{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/ephedra/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ephedra"
  },
  "genus": "Ephedra",
  "family": "Ephedraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/ephedraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 74,
  "documented_species": 32,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra alata",
      "authorship": "Decne.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794281",
      "slug": "ephedra-alata",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-alata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra altissima",
      "authorship": "Desf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794288",
      "slug": "ephedra-altissima",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-altissima/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra americana",
      "authorship": "Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794292",
      "slug": "ephedra-americana",
      "photographs_found": 23,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-americana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra antisyphilitica",
      "authorship": "Berland. ex C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794304",
      "slug": "ephedra-antisyphilitica",
      "photographs_found": 157,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-antisyphilitica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra aphylla",
      "authorship": "Forssk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794308",
      "slug": "ephedra-aphylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra aspera",
      "authorship": "Engelm. ex S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794315",
      "slug": "ephedra-aspera",
      "photographs_found": 219,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-aspera/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra aurantiaca",
      "authorship": "Takht. & Pachom.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794317",
      "slug": "ephedra-aurantiaca",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra aurea",
      "authorship": "Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Ilardi, Siracusa & Giusso",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000030037",
      "slug": "ephedra-aurea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra boelckei",
      "authorship": "F.A.Roig",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794318",
      "slug": "ephedra-boelckei",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-boelckei/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra botschantzevii",
      "authorship": "Pachom.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794320",
      "slug": "ephedra-botschantzevii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra breana",
      "authorship": "Phil.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794322",
      "slug": "ephedra-breana",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-breana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra brevifoliata",
      "authorship": "Ghahr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794323",
      "slug": "ephedra-brevifoliata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra californica",
      "authorship": "S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794325",
      "slug": "ephedra-californica",
      "photographs_found": 266,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-californica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra chengiae",
      "authorship": "Y.Yang & D.K.Ferguson",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000026886",
      "slug": "ephedra-chengiae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra chilensis",
      "authorship": "C.Presl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794328",
      "slug": "ephedra-chilensis",
      "photographs_found": 27,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-chilensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra ciliata",
      "authorship": "Fisch. & C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794330",
      "slug": "ephedra-ciliata",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-ciliata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra compacta",
      "authorship": "Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794337",
      "slug": "ephedra-compacta",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-compacta/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra coryi",
      "authorship": "E.L.Reed",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794338",
      "slug": "ephedra-coryi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra cutleri",
      "authorship": "Peebles",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794340",
      "slug": "ephedra-cutleri",
      "photographs_found": 10,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-cutleri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra dahurica",
      "authorship": "Turcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794341",
      "slug": "ephedra-dahurica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra dawuensis",
      "authorship": "Y.Yang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000808540",
      "slug": "ephedra-dawuensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra distachya",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794343",
      "slug": "ephedra-distachya",
      "photographs_found": 524,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-distachya/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra equisetina",
      "authorship": "Bunge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794353",
      "slug": "ephedra-equisetina",
      "photographs_found": 10,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-equisetina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra fasciculata",
      "authorship": "A.Nelson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794356",
      "slug": "ephedra-fasciculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra fedtschenkoi",
      "authorship": "Paulsen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794358",
      "slug": "ephedra-fedtschenkoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra foeminea",
      "authorship": "Forssk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794361",
      "slug": "ephedra-foeminea",
      "photographs_found": 47,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-foeminea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra fragilis",
      "authorship": "Desf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794366",
      "slug": "ephedra-fragilis",
      "photographs_found": 43,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-fragilis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra frustillata",
      "authorship": "Miers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794369",
      "slug": "ephedra-frustillata",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-frustillata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra funerea",
      "authorship": "Coville & C.V.Morton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794370",
      "slug": "ephedra-funerea",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-funerea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra gerardiana",
      "authorship": "Wall. ex Klotzsch & Garcke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001065135",
      "slug": "ephedra-gerardiana",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra gracilis",
      "authorship": "Phil. ex Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-1200061593",
      "slug": "ephedra-gracilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra holoptera",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794385",
      "slug": "ephedra-holoptera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra intermedia",
      "authorship": "Schrenk & C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794387",
      "slug": "ephedra-intermedia",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-intermedia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra kardangensis",
      "authorship": "P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000920448",
      "slug": "ephedra-kardangensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra laristanica",
      "authorship": "Assadi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794396",
      "slug": "ephedra-laristanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra likiangensis",
      "authorship": "Florin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794398",
      "slug": "ephedra-likiangensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra lomatolepis",
      "authorship": "Schrenk",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794402",
      "slug": "ephedra-lomatolepis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra milleri",
      "authorship": "Freitag & Maier-St.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794416",
      "slug": "ephedra-milleri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra minuta",
      "authorship": "Florin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794419",
      "slug": "ephedra-minuta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra monosperma",
      "authorship": "J.G.Gmel. ex C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794421",
      "slug": "ephedra-monosperma",
      "photographs_found": 26,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-monosperma/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra multiflora",
      "authorship": "Phil. ex Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794426",
      "slug": "ephedra-multiflora",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-multiflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra nebrodensis",
      "authorship": "Tineo ex Guss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794429",
      "slug": "ephedra-nebrodensis",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-nebrodensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra nevadensis",
      "authorship": "S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794434",
      "slug": "ephedra-nevadensis",
      "photographs_found": 754,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-nevadensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra ochreata",
      "authorship": "Miers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794442",
      "slug": "ephedra-ochreata",
      "photographs_found": 29,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-ochreata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra oxyphylla",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794444",
      "slug": "ephedra-oxyphylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra pachyclada",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794445",
      "slug": "ephedra-pachyclada",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra pedunculata",
      "authorship": "Engelm. ex S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794451",
      "slug": "ephedra-pedunculata",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-pedunculata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra pentandra",
      "authorship": "Pachom.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794453",
      "slug": "ephedra-pentandra",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra procera",
      "authorship": "C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794460",
      "slug": "ephedra-procera",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-procera/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra przewalskii",
      "authorship": "Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794461",
      "slug": "ephedra-przewalskii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra pseudodistachya",
      "authorship": "Pachom.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794463",
      "slug": "ephedra-pseudodistachya",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra regeliana",
      "authorship": "Florin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794466",
      "slug": "ephedra-regeliana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra rhytidosperma",
      "authorship": "Pachom.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794467",
      "slug": "ephedra-rhytidosperma",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra rituensis",
      "authorship": "Y.Yang, D.Z.Fu & G.H.Zhu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794470",
      "slug": "ephedra-rituensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra rupestris",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794472",
      "slug": "ephedra-rupestris",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-rupestris/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra sarcocarpa",
      "authorship": "Aitch. & Hemsl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794473",
      "slug": "ephedra-sarcocarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra saxatilis",
      "authorship": "(Stapf) Royle ex Florin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794474",
      "slug": "ephedra-saxatilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra sinica",
      "authorship": "Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794481",
      "slug": "ephedra-sinica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra somalensis",
      "authorship": "Freitag & Maier-St.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794482",
      "slug": "ephedra-somalensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra stipitata",
      "authorship": "J.Biswas & Rita Singh",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000030038",
      "slug": "ephedra-stipitata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra strobilacea",
      "authorship": "Bunge",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794484",
      "slug": "ephedra-strobilacea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra strongylensis",
      "authorship": "Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Ilardi, Siracusa, Miniss. & Giuss",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000043231",
      "slug": "ephedra-strongylensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra tilhoana",
      "authorship": "Maire",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794490",
      "slug": "ephedra-tilhoana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra torreyana",
      "authorship": "S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794491",
      "slug": "ephedra-torreyana",
      "photographs_found": 182,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-torreyana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra transitoria",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794492",
      "slug": "ephedra-transitoria",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra triandra",
      "authorship": "Tul.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794493",
      "slug": "ephedra-triandra",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-triandra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra trifurca",
      "authorship": "Torr. ex S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794495",
      "slug": "ephedra-trifurca",
      "photographs_found": 1067,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-trifurca/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra trifurcata",
      "authorship": "Zöllner",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794496",
      "slug": "ephedra-trifurcata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra tweedieana",
      "authorship": "C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794497",
      "slug": "ephedra-tweedieana",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-tweedieana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra viridis",
      "authorship": "Coville",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794501",
      "slug": "ephedra-viridis",
      "photographs_found": 626,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ephedra-viridis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra vvedenskyi",
      "authorship": "Pachom.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794508",
      "slug": "ephedra-vvedenskyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra yangthangensis",
      "authorship": "P.Sharma & Rita Singh",
      "wfo": "wfo-1200061598",
      "slug": "ephedra-yangthangensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra × arenicola",
      "authorship": "H.C.Cutler",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794312",
      "slug": "ephedra-arenicola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ephedra × eleutherolepis",
      "authorship": "V.A.Nikitin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000794351",
      "slug": "ephedra-eleutherolepis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/ephedra/"
  }
}