{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/ophiopogon/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ophiopogon"
  },
  "genus": "Ophiopogon",
  "family": "Asparagaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/asparagaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 77,
  "documented_species": 4,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon acerobracteatus",
      "authorship": "R.H.Miao ex W.B.Liao, J.H.Jin & W.Q.Liu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000836214",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-acerobracteatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon alatus",
      "authorship": "Aver. & N.Tanaka",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001346650",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-alatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon albimarginatus",
      "authorship": "D.Fang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712416",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-albimarginatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon amblyphyllus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000713755",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-amblyphyllus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon angustifoliatus",
      "authorship": "(F.T.Wang & Tang) S.C.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000709733",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-angustifoliatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon bockianus",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673473",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-bockianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon bodinieri",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712637",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-bodinieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon brevipes",
      "authorship": "Craib",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712628",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-brevipes",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon caulescens",
      "authorship": "(Blume) Backer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712618",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-caulescens-blume-backer",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon caulescens",
      "authorship": "(Blume) R.G.Bäck",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001240170",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-caulescens-blume-r-g-back",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon chingii",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & Tang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712592",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-chingii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon clarkei",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673482",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-clarkei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon clavatus",
      "authorship": "C.H.Wright ex Oliv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673492",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-clavatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon confertifolius",
      "authorship": "N.Tanaka",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000710458",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-confertifolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon cordylinoides",
      "authorship": "Prain",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673503",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-cordylinoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon corifolius",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712668",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-corifolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon dracaenoides",
      "authorship": "(Baker) Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673514",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-dracaenoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon erectus",
      "authorship": "Aver. & N.Tanaka",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001346652",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-erectus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon filipes",
      "authorship": "D.Fang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712216",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-filipes",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon fooningensis",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712537",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-fooningensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon fruticulosus",
      "authorship": "Aver., N.Tanaka & K.S.Nguyen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001343164",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-fruticulosus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon grandis",
      "authorship": "W.W.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712783",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-grandis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon griffithii",
      "authorship": "(Baker) Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673537",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-griffithii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon hayatae",
      "authorship": "(N.Tanaka) N.Tanaka, Aver. & T.Koyama",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001343181",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-hayatae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon heterandrus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712764",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-heterandrus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon hongjiangensis",
      "authorship": "Y.Y.Qian",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712271",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-hongjiangensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon humilis",
      "authorship": "L.Rodr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712751",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-humilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon intermedius",
      "authorship": "D.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673555",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-intermedius",
      "photographs_found": 39,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ophiopogon-intermedius/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon jaburan",
      "authorship": "(Siebold) G.Lodd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673566",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-jaburan",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ophiopogon-jaburan/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon japonicus",
      "authorship": "(Thunb.) Ker Gawl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673577",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-japonicus",
      "photographs_found": 21,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ophiopogon-japonicus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon jiangchengensis",
      "authorship": "Y.Y.Qian",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000710497",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-jiangchengensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon kradungensis",
      "authorship": "M.N.Tamura",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000710151",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-kradungensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon latifolius",
      "authorship": "L.Rodr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707884",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-latifolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon leptophyllus",
      "authorship": "Griff.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707992",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-leptophyllus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon longifolius",
      "authorship": "Decne.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673598",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-longifolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon lushuiensis",
      "authorship": "S.C.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000710667",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-lushuiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon mairei",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707835",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-mairei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon malcolmsonii",
      "authorship": "Royle ex Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673619",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-malcolmsonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon marmoratus",
      "authorship": "Pierre ex L.Rodr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707928",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-marmoratus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon megalanthus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707940",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-megalanthus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon menglianensis",
      "authorship": "H.W.Li",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000710218",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-menglianensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon micranthus",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673631",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-micranthus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon motouensis",
      "authorship": "S.C.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707971",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-motouensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon multiflorus",
      "authorship": "Y.Wan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000711449",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-multiflorus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon ogisui",
      "authorship": "M.N.Tamura & J.M.Xu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000809333",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-ogisui",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon paniculatus",
      "authorship": "Z.Y.Zhu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712697",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-paniculatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon patulus",
      "authorship": "Aver. & N.Tanaka",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001346655",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-patulus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon peliosanthoides",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & Tang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707571",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-peliosanthoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon pierrei",
      "authorship": "L.Rodr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707091",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-pierrei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon pingbienensis",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707101",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-pingbienensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon planiscapus",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707112",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-planiscapus",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon platyphyllus",
      "authorship": "Merr. & Chun",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707119",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-platyphyllus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon pseudotonkinensis",
      "authorship": "D.Fang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000712249",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-pseudotonkinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon regnieri",
      "authorship": "Bois",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707129",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-regnieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon reptans",
      "authorship": "Hook.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673694",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-reptans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon reversus",
      "authorship": "C.C.Huang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707202",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-reversus",
      "photographs_found": 36,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ophiopogon-reversus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon revolutus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707147",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-revolutus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon rupestris",
      "authorship": "Aver. & N.Tanaka",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337775",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-rupestris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon sar-garhwalensis",
      "authorship": "R.D.Gaur & D.S.Rawat",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000713603",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-sar-garhwalensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon sarmentosus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707074",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-sarmentosus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon siamensis",
      "authorship": "M.N.Tamura",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000709822",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-siamensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon sinensis",
      "authorship": "Y.Wan & C.C.Huang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000710694",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-sinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon sparsiflorus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707164",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-sparsiflorus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon stenophyllus",
      "authorship": "(Merr.) L.Rodr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707172",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-stenophyllus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon subverticillatus",
      "authorship": "Gagnep. ex L.Rodr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707188",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-subverticillatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon sylvicola",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & Tang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000706985",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-sylvicola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon szechuanensis",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & Tang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707155",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-szechuanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon tienensis",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & Tang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000706918",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-tienensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon tonkinensis",
      "authorship": "L.Rodr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000706930",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-tonkinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon tristylatus",
      "authorship": "Aver., N.Tanaka & Luu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337776",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-tristylatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon tsaii",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & Tang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000706941",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-tsaii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon umbraticola",
      "authorship": "Hance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000673733",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-umbraticola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon vietnamensis",
      "authorship": "N.Tanaka",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000711732",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-vietnamensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon xylorrhizus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000706952",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-xylorrhizus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon yangshuoensis",
      "authorship": "R.H.Jiang & W.B.Xu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337593",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-yangshuoensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon yunnanensis",
      "authorship": "S.C.Chen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000710658",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-yunnanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ophiopogon zingiberaceus",
      "authorship": "F.T.Wang & L.K.Dai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000707063",
      "slug": "ophiopogon-zingiberaceus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/ophiopogon/"
  }
}