{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/rauvolfia/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rauvolfia"
  },
  "genus": "Rauvolfia",
  "family": "Apocynaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/apocynaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 76,
  "documented_species": 6,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia afra",
      "authorship": "Sond.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295012",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-afra",
      "photographs_found": 105,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rauvolfia-afra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia amsoniifolia",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000294992",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-amsoniifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia andina",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000294993",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-andina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia anomala",
      "authorship": "Rapini & I.Koch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000920503",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-anomala",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia aphlebia",
      "authorship": "(Standl.) A.H.Gentry",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000294995",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-aphlebia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia atlantica",
      "authorship": "Emygdio",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001317434",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-atlantica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia bahiensis",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000294997",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-bahiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia balansae",
      "authorship": "(Baill.) Boiteau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000294998",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-balansae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia biauriculata",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295004",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-biauriculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia cambodiana",
      "authorship": "Pierre ex Pit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295013",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-cambodiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia capixabae",
      "authorship": "I.Koch & Kin.-Gouv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000836698",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-capixabae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia capuronii",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295015",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-capuronii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia chaudocensis",
      "authorship": "Pierre ex Pit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295018",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-chaudocensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia cortdata",
      "authorship": "Miers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001072585",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-cortdata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia cubana",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295025",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-cubana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia decurva",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295027",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-decurva",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia dichotoma",
      "authorship": "K.Schum.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295032",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-dichotoma",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia gracilis",
      "authorship": "I.Koch & Kin.-Gouv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000836636",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-gracilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia grandiflora",
      "authorship": "Mart. ex A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295042",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-grandiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia hookeri",
      "authorship": "S.R.Sriniv. & Chithra",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295047",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-hookeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia insularis",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295051",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-insularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia javanica",
      "authorship": "Koord. & Valeton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295054",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-javanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia kamarora",
      "authorship": "Hendrian",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295056",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-kamarora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia leptophylla",
      "authorship": "A.S.Rao",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295064",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-leptophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia letouzeyi",
      "authorship": "Leeuwenb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295067",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-letouzeyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia ligustrina",
      "authorship": "Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295070",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-ligustrina",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia linearifolia",
      "authorship": "Britton & P.Wilson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295071",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-linearifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia littoralis",
      "authorship": "Rusby",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295073",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-littoralis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia macrantha",
      "authorship": "K.Schum. ex Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000624350",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-macrantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia mannii",
      "authorship": "Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295086",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-mannii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia mattfeldiana",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295087",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-mattfeldiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia maxima",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295090",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-maxima",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia media",
      "authorship": "Pichon",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295092",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-media",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia micrantha",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295095",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-micrantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia microcarpa",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295096",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-microcarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia moluccana",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295102",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-moluccana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia mombasiana",
      "authorship": "Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295103",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-mombasiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia moricandii",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295105",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-moricandii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia nana",
      "authorship": "E.A.Bruce",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295107",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-nana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia nitida",
      "authorship": "Jacq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295110",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-nitida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia nukuhivensis",
      "authorship": "(Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000922482",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-nukuhivensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia obtusiflora",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295116",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-obtusiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia oligantha",
      "authorship": "Hendrian",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295123",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-oligantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia pachyphylla",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295129",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-pachyphylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia paraensis",
      "authorship": "Ducke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295131",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-paraensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia paucifolia",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295135",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-paucifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia pentaphylla",
      "authorship": "Ducke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295137",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-pentaphylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia polyphylla",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295140",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-polyphylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia praecox",
      "authorship": "K.Schum. ex Ule",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295141",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-praecox",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia pruinosifolia",
      "authorship": "I.Koch & Kin.-Gouv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000836699",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-pruinosifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia purpurascens",
      "authorship": "Standl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295147",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-purpurascens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia rhonhofiae",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295150",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-rhonhofiae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia rivularis",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295151",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-rivularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia rostrata",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295153",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-rostrata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia sachetiae",
      "authorship": "Fosberg",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295154",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-sachetiae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia salicifolia",
      "authorship": "Griseb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295156",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-salicifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia sanctorum",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295161",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-sanctorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia sandwicensis",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295162",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-sandwicensis",
      "photographs_found": 18,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rauvolfia-sandwicensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia schuelii",
      "authorship": "Speg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295164",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-schuelii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia sellowii",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295169",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-sellowii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia semperflorens",
      "authorship": "(Müll.Arg.) Schltr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295170",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-semperflorens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia serpentina",
      "authorship": "Benth. ex Kurz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295174",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-serpentina",
      "photographs_found": 24,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rauvolfia-serpentina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia sevenetii",
      "authorship": "Boiteau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295177",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-sevenetii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia spathulata",
      "authorship": "Boiteau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295178",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-spathulata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia sprucei",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295181",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-sprucei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia steyermarkii",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295183",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-steyermarkii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia sumatrana",
      "authorship": "Jack",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295190",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-sumatrana",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rauvolfia-sumatrana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia tetraphylla",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295195",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-tetraphylla",
      "photographs_found": 106,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rauvolfia-tetraphylla/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia tiaolushanensis",
      "authorship": "Tsiang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295196",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-tiaolushanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia verticillata",
      "authorship": "(Lour.) Baill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295201",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-verticillata",
      "photographs_found": 18,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rauvolfia-verticillata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia viridis",
      "authorship": "Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295207",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-viridis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia volkensii",
      "authorship": "Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295212",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-volkensii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia vomitoria",
      "authorship": "Wennberg",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295213",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-vomitoria",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia weddeliana",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295214",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-weddeliana",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia woodsoniana",
      "authorship": "Standl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295216",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-woodsoniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Rauvolfia × ivanovii",
      "authorship": "M.M.Granda & V.R.Fuentes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000295052",
      "slug": "rauvolfia-ivanovii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/rauvolfia/"
  }
}