{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/rhamnus/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rhamnus"
  },
  "genus": "Rhamnus",
  "family": "Rhamnaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/rhamnaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 149,
  "documented_species": 31,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus alaternus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462513",
      "slug": "rhamnus-alaternus",
      "photographs_found": 708,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-alaternus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus alnifolia",
      "authorship": "L'Hér.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462511",
      "slug": "rhamnus-alnifolia",
      "photographs_found": 192,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-alnifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus alpina",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462508",
      "slug": "rhamnus-alpina",
      "photographs_found": 47,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-alpina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus arguta",
      "authorship": "Maxim.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131270",
      "slug": "rhamnus-arguta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus arnottiana",
      "authorship": "Gardner ex Thwaites",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462441",
      "slug": "rhamnus-arnottiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus aurea",
      "authorship": "Heppeler",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131419",
      "slug": "rhamnus-aurea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus baldschuanica",
      "authorship": "Grubov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462432",
      "slug": "rhamnus-baldschuanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus biglandulosa",
      "authorship": "Sessé & Moc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001231073",
      "slug": "rhamnus-biglandulosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus blumeri",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130933",
      "slug": "rhamnus-blumeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus bodinieri",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131413",
      "slug": "rhamnus-bodinieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus brachypoda",
      "authorship": "C.Y.Wu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131451",
      "slug": "rhamnus-brachypoda",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus bungeana",
      "authorship": "J.J.Vassil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131274",
      "slug": "rhamnus-bungeana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus calcicola",
      "authorship": "Q.H.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001270571",
      "slug": "rhamnus-calcicola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus calderoniae",
      "authorship": "R.Fernández",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462458",
      "slug": "rhamnus-calderoniae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus cathartica",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460239",
      "slug": "rhamnus-cathartica",
      "photographs_found": 3047,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus collettii",
      "authorship": "Bhandari & Bhansali",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460256",
      "slug": "rhamnus-collettii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus cordata",
      "authorship": "Medwedew",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460269",
      "slug": "rhamnus-cordata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus coriophylla",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131437",
      "slug": "rhamnus-coriophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus cornifolia",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Hohen.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460268",
      "slug": "rhamnus-cornifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus costata",
      "authorship": "Maxim.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460262",
      "slug": "rhamnus-costata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus crenulata",
      "authorship": "Aiton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460246",
      "slug": "rhamnus-crenulata",
      "photographs_found": 19,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-crenulata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus crocea",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130939",
      "slug": "rhamnus-crocea",
      "photographs_found": 1254,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-crocea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus dalianensis",
      "authorship": "S.Y.Li & Z.H.Ning",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131271",
      "slug": "rhamnus-dalianensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus daliensis",
      "authorship": "G.S.Fan & L.L.Deng",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001241214",
      "slug": "rhamnus-daliensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus davurica",
      "authorship": "Pall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460252",
      "slug": "rhamnus-davurica",
      "photographs_found": 19,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-davurica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus depressa",
      "authorship": "Grubov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131284",
      "slug": "rhamnus-depressa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus diffusa",
      "authorship": "Clos",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130903",
      "slug": "rhamnus-diffusa",
      "photographs_found": 11,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-diffusa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus disperma",
      "authorship": "Ehrenb. ex Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460182",
      "slug": "rhamnus-disperma",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus dolichophylla",
      "authorship": "Gontsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460192",
      "slug": "rhamnus-dolichophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus dumetorum",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131472",
      "slug": "rhamnus-dumetorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus erythroxylon",
      "authorship": "Pall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460178",
      "slug": "rhamnus-erythroxylon",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus erythroxylum",
      "authorship": "Pall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131286",
      "slug": "rhamnus-erythroxylum",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-erythroxylum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus esquirolii",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131421",
      "slug": "rhamnus-esquirolii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus fallax",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460195",
      "slug": "rhamnus-fallax",
      "photographs_found": 26,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-fallax/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus flavescens",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131344",
      "slug": "rhamnus-flavescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus formosana",
      "authorship": "Matsum.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131416",
      "slug": "rhamnus-formosana",
      "photographs_found": 50,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-formosana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus fulvo-tincta",
      "authorship": "F.P.Metcalf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131452",
      "slug": "rhamnus-fulvo-tincta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus gilgiana",
      "authorship": "Heppeler",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131458",
      "slug": "rhamnus-gilgiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus glandulosa",
      "authorship": "Aiton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460211",
      "slug": "rhamnus-glandulosa",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-glandulosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus glaucophylla",
      "authorship": "Sommier",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460198",
      "slug": "rhamnus-glaucophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus globosa",
      "authorship": "Bunge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131272",
      "slug": "rhamnus-globosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus grandiflora",
      "authorship": "C.Y.Wu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131447",
      "slug": "rhamnus-grandiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus grubovii",
      "authorship": "I.M.Turner",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001341008",
      "slug": "rhamnus-grubovii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus hainanensis",
      "authorship": "Merr. & Chun",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131418",
      "slug": "rhamnus-hainanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus hemsleyana",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131396",
      "slug": "rhamnus-hemsleyana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus heterophylla",
      "authorship": "Oliv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131406",
      "slug": "rhamnus-heterophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus hirtella",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000461898",
      "slug": "rhamnus-hirtella",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus hupehensis",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131440",
      "slug": "rhamnus-hupehensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus imeretina",
      "authorship": "Booth, Petz. & G.Kirchn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131287",
      "slug": "rhamnus-imeretina",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-imeretina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus infectoria",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462486",
      "slug": "rhamnus-infectoria",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus integrifolia",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462491",
      "slug": "rhamnus-integrifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus intermedia",
      "authorship": "Steud. & Hochst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462492",
      "slug": "rhamnus-intermedia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus ishidae",
      "authorship": "Miyabe & Kudô",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462494",
      "slug": "rhamnus-ishidae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus iteinophylla",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131468",
      "slug": "rhamnus-iteinophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus japonica",
      "authorship": "Maxim.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001227108",
      "slug": "rhamnus-japonica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus javanica",
      "authorship": "Miq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000462519",
      "slug": "rhamnus-javanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus kanagusukii",
      "authorship": "Makino",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000461834",
      "slug": "rhamnus-kanagusukii",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-kanagusukii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus kayacikii",
      "authorship": "Yalt. & P.H.Davis",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000461822",
      "slug": "rhamnus-kayacikii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus kurdica",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Hohen.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000461817",
      "slug": "rhamnus-kurdica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus kwangsiensis",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000461818",
      "slug": "rhamnus-kwangsiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus lamprophylla",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131436",
      "slug": "rhamnus-lamprophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus lanceolata",
      "authorship": "Pursh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130941",
      "slug": "rhamnus-lanceolata",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-lanceolata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus laoshanensis",
      "authorship": "D.K.Zang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001253787",
      "slug": "rhamnus-laoshanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus ledermannii",
      "authorship": "Lauterb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000461840",
      "slug": "rhamnus-ledermannii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus leptacantha",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131420",
      "slug": "rhamnus-leptacantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus leptophylla",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131469",
      "slug": "rhamnus-leptophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus libanotica",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460327",
      "slug": "rhamnus-libanotica",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus liboensis",
      "authorship": "Y.F.Deng",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001334522",
      "slug": "rhamnus-liboensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus liukiuensis",
      "authorship": "(E.H.Wilson) Koidz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131448",
      "slug": "rhamnus-liukiuensis",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-liukiuensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus lojaconoi",
      "authorship": "Raimondo",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460329",
      "slug": "rhamnus-lojaconoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus longistyla",
      "authorship": "C.B.Wolf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131317",
      "slug": "rhamnus-longistyla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris",
      "authorship": "Chodat",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460321",
      "slug": "rhamnus-ludovici-salvatoris",
      "photographs_found": 13,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-ludovici-salvatoris/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus lycioides",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460322",
      "slug": "rhamnus-lycioides",
      "photographs_found": 47,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-lycioides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus maximovicziana",
      "authorship": "J.J.Vassil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131426",
      "slug": "rhamnus-maximovicziana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus microcarpa",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131289",
      "slug": "rhamnus-microcarpa",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus mildbraedii",
      "authorship": "Engl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460335",
      "slug": "rhamnus-mildbraedii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus minnanensis",
      "authorship": "K.M.Li",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460341",
      "slug": "rhamnus-minnanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus mollis",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460338",
      "slug": "rhamnus-mollis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus mongolica",
      "authorship": "Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000464722",
      "slug": "rhamnus-mongolica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus myrtifolia",
      "authorship": "Willk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460315",
      "slug": "rhamnus-myrtifolia",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-myrtifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus nakaharae",
      "authorship": "(Hayata) Hayata",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131430",
      "slug": "rhamnus-nakaharae",
      "photographs_found": 28,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-nakaharae/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus napalensis",
      "authorship": "(Wall.) M.A.Lawson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131431",
      "slug": "rhamnus-napalensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus nigrescens",
      "authorship": "Lauterb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460286",
      "slug": "rhamnus-nigrescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus nigricans",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131428",
      "slug": "rhamnus-nigricans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus ninglangensis",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001281513",
      "slug": "rhamnus-ninglangensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus nitida",
      "authorship": "P.H.Davis",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460271",
      "slug": "rhamnus-nitida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus oleoides",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460308",
      "slug": "rhamnus-oleoides",
      "photographs_found": 72,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-oleoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus orbiculata",
      "authorship": "Bornm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460305",
      "slug": "rhamnus-orbiculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus pallasii",
      "authorship": "Fisch. & C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131291",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pallasii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus papuana",
      "authorship": "Lauterb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460299",
      "slug": "rhamnus-papuana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus parvifolia",
      "authorship": "Bunge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131293",
      "slug": "rhamnus-parvifolia",
      "photographs_found": 19,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-parvifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus pentapomica",
      "authorship": "R.Parker",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001284978",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pentapomica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus persica",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001284979",
      "slug": "rhamnus-persica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus persicifolia",
      "authorship": "Moris",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460056",
      "slug": "rhamnus-persicifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus petiolaris",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Balansa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460042",
      "slug": "rhamnus-petiolaris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus philippinensis",
      "authorship": "C.B.Rob.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460049",
      "slug": "rhamnus-philippinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus pichleri",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460054",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pichleri",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-pichleri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus pilushanensis",
      "authorship": "Y.C.Liu & C.M.Wang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000750116",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pilushanensis",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-pilushanensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus prinoides",
      "authorship": "L'Hér.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460040",
      "slug": "rhamnus-prinoides",
      "photographs_found": 230,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-prinoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus procumbens",
      "authorship": "Edgew.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130883",
      "slug": "rhamnus-procumbens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus prunifolia",
      "authorship": "Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460061",
      "slug": "rhamnus-prunifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus pulogensis",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460083",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pulogensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus pumila",
      "authorship": "Turra",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460078",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pumila",
      "photographs_found": 31,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-pumila/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus punctata",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460079",
      "slug": "rhamnus-punctata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus purandharensis",
      "authorship": "Bhandari & Bhansali",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460080",
      "slug": "rhamnus-purandharensis",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-purandharensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus purpurea",
      "authorship": "Edgew.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131275",
      "slug": "rhamnus-purpurea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus pyrella",
      "authorship": "O.Schwarz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460075",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pyrella",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus qianweiensis",
      "authorship": "Z.Y.Zhu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460058",
      "slug": "rhamnus-qianweiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus rhodopea",
      "authorship": "Velen.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460292",
      "slug": "rhamnus-rhodopea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus rosei",
      "authorship": "M.C.Johnst. & L.A.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001243901",
      "slug": "rhamnus-rosei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus rosthornii",
      "authorship": "E.Pritz. ex Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131422",
      "slug": "rhamnus-rosthornii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus rugulosa",
      "authorship": "Hemsl. ex F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131441",
      "slug": "rhamnus-rugulosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus sargentiana",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131403",
      "slug": "rhamnus-sargentiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus saxatilis",
      "authorship": "Jacq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000459995",
      "slug": "rhamnus-saxatilis",
      "photographs_found": 43,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-saxatilis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus schlechteri",
      "authorship": "Lauterb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460012",
      "slug": "rhamnus-schlechteri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus scopulorum",
      "authorship": "(M.E.Jones) C.B.Wolf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001251444",
      "slug": "rhamnus-scopulorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus seravschanica",
      "authorship": "(Kom.) Kamelin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460030",
      "slug": "rhamnus-seravschanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus serpyllacea",
      "authorship": "Greuter & Burdet",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460023",
      "slug": "rhamnus-serpyllacea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus serrata",
      "authorship": "Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131241",
      "slug": "rhamnus-serrata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus sibthorpiana",
      "authorship": "Roem. & Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460015",
      "slug": "rhamnus-sibthorpiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus smithii",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130943",
      "slug": "rhamnus-smithii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus songorica",
      "authorship": "Gontsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131295",
      "slug": "rhamnus-songorica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus spathulifolia",
      "authorship": "Fisch. & C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460002",
      "slug": "rhamnus-spathulifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus staddo",
      "authorship": "A.Rich.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460142",
      "slug": "rhamnus-staddo",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus standleyana",
      "authorship": "C.B.Wolf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131315",
      "slug": "rhamnus-standleyana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus subapetala",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131435",
      "slug": "rhamnus-subapetala",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus sumatrensis",
      "authorship": "Ridl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460138",
      "slug": "rhamnus-sumatrensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus sumbawana",
      "authorship": "Lauterb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460121",
      "slug": "rhamnus-sumbawana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus tangutica",
      "authorship": "J.J.Vassil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131476",
      "slug": "rhamnus-tangutica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus taquetii",
      "authorship": "(H.Lév. & Vaniot) H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000989975",
      "slug": "rhamnus-taquetii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus thymifolia",
      "authorship": "Bornm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460126",
      "slug": "rhamnus-thymifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus tonkinensis",
      "authorship": "Pit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460162",
      "slug": "rhamnus-tonkinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus tortuosa",
      "authorship": "Sommier & Levier",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131297",
      "slug": "rhamnus-tortuosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus triquetra",
      "authorship": "Wall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001284975",
      "slug": "rhamnus-triquetra",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus tzekweiensis",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131417",
      "slug": "rhamnus-tzekweiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus ussuriensis",
      "authorship": "J.J.Vassil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131298",
      "slug": "rhamnus-ussuriensis",
      "photographs_found": 25,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-ussuriensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus utilis",
      "authorship": "Decne.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131236",
      "slug": "rhamnus-utilis",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-utilis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus velutina",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460098",
      "slug": "rhamnus-velutina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus virgata",
      "authorship": "Roxb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131393",
      "slug": "rhamnus-virgata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus wendtii",
      "authorship": "Ishiki",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001225636",
      "slug": "rhamnus-wendtii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus wightii",
      "authorship": "Wight & Arn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460089",
      "slug": "rhamnus-wightii",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rhamnus-wightii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus wilsonii",
      "authorship": "C.K.Schneid.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131342",
      "slug": "rhamnus-wilsonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus wumingensis",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131450",
      "slug": "rhamnus-wumingensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus xizangensis",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001131415",
      "slug": "rhamnus-xizangensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus yoshinoi",
      "authorship": "Makino",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001251664",
      "slug": "rhamnus-yoshinoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus × bermejoi",
      "authorship": "P.Fraga & Rosselló",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000510158",
      "slug": "rhamnus-bermejoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus × gayeri",
      "authorship": "Kárpáti ex Soó",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460215",
      "slug": "rhamnus-gayeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus × pissjaukovae",
      "authorship": "O.A.Popova",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000510161",
      "slug": "rhamnus-pissjaukovae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rhamnus × woloszczakii",
      "authorship": "Kárpáti",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000460092",
      "slug": "rhamnus-woloszczakii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/rhamnus/"
  }
}