Arum orientale | BotanAI

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Arum orientale, photographed by Марина Садыкова — fig. a Марина Садыкова, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-08 / obs. 196452520

Arum orientale, photographed by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky) — fig. b Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 187700141

Arum orientale, photographed by Nikita Gerasin — fig. d Nikita Gerasin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 85999091

Arum orientale, photographed by Татьяна Максимова — fig. e Татьяна Максимова, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 194212412

Arum orientale, photographed by Oleg Kosterin — fig. f Oleg Kosterin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189337863

Arum orientale, photographed by Алена Ручка — fig. h Алена Ручка, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 186770353

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 17 botanical countries

Native distribution of Arum orientale, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Albania	ALB	EUROPE
Austria	AUT
Bulgaria	BUL
Czechia-Slovakia	CZE
Greece	GRC
Hungary	HUN
Krym	KRY
NW. Balkan Pen.	YUG
Romania	ROM
South European Russia	RUS
Türkiye-in-Europe	TUE
Ukraine	UKR
Lebanon-Syria	LBS	ASIA-TEMPERATE
North Caucasus	NCS
Palestine	PAL
Transcaucasus	TCS
Türkiye	TUR

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 61 in flower of 115 examined

50%

89%

78%

Proportion of examined Arum orientale in flower, by month
Month	In flower	Examined	Share	95% interval
Jan	0	1	too few examined
Feb	0	6	0%	0% to 39%
Mar	0	11	0%	0% to 26%
Apr	11	22	50%	31% to 69%
May	32	36	89%	75% to 96%
Jun	18	23	78%	58% to 90%
Jul	0	14	0%	0% to 22%
Aug	0	2	too few examined
Sep	0	0	too few examined
Oct	0	0	too few examined
Nov	0	0	too few examined
Dec	0	0	too few examined

Peak flowering in May. Each bar is the share of Arum orientale observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 61 of 115 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 6 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 399 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	-8.6 °C	-4.1 °C	2.4 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	21.3 °C	25.2 °C	28.5 °C
Annual rainfall	585 mm	1,022 mm	2,355 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	75 mm	191 mm	446 mm

It is found where winters bring hard frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 399 research-grade observations of Arum orientale that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 25 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Arum alpinariae (Alpinar & R.R.Mill) P.C.Boyce
Arum balansanum R.R.Mill
Arum consobrinum Schott
Arum elongatum Steven
Arum elongatum subsp. alpinariae Alpinar & R.R.Mill
Arum incomptum Schott
Arum longispathum Rchb.
Arum maculatum var. caucasicum Willd.
Arum nigrum subsp. petteri (Schott) Nyman
Arum nigrum var. petteri (Schott) Engl.
Arum nordmannii Schott
Arum orientale subsp. elongatum (Steven) Engl.
Arum orientale subsp. incomptum (Schott) Engl.
Arum orientale subsp. petteri (Schott) Nyman
Arum orientale subvar. depauperatum Engl.
Arum orientale subvar. pleiocyclum Engl.
Arum orientale var. albescens Engl.
Arum orientale var. elongatum (Steven) Engl.
Arum orientale var. longispathum (Rchb.) Nyman
Arum orientale var. normannii (Schott) Nyman
Arum orientale var. petteri (Schott) Engl.
Arum orientale var. stevenii Engl.
Arum petteri Schott
Arum phrygium Boiss. ex Tchich.

and 1 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.