{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/agrostis-capillaris/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "agrostis-capillaris",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000841743",
    "inat_taxon_id": 75312
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Agrostis capillaris",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Agrostis",
    "epithet": "capillaris",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 62 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30197865-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Colonial bent(grass)",
      "english": [
        "Colonial bent(grass)",
        "Colonial bentgrass",
        "Common bent",
        "colonial bentgrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Agrestis polymorpha",
        "authorship": "Bubani"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba subsp. silvatica",
        "authorship": "(Huds.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba subsp. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "(With.) Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba subsp. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "(With.) Douin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba subvar. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Coss. & Germ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. aristata",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. minor",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Spenn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. silvatica",
        "authorship": "(Huds.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. stricta",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Alph.Wood"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. sylvatica",
        "authorship": "(Huds.) Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Sibth.) Fiori"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "(With.) Coss. & Durieu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis atropurpurea",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis atroviolacea",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis borbonica",
        "authorship": "C.Cordem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis canina f. varians",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis canina var. glaucina",
        "authorship": "(T.Bastard) Delastre"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis canina var. varians",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Ducommun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris f. setulosa",
        "authorship": "(Murb.) Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris subsp. oreophila",
        "authorship": "(O.Schwarz) Soják"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. alpigena",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Portal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. aristata",
        "authorship": "Dogan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. aristata",
        "authorship": "(Parn.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. aristulata",
        "authorship": "Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. canina",
        "authorship": "(G.Sinclair) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. capillaris",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. dubia",
        "authorship": "Portal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. glaucina",
        "authorship": "(T.Bastard) Portal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. humilis",
        "authorship": "(Asch. & Graebn.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. sambukii",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. varians",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Chevall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis capillaris var. violacea",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Chevall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis ceretana",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis claudii",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis diffusa",
        "authorship": "Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis diffusa",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis divaricata",
        "authorship": "Hoffm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis dubia",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis ericetorum",
        "authorship": "Bergeret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis exilis",
        "authorship": "Loisel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis glaucina",
        "authorship": "T.Bastard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis helenae",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis hispida",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis hispida var. varians",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Loisel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis hornungiana",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis laxa",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis laxa var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis lithuanica",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis maritima",
        "authorship": "L. ex B.D.Jacks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis marysae-tortiae",
        "authorship": "Portal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis navarroi",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis palustris var. stricta",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) House"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis polymorpha",
        "authorship": "Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis polymorpha var. breviligulata",
        "authorship": "Neilr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis polymorpha var. capillaris",
        "authorship": "(L.) Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis polymorpha var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis polymorpha var. stricta",
        "authorship": "House"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis polymorpha var. sylvatica",
        "authorship": "(Huds.) Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis pumila",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis pumila var. aristata",
        "authorship": "Ferrary"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis retroflexa",
        "authorship": "Balb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis rubra var. glauca",
        "authorship": "Guépin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis rubra var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis simulans",
        "authorship": "Hemsl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stolonifera var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Farw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stolonifera var. minor",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Farw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stolonifera var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "(With.) Čelak."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stricta",
        "authorship": "Muhl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stricta",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis sylvatica",
        "authorship": "Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tarda",
        "authorship": "Drude"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis",
        "authorship": "Sibth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. aristata",
        "authorship": "(Parn.) Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. aristata",
        "authorship": "Zoz & Kultenko"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. aristata",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Wiegand"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. contracta",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. montana",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. parviflora",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. umbrosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis f. umbrosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Jansen & Wacht."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis subsp. oreophila",
        "authorship": "O.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis subsp. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "(With.) O.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. alpina",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Vollm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. aristata",
        "authorship": "(Parn.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Phillipson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. hornungiana",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. humilis",
        "authorship": "(Asch. & Graebn.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. humilis",
        "authorship": "(Asch. & Graebn.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. microstachys",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. montana",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. oreophila",
        "authorship": "O.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. repens",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. scaberrima",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. schurii",
        "authorship": "Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. setifrons",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. setulosa",
        "authorship": "(Murb.) Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis tenuis var. tenuis",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis trinervata",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis umbrosa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis varians",
        "authorship": "Thuill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vernalis",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis versicolor",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis violacea",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis violacea",
        "authorship": "Thuill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris",
        "authorship": "With."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris f. contracta",
        "authorship": "Junge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris f. montana",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. alpigena",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. arenicola",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. aristata",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. aristata",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. aristata",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. aristata",
        "authorship": "Tausch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. canina",
        "authorship": "G.Sinclair"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. capillaris",
        "authorship": "(L.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. collina",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. convoluta",
        "authorship": "Norm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. curvata",
        "authorship": "W.R.Linton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. divaricata",
        "authorship": "(Hoffm.) Le Turq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. elongata",
        "authorship": "Duby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. ericetorum",
        "authorship": "Le Gall"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. glauca",
        "authorship": "Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. glaucina",
        "authorship": "(T.Bastard) Ancibure & Prestat"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Prov."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. hornungiana",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. humilis",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. laxa",
        "authorship": "Schltdl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. losae",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. minor",
        "authorship": "St.-Amans"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. montana",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. mutica",
        "authorship": "Sinclair"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. pallescens",
        "authorship": "Coss. & Germ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. parviflora",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. plena",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. repens",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. rigida",
        "authorship": "Schltdl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. rubra",
        "authorship": "Lej."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. saxatilis",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. setulosa",
        "authorship": "Murb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. trinervata",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. umbracola",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. umbrosa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. varians",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. violacea",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Pauquy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Pauquy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira tenorei",
        "authorship": "Fuckel ex Willk. & Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Decandolia pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) T.Bastard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Decandolia vulgaris",
        "authorship": "(With.) T.Bastard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Milium hispidum",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Milium vulgare var. divaricatum",
        "authorship": "(Hoffm.) Mérat"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichodium arenicola",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichodium capillare",
        "authorship": "(L.) Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichodium capillaris",
        "authorship": "(L.) Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichodium glaucinum",
        "authorship": "(T.Bastard) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichodium strictum",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa alba var. conferta",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa alba var. nuda",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa alba var. sylvatica",
        "authorship": "(Huds.) Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa divaricata",
        "authorship": "(Hoffm.) Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa divaricata var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa hispida",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa pumila",
        "authorship": "(L.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa sylvatica",
        "authorship": "(Huds.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa vulgaris",
        "authorship": "(With.) P.Beauv."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrostis_capillaris"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 408,
    "licences": [
      "CC-BY",
      "CC-BY-SA"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 200667398,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Andrea Mologni",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andreamologni78",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4508c393-1367-4f77-a24a-d23302b9e62a",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-20",
        "lat": 45.81,
        "lon": 8.909,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 576
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200667398/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200667398/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200667398/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200667398/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Andrea Mologni, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 194982063,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jon Sullivan",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jon_sullivan",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/71a3fb2c-ae93-4b1e-9ac4-1207f58da440",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-02",
        "lat": -43.58,
        "lon": 172.633,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 684
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194982063/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194982063/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194982063/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194982063/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jon Sullivan, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 191536830,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Leon Perrie",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/leonperrie",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/58e79472-f31f-48f4-ac47-8cf5fae7c178",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-29",
        "lat": -41.298,
        "lon": 174.738,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/191536830/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/191536830/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/191536830/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/191536830/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Leon Perrie, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 187223011,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jenny Saito",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jennysaito",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6dd51b5c-b243-4d2c-aad4-2cf3e7038b69",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-10",
        "lat": -43.062,
        "lon": 171.77,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187223011/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187223011/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187223011/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187223011/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 187212545,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jenny Saito",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jennysaito",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1df97d7e-792c-4596-8a93-c1e57efdf1ed",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-09",
        "lat": -43.293,
        "lon": 171.708,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187212545/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187212545/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187212545/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187212545/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 185975969,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jenny Saito",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jennysaito",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/294f1567-f45c-4142-ab45-10ce8e8ad65f",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-03",
        "lat": -43.25,
        "lon": 171.536,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185975969/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185975969/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185975969/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185975969/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 185019352,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jenny Saito",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jennysaito",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/e1897c59-805f-483b-a390-d2b88fc65809",
        "observed_on": "2022-03-27",
        "lat": -43.443,
        "lon": 171.185,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185019352/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185019352/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185019352/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/185019352/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 184797691,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jenny Saito",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jennysaito",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3effb150-d427-4d92-a6a7-eccc473bf130",
        "observed_on": "2022-03-26",
        "lat": -43.597,
        "lon": 171.174,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184797691/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184797691/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184797691/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184797691/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "AFG",
      "ALT",
      "BRY",
      "CHN",
      "CHS",
      "CHI",
      "IRN",
      "IRK",
      "KAZ",
      "KRA",
      "NCS",
      "TCS",
      "TUR",
      "WSB",
      "CHX",
      "ALB",
      "AUT",
      "BLT",
      "BLR",
      "BGM",
      "BUL",
      "RUC",
      "COR",
      "CZE",
      "DEN",
      "RUE",
      "FIN",
      "FRA",
      "FOR",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "GRC",
      "HUN",
      "ICE",
      "IRE",
      "ITA",
      "KRY",
      "YUG",
      "NET",
      "RUN",
      "RUW",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "POR",
      "ROM",
      "RUS",
      "SPA",
      "SWE",
      "SWI",
      "UKR"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FOR",
        "name": "Føroyar",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ICE",
        "name": "Iceland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 50,
    "n_annotated": 134,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      12,
      4,
      3,
      0,
      0,
      10,
      9,
      2,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      9
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      15,
      14,
      11,
      14,
      3,
      14,
      18,
      9,
      7,
      13,
      7,
      9
    ],
    "share": [
      0.8,
      0.2857,
      0.2727,
      0,
      null,
      0.7143,
      0.5,
      0.2222,
      0,
      0.0769,
      0,
      1
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.5481,
        0.9295
      ],
      [
        0.1172,
        0.5465
      ],
      [
        0.0975,
        0.5657
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.2153
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.4535,
        0.8828
      ],
      [
        0.2903,
        0.7097
      ],
      [
        0.0632,
        0.5474
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.3543
      ],
      [
        0.0137,
        0.3331
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.3543
      ],
      [
        0.7008,
        1
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 12,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 77,
      "by_month": [
        4,
        10,
        7,
        10,
        2,
        3,
        8,
        7,
        7,
        12,
        7,
        0
      ],
      "share": [
        0.2667,
        0.7143,
        0.6364,
        0.7143,
        null,
        0.2143,
        0.4444,
        0.7778,
        1,
        0.9231,
        1,
        0
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.109,
          0.5195
        ],
        [
          0.4535,
          0.8828
        ],
        [
          0.3538,
          0.8483
        ],
        [
          0.4535,
          0.8828
        ],
        null,
        [
          0.0757,
          0.4759
        ],
        [
          0.2456,
          0.6628
        ],
        [
          0.4526,
          0.9368
        ],
        [
          0.6457,
          1
        ],
        [
          0.6669,
          0.9863
        ],
        [
          0.6457,
          1
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.2992
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 9
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial or rhizomatous geophyte",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 2.6,
      "median": 8.2,
      "p95": 12.6
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 291.2,
      "median": 651.1,
      "p95": 1080.6
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 16.8,
      "median": 21.7,
      "p95": 24.9
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -14,
      "median": -3.5,
      "p95": 5.7
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 553.4,
      "median": 757.7,
      "p95": 1731.3
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 11.4,
      "median": 24.6,
      "p95": 45.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 88.3,
      "median": 142.5,
      "p95": 332.1
    },
    "n": 2037,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/agrostis-capillaris/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}