{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/ligustrum/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ligustrum"
  },
  "genus": "Ligustrum",
  "family": "Oleaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/oleaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 46,
  "documented_species": 10,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum angustum",
      "authorship": "B.M.Miao",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814394",
      "slug": "ligustrum-angustum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum australianum",
      "authorship": "F.Muell.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816184",
      "slug": "ligustrum-australianum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum compactum",
      "authorship": "(Wall. ex G.Don) Hook.f. & Thomson ex Brandis",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816186",
      "slug": "ligustrum-compactum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum confusum",
      "authorship": "Decne.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816187",
      "slug": "ligustrum-confusum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum cumingianum",
      "authorship": "Decne.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816191",
      "slug": "ligustrum-cumingianum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum delavayanum",
      "authorship": "Har.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816342",
      "slug": "ligustrum-delavayanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum expansum",
      "authorship": "Rehder",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816372",
      "slug": "ligustrum-expansum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum fengjieense",
      "authorship": "Xian Y.Li & Si Y.Zeng",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000027689",
      "slug": "ligustrum-fengjieense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum foliosum",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816299",
      "slug": "ligustrum-foliosum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum glomeratum",
      "authorship": "Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816305",
      "slug": "ligustrum-glomeratum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum gracile",
      "authorship": "Rehder",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816306",
      "slug": "ligustrum-gracile",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum guangdongense",
      "authorship": "R.J.Wang & H.Z.Wen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001334149",
      "slug": "ligustrum-guangdongense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum henryi",
      "authorship": "Hemsl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816297",
      "slug": "ligustrum-henryi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum ibota",
      "authorship": "Siebold",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816313",
      "slug": "ligustrum-ibota",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum japonicum",
      "authorship": "Thunb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816281",
      "slug": "ligustrum-japonicum",
      "photographs_found": 58,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-japonicum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum leucanthum",
      "authorship": "(S.Moore) P.S.Green",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814368",
      "slug": "ligustrum-leucanthum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum lianum",
      "authorship": "P.S.Hsu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816290",
      "slug": "ligustrum-lianum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum lindleyi",
      "authorship": "(Wall. ex G.Don) P.S.Green",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814367",
      "slug": "ligustrum-lindleyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum liukiuense",
      "authorship": "Koidz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816291",
      "slug": "ligustrum-liukiuense",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-liukiuense/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum lucidum",
      "authorship": "W.T.Aiton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816294",
      "slug": "ligustrum-lucidum",
      "photographs_found": 3256,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-lucidum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum micranthum",
      "authorship": "Zucc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816350",
      "slug": "ligustrum-micranthum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum minii",
      "authorship": "Raizada",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816354",
      "slug": "ligustrum-minii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum morrisonense",
      "authorship": "Kaneh. & Sasaki",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816356",
      "slug": "ligustrum-morrisonense",
      "photographs_found": 21,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-morrisonense/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum myrsinites",
      "authorship": "Decne.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816360",
      "slug": "ligustrum-myrsinites",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum nepalense",
      "authorship": "Wall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816323",
      "slug": "ligustrum-nepalense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum novoguineense",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816325",
      "slug": "ligustrum-novoguineense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum obovatilimbum",
      "authorship": "B.M.Miao",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814395",
      "slug": "ligustrum-obovatilimbum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum obtusifolium",
      "authorship": "Siebold & Zucc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816339",
      "slug": "ligustrum-obtusifolium",
      "photographs_found": 1039,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-obtusifolium/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum ovalifolium",
      "authorship": "Hassk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816332",
      "slug": "ligustrum-ovalifolium",
      "photographs_found": 344,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-ovalifolium/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum parvifolium",
      "authorship": "Kiew",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000023461",
      "slug": "ligustrum-parvifolium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum pricei",
      "authorship": "Hayata",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816243",
      "slug": "ligustrum-pricei",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-pricei/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum punctifolium",
      "authorship": "M.C.Chang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814396",
      "slug": "ligustrum-punctifolium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum quihoui",
      "authorship": "Carrière",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816223",
      "slug": "ligustrum-quihoui",
      "photographs_found": 1095,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-quihoui/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum retusum",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816228",
      "slug": "ligustrum-retusum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum robustum",
      "authorship": "(Roxb.) Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000816227",
      "slug": "ligustrum-robustum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum salicinum",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815917",
      "slug": "ligustrum-salicinum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum sempervirens",
      "authorship": "(Franch.) Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815920",
      "slug": "ligustrum-sempervirens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum sinense",
      "authorship": "Lour.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815924",
      "slug": "ligustrum-sinense",
      "photographs_found": 2697,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-sinense/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum stenophyllum",
      "authorship": "Quisumb. & Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815935",
      "slug": "ligustrum-stenophyllum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum strongylophyllum",
      "authorship": "Hemsl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815889",
      "slug": "ligustrum-strongylophyllum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum tamakii",
      "authorship": "Hatus.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814324",
      "slug": "ligustrum-tamakii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum tenuipes",
      "authorship": "M.C.Chang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814397",
      "slug": "ligustrum-tenuipes",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum tschonoskii",
      "authorship": "Decne.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815911",
      "slug": "ligustrum-tschonoskii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum undulatum",
      "authorship": "Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815904",
      "slug": "ligustrum-undulatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum vulgare",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000815984",
      "slug": "ligustrum-vulgare",
      "photographs_found": 1527,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligustrum-vulgare/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligustrum xingrenense",
      "authorship": "D.J.Liu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000814756",
      "slug": "ligustrum-xingrenense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/ligustrum/"
  }
}