Avicennia germinans(L.) L.

black mangrove

WFO wfo-0000302902 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Avicennia germinans, photographed by Leila Dasher
fig. a Leila Dasher, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-10 / obs. 196674511
Avicennia germinans, photographed by Leila Dasher
fig. b Leila Dasher, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197480824
Avicennia germinans, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. c Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196158480
Avicennia germinans, photographed by stinger
fig. d stinger, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 186738592
Avicennia germinans, photographed by Jay Pruett
fig. e Jay Pruett, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 186990706
Avicennia germinans, photographed by stinger
fig. f stinger, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 186725382
Avicennia germinans, photographed by Paul Asman
fig. g Paul Asman, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189869526
Avicennia germinans, photographed by Paul Asman
fig. h Paul Asman, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189870628

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Confused withby our own model

These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.

Flowering n = 368 observations

Peak flowering in Jun, from 368 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 28 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Avicennia africana P.Beauv.
  • Avicennia elliptica Thunb.
  • Avicennia elliptica var. martii Moldenke
  • Avicennia floridana Raf.
  • Avicennia floridana Gand.
  • Avicennia germinans f. aberrans Moldenke
  • Avicennia germinans f. brasiliensis Moldenke
  • Avicennia germinans f. venezuelensis Moldenke
  • Avicennia germinans var. cumanensis (Kunth) Moldenke
  • Avicennia germinans var. germinans
  • Avicennia germinans var. guayaquilensis (Kunth) Moldenke
  • Avicennia lamarckiana C.Presl
  • Avicennia meyeri Miq.
  • Avicennia nitida Sessé & Moc.
  • Avicennia nitida Jacq.
  • Avicennia nitida var. trinitensis Moldenke
  • Avicennia oblongifolia Nutt. ex Chapm.
  • Avicennia officinalis var. lanceolata Kuntze
  • Avicennia officinalis var. nitida Kuntze
  • Avicennia tomentosa Jacq.
  • Avicennia tomentosa var. campechensis Jacq.
  • Avicennia tomentosa var. cumanensis Kunth
  • Avicennia tomentosa var. guayaquilensis Kunth
  • Bontia germinans L.

and 4 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.