{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/scorzonera/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "scorzonera"
  },
  "genus": "Scorzonera",
  "family": "Asteraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/asteraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 74,
  "documented_species": 14,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera acanthoclada",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000025186",
      "slug": "scorzonera-acanthoclada",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera aksekiensis",
      "authorship": "A.Duran & M.Öztürk",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337927",
      "slug": "scorzonera-aksekiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera alaica",
      "authorship": "Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000063647",
      "slug": "scorzonera-alaica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera alba",
      "authorship": "R.R.Stewart",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000058620",
      "slug": "scorzonera-alba",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera albertoregelia",
      "authorship": "C.Winkl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000139296",
      "slug": "scorzonera-albertoregelia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera albicaulis",
      "authorship": "Bunge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000095772",
      "slug": "scorzonera-albicaulis",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera alpigena",
      "authorship": "(K.Koch) Grossh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066465",
      "slug": "scorzonera-alpigena",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera amasiana",
      "authorship": "Hausskn. & Bornm. ex Bornm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000115340",
      "slug": "scorzonera-amasiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera angustifolia",
      "authorship": "Asso",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000029055",
      "slug": "scorzonera-angustifolia-asso",
      "photographs_found": 24,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-angustifolia-asso/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera angustifolia",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000081016",
      "slug": "scorzonera-angustifolia-l",
      "photographs_found": 24,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-angustifolia-l/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera aragatzii",
      "authorship": "Kuth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000070441",
      "slug": "scorzonera-aragatzii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera argyrea",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000064558",
      "slug": "scorzonera-argyrea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera aristata",
      "authorship": "Ramond ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000040995",
      "slug": "scorzonera-aristata",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-aristata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera armeniaca",
      "authorship": "(Boiss. & A.Huet) Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000130628",
      "slug": "scorzonera-armeniaca",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera baldschuanica",
      "authorship": "Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000054868",
      "slug": "scorzonera-baldschuanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera baldshuanica",
      "authorship": "Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087661",
      "slug": "scorzonera-baldshuanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera baluchistanica",
      "authorship": "R.Mehdi & R.Abid",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000054869",
      "slug": "scorzonera-baluchistanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera bracteosa",
      "authorship": "C.Winkl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000004766",
      "slug": "scorzonera-bracteosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera bungei",
      "authorship": "Krasch. & Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000120036",
      "slug": "scorzonera-bungei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera cana",
      "authorship": "(C.A.Mey.) Griseb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000129314",
      "slug": "scorzonera-cana",
      "photographs_found": 60,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-cana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera crassifolia",
      "authorship": "Krasch. & Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000014168",
      "slug": "scorzonera-crassifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera fischeriana",
      "authorship": "Krasch. & Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000083646",
      "slug": "scorzonera-fischeriana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera franchetii",
      "authorship": "Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000095709",
      "slug": "scorzonera-franchetii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera glabra",
      "authorship": "Rupr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000050616",
      "slug": "scorzonera-glabra",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-glabra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera graminifolia",
      "authorship": "Tausch ex Nyman",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000043284",
      "slug": "scorzonera-graminifolia-tausch-ex-nyman",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera graminifolia",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000051998",
      "slug": "scorzonera-graminifolia-l",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera grigoraschvilii",
      "authorship": "(Sosn.) Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000118894",
      "slug": "scorzonera-grigoraschvilii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera grossheimii",
      "authorship": "Lipsch. & Vassilcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000135492",
      "slug": "scorzonera-grossheimii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera hieraciifolia",
      "authorship": "Hayek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000023424",
      "slug": "scorzonera-hieraciifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera humilis",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000078770",
      "slug": "scorzonera-humilis",
      "photographs_found": 119,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-humilis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera idae",
      "authorship": "(Sosn.) Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000054870",
      "slug": "scorzonera-idae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera iliensis",
      "authorship": "Krasch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000033132",
      "slug": "scorzonera-iliensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera ispahanica",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000076901",
      "slug": "scorzonera-ispahanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera kandavanica",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000029341",
      "slug": "scorzonera-kandavanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera karataviensis",
      "authorship": "Kult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000029144",
      "slug": "scorzonera-karataviensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera kirpicznikovii",
      "authorship": "Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000073883",
      "slug": "scorzonera-kirpicznikovii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera kozlowskyi",
      "authorship": "Sosn. ex Grossh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000136689",
      "slug": "scorzonera-kozlowskyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera kuhistanica",
      "authorship": "Popov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000085120",
      "slug": "scorzonera-kuhistanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera lachnostegia",
      "authorship": "(Woronow) Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000130672",
      "slug": "scorzonera-lachnostegia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera laciniata",
      "authorship": "Jacq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000089937",
      "slug": "scorzonera-laciniata-jacq",
      "photographs_found": 161,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-laciniata-jacq/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera laciniata",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000112224",
      "slug": "scorzonera-laciniata-l",
      "photographs_found": 161,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-laciniata-l/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera latifolia",
      "authorship": "(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000062339",
      "slug": "scorzonera-latifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera lindbergii",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000091237",
      "slug": "scorzonera-lindbergii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera lipschizii",
      "authorship": "(Kuth.) Czerep.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000091878",
      "slug": "scorzonera-lipschizii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera lipskyi",
      "authorship": "Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000073332",
      "slug": "scorzonera-lipskyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera longifolia",
      "authorship": "(Emb. & Maire) Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000053724",
      "slug": "scorzonera-longifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera luntaiensis",
      "authorship": "C.Shih",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000121445",
      "slug": "scorzonera-luntaiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera luristanica",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000029147",
      "slug": "scorzonera-luristanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera manshurica",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000038606",
      "slug": "scorzonera-manshurica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera meshhedensis",
      "authorship": "(Rech.f.) Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000032166",
      "slug": "scorzonera-meshhedensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera meyeri",
      "authorship": "(K.Koch) Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000008311",
      "slug": "scorzonera-meyeri",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera parviflora",
      "authorship": "Jacq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000075029",
      "slug": "scorzonera-parviflora",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-parviflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera persepolitana",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000035354",
      "slug": "scorzonera-persepolitana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera petrovii",
      "authorship": "Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000092924",
      "slug": "scorzonera-petrovii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera phaeopappa",
      "authorship": "(Boiss.) Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000085033",
      "slug": "scorzonera-phaeopappa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera purpurea",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000128688",
      "slug": "scorzonera-purpurea",
      "photographs_found": 128,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-purpurea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera racemosa",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000002397",
      "slug": "scorzonera-racemosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera radiata",
      "authorship": "Fisch. ex Ledeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000042418",
      "slug": "scorzonera-radiata-fisch-ex-ledeb",
      "photographs_found": 36,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-radiata-fisch-ex-ledeb/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera radiata",
      "authorship": "Fisch. ex Fisch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000091306",
      "slug": "scorzonera-radiata-fisch-ex-fisch",
      "photographs_found": 36,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-radiata-fisch-ex-fisch/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera radicosa",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000060835",
      "slug": "scorzonera-radicosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera renzii",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000027275",
      "slug": "scorzonera-renzii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera rosea",
      "authorship": "Waldst. & Kit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000135658",
      "slug": "scorzonera-rosea",
      "photographs_found": 39,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-rosea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera rupicola",
      "authorship": "Hausskn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000114686",
      "slug": "scorzonera-rupicola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera schischkinii",
      "authorship": "Lipsch. & Vassilcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000010774",
      "slug": "scorzonera-schischkinii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera schweinfurthii",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000059508",
      "slug": "scorzonera-schweinfurthii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera sericeolanata",
      "authorship": "(Bunge) Krasch. & Lipsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000086831",
      "slug": "scorzonera-sericeolanata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera sinensis",
      "authorship": "Lipsch. & Krasch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000035031",
      "slug": "scorzonera-sinensis",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scorzonera-sinensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera songorica",
      "authorship": "(Kar. & Kir.) Lipsch. & Vassilcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130745",
      "slug": "scorzonera-songorica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera tragopogonoides",
      "authorship": "Regel & Schmalh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000018895",
      "slug": "scorzonera-tragopogonoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera transiliensis",
      "authorship": "Popov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000004525",
      "slug": "scorzonera-transiliensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera turkestanica",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000129971",
      "slug": "scorzonera-turkestanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera usbekistanica",
      "authorship": "Czevr. & Bondarenko",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000040369",
      "slug": "scorzonera-usbekistanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera verrucosa",
      "authorship": "(Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000119765",
      "slug": "scorzonera-verrucosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scorzonera virgata",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000079076",
      "slug": "scorzonera-virgata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/scorzonera/"
  }
}