Austroblechnum penna-marina(Poir.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich

little hard fern

WFO wfo-0001346640 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by Julia Palmer
fig. a Julia Palmer, CC BY-SA 4.0 / 2022-04-30 / obs. 192080929
Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by E Santos Ortega
fig. b E Santos Ortega, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 194094290
Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by Joe Dillon
fig. c Joe Dillon, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 192593297
Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by Leon Perrie
fig. d Leon Perrie, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191537926
Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by Nicolas Olejnik
fig. e Nicolas Olejnik, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 190182343
Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by Christopher Stephens
fig. f Christopher Stephens, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 189377515
Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by Jenny Saito
fig. g Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 187223711
Austroblechnum penna-marina, photographed by Christopher Stephens
fig. h Christopher Stephens, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 190506257

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Also published as 40 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Acrostichum polytrichoides Thouars
  • Austroblechnum penna-marina subsp. alpinum (R.Br.) S.Jess. & L.Lehm.
  • Austroblechnum penna-marina subsp. alpinum (R.Br.) A.R.Field
  • Blechnum alpinum (R.Br.) Mett.
  • Blechnum alpinum var. elongatum Mett.
  • Blechnum hillii C.Chr.
  • Blechnum parvifolium (Colenso) C.Chr.
  • Blechnum penna-marina (Poir.) Kuhn
  • Blechnum penna-marina f. polypodioides (Desv. ex Gaudich.) C.Chr.
  • Blechnum penna-marina subsp. alpina (R.Br.) T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant
  • Blechnum penna-marina subsp. boliviana (Rosenst.) T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant
  • Blechnum penna-marina subsp. bolivianum (Rosenst.) T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant
  • Blechnum penna-marina subsp. penna-marina
  • Blechnum penna-marina var. bolivianum Rosenst. ex Looser
  • Blechnum penna-marina var. polypodioides (Desv. ex Gaudich.) Looser
  • Blechnum penna-marina var. uliginosa (Phil.) C.Chr.
  • Blechnum penna-marina var. uliginosa C.Chr.
  • Blechnum uliginosum C.Chr.
  • Lomaria alpina (R.Br.) Spreng.
  • Lomaria antarctica Carmich.
  • Lomaria distans Colenso
  • Lomaria linearis Colenso
  • Lomaria marina Trevis.
  • Lomaria parvifolia Colenso

and 16 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.