{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/clethra/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "clethra"
  },
  "genus": "Clethra",
  "family": "Clethraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/clethraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 87,
  "documented_species": 17,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra acuminata",
      "authorship": "Michx.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000887958",
      "slug": "clethra-acuminata",
      "photographs_found": 109,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-acuminata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra albertinae",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000029727",
      "slug": "clethra-albertinae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra alcoceri",
      "authorship": "Greenm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000887968",
      "slug": "clethra-alcoceri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra alexandri",
      "authorship": "Griseb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000887978",
      "slug": "clethra-alexandri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra alnifolia",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000887989",
      "slug": "clethra-alnifolia",
      "photographs_found": 1125,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-alnifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra arborea",
      "authorship": "Aiton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888109",
      "slug": "clethra-arborea",
      "photographs_found": 71,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-arborea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra arfakana",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888131",
      "slug": "clethra-arfakana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra barbinervis",
      "authorship": "Siebold & Zucc.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888152",
      "slug": "clethra-barbinervis",
      "photographs_found": 55,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-barbinervis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra bodinieri",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888185",
      "slug": "clethra-bodinieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra canescens",
      "authorship": "Reinw. ex Blume",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888378",
      "slug": "clethra-canescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra cardenasii",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888442",
      "slug": "clethra-cardenasii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra castaneifolia",
      "authorship": "Meisn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888464",
      "slug": "clethra-castaneifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra chiapensis",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888507",
      "slug": "clethra-chiapensis",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra concordia",
      "authorship": "D.A.Neill, H.Beltrán & Quizhpe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001278921",
      "slug": "clethra-concordia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra consimilis",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888562",
      "slug": "clethra-consimilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra conzattiana",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888573",
      "slug": "clethra-conzattiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra costaricensis",
      "authorship": "Britton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888595",
      "slug": "clethra-costaricensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra crispa",
      "authorship": "Gust.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888606",
      "slug": "clethra-crispa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra cubensis",
      "authorship": "A.Rich.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888617",
      "slug": "clethra-cubensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra cuneata",
      "authorship": "Rusby",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888628",
      "slug": "clethra-cuneata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra delavayi",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888647",
      "slug": "clethra-delavayi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra elongata",
      "authorship": "Rusby",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888709",
      "slug": "clethra-elongata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra fabri",
      "authorship": "Hance",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888739",
      "slug": "clethra-fabri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra fagifolia",
      "authorship": "Kunth",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888771",
      "slug": "clethra-fagifolia",
      "photographs_found": 23,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-fagifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra fargesii",
      "authorship": "Franch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888814",
      "slug": "clethra-fargesii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra ferruginea",
      "authorship": "(Ruiz & Pav.) Link ex Spreng.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888825",
      "slug": "clethra-ferruginea",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-ferruginea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra fimbriata",
      "authorship": "Kunth",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888836",
      "slug": "clethra-fimbriata",
      "photographs_found": 31,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-fimbriata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra formosa",
      "authorship": "E.Alfaro & J.F.Morales",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000808189",
      "slug": "clethra-formosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra fragrans",
      "authorship": "L.M.González & R.Delgad.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000835186",
      "slug": "clethra-fragrans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra galeottiana",
      "authorship": "Briq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888847",
      "slug": "clethra-galeottiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra gelida",
      "authorship": "Standl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888869",
      "slug": "clethra-gelida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra guyanensis",
      "authorship": "Klotzsch ex Meisn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888943",
      "slug": "clethra-guyanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra hartwegii",
      "authorship": "Britton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888954",
      "slug": "clethra-hartwegii",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-hartwegii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra hendersonii",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888965",
      "slug": "clethra-hendersonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra hirsutovillosa",
      "authorship": "S.Valencia & Cruz Durán",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000923226",
      "slug": "clethra-hirsutovillosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra hondurensis",
      "authorship": "Britton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000888977",
      "slug": "clethra-hondurensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra javanica",
      "authorship": "Turcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889032",
      "slug": "clethra-javanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra kaipoensis",
      "authorship": "H.Lév.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889073",
      "slug": "clethra-kaipoensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra kebarensis",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889118",
      "slug": "clethra-kebarensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra lanata",
      "authorship": "M.Martens & Galeotti",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889173",
      "slug": "clethra-lanata",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-lanata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra licanioides",
      "authorship": "Standl. & Steyerm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889230",
      "slug": "clethra-licanioides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra longispicata",
      "authorship": "J.J.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889272",
      "slug": "clethra-longispicata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra luzmariae",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889294",
      "slug": "clethra-luzmariae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra macrophylla",
      "authorship": "M.Martens & Galeotti",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889316",
      "slug": "clethra-macrophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra mexicana",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889388",
      "slug": "clethra-mexicana",
      "photographs_found": 56,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-mexicana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra motozintlana",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000039927",
      "slug": "clethra-motozintlana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra oaxacana",
      "authorship": "C.W.Ham.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889564",
      "slug": "clethra-oaxacana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra obovata",
      "authorship": "(Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889595",
      "slug": "clethra-obovata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra occidentalis",
      "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889627",
      "slug": "clethra-occidentalis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra oleoides",
      "authorship": "L.O.Williams",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889638",
      "slug": "clethra-oleoides",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra ovalifolia",
      "authorship": "Turcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889659",
      "slug": "clethra-ovalifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra pachecoana",
      "authorship": "Standl. & Steyerm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889669",
      "slug": "clethra-pachecoana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra pachyphylla",
      "authorship": "Merr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889680",
      "slug": "clethra-pachyphylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra papuana",
      "authorship": "J.J.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889735",
      "slug": "clethra-papuana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra parallelinervia",
      "authorship": "Gust.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889764",
      "slug": "clethra-parallelinervia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra pedicellaris",
      "authorship": "Turcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889785",
      "slug": "clethra-pedicellaris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra peruviana",
      "authorship": "Szyszyl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889796",
      "slug": "clethra-peruviana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra petelotii",
      "authorship": "Dop & Troch.-Marq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889807",
      "slug": "clethra-petelotii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra poilanei",
      "authorship": "Gagnep. ex Dop",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889828",
      "slug": "clethra-poilanei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra pringlei",
      "authorship": "S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889844",
      "slug": "clethra-pringlei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra pulgarensis",
      "authorship": "Elmer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889888",
      "slug": "clethra-pulgarensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra purpusii",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000835185",
      "slug": "clethra-purpusii",
      "photographs_found": 10,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-purpusii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra pyrogena",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889943",
      "slug": "clethra-pyrogena",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra repanda",
      "authorship": "Turcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889965",
      "slug": "clethra-repanda",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra retivenia",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889975",
      "slug": "clethra-retivenia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra revoluta",
      "authorship": "(Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889986",
      "slug": "clethra-revoluta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra rosei",
      "authorship": "Britton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889996",
      "slug": "clethra-rosei",
      "photographs_found": 22,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-rosei/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra rugosa",
      "authorship": "Steyerm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890007",
      "slug": "clethra-rugosa",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-rugosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra scabra",
      "authorship": "Pers.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890029",
      "slug": "clethra-scabra",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-scabra/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra secazu",
      "authorship": "J.F.Morales",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000003565",
      "slug": "clethra-secazu",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra skutchii",
      "authorship": "Standl. & Steyerm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890128",
      "slug": "clethra-skutchii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra sleumeriana",
      "authorship": "K.S.Hao",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890139",
      "slug": "clethra-sleumeriana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra standleyana",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000029728",
      "slug": "clethra-standleyana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra suaveolens",
      "authorship": "Turcz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890200",
      "slug": "clethra-suaveolens",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-suaveolens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra sumatrana",
      "authorship": "J.J.Sm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890209",
      "slug": "clethra-sumatrana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra sumbawaensis",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890220",
      "slug": "clethra-sumbawaensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra symingtonii",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890230",
      "slug": "clethra-symingtonii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra tacanensis",
      "authorship": "Lundell ex L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000039928",
      "slug": "clethra-tacanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra talamancana",
      "authorship": "C.W.Ham.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890241",
      "slug": "clethra-talamancana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra tomentella",
      "authorship": "Rolfe ex Dunn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890265",
      "slug": "clethra-tomentella",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra tomentosa",
      "authorship": "Lam.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890275",
      "slug": "clethra-tomentosa",
      "photographs_found": 42,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-tomentosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra tutensis",
      "authorship": "C.W.Ham.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890295",
      "slug": "clethra-tutensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra tuxtlensis",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000835184",
      "slug": "clethra-tuxtlensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra uleana",
      "authorship": "Sleumer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890303",
      "slug": "clethra-uleana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra vicentina",
      "authorship": "Standl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000890314",
      "slug": "clethra-vicentina",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/clethra-vicentina/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra zunila",
      "authorship": "L.M.González",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000039929",
      "slug": "clethra-zunila",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Clethra × parvifolia",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000889774",
      "slug": "clethra-parvifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/clethra/"
  }
}