{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/cynoglossum/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "cynoglossum"
  },
  "genus": "Cynoglossum",
  "family": "Boraginaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/boraginaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 81,
  "documented_species": 17,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum aequinoctiale",
      "authorship": "T.C.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633888",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-aequinoctiale",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum alpestre",
      "authorship": "Ohwi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633893",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-alpestre",
      "photographs_found": 13,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-alpestre/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum alpinum",
      "authorship": "(Brand) Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633894",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-alpinum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum alticola",
      "authorship": "Hilliard & B.L.Burtt",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633896",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-alticola",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum amabile",
      "authorship": "Stapf & J.R.Drumm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633897",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-amabile",
      "photographs_found": 92,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-amabile/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum amplifolium",
      "authorship": "Hochst. ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633903",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-amplifolium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum asperrimum",
      "authorship": "Nakai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633917",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-asperrimum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum australe",
      "authorship": "R.Br.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633921",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-australe",
      "photographs_found": 36,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-australe/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum austroafricanum",
      "authorship": "Hilliard & B.L.Burtt",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633924",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-austroafricanum",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-austroafricanum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum baeticum",
      "authorship": "Sutorý",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000506937",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-baeticum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum barbaricinum",
      "authorship": "Arrigoni & Selvi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000748897",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-barbaricinum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum birkinshawii",
      "authorship": "J.S.Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633932",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-birkinshawii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum borbonicum",
      "authorship": "(Lam.) Bory",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633933",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-borbonicum",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum bottae",
      "authorship": "Deflers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633935",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-bottae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum castaneum",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633945",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-castaneum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum castellanum",
      "authorship": "Pau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633946",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-castellanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum celebicum",
      "authorship": "Brand",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633950",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-celebicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum cernuum",
      "authorship": "Baker",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633952",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-cernuum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum cheranganiense",
      "authorship": "Verdc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633956",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-cheranganiense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum clandestinum",
      "authorship": "Desf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633960",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-clandestinum",
      "photographs_found": 14,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-clandestinum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum coeruleum",
      "authorship": "Hochst. ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633965",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-coeruleum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum columnae",
      "authorship": "Biv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633969",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-columnae",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-columnae/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum creticum",
      "authorship": "Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633973",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-creticum",
      "photographs_found": 404,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-creticum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum densefoliatum",
      "authorship": "Chiov.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001327680",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-densefoliatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum densifoliatum",
      "authorship": "Chiov.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633984",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-densifoliatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum dioscoridis",
      "authorship": "Vill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633987",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-dioscoridis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum divaricatum",
      "authorship": "Steph. ex Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633991",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-divaricatum",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-divaricatum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum gansuense",
      "authorship": "Y.L.Liu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634018",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-gansuense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum germanicum",
      "authorship": "Jacq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634020",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-germanicum",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-germanicum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum glabellum",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634025",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-glabellum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum hanangense",
      "authorship": "Verdc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634036",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-hanangense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum hellwigii",
      "authorship": "Brand",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634038",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-hellwigii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum hispidum",
      "authorship": "Thunb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634045",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-hispidum",
      "photographs_found": 26,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-hispidum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum holosericeum",
      "authorship": "Steven",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634048",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-holosericeum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum inyangense",
      "authorship": "E.S.Martins",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634059",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-inyangense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum javanicum",
      "authorship": "Thunb. ex Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634061",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-javanicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum kandavanensis",
      "authorship": "(Bornm. & Gauba) Akhani",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634063",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-kandavanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum karamojense",
      "authorship": "Verdc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634064",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-karamojense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum krasniqii",
      "authorship": "Wraber",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634065",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-krasniqii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum lanceolatum",
      "authorship": "Forssk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634074",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-lanceolatum",
      "photographs_found": 45,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-lanceolatum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum lowryanum",
      "authorship": "J.S.Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634103",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-lowryanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum macrocalycinum",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634107",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-macrocalycinum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum macrolimbe",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634108",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-macrolimbe",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum magellense",
      "authorship": "Ten.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634113",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-magellense",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-magellense/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum maghrebicum",
      "authorship": "Sutorý",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001346942",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-maghrebicum",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-maghrebicum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum meeboldii",
      "authorship": "Brand",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634119",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-meeboldii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum microglochin",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634125",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-microglochin",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum modorense",
      "authorship": "Rechinger",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001327685",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-modorense-0001327685",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum monophlebium",
      "authorship": "Baker",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634132",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-monophlebium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum montanum",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634133",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-montanum",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-montanum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum natolicum",
      "authorship": "(Bornm.) Sutorý",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001346939",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-natolicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum nebrodense",
      "authorship": "Guss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634140",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-nebrodense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum nova-guineense",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634148",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-nova-guineense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum obtusicalyx",
      "authorship": "Retief & A.E.van Wyk",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634150",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-obtusicalyx",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum officinale",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634152",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-officinale",
      "photographs_found": 1856,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-officinale/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum paniculatum",
      "authorship": "Poepp.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634159",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-paniculatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum papuanum",
      "authorship": "Schltr. ex Brand",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634167",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-papuanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum pustulatum",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634192",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-pustulatum",
      "photographs_found": 11,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-pustulatum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum rochelia",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634204",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-rochelia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum sabirense",
      "authorship": "(R.R.Mill & A.G.Mill.) J.R.I.Wood",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634212",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-sabirense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum semnanicum",
      "authorship": "Khat.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634218",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-semnanicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum seravschanicum",
      "authorship": "Popov",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634219",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-seravschanicum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum spelaeum",
      "authorship": "Hilliard & B.L.Burtt",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634226",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-spelaeum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum sphacioticum",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Heldr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634227",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-sphacioticum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum stewartii",
      "authorship": "Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634232",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-stewartii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum timorense",
      "authorship": "Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634244",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-timorense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum trinervium",
      "authorship": "(Duthie) Greuter & Stier",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001342252",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-trinervium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum triste",
      "authorship": "Diels",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634248",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-triste",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum trollii",
      "authorship": "Melch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634250",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-trollii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum tsaratananense",
      "authorship": "J.S.Mill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634252",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-tsaratananense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum ukaguruense",
      "authorship": "Verdc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634255",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-ukaguruense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum vanense",
      "authorship": "Sutorý",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634259",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-vanense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum viridiflorum",
      "authorship": "Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001327689",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-viridiflorum-willd-ex-roem-schult",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum viridiflorum",
      "authorship": "Pall. ex Lehm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634271",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-viridiflorum-pall-ex-lehm",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum wallichii",
      "authorship": "G.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634273",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-wallichii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum wildii",
      "authorship": "E.S.Martins",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634278",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-wildii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum yemenense",
      "authorship": "(R.R.Mill & A.G.Mill.) Verdc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634280",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-yemenense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum zeylanicum",
      "authorship": "(Sw. ex Lehm.) Thunb. ex Brand",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634282",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-zeylanicum",
      "photographs_found": 50,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cynoglossum-zeylanicum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum × austriacum",
      "authorship": "Rech.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000633923",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-austriacum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum × legionense",
      "authorship": "Rothm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634087",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-legionense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Cynoglossum × modorense",
      "authorship": "Rech.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000634127",
      "slug": "cynoglossum-modorense-0000634127",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/cynoglossum/"
  }
}