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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/avena-barbata/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "avena-barbata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000851697",
    "inat_taxon_id": 52696
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Avena barbata",
    "authorship": "Pott ex Link",
    "genus": "Avena",
    "epithet": "barbata",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799(2): 315 (1800)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:391337-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Slender Oat",
      "english": [
        "Slender Oat",
        "slender oat"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Avena alba f. fallax",
        "authorship": "(Maire & Weiller) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alba f. triflora",
        "authorship": "(Malzev) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alba subvar. aristulata",
        "authorship": "(Malzev) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alba subvar. glabrifolia",
        "authorship": "(Malzev) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alba subvar. minor",
        "authorship": "(Lange) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alba var. barbata",
        "authorship": "(Pott ex Link) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alba var. hirtula",
        "authorship": "(Lag.) Emb. & Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alba var. wiestii",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena almeriensis",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena atheranthera",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata",
        "authorship": "Brot."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata f. colorata",
        "authorship": "Hausskn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. atherantha",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) Rocha Afonso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. atheranthera",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Roche Afonso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. barbata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. castellana",
        "authorship": "Romero Zarco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. hirtula",
        "authorship": "(Lag.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. hirtula",
        "authorship": "(Lag.) E.Morren"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. hoppeana",
        "authorship": "(Scheele) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. lusitanica",
        "authorship": "(Tab.Morais) Romero Zarco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. subtypica",
        "authorship": "(Malzev) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. wiestii",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Mansf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subsp. wiestii",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subvar. hirsuta",
        "authorship": "(Moench) Tab.Morais"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata subvar. lusitanica",
        "authorship": "Tab.Morais"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. caspica",
        "authorship": "Hausskn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. frutescens",
        "authorship": "Trab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. hirtula",
        "authorship": "(Lag.) Pérez Lara"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. media",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. minor",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. solida",
        "authorship": "Hausskn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. subtypica",
        "authorship": "(Malzev) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. subtypica",
        "authorship": "(Malz.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. triflora",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena barbata var. wiestii",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Hausskn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena bolivaris",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena cypria",
        "authorship": "Sibth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena damascena",
        "authorship": "Rajhathy & B.R.Baum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena deusta",
        "authorship": "Ball"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena fatua subsp. barbata",
        "authorship": "(Pott ex Link) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena hirsuta",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena hirsuta",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena hirtula",
        "authorship": "Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena hoppeana",
        "authorship": "Scheele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena lagascae",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena lusitanica",
        "authorship": "(Tab.Morais) B.R.Baum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena malzevii",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena matritensis",
        "authorship": "B.R.Baum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena maxima",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena nuda subsp. wiestii",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena nuda subsp. wiestii",
        "authorship": "Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena sallentiana",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena sativa var. barbata",
        "authorship": "(Pott ex Link) Fiori"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena segetalis",
        "authorship": "Bianca ex Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena serrulatiglumis",
        "authorship": "Sennen & Mauricio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena sterilis f. segetalis",
        "authorship": "(Bianca ex Nyman) Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena sterilis subsp. atheranthera",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) H.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena sterilis var. barbata",
        "authorship": "(Pott ex Link) Lapeyrère"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena sterilis var. segetalis",
        "authorship": "(Bianca ex Nyman) Trab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subsp. barbata",
        "authorship": "(Pott ex Link) Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subsp. hirtula",
        "authorship": "(Lag.) Malzev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subsp. lusitanica",
        "authorship": "(Tab.Morais) Jauzein"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subsp. wiestii",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subvar. aristulata",
        "authorship": "Malzev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subvar. deserticola",
        "authorship": "Malzev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subvar. glabrifolia",
        "authorship": "Malzev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subvar. minor",
        "authorship": "(Lange) Malzev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa subvar. triflora",
        "authorship": "Malzev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena strigosa var. subtypica",
        "authorship": "Malzev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena villosa",
        "authorship": "Lag. ex Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena wiestii",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena_barbata"
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        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAU",
        "name": "Saudi Arabia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIN",
        "name": "Sinai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAL",
        "name": "Baleares",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRI",
        "name": "Kriti",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 387,
    "n_annotated": 466,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      8,
      19,
      67,
      163,
      77,
      29,
      7,
      4,
      0,
      4,
      3,
      6
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      10,
      20,
      75,
      178,
      84,
      46,
      11,
      6,
      2,
      7,
      17,
      10
    ],
    "share": [
      0.8,
      0.95,
      0.8933,
      0.9157,
      0.9167,
      0.6304,
      0.6364,
      0.6667,
      null,
      0.5714,
      0.1765,
      0.6
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.4902,
        0.9433
      ],
      [
        0.7639,
        0.9911
      ],
      [
        0.8034,
        0.945
      ],
      [
        0.8656,
        0.9483
      ],
      [
        0.8378,
        0.959
      ],
      [
        0.486,
        0.7548
      ],
      [
        0.3538,
        0.8483
      ],
      [
        0.3,
        0.9032
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.2505,
        0.8418
      ],
      [
        0.0619,
        0.4103
      ],
      [
        0.3127,
        0.8318
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 2,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 85,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        1,
        8,
        20,
        8,
        17,
        4,
        2,
        2,
        3,
        15,
        4
      ],
      "share": [
        0.1,
        0.05,
        0.1067,
        0.1124,
        0.0952,
        0.3696,
        0.3636,
        0.3333,
        null,
        0.4286,
        0.8824,
        0.4
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.0179,
          0.4042
        ],
        [
          0.0089,
          0.2361
        ],
        [
          0.055,
          0.1966
        ],
        [
          0.0739,
          0.1672
        ],
        [
          0.0491,
          0.1768
        ],
        [
          0.2452,
          0.514
        ],
        [
          0.1517,
          0.6462
        ],
        [
          0.0968,
          0.7
        ],
        null,
        [
          0.1582,
          0.7495
        ],
        [
          0.6566,
          0.9671
        ],
        [
          0.1682,
          0.6873
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 11
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual",
    "climate": "subtropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 11.5,
      "median": 15,
      "p95": 18.1
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 173.1,
      "median": 364.6,
      "p95": 649.6
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 17.7,
      "median": 26.5,
      "p95": 33.2
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 1.3,
      "median": 6.4,
      "p95": 10.4
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 287.7,
      "median": 633,
      "p95": 1453.4
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 19,
      "median": 89,
      "p95": 98.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 4,
      "median": 9.7,
      "p95": 163.2
    },
    "n": 1618,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1618 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/avena-barbata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}