{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/jacobaea/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "jacobaea"
  },
  "genus": "Jacobaea",
  "family": "Asteraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/asteraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 57,
  "documented_species": 19,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea abrotanifolia",
      "authorship": "Moench",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000031545",
      "slug": "jacobaea-abrotanifolia",
      "photographs_found": 46,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-abrotanifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea adonidifolia",
      "authorship": "(Loisel.) Pelser & Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000045240",
      "slug": "jacobaea-adonidifolia",
      "photographs_found": 46,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-adonidifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea alpina",
      "authorship": "(L.) Moench",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000043997",
      "slug": "jacobaea-alpina",
      "photographs_found": 70,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-alpina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea ambigua",
      "authorship": "(Biv.) Pelser & Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000130748",
      "slug": "jacobaea-ambigua",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea andrzejowskyi",
      "authorship": "(Tzvelev) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000130554",
      "slug": "jacobaea-andrzejowskyi",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-andrzejowskyi/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea aquatica",
      "authorship": "(Hill) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000041258",
      "slug": "jacobaea-aquatica",
      "photographs_found": 86,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-aquatica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea arenaria",
      "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) E.Wiebe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000127093",
      "slug": "jacobaea-arenaria",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea argunensis",
      "authorship": "(Turcz.) B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000138328",
      "slug": "jacobaea-argunensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea arnautorum",
      "authorship": "(Velen.) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000064721",
      "slug": "jacobaea-arnautorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea auricula",
      "authorship": "(Bourg. ex Coss.) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000029991",
      "slug": "jacobaea-auricula",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea boissieri",
      "authorship": "(DC.) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000073416",
      "slug": "jacobaea-boissieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea borysthenica",
      "authorship": "(DC.) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000013398",
      "slug": "jacobaea-borysthenica",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-borysthenica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea buschiana",
      "authorship": "(Sosn.) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000067438",
      "slug": "jacobaea-buschiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea candida",
      "authorship": "(C.Presl) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000028597",
      "slug": "jacobaea-candida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea cannabifolia",
      "authorship": "(Less.) E.Wiebe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000114984",
      "slug": "jacobaea-cannabifolia",
      "photographs_found": 25,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-cannabifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea carniolica",
      "authorship": "Schrank",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000019452",
      "slug": "jacobaea-carniolica",
      "photographs_found": 36,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-carniolica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea cilicia",
      "authorship": "(Boiss.) B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000128677",
      "slug": "jacobaea-cilicia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea delphiniifolia",
      "authorship": "(Vahl) Pelser & Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000113888",
      "slug": "jacobaea-delphiniifolia",
      "photographs_found": 14,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-delphiniifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea erratica",
      "authorship": "(Bertol.) Fourr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000064333",
      "slug": "jacobaea-erratica",
      "photographs_found": 37,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-erratica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea erucifolia",
      "authorship": "(L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001268056",
      "slug": "jacobaea-erucifolia-l-g-gaertn-b-mey-scherb",
      "photographs_found": 450,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-erucifolia-l-g-gaertn-b-mey-scherb/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea erucifolia",
      "authorship": "(L.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Schreb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000119080",
      "slug": "jacobaea-erucifolia-l-p-gaertn-b-mey-schreb",
      "photographs_found": 450,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-erucifolia-l-p-gaertn-b-mey-schreb/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea ferganensis",
      "authorship": "(Schischk.) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000116178",
      "slug": "jacobaea-ferganensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea gallerandiana",
      "authorship": "(Coss. & Durieu) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000093473",
      "slug": "jacobaea-gallerandiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea gibbosa",
      "authorship": "(Guss.) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000084859",
      "slug": "jacobaea-gibbosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea gigantea",
      "authorship": "(Desf.) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066273",
      "slug": "jacobaea-gigantea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea gnaphalioides",
      "authorship": "(Spreng.) Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000131584",
      "slug": "jacobaea-gnaphalioides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea graciliflora",
      "authorship": "(DC.) Sennikov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001331725",
      "slug": "jacobaea-graciliflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea incana",
      "authorship": "(L.) Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000006308",
      "slug": "jacobaea-incana",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-incana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea inops",
      "authorship": "(Boiss. & Balansa) B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000012229",
      "slug": "jacobaea-inops",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea leucophylla",
      "authorship": "(DC.) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000121620",
      "slug": "jacobaea-leucophylla",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-leucophylla/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea litvinovii",
      "authorship": "(Schischk.) Zuev",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001335953",
      "slug": "jacobaea-litvinovii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea lycopifolia",
      "authorship": "(Poir.) Greuter & B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000069552",
      "slug": "jacobaea-lycopifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea maritima",
      "authorship": "(L.) Pelser & Meijden",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000074856",
      "slug": "jacobaea-maritima",
      "photographs_found": 314,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-maritima/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea maroccana",
      "authorship": "(P.H.Davis) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000127010",
      "slug": "jacobaea-maroccana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea minuta",
      "authorship": "(Cav.) Pelser & Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087830",
      "slug": "jacobaea-minuta",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea mollis",
      "authorship": "(Willd.) B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000019216",
      "slug": "jacobaea-mollis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea mouterdei",
      "authorship": "(Arènes) Greuter & B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000064284",
      "slug": "jacobaea-mouterdei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea ornata",
      "authorship": "(Druce) Greuter & B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000040641",
      "slug": "jacobaea-ornata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea othonnae",
      "authorship": "C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000004202",
      "slug": "jacobaea-othonnae",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea paludosa",
      "authorship": "(L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000008321",
      "slug": "jacobaea-paludosa",
      "photographs_found": 43,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-paludosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea persoonii",
      "authorship": "(De Not.) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000065259",
      "slug": "jacobaea-persoonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea pseudoarnica",
      "authorship": "(Less.) Zuev",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001335954",
      "slug": "jacobaea-pseudoarnica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea racemosa",
      "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Pelser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001335200",
      "slug": "jacobaea-racemosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea racemulifera",
      "authorship": "(Pavlov) C.Ren & Q.E.Yang",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000027506",
      "slug": "jacobaea-racemulifera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea samnitum",
      "authorship": "(Nyman) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000044937",
      "slug": "jacobaea-samnitum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea sandrasica",
      "authorship": "(P.H.Davis) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000085996",
      "slug": "jacobaea-sandrasica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea schischkiniana",
      "authorship": "(Sofieva) B.Nord. & Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000118137",
      "slug": "jacobaea-schischkiniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea subalpina",
      "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) Pelser & Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000094913",
      "slug": "jacobaea-subalpina",
      "photographs_found": 23,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-subalpina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea thuretii",
      "authorship": "(Briq. & Cavill.) B.Bock",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001332716",
      "slug": "jacobaea-thuretii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea trapezuntina",
      "authorship": "(Boiss.) B.Nord.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000078390",
      "slug": "jacobaea-trapezuntina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea uniflora",
      "authorship": "(All.) Veldkamp",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000082396",
      "slug": "jacobaea-uniflora",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-uniflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea vulgaris",
      "authorship": "Gaertn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000031875",
      "slug": "jacobaea-vulgaris",
      "photographs_found": 4731,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/jacobaea-vulgaris/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea × calvescens",
      "authorship": "(Moris & De Not.) B.Bock",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001332719",
      "slug": "jacobaea-calvescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea × lichtensteinensis",
      "authorship": "B.Bock",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001332722",
      "slug": "jacobaea-lichtensteinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea × lyratifolia",
      "authorship": "(Rchb.) B.Bock",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001332723",
      "slug": "jacobaea-lyratifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea × mirabilis",
      "authorship": "(Gaut. ex Rouy) B.Bock",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001332725",
      "slug": "jacobaea-mirabilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Jacobaea × ostenfeldii",
      "authorship": "(Druce) B.Bock",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001332718",
      "slug": "jacobaea-ostenfeldii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/jacobaea/"
  }
}