{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/xanthium/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "xanthium"
  },
  "genus": "Xanthium",
  "family": "Asteraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/asteraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 9,
  "documented_species": 5,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium argenteum",
      "authorship": "Widder",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000078688",
      "slug": "xanthium-argenteum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium catharticum",
      "authorship": "Kunth",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087477",
      "slug": "xanthium-catharticum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium cavanillesii",
      "authorship": "Schouw ex Didr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000106686",
      "slug": "xanthium-cavanillesii",
      "photographs_found": 19,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/xanthium-cavanillesii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium orientale",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000021160",
      "slug": "xanthium-orientale",
      "photographs_found": 239,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/xanthium-orientale/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium pungens",
      "authorship": "Wallr",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000035384",
      "slug": "xanthium-pungens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium saccharatum",
      "authorship": "Wallr. & Widder",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000007117",
      "slug": "xanthium-saccharatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium spinosum",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000032434",
      "slug": "xanthium-spinosum",
      "photographs_found": 361,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/xanthium-spinosum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium strumarium",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000082132",
      "slug": "xanthium-strumarium-l",
      "photographs_found": 2929,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/xanthium-strumarium-l/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Xanthium strumarium",
      "authorship": "Lour.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000008369",
      "slug": "xanthium-strumarium-lour",
      "photographs_found": 2922,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/xanthium-strumarium-lour/"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/xanthium/"
  }
}