{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/epipactis/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "epipactis"
  },
  "genus": "Epipactis",
  "family": "Orchidaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/orchidaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 79,
  "documented_species": 15,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis africana",
      "authorship": "Rendle",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951939",
      "slug": "epipactis-africana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis alatus",
      "authorship": "Aver. & Efimov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000808582",
      "slug": "epipactis-alatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis albensis",
      "authorship": "Nováková & Rydlo",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951941",
      "slug": "epipactis-albensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis ariosica",
      "authorship": "V.A.Romano, S.Hertel & Presser",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000026950",
      "slug": "epipactis-ariosica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis atrorubens",
      "authorship": "(Hoffm.) Besser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951957",
      "slug": "epipactis-atrorubens",
      "photographs_found": 520,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-atrorubens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis babianifolia",
      "authorship": "Roxb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001222563",
      "slug": "epipactis-babianifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis barlae",
      "authorship": "A.Camus",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951963",
      "slug": "epipactis-barlae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis bugacensis",
      "authorship": "Robatsch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951974",
      "slug": "epipactis-bugacensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis caramolica",
      "authorship": "Presser & S.Hertel",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000026951",
      "slug": "epipactis-caramolica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis condensata",
      "authorship": "Boiss. ex D.P.Young",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951991",
      "slug": "epipactis-condensata",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-condensata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis cordigera",
      "authorship": "S.Hertel & Presser",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000032157",
      "slug": "epipactis-cordigera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis cupaniana",
      "authorship": "C.Brullo, D'Emerico & Pulv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001337438",
      "slug": "epipactis-cupaniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis dunensis",
      "authorship": "(T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Godfery",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952015",
      "slug": "epipactis-dunensis",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-dunensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis euxina",
      "authorship": "Fateryga, Popovich & Kreutz",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000004007",
      "slug": "epipactis-euxina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis fascicularis",
      "authorship": "T.P.Lin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001344574",
      "slug": "epipactis-fascicularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis flaminia",
      "authorship": "P.R.Savelli & Aless.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952028",
      "slug": "epipactis-flaminia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis flava",
      "authorship": "Seidenf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952029",
      "slug": "epipactis-flava",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis garganica",
      "authorship": "S.Hertel",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000032158",
      "slug": "epipactis-garganica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis gigantea",
      "authorship": "Douglas",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952040",
      "slug": "epipactis-gigantea",
      "photographs_found": 455,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-gigantea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis graberi",
      "authorship": "A.Camus",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952046",
      "slug": "epipactis-graberi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis greuteri",
      "authorship": "H.Baumann & Künkele",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952054",
      "slug": "epipactis-greuteri",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-greuteri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis guegelii",
      "authorship": "Robatsch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952056",
      "slug": "epipactis-guegelii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis helleborine",
      "authorship": "(L.) Crantz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952061",
      "slug": "epipactis-helleborine",
      "photographs_found": 4051,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-helleborine/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis humilior",
      "authorship": "(Tang & F.T.Wang) S.C.Chen & G.H.Zhu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000408307",
      "slug": "epipactis-humilior",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis hyblaea",
      "authorship": "Brullo & Zimmitti",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001341017",
      "slug": "epipactis-hyblaea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis hygrophila",
      "authorship": "S.Hertel",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000032159",
      "slug": "epipactis-hygrophila",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis ioessa",
      "authorship": "Bongiorni, De Vivo, Fori & Romolini",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000835490",
      "slug": "epipactis-ioessa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis kartliana",
      "authorship": "Kreutz & Van Domm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000032160",
      "slug": "epipactis-kartliana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis kleinii",
      "authorship": "M.B.Crespo & M.R.Lowe & Piera",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952113",
      "slug": "epipactis-kleinii",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-kleinii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis krym-montana",
      "authorship": "Kreutz, Fateryga & Efimov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001340228",
      "slug": "epipactis-krym-montana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis leptochila",
      "authorship": "(Godfery) Godfery",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952128",
      "slug": "epipactis-leptochila",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis liestalensis",
      "authorship": "A.Camus",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952134",
      "slug": "epipactis-liestalensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis mairei",
      "authorship": "Schltr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952150",
      "slug": "epipactis-mairei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis majellensis",
      "authorship": "Presser & S.Hertel",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000032161",
      "slug": "epipactis-majellensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis microphylla",
      "authorship": "(Ehrh.) Sw.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952160",
      "slug": "epipactis-microphylla",
      "photographs_found": 39,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-microphylla/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis minipurpurata",
      "authorship": "S.Hertel & Presser",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000026952",
      "slug": "epipactis-minipurpurata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis muelleri",
      "authorship": "Godfery",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952166",
      "slug": "epipactis-muelleri",
      "photographs_found": 34,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-muelleri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis nasuta",
      "authorship": "S.Hertel, Presser & Cicmir",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000022353",
      "slug": "epipactis-nasuta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis odemensis",
      "authorship": "Kreutz & Shifman",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000026954",
      "slug": "epipactis-odemensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis ohwii",
      "authorship": "Fukuy.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952182",
      "slug": "epipactis-ohwii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis palustris",
      "authorship": "(L.) Crantz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952194",
      "slug": "epipactis-palustris",
      "photographs_found": 512,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-palustris/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis papillosa",
      "authorship": "Franch. & Sav.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952197",
      "slug": "epipactis-papillosa",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis persica",
      "authorship": "(Hausskn. ex Soó) Renz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001223164",
      "slug": "epipactis-persica-hausskn-ex-soo-renz",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-persica-hausskn-ex-soo-renz/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis persica",
      "authorship": "(Soó) Hausskn. ex Nannf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952207",
      "slug": "epipactis-persica-soo-hausskn-ex-nannf",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis persica",
      "authorship": "Hausskn. ex Soó",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001223160",
      "slug": "epipactis-persica-hausskn-ex-soo",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-persica-hausskn-ex-soo/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis phyllanthes",
      "authorship": "G.E.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952209",
      "slug": "epipactis-phyllanthes",
      "photographs_found": 23,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-phyllanthes/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis pontica",
      "authorship": "Taubenheim",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952222",
      "slug": "epipactis-pontica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis purpurata",
      "authorship": "Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952234",
      "slug": "epipactis-purpurata",
      "photographs_found": 87,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-purpurata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis rivularis",
      "authorship": "Kranjcev & Cicmir",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000808594",
      "slug": "epipactis-rivularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis royleana",
      "authorship": "Lindl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952250",
      "slug": "epipactis-royleana",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis stellifera",
      "authorship": "Di Antonio & Veya",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000408364",
      "slug": "epipactis-stellifera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis subtilis",
      "authorship": "Jakubska-Busse, Zolubak & Lobas",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000052966",
      "slug": "epipactis-subtilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis thunbergii",
      "authorship": "A.Gray",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952285",
      "slug": "epipactis-thunbergii",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis torqueta",
      "authorship": "Presser, S.Hertel & V.A.Romano",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000032162",
      "slug": "epipactis-torqueta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis turcomanica",
      "authorship": "K.P.Popov & Neshat.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952294",
      "slug": "epipactis-turcomanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis ulugurica",
      "authorship": "Mansf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952296",
      "slug": "epipactis-ulugurica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis veluwensis",
      "authorship": "Kreutz, H.Dekker, Bons & Löffler",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000026955",
      "slug": "epipactis-veluwensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis veratrifolia",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Hohen.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952300",
      "slug": "epipactis-veratrifolia",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/epipactis-veratrifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis wartensteinii",
      "authorship": "F.Fohringer",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000022354",
      "slug": "epipactis-wartensteinii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis xanthophaea",
      "authorship": "Schltr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952318",
      "slug": "epipactis-xanthophaea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × barreana",
      "authorship": "B.Baumann & H.Baumann",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951964",
      "slug": "epipactis-barreana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × breinerorum",
      "authorship": "Batoušek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951972",
      "slug": "epipactis-breinerorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × bruxellensis",
      "authorship": "P.Delforge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951973",
      "slug": "epipactis-bruxellensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × cardonneae",
      "authorship": "J.-M.Lewin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951982",
      "slug": "epipactis-cardonneae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × conquensis",
      "authorship": "Benito & C.E.Hermos.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000951993",
      "slug": "epipactis-conquensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × gerbaudiorum",
      "authorship": "P.Delforge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952038",
      "slug": "epipactis-gerbaudiorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × gevaudanii",
      "authorship": "P.Delforge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952039",
      "slug": "epipactis-gevaudanii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × hanseniorum",
      "authorship": "Batoušek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000917723",
      "slug": "epipactis-hanseniorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × heterogama",
      "authorship": "M.Bayer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952104",
      "slug": "epipactis-heterogama",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × mohilewiensis",
      "authorship": "V.Lebedko & D.Dubovik",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001331167",
      "slug": "epipactis-mohilewiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × nicolosii",
      "authorship": "M.P.Grasso & Grillo",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000408334",
      "slug": "epipactis-nicolosii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × pupplingensis",
      "authorship": "K.P.Bell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952233",
      "slug": "epipactis-pupplingensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × reinekei",
      "authorship": "M.Bayer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952243",
      "slug": "epipactis-reinekei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × robatschii",
      "authorship": "Gévaudan & P.Delforge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794708",
      "slug": "epipactis-robatschii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × schmalhausenii",
      "authorship": "K.Richt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952261",
      "slug": "epipactis-schmalhausenii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × schulzei",
      "authorship": "P.Fourn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952263",
      "slug": "epipactis-schulzei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × soguksuensis",
      "authorship": "Kreutz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952268",
      "slug": "epipactis-soguksuensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × stephensonii",
      "authorship": "Godfery",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952275",
      "slug": "epipactis-stephensonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Epipactis × vermionensis",
      "authorship": "B.Baumann & H.Baumann",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000952301",
      "slug": "epipactis-vermionensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/epipactis/"
  }
}