{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/carlina/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "carlina"
  },
  "genus": "Carlina",
  "family": "Asteraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/asteraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 39,
  "documented_species": 18,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina acanthifolia",
      "authorship": "All.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087491",
      "slug": "carlina-acanthifolia",
      "photographs_found": 44,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-acanthifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina acaulis",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000090349",
      "slug": "carlina-acaulis",
      "photographs_found": 515,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-acaulis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina atlantica",
      "authorship": "Pomel",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000089567",
      "slug": "carlina-atlantica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina balfouris",
      "authorship": "Sennen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000095512",
      "slug": "carlina-balfouris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina barnebiana",
      "authorship": "B.L.Burtt & P.H.Davis",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000000655",
      "slug": "carlina-barnebiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina biebersteinii",
      "authorship": "Bernh. ex Hornem.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000060951",
      "slug": "carlina-biebersteinii",
      "photographs_found": 450,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-biebersteinii/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina brachylepis",
      "authorship": "(Batt.) Meusel & A.Kastner",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000036749",
      "slug": "carlina-brachylepis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina canariensis",
      "authorship": "Pit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000116274",
      "slug": "carlina-canariensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina comosa",
      "authorship": "(Spreng.) Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000120261",
      "slug": "carlina-comosa",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina corymbosa",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000055446",
      "slug": "carlina-corymbosa",
      "photographs_found": 80,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-corymbosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina curetum",
      "authorship": "Heldr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000135396",
      "slug": "carlina-curetum",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-curetum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina diae",
      "authorship": "(Rech.f.) Meusel & Kästner",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000092368",
      "slug": "carlina-diae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina frigida",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Heldr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087118",
      "slug": "carlina-frigida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina graeca",
      "authorship": "Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066995",
      "slug": "carlina-graeca-heldr-sart-ex-boiss",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-graeca-heldr-sart-ex-boiss/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina graeca",
      "authorship": "Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000129017",
      "slug": "carlina-graeca-heldr-sartori-ex-boiss",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-graeca-heldr-sartori-ex-boiss/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina guittonneaui",
      "authorship": "Dobignard",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000038518",
      "slug": "carlina-guittonneaui",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina gummifera",
      "authorship": "(L.) Less.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000138371",
      "slug": "carlina-gummifera",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina hispanica",
      "authorship": "Lam.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066505",
      "slug": "carlina-hispanica",
      "photographs_found": 112,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-hispanica/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina involucrata",
      "authorship": "Poir.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000129077",
      "slug": "carlina-involucrata",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-involucrata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina kurdica",
      "authorship": "Meusel & Kästner",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000029077",
      "slug": "carlina-kurdica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina lanata",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000073774",
      "slug": "carlina-lanata-l",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-lanata-l/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina lanata",
      "authorship": "Pall. ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000124024",
      "slug": "carlina-lanata-pall-ex-dc",
      "photographs_found": 15,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-lanata-pall-ex-dc/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina libanotica",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000059418",
      "slug": "carlina-libanotica",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina macrocephala",
      "authorship": "Moris",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000127541",
      "slug": "carlina-macrocephala",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina macrophylla",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000029985",
      "slug": "carlina-macrophylla",
      "photographs_found": 10,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-macrophylla/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina oligocephala",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Kotschy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000091169",
      "slug": "carlina-oligocephala",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina pygmaea",
      "authorship": "Holmboe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000093716",
      "slug": "carlina-pygmaea",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina racemosa",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000024768",
      "slug": "carlina-racemosa",
      "photographs_found": 33,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-racemosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina salicifolia",
      "authorship": "(L.f.) Cav.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000084880",
      "slug": "carlina-salicifolia",
      "photographs_found": 172,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-salicifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina sicula",
      "authorship": "Ten.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000125436",
      "slug": "carlina-sicula",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina sitiensis",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000086617",
      "slug": "carlina-sitiensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina tragacanthifolia",
      "authorship": "Klatt",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000093282",
      "slug": "carlina-tragacanthifolia",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-tragacanthifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina vayredae",
      "authorship": "Gaut.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000065812",
      "slug": "carlina-vayredae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina vayredrae",
      "authorship": "Gaut.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000040379",
      "slug": "carlina-vayredrae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina vulgaris",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000130786",
      "slug": "carlina-vulgaris-l",
      "photographs_found": 559,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-vulgaris-l/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina vulgaris",
      "authorship": "Schur",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000121183",
      "slug": "carlina-vulgaris-schur",
      "photographs_found": 559,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-vulgaris-schur/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina xeranthemoides",
      "authorship": "L.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087257",
      "slug": "carlina-xeranthemoides",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carlina-xeranthemoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina × bakariensis",
      "authorship": "E.Mayer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000024636",
      "slug": "carlina-bakariensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carlina × szaferi",
      "authorship": "Jasiewicz & Pawł.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000065137",
      "slug": "carlina-szaferi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/carlina/"
  }
}