{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/ligusticum/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ligusticum"
  },
  "genus": "Ligusticum",
  "family": "Apiaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/apiaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 37,
  "documented_species": 6,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum afghanicum",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001260855",
      "slug": "ligusticum-afghanicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum albanicum",
      "authorship": "Javorka",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000360616",
      "slug": "ligusticum-albanicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum calderi",
      "authorship": "Mathias & Constance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000360645",
      "slug": "ligusticum-calderi",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligusticum-calderi/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum californicum",
      "authorship": "J.M.Coult. & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001067831",
      "slug": "ligusticum-californicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum canadense",
      "authorship": "(L.) Britton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001067832",
      "slug": "ligusticum-canadense",
      "photographs_found": 55,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligusticum-canadense/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum canbyi",
      "authorship": "J.M.Coult. & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001067833",
      "slug": "ligusticum-canbyi",
      "photographs_found": 20,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligusticum-canbyi/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum elegans",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362388",
      "slug": "ligusticum-elegans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum falcarioides",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362389",
      "slug": "ligusticum-falcarioides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum ferulaceum",
      "authorship": "All.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362370",
      "slug": "ligusticum-ferulaceum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum filicinum",
      "authorship": "S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001067834",
      "slug": "ligusticum-filicinum",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum glaucifolium",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001220048",
      "slug": "ligusticum-glaucifolium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum gongshanense",
      "authorship": "F.T.Pu, R.Li & H.Li",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001333133",
      "slug": "ligusticum-gongshanense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum grayi",
      "authorship": "J.M.Coult. & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001067835",
      "slug": "ligusticum-grayi",
      "photographs_found": 69,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligusticum-grayi/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum gyirongense",
      "authorship": "R.H.Shan & H.T.Chang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001069182",
      "slug": "ligusticum-gyirongense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum irramosum",
      "authorship": "Rech.f. & Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362298",
      "slug": "ligusticum-irramosum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum kiangsiense",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362330",
      "slug": "ligusticum-kiangsiense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum kingdon-wardii",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001069185",
      "slug": "ligusticum-kingdon-wardii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum kulingense",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362332",
      "slug": "ligusticum-kulingense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum littledalei",
      "authorship": "Fedde ex H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001069188",
      "slug": "ligusticum-littledalei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum lucidum",
      "authorship": "Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362322",
      "slug": "ligusticum-lucidum",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligusticum-lucidum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum madrense",
      "authorship": "Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362325",
      "slug": "ligusticum-madrense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum mairei",
      "authorship": "M.Hiroe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001069184",
      "slug": "ligusticum-mairei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum marginatum",
      "authorship": "C.B.Clarke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362326",
      "slug": "ligusticum-marginatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum moniliforme",
      "authorship": "Z.X.Peng & B.Y.Zhang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362460",
      "slug": "ligusticum-moniliforme",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum mucronatum",
      "authorship": "(Schrenk) Wittr. & Juel",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000066787",
      "slug": "ligusticum-mucronatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum nematophyllum",
      "authorship": "(Pimenov & Kljuykov) F.T.Pu & M.F.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001274649",
      "slug": "ligusticum-nematophyllum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum nullivittatum",
      "authorship": "(K.T.Fu) F.T.Pu & M.F.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001274650",
      "slug": "ligusticum-nullivittatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum olympicum",
      "authorship": "Novak",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362444",
      "slug": "ligusticum-olympicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum porteri",
      "authorship": "J.M.Coult. & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362469",
      "slug": "ligusticum-porteri",
      "photographs_found": 43,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ligusticum-porteri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum rockii",
      "authorship": "M.Hiroe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362211",
      "slug": "ligusticum-rockii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum scoticum",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000362202",
      "slug": "ligusticum-scoticum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum thomsonii",
      "authorship": "C.B.Clarke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001067739",
      "slug": "ligusticum-thomsonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum tibetanicum",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000361285",
      "slug": "ligusticum-tibetanicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum verticillatum",
      "authorship": "(Hook.) J.M.Coult. & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000361271",
      "slug": "ligusticum-verticillatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum wawrae",
      "authorship": "H.Wolff",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000361276",
      "slug": "ligusticum-wawrae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum yunnanense",
      "authorship": "F.T.Pu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001220853",
      "slug": "ligusticum-yunnanense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ligusticum yushuense",
      "authorship": "J.T.Pan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000361275",
      "slug": "ligusticum-yushuense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/ligusticum/"
  }
}