Bischofia javanicaBlume

Javanese bishopwood

WFO wfo-0000342237 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Bischofia javanica, photographed by Steve Fitzgerald
fig. a Steve Fitzgerald, CC BY-SA 4.0 / 2022-06-07 / obs. 203995019
Bischofia javanica, photographed by Steve Fitzgerald
fig. b Steve Fitzgerald, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 203115261
Bischofia javanica, photographed by 潘立傑 LICHIEH_PAN
fig. c 潘立傑 LICHIEH_PAN, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199338383
Bischofia javanica, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. d Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193389075
Bischofia javanica, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. e Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191776296
Bischofia javanica, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. f Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191144979
Bischofia javanica, photographed by 葉子
fig. g 葉子, CC0 1.0 / obs. 204389614
Bischofia javanica, photographed by 葉子
fig. h 葉子, CC0 1.0 / obs. 204379053

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 40 botanical countries

Regions where Bischofia javanica is native: China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Queensland, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is. China North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanTaiwanAssamBangladeshBismarck ArchipelagoBorneoCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MalayaMalukuMyanmarNew GuineaPhilippinesSolomon Is.SulawesiSumateraThailandVietnamWest HimalayaQueenslandFijiNew Caledonia Nansei-shotoAndaman Is.Caroline Is.Cook Is.NiueSamoaSociety Is.TongaVanuatuWallis-Futuna Is.
Native distribution of Bischofia javanica, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Andaman Is. AND ASIA-TROPICAL
Assam ASS
Bangladesh BAN
Bismarck Archipelago BIS
Borneo BOR
Cambodia CBD
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Malaya MLY
Maluku MOL
Myanmar MYA
New Guinea NWG
Philippines PHI
Solomon Is. SOL
Sulawesi SUL
Sumatera SUM
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
Caroline Is. CRL PACIFIC
Cook Is. COO
Fiji FIJ
New Caledonia NWC
Niue NUE
Samoa SAM
Santa Cruz Is. SCZ
Society Is. SCI
Tonga TON
Vanuatu VAN
Wallis-Futuna Is. WAL
China North-Central CHN ASIA-TEMPERATE
China South-Central CHC
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Nansei-shoto NNS
Taiwan TAI
Queensland QLD AUSTRALASIA

Not drawn on the map: Santa Cruz Is.. We hold no public-domain boundary for this region, so it is listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 1,964 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 11.0 °C 13.3 °C 19.0 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 25.9 °C 30.2 °C 31.3 °C
Annual rainfall 1,278 mm 2,248 mm 4,022 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 59 mm 158 mm 671 mm

It is not found anywhere that gets close to freezing. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 1,964 research-grade observations of Bischofia javanica that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 16 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Andrachne apetala Roxb. ex Wall.
  • Andrachne apetala Roxb. ex Benth.
  • Andrachne trifoliata Roxb.
  • Bischofia cummingiana Decne.
  • Bischofia javanica var. genuina Müll.Arg.
  • Bischofia javanica var. lanceolata Müll.Arg.
  • Bischofia javanica var. oblongifolia (Decne.) Müll.Arg.
  • Bischofia javanica var. toui (Decne.) Müll.Arg.
  • Bischofia leptopoda Müll.Arg.
  • Bischofia oblongifolia Decne.
  • Bischofia roeperiana Decne.
  • Bischofia toui Decne.
  • Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook.
  • Microelus roeperianus (Decne.) Wight & Arn.
  • Phyllanthus gymnanthus Baill.
  • Stylodiscus trifoliatus (Roxb.) Benn.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.