{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/torenia/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "torenia"
  },
  "genus": "Torenia",
  "family": "Linderniaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/linderniaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 69,
  "documented_species": 14,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia anagallis",
      "authorship": "(Burm.f.) Wannan, W.R.Barker & Y.S.Liang",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000007968",
      "slug": "torenia-anagallis",
      "photographs_found": 39,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-anagallis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia asiatica",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459117",
      "slug": "torenia-asiatica",
      "photographs_found": 46,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-asiatica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia benthamiana",
      "authorship": "Hance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140271",
      "slug": "torenia-benthamiana",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-benthamiana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia bicolor",
      "authorship": "Dalzell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459103",
      "slug": "torenia-bicolor",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-bicolor/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia bimaculata",
      "authorship": "Ridl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459102",
      "slug": "torenia-bimaculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia biniflora",
      "authorship": "T.L.Chin & D.Y.Hong",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140252",
      "slug": "torenia-biniflora",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-biniflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia blancoi",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001253873",
      "slug": "torenia-blancoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia burttiana",
      "authorship": "R.R.Mill",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459132",
      "slug": "torenia-burttiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia caelestis",
      "authorship": "Ridl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459131",
      "slug": "torenia-caelestis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia cambodgiana",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459129",
      "slug": "torenia-cambodgiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia celebica",
      "authorship": "T.Yamaz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459125",
      "slug": "torenia-celebica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia chevalieri",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459124",
      "slug": "torenia-chevalieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia ciliaris",
      "authorship": "Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459118",
      "slug": "torenia-ciliaris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia concolor",
      "authorship": "Lindl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140275",
      "slug": "torenia-concolor",
      "photographs_found": 173,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-concolor/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia cordata",
      "authorship": "(Griff.) N.M.Dutta",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459120",
      "slug": "torenia-cordata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia cordifolia",
      "authorship": "Roxb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140274",
      "slug": "torenia-cordifolia",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia courtallensis",
      "authorship": "Gamble",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458770",
      "slug": "torenia-courtallensis",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia crenata",
      "authorship": "(Pennell) Pennell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001273580",
      "slug": "torenia-crenata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia crustacea",
      "authorship": "(L.) Cham. & Schltdl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458830",
      "slug": "torenia-crustacea",
      "photographs_found": 747,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-crustacea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia cyanea",
      "authorship": "Alston",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458515",
      "slug": "torenia-cyanea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia cyrtandriflora",
      "authorship": "B.L.Burtt",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458514",
      "slug": "torenia-cyrtandriflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia daubyi",
      "authorship": "Eb.Fisch. & O.Lachenaud",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001336982",
      "slug": "torenia-daubyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia davidii",
      "authorship": "Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338043",
      "slug": "torenia-davidii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia dictyophora",
      "authorship": "(P.C.Tsoong) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338044",
      "slug": "torenia-dictyophora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia diffusa",
      "authorship": "D.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458513",
      "slug": "torenia-diffusa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia dinklagei",
      "authorship": "Engl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001139237",
      "slug": "torenia-dinklagei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia flava",
      "authorship": "Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140253",
      "slug": "torenia-flava",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-flava/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia fordii",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140272",
      "slug": "torenia-fordii",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia fournieri",
      "authorship": "Linden ex E.Fourn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458503",
      "slug": "torenia-fournieri",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-fournieri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia godefroyi",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458507",
      "slug": "torenia-godefroyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia grandiflora",
      "authorship": "(Merr.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001425578",
      "slug": "torenia-grandiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia hayatae",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458528",
      "slug": "torenia-hayatae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia hirsuta",
      "authorship": "Willd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458524",
      "slug": "torenia-hirsuta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia hirsutissima",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458525",
      "slug": "torenia-hirsutissima",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia hookeri",
      "authorship": "(C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.) A.Pal & M.Chowdhury",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000031101",
      "slug": "torenia-hookeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia indica",
      "authorship": "C.J.Saldanha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458520",
      "slug": "torenia-indica",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-indica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia javanica",
      "authorship": "T.Yamaz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458518",
      "slug": "torenia-javanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia kinmenensis",
      "authorship": "(Y.S.Liang, Chih H.Chen & J.L.Tsai) Y.S.Liang & J.C.Wang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001356727",
      "slug": "torenia-kinmenensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia laotica",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458506",
      "slug": "torenia-laotica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia leucosiphon",
      "authorship": "Alston",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458480",
      "slug": "torenia-leucosiphon",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-leucosiphon/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia maculata",
      "authorship": "(Bonati) Y.F.Deng",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000025073",
      "slug": "torenia-maculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia mannii",
      "authorship": "Skan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458474",
      "slug": "torenia-mannii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia molluginoides",
      "authorship": "(Benth.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000048442",
      "slug": "torenia-molluginoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia oblonga",
      "authorship": "(Benth.) Hance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228693",
      "slug": "torenia-oblonga",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-oblonga/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia patens",
      "authorship": "Pennell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458493",
      "slug": "torenia-patens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia perennans",
      "authorship": "(T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338045",
      "slug": "torenia-perennans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia philcoxii",
      "authorship": "Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338046",
      "slug": "torenia-philcoxii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia pierreana",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458491",
      "slug": "torenia-pierreana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia pierreanoides",
      "authorship": "(T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338047",
      "slug": "torenia-pierreanoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia poilanei",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458490",
      "slug": "torenia-poilanei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia polygonoides",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140297",
      "slug": "torenia-polygonoides",
      "photographs_found": 39,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-polygonoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia pterogona",
      "authorship": "(T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338048",
      "slug": "torenia-pterogona",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia ranongensis",
      "authorship": "T.Yamaz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458568",
      "slug": "torenia-ranongensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia scandens",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458560",
      "slug": "torenia-scandens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia siamensis",
      "authorship": "T.Yamaz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458557",
      "slug": "torenia-siamensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia siliguriensis",
      "authorship": "A.Pal & M.Chowdhury",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000029295",
      "slug": "torenia-siliguriensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia silvicola",
      "authorship": "A.Raynal",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458556",
      "slug": "torenia-silvicola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia spathacea",
      "authorship": "(Bonati) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338049",
      "slug": "torenia-spathacea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia stolonifera",
      "authorship": "Bojer ex Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001138524",
      "slug": "torenia-stolonifera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia subconnivens",
      "authorship": "(Philcox) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338050",
      "slug": "torenia-subconnivens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia taishanensis",
      "authorship": "(F.Z.Li) Y.S.Liang & J.C.Wang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001356728",
      "slug": "torenia-taishanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia thailandica",
      "authorship": "T.Yamaz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458563",
      "slug": "torenia-thailandica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia thorelii",
      "authorship": "Bonati",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458588",
      "slug": "torenia-thorelii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia thouarsii",
      "authorship": "(Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458587",
      "slug": "torenia-thouarsii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia travancorica",
      "authorship": "Gamble",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458585",
      "slug": "torenia-travancorica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia udawnensis",
      "authorship": "(T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338051",
      "slug": "torenia-udawnensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia umbellata",
      "authorship": "(T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001338052",
      "slug": "torenia-umbellata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia vientianica",
      "authorship": "T.Yamaz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000458590",
      "slug": "torenia-vientianica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Torenia violacea",
      "authorship": "(Azaola) Pennell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140273",
      "slug": "torenia-violacea",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/torenia-violacea/"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/torenia/"
  }
}