{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/paeonia/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "paeonia"
  },
  "genus": "Paeonia",
  "family": "Paeoniaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/paeoniaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 42,
  "documented_species": 14,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia algeriensis",
      "authorship": "Chabert",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480525",
      "slug": "paeonia-algeriensis",
      "photographs_found": 20,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-algeriensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia anomala",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480534",
      "slug": "paeonia-anomala",
      "photographs_found": 328,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-anomala/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia archibaldii",
      "authorship": "Rukšāns",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000006110",
      "slug": "paeonia-archibaldii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia arietina",
      "authorship": "G.Anderson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480532",
      "slug": "paeonia-arietina",
      "photographs_found": 10,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-arietina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia baokangensis",
      "authorship": "Z.L.Dai & T.Hong",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480506",
      "slug": "paeonia-baokangensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia broteri",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Reut.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480520",
      "slug": "paeonia-broteri",
      "photographs_found": 52,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-broteri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia brownii",
      "authorship": "Douglas ex Hook.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480513",
      "slug": "paeonia-brownii",
      "photographs_found": 185,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-brownii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia californica",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480516",
      "slug": "paeonia-californica",
      "photographs_found": 466,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-californica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia cambessedesii",
      "authorship": "(Willk.) Willk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480517",
      "slug": "paeonia-cambessedesii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia cathayana",
      "authorship": "D.Y.Hong & K.Y.Pan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000507740",
      "slug": "paeonia-cathayana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia clusii",
      "authorship": "Stern",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480533",
      "slug": "paeonia-clusii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia coriacea",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480554",
      "slug": "paeonia-coriacea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia corsica",
      "authorship": "Sieber ex Tausch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480556",
      "slug": "paeonia-corsica",
      "photographs_found": 10,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-corsica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia daurica",
      "authorship": "Andrews",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480550",
      "slug": "paeonia-daurica",
      "photographs_found": 93,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-daurica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia decomposita",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480557",
      "slug": "paeonia-decomposita",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia delavayi",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480537",
      "slug": "paeonia-delavayi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia emodi",
      "authorship": "Royle",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480544",
      "slug": "paeonia-emodi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia intermedia",
      "authorship": "C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480454",
      "slug": "paeonia-intermedia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia jishanensis",
      "authorship": "T.Hong & W.Z.Zhao",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480458",
      "slug": "paeonia-jishanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia kesrouanensis",
      "authorship": "(J.Thiébaut) J.Thiébaut",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480460",
      "slug": "paeonia-kesrouanensis",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-kesrouanensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia lactiflora",
      "authorship": "Pall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480479",
      "slug": "paeonia-lactiflora",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-lactiflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia ludlowii",
      "authorship": "(Stern & G.Taylor) D.Y.Hong",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480487",
      "slug": "paeonia-ludlowii",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia mairei",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480484",
      "slug": "paeonia-mairei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia mascula",
      "authorship": "(L.) Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480488",
      "slug": "paeonia-mascula",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-mascula/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia obovata",
      "authorship": "Maxim.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480650",
      "slug": "paeonia-obovata",
      "photographs_found": 30,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-obovata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia officinalis",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480634",
      "slug": "paeonia-officinalis",
      "photographs_found": 31,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-officinalis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia ostii",
      "authorship": "T.Hong & J.X.Zhang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480640",
      "slug": "paeonia-ostii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia parnassica",
      "authorship": "Tzanoud.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480677",
      "slug": "paeonia-parnassica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia peregrina",
      "authorship": "Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480678",
      "slug": "paeonia-peregrina",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia qiui",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Pei & D.Y.Hong",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480685",
      "slug": "paeonia-qiui",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia rockii",
      "authorship": "(S.G.Haw & Lauener) T.Hong & J.J.Li ex D.Y.Hong",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480665",
      "slug": "paeonia-rockii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia sandrae",
      "authorship": "Camarda",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001330802",
      "slug": "paeonia-sandrae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia saueri",
      "authorship": "D.Y.Hong, Xiao Q.Wang & D.M.Zhang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000490157",
      "slug": "paeonia-saueri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia sterniana",
      "authorship": "H.R.Fletcher",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480582",
      "slug": "paeonia-sterniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia tenuifolia",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480574",
      "slug": "paeonia-tenuifolia",
      "photographs_found": 91,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/paeonia-tenuifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia veitchii",
      "authorship": "Lynch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480598",
      "slug": "paeonia-veitchii",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia wendelboi",
      "authorship": "Rukšāns & Zetterl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001339755",
      "slug": "paeonia-wendelboi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia yananensis",
      "authorship": "T.Hong & M.R.Li",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480607",
      "slug": "paeonia-yananensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia × kayae",
      "authorship": "Özhatay",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001330256",
      "slug": "paeonia-kayae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia × maleevii",
      "authorship": "Kem.-Nath. ex Mordak & Punina",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000750016",
      "slug": "paeonia-maleevii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia × saundersii",
      "authorship": "Stebbins",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480580",
      "slug": "paeonia-saundersii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Paeonia × suffruticosa",
      "authorship": "Andrews",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000480595",
      "slug": "paeonia-suffruticosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/paeonia/"
  }
}