{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/bernardia/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "bernardia"
  },
  "genus": "Bernardia",
  "family": "Euphorbiaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/euphorbiaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 80,
  "documented_species": 6,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia alarici",
      "authorship": "Allem & Irgang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000325795",
      "slug": "bernardia-alarici",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia albida",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000325806",
      "slug": "bernardia-albida",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia allemii",
      "authorship": "J.F.Carrión",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000020624",
      "slug": "bernardia-allemii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia amazonica",
      "authorship": "Croizat",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000325817",
      "slug": "bernardia-amazonica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia argentinensis",
      "authorship": "Lourteig & O'Donell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000325862",
      "slug": "bernardia-argentinensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia asplundii",
      "authorship": "Lourteig",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000325884",
      "slug": "bernardia-asplundii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia axillaris",
      "authorship": "(Spreng.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000325906",
      "slug": "bernardia-axillaris",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia brevipes",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326071",
      "slug": "bernardia-brevipes",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia caperoniifolia",
      "authorship": "(Baill.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326082",
      "slug": "bernardia-caperoniifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia carpinifolia",
      "authorship": "Griseb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326104",
      "slug": "bernardia-carpinifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia celastrinea",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326115",
      "slug": "bernardia-celastrinea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia chiangii",
      "authorship": "A.Cerv. & Flores Olv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000791703",
      "slug": "bernardia-chiangii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia chiapensis",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326181",
      "slug": "bernardia-chiapensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia chinantlensis",
      "authorship": "A.Cerv. & Flores Olv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000791704",
      "slug": "bernardia-chinantlensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia colombiana",
      "authorship": "Croizat",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326203",
      "slug": "bernardia-colombiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia confertifolia",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326214",
      "slug": "bernardia-confertifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia corensis",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326246",
      "slug": "bernardia-corensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia crassifolia",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326257",
      "slug": "bernardia-crassifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia dichotoma",
      "authorship": "(Willd.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326277",
      "slug": "bernardia-dichotoma",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia dodecandra",
      "authorship": "(Sessé ex Cav.) Govaerts",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326337",
      "slug": "bernardia-dodecandra",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia erecta",
      "authorship": "J.F.Carrión & Amorim",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000025767",
      "slug": "bernardia-erecta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia flexuosa",
      "authorship": "Pax & K.Hoffm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326358",
      "slug": "bernardia-flexuosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia fonsecae",
      "authorship": "A.Cerv. & J.Jiménez Ram.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000341077",
      "slug": "bernardia-fonsecae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia fruticulosa",
      "authorship": "Alain",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326369",
      "slug": "bernardia-fruticulosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia gambosa",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326379",
      "slug": "bernardia-gambosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia gardneri",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326388",
      "slug": "bernardia-gardneri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia geniculata",
      "authorship": "Allem & Waechter",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326397",
      "slug": "bernardia-geniculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia gentryana",
      "authorship": "Croizat",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326406",
      "slug": "bernardia-gentryana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia hagelundii",
      "authorship": "Allem & Irgang",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326429",
      "slug": "bernardia-hagelundii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia hamadryadica",
      "authorship": "J.F.Carrión & Cordeiro",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001317722",
      "slug": "bernardia-hamadryadica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia hassleriana",
      "authorship": "Chodat",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326438",
      "slug": "bernardia-hassleriana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia heteropilosa",
      "authorship": "McVaugh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326469",
      "slug": "bernardia-heteropilosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia hirsutissima",
      "authorship": "(Baill.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326479",
      "slug": "bernardia-hirsutissima",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia incana",
      "authorship": "C.V.Morton",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326510",
      "slug": "bernardia-incana",
      "photographs_found": 53,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bernardia-incana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia jacquiniana",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326540",
      "slug": "bernardia-jacquiniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia kochii",
      "authorship": "McVaugh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326550",
      "slug": "bernardia-kochii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia lagunensis",
      "authorship": "(M.E.Jones) L.C.Wheeler",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326560",
      "slug": "bernardia-lagunensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia lanceifolia",
      "authorship": "(Lundell) Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326570",
      "slug": "bernardia-lanceifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia laurentii",
      "authorship": "R.A.Howard",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326581",
      "slug": "bernardia-laurentii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia leptostachys",
      "authorship": "Chodat & Hassl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326602",
      "slug": "bernardia-leptostachys",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia longipedunculata",
      "authorship": "Pax & K.Hoffm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326613",
      "slug": "bernardia-longipedunculata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia macrocarpa",
      "authorship": "A.Cerv. & Flores Olv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000791707",
      "slug": "bernardia-macrocarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia macrophylla",
      "authorship": "Standl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326691",
      "slug": "bernardia-macrophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia mayana",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326712",
      "slug": "bernardia-mayana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia mazatlana",
      "authorship": "M.E.Jones",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326723",
      "slug": "bernardia-mazatlana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia mcvaughii",
      "authorship": "A.Cerv. & Flores Olv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000791708",
      "slug": "bernardia-mcvaughii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia mexicana",
      "authorship": "(Hook. & Arn.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326744",
      "slug": "bernardia-mexicana",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bernardia-mexicana/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia micrantha",
      "authorship": "Pax & K.Hoffm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326798",
      "slug": "bernardia-micrantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia mollis",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326819",
      "slug": "bernardia-mollis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia monoica",
      "authorship": "J.F.Carrión & Cordeiro",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000025768",
      "slug": "bernardia-monoica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia multicaulis",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326841",
      "slug": "bernardia-multicaulis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia myricifolia",
      "authorship": "(Scheele) S.Watson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326852",
      "slug": "bernardia-myricifolia",
      "photographs_found": 109,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bernardia-myricifolia/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia nicaraguensis",
      "authorship": "Standl. & L.O.Williams",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326874",
      "slug": "bernardia-nicaraguensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia oblanceolata",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326884",
      "slug": "bernardia-oblanceolata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia obovata",
      "authorship": "I.M.Johnst.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326896",
      "slug": "bernardia-obovata",
      "photographs_found": 12,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bernardia-obovata/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia odonellii",
      "authorship": "Villa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326907",
      "slug": "bernardia-odonellii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia ovalifolia",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326928",
      "slug": "bernardia-ovalifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia ovata",
      "authorship": "(Chodat & Hassl.) Pax & K.Hoffm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326938",
      "slug": "bernardia-ovata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia paraguariensis",
      "authorship": "Chodat & Hassl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000326948",
      "slug": "bernardia-paraguariensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia polymorpha",
      "authorship": "Chodat & Hassl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327053",
      "slug": "bernardia-polymorpha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia pooleae",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327134",
      "slug": "bernardia-pooleae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia pulchella",
      "authorship": "(Baill.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327143",
      "slug": "bernardia-pulchella",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia rzedowskii",
      "authorship": "A.Cerv. & Flores Olv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000791709",
      "slug": "bernardia-rzedowskii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia santanae",
      "authorship": "McVaugh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327255",
      "slug": "bernardia-santanae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia scabra",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327265",
      "slug": "bernardia-scabra",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia sellowii",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327298",
      "slug": "bernardia-sellowii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia sidoides",
      "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327309",
      "slug": "bernardia-sidoides",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bernardia-sidoides/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia similis",
      "authorship": "Pax & K.Hoffm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327319",
      "slug": "bernardia-similis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia simplex",
      "authorship": "Chodat & Hassl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327329",
      "slug": "bernardia-simplex",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia spartioides",
      "authorship": "(Baill.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327340",
      "slug": "bernardia-spartioides",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia spongiosa",
      "authorship": "McVaugh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327372",
      "slug": "bernardia-spongiosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia stylosa",
      "authorship": "J.F.Carrión & Amorim",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000025769",
      "slug": "bernardia-stylosa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia tamanduana",
      "authorship": "(Baill.) Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327383",
      "slug": "bernardia-tamanduana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia tenuifolia",
      "authorship": "Urb.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327432",
      "slug": "bernardia-tenuifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia trelawniensis",
      "authorship": "(C.D.Adams) Jestrow & Proctor",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000834804",
      "slug": "bernardia-trelawniensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia valdesii",
      "authorship": "A.Cerv. & Flores Olv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000791710",
      "slug": "bernardia-valdesii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia venezuelana",
      "authorship": "Steyerm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327443",
      "slug": "bernardia-venezuelana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia viridis",
      "authorship": "Millsp.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327465",
      "slug": "bernardia-viridis",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bernardia-viridis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia wilburii",
      "authorship": "McVaugh",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327476",
      "slug": "bernardia-wilburii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Bernardia yucatanensis",
      "authorship": "Lundell",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000327487",
      "slug": "bernardia-yucatanensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/bernardia/"
  }
}