Plate 1 figs. a–h · 7 observations
This species has been photographed under an open licence only 7 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.
Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.
Native range 32 botanical countries
| Region | TDWG code | Continent |
|---|---|---|
| Andaman Is. | AND | ASIA-TROPICAL |
| Borneo | BOR | |
| Christmas I. | XMS | |
| India | IND | |
| Jawa | JAW | |
| Lesser Sunda Is. | LSI | |
| Malaya | MLY | |
| Maluku | MOL | |
| Myanmar | MYA | |
| New Guinea | NWG | |
| Nicobar Is. | NCB | |
| Philippines | PHI | |
| Sri Lanka | SRL | |
| Sulawesi | SUL | |
| Sumatera | SUM | |
| Thailand | THA | |
| Vietnam | VIE | |
| Chagos Archipelago | CGS | AFRICA |
| Kenya | KEN | |
| Madagascar | MDG | |
| Mozambique | MOZ | |
| Seychelles | SEY | |
| Tanzania | TAN | |
| Caroline Is. | CRL | PACIFIC |
| Marianas | MRN | |
| Marquesas | MRQ | |
| Niue | NUE | |
| Tonga | TON | |
| Tubuai Is. | TUB | |
| Hainan | CHH | ASIA-TEMPERATE |
| Queensland | QLD | AUSTRALASIA |
| Puerto Rico | PUE | SOUTHERN AMERICA |
Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.
Also published as 46 synonyms
A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.
- Amphineuron opulentum (Kaulf.) Holttum
- Aspidium conionevron (Fée) Mett.
- Aspidium extensum Blume
- Aspidium hookeri Baker
- Aspidium malaccense Fée
- Aspidium multijugum Wall.
- Aspidium nephrodioides Hook.
- Aspidium opulentum Kaulf.
- Aspidium pteroides var. terminans F.M.Bailey
- Aspidium wakefieldii (Baker) Hieron.
- Cyclosorus extensus (Blume) Ching
- Cyclosorus extensus (Blume) H.Itô
- Cyclosorus impressus (Desv.) Alston
- Cyclosorus incertus (Domin ex C.Chr.) Ching
- Cyclosorus opulentus (Kaulf.) Panigrahi
- Cyclosorus opulentus (Kaulf.) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop.
- Cyclosorus opulentus (Kaulf.) Nakaike
- Cyclosorus sulfureus (E.Brown) Copel.
- Cyclosorus wakefieldii (Baker) Ching
- Dryopteris extensa (Blume) Kuntze
- Dryopteris impressa (Desv.) Posth.
- Dryopteris incerta Domin ex C.Chr.
- Dryopteris nephrodioides (Hook.) Kuntze
- Dryopteris nephrodioides var. glandulosa C.Chr. & Rosenst.
and 22 more.
Sourcesevery claim on this page
- World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
- iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
- USDA PLANTS Database. common name, checklist symbol THOP2. public domain. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
- Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.
We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.