{
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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "berula-erecta",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000564539",
    "inat_taxon_id": 58790
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Berula erecta",
    "authorship": "(Huds.) Coville",
    "genus": "Berula",
    "epithet": "erecta",
    "family": "Apiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 115 (1893)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:31836-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Lesser Water-parsnip",
      "english": [
        "Lesser Water-parsnip",
        "cutleaf waterparsnip",
        "lesser water-parsnip, water celery"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Apium berula",
        "authorship": "Caruel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Apium sium",
        "authorship": "Crantz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berla monspeliensium",
        "authorship": "Bubani"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula angustifolia subvar. gracile",
        "authorship": "Coss. & Germ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula angustifolia var. dentata",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula angustifolia var. gracile",
        "authorship": "(Coss. & Germ.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula angustifolia var. serratifolia",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta f. dentata",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta f. incisum",
        "authorship": "Lojac."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta f. microphylla",
        "authorship": "Uechtr. ex Abrom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta f. repens",
        "authorship": "(G.F.Mey.) Wolfg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta f. serratifolia",
        "authorship": "Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta var. incisa",
        "authorship": "(Torr.) Cronquist"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta var. macrodon",
        "authorship": "Koso-Pol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula erecta var. stenodon",
        "authorship": "Koso-Pol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula incisa",
        "authorship": "(Torr.) G.N.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula orientalis",
        "authorship": "Woronow ex Schischk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula orientalis",
        "authorship": "Woronow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Berula pusilla",
        "authorship": "(Nutt.) Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Carum sioides",
        "authorship": "J.M.Black"
      },
      {
        "name": "Selinum berula",
        "authorship": "E.H.L.Krause"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siella erecta",
        "authorship": "(Huds.) Pimenov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium angustifolium",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium angustifolium var. decumbens",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium angustifolium var. polyphylla",
        "authorship": "Schltdl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium angustifolium var. repens",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium berula",
        "authorship": "Gouan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium erectum",
        "authorship": "Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium ferula",
        "authorship": "Raeusch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium incisum",
        "authorship": "Torr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium nodiflorum",
        "authorship": "Oeder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium novae-mexicae",
        "authorship": "Koso-Pol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium novae-mexicae var. fimbriatum",
        "authorship": "Koso-Pol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium orientale",
        "authorship": "(Woronow ex Schischk.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sium pusillum",
        "authorship": "Nutt."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berula_erecta"
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        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARK",
        "name": "Arkansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IOW",
        "name": "Iowa",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEB",
        "name": "Nebraska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NDA",
        "name": "North Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OKL",
        "name": "Oklahoma",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 74,
    "n_annotated": 194,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      7,
      5,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      8,
      31,
      15,
      4,
      2,
      0,
      2
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      14,
      12,
      9,
      23,
      28,
      18,
      36,
      17,
      14,
      12,
      3,
      8
    ],
    "share": [
      0.5,
      0.4167,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0.4444,
      0.8611,
      0.8824,
      0.2857,
      0.1667,
      null,
      0.25
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.268,
        0.732
      ],
      [
        0.1933,
        0.6805
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.2992
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.1431
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.1206
      ],
      [
        0.2456,
        0.6628
      ],
      [
        0.7134,
        0.9392
      ],
      [
        0.6566,
        0.9671
      ],
      [
        0.1172,
        0.5465
      ],
      [
        0.047,
        0.448
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.0715,
        0.5907
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 8,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/berula-erecta/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}