{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/copiapoa/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "copiapoa"
  },
  "genus": "Copiapoa",
  "family": "Cactaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/cactaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 36,
  "documented_species": 14,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa angustiflora",
      "authorship": "Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & Mächler",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000506877",
      "slug": "copiapoa-angustiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa aphanes",
      "authorship": "Mächler & Helmut Walter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619663",
      "slug": "copiapoa-aphanes",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa armata",
      "authorship": "(F.Ritter) Helmut Walter & Larridon",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001430498",
      "slug": "copiapoa-armata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa atacamensis",
      "authorship": "Middled.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619665",
      "slug": "copiapoa-atacamensis",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-atacamensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa australis",
      "authorship": "(Hoxey) Helmut Walter & Larridon",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001430500",
      "slug": "copiapoa-australis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa calderana",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619669",
      "slug": "copiapoa-calderana",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa cinerascens",
      "authorship": "(Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619677",
      "slug": "copiapoa-cinerascens",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-cinerascens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa cinerea",
      "authorship": "(Phil.) Britton & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619680",
      "slug": "copiapoa-cinerea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa conglomerata",
      "authorship": "(Phil.) Lembcke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619700",
      "slug": "copiapoa-conglomerata",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-conglomerata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa coquimbana",
      "authorship": "(Karw. ex Rümpler) Britton & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619702",
      "slug": "copiapoa-coquimbana",
      "photographs_found": 21,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-coquimbana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa corralensis",
      "authorship": "I.Schaub & Keim",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001430506",
      "slug": "copiapoa-corralensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa dealbata",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619715",
      "slug": "copiapoa-dealbata",
      "photographs_found": 21,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-dealbata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa decorticans",
      "authorship": "N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619719",
      "slug": "copiapoa-decorticans",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-decorticans/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa desertorum",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619720",
      "slug": "copiapoa-desertorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa echinata",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619723",
      "slug": "copiapoa-echinata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa echinoides",
      "authorship": "(Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619726",
      "slug": "copiapoa-echinoides",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-echinoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa esmeraldana",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619730",
      "slug": "copiapoa-esmeraldana",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-esmeraldana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa fiedleriana",
      "authorship": "(K.Schum.) Backeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619732",
      "slug": "copiapoa-fiedleriana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa gigantea",
      "authorship": "Backeb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619733",
      "slug": "copiapoa-gigantea",
      "photographs_found": 30,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-gigantea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa grandiflora",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619736",
      "slug": "copiapoa-grandiflora",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-grandiflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa humilis",
      "authorship": "(Phil.) Hutch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619741",
      "slug": "copiapoa-humilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa hypogaea",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619752",
      "slug": "copiapoa-hypogaea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa laui",
      "authorship": "Diers",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619762",
      "slug": "copiapoa-laui",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa leonensis",
      "authorship": "I.Schaub & Keim",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000506879",
      "slug": "copiapoa-leonensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa longispina",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619764",
      "slug": "copiapoa-longispina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa longistaminea",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619765",
      "slug": "copiapoa-longistaminea",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-longistaminea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa marginata",
      "authorship": "(Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619770",
      "slug": "copiapoa-marginata",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-marginata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa megarhiza",
      "authorship": "Britton & Rose",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619772",
      "slug": "copiapoa-megarhiza",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa mollicula",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619777",
      "slug": "copiapoa-mollicula",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa montana",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619778",
      "slug": "copiapoa-montana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa rarissima",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619794",
      "slug": "copiapoa-rarissima",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa rupestris",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619796",
      "slug": "copiapoa-rupestris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa serpentisulcata",
      "authorship": "F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619803",
      "slug": "copiapoa-serpentisulcata",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-serpentisulcata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa solaris",
      "authorship": "(F.Ritter) F.Ritter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619805",
      "slug": "copiapoa-solaris",
      "photographs_found": 11,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/copiapoa-solaris/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa taltalensis",
      "authorship": "(Werderm.) Looser",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619807",
      "slug": "copiapoa-taltalensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Copiapoa × scopa",
      "authorship": "Doweld",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000619801",
      "slug": "copiapoa-scopa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/copiapoa/"
  }
}