{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/aspidosperma/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "aspidosperma"
  },
  "genus": "Aspidosperma",
  "family": "Apocynaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/apocynaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 73,
  "documented_species": 6,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma album",
      "authorship": "(Vahl) Benoist ex Pichon",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290252",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-album",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma araracanga",
      "authorship": "Marc.-Ferr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290284",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-araracanga",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma auriculatum",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290307",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-auriculatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma australe",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290318",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-australe",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma brasiliense",
      "authorship": "A.S.S.Pereira & A.C.D.Castello",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001318853",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-brasiliense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma camporum",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290361",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-camporum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma capitatum",
      "authorship": "L.O.Williams",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290371",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-capitatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma carapanauba",
      "authorship": "Pichon",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290381",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-carapanauba",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma castroanum",
      "authorship": "A.C.D.Castello",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001318854",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-castroanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma confertiflorum",
      "authorship": "A.C.D.Castello",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001318855",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-confertiflorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma cuspa",
      "authorship": "S.F.Blake ex Pittier",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290491",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-cuspa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290503",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-cylindrocarpon",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma dardanoanum",
      "authorship": "J.W.Alves-Silva",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000025565",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-dardanoanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma darienense",
      "authorship": "Woodson & Dwyer",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290514",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-darienense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma decussatum",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290547",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-decussatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma desmanthum",
      "authorship": "Benth. ex Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290569",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-desmanthum",
      "photographs_found": 25,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma discolor",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290579",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-discolor",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma dispermum",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290590",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-dispermum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma eburneum",
      "authorship": "Allem. ex Saldanha",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290655",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-eburneum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma eteanum",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290688",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-eteanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma excelsum",
      "authorship": "Benth.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290709",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-excelsum",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/aspidosperma-excelsum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma fendleri",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290720",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-fendleri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma flaviflorum",
      "authorship": "Machate",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000021135",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-flaviflorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma formosanum",
      "authorship": "Duarte",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290727",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-formosanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma gehrtii",
      "authorship": "Handro",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290754",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-gehrtii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma gilbertii",
      "authorship": "Duarte",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001329950",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-gilbertii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma glaucum",
      "authorship": "Monach.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290764",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-glaucum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma helstonei",
      "authorship": "Donsel.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290796",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-helstonei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma heringeri",
      "authorship": "Duarte",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001329949",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-heringeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma huberianum",
      "authorship": "A.S.S.Pereira",
      "wfo": "wfo-1000001336",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-huberianum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma illustre",
      "authorship": "Kuhlm. & Piraja",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290848",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-illustre",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma inundatum",
      "authorship": "Ducke",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290869",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-inundatum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma leucocymosum",
      "authorship": "Kuhlm.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290951",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-leucocymosum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma limae",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000290995",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-limae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma macrocarpon",
      "authorship": "Mart.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291038",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-macrocarpon",
      "photographs_found": 7,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma macrophyllum",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291049",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-macrophyllum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma megalocarpon",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291112",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-megalocarpon",
      "photographs_found": 5,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/aspidosperma-megalocarpon/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma megaphyllum",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291145",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-megaphyllum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma multiflorum",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291199",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-multiflorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma myristicifolium",
      "authorship": "(Markgr.) Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291209",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-myristicifolium",
      "photographs_found": 1,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma nanum",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291217",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-nanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma neblinae",
      "authorship": "Monach.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291224",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-neblinae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma nemorale",
      "authorship": "Handro",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291234",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-nemorale",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma nigricans",
      "authorship": "Handro",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291244",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-nigricans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma nobile",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291261",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-nobile",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma oblongum",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291268",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-oblongum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma obscurinervium",
      "authorship": "Azambuja",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291279",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-obscurinervium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma olivaceum",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291329",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-olivaceum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma pachypterum",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291339",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-pachypterum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma parvifolium",
      "authorship": "A.DC.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291370",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-parvifolium",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma pichonianum",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291392",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-pichonianum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma polyneuron",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291421",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-polyneuron",
      "photographs_found": 9,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/aspidosperma-polyneuron/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma pyricollum",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291454",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-pyricollum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma pyrifolium",
      "authorship": "Mart.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291465",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-pyrifolium",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/aspidosperma-pyrifolium/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco",
      "authorship": "Schltdl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291496",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-quebracho-blanco",
      "photographs_found": 119,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/aspidosperma-quebracho-blanco/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma quirandy",
      "authorship": "Hassl.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291529",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-quirandy",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma ramiflorum",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291540",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-ramiflorum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma reductum",
      "authorship": "(Hassl.) Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291561",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-reductum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma resonans",
      "authorship": "H.J.Will. & Goyder",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000791486",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-resonans",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma riedelii",
      "authorship": "Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291591",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-riedelii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma rigidum",
      "authorship": "Rusby",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291633",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-rigidum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma rizzoanum",
      "authorship": "Scudeler & A.C.D.Castello",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001318839",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-rizzoanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma salgadense",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291655",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-salgadense",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma sandwithianum",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291666",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-sandwithianum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma schultesii",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291688",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-schultesii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma spruceanum",
      "authorship": "Benth. ex Müll.Arg.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291753",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-spruceanum",
      "photographs_found": 2,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma steyermarkii",
      "authorship": "Woodson",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291786",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-steyermarkii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma subincanum",
      "authorship": "Mart.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291797",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-subincanum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma thomasii",
      "authorship": "Marc.-Ferr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291827",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-thomasii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma tomentosum",
      "authorship": "Mart.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291837",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-tomentosum",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma triternatum",
      "authorship": "Rojas Acosta",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291845",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-triternatum",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/aspidosperma-triternatum/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma ulei",
      "authorship": "Markgr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291865",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-ulei",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Aspidosperma williamii",
      "authorship": "Duarte",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000291940",
      "slug": "aspidosperma-williamii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/aspidosperma/"
  }
}