{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/sambucus/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "sambucus"
  },
  "genus": "Sambucus",
  "family": "Viburnaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/viburnaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 23,
  "documented_species": 15,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus adnata",
      "authorship": "Wall. ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001290932",
      "slug": "sambucus-adnata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus africana",
      "authorship": "Standl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439364",
      "slug": "sambucus-africana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus australasica",
      "authorship": "(Lindl.) Fritsch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001225488",
      "slug": "sambucus-australasica",
      "photographs_found": 44,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-australasica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus australis",
      "authorship": "Cham. & Schltdl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001290843",
      "slug": "sambucus-australis",
      "photographs_found": 52,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-australis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus canadensis",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439346",
      "slug": "sambucus-canadensis",
      "photographs_found": 3610,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-canadensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus cerulea",
      "authorship": "Raf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001290659",
      "slug": "sambucus-cerulea",
      "photographs_found": 2672,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-cerulea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus ebulus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439387",
      "slug": "sambucus-ebulus",
      "photographs_found": 779,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-ebulus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus gaudichaudiana",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439370",
      "slug": "sambucus-gaudichaudiana",
      "photographs_found": 56,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-gaudichaudiana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus javanica",
      "authorship": "Reinw. ex Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001241267",
      "slug": "sambucus-javanica",
      "photographs_found": 142,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-javanica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus kamtschatica",
      "authorship": "E.L.Wolf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439322",
      "slug": "sambucus-kamtschatica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus lanceolata",
      "authorship": "R.Br.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439312",
      "slug": "sambucus-lanceolata",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-lanceolata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus mexicana",
      "authorship": "C.Presl ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439311",
      "slug": "sambucus-mexicana",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-mexicana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus nigra",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439308",
      "slug": "sambucus-nigra",
      "photographs_found": 4723,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-nigra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus palmensis",
      "authorship": "Link",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439339",
      "slug": "sambucus-palmensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus pendula",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439329",
      "slug": "sambucus-pendula",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus peruviana",
      "authorship": "Kunth",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001290690",
      "slug": "sambucus-peruviana",
      "photographs_found": 33,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-peruviana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus racemosa",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000439333",
      "slug": "sambucus-racemosa",
      "photographs_found": 5219,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-racemosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus sibirica",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000438433",
      "slug": "sambucus-sibirica",
      "photographs_found": 417,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-sibirica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus sieboldiana",
      "authorship": "(Miq.) Graebn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001042054",
      "slug": "sambucus-sieboldiana",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-sieboldiana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus tigranii",
      "authorship": "Troitsky",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000507918",
      "slug": "sambucus-tigranii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus wightiana",
      "authorship": "Wall. ex Wight & Arn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001221626",
      "slug": "sambucus-wightiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus williamsii",
      "authorship": "Hance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001290841",
      "slug": "sambucus-williamsii",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sambucus-williamsii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Sambucus × strumpfii",
      "authorship": "Gutte",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000507916",
      "slug": "sambucus-strumpfii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/sambucus/"
  }
}