{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/fraxinus/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "fraxinus"
  },
  "genus": "Fraxinus",
  "family": "Oleaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/oleaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 63,
  "documented_species": 27,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus albicans",
      "authorship": "Buckley",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832241",
      "slug": "fraxinus-albicans",
      "photographs_found": 488,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-albicans/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus americana",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832243",
      "slug": "fraxinus-americana",
      "photographs_found": 1549,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-americana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus angustifolia",
      "authorship": "Vahl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832291",
      "slug": "fraxinus-angustifolia",
      "photographs_found": 279,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-angustifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus anomala",
      "authorship": "Torr. ex S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832322",
      "slug": "fraxinus-anomala",
      "photographs_found": 184,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-anomala/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus apertisquamifera",
      "authorship": "H.Hara",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832326",
      "slug": "fraxinus-apertisquamifera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus baroniana",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832342",
      "slug": "fraxinus-baroniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus berlandieriana",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832344",
      "slug": "fraxinus-berlandieriana",
      "photographs_found": 68,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-berlandieriana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus bornmuelleri",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832352",
      "slug": "fraxinus-bornmuelleri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus bungeana",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832359",
      "slug": "fraxinus-bungeana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus caroliniana",
      "authorship": "Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832374",
      "slug": "fraxinus-caroliniana",
      "photographs_found": 105,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-caroliniana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus chiisanensis",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832396",
      "slug": "fraxinus-chiisanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus chinensis",
      "authorship": "Roxb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832398",
      "slug": "fraxinus-chinensis",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-chinensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus cuspidata",
      "authorship": "Torr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832420",
      "slug": "fraxinus-cuspidata",
      "photographs_found": 91,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-cuspidata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus depauperata",
      "authorship": "(Lingelsh.) Z.Wei",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832429",
      "slug": "fraxinus-depauperata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus dimorpha",
      "authorship": "Coss. & Durieu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832430",
      "slug": "fraxinus-dimorpha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus dipetala",
      "authorship": "Hook. & Arn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832432",
      "slug": "fraxinus-dipetala",
      "photographs_found": 149,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-dipetala/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus excelsior",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832453",
      "slug": "fraxinus-excelsior",
      "photographs_found": 2477,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-excelsior/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus ferruginea",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832544",
      "slug": "fraxinus-ferruginea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus floribunda",
      "authorship": "Wall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832545",
      "slug": "fraxinus-floribunda",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus gooddingii",
      "authorship": "Little",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832560",
      "slug": "fraxinus-gooddingii",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-gooddingii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus greggii",
      "authorship": "A.Gray",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832563",
      "slug": "fraxinus-greggii",
      "photographs_found": 37,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-greggii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus griffithii",
      "authorship": "C.B.Clarke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832569",
      "slug": "fraxinus-griffithii",
      "photographs_found": 88,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-griffithii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus hookeri",
      "authorship": "Wenz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832577",
      "slug": "fraxinus-hookeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus hubeiensis",
      "authorship": "S.Z.Qu, C.B.Shang & P.L.Su",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832580",
      "slug": "fraxinus-hubeiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus insularis",
      "authorship": "Hemsl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832589",
      "slug": "fraxinus-insularis",
      "photographs_found": 25,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-insularis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus lanuginosa",
      "authorship": "Koidz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832622",
      "slug": "fraxinus-lanuginosa",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus latifolia",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832626",
      "slug": "fraxinus-latifolia",
      "photographs_found": 328,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-latifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus longicuspis",
      "authorship": "Siebold & Zucc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832634",
      "slug": "fraxinus-longicuspis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus malacophylla",
      "authorship": "Hemsl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832649",
      "slug": "fraxinus-malacophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus mandshurica",
      "authorship": "Rupr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832653",
      "slug": "fraxinus-mandshurica",
      "photographs_found": 34,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-mandshurica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus micrantha",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832665",
      "slug": "fraxinus-micrantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus nigra",
      "authorship": "Marshall",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832682",
      "slug": "fraxinus-nigra",
      "photographs_found": 999,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-nigra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus odontocalyx",
      "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz. ex E.Peter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832704",
      "slug": "fraxinus-odontocalyx",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus ornus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832712",
      "slug": "fraxinus-ornus",
      "photographs_found": 243,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-ornus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus pallisiae",
      "authorship": "Wilmott",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832788",
      "slug": "fraxinus-pallisiae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus papillosa",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832795",
      "slug": "fraxinus-papillosa",
      "photographs_found": 20,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-papillosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus paxiana",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832809",
      "slug": "fraxinus-paxiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus pennsylvanica",
      "authorship": "Marshall",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832813",
      "slug": "fraxinus-pennsylvanica",
      "photographs_found": 1810,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-pennsylvanica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus platypoda",
      "authorship": "Oliv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832853",
      "slug": "fraxinus-platypoda",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-platypoda/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus potosina",
      "authorship": "Brandegee",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832859",
      "slug": "fraxinus-potosina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus pringlei",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832861",
      "slug": "fraxinus-pringlei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus profunda",
      "authorship": "(Bush) Bush",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832862",
      "slug": "fraxinus-profunda",
      "photographs_found": 98,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-profunda/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus punctata",
      "authorship": "S.Y.Hu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832883",
      "slug": "fraxinus-punctata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus purpusii",
      "authorship": "Brandegee",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832885",
      "slug": "fraxinus-purpusii",
      "photographs_found": 18,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-purpusii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus quadrangulata",
      "authorship": "Michx.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832888",
      "slug": "fraxinus-quadrangulata",
      "photographs_found": 127,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-quadrangulata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus raibocarpa",
      "authorship": "Regel",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832891",
      "slug": "fraxinus-raibocarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus reflexiflora",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832892",
      "slug": "fraxinus-reflexiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus rufescens",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832930",
      "slug": "fraxinus-rufescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus schiedeana",
      "authorship": "Schltdl. & Cham.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832941",
      "slug": "fraxinus-schiedeana",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus sieboldiana",
      "authorship": "Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832949",
      "slug": "fraxinus-sieboldiana",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-sieboldiana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus sogdiana",
      "authorship": "Bunge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832962",
      "slug": "fraxinus-sogdiana",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus stenolepis",
      "authorship": "Urusov",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000048581",
      "slug": "fraxinus-stenolepis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus stylosa",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832978",
      "slug": "fraxinus-stylosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus suaveolens",
      "authorship": "W.W.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832979",
      "slug": "fraxinus-suaveolens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus trifoliolata",
      "authorship": "W.W.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000833005",
      "slug": "fraxinus-trifoliolata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus uhdei",
      "authorship": "(Wenz.) Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000833009",
      "slug": "fraxinus-uhdei",
      "photographs_found": 105,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-uhdei/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus velutina",
      "authorship": "Torr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000833017",
      "slug": "fraxinus-velutina",
      "photographs_found": 356,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fraxinus-velutina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus xanthoxyloides",
      "authorship": "(G.Don) Wall. ex A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000833039",
      "slug": "fraxinus-xanthoxyloides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus × borzae",
      "authorship": "Georgescu & Tutunaru",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832353",
      "slug": "fraxinus-borzae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus × cataubiensis",
      "authorship": "Ashe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832388",
      "slug": "fraxinus-cataubiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus × hybrida",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832584",
      "slug": "fraxinus-hybrida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus × rehderiana",
      "authorship": "Lingelsh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000832896",
      "slug": "fraxinus-rehderiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Fraxinus × veltheimii",
      "authorship": "Dieck ex Bean",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000035894",
      "slug": "fraxinus-veltheimii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/fraxinus/"
  }
}