{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/liquidambar/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "liquidambar"
  },
  "genus": "Liquidambar",
  "family": "Altingiaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/altingiaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 15,
  "documented_species": 4,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar acalycina",
      "authorship": "H.T.Chang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000364087",
      "slug": "liquidambar-acalycina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar cambodiana",
      "authorship": "(Lecomte) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337724",
      "slug": "liquidambar-cambodiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar caudata",
      "authorship": "(H.T.Chang) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337725",
      "slug": "liquidambar-caudata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar chinensis",
      "authorship": "Champ. ex Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001065284",
      "slug": "liquidambar-chinensis",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/liquidambar-chinensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar chingii",
      "authorship": "(F.P.Metcalf) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337726",
      "slug": "liquidambar-chingii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar excelsa",
      "authorship": "(Noronha) Oken",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000364069",
      "slug": "liquidambar-excelsa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar formosana",
      "authorship": "Hance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000364066",
      "slug": "liquidambar-formosana",
      "photographs_found": 71,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/liquidambar-formosana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar gracilipes",
      "authorship": "(Hemsl.) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337727",
      "slug": "liquidambar-gracilipes",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar multinervis",
      "authorship": "(W.C.Cheng) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337728",
      "slug": "liquidambar-multinervis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar obovata",
      "authorship": "(Merr. & Chun) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001065285",
      "slug": "liquidambar-obovata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar orientalis",
      "authorship": "Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000364076",
      "slug": "liquidambar-orientalis",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/liquidambar-orientalis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar poilanei",
      "authorship": "(Tardieu) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337729",
      "slug": "liquidambar-poilanei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar siamensis",
      "authorship": "(Craib) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337730",
      "slug": "liquidambar-siamensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar styraciflua",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000364015",
      "slug": "liquidambar-styraciflua",
      "photographs_found": 4876,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/liquidambar-styraciflua/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Liquidambar yunnanensis",
      "authorship": "(Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337731",
      "slug": "liquidambar-yunnanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/liquidambar/"
  }
}