{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/scabiosa/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "scabiosa"
  },
  "genus": "Scabiosa",
  "family": "Caprifoliaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/caprifoliaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 65,
  "documented_species": 17,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa adzharica",
      "authorship": "Schchian",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000496692",
      "slug": "scabiosa-adzharica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa africana",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046395",
      "slug": "scabiosa-africana",
      "photographs_found": 94,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-africana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa albanensis",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046410",
      "slug": "scabiosa-albanensis",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-albanensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa andryalifolia",
      "authorship": "(Pau) Devesa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001348491",
      "slug": "scabiosa-andryalifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa andryifolia",
      "authorship": "(Pau) Devesa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000496666",
      "slug": "scabiosa-andryifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa angustiloba",
      "authorship": "(Sond.) B.L.Burtt ex Hutch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046396",
      "slug": "scabiosa-angustiloba",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa arenaria",
      "authorship": "Forssk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500199",
      "slug": "scabiosa-arenaria",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa atropurpurea",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500186",
      "slug": "scabiosa-atropurpurea",
      "photographs_found": 742,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-atropurpurea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa austroafricana",
      "authorship": "Heine",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046414",
      "slug": "scabiosa-austroafricana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa balcanica",
      "authorship": "(Velen.) Velen.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500174",
      "slug": "scabiosa-balcanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa beauverdiana",
      "authorship": "Palez.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500329",
      "slug": "scabiosa-beauverdiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa bipinnata",
      "authorship": "K.Koch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500335",
      "slug": "scabiosa-bipinnata",
      "photographs_found": 24,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-bipinnata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa buekiana",
      "authorship": "Eckl. & Zeyh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046412",
      "slug": "scabiosa-buekiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa canescens",
      "authorship": "Waldst. & Kit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500364",
      "slug": "scabiosa-canescens",
      "photographs_found": 63,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-canescens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa cartenniana",
      "authorship": "A.Pons & Quézel",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500368",
      "slug": "scabiosa-cartenniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa cephalarioides",
      "authorship": "Lojac.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500363",
      "slug": "scabiosa-cephalarioides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa cinerea",
      "authorship": "Lapeyr. ex Lam.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500355",
      "slug": "scabiosa-cinerea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa colchica",
      "authorship": "Steven",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500353",
      "slug": "scabiosa-colchica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa columbaria",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500277",
      "slug": "scabiosa-columbaria",
      "photographs_found": 859,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-columbaria/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa comosa",
      "authorship": "Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046403",
      "slug": "scabiosa-comosa",
      "photographs_found": 42,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-comosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa correvoniana",
      "authorship": "Sommier & Levier",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500265",
      "slug": "scabiosa-correvoniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa corsica",
      "authorship": "(Litard.) Gamisans",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500273",
      "slug": "scabiosa-corsica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa daucoides",
      "authorship": "Desf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001035450",
      "slug": "scabiosa-daucoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa drakensbergensis",
      "authorship": "B.L.Burtt",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046415",
      "slug": "scabiosa-drakensbergensis",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa eremophila",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000499992",
      "slug": "scabiosa-eremophila",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa farinosa",
      "authorship": "Coss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500004",
      "slug": "scabiosa-farinosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa fumarioides",
      "authorship": "Vis. & Pancic",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000499977",
      "slug": "scabiosa-fumarioides",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-fumarioides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa galianoi",
      "authorship": "Devesa, Ortega Oliv. & J.López",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001328977",
      "slug": "scabiosa-galianoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa georgica",
      "authorship": "Sulak.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000499981",
      "slug": "scabiosa-georgica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa holosericea",
      "authorship": "Bertol.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000499933",
      "slug": "scabiosa-holosericea",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa imeretica",
      "authorship": "Sulak.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000499943",
      "slug": "scabiosa-imeretica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa incisa",
      "authorship": "Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046416",
      "slug": "scabiosa-incisa",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-incisa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa japonica",
      "authorship": "Miq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046397",
      "slug": "scabiosa-japonica",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-japonica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa jezoensis",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000499962",
      "slug": "scabiosa-jezoensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa lacerifolia",
      "authorship": "Hayata",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046455",
      "slug": "scabiosa-lacerifolia",
      "photographs_found": 20,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-lacerifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa lachnophylla",
      "authorship": "Kitag.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046435",
      "slug": "scabiosa-lachnophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa libyca",
      "authorship": "Alavi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500114",
      "slug": "scabiosa-libyca",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa lucida",
      "authorship": "Vill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500124",
      "slug": "scabiosa-lucida",
      "photographs_found": 138,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-lucida/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa meskhetica",
      "authorship": "Schchian",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500144",
      "slug": "scabiosa-meskhetica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa mollissima",
      "authorship": "Viv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500131",
      "slug": "scabiosa-mollissima",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa nitens",
      "authorship": "Roem. & Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500094",
      "slug": "scabiosa-nitens",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa ochroleuca",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500056",
      "slug": "scabiosa-ochroleuca",
      "photographs_found": 786,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-ochroleuca/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa owerinii",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500039",
      "slug": "scabiosa-owerinii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa paphlagonica",
      "authorship": "Bornm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500045",
      "slug": "scabiosa-paphlagonica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa parielii",
      "authorship": "Maire",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500047",
      "slug": "scabiosa-parielii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa parviflora",
      "authorship": "Desf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500069",
      "slug": "scabiosa-parviflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa praemontana",
      "authorship": "Privalova",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500065",
      "slug": "scabiosa-praemontana",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa pyrenaica",
      "authorship": "All.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500704",
      "slug": "scabiosa-pyrenaica",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-pyrenaica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa semipapposa",
      "authorship": "Salzm. ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500725",
      "slug": "scabiosa-semipapposa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa silenifolia",
      "authorship": "Waldst. & Kit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500709",
      "slug": "scabiosa-silenifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa solymica",
      "authorship": "(Parolly, Eren & Nordt) Göktürk",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001334666",
      "slug": "scabiosa-solymica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa sosnowskyi",
      "authorship": "Sulak.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500712",
      "slug": "scabiosa-sosnowskyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa taygetea",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Heldr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500661",
      "slug": "scabiosa-taygetea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa tenuis",
      "authorship": "Spruner ex Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500669",
      "slug": "scabiosa-tenuis",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-tenuis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa tenuisecta",
      "authorship": "Jord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500670",
      "slug": "scabiosa-tenuisecta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa thysdrusiana",
      "authorship": "Le Houér.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500674",
      "slug": "scabiosa-thysdrusiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa transvaalensis",
      "authorship": "S.Moore",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046417",
      "slug": "scabiosa-transvaalensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa triandra",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500658",
      "slug": "scabiosa-triandra",
      "photographs_found": 58,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-triandra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa triniifolia",
      "authorship": "Friv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500806",
      "slug": "scabiosa-triniifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa turolensis",
      "authorship": "Pau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500812",
      "slug": "scabiosa-turolensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa tysonii",
      "authorship": "L.Bolus",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001046418",
      "slug": "scabiosa-tysonii",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/scabiosa-tysonii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa velenovskiana",
      "authorship": "Bobrov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500813",
      "slug": "scabiosa-velenovskiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa vestina",
      "authorship": "Facchini ex W.D.J.Koch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500834",
      "slug": "scabiosa-vestina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa webbiana",
      "authorship": "D.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500837",
      "slug": "scabiosa-webbiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Scabiosa × lucidula",
      "authorship": "Beck",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000500097",
      "slug": "scabiosa-lucidula",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/scabiosa/"
  }
}