{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/parnassia/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "parnassia"
  },
  "genus": "Parnassia",
  "family": "Celastraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/celastraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 56,
  "documented_species": 11,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia alpicola",
      "authorship": "Makino",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480780",
      "slug": "parnassia-alpicola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia amoena",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001220584",
      "slug": "parnassia-amoena",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia asarifolia",
      "authorship": "Vent.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135399",
      "slug": "parnassia-asarifolia",
      "photographs_found": 37,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-asarifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia bifolia",
      "authorship": "Nekr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135966",
      "slug": "parnassia-bifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia cabulica",
      "authorship": "Planch. ex C.B.Clarke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480773",
      "slug": "parnassia-cabulica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia cacuminum",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228067",
      "slug": "parnassia-cacuminum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia caroliniana",
      "authorship": "Michx.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135555",
      "slug": "parnassia-caroliniana",
      "photographs_found": 34,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-caroliniana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia chinensis",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228055",
      "slug": "parnassia-chinensis",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia cirrata",
      "authorship": "Piper",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135556",
      "slug": "parnassia-cirrata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia cooperi",
      "authorship": "W.E.Evans",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136486",
      "slug": "parnassia-cooperi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia crassifolia",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228058",
      "slug": "parnassia-crassifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia davidii",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228092",
      "slug": "parnassia-davidii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia delavayi",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136524",
      "slug": "parnassia-delavayi",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-delavayi/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia epunctulata",
      "authorship": "J.T.Pan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228059",
      "slug": "parnassia-epunctulata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia esquirolii",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136487",
      "slug": "parnassia-esquirolii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia faberi",
      "authorship": "Oliv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228049",
      "slug": "parnassia-faberi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia farreri",
      "authorship": "W.E.Evans",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136488",
      "slug": "parnassia-farreri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia filchneri",
      "authorship": "Ulbr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228061",
      "slug": "parnassia-filchneri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia fimbriata",
      "authorship": "K.D.Koenig",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135557",
      "slug": "parnassia-fimbriata",
      "photographs_found": 337,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-fimbriata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia foliosa",
      "authorship": "Hook.f. & Thomson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136024",
      "slug": "parnassia-foliosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia gansuensis",
      "authorship": "T.C.Ku",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228090",
      "slug": "parnassia-gansuensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia glauca",
      "authorship": "Raf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135374",
      "slug": "parnassia-glauca",
      "photographs_found": 256,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-glauca/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia grandifolia",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135400",
      "slug": "parnassia-grandifolia",
      "photographs_found": 84,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-grandifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia guilinensis",
      "authorship": "G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001251969",
      "slug": "parnassia-guilinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia kotzebuei",
      "authorship": "Cham. ex Spreng.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135375",
      "slug": "parnassia-kotzebuei",
      "photographs_found": 38,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-kotzebuei/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia kumaonica",
      "authorship": "Nekr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480788",
      "slug": "parnassia-kumaonica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia labiata",
      "authorship": "Z.P.Jien",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228048",
      "slug": "parnassia-labiata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia laxmannii",
      "authorship": "Pall. ex Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135724",
      "slug": "parnassia-laxmannii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia longipetala",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228039",
      "slug": "parnassia-longipetala",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia lutea",
      "authorship": "Batalin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228053",
      "slug": "parnassia-lutea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia monochorifolia",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228088",
      "slug": "parnassia-monochorifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia mysorensis",
      "authorship": "B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136491",
      "slug": "parnassia-mysorensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia noemiae",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228089",
      "slug": "parnassia-noemiae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia nubicola",
      "authorship": "Wall. ex Royle",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135401",
      "slug": "parnassia-nubicola",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-nubicola/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia obovata",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136520",
      "slug": "parnassia-obovata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia omeiensis",
      "authorship": "T.C.Ku",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228085",
      "slug": "parnassia-omeiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia oreophila",
      "authorship": "Hance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136506",
      "slug": "parnassia-oreophila",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia palustris",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000479955",
      "slug": "parnassia-palustris",
      "photographs_found": 1440,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-palustris/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia parviflora",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135376",
      "slug": "parnassia-parviflora",
      "photographs_found": 42,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-parviflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia perciliata",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001220583",
      "slug": "parnassia-perciliata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia procul",
      "authorship": "H.Turner & Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000479977",
      "slug": "parnassia-procul",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia pseudoalpicola",
      "authorship": "(Vorosch. & Makarov) A.E.Kozhevn. & Kozhevnikova",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000033721",
      "slug": "parnassia-pseudoalpicola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia pusilla",
      "authorship": "Wall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135402",
      "slug": "parnassia-pusilla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia rhombipetala",
      "authorship": "B.L.Chai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001233929",
      "slug": "parnassia-rhombipetala",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia scaposa",
      "authorship": "Mattf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001220935",
      "slug": "parnassia-scaposa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia siamensis",
      "authorship": "T.Shimizu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000479965",
      "slug": "parnassia-siamensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia simianshanensis",
      "authorship": "M.X.Ren, J.Zhang & Z.Y.Liu",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000033722",
      "slug": "parnassia-simianshanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia submysorensis",
      "authorship": "J.T.Pan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228066",
      "slug": "parnassia-submysorensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia tenella",
      "authorship": "Hook.f. & Thomson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228040",
      "slug": "parnassia-tenella",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia townsendii",
      "authorship": "B.L.Rob.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000479930",
      "slug": "parnassia-townsendii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia trinervis",
      "authorship": "Drude",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000479931",
      "slug": "parnassia-trinervis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia wightiana",
      "authorship": "Wall. ex Wight & Arn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001135403",
      "slug": "parnassia-wightiana",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/parnassia-wightiana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia xinganensis",
      "authorship": "C.Z.Gao & G.Z.Li",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228062",
      "slug": "parnassia-xinganensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia yui",
      "authorship": "Z.P.Jien",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001228056",
      "slug": "parnassia-yui",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia yunnanensis",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001136523",
      "slug": "parnassia-yunnanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Parnassia zhengyuana",
      "authorship": "M.X.Ren & J.Zhang",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000033723",
      "slug": "parnassia-zhengyuana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/parnassia/"
  }
}