{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/genus-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/genus/alcea/",
  "id": {
    "slug": "alcea"
  },
  "genus": "Alcea",
  "family": "Malvaceae",
  "family_url": "https://botanai.app/family/malvaceae/",
  "accepted_species": 84,
  "documented_species": 6,
  "species": [
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea abchazica",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525086",
      "slug": "alcea-abchazica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea acaulis",
      "authorship": "(Cav.) Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525087",
      "slug": "alcea-acaulis",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/alcea-acaulis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea afghanica",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525090",
      "slug": "alcea-afghanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea angulata",
      "authorship": "(Freyn) Freyn & Sint. ex Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-1200010962",
      "slug": "alcea-angulata-freyn-freyn-sint-ex-iljin",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea angulata",
      "authorship": "Freyn & Sint.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525092",
      "slug": "alcea-angulata-freyn-sint",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea antoninae",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525093",
      "slug": "alcea-antoninae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea apterocarpa",
      "authorship": "(Fenzl) Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525094",
      "slug": "alcea-apterocarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea arbelensis",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Hausskn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525095",
      "slug": "alcea-arbelensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea assadii",
      "authorship": "Pakravan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000506289",
      "slug": "alcea-assadii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea aucheri",
      "authorship": "(Boiss.) Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525099",
      "slug": "alcea-aucheri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea baldshuanica",
      "authorship": "(Bornm.) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525100",
      "slug": "alcea-baldshuanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea biennis",
      "authorship": "Winterl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525101",
      "slug": "alcea-biennis",
      "photographs_found": 8,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/alcea-biennis/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea calvertii",
      "authorship": "(Boiss.) Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525102",
      "slug": "alcea-calvertii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea chrysantha",
      "authorship": "(Sam.) Zohary",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525103",
      "slug": "alcea-chrysantha",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea damascena",
      "authorship": "(Mouterde) Mouterde",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525106",
      "slug": "alcea-damascena",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea denudata",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525108",
      "slug": "alcea-denudata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea digitata",
      "authorship": "(Boiss.) Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525109",
      "slug": "alcea-digitata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea dissecta",
      "authorship": "(Baker f.) Zohary",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525110",
      "slug": "alcea-dissecta",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea djahromi",
      "authorship": "Parsa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525112",
      "slug": "alcea-djahromi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea excubita",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525113",
      "slug": "alcea-excubita",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea fasciculiflora",
      "authorship": "Zohary",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525114",
      "slug": "alcea-fasciculiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea ficifolia",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525115",
      "slug": "alcea-ficifolia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea flavovirens",
      "authorship": "(Boiss. & Buhse) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525117",
      "slug": "alcea-flavovirens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea freyniana",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525119",
      "slug": "alcea-freyniana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea froloviana",
      "authorship": "(Litv.) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525120",
      "slug": "alcea-froloviana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea galilaea",
      "authorship": "Zohary",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525121",
      "slug": "alcea-galilaea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea ghahremanii",
      "authorship": "Pakravan & Assadi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525123",
      "slug": "alcea-ghahremanii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea gorganica",
      "authorship": "(Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.) Zohary",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525125",
      "slug": "alcea-gorganica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea heldreichii",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525129",
      "slug": "alcea-heldreichii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea hohenackeri",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525130",
      "slug": "alcea-hohenackeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea hyrcana",
      "authorship": "(Grossh.) Grossh.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525131",
      "slug": "alcea-hyrcana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea ilamica",
      "authorship": "Pakravan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525132",
      "slug": "alcea-ilamica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea iranshahrii",
      "authorship": "Pakravan, Ghahr. & Assadi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525134",
      "slug": "alcea-iranshahrii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea karakalensis",
      "authorship": "Freyn",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525135",
      "slug": "alcea-karakalensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea karsiana",
      "authorship": "(Bordz.) Litv.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525136",
      "slug": "alcea-karsiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea koelzii",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525138",
      "slug": "alcea-koelzii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea kopetdaghensis",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525140",
      "slug": "alcea-kopetdaghensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea kuhsanguia",
      "authorship": "Parsa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525141",
      "slug": "alcea-kuhsanguia",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea kurdica",
      "authorship": "(Schltdl.) Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525142",
      "slug": "alcea-kurdica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea kusariensis",
      "authorship": "(Iljin ex Grossh.) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525143",
      "slug": "alcea-kusariensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea lasiocalycina",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525144",
      "slug": "alcea-lasiocalycina",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea lavateriflora",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525145",
      "slug": "alcea-lavateriflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea lenkoranica",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525148",
      "slug": "alcea-lenkoranica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea litvinovii",
      "authorship": "(Iljin) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525152",
      "slug": "alcea-litvinovii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea loftusii",
      "authorship": "(Baker f.) Zohary",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525153",
      "slug": "alcea-loftusii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea longipedicellata",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525154",
      "slug": "alcea-longipedicellata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea mazandaranica",
      "authorship": "Pakravan & Ghahr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525156",
      "slug": "alcea-mazandaranica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea mosulensis",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525158",
      "slug": "alcea-mosulensis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea mozaffarianii",
      "authorship": "Ghahr., Pakravan & Assadi",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525159",
      "slug": "alcea-mozaffarianii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea nikitinii",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525160",
      "slug": "alcea-nikitinii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea nudicaulis",
      "authorship": "(Lindl.) Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525162",
      "slug": "alcea-nudicaulis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea nudiflora",
      "authorship": "(Lindl.) Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001077830",
      "slug": "alcea-nudiflora",
      "photographs_found": 4,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/alcea-nudiflora/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea peduncularis",
      "authorship": "Boiss. & Hausskn.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525168",
      "slug": "alcea-peduncularis",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea pisidica",
      "authorship": "Hub.-Mor.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525173",
      "slug": "alcea-pisidica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea popovii",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525175",
      "slug": "alcea-popovii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea rechingeri",
      "authorship": "(Zohary) I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525177",
      "slug": "alcea-rechingeri",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea remotiflora",
      "authorship": "(Boiss. & Heldr.) Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525179",
      "slug": "alcea-remotiflora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea rhyticarpa",
      "authorship": "(Trautv.) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525181",
      "slug": "alcea-rhyticarpa",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea rosea",
      "authorship": "L.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525183",
      "slug": "alcea-rosea",
      "photographs_found": 604,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/alcea-rosea/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea rosulata",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525185",
      "slug": "alcea-rosulata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea rufescens",
      "authorship": "Boiss.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525186",
      "slug": "alcea-rufescens",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea rugosa",
      "authorship": "Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525187",
      "slug": "alcea-rugosa",
      "photographs_found": 146,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/alcea-rugosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea scabridula",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525190",
      "slug": "alcea-scabridula",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea schirazana",
      "authorship": "Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525191",
      "slug": "alcea-schirazana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea semnanica",
      "authorship": "Pakravan",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000506291",
      "slug": "alcea-semnanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea setosa",
      "authorship": "(Boiss.) Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525192",
      "slug": "alcea-setosa",
      "photographs_found": 3,
      "documented": true,
      "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/alcea-setosa/"
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea sophiae",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525195",
      "slug": "alcea-sophiae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea sosnovskyi",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525196",
      "slug": "alcea-sosnovskyi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea sotudehi",
      "authorship": "Parsa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525197",
      "slug": "alcea-sotudehi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea striata",
      "authorship": "Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525198",
      "slug": "alcea-striata",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea sulphurea",
      "authorship": "(Boiss. & Hohen.) Alef.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525200",
      "slug": "alcea-sulphurea",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea sycophylla",
      "authorship": "Iljin & Nikitin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525201",
      "slug": "alcea-sycophylla",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea tabrisiana",
      "authorship": "(Boiss. & Buhse) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0001077831",
      "slug": "alcea-tabrisiana",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea talassica",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525203",
      "slug": "alcea-talassica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea tarica",
      "authorship": "Pakravan & Ghahr.",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000508362",
      "slug": "alcea-tarica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea teheranica",
      "authorship": "Parsa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525205",
      "slug": "alcea-teheranica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea tholozani",
      "authorship": "Stapf",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525207",
      "slug": "alcea-tholozani",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea transcaucasica",
      "authorship": "(Iljin ex Grossh.) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525209",
      "slug": "alcea-transcaucasica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea turcomanica",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525210",
      "slug": "alcea-turcomanica",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea turkeviczii",
      "authorship": "Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525211",
      "slug": "alcea-turkeviczii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea vameghi",
      "authorship": "Parsa",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525212",
      "slug": "alcea-vameghi",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea wilhelminae",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525213",
      "slug": "alcea-wilhelminae",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea woronowii",
      "authorship": "(Iljin ex Grossh.) Iljin",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525217",
      "slug": "alcea-woronowii",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "scientific_name": "Alcea xanthochlora",
      "authorship": "I.Riedl",
      "wfo": "wfo-0000525218",
      "slug": "alcea-xanthochlora",
      "photographs_found": 0,
      "documented": false,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "evidence_gate": {
    "rule": "at least 3 photographs licensed for commercial use",
    "rationale": "This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species below the gate is listed here rather than given a page of its own."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted names, authorities, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/genus/alcea/"
  }
}