{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/turbinicarpus/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "turbinicarpus"
  },
  "genus": "Turbinicarpus",
  "family": "Cactaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/cactaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 59,
  "documented_species": 1,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus alonsoi",
      "authorship": "Glass & S.Arias",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256570",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-alonsoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus boedekerianus",
      "authorship": "García-Mor., Gonz.-Bot., Matusz., Nitzschke & Iamonico",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001434492",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-boedekerianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus bonatzii",
      "authorship": "Gerhart Frank",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256571",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-bonatzii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus dickisoniae",
      "authorship": "(Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass & A.Hofer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001286355",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-dickisoniae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus flaviflorus",
      "authorship": "Gerhart Frank & A.B.Lau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256594",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-flaviflorus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus gielsdorfianus",
      "authorship": "(Werderm.) John & Říha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256573",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-gielsdorfianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus graminispinus",
      "authorship": "Matusz., Myšák & Jiruše",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000750230",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-graminispinus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus hoferi",
      "authorship": "Lüthy & A.B.Lau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256574",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-hoferi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus jauernigii",
      "authorship": "Gerhart Frank",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256577",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-jauernigii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus knuthianus",
      "authorship": "(Boed.) V.John & Říha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256578",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-knuthianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus laui",
      "authorship": "Glass & R.A.Foster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256579",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-laui",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus lophophoroides",
      "authorship": "(Werderm.) Buxb. & Backeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256580",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-lophophoroides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus nieblae",
      "authorship": "García-Mor., Mart.-Aval. & Bergm.Beck.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000508058",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-nieblae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus nikolae",
      "authorship": "Šnicer, Myšák, Zachar & Jiruše",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001434512",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-nikolae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus",
      "authorship": "(Backeb.) Glass & R.A.Foster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256587",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-pseudopectinatus",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus rioverdensis",
      "authorship": "Gerhart Frank",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256589",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-rioverdensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus saueri",
      "authorship": "(Boed.) John & Říha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256590",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-saueri",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus",
      "authorship": "(Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001287969",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-schmiedickeanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus schwarzii",
      "authorship": "(Shurly) Backeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000406779",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-schwarzii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus swobodae",
      "authorship": "Diers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256602",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-swobodae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus valdezianus",
      "authorship": "(H.Moeller) Glass & R.A.Foster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256603",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-valdezianus",
      "photographs_found": 23,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/turbinicarpus-valdezianus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus viereckii",
      "authorship": "(Werderm.) John & Říha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256605",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-viereckii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus ysabelae",
      "authorship": "(Schlange) V.John & Říha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001256608",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-ysabelae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × admirabilis",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415137",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-admirabilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × adronatus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415138",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-adronatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × aemulus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415139",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-aemulus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × aequalis",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415140",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-aequalis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × agatolepis",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415141",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-agatolepis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × albellus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415152",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-albellus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × amabilis",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415136",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-amabilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × amiantus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415142",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-amiantus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × amoenulus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415158",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-amoenulus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × ampliflorus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415159",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-ampliflorus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × anomalus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415160",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-anomalus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × anosmus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415161",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-anosmus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × antiquorum",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415162",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-antiquorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × ascocalyx",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415163",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-ascocalyx",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × assimilis",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415164",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-assimilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × asteroides",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415165",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-asteroides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × attenuatus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415167",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-attenuatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × azanthus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415180",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-azanthus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × bellatulus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415157",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-bellatulus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × bicolor",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415170",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-bicolor",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × brachypus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415171",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-brachypus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × callichromus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415172",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-callichromus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × calopsis",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415173",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-calopsis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × calozonus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415174",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-calozonus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × calvescens",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415175",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-calvescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × camelliflorus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415177",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-camelliflorus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × campanularis",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415178",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-campanularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × candidulus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415179",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-candidulus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × carneolus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415154",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-carneolus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × cintiae",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415169",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-cintiae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × concinnus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415168",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-concinnus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × delicatus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415146",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-delicatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × dubeniorum",
      "authorship": "Halda, Kracík & Malina",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415147",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-dubeniorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × mombergeri",
      "authorship": "Říha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001254440",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-mombergeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × pulcherrimus",
      "authorship": "Halda & Panar.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000415150",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-pulcherrimus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Turbinicarpus × roseiflorus",
      "authorship": "Backeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001286375",
      "slug": "turbinicarpus-roseiflorus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/turbinicarpus/"
  }
}