{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/colubrina/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "colubrina"
  },
  "genus": "Colubrina",
  "family": "Rhamnaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/rhamnaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 36,
  "documented_species": 10,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina alluaudii",
      "authorship": "(H.Perrier) Capuron",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615205",
      "slug": "colubrina-alluaudii",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina amazonica",
      "authorship": "W.Palacios",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001343511",
      "slug": "colubrina-amazonica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina angustior",
      "authorship": "(M.C.Johnst.) G.L.Nesom",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001336189",
      "slug": "colubrina-angustior",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina arborescens",
      "authorship": "(Mill.) Sarg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615210",
      "slug": "colubrina-arborescens",
      "photographs_found": 44,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-arborescens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina articulata",
      "authorship": "(Capuron) Figueiredo",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615211",
      "slug": "colubrina-articulata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina asiatica",
      "authorship": "Brongn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615212",
      "slug": "colubrina-asiatica",
      "photographs_found": 89,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-asiatica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina beccariana",
      "authorship": "Warb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615216",
      "slug": "colubrina-beccariana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina berteroana",
      "authorship": "Urb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615217",
      "slug": "colubrina-berteroana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina californica",
      "authorship": "I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615219",
      "slug": "colubrina-californica",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-californica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina celtidifolia",
      "authorship": "(Schltdl. & Cham.) Schltdl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615220",
      "slug": "colubrina-celtidifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina cordifolia",
      "authorship": "Reissek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615222",
      "slug": "colubrina-cordifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina cubensis",
      "authorship": "Brongn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615225",
      "slug": "colubrina-cubensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina decipiens",
      "authorship": "(Baill.) Capuron",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615228",
      "slug": "colubrina-decipiens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina ehrenbergii",
      "authorship": "Schltdl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615229",
      "slug": "colubrina-ehrenbergii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina elliptica",
      "authorship": "(Sw.) Briz. & W.L.Stern",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615231",
      "slug": "colubrina-elliptica",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-elliptica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina faraloatra",
      "authorship": "(H.Perrier) Capuron",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615234",
      "slug": "colubrina-faraloatra",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina glandulosa",
      "authorship": "Perkins",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615244",
      "slug": "colubrina-glandulosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina greggii",
      "authorship": "S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615253",
      "slug": "colubrina-greggii",
      "photographs_found": 47,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-greggii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina heteroneura",
      "authorship": "(Griseb.) Standl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615258",
      "slug": "colubrina-heteroneura",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-heteroneura/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina humbertii",
      "authorship": "(H.Perrier) Capuron",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615260",
      "slug": "colubrina-humbertii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina johnstonii",
      "authorship": "T.Wendt",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615265",
      "slug": "colubrina-johnstonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina macrocarpa",
      "authorship": "(Cav.) G.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615269",
      "slug": "colubrina-macrocarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina nicholsonii",
      "authorship": "A.E.van Wyk & Schrire",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615282",
      "slug": "colubrina-nicholsonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina obscura",
      "authorship": "(Schrank) M.C.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615284",
      "slug": "colubrina-obscura",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina oppositifolia",
      "authorship": "Brongn. ex H.Mann",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615286",
      "slug": "colubrina-oppositifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina pedunculata",
      "authorship": "Baker f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615292",
      "slug": "colubrina-pedunculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina retusa",
      "authorship": "(Pittier) R.S.Cowan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615299",
      "slug": "colubrina-retusa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina sordida",
      "authorship": "M.C.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615308",
      "slug": "colubrina-sordida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina spinosa",
      "authorship": "Donn.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615309",
      "slug": "colubrina-spinosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina stricta",
      "authorship": "Engelm. ex M.C.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615313",
      "slug": "colubrina-stricta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina texensis",
      "authorship": "(Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615315",
      "slug": "colubrina-texensis",
      "photographs_found": 229,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-texensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina travancorica",
      "authorship": "Bedd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615318",
      "slug": "colubrina-travancorica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina triflora",
      "authorship": "Brongn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615319",
      "slug": "colubrina-triflora",
      "photographs_found": 60,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-triflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina verrucosa",
      "authorship": "(Urb.) M.C.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615331",
      "slug": "colubrina-verrucosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina viridis",
      "authorship": "(M.E.Jones) M.C.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000615332",
      "slug": "colubrina-viridis",
      "photographs_found": 33,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-viridis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Colubrina yucatanensis",
      "authorship": "(M.C.Johnst.) G.L.Nesom",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001336190",
      "slug": "colubrina-yucatanensis",
      "photographs_found": 10,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/colubrina-yucatanensis/"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/colubrina/"
  }
}