{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/ceanothus/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ceanothus"
  },
  "genus": "Ceanothus",
  "family": "Rhamnaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/rhamnaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 69,
  "documented_species": 47,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus americanus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591761",
      "slug": "ceanothus-americanus",
      "photographs_found": 587,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-americanus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus arboreus",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591769",
      "slug": "ceanothus-arboreus",
      "photographs_found": 43,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-arboreus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus bakeri",
      "authorship": "Greene ex McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591782",
      "slug": "ceanothus-bakeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus bolensis",
      "authorship": "S.Boyd & J.E.Keeley",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591786",
      "slug": "ceanothus-bolensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus buxifolius",
      "authorship": "Willd. ex Schult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591789",
      "slug": "ceanothus-buxifolius",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-buxifolius/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus caeruleus",
      "authorship": "Lag.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591790",
      "slug": "ceanothus-caeruleus",
      "photographs_found": 89,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-caeruleus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus confusus",
      "authorship": "J.T.Howell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591802",
      "slug": "ceanothus-confusus",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-confusus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus connivens",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591803",
      "slug": "ceanothus-connivens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus cordulatus",
      "authorship": "Kellogg",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591804",
      "slug": "ceanothus-cordulatus",
      "photographs_found": 366,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-cordulatus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus crassifolius",
      "authorship": "Torr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591805",
      "slug": "ceanothus-crassifolius",
      "photographs_found": 246,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-crassifolius/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus cuneatus",
      "authorship": "(Hook.) Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591808",
      "slug": "ceanothus-cuneatus",
      "photographs_found": 810,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-cuneatus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus cyaneus",
      "authorship": "Eastw.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591825",
      "slug": "ceanothus-cyaneus",
      "photographs_found": 88,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-cyaneus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus decornutus",
      "authorship": "V.T.Parker",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001330061",
      "slug": "ceanothus-decornutus",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus dentatus",
      "authorship": "Torr. & A.Gray",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591829",
      "slug": "ceanothus-dentatus",
      "photographs_found": 38,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-dentatus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus depressus",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591836",
      "slug": "ceanothus-depressus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus divergens",
      "authorship": "Parry",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591846",
      "slug": "ceanothus-divergens",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-divergens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus diversifolius",
      "authorship": "Kellogg",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591849",
      "slug": "ceanothus-diversifolius",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-diversifolius/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus fendleri",
      "authorship": "A.Gray",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591858",
      "slug": "ceanothus-fendleri",
      "photographs_found": 278,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-fendleri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus ferrisiae",
      "authorship": "McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591863",
      "slug": "ceanothus-ferrisiae",
      "photographs_found": 32,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-ferrisiae/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus foliosus",
      "authorship": "Parry",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591869",
      "slug": "ceanothus-foliosus",
      "photographs_found": 69,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-foliosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus fresnensis",
      "authorship": "Dudley ex Abrams",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591875",
      "slug": "ceanothus-fresnensis",
      "photographs_found": 14,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-fresnensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus gloriosus",
      "authorship": "J.T.Howell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591883",
      "slug": "ceanothus-gloriosus",
      "photographs_found": 16,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-gloriosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus griseus",
      "authorship": "(Trel. ex B.L.Rob.) McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591904",
      "slug": "ceanothus-griseus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus hearstiorum",
      "authorship": "Hoover & Roof",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591908",
      "slug": "ceanothus-hearstiorum",
      "photographs_found": 13,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-hearstiorum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus herbaceus",
      "authorship": "Raf.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591909",
      "slug": "ceanothus-herbaceus",
      "photographs_found": 451,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-herbaceus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus impressus",
      "authorship": "Trel.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591919",
      "slug": "ceanothus-impressus",
      "photographs_found": 19,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-impressus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus incanus",
      "authorship": "Torr. & A.Gray",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591922",
      "slug": "ceanothus-incanus",
      "photographs_found": 38,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-incanus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus integerrimus",
      "authorship": "Hook. & Arn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591926",
      "slug": "ceanothus-integerrimus",
      "photographs_found": 289,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-integerrimus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus jepsonii",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591939",
      "slug": "ceanothus-jepsonii",
      "photographs_found": 106,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-jepsonii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus lemmonii",
      "authorship": "Parry",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591952",
      "slug": "ceanothus-lemmonii",
      "photographs_found": 33,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-lemmonii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus leucodermis",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591955",
      "slug": "ceanothus-leucodermis",
      "photographs_found": 533,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-leucodermis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus maritimus",
      "authorship": "Hoover",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591967",
      "slug": "ceanothus-maritimus",
      "photographs_found": 43,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-maritimus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus martini",
      "authorship": "M.E.Jones",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591968",
      "slug": "ceanothus-martini",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus masonii",
      "authorship": "McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591969",
      "slug": "ceanothus-masonii",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus megacarpus",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591970",
      "slug": "ceanothus-megacarpus",
      "photographs_found": 163,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-megacarpus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus microphyllus",
      "authorship": "Michx.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591978",
      "slug": "ceanothus-microphyllus",
      "photographs_found": 47,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-microphyllus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus ochraceus",
      "authorship": "Suess.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591992",
      "slug": "ceanothus-ochraceus",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-ochraceus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus oliganthus",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591994",
      "slug": "ceanothus-oliganthus",
      "photographs_found": 240,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-oliganthus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus ophiochilus",
      "authorship": "S.Boyd, T.S.Ross & Arnseth",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592001",
      "slug": "ceanothus-ophiochilus",
      "photographs_found": 36,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-ophiochilus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus palmeri",
      "authorship": "Trel.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592014",
      "slug": "ceanothus-palmeri",
      "photographs_found": 108,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-palmeri/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus papillosus",
      "authorship": "Torr. & A.Gray",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592016",
      "slug": "ceanothus-papillosus",
      "photographs_found": 219,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-papillosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus parryi",
      "authorship": "Trel.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592023",
      "slug": "ceanothus-parryi",
      "photographs_found": 36,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-parryi/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus parvifolius",
      "authorship": "(S.Watson) Trel.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592024",
      "slug": "ceanothus-parvifolius",
      "photographs_found": 56,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-parvifolius/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus pauciflorus",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592027",
      "slug": "ceanothus-pauciflorus",
      "photographs_found": 388,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-pauciflorus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus pinetorum",
      "authorship": "J.M.Coult.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592031",
      "slug": "ceanothus-pinetorum",
      "photographs_found": 31,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-pinetorum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus prostratus",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592035",
      "slug": "ceanothus-prostratus",
      "photographs_found": 159,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-prostratus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus pumilus",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592052",
      "slug": "ceanothus-pumilus",
      "photographs_found": 66,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-pumilus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus purpureus",
      "authorship": "Jeps.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592053",
      "slug": "ceanothus-purpureus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus roderickii",
      "authorship": "W.Knight",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592068",
      "slug": "ceanothus-roderickii",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-roderickii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus sanguineus",
      "authorship": "Pursh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592072",
      "slug": "ceanothus-sanguineus",
      "photographs_found": 215,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-sanguineus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus serpyllifolius",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592077",
      "slug": "ceanothus-serpyllifolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus sonomensis",
      "authorship": "J.T.Howell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592079",
      "slug": "ceanothus-sonomensis",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-sonomensis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus spinosus",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592085",
      "slug": "ceanothus-spinosus",
      "photographs_found": 185,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-spinosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus thyrsiflorus",
      "authorship": "Eschsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592092",
      "slug": "ceanothus-thyrsiflorus",
      "photographs_found": 486,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-thyrsiflorus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus tomentosus",
      "authorship": "Parry",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592097",
      "slug": "ceanothus-tomentosus",
      "photographs_found": 166,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-tomentosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus veitchianus",
      "authorship": "Hook.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592105",
      "slug": "ceanothus-veitchianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus velutinus",
      "authorship": "Douglas",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592106",
      "slug": "ceanothus-velutinus",
      "photographs_found": 629,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-velutinus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus verrucosus",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592112",
      "slug": "ceanothus-verrucosus",
      "photographs_found": 243,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceanothus-verrucosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × arcuatus",
      "authorship": "McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591771",
      "slug": "ceanothus-arcuatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × flexilis",
      "authorship": "McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591867",
      "slug": "ceanothus-flexilis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × humboldtensis",
      "authorship": "Roof",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591916",
      "slug": "ceanothus-humboldtensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × lobbianus",
      "authorship": "Hook.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591957",
      "slug": "ceanothus-lobbianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × lorenzenii",
      "authorship": "(Jeps.) McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591958",
      "slug": "ceanothus-lorenzenii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × mendocinensis",
      "authorship": "McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000591975",
      "slug": "ceanothus-mendocinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × otayensis",
      "authorship": "McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592004",
      "slug": "ceanothus-otayensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × regius",
      "authorship": "(Jeps.) McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592060",
      "slug": "ceanothus-regius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × rugosus",
      "authorship": "Greene",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592071",
      "slug": "ceanothus-rugosus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × serrulatus",
      "authorship": "McMinn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592078",
      "slug": "ceanothus-serrulatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Ceanothus × vanrensselaeri",
      "authorship": "Roof",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000592104",
      "slug": "ceanothus-vanrensselaeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/ceanothus/"
  }
}