Achyranthes asperaL.

Chaff-flowerCrocus stuffCrokars staffDevil's horsewhipPrickly Chaff Flowerdevil's horsewhip

WFO wfo-0000516177 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Achyranthes aspera, photographed by 雲一百香果
fig. a 雲一百香果, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-05 / obs. 203431575

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
The New York Botanical Garden
Accession
02099885
Filed as
Achyranthes aspera L.
Det. by
T. A. Zanoni 2014-01-01
Collected
B. M. Boom 2008-02-04
Origin
BQ
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 132 botanical countries

Regions where Achyranthes aspera is native: Algeria, Angola, Azores, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Djibouti, DR Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Réunion, Rwanda, Selvagens, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Iran, Kazan-retto, Lebanon-Syria, Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-shoto, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Yemen, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maldives, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, Greece, Italy, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Florida, Mexico Southeast, Caroline Is., Gilbert Is., Line Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Nauru, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Tokelau-Manihiki, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Leeward Is., Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is. AlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkinaBurundiCameroonCape ProvincesCentral African RepublicChadDjiboutiDR CongoEgyptEritreaEswatiniEthiopiaGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaKwaZulu-NatalLesothoLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaNorthern ProvincesRwandaSelvagensSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSudan-South SudanTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaWestern SaharaZambiaZimbabweAfghanistanChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanIranLebanon-SyriaOmanPalestineSaudi ArabiaTaiwanYemenAssamBangladeshBismarck ArchipelagoBorneoCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MalayaMalukuMyanmarNepalNew GuineaPakistanPhilippinesSolomon Is.Sri LankaSulawesiSumateraThailandVietnamNorthern TerritoryQueenslandWestern AustraliaGreeceItalySiciliaSpainFloridaMexico SoutheastBelizeColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominican RepublicGuatemalaHaitiPuerto RicoTrinidad-TobagoVenezuela AzoresCanary Is.Cape VerdeMadeiraRéunionNansei-shotoAndaman Is.Christmas I.Laccadive Is.MaldivesNicobar Is.South China SeaSardegnaCaroline Is.Line Is.MarianasMarshall Is.NauruPitcairn Is.SamoaSociety Is.Tokelau-ManihikiTuamotuTubuai Is.TuvaluLeeward Is.Windward Is.
Native distribution of Achyranthes aspera, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Algeria ALG AFRICA
Angola ANG
Azores AZO
Benin BEN
Botswana BOT
Burkina BKN
Burundi BUR
Cameroon CMN
Canary Is. CNY
Cape Provinces CPP
Cape Verde CVI
Central African Republic CAF
Chad CHA
Djibouti DJI
DR Congo ZAI
Egypt EGY
Eritrea ERI
Eswatini SWZ
Ethiopia ETH
Gambia GAM
Ghana GHA
Guinea GUI
Guinea-Bissau GNB
Kenya KEN
KwaZulu-Natal NAT
Lesotho LES
Liberia LBR
Madagascar MDG
Madeira MDR
Malawi MLW
Mali MLI
Mauritania MTN
Morocco MOR
Mozambique MOZ
Namibia NAM
Niger NGR
Nigeria NGA
Northern Provinces TVL
Réunion REU
Rwanda RWA
Selvagens SEL
Senegal SEN
Sierra Leone SIE
Socotra SOC
Somalia SOM
Sudan-South Sudan SUD
Tanzania TAN
Togo TOG
Tunisia TUN
Uganda UGA
Western Sahara WSA
Zambia ZAM
Zimbabwe ZIM
Andaman Is. AND ASIA-TROPICAL
Assam ASS
Bangladesh BAN
Bismarck Archipelago BIS
Borneo BOR
Cambodia CBD
Christmas I. XMS
Cocos (Keeling) Is. CKI
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laccadive Is. LDV
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Malaya MLY
Maldives MDV
Maluku MOL
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
New Guinea NWG
Nicobar Is. NCB
Pakistan PAK
Philippines PHI
Solomon Is. SOL
South China Sea SCS
Sri Lanka SRL
Sulawesi SUL
Sumatera SUM
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
China South-Central CHC
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Iran IRN
Kazan-retto KZN
Lebanon-Syria LBS
Nansei-shoto NNS
Ogasawara-shoto OGA
Oman OMA
Palestine PAL
Saudi Arabia SAU
Taiwan TAI
Yemen YEM
Caroline Is. CRL PACIFIC
Gilbert Is. GIL
Line Is. LIN
Marianas MRN
Marshall Is. MRS
Nauru NRU
Pitcairn Is. PIT
Samoa SAM
Society Is. SCI
Tokelau-Manihiki TOK
Tuamotu TUA
Tubuai Is. TUB
Tuvalu TUV
Belize BLZ SOUTHERN AMERICA
Colombia CLM
Costa Rica COS
Cuba CUB
Dominican Republic DOM
Guatemala GUA
Haiti HAI
Leeward Is. LEE
Puerto Rico PUE
Trinidad-Tobago TRT
Venezuela VEN
Windward Is. WIN
Greece GRC EUROPE
Italy ITA
Sardegna SAR
Sicilia SIC
Spain SPA
Northern Territory NTA AUSTRALASIA
Queensland QLD
Western Australia WAU
Florida FLA NORTHERN AMERICA
Mexico Southeast MXT

Not drawn on the map: Socotra, Kazan-retto, Ogasawara-shoto, Cocos (Keeling) Is., Gilbert Is.. We hold no public-domain boundary for these regions, so they are listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 171 in flower of 253 examined

Proportion of examined Achyranthes aspera in flower, by month
Month In flower Examined Share 95% interval
Jan 8 15 53% 30% to 75%
Feb 22 29 76% 58% to 88%
Mar 18 26 69% 50% to 84%
Apr 29 41 71% 56% to 82%
May 16 30 53% 36% to 70%
Jun 12 20 60% 39% to 78%
Jul 8 12 67% 39% to 86%
Aug 3 4 too few examined
Sep 6 10 60% 31% to 83%
Oct 17 25 68% 48% to 83%
Nov 15 22 68% 47% to 84%
Dec 17 19 89% 69% to 97%

Peak flowering in Dec. Each bar is the share of Achyranthes aspera observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 171 of 253 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. One month has fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for it. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 1,961 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 4.6 °C 13.1 °C 23.7 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 21.7 °C 28.1 °C 37.8 °C
Annual rainfall 420 mm 962 mm 2,782 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 3 mm 59 mm 253 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 1,961 research-grade observations of Achyranthes aspera that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 59 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Achyranthes acuminata E.Mey. ex Cooke & C.H.Wright
  • Achyranthes annua Dinter
  • Achyranthes argentea Lam.
  • Achyranthes argentea Thwaites
  • Achyranthes argentea var. borbonica (Willd. ex Schult.) Berhaut
  • Achyranthes argentea var. virgata (Desf. ex Poir.) Moq.
  • Achyranthes aspera f. annulosa Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera f. latifolia Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera f. robustiformis Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera f. rosea Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera f. rubella Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera f. subgrandifolia Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera f. suffruticosa Fiori
  • Achyranthes aspera var. albissima Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera var. argentea (Thwaites) Hook.f.
  • Achyranthes aspera var. argentea (Lam.) Boiss.
  • Achyranthes aspera var. aspera L.
  • Achyranthes aspera var. australis (R.Br.) Domin
  • Achyranthes aspera var. canescens (R.Br.) Drake
  • Achyranthes aspera var. nigro-olivacea Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera var. obtusifolia (Lam.) Suess.
  • Achyranthes aspera var. procera Fiori
  • Achyranthes aspera var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C.Towns.
  • Achyranthes aspera var. simplex Millsp.

and 35 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.