Aconitum firmumRchb.

WFO wfo-0000517247 Accepted WFO 2026-06 4 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–d · 3 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 3 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Aconitum firmum, photographed by kalopsia
fig. a kalopsia, CC BY 4.0 / 2019-08-17 / obs. 50008527
Aconitum firmum, photographed by Jens-Christian Svenning
fig. b Jens-Christian Svenning, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 45452220
Aconitum firmum, photographed by Jens-Christian Svenning
fig. c Jens-Christian Svenning, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 45309068
Aconitum firmum, photographed by kalopsia
fig. d kalopsia, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 50008255

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 9 botanical countries

Regions where Aconitum firmum is native: Austria, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, Germany, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, Ukraine AustriaBulgariaCentral European RussiaCzechia-SlovakiaGermanyNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaUkraine
Native distribution of Aconitum firmum, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Austria AUT EUROPE
Bulgaria BUL
Central European Russia RUC
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
Germany GER
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
Ukraine UKR

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Also published as 30 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Aconitum acutum Rchb.
  • Aconitum firmum var. maninense Skalický
  • Aconitum fissurae Nyár.
  • Aconitum flerovii Steinb.
  • Aconitum hians Host
  • Aconitum hunyadense Degen
  • Aconitum koelleanum var. firmum (Rchb.) Rchb.
  • Aconitum napellus f. abnorme Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus f. babiogorense Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus f. carpaticum Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus f. latisectum Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus f. puberulum Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus f. subfissum Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus f. subtatrense Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus f. vestitum Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. firmum (Rchb.) Gáyer
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. fissurae Seitz
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. fissurae (Nyár.) W.Seitz
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. skerisorae (Gáyer) W.Seitz
  • Aconitum napellus var. babiogorense Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus var. firmum (Rchb.) Pawł.
  • Aconitum napellus var. racemosum Regel
  • Aconitum napellus var. silesiacum Zapał.
  • Aconitum napellus var. subtatrense Zapał.

and 6 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.