{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/encephalartos/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "encephalartos"
  },
  "genus": "Encephalartos",
  "family": "Zamiaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/zamiaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 68,
  "documented_species": 7,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos aemulans",
      "authorship": "Vorster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667331",
      "slug": "encephalartos-aemulans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos afer",
      "authorship": "(Thunb.) Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667350",
      "slug": "encephalartos-afer",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos altensteinii",
      "authorship": "Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667332",
      "slug": "encephalartos-altensteinii",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/encephalartos-altensteinii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos aplanatus",
      "authorship": "Vorster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667344",
      "slug": "encephalartos-aplanatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos arenarius",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667345",
      "slug": "encephalartos-arenarius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos barteri",
      "authorship": "Carruth. ex Miq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667346",
      "slug": "encephalartos-barteri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos brevifoliolatus",
      "authorship": "Vorster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667348",
      "slug": "encephalartos-brevifoliolatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos bubalinus",
      "authorship": "Melville",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667349",
      "slug": "encephalartos-bubalinus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos cerinus",
      "authorship": "Lavranos & D.L.Goode",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667357",
      "slug": "encephalartos-cerinus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos chimanimaniensis",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer & I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667358",
      "slug": "encephalartos-chimanimaniensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos concinnus",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer & I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667359",
      "slug": "encephalartos-concinnus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos cupidus",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667360",
      "slug": "encephalartos-cupidus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos cycadifolius",
      "authorship": "(Jacq.) Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667361",
      "slug": "encephalartos-cycadifolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos delucanus",
      "authorship": "Malaisse, J.P.Sclavo & C.Crosiers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667366",
      "slug": "encephalartos-delucanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos dolomiticus",
      "authorship": "Lavranos & D.L.Goode",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667368",
      "slug": "encephalartos-dolomiticus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos dyerianus",
      "authorship": "Lavranos & D.L.Goode",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667371",
      "slug": "encephalartos-dyerianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos equatorialis",
      "authorship": "P.J.H.Hurter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667373",
      "slug": "encephalartos-equatorialis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos eugene-maraisii",
      "authorship": "I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667374",
      "slug": "encephalartos-eugene-maraisii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos ferox",
      "authorship": "G.Bertol.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667378",
      "slug": "encephalartos-ferox",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi",
      "authorship": "Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667380",
      "slug": "encephalartos-friderici-guilielmi",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos ghellinckii",
      "authorship": "Lem.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667381",
      "slug": "encephalartos-ghellinckii",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/encephalartos-ghellinckii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos gratus",
      "authorship": "Prain",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667383",
      "slug": "encephalartos-gratus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos heenanii",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667385",
      "slug": "encephalartos-heenanii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos hildebrandtii",
      "authorship": "A.Braun & C.D.Bouché",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667386",
      "slug": "encephalartos-hildebrandtii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos hirsutus",
      "authorship": "P.J.H.Hurter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667388",
      "slug": "encephalartos-hirsutus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos horridus",
      "authorship": "(Jacq.) Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667389",
      "slug": "encephalartos-horridus",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/encephalartos-horridus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos humilis",
      "authorship": "I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667394",
      "slug": "encephalartos-humilis",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos inopinus",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667396",
      "slug": "encephalartos-inopinus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos ituriensis",
      "authorship": "Bamps & Lisowski",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667397",
      "slug": "encephalartos-ituriensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos kisambo",
      "authorship": "Faden & Beentje",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667399",
      "slug": "encephalartos-kisambo",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos laevifolius",
      "authorship": "Stapf & Burtt Davy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667401",
      "slug": "encephalartos-laevifolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos lanatus",
      "authorship": "Stapf & Burtt Davy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667402",
      "slug": "encephalartos-lanatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos latifrons",
      "authorship": "Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667405",
      "slug": "encephalartos-latifrons",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos laurentianus",
      "authorship": "De Wild.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667406",
      "slug": "encephalartos-laurentianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos lebomboensis",
      "authorship": "I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667407",
      "slug": "encephalartos-lebomboensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos lehmannii",
      "authorship": "Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667408",
      "slug": "encephalartos-lehmannii",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos longifolius",
      "authorship": "(Jacq.) Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667414",
      "slug": "encephalartos-longifolius",
      "photographs_found": 30,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/encephalartos-longifolius/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos mackenziei",
      "authorship": "L.E.Newton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667419",
      "slug": "encephalartos-mackenziei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos macrostrobilus",
      "authorship": "Scott Jones & J.Wynants",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667421",
      "slug": "encephalartos-macrostrobilus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos manikensis",
      "authorship": "(Gilliland) Gilliland",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667422",
      "slug": "encephalartos-manikensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos marunguensis",
      "authorship": "Devred",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667424",
      "slug": "encephalartos-marunguensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos middelburgensis",
      "authorship": "Vorster, Robbertse & S.van der Westh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667426",
      "slug": "encephalartos-middelburgensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos msinganus",
      "authorship": "Vorster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667429",
      "slug": "encephalartos-msinganus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos munchii",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer & I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667430",
      "slug": "encephalartos-munchii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos natalensis",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer & I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667433",
      "slug": "encephalartos-natalensis",
      "photographs_found": 28,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/encephalartos-natalensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos ngoyanus",
      "authorship": "I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667434",
      "slug": "encephalartos-ngoyanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos nubimontanus",
      "authorship": "P.J.H.Hurter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667435",
      "slug": "encephalartos-nubimontanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos paucidentatus",
      "authorship": "Stapf & Burtt Davy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667437",
      "slug": "encephalartos-paucidentatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos poggei",
      "authorship": "Asch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667439",
      "slug": "encephalartos-poggei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos princeps",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667441",
      "slug": "encephalartos-princeps",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos pterogonus",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer & I.Verd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667444",
      "slug": "encephalartos-pterogonus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos relictus",
      "authorship": "P.J.H.Hurter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667448",
      "slug": "encephalartos-relictus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos schaijesii",
      "authorship": "Malaisse, J.P.Sclavo & C.Crosiers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667449",
      "slug": "encephalartos-schaijesii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos schmitzii",
      "authorship": "Malaisse",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667450",
      "slug": "encephalartos-schmitzii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos sclavoi",
      "authorship": "De Luca, D.W.Stev. & A.Moretti",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667451",
      "slug": "encephalartos-sclavoi-de-luca-d-w-stev-a-moretti",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos sclavoi",
      "authorship": "A.Moretti, D.W.Stev. & De Luca",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000071266",
      "slug": "encephalartos-sclavoi-a-moretti-d-w-stev-de-luca",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos senticosus",
      "authorship": "Vorster",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667452",
      "slug": "encephalartos-senticosus",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos septentrionalis",
      "authorship": "Schweinf. ex Eichl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667454",
      "slug": "encephalartos-septentrionalis-schweinf-ex-eichl",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos septentrionalis",
      "authorship": "Schweinf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001301575",
      "slug": "encephalartos-septentrionalis-schweinf",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos spinulosus",
      "authorship": "Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667455",
      "slug": "encephalartos-spinulosus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos tegulaneus",
      "authorship": "Melville",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667461",
      "slug": "encephalartos-tegulaneus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos transvenosus",
      "authorship": "Stapf & Burtt Davy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667462",
      "slug": "encephalartos-transvenosus",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/encephalartos-transvenosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos trispinosus",
      "authorship": "(Hook.) R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667466",
      "slug": "encephalartos-trispinosus",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos turneri",
      "authorship": "Lavranos & D.Goode",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667467",
      "slug": "encephalartos-turneri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos umbeluziensis",
      "authorship": "R.A.Dyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667468",
      "slug": "encephalartos-umbeluziensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos villosus",
      "authorship": "Lem.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667473",
      "slug": "encephalartos-villosus",
      "photographs_found": 27,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/encephalartos-villosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos whitelockii",
      "authorship": "P.J.H.Hurter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667479",
      "slug": "encephalartos-whitelockii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Encephalartos woodii",
      "authorship": "Sander",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000667480",
      "slug": "encephalartos-woodii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/encephalartos/"
  }
}