{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/sparganium/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "sparganium"
  },
  "genus": "Sparganium",
  "family": "Typhaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/typhaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 26,
  "documented_species": 12,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium americanum",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553757",
      "slug": "sparganium-americanum",
      "photographs_found": 103,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-americanum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium androcladum",
      "authorship": "(Engelm.) Morong",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553776",
      "slug": "sparganium-androcladum",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-androcladum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium angustifolium",
      "authorship": "Michx.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553790",
      "slug": "sparganium-angustifolium",
      "photographs_found": 58,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-angustifolium/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium confertum",
      "authorship": "Y.D.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553838",
      "slug": "sparganium-confertum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium emersum",
      "authorship": "Rehmann",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553858",
      "slug": "sparganium-emersum",
      "photographs_found": 293,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-emersum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium erectum",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553880",
      "slug": "sparganium-erectum",
      "photographs_found": 406,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-erectum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium eurycarpum",
      "authorship": "Engelm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553910",
      "slug": "sparganium-eurycarpum",
      "photographs_found": 297,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-eurycarpum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium fallax",
      "authorship": "Graebn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553923",
      "slug": "sparganium-fallax",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-fallax/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium fluctuans",
      "authorship": "(Engelm.) B.L.Rob.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553929",
      "slug": "sparganium-fluctuans",
      "photographs_found": 34,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-fluctuans/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium glomeratum",
      "authorship": "(Laest. ex Beurl.) Beurl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553944",
      "slug": "sparganium-glomeratum",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-glomeratum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium gramineum",
      "authorship": "Georgi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553956",
      "slug": "sparganium-gramineum",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium hyperboreum",
      "authorship": "Laest. ex Beurl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553962",
      "slug": "sparganium-hyperboreum",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-hyperboreum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium japonicum",
      "authorship": "Rothert",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553967",
      "slug": "sparganium-japonicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium kawakamii",
      "authorship": "H.Hara",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553969",
      "slug": "sparganium-kawakamii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium limosum",
      "authorship": "Y.D.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553979",
      "slug": "sparganium-limosum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium natans",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554024",
      "slug": "sparganium-natans",
      "photographs_found": 61,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-natans/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium polyedrum",
      "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001140442",
      "slug": "sparganium-polyedrum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium rothertii",
      "authorship": "Tzvelev",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554121",
      "slug": "sparganium-rothertii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium stoloniferum",
      "authorship": "(Buch.-Ham. ex Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554193",
      "slug": "sparganium-stoloniferum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium subglobosum",
      "authorship": "Morong",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554198",
      "slug": "sparganium-subglobosum",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sparganium-subglobosum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium yunnanense",
      "authorship": "Y.D.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554227",
      "slug": "sparganium-yunnanense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium × longifolium",
      "authorship": "Turcz. ex Ledeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000553981",
      "slug": "sparganium-longifolium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium × oligocarpon",
      "authorship": "Ångstr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554049",
      "slug": "sparganium-oligocarpon",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium × probatovae",
      "authorship": "Tzvelev",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554053",
      "slug": "sparganium-probatovae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium × speirocephalum",
      "authorship": "Neuman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554183",
      "slug": "sparganium-speirocephalum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sparganium × splendens",
      "authorship": "Meinsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000554187",
      "slug": "sparganium-splendens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/sparganium/"
  }
}