{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/spergularia/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "spergularia"
  },
  "genus": "Spergularia",
  "family": "Caryophyllaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/caryophyllaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 53,
  "documented_species": 15,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia aberrans",
      "authorship": "I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291764",
      "slug": "spergularia-aberrans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia andina",
      "authorship": "Rohrb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291409",
      "slug": "spergularia-andina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia arbuscula",
      "authorship": "(Gay) I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436449",
      "slug": "spergularia-arbuscula",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-arbuscula/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia atrosperma",
      "authorship": "R.Rossbach",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291410",
      "slug": "spergularia-atrosperma",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia australis",
      "authorship": "(Samp.) Ratter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436453",
      "slug": "spergularia-australis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia azorica",
      "authorship": "Lebel",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436454",
      "slug": "spergularia-azorica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia bocconei",
      "authorship": "(Scheele) Graebn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000433735",
      "slug": "spergularia-bocconei",
      "photographs_found": 44,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-bocconei/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia bracteata",
      "authorship": "(B.L.Rob.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001240470",
      "slug": "spergularia-bracteata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia canadensis",
      "authorship": "(Pers.) G.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291567",
      "slug": "spergularia-canadensis",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-canadensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia capillacea",
      "authorship": "(Kindb.) Willk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436436",
      "slug": "spergularia-capillacea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia cerviana",
      "authorship": "G.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291765",
      "slug": "spergularia-cerviana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia collina",
      "authorship": "I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291411",
      "slug": "spergularia-collina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia confertiflora",
      "authorship": "Steud.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291310",
      "slug": "spergularia-confertiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia congestifolia",
      "authorship": "I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291412",
      "slug": "spergularia-congestifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia cremnophila",
      "authorship": "I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291413",
      "slug": "spergularia-cremnophila",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia denticulata",
      "authorship": "Phil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291766",
      "slug": "spergularia-denticulata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia depauperata",
      "authorship": "(Naudin) Rohrb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436481",
      "slug": "spergularia-depauperata",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-depauperata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia diandra",
      "authorship": "(Guss.) Heldr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436482",
      "slug": "spergularia-diandra",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia echinosperma",
      "authorship": "(Celak.) Asch. & Graebn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436460",
      "slug": "spergularia-echinosperma",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia fasiculata",
      "authorship": "Phil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291767",
      "slug": "spergularia-fasiculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia fimbriata",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Reut.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436459",
      "slug": "spergularia-fimbriata",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-fimbriata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia flaccida",
      "authorship": "(Madden) I.M.Turner",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001281186",
      "slug": "spergularia-flaccida",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-flaccida/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia floribunda",
      "authorship": "(Gay) Rohrb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291414",
      "slug": "spergularia-floribunda",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia grandis",
      "authorship": "(Pers.) Cambess.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291416",
      "slug": "spergularia-grandis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia hanoverensis",
      "authorship": "E.Simon ex M.Á.Alonso, M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mucina",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000051651",
      "slug": "spergularia-hanoverensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia heldreichii",
      "authorship": "Foucaud ex E.Simon & Monnier",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439961",
      "slug": "spergularia-heldreichii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia lycia",
      "authorship": "Monnier & Quézel",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439986",
      "slug": "spergularia-lycia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia macrorrhiza",
      "authorship": "(Req. ex Loisel.) Heynh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436408",
      "slug": "spergularia-macrorrhiza",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia macrotheca",
      "authorship": "(Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Heynh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436399",
      "slug": "spergularia-macrotheca",
      "photographs_found": 86,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-macrotheca/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia manicata",
      "authorship": "(Skottsb.) Kool & Thulin",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000079207",
      "slug": "spergularia-manicata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia marina",
      "authorship": "(L.) Besser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439925",
      "slug": "spergularia-marina",
      "photographs_found": 401,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-marina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia massafuerana",
      "authorship": "Skottsb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291768",
      "slug": "spergularia-massafuerana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia media",
      "authorship": "(L.) C.Presl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439919",
      "slug": "spergularia-media",
      "photographs_found": 287,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-media/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia microsperma",
      "authorship": "(Kindb.) Vved.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001292267",
      "slug": "spergularia-microsperma",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia nicaeensis",
      "authorship": "Sarato ex Burnat",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436402",
      "slug": "spergularia-nicaeensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia pazensis",
      "authorship": "(Rusby) R.Rossbach",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291933",
      "slug": "spergularia-pazensis",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-pazensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia pissisii",
      "authorship": "(Phil.) I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291769",
      "slug": "spergularia-pissisii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia platensis",
      "authorship": "(Cambess.) Fenzl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291419",
      "slug": "spergularia-platensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia purpurea",
      "authorship": "(Pers.) G.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436388",
      "slug": "spergularia-purpurea",
      "photographs_found": 18,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-purpurea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia pycnantha",
      "authorship": "R.Rossbach",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291770",
      "slug": "spergularia-pycnantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia pycnorrhiza",
      "authorship": "Foucaud ex Batt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436389",
      "slug": "spergularia-pycnorrhiza",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia ramosa",
      "authorship": "Cambess.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001292387",
      "slug": "spergularia-ramosa",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-ramosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia rubra",
      "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436420",
      "slug": "spergularia-rubra",
      "photographs_found": 911,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-rubra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia rupestris",
      "authorship": "Cambess.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291420",
      "slug": "spergularia-rupestris",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia rupicola",
      "authorship": "Lebel ex Le Jol.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436425",
      "slug": "spergularia-rupicola",
      "photographs_found": 20,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-rupicola/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia segetalis",
      "authorship": "(L.) G.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436424",
      "slug": "spergularia-segetalis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia sparsiflora",
      "authorship": "A.Nelson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001035726",
      "slug": "spergularia-sparsiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia sperguloides",
      "authorship": "(Lehm.) Heynh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001292270",
      "slug": "spergularia-sperguloides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia spruceana",
      "authorship": "R.Rossbach",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001292400",
      "slug": "spergularia-spruceana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia squarrosa",
      "authorship": "Muschl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291421",
      "slug": "spergularia-squarrosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia stenocarpa",
      "authorship": "(Phil.) I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436414",
      "slug": "spergularia-stenocarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia tangerina",
      "authorship": "P.Monnier",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000436418",
      "slug": "spergularia-tangerina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Spergularia villosa",
      "authorship": "(Pers.) Cambess.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001291422",
      "slug": "spergularia-villosa",
      "photographs_found": 28,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spergularia-villosa/"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/spergularia/"
  }
}