{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/begonia-maculata/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "begonia-maculata", "wfo": "wfo-0000824699", "inat_taxon_id": 284651 }, "name": { "scientific": "Begonia maculata", "authorship": "Raddi", "genus": "Begonia", "epithet": "maculata", "family": "Begoniaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Alc. Sp. Rett. Piant. Bras. xviii. Fis. (1820) 406.", "protologue_url": "https://padme.rbge.org.uk/wfo/wfo-0000824699", "common": { "preferred": null, "english": [], "source": null }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Begonia aculeata", "authorship": "Walp." }, { "name": "Begonia albopicta", "authorship": "Bull." }, { "name": "Begonia argentea", "authorship": "Van Houtte ex Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Begonia argenteoguttata", "authorship": "Irmsch. ex hort." }, { "name": "Begonia argyrostigma", "authorship": "Fisch. ex Link & Otto" }, { "name": "Begonia maculata f. argentea", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Voss" }, { "name": "Begonia maculata var. albopicta", "authorship": "(W.Bull) Fotsch" }, { "name": "Begonia maculata var. argentea", "authorship": "(Van Houtte ex Klotzsch) A.DC." }, { "name": "Begonia maculata var. wightii", "authorship": "Fotsch" }, { "name": "Begonia punctata", "authorship": "hort. ex Steud." }, { "name": "Gaerdtia argentea", "authorship": "Van Houtte ex Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Gaerdtia maculata", "authorship": "(Raddi) 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"https://img.botanai.app/p/144717090/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Victor Farjalla Pontes, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 145454801, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Victor Farjalla Pontes", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/vfarjalla", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6a09dbb8-5821-43c1-8318-7cd36ae1a9e6", "observed_on": "2021-07-22", "lat": -22.961, "lon": -43.182, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145454801/r1/400.avif", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145454801/r1/768.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145454801/r1/400.jpg", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145454801/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Victor Farjalla Pontes, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "BZL" ], "regions": [ { "code": "BZL", "name": "Brazil Southeast", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Brazil" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 25, "n_annotated": 44, "sufficient": false, "doi": null, "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "shrub", "climate": "wet tropical" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 20.2, "median": 23.7, "p95": 24.1 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 200.4, "median": 206.6, "p95": 223.3 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 26.2, "median": 29.8, "p95": 31.1 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": 13.4, "median": 16.8, "p95": 17.8 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 1201.1, "median": 1347.1, "p95": 1574.8 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 41.6, "median": 44.4, "p95": 52.7 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 120, "median": 160.3, "p95": 184.8 }, "n": 145, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": null, "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 145 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "uses": { "categories": [ "Environmental Uses", "Gene Sources" ], "source": "Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species", "license": "CC-BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5063/F1CV4G34", "synced": "2026-07-18", "note": "Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim." }, "phytochemistry": null, "conservation": null, "vernacular_names": { "by_language": [ { "language": "English", "language_code": "en", "names": [ "Cane Begonia", "Polka Dot Begonia" ] }, { "language": "Chinese", "language_code": "zh", "names": [ "斑叶竹节秋海棠", "竹节秋海棠" ] }, { "language": "Russian", "language_code": "ru", "names": [ "Бегония коралловая" ] }, { "language": "Japanese", "language_code": "ja", "names": [ "シラホシベゴニア" ] }, { "language": "French", "language_code": "fr", "names": [ "Bégonia Tamaya", "Bégonia bambou" ] }, { "language": "Dutch", "language_code": "nl", "names": [ "Stippenbegonia" ] }, { "language": "Polish", "language_code": "pl", "names": [ "ukośnica plamista" ] }, { "language": "Thai", "language_code": "th", "names": [ "บีโกเนียลายจุด" ] }, { "language": "Swedish", "language_code": "sv", "names": [ "forellbegonia", "korallröd begonia" ] }, { "language": "Finnish", "language_code": "fi", "names": [ "pilkkubegonia" ] }, { "language": "Slovak", "language_code": "sk", "names": [ "begónia škvrnitá" ] }, { "language": "Lithuanian", "language_code": "lt", "names": [ "Koralinė begonija" ] } ], "source": "Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names", "license": "CC0 / per-source", "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org", "synced": "2026-07-18" }, "interactions": null, "growth_traits": { "characteristics": [ { "key": "growth_habit", "label": "Growth habit", "category": "Form and habit", "values": [ { "value": "herb", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] }, { "value": "subshrub", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] }, { "key": "woodiness", "label": "Woodiness", "category": "Form and habit", "values": [ { "value": "non-woody", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] }, { "key": "life_cycle", "label": "Life cycle", "category": "Life cycle", "values": [ { "value": "perennial", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] } ], "sources": [ { "name": "USDA PLANTS Database", "license": "Public domain (US Government work)", "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/" }, { "name": "GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://gift.uni-goettingen.de/" }, { "name": "Wikidata structured plant traits", "license": "CC0 1.0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/" }, { "name": "EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)", "license": "Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17315431" }, { "name": "Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides", "license": "Public domain (US Government work)", "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/" } ], "source": "USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides", "license": "per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)", "source_url": "https://botanai.app/sources/", "synced": "2026-07-19", "note": "Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it." }, "nomenclature": { "authors": "Raddi", "published_in": "Alc. Sp. Rett. Piant. Bras. xviii. Fis. (1820) 406", "year": 1820, "ipni_id": "urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:105130-1", "ipni_url": "https://www.ipni.org/n/105130-1", "source": "IPNI (International Plant Names Index)", "license": "CC-BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://www.ipni.org", "synced": "2026-07-18", "note": "The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description." }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "common_name", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." }, { "field": "phenology", "status": "insufficient_evidence", "reason": "Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/begonia-maculata/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }