{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/urtica/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "urtica"
  },
  "genus": "Urtica",
  "family": "Urticaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/urticaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 72,
  "documented_species": 24,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica ardens",
      "authorship": "Link",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001226906",
      "slug": "urtica-ardens",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-ardens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica aspera",
      "authorship": "Petrie",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416524",
      "slug": "urtica-aspera",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-aspera/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica atrichocaulis",
      "authorship": "(Hand.-Mazz.) C.J.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001224075",
      "slug": "urtica-atrichocaulis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica atrovirens",
      "authorship": "Req. ex Loisel.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416522",
      "slug": "urtica-atrovirens",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica australis",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416518",
      "slug": "urtica-australis",
      "photographs_found": 38,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-australis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica ballotifolia",
      "authorship": "Wedd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416592",
      "slug": "urtica-ballotifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica berteroana",
      "authorship": "Phil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143328",
      "slug": "urtica-berteroana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica bianorii",
      "authorship": "(Knoche) Paiva",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416630",
      "slug": "urtica-bianorii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica bracteola",
      "authorship": "Charit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000049139",
      "slug": "urtica-bracteola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica bullata",
      "authorship": "Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416625",
      "slug": "urtica-bullata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica cannabina",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416626",
      "slug": "urtica-cannabina",
      "photographs_found": 180,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-cannabina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica chamaedryoides",
      "authorship": "Pursh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416652",
      "slug": "urtica-chamaedryoides",
      "photographs_found": 210,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-chamaedryoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica chengkouensis",
      "authorship": "W.T.Wang",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000044855",
      "slug": "urtica-chengkouensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica circularis",
      "authorship": "(Hicken) Sorarú",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143672",
      "slug": "urtica-circularis",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-circularis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica cypria",
      "authorship": "(H.Lindb.) Hand",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000034872",
      "slug": "urtica-cypria",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica dioica",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416616",
      "slug": "urtica-dioica",
      "photographs_found": 7895,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-dioica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica domingensis",
      "authorship": "Urb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416514",
      "slug": "urtica-domingensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica echinata",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143330",
      "slug": "urtica-echinata",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-echinata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica ferox",
      "authorship": "G.Forst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417066",
      "slug": "urtica-ferox",
      "photographs_found": 560,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-ferox/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica fissa",
      "authorship": "E.Pritz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001220572",
      "slug": "urtica-fissa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica flabellata",
      "authorship": "Kunth",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143331",
      "slug": "urtica-flabellata",
      "photographs_found": 11,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-flabellata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica fragilis",
      "authorship": "J.Thiébaut",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417093",
      "slug": "urtica-fragilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica galeopsifolia",
      "authorship": "J.Jacq. ex Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417104",
      "slug": "urtica-galeopsifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica glomerulaeflora",
      "authorship": "Steud.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143333",
      "slug": "urtica-glomerulaeflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica gracilenta",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143445",
      "slug": "urtica-gracilenta",
      "photographs_found": 13,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-gracilenta/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica gracilis",
      "authorship": "Aiton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143258",
      "slug": "urtica-gracilis",
      "photographs_found": 1532,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-gracilis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica helanshanica",
      "authorship": "W.Z.Di & W.B.Liao",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417031",
      "slug": "urtica-helanshanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica himalayensis",
      "authorship": "Kunth & C.D.Bouché",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001226907",
      "slug": "urtica-himalayensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica hyperborea",
      "authorship": "Jacquem. ex Wedd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001224082",
      "slug": "urtica-hyperborea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica incisa",
      "authorship": "Poir.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417057",
      "slug": "urtica-incisa",
      "photographs_found": 82,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-incisa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica kioviensis",
      "authorship": "Rogow.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417182",
      "slug": "urtica-kioviensis",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-kioviensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica lalibertadensis",
      "authorship": "Weigend",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000744951",
      "slug": "urtica-lalibertadensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica laurifolia",
      "authorship": "Poir.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417169",
      "slug": "urtica-laurifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica leptophylla",
      "authorship": "Kunth",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417164",
      "slug": "urtica-leptophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica lilloi",
      "authorship": "(Hauman) Geltman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143719",
      "slug": "urtica-lilloi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica lobata",
      "authorship": "E.Mey. ex Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417147",
      "slug": "urtica-lobata",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-lobata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica macbridei",
      "authorship": "Killip",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143334",
      "slug": "urtica-macbridei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica magellanica",
      "authorship": "Juss. ex Poir.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417178",
      "slug": "urtica-magellanica",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-magellanica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica mairei",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001226903",
      "slug": "urtica-mairei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica malipoensis",
      "authorship": "W.T.Wang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001339948",
      "slug": "urtica-malipoensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica masafuerae",
      "authorship": "Phil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143335",
      "slug": "urtica-masafuerae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica massaica",
      "authorship": "Mildbr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143650",
      "slug": "urtica-massaica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica membranacea",
      "authorship": "Poir. ex Savigny",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417113",
      "slug": "urtica-membranacea",
      "photographs_found": 300,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-membranacea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica membranifolia",
      "authorship": "C.J.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417118",
      "slug": "urtica-membranifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica mexicana",
      "authorship": "Liebm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143336",
      "slug": "urtica-mexicana",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica morifolia",
      "authorship": "Poir.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417137",
      "slug": "urtica-morifolia",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-morifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica neubaueri",
      "authorship": "Chrtek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417131",
      "slug": "urtica-neubaueri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica oblongata",
      "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch ex Maly",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000417122",
      "slug": "urtica-oblongata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica papuana",
      "authorship": "Zandee",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416913",
      "slug": "urtica-papuana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica parviflora",
      "authorship": "Roxb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143267",
      "slug": "urtica-parviflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica perconfusa",
      "authorship": "Grosse-Veldm. & Weigend",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001346989",
      "slug": "urtica-perconfusa",
      "photographs_found": 55,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-perconfusa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica peruviana",
      "authorship": "Geltman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416928",
      "slug": "urtica-peruviana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica pilulifera",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416926",
      "slug": "urtica-pilulifera",
      "photographs_found": 113,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-pilulifera/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica platyphylla",
      "authorship": "Wedd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143536",
      "slug": "urtica-platyphylla",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica portosanctana",
      "authorship": "Press",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416918",
      "slug": "urtica-portosanctana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica praetermissa",
      "authorship": "V.W.Steinm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001277658",
      "slug": "urtica-praetermissa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica pseudomagellanica",
      "authorship": "Geltman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143718",
      "slug": "urtica-pseudomagellanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica rubricaulis",
      "authorship": "Span.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416855",
      "slug": "urtica-rubricaulis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica rupestris",
      "authorship": "Guss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416847",
      "slug": "urtica-rupestris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica sansibarica",
      "authorship": "Engl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416868",
      "slug": "urtica-sansibarica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica simensis",
      "authorship": "Hochst. ex A.Rich.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416876",
      "slug": "urtica-simensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica spathulata",
      "authorship": "Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143671",
      "slug": "urtica-spathulata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica spirealis",
      "authorship": "Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001239273",
      "slug": "urtica-spirealis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica stachyoides",
      "authorship": "Webb & Berthel.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001249426",
      "slug": "urtica-stachyoides",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica subincisa",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143341",
      "slug": "urtica-subincisa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica sykesii",
      "authorship": "Grosse-Veldm. & Weigend",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001346988",
      "slug": "urtica-sykesii",
      "photographs_found": 222,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-sykesii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica taiwaniana",
      "authorship": "S.S.Ying",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001230576",
      "slug": "urtica-taiwaniana",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-taiwaniana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica thunbergiana",
      "authorship": "Siebold & Zucc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001226901",
      "slug": "urtica-thunbergiana",
      "photographs_found": 89,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-thunbergiana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica triangularis",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143690",
      "slug": "urtica-triangularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica trichantha",
      "authorship": "(Wedd.) Acevedo & L.E.Navas",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001143548",
      "slug": "urtica-trichantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica urens",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000416948",
      "slug": "urtica-urens",
      "photographs_found": 1653,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/urtica-urens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Urtica urentivelutina",
      "authorship": "Weigend",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000744952",
      "slug": "urtica-urentivelutina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/urtica/"
  }
}