{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/carduus/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "carduus"
  },
  "genus": "Carduus",
  "family": "Asteraceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/asteraceae/",
  "accepted_species": 137,
  "documented_species": 24,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus abruzzensis",
      "authorship": "Arènes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000014622",
      "slug": "carduus-abruzzensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus acanthocephalus",
      "authorship": "C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000015854",
      "slug": "carduus-acanthocephalus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus acanthoides",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000114356",
      "slug": "carduus-acanthoides",
      "photographs_found": 1153,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-acanthoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus acicularis",
      "authorship": "Bertol.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000022856",
      "slug": "carduus-acicularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus adpressus",
      "authorship": "C.A.Mey.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000130334",
      "slug": "carduus-adpressus",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus affinis",
      "authorship": "Guss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000012704",
      "slug": "carduus-affinis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus afromontanus",
      "authorship": "R.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000000948",
      "slug": "carduus-afromontanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus albescens",
      "authorship": "Rouy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000028927",
      "slug": "carduus-albescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus amanus",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000123620",
      "slug": "carduus-amanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus argentatus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000125578",
      "slug": "carduus-argentatus",
      "photographs_found": 6,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-argentatus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus argyroa",
      "authorship": "Biv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000025887",
      "slug": "carduus-argyroa",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-argyroa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus asturicus",
      "authorship": "Franco",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000129878",
      "slug": "carduus-asturicus",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus aurosicus",
      "authorship": "Vill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000034164",
      "slug": "carduus-aurosicus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus baeocephalus",
      "authorship": "Webb",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000096404",
      "slug": "carduus-baeocephalus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus bourgaeanus",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Reut.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000081122",
      "slug": "carduus-bourgaeanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus bourgaei",
      "authorship": "Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000032227",
      "slug": "carduus-bourgaei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus broteroi",
      "authorship": "Welw. ex Cout.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000004086",
      "slug": "carduus-broteroi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus brunneri",
      "authorship": "Döll",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000071343",
      "slug": "carduus-brunneri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus budaianus",
      "authorship": "Javorka.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000024669",
      "slug": "carduus-budaianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus calabricus",
      "authorship": "Arènes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000064285",
      "slug": "carduus-calabricus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus candicans",
      "authorship": "Waldst. & Kit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000088082",
      "slug": "carduus-candicans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus canduelis",
      "authorship": "Gren.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000073843",
      "slug": "carduus-canduelis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus carduelis",
      "authorship": "(L.) Gren.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000040414",
      "slug": "carduus-carduelis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus carlinoides",
      "authorship": "Gouan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066513",
      "slug": "carduus-carlinoides",
      "photographs_found": 19,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-carlinoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus carpetanus",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Reut.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000082970",
      "slug": "carduus-carpetanus",
      "photographs_found": 11,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-carpetanus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus cephalanthus",
      "authorship": "Viv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000007052",
      "slug": "carduus-cephalanthus",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus chevallieri",
      "authorship": "Barratte ex Chevall.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000115214",
      "slug": "carduus-chevallieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus chrysacanthus",
      "authorship": "Ten.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000017244",
      "slug": "carduus-chrysacanthus",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-chrysacanthus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus clavulatus",
      "authorship": "Link",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000121040",
      "slug": "carduus-clavulatus",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-clavulatus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus collinus",
      "authorship": "Waldst. & Kit.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000138140",
      "slug": "carduus-collinus",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-collinus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus conjungens",
      "authorship": "R.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000068651",
      "slug": "carduus-conjungens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus conrathii",
      "authorship": "Hayek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000085203",
      "slug": "carduus-conrathii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus corymbosus",
      "authorship": "Ten.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000081216",
      "slug": "carduus-corymbosus",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus crispus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000136888",
      "slug": "carduus-crispus-l",
      "photographs_found": 1361,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-crispus-l/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus crispus",
      "authorship": "Guirao ex Nyman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000014895",
      "slug": "carduus-crispus-guirao-ex-nyman",
      "photographs_found": 1361,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-crispus-guirao-ex-nyman/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus dahuricus",
      "authorship": "(Arènes) Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000041022",
      "slug": "carduus-dahuricus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus defloratus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000134427",
      "slug": "carduus-defloratus",
      "photographs_found": 288,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-defloratus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus dubius",
      "authorship": "Balb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000083910",
      "slug": "carduus-dubius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus edelbergii",
      "authorship": "Rech.f.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000131852",
      "slug": "carduus-edelbergii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus estivali",
      "authorship": "Arènes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000125604",
      "slug": "carduus-estivali",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus euboicus",
      "authorship": "Franco",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000027147",
      "slug": "carduus-euboicus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus fallax",
      "authorship": "Borbás",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000076154",
      "slug": "carduus-fallax",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus fasciculiflorus",
      "authorship": "Viv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000016126",
      "slug": "carduus-fasciculiflorus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus getulus",
      "authorship": "Pomel",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000009767",
      "slug": "carduus-getulus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus gillotii",
      "authorship": "Rouy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000003777",
      "slug": "carduus-gillotii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus grassensis",
      "authorship": "Briq. & Cavill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000074196",
      "slug": "carduus-grassensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus grenieri",
      "authorship": "Sch.Bip. ex Nyman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000067172",
      "slug": "carduus-grenieri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus halanensis",
      "authorship": "Degen & Lengyel",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000044891",
      "slug": "carduus-halanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus hamulosus",
      "authorship": "Ehrh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000118696",
      "slug": "carduus-hamulosus",
      "photographs_found": 14,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-hamulosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus heteromorphus",
      "authorship": "Sennholz",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000117589",
      "slug": "carduus-heteromorphus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus hohenackeri",
      "authorship": "Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000132975",
      "slug": "carduus-hohenackeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus ibicensis",
      "authorship": "(Devesa & Talavera) Rosselló & N.Torres",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000043640",
      "slug": "carduus-ibicensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus intercedens",
      "authorship": "Hausskn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000067316",
      "slug": "carduus-intercedens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus jordanii",
      "authorship": "Arènes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000082477",
      "slug": "carduus-jordanii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus juratzkae",
      "authorship": "Beck",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000000509",
      "slug": "carduus-juratzkae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus keniensis",
      "authorship": "R.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000060158",
      "slug": "carduus-keniensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus kerneri",
      "authorship": "Simonk.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000021272",
      "slug": "carduus-kerneri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus kirghisicus",
      "authorship": "Sultanova",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000077859",
      "slug": "carduus-kirghisicus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus kumaunensis",
      "authorship": "(Arènes) Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000031452",
      "slug": "carduus-kumaunensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus lanuginosus",
      "authorship": "Willd.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000114419",
      "slug": "carduus-lanuginosus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus leptacanthus",
      "authorship": "Fresen.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000120351",
      "slug": "carduus-leptacanthus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus leptocephalus",
      "authorship": "Peterm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000065018",
      "slug": "carduus-leptocephalus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus leptocladus",
      "authorship": "Durieu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000065979",
      "slug": "carduus-leptocladus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus leridanus",
      "authorship": "Devesa & Talavera",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000076638",
      "slug": "carduus-leridanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus lesurinus",
      "authorship": "Rouy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000124259",
      "slug": "carduus-lesurinus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus litigiosus",
      "authorship": "Nocca & Balb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000120707",
      "slug": "carduus-litigiosus",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-litigiosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus littoralis",
      "authorship": "Borbás",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000091945",
      "slug": "carduus-littoralis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus lobulatus",
      "authorship": "Borbás",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000028586",
      "slug": "carduus-lobulatus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus loretii",
      "authorship": "Rouy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000074227",
      "slug": "carduus-loretii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus lusitanicus",
      "authorship": "Rouy",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000136300",
      "slug": "carduus-lusitanicus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus macracanthus",
      "authorship": "Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000012532",
      "slug": "carduus-macracanthus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus macrocephalus",
      "authorship": "Coss. ex Willk. & Lange",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066997",
      "slug": "carduus-macrocephalus",
      "photographs_found": 77,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-macrocephalus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus majellensis",
      "authorship": "Huter, Porta & Rigo",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000099255",
      "slug": "carduus-majellensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus malyi",
      "authorship": "Greuter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000121570",
      "slug": "carduus-malyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus maritimum",
      "authorship": "Elmer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000136271",
      "slug": "carduus-maritimum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus maroccanus",
      "authorship": "(Arènes) Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066081",
      "slug": "carduus-maroccanus",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-maroccanus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus martinezii",
      "authorship": "Pau",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000015445",
      "slug": "carduus-martinezii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus meonanthus",
      "authorship": "Hoffmanns. & Link",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000028421",
      "slug": "carduus-meonanthus",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus meratii",
      "authorship": "Arènes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000040312",
      "slug": "carduus-meratii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus merxmuelleri",
      "authorship": "Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000010578",
      "slug": "carduus-merxmuelleri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus millefolius",
      "authorship": "R.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000004472",
      "slug": "carduus-millefolius",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus mixtus",
      "authorship": "Corb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000065169",
      "slug": "carduus-mixtus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus modestii",
      "authorship": "Tamamsch.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000035810",
      "slug": "carduus-modestii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus moritzii",
      "authorship": "Brügger",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000090351",
      "slug": "carduus-moritzii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus myriacanthus",
      "authorship": "Salzm. ex DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000007564",
      "slug": "carduus-myriacanthus",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus naegelii",
      "authorship": "Brügger",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000040304",
      "slug": "carduus-naegelii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus nawaschini",
      "authorship": "Bordz.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000004719",
      "slug": "carduus-nawaschini",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus nervosus",
      "authorship": "K.Koch",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000066492",
      "slug": "carduus-nervosus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus nigrescens",
      "authorship": "Vill.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000123996",
      "slug": "carduus-nigrescens",
      "photographs_found": 35,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-nigrescens/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus numidicus",
      "authorship": "Coss. & Durieu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000118604",
      "slug": "carduus-numidicus",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-numidicus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus nutans",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000084791",
      "slug": "carduus-nutans",
      "photographs_found": 3009,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-nutans/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus nyaradyanus",
      "authorship": "Degen ex Nyarady",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000074205",
      "slug": "carduus-nyaradyanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus nyassanus",
      "authorship": "R.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000080986",
      "slug": "carduus-nyassanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus occidentalis",
      "authorship": "Nutt.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000127547",
      "slug": "carduus-occidentalis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus olympicus",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000129723",
      "slug": "carduus-olympicus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus onopordioides",
      "authorship": "Fisch. ex M.Bieb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000028459",
      "slug": "carduus-onopordioides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus onopordoides",
      "authorship": "Fisch. ex M.Bieb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130618",
      "slug": "carduus-onopordoides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus onopyxos",
      "authorship": "Hill",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000005753",
      "slug": "carduus-onopyxos",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus pancicii",
      "authorship": "Sch.Bip. ex Nyman",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000084014",
      "slug": "carduus-pancicii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus peisonis",
      "authorship": "Teyber",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000038741",
      "slug": "carduus-peisonis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus personata",
      "authorship": "(L.) Jacq.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087420",
      "slug": "carduus-personata",
      "photographs_found": 67,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-personata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus poliochrus",
      "authorship": "Trautv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000118881",
      "slug": "carduus-poliochrus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus pseudohamulosus",
      "authorship": "Beck",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000087447",
      "slug": "carduus-pseudohamulosus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus puechii",
      "authorship": "Coste",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000082068",
      "slug": "carduus-puechii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus pycnocephalus",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000024120",
      "slug": "carduus-pycnocephalus",
      "photographs_found": 1001,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-pycnocephalus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus ramosissimus",
      "authorship": "Pančić",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000126878",
      "slug": "carduus-ramosissimus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus rechingerianus",
      "authorship": "Kazmi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000015816",
      "slug": "carduus-rechingerianus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus rivasgodayanus",
      "authorship": "Devesa & Talavera",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000084176",
      "slug": "carduus-rivasgodayanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus ruwenzoriensis",
      "authorship": "S.Moore",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000070973",
      "slug": "carduus-ruwenzoriensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus sardous",
      "authorship": "DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000138521",
      "slug": "carduus-sardous",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus schimperi",
      "authorship": "Sch.Bip.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000026570",
      "slug": "carduus-schimperi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus schulzeanus",
      "authorship": "Ruhmer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000000799",
      "slug": "carduus-schulzeanus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus seminudus",
      "authorship": "M.Bieb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000038647",
      "slug": "carduus-seminudus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus semiperegrinus",
      "authorship": "Aellen",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000044268",
      "slug": "carduus-semiperegrinus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus sepincolus",
      "authorship": "Hausskn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000040441",
      "slug": "carduus-sepincolus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus silvarum",
      "authorship": "R.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000088094",
      "slug": "carduus-silvarum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus solteszii",
      "authorship": "Budai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000002892",
      "slug": "carduus-solteszii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus spachianus",
      "authorship": "Durieu",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000014104",
      "slug": "carduus-spachianus",
      "photographs_found": 40,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-spachianus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus squarrosus",
      "authorship": "DC. ex Lowe",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000133193",
      "slug": "carduus-squarrosus",
      "photographs_found": 41,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-squarrosus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus tenuiflorus",
      "authorship": "Curtis",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000003240",
      "slug": "carduus-tenuiflorus",
      "photographs_found": 266,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-tenuiflorus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus thracicus",
      "authorship": "(Velen.) Hayek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000079992",
      "slug": "carduus-thracicus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus tmoleus",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000119668",
      "slug": "carduus-tmoleus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus transcaspicus",
      "authorship": "Gand.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000015185",
      "slug": "carduus-transcaspicus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus turocensis",
      "authorship": "Margittai",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000010718",
      "slug": "carduus-turocensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus uncinatus",
      "authorship": "M.Bieb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000100259",
      "slug": "carduus-uncinatus",
      "photographs_found": 95,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/carduus-uncinatus/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus vaillantii",
      "authorship": "Arènes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000027690",
      "slug": "carduus-vaillantii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus verlotii",
      "authorship": "Arènes",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000126639",
      "slug": "carduus-verlotii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus weizensis",
      "authorship": "Hayek",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000007701",
      "slug": "carduus-weizensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × aragonensis",
      "authorship": "Devesa & Talavera",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000131218",
      "slug": "carduus-aragonensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × camplonensis",
      "authorship": "Devesa & Talavera",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000095665",
      "slug": "carduus-camplonensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × cantabricus",
      "authorship": "Devesa & Talavera",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000021587",
      "slug": "carduus-cantabricus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × conjugens",
      "authorship": "R.E.Fr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001130780",
      "slug": "carduus-conjugens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × cyrneus",
      "authorship": "Schlüssel & Jeanm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000073684",
      "slug": "carduus-cyrneus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × ipe",
      "authorship": "Boros",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000116213",
      "slug": "carduus-ipe",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × orthocephalus",
      "authorship": "Wallr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000122830",
      "slug": "carduus-orthocephalus",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × septentrionalis",
      "authorship": "Devesa & Talavera",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000121577",
      "slug": "carduus-septentrionalis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Carduus × vigoi",
      "authorship": "Mateo",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001341310",
      "slug": "carduus-vigoi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/carduus/"
  }
}