{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/abutilon-indicum/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "abutilon-indicum", "wfo": "wfo-0000511989", "inat_taxon_id": 157844 }, "name": { "scientific": "Abutilon indicum", "authorship": "(L.) Sweet", "genus": "Abutilon", "epithet": "indicum", "family": "Malvaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Hort. Brit. : 54 (1826)", "protologue_url": null, "common": { "preferred": "monkeybush", "english": [ "monkeybush" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Abutilon albescens", "authorship": "Miq." }, { "name": "Abutilon album", "authorship": "Hill" }, { "name": "Abutilon arborescens", "authorship": "Medik." }, { "name": "Abutilon asiaticum", "authorship": "(L.) Sweet" }, { "name": "Abutilon asiaticum var. albescens", "authorship": "(Miq.) Fosberg" }, { "name": "Abutilon asiaticum var. subasperum", "authorship": "Fosberg" }, { "name": "Abutilon asiaticum var. supraviride", "authorship": "Fosberg" }, { "name": "Abutilon badium", "authorship": "S.A.Husain & Baquar" }, { "name": "Abutilon cavaleriei", "authorship": "H.Lév." }, { "name": "Abutilon croizatianum", "authorship": "Moscoso" }, { "name": "Abutilon cunninghamii", "authorship": "Benth." }, { "name": "Abutilon cysticarpum", "authorship": "Hance" }, { "name": "Abutilon elongatum", "authorship": "Moench" }, { "name": "Abutilon frutescens", "authorship": "Medik." }, { "name": "Abutilon hirsutissimum", "authorship": "Moench" }, { "name": "Abutilon indicum var. albescens", "authorship": "(Miq.) Borss.Waalk." }, { "name": "Abutilon indicum var. asiaticum", "authorship": "(L.) Griseb." }, { "name": "Abutilon indicum var. indicum", "authorship": null }, { "name": "Abutilon indicum var. populifolium", "authorship": "(Lam.) Wight & Arn." }, { "name": "Abutilon indicum var. welwitschii", "authorship": "Baker f." }, { "name": "Abutilon leiospermum", "authorship": "Griseb." }, { "name": "Abutilon populifolium", "authorship": "(Lam.) Sweet" }, { "name": "Abutilon pubescens", "authorship": "(Cav.) Urb." }, { "name": "Abutilon subpapyraceum", "authorship": "Hochr." }, { "name": "Abutilon vesicarium", "authorship": "(Cav.) Sweet" }, { "name": "Beloere cistiflora", "authorship": "Shuttlew." }, { "name": "Sida asiatica", "authorship": "L." }, { "name": "Sida aurea", "authorship": "G.Lodd." }, { "name": "Sida coronata", "authorship": "Scop." }, { "name": "Sida eteromischos", "authorship": "Cav." }, { "name": "Sida guilleminiana", "authorship": "Steud." }, { "name": "Sida hookeri", "authorship": "D.Dietr." }, { "name": "Sida indica", "authorship": "L." }, { "name": "Sida meridionalis", "authorship": "Salisb." }, { "name": "Sida polycarpa", "authorship": "D.Dietr." }, { "name": "Sida populifolia", "authorship": "Lam." }, { "name": "Sida pubescens", "authorship": "Cav." }, { "name": "Sida vesicaria", "authorship": "Cav." } ], "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum" }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 148, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 182724189, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": 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This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "annual or shrub", "climate": "desert or dry shrubland" }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/abutilon-indicum/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }