{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/agropyron-cristatum/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "agropyron-cristatum",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000842335",
    "inat_taxon_id": 75309
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Agropyron cristatum",
    "authorship": "(L.) Gaertn.",
    "genus": "Agropyron",
    "epithet": "cristatum",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 540 (1770)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:7365-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Crested wheat grass",
      "english": [
        "Crested wheat grass",
        "crested wheatgrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Agropyron aristatum",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron barginensis",
        "authorship": "Skvortsov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron brandzae",
        "authorship": "Pantu & Solacolu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron brandzae subsp. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "(Grinţ.) Dihoru & Negrean"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron brandzae var. nyaradyanum",
        "authorship": "Morariu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron bulbosum var. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "Grinţ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron bulbosum var. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "Grinţ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron bulbosum var. dunense",
        "authorship": "Grinţ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron bulbosum var. dunensis",
        "authorship": "Grinţ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatiforme",
        "authorship": "P.K.Sarkar"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum f. calvum",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Boza & Vasic"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum f. hirsutissimum",
        "authorship": "Krylov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum f. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Bukhteeva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum f. multiflorum",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum f. pauciflorum",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum f. pectiniforme",
        "authorship": "Bukhteeva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum f. villosum",
        "authorship": "(Litv.) Bukhteeva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. baicalense",
        "authorship": "T.V.Egorova & Sipliv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. brachyatherum",
        "authorship": "(Maire) Dobignard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. brandzae",
        "authorship": "(Pantu & Solacolu) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. cristatum",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. dunense",
        "authorship": "(Grinţ.) Dihoru & Negrean"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. dunensis",
        "authorship": "(Grinț.) Dihoru & Negrean"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. erikssonii",
        "authorship": "(Melderis) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. hamadanicum",
        "authorship": "Yousofi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. incanum",
        "authorship": "(Nábelek) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. kazachstanicum",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. pachyrrhizum",
        "authorship": "(A.Camus) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. pinifolium",
        "authorship": "(Nevski) Bondarenko ex Korovina"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. ponticum",
        "authorship": "(Nevski) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. puberulum",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. sabulosum",
        "authorship": "Lavrenko"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. sclerophyllum",
        "authorship": "Novopokr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. stepposum",
        "authorship": "(Dubovik) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum subsp. tarbagataicum",
        "authorship": "(Plotn.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. baicalense",
        "authorship": "(T.V.Egorova & Sipliv.) T.V.Egorova & Sipliv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. balchikense",
        "authorship": "Velchev & P.Vassil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. calvum",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. cristatum",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. erikssonii",
        "authorship": "Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. glabriglume",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. glabrispiculatum",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. glabrum",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. hirsutissimum",
        "authorship": "(Krylov) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. incanum",
        "authorship": "Nábelek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. macranthum",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. minor",
        "authorship": "Yousofi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. pectinatum",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) B.Fedtsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. pectiniforme",
        "authorship": "H.L.Yang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. pluriflorum",
        "authorship": "X.L.Yang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. puberulum",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. submuticum",
        "authorship": "Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. villosum",
        "authorship": "Litv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron cristatum var. villosum",
        "authorship": "Litv. ex Fedtsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron czerepanovii",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron dagnae",
        "authorship": "Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron distichum",
        "authorship": "(Georgi) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron erickssonii",
        "authorship": "(Melderis) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron glabrispiculatum",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron hirsutum",
        "authorship": "hort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron imbricatum",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron imbricatum var. villosum",
        "authorship": "(Litv.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron incanum",
        "authorship": "(Nábelek) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron karadaghense",
        "authorship": "Kotov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron karataviense",
        "authorship": "Pavlov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron kazachstanicum",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron lavrenkoanum",
        "authorship": "Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron lavrenkoanum var. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron lavrenkoanum var. pectinatum",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron litvinovii",
        "authorship": "Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron muricatum",
        "authorship": "Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pachyrhizum",
        "authorship": "A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum f. calvum",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum f. elatius",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. dagnae",
        "authorship": "(Grossh.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. daralaghezicum",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. gluma-villosa",
        "authorship": "Ataeva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. gluma-villosum",
        "authorship": "Ataeva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. puberulum",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. stepposum",
        "authorship": "(Dubovik) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectinatum var. submuticum",
        "authorship": "(Grossh.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectiniforme",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectiniforme f. barbatum",
        "authorship": "Nyár. ex Anghel & Morariu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectiniforme subsp. baicalense",
        "authorship": "(T.V.Egorova & Sipliv.) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectiniforme subsp. brandzae",
        "authorship": "(Pantu & Solacolu) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectiniforme subsp. sabulosum",
        "authorship": "(Lavrenko) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pectiniforme var. pseudobulbosum",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron peschkovae",
        "authorship": "(Georgi) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pinifolium",
        "authorship": "Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pinifolium var. sclerophyllum",
        "authorship": "(Novopokr.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ponticum",
        "authorship": "Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron puberulum",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron puberulum",
        "authorship": "(Boiss. ex Steud.) Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pumilum",
        "authorship": "(L.f.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron sclerophyllum",
        "authorship": "(Novopokr.) Novopokr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron stepposum",
        "authorship": "Dubovik"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron stepposum",
        "authorship": "Dubovic"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tarbagataicum",
        "authorship": "Plotn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena cristata",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brachypodium brachystachyum",
        "authorship": "Voss"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus cristatus",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Costia cristata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Costia imbricata",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cremopyrum cristatum var. calvum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cremopyrum pectinatum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cremopyrum pectinatum f. calvum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cremopyrum pectinatum var. calvum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cremopyrum pectinatum var. elatum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus pectinatus",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Laínz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eremopyrum cristatum",
        "authorship": "(L.) Willk. & Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eremopyrum cristatum var. brachyatherum",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eremopyrum cristatum var. pectinatum",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) P.Candargy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eremopyrum cristatum var. puberulum",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) P.Candargy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eremopyrum pectinatum",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eremopyrum puberulum",
        "authorship": "Grossh. ex Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca pectiniformis",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) A.V.Bukhteeva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Kratzmannia cristata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Skalicky & V.Jirasek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Kratzmannia imbricata",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Kratzmannia pectinata",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Skalicky & V.Jirasek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Secale pumilum",
        "authorship": "(L.f.) Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum aragonense",
        "authorship": "Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum caucasicum",
        "authorship": "Biehler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum cristatum",
        "authorship": "(L.) Schreb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum cylindricum var. pectinatum",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Hornem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum imbricatum",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum intermedium",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb. ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum muricatum",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum pectinatum",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum pectiniforme",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum puberulum",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum pumilum",
        "authorship": "L.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Zeia cristata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lunell"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agropyron_cristatum"
  },
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  },
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
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    "regions": [
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        "code": "EGY",
        "name": "Egypt",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CTA",
        "name": "Chita",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRQ",
        "name": "Iraq",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHQ",
        "name": "Qinghai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 103,
    "n_annotated": 498,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      5,
      57,
      36,
      4,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      18,
      13,
      10,
      21,
      26,
      105,
      92,
      80,
      48,
      42,
      35,
      8
    ],
    "share": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0.1923,
      0.5429,
      0.3913,
      0.05,
      0.0208,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0,
        0.1759
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.2281
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.2775
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.1546
      ],
      [
        0.0851,
        0.3788
      ],
      [
        0.4477,
        0.6349
      ],
      [
        0.2979,
        0.4935
      ],
      [
        0.0196,
        0.1216
      ],
      [
        0.0037,
        0.109
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.0838
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.0989
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.3244
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 6,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 323,
      "by_month": [
        16,
        9,
        5,
        15,
        13,
        37,
        50,
        69,
        42,
        37,
        23,
        7
      ],
      "share": [
        0.8889,
        0.6923,
        0.5,
        0.7143,
        0.5,
        0.3524,
        0.5435,
        0.8625,
        0.875,
        0.881,
        0.6571,
        0.875
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.672,
          0.969
        ],
        [
          0.4237,
          0.8732
        ],
        [
          0.2366,
          0.7634
        ],
        [
          0.5004,
          0.8619
        ],
        [
          0.3206,
          0.6794
        ],
        [
          0.2677,
          0.4475
        ],
        [
          0.442,
          0.6415
        ],
        [
          0.7703,
          0.9215
        ],
        [
          0.753,
          0.9414
        ],
        [
          0.75,
          0.9481
        ],
        [
          0.4915,
          0.7917
        ],
        [
          0.5291,
          0.9776
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 1
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 0.7,
      "median": 7.1,
      "p95": 11.8
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 755.8,
      "median": 934.3,
      "p95": 1309.3
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 22,
      "median": 26.5,
      "p95": 31.5
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -21.9,
      "median": -9.7,
      "p95": -2.2
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 275.3,
      "median": 432.8,
      "p95": 704.5
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 17.5,
      "median": 38.9,
      "p95": 84.2
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 20.9,
      "median": 55.2,
      "p95": 125.6
    },
    "n": 2077,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2077 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/agropyron-cristatum/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}