slug: solanum-diversiflorum

scientific: Solanum diversiflorum

epithet: diversiflorum

codes: NTA WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 135 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 6(45): 146

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-donianum

scientific: Solanum donianum

authorship: Walp.

genus: Solanum

epithet: donianum

family: Solanaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 3: 54. 1844.

preferred: mullein nightshade

source: wikidata

Solanum bahamense

authorship: Mill.

Solanum bahamense var. inerme

authorship: Dunal

Solanum blodgettii

authorship: Chapm.

Solanum decurtatum

authorship: Standl. & Steyerm.

Solanum verbascifolium

authorship: L.

authorship: Banks ex Dunal

name: Solanum verbascifolium f. verbascifolium

name: Solanum verbascifolium subf. verbascifolium

name: Solanum verbascifolium subsp. verbascifolium

name: Solanum verbascifolium var. verbascifolium

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BAH BLZ GUA

Florida

code: FLA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

lifeform: shrub

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 610 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Ascia monuste
Euglossa dilemma

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Chiroderma villosum
Eidolon helvum
Epomophorus pusillus
Epomops buettikoferi

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: subshrub

value: tree

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: solanum-douglasii

scientific: Solanum douglasii

epithet: douglasii

preferred: greenspot nightshade

source: inat

Solanum arizonicum

authorship: Parish

Solanum extusviolascens

authorship: Bitter

Solanum umbelliferum var. trachycladum

authorship: Torr.

codes: ARI CAL MXI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM TEX CPI ELS GUA HON NIC

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Central American Pacific Is.

code: CPI

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: perennial or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2040 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Solanum carolinense

slug: solanum-carolinense

species: Solanum nigrum

slug: solanum-nigrum

names:
greenspot nightshade
green-spot nightshade

partners:
Bombus californicus
Bombus sonorus
Hemiptera
Bombus fervidus
Bombus pensylvanicus

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Lema balteata
Psyllobora vigintimaculata

value: herb

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: solanum-dulcamara

scientific: Solanum dulcamara

epithet: dulcamara

preferred: bittersweet nightshade

english:
bittersweet nightshade
Bittersweet
Climbing Nightshade
bittersweet, woody nightshade
climbing nightshade

Dulcamara albiflora

authorship: Opiz

Dulcamara flexuosa

authorship: Moench

Dulcamara lignosa

authorship: Gilib.

Lycopersicon dulcamara

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Solanum albiflora

authorship: Farw.

Solanum albiflorum

authorship: House

Solanum asiae-mediae

authorship: Pojark.

Solanum assimile

authorship: Frivaldsky von Frivald

authorship: Friv.

Solanum atroviolaceum

authorship: Máthé

Solanum borealisinense

authorship: C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang

Solanum depilatum

authorship: Kitag.

Solanum dulcamara f. pubescens

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum dulcamara f. subglabrum

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum dulcamara subsp. ovatum

authorship: (Peterm.) Dunal

Solanum dulcamara subsp. pusztarum

authorship: (Soó) Soó

Solanum dulcamara subvar. villosissimum

authorship: (Desv.) Bornm.

Solanum dulcamara var. albiflora

authorship: Lév.

Solanum dulcamara var. album

authorship: Sweet

Solanum dulcamara var. alpinum

authorship: Schur

Solanum dulcamara var. cordatum

authorship: (Opiz) Dunal

Solanum dulcamara var. cordifolium

authorship: Peterm.

Solanum dulcamara var. indivisum

authorship: Boiss.

Solanum dulcamara var. integrifolia

authorship: Willk.

Solanum dulcamara var. macrocarpum

authorship: (Maxim.) Makino

authorship: Maxim.

Solanum dulcamara var. marinum

authorship: Bab.

Solanum dulcamara var. persicum

authorship: (Willd.) Dinsm.

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) Trautv.

Solanum dulcamara var. pusztarum

authorship: Soó

Solanum dulcamara var. rupestre

authorship: (H.W.Schmidt) Roem. & Schult.

Solanum dulcamara var. tomentosum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Bab.

Solanum dulcamara var. villosissimum

authorship: Desv.

Solanum gracilescens

authorship: Nakai ex Makino

Solanum laxum

authorship: Royle

Solanum lignosum

authorship: Sloboda

Solanum littorale

authorship: Raab

authorship: (Raab) Rchb.

Solanum macrocarpum

authorship: (Maxim.) Kudô

authorship: (Maxim.) Koidz.

Solanum marinum

authorship: (Bab.) Pojark.

Solanum maximowiczii

authorship: Koidz.

Solanum persicum

authorship: Willd.

Solanum persicum subsp. pseudopersicum

authorship: (Pojark.) Schönb.-Tem.

Solanum ruderale

authorship: Salisb.

Solanum rupestre

authorship: Waisb.

Solanum scandens

authorship: Neck.

codes: ALG AZO MOR TUN AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA EAI CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAZ KHA KGZ KRA KUR LBS CHM MON NNS NCS PAL PRM CHQ SAK TZK CHT TCS TKM TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK EHM MYA PAK VIE WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Atropine

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic Anhydrotic Antianoxic Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic Antibradycardic

Solasodine

activities:
Antiandrogenic
Anticancer (Skin)
Anticarcinomic
Anticholinesterase
Antifertility
Antiinflammatory
Antimelanomic
Antispermatogenic

Lycopene

activities:
Anticancer (Bladder)
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)
Anticancer (Prostate)
Antioxidant
Antiprostatitic
Antiradicular
Antitumor

Solamargine

activities: Antitumor Cytotoxic Erythrocytolytic Fungicide Hepatoprotective Insecticide Membranolytic Molluscicide

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Diosgenin

activities: Antifatigue Antiinflammatory Antistress Estrogenic Hepatoprotective Hypocholesterolemic Mastogenic

Solanidine

activities: Anticholinesterase Antifeedant Pesticide Teratogenic Toxic

Stigmasterol

activities: Antihepatotoxic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiophidic Antioxidant Antiviral Artemicide Cancer-Preventive

Cycloartenol

activities: Antibacterial Antiinflammatory Antirheumatic Antistaphylococcic Hypocholesterolemic Pesticide Ubiquiot

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Bittersweet
bittersweet, woody nightshade

names:
ثلثان حلو مر
حلوة مرة

names: Паслён сладко-горький

names: オオマルバノホロシ セイヨウヤマホロシ

names: Паслін солодко-гіркий

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Andrena bicolor
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena nitida
Apamea sordens
Bombus
Bombus hortorum

partners:
Bombus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pratorum
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena nitida
Anthophora terminalis

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Brachiacantha ursina
Enoplognatha ovata
Harmonia axyridis
Helocassis clavata
Lema daturaphila
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Lucilia sericata

partners:
Columba palumbus
Cyanistes caeruleus
Erithacus rubecula
Muscicapa striata
Poecile
Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Sitta europaea
Sturnus vulgaris

partners:
Psylliodes affinis
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Pria dulcamarae
Sylvia borin
Epitrix pubescens
Passer domesticus
Phthorimaea operculella
Poecile montanus

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: solanum-dulcamaroides

scientific: Solanum dulcamaroides

authorship: Poir.

epithet: dulcamaroides

published_in: Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 3: 751. 1814.

Solanum macranthemum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum macrantherum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum megalospermum

authorship: J.L.Gentry & A.Child

Solanum nutans

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Solanum sarmentosum

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

Solanum scandens

authorship: Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: vine

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Poir.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. [2]: 751

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

field: phenology

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: solanum-echegarayi

scientific: Solanum echegarayi

authorship: Hieron.

epithet: echegarayi

published_in: Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. (Cordoba) 9: 58. 1881.

Solanum hastatilobum

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum hastatilobum subsp. brachyphyllum

Solanum juncalense

authorship: Reiche

codes: AGE AGW CLC

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Chile Central

code: CLC

lifeform: perennial

value: non-woody

authors: Hieron.

published_in: Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 4: 58

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-ehrenbergii

scientific: Solanum ehrenbergii

authorship: (Bitter) Rydb.

epithet: ehrenbergii

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 169. 1924.

name: Solanum cardiophyllum subsp. ehrenbergii

authorship: (Bitter) Correll

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
papa blanca
papa buena

authors: Rydb.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 169

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solanum-elaeagnifolium

scientific: Solanum elaeagnifolium

authorship: Cav.

epithet: elaeagnifolium

preferred: silverleaf nightshade

Solanum albiflorum

authorship: Cockerell

Solanum benkei

authorship: Standl.

Solanum dealbatum

authorship: Lindl.

name: Solanum elaeagnifolium f. elaeagnifolium

name: Solanum elaeagnifolium var. angustifolium

authorship: Kuntze

name: Solanum elaeagnifolium var. argyrocroton

authorship: Griseb.

name: Solanum elaeagnifolium var. elaeagnifolium

name: Solanum elaeagnifolium var. grandiflorum

Solanum elaeagnifolium var. leprosum

authorship: (Ortega) Dunal

name: Solanum elaeagnifolium var. obtusifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Dunal

Solanum flavidum

authorship: Torr.

Solanum leprosum

authorship: Ortega

Solanum roemerianum

authorship: Scheele

Solanum saponaceum

authorship: Hook.

Solanum texense

authorship: Engelm. & A.Gray

Solanum uniflorum

authorship: Meyen ex Nees

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ARI CAL COL KAN MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS NEV NWM OKL TEX UTA AGE AGW AGS CLC CLN PAR URU

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nevada

code: NEV

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Utah

code: UTA

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile North

code: CLN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: annual or perennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Morelle à feuilles de chalef, Morelle jaune

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus sonorus
Nomia tetrazonata
Thoracobombus
Xylocopa augusti
Xylocopa californica arizonensis
Xylocopa pubescens

partners:
Agapostemon angelicus
Agapostemon obliquus
Anthophora vallorum
Anthophorula albata
Anthophorula compactula
Apis mellifera
Diadasia ochracea
Exomalopsis solani

quote: Solanum elaeagnifolium, is a deep-rooted, native perennial

quote: rarely reaches a height of more than 3 feet


slug: solanum-ellipticum

scientific: Solanum ellipticum

epithet: ellipticum

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446. 1810.

Solanum albiflora

authorship: Domin

Solanum dianthophorum

authorship: Dunal

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: potato-bush potato-weed

partners:
Inoma arrernte
Jiwarli solanum
Lasiacantha ephemera

label: Height

category: Size

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: berry

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446


slug: solanum-emulans

scientific: Solanum emulans

authorship: Raf.

epithet: emulans

Solanum adventitium

authorship: Polg.

Solanum nigrum var. virginicum

authorship: L.

codes: ALA ABT ARI ARK COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2045 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Eastern Black Nightshade
Solanum ptycanthum

names:
morelle noire de l'Est
morelle noire de l’Est

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Epitrix cucumeris
Helocassis clavata
Hermetia illucens
Leptinotarsa juncta

partners:
Helocassis clavata
Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata


slug: solanum-endoadenium

scientific: Solanum endoadenium

authorship: Bitter

epithet: endoadenium

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 546. 1913.

codes: AGE AGW BOL

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

climate: montane tropical

authors: Bitter

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 546

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-erianthum

scientific: Solanum erianthum

epithet: erianthum

preferred: potatotree

Solanum adulterinum

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Solanum erianthum var. adulterinum

authorship: (Ham. ex G.Don) Baker & N.W.Simmonds

Solanum mauritianum

authorship: Blanco

Solanum pubescens

authorship: Roxb.

Solanum racemosum

authorship: Mill.

Solanum verbascifolium var. adulterina

authorship: Ham.

name: Solanum verbascifolium var. exstipulatum

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX BAH BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM GAL GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE TRT TCI

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Galápagos

code: GAL

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ฝ่าแป้ง มะเขือดง

partners:
Biblis aganisa
Euglossa cordata
Heliconius charithonia vazquezae

partners:
Ceresa paulistana
Sturnira lilium
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Artibeus toltecus
Brotogeris tirica
Carollia perspicillata


slug: solanum-esuriale

scientific: Solanum esuriale

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: esuriale

published_in: Three Exped. Australia [Mitchell] 2: 43. 1838.

Solanum ellipticum f. inermis

authorship: Wawra

Solanum esuriale var. ovalifolium

authorship: Reader

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 318 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
quena
wild tomato

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Three Exped. Australia [Mitchell] 2: 43, in adnot


slug: solanum-euacanthum

scientific: Solanum euacanthum

authorship: Phil.

epithet: euacanthum

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 36: 195. 1870.

codes: AGE AGW AGS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

value: annual

authors: Phil.

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 36: 195

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-evolvulifolium

scientific: Solanum evolvulifolium

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: evolvulifolium

codes: CLM COS ECU PAN PER

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: epiphyte

partners:
Oleria ilerda
Oleria zelica

authors: Greenm.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Guatem. 6: 26

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-ferrugineum

scientific: Solanum ferrugineum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: ferrugineum

published_in: Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 46. 1798.

Solanum ficifolium

authorship: Ortega

Solanum madrense

authorship: Fernald

Solanum membranifolium

authorship: Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.

Solanum obtusifolium

authorship: Hartw. ex Sendtn.

Solanum torvum var. ferrugineum

authorship: (Jacq.) Sendtn.

Solanum torvum var. hartwegianum

authorship: Sendtn.

codes: MXI MXG MXE MXN MXS COS

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 554 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Паслён страшный

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 46, t. 334

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-fulvidum

scientific: Solanum fulvidum

authorship: Bitter

epithet: fulvidum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 390. 1920.

codes: BZN FRG GUY

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 390

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-furcatum

scientific: Solanum furcatum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: furcatum

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 750. 1814.

preferred: forked nightshade

source: wikidata

Solanum andinum

authorship: Reiche

name: Solanum crenatodentatum var. crenatodentatum

Solanum deltoideum

authorship: Colla

Solanum furcatum var. acutidentatum

authorship: Nees

Solanum masafueranum

authorship: Bitter & Skottsb.

Solanum muricatum

authorship: Bertero ex Dunal

Solanum nigrum var. crentatodentatum

authorship: (Dunal) O.E.Schulz

Solanum nigrum var. stylosum

authorship: Witasek ex Reiche

name: Solanum pterocaulum var. dichotomiflorum

Solanum spretum

authorship: C.V.Morton & L.B.Sm.

Witheringia furcata

authorship: (Dunal) J.Rémy

codes: AGS CLC CLN CLS JNF

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

Chile South

code: CLS

Juan Fernández Is.

code: JNF

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1765 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
forked nightshade
broad nightshade

label: Life form

value: chamaephyte

value: 1 m

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. 750


slug: solanum-giganteum

scientific: Solanum giganteum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: giganteum

published_in: Collectanea [Jacquin] 4: 125. 1791.

preferred: bitter-apple tree

english:
bitter-apple tree
healing-leaf bitter-apple
healing-leaf tree
red bitter-apple
thorny bugtree

Solanum argenteum

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wall.

Solanum bequaertii

authorship: De Wild.

Solanum farinaceum

authorship: Griff.

Solanum farinosum

authorship: Wall.

Solanum mildbraedii

authorship: Dammer

Solanum muansense subsp. mildbraedii

authorship: (Dammer) Bitter

Solanum nilghiry

authorship: Noton ex Dunal

Solanum niveum

authorship: Vahl

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: BUR CMN CPP CON ZAI SWZ ETH OFS GAB KEN NAT MLW MOZ NGA TVL RWA SUD TAN UGA ZIM IND SRL

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

region: West Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

India

code: IND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 378 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Oxyrhachis delalandei
Pteropodidae
Salebria inhonesta

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-glaucophyllum

scientific: Solanum glaucophyllum

authorship: Desf.

epithet: glaucophyllum

preferred: waxyleaf nightshade

Solanum albomarginatum

authorship: (Chodat) Hassl.

Solanum glaucescens

authorship: Bacle ex Dunal

Solanum glaucum

authorship: Dunal

authorship: Rojas

authorship: Bertol.

Solanum glaucum-fruticosum

authorship: Larrañaga

Solanum malacoxylon

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum malacoxylon f. vulgare

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum malacoxylon subf. angustissimum

authorship: (Kuntze) Hassl.

Solanum malacoxylon var. albomarginatum

authorship: Chodat

Solanum malacoxylon var. angustissimum

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 655 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
waxyleaf nightshade
waxy-leaved nightshade

names:
Duraznillo blanco
Varilla

names:
Espichadeira
Solanum malacoxylon

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: phanerophyte

published_in: Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 396


slug: solanum-glutinosum

scientific: Solanum glutinosum

epithet: glutinosum

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 769. 1814.

Solanum nicotianifolium

authorship: Lag.

codes: CLM ECU PER

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Dunal

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. 769


slug: solanum-goetzei

scientific: Solanum goetzei

authorship: Dammer

epithet: goetzei

Solanum bagamojense

authorship: Bitter & Dammer

Solanum goetzei var. bagamojense

authorship: (Bitter & Dammer) Bitter

codes: KEN MLW MOZ TAN ZIM

Kenya

code: KEN

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

value: 2 m

authors: Dammer

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28(4): 473


slug: solanum-graniticum

scientific: Solanum graniticum

epithet: graniticum

Queensland

code: QLD


slug: solanum-grayi

scientific: Solanum grayi

authorship: Rose

epithet: grayi

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 361 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Rose

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 108


slug: solanum-guaraniticum

scientific: Solanum guaraniticum

epithet: guaraniticum

Solanum bonariense f. subintegrum

authorship: (Hassl.) Chodat

Solanum bonariense var. paraguariense

authorship: (Chodat) Chodat

Solanum bonariense var. villaricense

authorship: (Morong) Chodat

Solanum regnellii

authorship: Hiern

Solanum villaricense

authorship: Morong

codes: AGE BZS PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12: 321


slug: solanum-guineense

scientific: Solanum guineense

authorship: L.

epithet: guineense

preferred: dune nightshade

english:
dune nightshade
sea nightshade

Solanum aggregatum

authorship: Jacq.

Solanum aggregatum var. bachmannii

authorship: (Dammer) Bitter

Solanum dasypus

authorship: Drège ex Dunal

Solanum guiencense

authorship: Hill

Solanum monticolum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum sempervirens

authorship: Mill.

Solanum solonaceum

authorship: Druce

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 494 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dune nightshade
sea nightshade

value: variable

authors: L.


slug: solanum-gympiense

scientific: Solanum gympiense

authorship: Symon

epithet: gympiense

published_in: Austrobaileya 4: 433. 1995.

authors: Symon

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-habrochaites

scientific: Solanum habrochaites

authorship: S.Knapp & D.M.Spooner

epithet: habrochaites

Lycopersicon agrimonifolium

authorship: Hort.Berol. ex Sendtn.

Lycopersicon agrimoniifolium

authorship: Herb.Berol. ex Dunal

Lycopersicon glabratum

authorship: (C.H.Mull.) C.M.Rick, Fobes & S.D.Tanksley

name: Lycopersicon hirsutum var. agrimoniifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Luckwill

Lycopersicon hirsutum var. glabratum

authorship: (C.H.Mull.) Luckwill

Solanum agrimonifolium

authorship: (Dunal) J.F.Macbr.

Solanum agrimoniifolium

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Alljopatomate Nisquihua

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: S.Knapp & D.M.Spooner

published_in: Novon 9(3): 375, nom. nov

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-hazenii

scientific: Solanum hazenii

authorship: Britton

epithet: hazenii

Solanum laurifolium

authorship: Sieber ex Dunal

name: Solanum verbascifolium var. viridiscabrum

codes: MXE MXN MXT MXS BZE BZL BZC CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Automeris zugana
Glossophaga soricina
Stunira lilium
Sturnira lilium

authors: Britton

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 338

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-herculeum

scientific: Solanum herculeum

authorship: Bohs

epithet: herculeum

Fontqueriella osbeckii

authorship: (L.) Rothm.

Triguera ambrosiaca

authorship: Cav.

Triguera osbeckii

authorship: (L.) Willk.

Verbascum osbeckii

authorship: L.

codes: ALG MOR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Spain

code: SPA

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

authors: Bohs

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-heterodoxum

scientific: Solanum heterodoxum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: heterodoxum

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 235, tab. 25. 1813.

preferred: melonleaf nightshade

Androcera heterodoxa

authorship: (Dunal) Standl.

Nycterium heterodoxum

authorship: (Dunal) Link

Solanum echinocarpum

authorship: Balb.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NWM

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 235. t. 25

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-hexandrum

scientific: Solanum hexandrum

authorship: Vell.

epithet: hexandrum

Solanum hexandrum

authorship: (Vell.) Voss

Solanum hexandrum var. minax

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum maroniense

authorship: Poit.

Solanum maroniense var. hexandrum

authorship: (Vell.) Dunal

Solanum minax

authorship: Mart. ex Sendtn.

codes: BZE BZL FRG

French Guiana

code: FRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: GIFT

authors: Vell.

published_in: Fl. Flumin. 88


slug: solanum-hieronymi

scientific: Solanum hieronymi

authorship: Kuntze

epithet: hieronymi

Solanum pocote

authorship: Hieron. ex Millán

codes: AGE AGW BOL PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Paraguay

code: PAR

authors: Kuntze

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: solanum-hindsianum

scientific: Solanum hindsianum

authorship: Benth.

epithet: hindsianum

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur 39. 1844.

preferred: Hinds' nightshade

codes: ARI MXE MXN

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1191 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hinds' nightshade
Baja California nightshade

names: Паслён Хайндса

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 39


slug: solanum-hirtum

scientific: Solanum hirtum

authorship: Vahl

epithet: hirtum

Solanum echinocarpum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum meridense

authorship: Bitter & Pittier

Solanum molestum

authorship: Brandegee

Solanum obtusifrons

authorship: Bitter ex Pittier

Solanum orinocense

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

Solanum timotense

authorship: Pittier

codes: MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAN TRT VEN VNA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

region: Caribbean

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 213 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Coyol de Gato
Put-balam

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Glossophaga soricina
Sturnira lilium
Artibeus jamaicensis
Mechanitis menapis menapis
Sturnira parvidens

partners:
Conura acragae
Conura desmieri
Conura magdelenensis
Haltichella

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-houstonii

scientific: Solanum houstonii

authorship: Martyn

epithet: houstonii

Nycterium amazonium

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Sims

Solanum amazonium

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Solanum azureum

authorship: Fernald

Solanum carolinense

authorship: Mill.

Solanum herbertianum

authorship: Paxton

Solanum obtusilobum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Solanum polygamum

authorship: Boiss. ex Dunal

Solanum tridynamum

authorship: Dunal

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 941 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Martyn


slug: solanum-hovei

scientific: Solanum hovei

epithet: hovei

India

code: IND

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-humboldtianum

scientific: Solanum humboldtianum

authorship: Granados-Tochoy & S.Knapp

epithet: humboldtianum

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

authors: Granados-Tochoy & S.Knapp

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-humile

scientific: Solanum humile

authorship: Lam.

epithet: humile

preferred: Low nightshade

Solanum damarense

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum multiglandulosum var. multiarmatum

name: Solanum multiglandulosum var. multiglandulosum

Solanum rigescens

authorship: Jacq.

Solanum rigescentoides

authorship: Hutch.

codes: ANG CPP NAT NAM TVL

Angola

code: ANG

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 161 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Lam.

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. 2: 23

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-hystrix

scientific: Solanum hystrix

epithet: hystrix

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446. 1810.

South Australia

code: SOA

region: Australia

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-inaequilaterum

scientific: Solanum inaequilaterum

authorship: Domin

epithet: inaequilaterum

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Domin

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: solanum-interandinum

scientific: Solanum interandinum

epithet: interandinum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 217. 1912.

Solanum melanostictocarpum

authorship: Gilli

Solanum pentlandii subsp. interandinum

authorship: (Bitter) Edmonds

Solanum soriae

authorship: Heiser

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Hierba mora
Moradilla

authors: Bitter

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 217

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-intonsum

scientific: Solanum intonsum

epithet: intonsum


slug: solanum-ivohibe

scientific: Solanum ivohibe

authorship: D'Arcy & Rakot.

epithet: ivohibe

authors: D'Arcy & Rakot.


slug: solanum-jamaicense

scientific: Solanum jamaicense

epithet: jamaicense

preferred: Jamaican nightshade

Solanum cuneifolium

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum decurrens

authorship: Banks ex Dunal

Solanum dubium

authorship: Fresen

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI JAM NIC PAN PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 232 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amblyophallus exaltata
Carollia brevicaudum
Artibeus gnomus
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus obscurus
Artibeus phaeotis
Artibeus planirostris
Carollia castanea

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-jamesii

scientific: Solanum jamesii

authorship: Torr.

epithet: jamesii

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 227. 1828.

preferred: wild potato

Solanum jamesii var. sinclairii

authorship: Bitter & Correvon

codes: ARI COL MXE MXN NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 139 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: Torr.

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2(7-8): 227

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-juglandifolium

scientific: Solanum juglandifolium

epithet: juglandifolium

Lycopersicon juglandifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Stank.

authorship: (Dunal) J.M.H.Shaw

name: Solanum juglandifolium var. cundinamarcae

name: Solanum juglandifolium var. juglandifolium

name: Solanum juglandifolium var. lehmannianum

authorship: (Bitter) Bitter

name: Solanum juglandifolium var. suprascaberrimum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

published_in: Solan. Syn. 6

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: solanum-juvenale

scientific: Solanum juvenale

authorship: Thell.

epithet: juvenale

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 161. 1908.

Solanum meloncillo

authorship: Parodi

codes: AGE AGW PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 145 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: geophyte

authors: Thell.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 161

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-kurtzianum

scientific: Solanum kurtzianum

authorship: Bitter & Wittm.

epithet: kurtzianum

name: Solanum commersonii var. glanduloso-pubescens

Solanum improvidum

authorship: Brücher

Solanum juanense

authorship: Wittm.

Solanum macolae

authorship: Bukasov

authors: Bitter & Wittm.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solanum-laciniatum

scientific: Solanum laciniatum

authorship: Aiton

epithet: laciniatum

preferred: kangaroo-apple

source: inat

Solanum australiense

authorship: Geras.

Solanum aviculare var. laciniatum

authorship: (Aiton) Domin

Solanum pinnatifidum

authorship: Lam.

Solanum pinnatifolium

authorship: Salisb.

codes: CTM NSW NZN NZS SOA TAS VIC WAU

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

New South Wales

code: NSW

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1972 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

names:
Morelle des oiseaux
Morelle du Cap

names:
Gult känguruäpple
känguruäpple

names:
Solanum shasua
סולנו

names:
afal cangarŵ
Afalau Cangarŵ

value: 4 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-lacunarium

scientific: Solanum lacunarium

epithet: lacunarium

published_in: Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1: 18. 1855.

codes: NSW QLD SOA VIC

Queensland

code: QLD

value: shrub

published_in: Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 18

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: solanum-lanceifolium

scientific: Solanum lanceifolium

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: lanceifolium

published_in: Collectanea [Jacquin] 2: 286. 1789.

preferred: lanceleaf nightshade

Solanum ambiguum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum crotonoides

authorship: Sieber ex C.Presl

Solanum flexuosum

authorship: Vahl

Solanum hoffmannii

authorship: Bitter ex Standl. & C.V.Morton

name: Solanum lanceifolium var. brachyacanthum

authorship: (Dunal) O.E.Schulz

name: Solanum lanceifolium var. punctato-maculatum

Solanum obscurum

authorship: Sieber ex Dunal

Solanum preslei

authorship: A.DC. ex Dunal

Solanum scandens

authorship: Sw.

Solanum totonacum

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Solanum volubile

authorship: Thibaud ex Dunal

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ CAY CLM COS DOM GUA HON LEE NIC PAN PER PUE TRT VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

Windward Is.

code: WIN

lifeform: subshrub or climbing shrub

partners:
Alouatta guariba
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia perspicillata
Sturnira lilium


slug: solanum-lanceolatum

scientific: Solanum lanceolatum

authorship: Cav.

epithet: lanceolatum

preferred: orangeberry nightshade

Solanum canescens

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

Solanum cymosum

authorship: Ortega

Solanum densiflorum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Solanum glutinosum var. irazuense

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum hartwegii

authorship: Benth.

Solanum inaequale

authorship: Hornem.

Solanum molinum

authorship: Fernald

Solanum oliganthum

authorship: Link

Solanum rariflorum

authorship: Steud.

Solanum rossii

authorship: Knowles & Westc.

Solanum schiedeanum

authorship: Schltdl.

Solanum torvum var. schiedeanum

authorship: Sendtn.

codes: MXC MXG MXE BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 615 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
orangeberry nightshade
lance-leaf nightshade

partners:
Danaus plexippus plexippus
Eulaema polychroma

partners:
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Sturnira lilium
Uroderma bilobatum
Artibeus gnomus
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus obscurus


slug: solanum-lasiocarpum

scientific: Solanum lasiocarpum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: lasiocarpum

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 222. 1813.

preferred: Indian nightshade

Solanum ferox var. lasiocarpum

authorship: (Dunal) Miq.

Solanum hirsutum

authorship: Roxb.

Solanum indicum

authorship: L.

Solanum kalimantanense

authorship: Djarwan., Agust. & M.R.Hariri

Solanum lasiocarpum var. domesticum

authorship: Heiser

Solanum pandeyi

authorship: L.J.Singh & Kasana

Solanum pubescens

authorship: Heyne ex Walp.

Solanum quadriloculare

authorship: Spreng.

Solanum zeylanicum

authorship: Blanco

codes: CHC CHS TAI AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SRL SUL THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Histoire Naturelle, m?dicale et ?conomique de Solanum


slug: solanum-lasiophyllum

scientific: Solanum lasiophyllum

epithet: lasiophyllum

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 764. 1814.

Solanum crassissimum

authorship: (Benth.) Domin

Solanum inceanum

authorship: Domin

Solanum lasiophyllum var. crassissimum

authorship: Benth.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 569 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
flannel bush
flannelbush

partners:
Acizzia credoensis
Blesingia gularis
Jiwarli solanum

authors: Dunal

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. 764


slug: solanum-laxum

scientific: Solanum laxum

epithet: laxum

preferred: jasmine nightshade

source: usda

name: Solanum boerhaviifolium var. boerhaviifolium

Solanum integrifolia

authorship: Paxton

name: Solanum jasminoides var. boerhaviifolium

authorship: (Sendtn.) Kuntze

Solanum jasminoides var. glaberrimum

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGE BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1094 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nightshade
jasmine nightshade

partners:
Thygater aethiops
Bombus pauloensis
Bombus robustus
Cacicus chrysopterus
Cacicus haemorrhous
Carollia perspicillata
Chiroxiphia caudata
Chlorophonia cyanea

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Citrus exocortis viroid Sj 1
Citrus exocortis viroid Sj 2
Tomato apical stunt viroid Sj1


slug: solanum-leucocarpon

scientific: Solanum leucocarpon

epithet: leucocarpon

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 756. 1814.

Solanum bifolium

authorship: Aubl. ex Dunal

Solanum brevipedunculatum

authorship: Rusby

Solanum coarense

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum eshbaughianum

authorship: D'Arcy

Solanum extraxillare

authorship: Klotzsch

Solanum patellare

authorship: Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.

Solanum surinamense

authorship: Steud.

codes: AGW BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM ECU FRG GUY PAN PER SUR VEN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Panamá

code: PAN

region: Central America

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Horiola picta
Stegaspis fronditia
Abelus luctuosus
Alobia alutacea
Amastris obtegens
Artibeus cinereus
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia perspicillata

value: tree

value: 6 m

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. 756

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-lhotskyanum

scientific: Solanum lhotskyanum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: lhotskyanum

value: woody


slug: solanum-lichtensteinii

scientific: Solanum lichtensteinii

authorship: Willd.

epithet: lichtensteinii

published_in: Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 238. 1809.

preferred: bitter apple

english:
bitter apple
bitter thorn
large yellow bitter apple

Solanum esculentum

authorship: Drège ex Dunal

Solanum homblei

authorship: De Wild.

Solanum incanum subsp. horridescens

authorship: Bitter

Solanum incanum var. lichtensteinii

authorship: (Willd.) Bitter

Solanum incanum var. subexarmatum

authorship: (Dunal) Bitter

Solanum leycesterianum

authorship: Savi ex Delile

Solanum subexarmatum

authorship: Dammer

codes: BOT ZAI OFS MOZ NAM TAN ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 518 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bitter apple
bitter thorn

names: Паслён Лихтенштейна

names: bitterappel dorrelappel

value: perennial

authors: Willd.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1: 238


slug: solanum-limitare

scientific: Solanum limitare

epithet: limitare

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

label: Flowering months

value: Sep-Feb


slug: solanum-linnaeanum

scientific: Solanum linnaeanum

authorship: Hepper & P.-M.L.Jaeger

epithet: linnaeanum

Solanum astrophorum

authorship: Jan

Solanum sodomeum var. hermannii

authorship: (Dunal) Dunal

Solanum undatum

authorship: Bouton ex Dunal

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Apple of Sodom
Apple-of-Sodom

names: Паслён Линнея

names: Bitterappel Gifappel

partners:
Acherontia atropos
Bactrocera latifrons

value: 3 m

authors: Hepper & P.-M.L.Jaeger


slug: solanum-lithophilum

scientific: Solanum lithophilum

epithet: lithophilum

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 346 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: potato-bush potato-weed

published_in: Linnaea 25: 434


slug: solanum-longiconicum

scientific: Solanum longiconicum

epithet: longiconicum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 534. 1912.

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

value: herb

value: vine

value: non-woody

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 534

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-luculentum

scientific: Solanum luculentum

epithet: luculentum

codes: CLM VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

value: liana

authors: C.V.Morton ex S.Knapp


slug: solanum-lycocarpum

scientific: Solanum lycocarpum

epithet: lycocarpum

Solanum apaense

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Solanum grandiflorum var. angustifolium

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum grandiflorum var. macrocarpum

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum lycocarpum var. decalvatum

authorship: Witasek

Solanum lycocarpum var. genuinum

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Hassl.

Solanum lycocarpum var. macrocarpum

authorship: (Hassl.) Hassl.

Solanum lycocarpum var. paraguariense

authorship: (Chodat & Hassl.) Hassl.

Solanum rupincola var. macrocarpum

authorship: (Hassl.) Chodat

Solanum undatum

authorship: Walsh

codes: BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 323 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wolf apple
wolf-apple

names: Lobo fruta-do-lobo

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Xylocopa frontalis
Xylocopa grisescens
Xylocopa hirsutissima
Xylocopa suspecta

label: Eaten by

partners:
Enchenopa brasiliensis
Guayaquila xiphias
Platyrrhinus lineatus
Chrysocyon brachyurus
Leucanella memusae
Lycalopex vetulus
Tapirus terrestris

value: phanerophyte

value: 5 m

value: deciduous

published_in: Voy. Distr. Diam. 1(2): 333


slug: solanum-lycopersicoides

scientific: Solanum lycopersicoides

authorship: Dunal

epithet: lycopersicoides

Lycopersicon lycopersicoides

authorship: (Dunal) Stank.

authorship: (Dunal) A.Child ex J.M.H.Shaw

codes: CLN PER

Chile North

code: CLN

Peru

code: PER

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-lycopersicum

scientific: Solanum lycopersicum

authorship: L.

epithet: lycopersicum

preferred: tomato

english:
tomato
garden tomato

Amatula flava

authorship: Medik.

name: Lycopersicon cerasiforme var. cerasiforme

Lycopersicon cerasiforme var. cognitum

authorship: Mazk.

name: Lycopersicon cerasiforme var. leptophyllum

name: Lycopersicon cerasiforme var. rotundilobum

Lycopersicon esculentum

authorship: Mill.

Lycopersicon esculentum f. pyriforme

authorship: (Dunal) C.H.Mull.

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. esculentum

Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. galenii

authorship: (Mill.) Luckwill

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. humboldtii

authorship: (Willd.) Luckwill

Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. typicum

authorship: Luckwill

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detgrandifolioaurantium

authorship: Khrapolova

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detgrandifolioroseum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detgrandifoliorubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvalidoaurantium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvalidocitreum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvalidoluteum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvalidorubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvulgareaurantium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvulgarecitreum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvulgareluteum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvulgareroseum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvulgarerubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvulgarerufum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. detvulgarevariegatum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. esculentum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. flaviocarpum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetgrandifolioaurantium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetgrandifolioluteum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetgrandifolioroseum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetgrandifoliorubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvalidoaurantium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvalidorubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvalidovariegatum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarealbum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgareaurantium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarebrunneorubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarechlorocoralli

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarechlorosarcum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarecitreum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgareluteum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgareroseum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarerubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarerufum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. indetvulgarevariegatum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. luteocarpum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. nanovalidoaurantium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. nanovalidorubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. nanovulgareaurantium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. nanovulgareroseum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. nanovulgarerubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. rhodocarpum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. rosicarpum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. rubescens

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. rubicundum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subvar. xanthocarpum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. amplipinnatum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. brunneorubrum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme

authorship: (Dunal) Alef.

authorship: (Dunal) A.Gray

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. chlorocorallinum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. chlorosarcum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. colombianum

Lycopersicon esculentum var. cydonicum

authorship: Alef.

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. densifolium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. grandifolium

Lycopersicon esculentum var. humboltii

authorship: (Willd.) Brezhnev

authorship: (Willd.) Alef.

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. leptophyllum

authorship: (Dunal) D'Arcy

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. mikadofolium

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. myrobalaneum

Lycopersicon esculentum var. oviforme

authorship: (Voss) C.O.Lehm.

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. parvibaccatum

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. persicoides

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. pluriloculare

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. umbertianum

Lycopersicon esculentum var. vulgare

authorship: Brezhnev

Lycopersicon humboldtii

authorship: (Willd.) Dunal

Lycopersicon lycopersicum

authorship: (L.) Farw.

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

name: Lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasiforme

authorship: (Dunal) M.R.Almeida

Lycopersicon lycopersicum var. commune

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) Farw.

Lycopersicon macrophyllum

authorship: Guss.

Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme

authorship: (Dunal) D.M.Spooner, G.J.Anderson & R.K.Jansen

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Gaba

activities: Analeptic Anticephalagic Anticerebrotic Antichoreic Anticonvulsant Antihypertensive Antiinsomniac Antilethargic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Alpha-linolenic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaggregant Antihypertensive Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Antimenorrhagic Antimetastatic Antiprostatitic

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Alpha-tocopherol

activities: Antialzheimeran Antianginal Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Antiatherosclerotic Anticancer Anticataract Anticonvulsant

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names: томат помидор

partners:
Augochlora
Bombus
Bombus morio
Bombus pauloensis
Bombus terrestris
Bombus transversalis
Exomalopsis auropilosa
Melipona

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Anthophora urbana
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Apis florea
Apis mellifera

partners:
Acharis ussuriensis
Acherontia lachesis
Acleris variegana
Amrasca biguttula
Antianthe expansa
Antianthe expansa expansa
Asymmetrasca decedens
Austroagallia sarobica

partners:
Cactodera solani
Eretmocerus
Fusarium oxysporum
Globodera rostochiensis
Meloidogyne
Meloidogyne luci
Necremnus cosmopterix
Phelipanche aegyptiaca

partners: Ageratum yellow vein virus satellite DNA beta-[Ishigaki]


slug: solanum-lyratum

scientific: Solanum lyratum

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: lyratum

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) 92. 1784.

Solanum cathayanum

authorship: C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang

Solanum dichotomum

authorship: Lour.

Solanum dulcamara var. chinense

authorship: Dunal

Solanum dulcamara var. lyratum

authorship: (Thunb.) Bonati

Solanum dulcamara var. pubescens

authorship: Blume

Solanum lyratum f. purpuratum

authorship: Konta & Katsuy.

Solanum lyratum var. filamentaceum

authorship: Hayashi

Solanum lyratum var. glabratum

authorship: Maxim.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR TAI CHT CBD VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Cambodia

code: CBD

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: scrambling shrub or liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 837 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lyre-leaf nightshade
lyreleaf nightshade

names: 白英 蜀羊泉

value: 1 m

label: Life cycle

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lipsiae) 92

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: solanum-macoorai

scientific: Solanum macoorai

epithet: macoorai

published_in: Queensland Dept. Agric. Bull. 8: 80. 1893.

preferred: Nightshade

Queensland

code: QLD

published_in: Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric., Queensland 8: 80

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-maglia

scientific: Solanum maglia

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: maglia

Solanum maglia

authorship: Molina

Solanum maglia var. brevifrons

authorship: Bitter

Solanum maglia var. collinum

authorship: (Dunal) Bitter

Solanum sabinei

authorship: (A.DC.) Berthault

Solanum tuberosum

authorship: Poepp. ex Walp.

Solanum tuberosum var. maglia

authorship: (Schltdl.) A.DC.

codes: AGW CLC

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Chile Central

code: CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schltdl.

published_in: Hort. Hal. 6


slug: solanum-mahoriense

scientific: Solanum mahoriense

authorship: D'Arcy & Rakot.

epithet: mahoriense

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73: 498. 1986.

value: variable

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-malmeanum

scientific: Solanum malmeanum

epithet: malmeanum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 447. 1913.

Solanum chacoense f. pilosulum

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum commersonii f. malmeanum

authorship: (Bitter) Correll

Solanum commersonii subsp. malmeanum

authorship: (Bitter) Firbas & Ross

authorship: (Bitter) Hawkes & Hjert.

name: Solanum commersonii subsp. pseudostipulatum

Solanum commersonii unranked pubescens

authorship: Chodat

name: Solanum commersonii var. pseudostipulatum

Solanum millanii

authorship: Bukasov & Lechn.

Solanum pilosulum

authorship: (Hassl.) Hassl.

Solanum pseudostipulatum

authorship: (Hassl.) Bukasov

codes: AGE BZS PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 447


slug: solanum-mammosum

scientific: Solanum mammosum

authorship: L.

epithet: mammosum

preferred: Lady Nipples

english:
Lady Nipples
Nipple Fruit
Nipplefruit
Pig's Ears
apple of Sodom
nipple fruit
nipplefruit
nipplefruit nightshade

Solanum corniculatum

authorship: Huber

authorship: André

Solanum globiferum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum mammosum

authorship: Lour.

Solanum mammosum var. corniculum

authorship: Ridl.

Solanum platanifolium

authorship: Sims

authorship: Sendtn.

name: Solanum platanifolium var. platanifolium

Solanum villosissimum

authorship: Zuccagni

codes: BLZ BOL BZN BZE CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI JAM LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 208 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Solasodine

activities:
Antiandrogenic
Anticancer (Skin)
Anticarcinomic
Anticholinesterase
Antifertility
Antiinflammatory
Antimelanomic
Antispermatogenic

Solasonine

activities: Antitumor Cardiodepressant Cardiotonic Erythrocytolytic Hemolytic Hepatoprotective Insecticide Memranolytic

names:
apple of Sodom
Lady Nipples

names: 乳茄 五指茄

names: beringela vaquinha


slug: solanum-marginatum

scientific: Solanum marginatum

epithet: marginatum

preferred: purple African nightshade

Solanum cabiliense var. argenteum

authorship: hort. ex Vilm.

Solanum coagulans

authorship: A.Schimp. ex Dunal

Solanum marginatum var. polyhoplum

authorship: Bitter

Solanum niveum

authorship: All. ex Vitman

codes: DJI ERI ETH

Djibouti

code: DJI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 442 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
purple African nightshade
white-edge nightshade

names:
Bola de oro
Cabalonga

value: subshrub

label: Height

value: evergreen

label: Flower colour

value: white

value: Apr-Jun

label: Photosynthetic pathway

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 147

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-mauritianum

scientific: Solanum mauritianum

authorship: Scop.

epithet: mauritianum

published_in: Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 16. 1788.

preferred: earleaf nightshade

Solanum auriculatum

authorship: Aiton

Solanum carterianum

authorship: Rock

Solanum pulverulentum

authorship: Salisb.

Solanum tabaccifolium

authorship: Vell.

name: Solanum verbascifolium subsp. auriculatum

authorship: (Aiton) Kuntze

Solanum verbascifolium var. auriculatum

authorship: Maiden

Solanum verbascifolium var. typicum

authorship: Hassl.

codes: AGE BZS BZL URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2029 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Tree tobacco, Wild tobacco tree, Earleaf nightshade, Woolly nightshade, Bugweed, Tobacco weed, Tobacco bush, Wild tobacco, Kerosene plant, Wild tobacco bush, Wild tobacco plant

names: 假烟树 野烟树

names: couvetinga cuvitinga

names: Bois de tabac marron, Morelle de Maurice, Arbre tabac

names: Bringellier marron, Bois de tabac marron, Tabac marron

partners:
Aframegilla
Zonalictus
Apis mellifera
Ceratina
Ceratina viridis
Colias croceus
Colletes
Halictidae

label: Visited by

partners:
Enchenopa
Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata
Melipona scutellaris

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Anthoscopus caroli
Chlorocichla laetissima
Colius striatus
Crithagra mozambica
Elminia longicauda
Phylloscopus budongoensis
Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Phylloscopus trochilus

partners:
Artibeus lituratus
Ramphocelus carbo
Tachyphonus coronatus
Acizzia solanicola
Callicebus nigrifrons
Carollia perspicillata
Colius striatus
Cuspicona simplex

label: Parasites

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: tree

value: woody

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

label: Life form


slug: solanum-melongena

scientific: Solanum melongena

authorship: L.

epithet: melongena

preferred: aubergine

english: aubergine eggplant

source: wikidata

Melongena esculenta

authorship: (Dunal) Grecescu

Melongena incurva

authorship: Mill.

Solanum aethiopicum var. violaceum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum album

authorship: Noronha

authorship: Lour.

Solanum edule

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

Solanum longum

authorship: Roxb. ex Wall.

authorship: Roxb.

Solanum melanoxylon

authorship: Link

Solanum melongena subsp. agreste

authorship: Dikii

Solanum melongena subsp. agrestis

authorship: Filov

Solanum melongena var. esculentum

authorship: (Dunal) Walp.

Solanum melongena var. giganteum

authorship: (Alef.) Dikii

Solanum melongena var. inerme

authorship: (Dunal) Hiern

Solanum melongena var. leucojum

authorship: Alef.

Solanum melongena var. ovigera

authorship: Pers.

Solanum mexianum

authorship: Hill

Solanum oviferum

authorship: Nocca

name: Solanum ovigerum unranked sinuatorepandum

Solanum ovigerum var. album

authorship: Sweet

Solanum ovigerum var. insanum

authorship: Blume

name: Solanum ovigerum var. oblongo-cylindricum

name: Solanum pseudoundatum var. atropurpurascens

name: Solanum pseudoundatum var. pseudoundatum

Solanum sativum var. albiflorum

authorship: (Blume) Dunal

Solanum serpentinum

authorship: Desf. ex Dunal

authorship: Desf.

codes: MDG MAU REU CHC CHS CHH ASS BAN BOR EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA PAK PHI SCS SRL SUL THA VIE WHM

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Mauritius

code: MAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 680 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Choline

activities: Antialzheimeran Antichoreic Anticirrhotic Anticystinuric Antidementia Antidiabetic Antidyskinetic Antihomocysteine

names:
lilek vejcoplodý
lilek vejcoplodý (baklažán)

partners:
Amegilla cingulata
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris canariensis
Pieris rapae

partners:
Antianthe expansa
Apis cerana
Cyphonia clavata
Entylia carinata
Ephippiger provincialis
Epitrix fasciata
Harmonia axyridis
Hylephila phyleus

partners:
Amrasca biguttula
Asiraca clavicornis
Asymmetrasca decedens
Hishimonus phycitis
Jacobiasca lybica
Omolicna puertana
Orosanga japonica
Peregrinus maidis

partners:
Encarsia pergandiella
Adektitopus longipennis
Aenasius arizonensis
Anagrus empoascae
Anagyrus amnestos
Antrocephalus crassipes
Aphelinus abdominalis
Aphelinus gossypii

partners: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-mitlense

scientific: Solanum mitlense

authorship: Dunal

epithet: mitlense

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Coyotomatl
Hoja de manteca

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: solanum-montanum

scientific: Solanum montanum

authorship: L.

epithet: montanum

Solanum laurentii

authorship: Mitch.

Solanum phyllanthum

authorship: Cav.

Solanum pocote

authorship: Hieron.

Solanum purpureum

authorship: (Lodd.) Dunal

Witheringia montana

authorship: (L.) Dunal

Witheringia phyllantha

authorship: (Cav.) Dunal

Witheringia purpurea

authorship: Lodd.

codes: CLC CLN PER

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

Peru

code: PER

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: perennial

authors: L.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-muricatum

scientific: Solanum muricatum

authorship: Aiton

epithet: muricatum

preferred: pepino

Solanum glaberrimum

authorship: Correll

Solanum guatemalense

authorship: hort.

Solanum longifolium

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Solanum melaniferum

authorship: Moric. ex Dunal

Solanum muricatum var. papillosistylum

authorship: Bitter

Solanum muricatum var. parvifolium

authorship: Kunth

Solanum pedunculatum

authorship: Willd.

Solanum saccianum

authorship: Naudin

authorship: Carrière & André

Solanum scabrum

authorship: Lam.

Solanum variegatum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Solanum wallisii

authorship: Carrière

codes: CLM ECU PER

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
pepino
Peruvian pepino

names:
Pepino dulce
Cachum

names: 香瓜茄 人参果

names: melão-andino melão-de-árvore

names: Melonenbirne Pepino

partners:
Myzus persicae
Thrips tabaci

partners:
Encarsia tricolor
Eretmocerus mundus
Frankliniella occidentalis

label: Pathogens

partners:
Pepino mosaic virus
Thielaviopsis paradoxa

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

label: Leaf retention

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-myoxotrichum

scientific: Solanum myoxotrichum

authorship: Baker

epithet: myoxotrichum

Solanum forsythii

authorship: Dammer

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Baker

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 426

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: solanum-myriacanthum

scientific: Solanum myriacanthum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: myriacanthum

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 218, tab. 19. 1813.

Solanum chloropetalon

authorship: Schltdl.

Solanum macranthum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Solanum reflexum var. chloropetalon

authorship: (Schltdl.) Witasek

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ COS GUA HON NIC

Belize

code: BLZ

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 136 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flowering months

value: Apr-Nov

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 218. t. 19

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: solanum-nemophilum

scientific: Solanum nemophilum

epithet: nemophilum

Solanum nemophilum var. typicum

authorship: Domin

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 176 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Eaten by

partners:
Adoxophyes heteroidana
Blesingia gularis
Jiwarli solanum

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Fruit type

value: berry

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 2(16): 161


slug: solanum-nigrescens

scientific: Solanum nigrescens

epithet: nigrescens

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(1): 140. 1845.

preferred: divine nightshade

Solanum amethystinum

authorship: (Kuntze) Heiser

Solanum costaricense

authorship: Heiser

name: Solanum crenatodentatum var. ramosissimum

Solanum frutescens

authorship: A.Braun & C.D.Bouché

Solanum jahnii

authorship: Bitter ex Pittier

Solanum nigrum var. amethystinum

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum nigrum var. nigrescens

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze

codes: ALA FLA LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI NWM NCA TEX BAH BLZ CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE TRT VEN WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

North Carolina

code: NCA

Texas

code: TEX

Bahamas

code: BAH

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 631 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon leunculus
Augochlora
Augochloropsis ignita
Bombus ephippiatus
Bombus weisi
Ceratina
Ceratina sapphira
Deltoptila

partners:
Didelphis albiventris
Didelphis aurita
Tapirus pinchaque


slug: solanum-nigrum

scientific: Solanum nigrum

authorship: L.

epithet: nigrum

preferred: black nightshade

english:
black nightshade
Black Nightshade

Solanum acutifolium

authorship: Kit. ex Kanitz

Solanum atriplicifolium

authorship: Desp. ex Dunal

name: Solanum atriplicifolium var. atriplicifolium

Solanum bidentatum

authorship: Raf.

Solanum cechicum

authorship: Opiz

Solanum chlorocarpum

authorship: Schur

Solanum humile

authorship: Nocca

authorship: Salisb.

Solanum judaicum

authorship: (L.) Miq.

authorship: Besser

authorship: Hack. ex Dunal

Solanum luridum

authorship: Wessely

Solanum morella

authorship: Desv.

Solanum morella subsp. nigrum

authorship: (L.) Rouy

Solanum nigrum

authorship: Tausch ex Dunal

Solanum nigrum f. chlorocarpum

authorship: A.Braun ex Döll

Solanum nigrum f. genuinum

authorship: Döll

Solanum nigrum f. judaicum

authorship: Miq.

Solanum nigrum f. paludosum

authorship: (Dunal) Miq.

Solanum nigrum subsp. australiense

authorship: Filov

Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii

authorship: (Opiz) Wessely

Solanum nigrum subvar. atriplicifolium

authorship: (Desp. ex Dunal) Schinz & Thell.

Solanum nigrum var. aegyptiacum

authorship: Lam. ex C.C.Gmel.

Solanum nigrum var. atriplicifolium

authorship: Desp. ex G.Don

authorship: Desp. ex Filov

Solanum nigrum var. chlorocarpum

authorship: (Spenn.) Lindm.

authorship: (Spenn.) Döll

authorship: Spenn.

authorship: Koch

authorship: (Spenn.) Schur

Solanum nigrum var. flavidum

authorship: S.Z.Liou & W.Q.Wang

Solanum nigrum var. genuinum

authorship: (Döll) Döll

authorship: Hassl.

authorship: Godr.

Solanum nigrum var. glabrum

authorship: Lowe

Solanum nigrum var. incisum

authorship: Täckh. & Boulos

Solanum nigrum var. legitimum

authorship: Neilr.

Solanum nigrum var. perennans

authorship: Bertol.

Solanum nigrum var. schultesii

authorship: (Opiz) Rouy

Solanum nigrum var. stenopetalum

authorship: (A.Braun ex Döll) Döll

Solanum nigrum var. uliginosum

authorship: (Blume) Miq.

Solanum parviflorum

authorship: Moretti ex Badarò

Solanum probstianum

authorship: Polg.

Solanum pseudoflavum

authorship: Pojark.

Solanum repens

authorship: Noronha

Solanum stenopetalum

authorship: (A.Braun ex Döll) A.Braun

Solanum suffruticosum

authorship: Schousb. ex Willd.

Solanum villosum

authorship: Opiz ex Dunal

Solanum vulgare

authorship: Kittell

authorship: (L.) Hegetschw.

Solanum vulgatum

authorship: (L.) Spenn.

authorship: Baumg.

codes: ALG AZO CNY CVI CHA DJI EGY ERI ETH LBY MDR MOR SEL SUD TUN WSA AFG CHN CHC CHS CYP EAI GST CHI IRN IRQ JAP KOR KUW LBS CHM NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TAI CHT TCS TKM TUR YEM AND ASS BAN EHM IND LAO MYA NEP NCB PAK SCS THA VIE WHM ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL RUC COR CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1998 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Diosgenin

activities: Antifatigue Antiinflammatory Antistress Estrogenic Hepatoprotective Hypocholesterolemic Mastogenic

Citric-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor Antiaphthic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Anticalculic Anticoagulant Antileishmanic

Solanine

activities: Analgesic Antiasthmatic Antibronchitic Anticholinesterase Antiepileptic Antigiardial Antineuralgic Antiparkinsonian

names: Паслён чёрный

names:
Schwarzer Nachtschatten
Gewöhnlicher Schwarzer Nachtschatten

names:
Zwarte en Beklierde nachtschade
Zwarte nachtschade

partners:
Aldrichia ehrmanii
Anthophora terminalis
Apallates coxendix
Batizonus algidus
Bombus
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius helvus
Calliphora

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Diphaglossa gayi
Pieris rapae
Amegilla fasciata
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus
Bombus impatiens
Cleruchus nikaknet

partners:
Baccha elongata
Dolycoris baccarum
Stictocephala bisonia

partners:
Erithacus rubecula
Fringilla coelebs
Sylvia atricapilla
Turdus iliacus
Turdus merula

partners:
Acanalonia conica
Aphis fabae
Asymmetrasca decedens
Erithacus rubecula
Gnorimoschema epithymella
Hebata decipiens
Perdix perdix
Pria dulcamarae

partners:
Acerophagus gutierreziae
Aenasius arizonensis
Anagyrus diversicornis
Aprostocetus jaipurensis
Chrysocharis pentheus
Cirrospilus brevicorpus
Encarsia davidi
Encarsia inaron

partners:
Obuda pepper virus
Peronospora tabacina
Phytophthora infestans
Potato mop-top virus
Potato virus A
Pseudocercospora atromarginalis
Tomato pseudo-curly top virus
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus


slug: solanum-nitidibaccatum

scientific: Solanum nitidibaccatum

authorship: Bitter

epithet: nitidibaccatum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 208. 1912.

Solanum integrifolium

authorship: Blom

Solanum nigrum var. frutescens

authorship: Macloskie

name: Solanum nitidibaccatum f. nitidibaccatum

name: Solanum nitidibaccatum var. nitidibaccatum

name: Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum

authorship: (Bitter) Edmonds

Solanum stylesanum

authorship: Dunal

codes: AGE AGW AGS BOL CLC CLS PER

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Bolivia

code: BOL

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 849 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Green Nightshade
Hoe Nightshade

names: Паслён блестящеягодный

names:
Morelle à baies luisantes
morelle poilue

names:
lilek leskloplodý
lulok leskloplodý

label: Growth habit

source: GIFT

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

value: therophyte

value: annual

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 208