{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/tinospora/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "tinospora"
  },
  "genus": "Tinospora",
  "family": "Menispermaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/menispermaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 32,
  "documented_species": 5,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora arfakiana",
      "authorship": "Becc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456717",
      "slug": "tinospora-arfakiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora baenzigeri",
      "authorship": "Forman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456716",
      "slug": "tinospora-baenzigeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora bakis",
      "authorship": "(A.Rich.) Miers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456715",
      "slug": "tinospora-bakis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora celebica",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456702",
      "slug": "tinospora-celebica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora cordifolia",
      "authorship": "(Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001083821",
      "slug": "tinospora-cordifolia",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/tinospora-cordifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora crispa",
      "authorship": "(L.) Hook.f. & Thomson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228223",
      "slug": "tinospora-crispa",
      "photographs_found": 27,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/tinospora-crispa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora dissitiflora",
      "authorship": "(K.Schum. & Lauterb.) Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456674",
      "slug": "tinospora-dissitiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora esiangkara",
      "authorship": "(F.M.Bailey) Forman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000508046",
      "slug": "tinospora-esiangkara",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora formanii",
      "authorship": "Udayan & Pradeep",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000744922",
      "slug": "tinospora-formanii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora fragosa",
      "authorship": "(I.Verd.) I.Verd. & Troupin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001083864",
      "slug": "tinospora-fragosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora glabra",
      "authorship": "(Burm.f.) Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456665",
      "slug": "tinospora-glabra",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora glandulosa",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456664",
      "slug": "tinospora-glandulosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora guangxiensis",
      "authorship": "H.S.Lo",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228217",
      "slug": "tinospora-guangxiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora hainanensis",
      "authorship": "H.S.Lo & Z.X.Li",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228215",
      "slug": "tinospora-hainanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora hirsuta",
      "authorship": "(Becc.) Forman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456691",
      "slug": "tinospora-hirsuta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora homosepala",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456690",
      "slug": "tinospora-homosepala",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora macrocarpa",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456675",
      "slug": "tinospora-macrocarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora maqsoodiana",
      "authorship": "Mujaffar, Moinudd. & Mustakim",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001340195",
      "slug": "tinospora-maqsoodiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora merrilliana",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456682",
      "slug": "tinospora-merrilliana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora neocaledonica",
      "authorship": "Forman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456677",
      "slug": "tinospora-neocaledonica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora nudiflora",
      "authorship": "(Griff.) Kurz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456711",
      "slug": "tinospora-nudiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora orophila",
      "authorship": "Troupin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456540",
      "slug": "tinospora-orophila",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora palminervis",
      "authorship": "Miers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456539",
      "slug": "tinospora-palminervis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora siamensis",
      "authorship": "Forman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456530",
      "slug": "tinospora-siamensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora sinensis",
      "authorship": "(Lour.) Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001083980",
      "slug": "tinospora-sinensis",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/tinospora-sinensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora smilacina",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456529",
      "slug": "tinospora-smilacina",
      "photographs_found": 109,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/tinospora-smilacina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora subcordata",
      "authorship": "(Miq.) Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456527",
      "slug": "tinospora-subcordata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora sumatrana",
      "authorship": "Becc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456526",
      "slug": "tinospora-sumatrana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora tenera",
      "authorship": "Miers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001083865",
      "slug": "tinospora-tenera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora teysmannii",
      "authorship": "Boerl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456531",
      "slug": "tinospora-teysmannii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora tinosporoides",
      "authorship": "(F.Muell.) Forman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456557",
      "slug": "tinospora-tinosporoides",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/tinospora-tinosporoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Tinospora trilobata",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000456554",
      "slug": "tinospora-trilobata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/tinospora/"
  }
}