Berberis canadensisMill.

American barberry

WFO wfo-0000562916 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 4 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 4 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Berberis canadensis, photographed by Alan Weakley
fig. a Alan Weakley, CC0 1.0 / 2017-08-27 / obs. 10066209

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 12 botanical countries

Regions where Berberis canadensis is native: Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia AlabamaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaKentuckyMarylandMissouriNorth CarolinaPennsylvaniaTennesseeVirginiaWest Virginia
Native distribution of Berberis canadensis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Georgia GEO
Illinois ILL
Indiana INI
Kentucky KTY
Maryland MRY
Missouri MSO
North Carolina NCA
Pennsylvania PEN
Tennessee TEN
Virginia VRG
West Virginia WVA

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 88 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -3.5 °C -2.2 °C 3.0 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 26.9 °C 28.5 °C 31.6 °C
Annual rainfall 971 mm 1,185 mm 1,477 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 197 mm 237 mm 305 mm

It is found where winters bring light frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 88 research-grade observations of Berberis canadensis that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 16 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Berberis brevifolia K.Koch
  • Berberis canadensis (Willd.) Pursh
  • Berberis caroliniana Sweet
  • Berberis caroliniana var. macrocarpa (Schrad.) Zabel
  • Berberis fischeri K.Koch
  • Berberis integerrima K.Koch
  • Berberis macracantha K.Koch
  • Berberis macrocarpa Schrad.
  • Berberis macrotheca K.Koch
  • Berberis microphylla K.Koch
  • Berberis nitens K.Koch
  • Berberis pisifera Raf.
  • Berberis serrulata Raf.
  • Berberis sinensis f. canadensis (Willd.) Regel
  • Berberis sinensis var. canadensis (Willd.) Regel
  • Berberis vulgaris var. canadensis Willd.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.