slug: helanthium-tenellum

scientific: Helanthium tenellum

authorship: (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Britton

epithet: tenellum

published_in: Man. Fl. N. States [Britton], ed. 2. 54 (1905)

preferred: mudbabies

Alisma tenellum

authorship: Mart. ex Schult.f.

Echinodorus parvulus

authorship: Engelm.

Echinodorus subulatus

authorship: (L.) Engelm. ex A.Gray

Echinodorus tenellus

authorship: (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Buchenau

Echinodorus tenellus var. parvulus

authorship: (Engelm.) Fassett

Helanthium parvulum

authorship: Small

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Sagittaria tenella

authorship: (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Kuntze

codes: ALA ARK CNT FLA GEO ILL KAN KTY LOU MAS MXG MXT MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OKL SCA TEX VRG AGE BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA GUY HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PAR VEN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

Brazil North

code: BZN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Brachygastra lecheguana
Melipona asilvai
Melipona quadrifasciata
Mischocyttarus lanei
Plebeia
Polistes canadensis
Polybia ignobilis

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helenium-amarum

scientific: Helenium amarum

authorship: (Raf.) H.Rock

genus: Helenium

epithet: amarum

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Bitterweed

english: Bitterweed yellowdicks sneezeweed

source: inat

Gaillardia amara

authorship: Raf.

Heleniastrum tenuifolium

authorship: (Nutt.) Kuntze

Helenium badium

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Helenium tenuifolium

authorship: Nutt.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALA ARK CAL WDC FLA GEO INI KAN LOU MRY MXE MIC MSI MSO NCA OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG CAY DOM

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Michigan

code: MIC

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

lifeform: annual

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1914 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

species: Helenium bigelovii

slug: helenium-bigelovii

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
yellowdicks
American Sneezeweed

names: falso-girassol heleno

names: Гелениум ароматный

names:
Smal solbrud
sommarsolbrud

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

partners:
Acmaeodera pulchella
Agapostemon splendens
Ammophila procera
Ancyloxypha numitor
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Augochlora pura
Bombus impatiens

partners:
Acmaeodera pulchella
Ammophila procera
Augochlora pura
Ceratina strenua
Elkalyce comyntas
Erynnis horatius
Euptoieta claudia
Eurema lisa

partners:
Ammophila procera
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Calephelis virginiensis
Ceratina strenua
Dialictus
Epeolus lectoides
Euptoieta claudia

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: helenium-arizonicum

scientific: Helenium arizonicum

epithet: arizonicum

published_in: J. Washington Acad. Sci. 27: 388 (1937)

preferred: Arizona sneezeweed

source: wikidata

Arizona

code: ARI

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: annual

value: biennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

published_in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 388

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: helenium-aromaticum

scientific: Helenium aromaticum

authorship: (Hook.) L.H.Bailey

epithet: aromaticum

Cephalophora aromatica

authorship: Schrad.

Cephalophora collina

authorship: Phil.

Cephalophora tenera

authorship: Cass.

Gaillardia aromatica

authorship: Baill.

Graemia aromatica

authorship: Hook.

Grahamia aromatica

authorship: Spreng.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

label: Life form

value: therophyte

authors: (Hook.) L.H.Bailey

published_in: Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1443

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helenium-atacamense

scientific: Helenium atacamense

authorship: Cabrera

epithet: atacamense

published_in: Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 9, Bot. 46: 254 (1944)

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

authors: Cabrera

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helenium-autumnale

scientific: Helenium autumnale

authorship: L.

epithet: autumnale

preferred: common sneezeweed

english:
common sneezeweed
Autumn Sneezeweed
Common Sneezeweed
bitterweed
fall sneezeweed
false sunflower
sneezeweed

Heleniastrum montanum

authorship: Nieuwl. & Lunell

Helenium autumnale var. canaliculatum

authorship: (Lam.) Torr. & A.Gray

Helenium autumnale var. grandiflorum

authorship: (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray

Helenium autumnale var. montanum

authorship: (Nutt.) Fernald

Helenium canaliculatum

authorship: Lam.

Helenium latifolium

authorship: Mill.

Helenium macranthum

authorship: Rydb.

Helenium pubescens

authorship: Aiton

authorship: Dryand.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALA ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA NWT OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN QUE SAS SCA TEN TEX UTA VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Гелениум осенний

partners:
Andrena andrenoides
Andrena miserabilis
Anoplius illinoensis
Anoplius virginiensis
Anoplodera pubera
Apoidea
Ashmeadiella bucconis
Atrichopogon websteri

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus rufocinctus
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus ternarius
Prionyx atratus
Bembix americana spinolae

partners:
Anolis carolinensis
Anthonomus rubi
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Bembix americana
Bombus
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Achyra rantalis
Andrena helianthi
Aphis vernoniae
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Atteva punctella
Bembix americana
Bicyrtes ventralis


scientific: Helenium bigelovii

epithet: bigelovii

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. : 107 (1857)

preferred: Bigelow's sneezeweed

Heleniastrum bigelowii

authorship: Kuntze

Heleniastrum occidentale

authorship: Greene

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1360 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Helenium amarum

names: 比奇洛堆心菊 比格罗堆心菊

partners:
Mitoura gryneus
Phyciodes tharos
Vanessa virginiensis
Argynnis mormonia
Bombus bifarius
Bombus occidentalis
Speyeria mormonia

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Mitoura gryneus
Phyciodes tharos

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Icaricia acmon
Nathalis iole
Neopsittaconirmus difficilis
Tharsalea nivalis
Vanessa virginiensis

value: perennial

authors: A.Gray in Torr.

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 4): 107


slug: helenium-bolanderi

scientific: Helenium bolanderi

epithet: bolanderi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vii. (1868) 358.

preferred: coastal sneezeweed

Helenium bigelovii var. festivum

authorship: Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 358


slug: helenium-brevifolium

scientific: Helenium brevifolium

authorship: (Nutt.) Alph.Wood

epithet: brevifolium

preferred: shortleaf sneezeweed

Leptopoda brevifolia

authorship: Nutt.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Nutt.) Alph.Wood

published_in: Amer. Bot. Fl. 182


slug: helenium-campestre

scientific: Helenium campestre

authorship: Small

epithet: campestre

preferred: oldfield sneezeweed

Arkansas

code: ARK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera

authors: Small


slug: helenium-drummondii

scientific: Helenium drummondii

epithet: drummondii

preferred: fringed sneezeweed

Leptopoda fimbriata

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

codes: ARK LOU TEX

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Rhodora 59: 173

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helenium-elegans

scientific: Helenium elegans

authorship: DC.

epithet: elegans

preferred: pretty sneezeweed

codes: ARK OKL TEX

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens

authors: DC.


slug: helenium-flexuosum

scientific: Helenium flexuosum

authorship: Raf.

epithet: flexuosum

published_in: New Fl. iv. 81 (Quid ?).

preferred: purplehead sneezeweed

Heleniastrum nudiflorum

authorship: (Nutt.) Kuntze

Helenium floridanum

authorship: Fernald

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWJ NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

New Jersey

code: NWJ

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

region: Eastern Canada

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
purplehead sneezeweed
naked-flowered sneezeweed

partners:
Atalopedes huron
Atrytone delaware
Batyle suturalis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Chauliognathus pensylvanicus
Danaus plexippus
Galgula partita

partners:
Halictus ligatus
Melissodes wheeleri
Toxomerus marginatus


slug: helenium-mexicanum

scientific: Helenium mexicanum

authorship: Kunth

epithet: mexicanum

Heleniastrum mexicanum

authorship: (Kunth) Kuntze

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

lifeform: annual or biennial

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hélénie du Mexique
Hélénium

authors: Kunth

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helenium-microcephalum

scientific: Helenium microcephalum

epithet: microcephalum

preferred: Small-Head Sneezeweed

english:
Small-Head Sneezeweed
littlehead tarweed
smallhead sneezeweed

codes: ARI MXE NWM OKL TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 322 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
littlehead tarweed
Small-Head Sneezeweed


slug: helenium-pinnatifidum

scientific: Helenium pinnatifidum

authorship: (Schwein. ex Nutt.) Rydb.

epithet: pinnatifidum

preferred: southeastern sneezeweed

Leptopoda pinnatifida

authorship: Schwein. ex Nutt.

codes: FLA GEO NCA SCA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 848 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ceratina floridana
Halictus poeyi
Monobia quadridens
Phyciodes phaon
Xylocopa micans

partners:
Aptenopedes clara
Halictus poeyi
Sparganothis sulfureana

authors: Rydb.


slug: helenium-puberulum

scientific: Helenium puberulum

epithet: puberulum

preferred: Rosilla

english: Rosilla rosilla

Cephalophora decurrens

authorship: Less.

Heleniastrum puberulum

authorship: (DC.) Kuntze

Helenium decurrens

authorship: Vatke

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1897 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: rosilla sneezewort

partners:
Apoidea
Ashmeadiella californica
Ceratina acantha
Ceratina nanula
Coleoptera
Diptera
Lepidoptera
Megachile fidelis

partners:
Eresia aveyrona mylitta
Halictus ligatus
Megachile perihirta

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m


slug: helenium-thurberi

scientific: Helenium thurberi

epithet: thurberi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xix. (1883) 32.

preferred: Thurber's sneezeweed

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthophora curta
Ashmeadiella cactorum
Ashmeadiella occipitalis
Calliopsis rozeni
Colletes perileucus
Halictus ligatus
Melissodes limbus
Melissodes paroselae

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 32

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helenium-vernale

scientific: Helenium vernale

authorship: Walter

epithet: vernale

preferred: savannah sneezeweed

Helenium decurrens

authorship: Moldenke

Leptopoda puberula

authorship: Macbr.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 147 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
savannah sneezeweed
savanna sneezeweed

partners:
Eresia aveyrona mylitta
Euodynerus annulatus
Halictus tripartitus
Icaricia acmon
Lon melane
Megachile fidelis
Megachile perihirta
Pieris rapae

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 210


slug: helia-alata

scientific: Helia alata

authorship: (Aubl.) Kuntze

genus: Helia

epithet: alata

family: Gentianaceae

Chelonanthus alatus

authorship: (Aubl.) Pulle

Helia campanulacea

authorship: (Desr.) Kuntze

Irlbachia alata

authorship: (Aubl.) Maas

Lisianthius alatus

authorship: Aubl.

Lisianthius campanulaceus

authorship: Desr.

codes: ECU FRG GUY NIC PAN SUR TRT VEN

Ecuador

code: ECU

region: Western South America

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Glossophaga soricina
Phaethornis ruber

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428


slug: helia-grandiflora

scientific: Helia grandiflora

epithet: grandiflora

Chelonanthus chelonoides

authorship: (L.f.) Gilg

Chelonanthus fistulosus

authorship: (Poir.) Gilg

Chelonanthus grandiflorus

authorship: (Aubl.) Hassl.

Chelonanthus leucanthus

authorship: Gilg

Chelonanthus schomburgkii

authorship: (Griseb.) Gilg

Chelonanthus whitei

authorship: Rusby

Helia chelonoides

authorship: (L.f.) Kuntze

Helia crassicaulis

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze

Helia fistulosa

authorship: (Poir.) Kuntze

Helia oerstedii

authorship: (Griseb.) Kuntze

Helia tetragona

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

Lisianthius alatus

authorship: Willd. ex Griseb.

Lisianthius crassicaulis

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Lisianthius fistulosus

authorship: Poir.

Lisianthius oerstedii

authorship: Griseb.

Lisianthius tetragonus

authorship: Benth.

codes: BZN BZE BZL FRG GUY SUR VEN WIN

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: heliamphora-nutans

scientific: Heliamphora nutans

genus: Heliamphora

epithet: nutans

family: Sarraceniaceae

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. London  1: 53 (1840)

Sarracenia nutans

authorship: (Benth.) D.Dietr.

codes: BZN GUY VEN

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 卷瓶子草 垂花太阳瓶子草

names: Гелиамфора поникающая

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

authors: Benth.

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 53; et Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii (1840) 432, t. 29

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthella-californica

scientific: Helianthella californica

genus: Helianthella

epithet: californica

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. iv. 103

preferred: California helianthella

name: Helianthella californica var. californica

name: Helianthella californica var. nevadensis

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

name: Helianthella californica var. shastensis

Helianthella nevadensis

authorship: Greene

codes: CAL NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 426 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
California helianthella
California Dwarf Sunflower

partners:
Chlosyne hoffmanni
Bombus vosnesenskii

partners:
Acmaeodera hepburnii
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Chlosyne palla
Erynnis propertius
Occidryas chalcedona

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 4): 103


slug: helianthella-castanea

scientific: Helianthella castanea

epithet: castanea

preferred: Mt. Diablo helianthella

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 480 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mt. Diablo helianthella
Diablo Rock-rose

partners:
Acmaeodera retifera
Battus philenor hirsuta

authors: Greene

published_in: Erythea 1: 127


slug: helianthella-gypsophila

scientific: Helianthella gypsophila

epithet: gypsophila

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 22: 554


slug: helianthella-mexicana

scientific: Helianthella mexicana

epithet: mexicana

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 37. 1880

codes: MXE MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 37


slug: helianthella-microcephala

scientific: Helianthella microcephala

epithet: microcephala

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xix. (1884) 10.

preferred: purpledisk helianthella

codes: ARI COL NWM UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

Utah

code: UTA

names:
purpledisk helianthella
Purpledisk Dwarf Sunflower

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 10


slug: helianthella-quinquenervis

scientific: Helianthella quinquenervis

authorship: (Hook.) A.Gray

epithet: quinquenervis

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 10 (1883)

preferred: Aspen Sunflower

english:
Aspen Sunflower
Five Nerve Helianthella
fivenerve helianthella

name: Helianthella quinquenervis var. quinquenervis

Helianthus quinquenervis

authorship: Hook.

codes: ARI COL IDA MXE MXN MNT NEV NWM ORE SDA WYO

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Montana

code: MNT

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 600 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Aspen Sunflower
Five Nerve Helianthella

names: Гелиантелла пятижилковая

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus appositus
Bombus californicus
Bombus sylvicola
Chrysotoxum derivatum
Megachile relativa
Sericomyia flagrans

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus
Bombus nevadensis
Bombus sylvicola
Icaricia icarioides
Osmia montana
Sericomyia flagrans

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (Hook.) A.Gray

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xix. 10


slug: helianthella-uniflora

scientific: Helianthella uniflora

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: uniflora

preferred: Rocky Mountain helianthella

english:
Rocky Mountain helianthella
oneflower helianthella

Helianthella uniflora var. douglasii

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) W.A.Weber

Helianthus uniflorus

authorship: Nutt.

codes: ARI BRC COL IDA MNT NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

British Columbia

code: BRC

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 450 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
oneflower helianthella
Rocky Mountain helianthella

partners:
Cynthia cardui
Agapostemon texanus
Andrena
Andrena pallidifovea
Andrena subtilis
Andrena wilkella
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: forb/herb

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: Oneflower helianthella is a perennial forb

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

label: Growth rate

value: rapid

quote: The stems are 60 to 100 cm (2 to 3 ft) tall

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: green

quote: grazed primarily in summer when the vegetative tissues are soft


slug: helianthemum-aegyptiacum

scientific: Helianthemum aegyptiacum

authorship: (L.) Mill.

genus: Helianthemum

epithet: aegyptiacum

family: Cistaceae

Cistus aegyptiacus

authorship: L.

Helianthemum clandestinum

authorship: Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange

Helianthemum inflatum

authorship: Moench

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL SAU SIN TUR BUL COR GRC ITA KRI SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Sinai

code: SIN

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 185 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthemum-apenninum

scientific: Helianthemum apenninum

epithet: apenninum

Cistus barbatus

authorship: Lam.

Cistus galactites

authorship: Schmidel

Cistus humilis

authorship: Salisb.

Cistus linearis

authorship: Cav.

Cistus lusitanicus

authorship: Mill.

Cistus luteus

authorship: Gilib.

Cistus piliferus

authorship: J.F.Gmel. ex Willk. & Lange

Cistus stoechadifolius

authorship: Brot.

Fumana polifolia

authorship: (L.) Raf.

name: Helianthemum apenninum f. stoechadifolium

authorship: (Brot.) C.Vicioso

Helianthemum apenninum subsp. lazarei

authorship: Raynaud

name: Helianthemum apenninum subsp. rothmaleri

authorship: (Villar) M.Mayor & Fern.Benito

name: Helianthemum apenninum var. angustifolium

Helianthemum apenninum var. argentatum

authorship: Pau

name: Helianthemum apenninum var. oblongifolium

Helianthemum apenninum var. polifolium

authorship: (L.) Samp.

name: Helianthemum apenninum var. pulverulentum

authorship: Fiori

Helianthemum barbatum

authorship: (Lam.) Sweet

Helianthemum calcareum

authorship: Jord.

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. barbatum

authorship: (Lam.) Grosser

Helianthemum confusum

authorship: Sweet

Helianthemum croceum f. erectum

authorship: (Willk.) Guinea & Heywood

Helianthemum croceum f. nudicaule

authorship: (Dunal) Guinea & Heywood

name: Helianthemum croceum subsp. cavanillesianum

Helianthemum croceum subsp. estevei

authorship: Peinado & Mart.Parras

Helianthemum croceum subsp. rothmaleri

authorship: (Villar) M.Laínz

name: Helianthemum croceum subsp. stoechadifolium

authorship: (Brot.) M.B.Crespo & Fabregat

name: Helianthemum croceum var. stoechadifolium

authorship: (Brot.) Emb. & Maire

Helianthemum estevei

authorship: (Peinado & Mart.Parras) Rivas Mart. & al.

Helianthemum farinulentum

authorship: Lacaita

Helianthemum glaucum f. lanceolatum

authorship: Grosser

Helianthemum glaucum f. stoechadifolium

authorship: (Brot.) Grosser

Helianthemum glaucum var. acutiusculum

authorship: Dunal

Helianthemum glaucum var. album

authorship: Willk.

name: Helianthemum glaucum var. brevepedunculatum

name: Helianthemum glaucum var. longepedicellatum

name: Helianthemum glaucum var. longepedunculatum

Helianthemum glaucum var. nudicaule

authorship: (Dunal) Nyman

name: Helianthemum glaucum var. stoechadifolium

authorship: (Brot.) Ball

Helianthemum golondrinum

authorship: Cuatrec.

Helianthemum hispidum

authorship: Ten.

name: Helianthemum lavandulifolium f. stoechadifolium

name: Helianthemum lavandulifolium var. stoechadifolium

name: Helianthemum leptophyllum var. albiflorum

name: Helianthemum leptophyllum var. longifolium

authorship: Freyn ex Willk.

name: Helianthemum nummularium subsp. barbatum

authorship: (Lam.) Samp.

name: Helianthemum nummularium subsp. cantabricum

authorship: (M.Laínz) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio

Helianthemum pilosum subsp. lineare

authorship: (Cav.) Nyman

Helianthemum pilosum var. lineare

authorship: (Cav.) Loisel.

name: Helianthemum polifolium subsp. apenninum

authorship: (L.) Corb.

Helianthemum polifolium var. apenninum

authorship: (L.) Nyman

Helianthemum polifolium var. calcareum

authorship: (Jord.) Foucaud & Rouy

Helianthemum polifolium var. latifolium

authorship: Foucaud & Rouy

Helianthemum polifolium var. lineare

authorship: (Cav.) Dunal

name: Helianthemum polifolium var. oblongifolium

name: Helianthemum polifolium var. rupiniculum

authorship: Porta

Helianthemum polifolium var. virescens

authorship: (Willk.) Pau

name: Helianthemum pulverulentum var. argentatum

authorship: (Pau) Laza

name: Helianthemum pulverulentum var. crassifolium

authorship: Vayr.

name: Helianthemum pulverulentum var. glabrescens

authorship: Amo

name: Helianthemum pulverulentum var. pseudovelutinum

authorship: Costa

name: Helianthemum pulverulentum var. velutinum

authorship: (Jord.) Willk.

name: Helianthemum pulverulentum var. virescens

Helianthemum rhodanthum var. carneum

authorship: Lag. ex Dunal

name: Helianthemum rhodanthum var. oblongifolium

name: Helianthemum rhodanthum var. subhirsutum

Helianthemum rothmaleri

authorship: Villar

Helianthemum stoechadifolium

authorship: (Brot.) Pers.

name: Helianthemum sulphureum var. masguindalii

authorship: (Pau) M.B.Crespo & Mateo

Helianthemum variabile

authorship: Spach

Helianthemum variabile var. apenninum

authorship: (L.) Steud.

Helianthemum variabile var. polifolium

authorship: (L.) Spach

Helianthemum violaceum var. lineare

authorship: (Cav.) Samp.

Helianthemum virgatum f. bicolor

authorship: Maire & Weiller

codes: EAI ALB BAL BGM FRA GER GRB GRC ITA KRI POR SPA SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1988 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Солнцецвет аппенинский

names:
Heliantheme des Apennins
Hélianthème des Apennins

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Andrena fabrella
Andrena gravida
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena simontornyella
Andrena vulpecula
Andrena wilkella
Anthophora plumipes

partners:
Lasioglossum morio
Charopus
Lasioglossum xanthopus
Micropterix calthella
Oedemera podagrariae
Sphaerophoria
Tropinota squalida

partners:
Acanthogethes fuscus
Actenia orbicentralis
Adscita geryon
Agrilus elegans
Altica helianthemi
Alydus calcaratus
Amblytylus nasutus
Aphis helianthemi helianthemi


slug: helianthemum-canariense

scientific: Helianthemum canariense

authorship: (Jacq.) Pers.

epithet: canariense

Cistus canariensis

authorship: Jacq.

Fumana canariensis

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

name: Helianthemum canariense var. subglabratum

Helianthemum canescens

authorship: Moench

Helianthemum glaucum

authorship: Sweet

Helianthemum mucronatum

authorship: Dunal

codes: CNY MOR WSA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Western Sahara

code: WSA

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 290 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Солнцецвет канарский

partners:
Gonia atra
Helicoverpa armigera

value: shrub

value: subshrub

value: woody

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: yellow

label: Flowering months

value: Dec-Apr

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Jacq.) Pers.

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(1): 78

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthemum-canum

scientific: Helianthemum canum

authorship: (L.) Hornem.

epithet: canum

Cistus canus

authorship: L.

Cistus marifolius var. vinealis

authorship: (Willd.) Steud.

Cistus vinealis

authorship: Willd.

Helianthemum alpestre var. melanothrix

authorship: Beck

Helianthemum canum f. cantabricum

authorship: Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum canum f. glandulosum

authorship: (Willk.) Grosser

Helianthemum canum subsp. balcanicum

authorship: (Janch.) Blečić

Helianthemum canum subsp. cantabricum

authorship: (Font Quer & Rothm.) Rivas Mart.

Helianthemum canum subsp. incanum

authorship: (Willk.) Rivas Goday & Borsa

authorship: (Willk.) Rivas Mart.

Helianthemum canum var. acutifolium

authorship: (Vis.) Rivas Goday & Borja

Helianthemum canum var. balcanicum

authorship: Janch.

Helianthemum canum var. candidissimum

authorship: Ten. ex Porta

Helianthemum canum var. microphyllum

authorship: (Willk.) Willk. ex Guinea

Helianthemum canum var. vineale

authorship: Syme

Helianthemum creticola

authorship: Klokov & Dobrocz.

Helianthemum georgicum

authorship: Juz. & Pozdeeva

Helianthemum italicum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

authorship: Ten.

Helianthemum italicum var. obovatum

authorship: (Dunal) Nyman

Helianthemum marifolium f. strigosum

authorship: Grosser

Helianthemum marifolium f. vineale

authorship: (Willd.) Grosser

Helianthemum marifolium var. canum

authorship: (L.) Pers.

name: Helianthemum marifolium var. oblongifolium

authorship: DC.

name: Helianthemum marifolium var. oblonguifolium

Helianthemum melanothrix

authorship: (Beck) Dalla Torre

Helianthemum montanum

authorship: Vis.

Helianthemum montanum f. glandulosum

authorship: (Willk.) Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum montanum subsp. incanum

authorship: Willk.

Helianthemum montanum subsp. vineale

authorship: (Willd.) Rouy & Foucaud

Helianthemum montanum var. canum

authorship: (L.) Rouy & Foucaud

Helianthemum montanum var. incanum

authorship: (Willk.) Willk.

Helianthemum montanum var. obovatum

authorship: (Dunal) Foucaud & Rouy

Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. canum

authorship: (L.) Bonnier & Layens

authorship: (L.) Bonnier

Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. incanum

authorship: (Willk.) G.López

name: Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. levigatum

authorship: (M.Proctor) D.H.Kent

Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. vineale

authorship: (Willd.) Čelak.

Helianthemum oelandicum var. canum

authorship: (L.) Neilr.

authorship: Rouy & Foucaud

name: Helianthemum oelandicum var. penicillatum

authorship: Boiss.

Helianthemum vineale

authorship: (Willd.) Pers.

Helianthemum vineale var. canum

authorship: (L.) Nyman

Rhodax canus

authorship: (L.) Fuss

Rhodax montanus

authorship: (Vis.) Spach

Rhodax vinealis

authorship: (Willd.) Fuss

codes: MOR NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG POL ROM SIC SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 434 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Graues Sonnenröschen
Graufilziges Sonnenröschen

names:
Hélianthème blanc
Hélianthème blanchi, Hélianthème blanc

partners:
Andrena vulpecula
Bombus terrestris
Chrysoperla carnea
Episyrphus balteatus
Halictus subauratus
Hoplitis robusta
Lasioglossum albocinctum
Lasioglossum euboeense

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acanthogethes fuscus
Actenia orbicentralis
Adscita geryon
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Altica helianthemi
Alydus calcaratus


slug: helianthemum-caput-felis

scientific: Helianthemum caput-felis

epithet: caput-felis

name: Helianthemum caput-felis var. alboranensis

authorship: Raynaud

codes: ALG MOR BAL SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Baleares

code: BAL

names:
jarilla cabeza de gato
jarilla de cabeza de gato

names:
esteperola cap de gat
romer moix

label: Growth habit

value: chamaephyte

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Elench. Pl. Nov. 16

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: helianthemum-croceum

scientific: Helianthemum croceum

authorship: (Desf.) Pers.

epithet: croceum

Anthelis glaucus

authorship: (Pers.) Raf.

Cistus croceus

authorship: Desf.

Cistus glaucus

authorship: Cav.

Cistus scorpioides

authorship: Desf. ex Steud.

Helianthemum apenninum subsp. croceum

authorship: (Desf.) G.López

name: Helianthemum apenninum subsp. suffruticosum

authorship: (Boiss.) G.López

Helianthemum apenninum var. croceum

authorship: (Desf.) Pau

Helianthemum apenninum var. gossypinum

authorship: Pau

Helianthemum clausonis

authorship: Pomel

name: Helianthemum croceum subsp. suffruticosum

authorship: (Boiss.) Raynaud

Helianthemum croceum var. albiflorum

authorship: (Boiss.) Emb. & Maire

name: Helianthemum croceum var. antiatlanticum

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Maire

Helianthemum croceum var. clausonis

authorship: (Pomel) Emb. & Maire

Helianthemum croceum var. flavum

authorship: (Willk.) Emb. & Maire

Helianthemum croceum var. stenophyllum

authorship: (Maire) Emb. & Maire

Helianthemum croceum var. suffruticosum

authorship: (Boiss.) Sauvage

name: Helianthemum estevei subsp. suffruticosum

authorship: (Boiss.) Rivas Mart.

Helianthemum glaucum

authorship: Pers.

Helianthemum glaucum subsp. croceum

authorship: (Desf.) Nyman

Helianthemum glaucum subsp. sitifense

authorship: (Batt.) Maire

name: Helianthemum glaucum subsp. suffruticosum

authorship: (Boiss.) Borja

Helianthemum glaucum var. album

authorship: Willk.

name: Helianthemum glaucum var. antiatlanticum

authorship: Emb. & Maire

Helianthemum glaucum var. clausonis

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

Helianthemum glaucum var. croceum

authorship: (Desf.) Boiss.

Helianthemum glaucum var. dubuisianum

authorship: Maire

Helianthemum perplexans

authorship: Maire & Wilczek

Helianthemum sitifense

authorship: Batt.

Helianthemum stabianum

authorship: Ten.

Helianthemum stellatum

authorship: Guss.

Helianthemum variabile var. hololeucum

authorship: Spach

Helianthemum vulgare subsp. glaucum

authorship: (Pers.) Batt.

Helianthemum vulgare subsp. sitifense

authorship: (Batt.) Batt.

codes: ALG MOR TUN FRA ITA POR SAR SIC SPA

Tunisia

code: TUN

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

names: 橙黄半日花 黄半日花

partners:
Anthrenus
Mordellistena
Stenotrachelus aeneus

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: helianthemum-fontanesii

scientific: Helianthemum fontanesii

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

epithet: fontanesii

published_in: Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. : 15 (1852)

Cistus helianthemoides

authorship: Desf.

Helianthemum apenninum var. baeticum

authorship: Pau

Helianthemum fontanesii var. yvesii

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Helianthemum helianthemoides

authorship: Grosser

name: Helianthemum helianthemoides var. fontanesii

authorship: (Boiss. & Reut.) Emb. & Maire

name: Helianthemum helianthemoides var. yvesii

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio ex Maire

Helianthemum vulgare var. fontanesii

authorship: (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN

Libya

code: LBY

authors: Boiss. & Reut.

published_in: Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 15

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: helianthemum-gorgoneum

scientific: Helianthemum gorgoneum

authorship: Webb

epithet: gorgoneum

Cape Verde

code: CVI

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

authors: Webb

published_in: Niger Fl. [W. J. Hooker]. 102

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthemum-hirtum

scientific: Helianthemum hirtum

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: hirtum

Cistus hirtus

authorship: L.

Cistus hispidus

authorship: Lam.

Cistus majoranifolius

authorship: Gouan

Cistus teretifolius

authorship: Poir.

Helianthemum affine

authorship: Foucaud & Rouy

Helianthemum aureum

authorship: Thibaud ex Pers.

Helianthemum baeticum

authorship: Dunal

Helianthemum fontqueri

authorship: Sennen

Helianthemum hirtum prol. affine

authorship: Rouy & Foucaud

Helianthemum hirtum var. affine

authorship: (Foucaud & Rouy) P.Fourn.

Helianthemum hirtum var. aragonense

authorship: Pau ex Guinea

Helianthemum hirtum var. aureum

authorship: (Thibaud ex Pers.) Dunal

Helianthemum hirtum var. bethuricum

authorship: Rivas Goday

Helianthemum hirtum var. erectum

authorship: Willk.

Helianthemum hirtum var. fontqueri

authorship: (Sennen) Losa & Rivas Goday

Helianthemum hirtum var. lagascae

authorship: (Dunal) Nyman

Helianthemum hirtum var. majoranifolium

authorship: (Gouan) Nyman

Helianthemum majoranifolium

authorship: (Gouan) DC.

Helianthemum teretifolium

authorship: (Thibaud ex Pers.) Willk.

Helianthemum variabile var. hirtum

authorship: (L.) Spach

Helianthemum vulgare var. hirtum

authorship: (L.) Cutanda

codes: COR FRA POR SPA

Corse

code: COR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 379 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Солнцецвет волосистый

label: Woodiness

label: Life cycle

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 14

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: helianthemum-ledifolium

scientific: Helianthemum ledifolium

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: ledifolium

Cistus imbricatus

authorship: Poir.

Cistus ledifolius

authorship: L.

Helianthemum aegyptiacum

authorship: Friv. ex Willk.

Helianthemum apertum

authorship: Pomel

Helianthemum apertum var. longisepalum

authorship: Maire

Helianthemum campylopus

authorship: Sam. ex Rech.f.

Helianthemum lasiocarpum

authorship: Desf. ex Jacques & Hérincq

authorship: Desf. ex Spach

name: Helianthemum lasiocarpum var. leiocarpum

authorship: Pau

Helianthemum ledifolium

authorship: Spach

name: Helianthemum ledifolium f. dissitiflorum

Helianthemum ledifolium f. laxiflorum

authorship: Engl.

name: Helianthemum ledifolium var. angustifolium

name: Helianthemum ledifolium var. glaberrimum

authorship: Bornm.

name: Helianthemum ledifolium var. lasiocarpum

authorship: (Desf. ex Jacques & Hérincq) Bornm.

name: Helianthemum ledifolium var. macrocarpum

name: Helianthemum ledifolium var. microcarpum

name: Helianthemum ledifolium var. micropetalum

authorship: Coss. ex Willk.

Helianthemum ledifolium var. niloticum

authorship: (L.) Pau

Helianthemum ledifolium var. pumilum

authorship: (Ball) Jahand. & Maire

Helianthemum microcarpum

authorship: (Willk.) Coss. ex Boiss.

Helianthemum niloticum

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Helianthemum niloticum f. macropetalum

authorship: Ball

Helianthemum niloticum var. lasiocarpum

authorship: (Desf. ex Jacques & Hérincq) Boiss.

Helianthemum niloticum var. microcarpum

authorship: (Willk.) Ball

Helianthemum pilosum

authorship: Mill.

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ KUW LBS NCS PAL SAU SIN TCS TKM TUR BUL FRA GRC ITA YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kuwait

code: KUW

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthemum-marifolium

scientific: Helianthemum marifolium

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: marifolium

Cistus marifolius

authorship: L.

Helianthemum alpestre

authorship: Bubani

Helianthemum canum f. tomentosum

authorship: Grosser

Helianthemum canum var. marifolium

authorship: (L.) Grosser

Helianthemum dichroum

authorship: Kunze

Helianthemum marifolium f. argyreum

authorship: (Font Quer & Rothm.) Guinea & Heywood

Helianthemum marifolium f. fontii

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Helianthemum marifolium subsp. cinerascens

authorship: (Willk.) Malag.

Helianthemum marifolium subsp. dichroum

authorship: (Kunze) O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Helianthemum marifolium subsp. tomentosum

authorship: Malag.

Helianthemum marifolium var. alpinum

authorship: Willk.

name: Helianthemum marifolium var. cinerascens

name: Helianthemum marifolium var. glandulosum

name: Helianthemum marifolium var. lancifolium

authorship: Sennen

Helianthemum myrtifolium f. argyreum

authorship: Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum myrtifolium f. dichroum

authorship: (Kunze) Font Quer & Rothm.

name: Helianthemum myrtifolium subsp. marifolium

authorship: (L.) Rivas Goday & Borja

name: Helianthemum myrtifolium var. cinerascens

authorship: (Willk.) Font Quer & Rothm.

name: Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. marifolium

authorship: (L.) Bonnier & Layens

name: Helianthemum origanifolium f. andalusicum

name: Helianthemum origanifolium subsp. andalusicum

authorship: (Font Quer & Rothm.) Rivas Mart.

name: Helianthemum origanifolium var. andalusicum

name: Helianthemum origanifolium var. genuinum

name: Helianthemum origanifolium var. marifolium

authorship: (L.) Nyman

Helianthemum sericeum

authorship: Dufour

Helianthemum vineale var. dichroum

authorship: (Kunze) Nyman

Rhodax dichrous

authorship: (Kunze) Holub

Rhodax marifolius

authorship: (L.) Fuss

codes: FRA POR SPA

France

code: FRA

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 302 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Herba setge
tuferola

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Besser

published_in: Enum. Pl. Volh. 22

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: helianthemum-nummularium

scientific: Helianthemum nummularium

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: nummularium

preferred: Common Rock-rose

english:
Common Rock-rose
common rock-rose
rosemary frostweed

Cistus grandiflorus

authorship: Scop.

Cistus helianthemoides

authorship: Crantz

Cistus helianthemum

authorship: L.

Cistus helianthemum var. nummularius

authorship: (L.) Steud.

Cistus hirsutus

authorship: Thuill.

Cistus mutabilis

authorship: Jacq.

Cistus ovatus

authorship: Viv.

Cistus roseus

authorship: All.

Halimium lepidotum prol. multiflorum

authorship: (Ziz) Samp.

Helianthemum angustifolium

authorship: Pers.

Helianthemum angustipetalum

authorship: Cadevall

name: Helianthemum angustipetalum var. hirsutum

authorship: Rouy ex Cadevall

Helianthemum apenninum f. roseum

authorship: (Jacq.) Grosser

Helianthemum apenninum f. versicolor

authorship: (Sweet) Grosser

name: Helianthemum apenninum subsp. urrielense

authorship: (M.Laínz) G.López

Helianthemum apenninum var. caraltii

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

Helianthemum apenninum var. roseum

authorship: (Jacq.) C.K.Schneid.

name: Helianthemum apenninum var. viridifolium

authorship: Pau

Helianthemum arcticum

authorship: (Grosser) Janch.

Helianthemum berteroanum

authorship: Bertol.

Helianthemum chamaecistus

authorship: Mill.

Helianthemum chamaecistus f. scopolii

authorship: (Willk.) Murb.

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. grandiflorum

authorship: (Scop.) Chenevard

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. hirsutum

authorship: (Mérat) Vollm.

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. nummularium

authorship: (L.) Grosser

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. obscurum

authorship: (Pers.) Čelak.

Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. ovatum

authorship: (Viv.) Jaquet

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. tomentosum

authorship: (Scop.) Čelak.

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. vulgare

authorship: Cout.

Helianthemum chamaecistus var. arcticum

authorship: Grosser

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus var. berteroanum

authorship: (Bertol.) Breistr.

authorship: (Bertol.) Fiori

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus var. grandiflorum

authorship: (Scop.) Fiek

Helianthemum chamaecistus var. hirsutum

authorship: (Mérat) Grosser

Helianthemum chamaecistus var. roseum

authorship: (Willk.) Grosser

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus var. serpillifolium

authorship: (L.) Bolzon

name: Helianthemum chamaecistus var. stramineum

name: Helianthemum controversum var. grandiflorum

authorship: (Scop.) F.W.Schultz

Helianthemum croceum

authorship: Ten.

Helianthemum croceum subsp. urrielense

authorship: (M.Laínz) M.Laínz

Helianthemum diversifolium

authorship: Sweet

name: Helianthemum diversifolium var. multiplex

Helianthemum glabrum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) A.Kern.

Helianthemum graecum

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Helianthemum grandiflorum

authorship: (Scop.) DC.

Helianthemum grandiflorum f. cupreum

authorship: (Sweet) Rehder

name: Helianthemum grandiflorum subsp. glabrum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Raynaud

name: Helianthemum grandiflorum subsp. obscurum

authorship: (Pers.) Holub

name: Helianthemum grandiflorum subsp. urrielense

authorship: (M.Laínz) Rivas Mart., Izco & M.J.Costa

name: Helianthemum grandiflorum var. angustifolium

authorship: Gaudin

Helianthemum grandiflorum var. glabrum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Rehder

Helianthemum grandiflorum var. obscurum

authorship: (Pers.) Gaudin

name: Helianthemum grandiflorum var. semiglabrum

authorship: (Badarò) Raynaud

Helianthemum hercegovinum

authorship: Beck

Helianthemum heterophyllum

authorship: Schur

Helianthemum hirsutum

authorship: Mérat

Helianthemum hirsutum var. grandiflorum

authorship: (Scop.) Oborny

name: Helianthemum hyssopifolium var. multiplex

Helianthemum incanum

authorship: Moench

Helianthemum kerneri

authorship: Gottl.-Tann. & Janch.

Helianthemum krockeri

authorship: Steud.

Helianthemum lucidum

authorship: Hornem.

Helianthemum multiflorum

authorship: Ziz

Helianthemum mutabile

authorship: (Jacq.) Moench

Helianthemum mutabile var. multiplex

authorship: (Sweet) K.Koch

Helianthemum nitidum

authorship: Clementi

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. cantabricum

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. diversifolium

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. grandiflorum

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. macranthum

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. oblongifolium

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. ovalifolium

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. pyrenaicum

name: Helianthemum nummularium var. stramineum

name: Helianthemum obscurum var. serpyllifolium

name: Helianthemum polifolium subsp. pulverulentum

name: Helianthemum polifolium var. pulverulentum

name: Helianthemum variabile subsp. planifolium

name: Helianthemum vulgare subsp. chamaecistus

name: Helianthemum vulgare subsp. fontis-romaei

name: Helianthemum vulgare subsp. grandiflorum

name: Helianthemum vulgare subsp. serpillifolium

name: Helianthemum vulgare subvar. roseiflorum

name: Helianthemum vulgare var. serpyllifolium

codes: EAI IRN LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gelbes Sonnenröschen
Gewöhnliches Sonnenröschen

names:
hélianthème jaune
Heliantheme nummulaire

names:
Geel zonneroosje
Geel zonneroosje subsp. nummularium

names: Сонцецвіт звичайний

partners:
Andrena nigroaenea
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Chrysotoxum festivum

partners:
Eristalis tenax
Andrena nigroaenea
Anthophora aestivalis
Anthophora furcata
Apis mellifera
Aricia agestis
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum

partners:
Batracomorphus irroratus
Acanthis flammea
Acanthogethes fuscus
Acleris aspersana
Actenia orbicentralis
Adscita geryon
Adscita mannii
Aeolothrips intermedius


slug: helianthemum-oelandicum

scientific: Helianthemum oelandicum

authorship: (L.) Dum.Cours.

epithet: oelandicum

Cistus alpestris

authorship: Jacq.

Cistus canus var. seguieri

authorship: L.

Cistus oelandicus var. canescens

authorship: Hartm.

Cistus piloselloides

authorship: Lapeyr.

Cistus seguieri

authorship: Pourr. ex Dunal

Helianthemum allionii

authorship: Tineo

Helianthemum alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) DC.

Helianthemum alpestre var. oelandicum

authorship: DC.

name: Helianthemum alpestre var. rotundifolium

authorship: (Benth.) Loisel.

Helianthemum canum f. alpinum

authorship: Pau

authorship: (Willk.) Grosser

Helianthemum canum f. piloselloides

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Janch.

Helianthemum canum subsp. canescens

authorship: (Hartm.) M.Proctor

Helianthemum canum subsp. nebrodense

authorship: (Heldr. ex Guss.) Arcang.

Helianthemum canum subsp. piloselloides

authorship: (Lapeyr.) M.Proctor

Helianthemum canum subsp. pourretii

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr.) M.Proctor

Helianthemum canum subsp. stevenii

authorship: (Rupr. ex Juz. & Pozdeeva) M.Proctor

Helianthemum canum var. alpinum

authorship: (Willk.) Cuatrec.

Helianthemum canum var. canescens

authorship: (Hartm.) Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum canum var. italicum

authorship: (L.) Fiori

Helianthemum canum var. piloselloides

authorship: (Lapeyr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Helianthemum canum var. pourretii

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Helianthemum conquense

authorship: (Borja & Rivas Goday ex G.López) Mateo & Arán

Helianthemum cretaceum

authorship: (Rupr.) Juz.

Helianthemum cretophilum

authorship: Klokov & Dobrocz.

Helianthemum italicum

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Helianthemum italicum f. alpestris

authorship: (Jacq.) Bolzon

Helianthemum italicum subsp. alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) E.P.Perrier

Helianthemum italicum subsp. oelandicum

authorship: (L.) Nyman

Helianthemum italicum var. alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) Gren.

Helianthemum italicum var. cretaceum

authorship: Rupr.

Helianthemum italicum var. micranthum

authorship: Gren.

name: Helianthemum italicum var. montserratense

Helianthemum italicum var. oelandicum

authorship: (L.) Bolzon

Helianthemum italicum var. penicillatum

authorship: (Thibaud ex Dunal) Nyman

Helianthemum italicum var. strigosum

authorship: Dunal

Helianthemum marifolium f. orientale

authorship: Grosser

name: Helianthemum marifolium subsp. conquense

authorship: Borja & Rivas Goday ex G.López

Helianthemum marifolium var. italicum

authorship: (L.) Grosser

name: Helianthemum montanum prol. penicillatum

authorship: (Thibaud ex Dunal) Rouy & Foucaud

Helianthemum montanum subsp. italicum

authorship: (L.) Rouy & Foucaud

Helianthemum montanum subsp. viride

authorship: Willk.

Helianthemum montanum var. alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) Rouy & Foucaud

Helianthemum montanum var. boreale

authorship: Benth. ex Willk.

Helianthemum montanum var. macrocarpum

authorship: Foucaud & Rouy

Helianthemum montanum var. micranthum

authorship: (Gren.) Willk.

name: Helianthemum montanum var. montserratense

authorship: (Pau) Cadevall

Helianthemum montanum var. oelandicum

authorship: (L.) Vis.

Helianthemum montanum var. pourretii

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr.) Foucaud & Rouy

Helianthemum montanum var. viride

authorship: (Willk.) Costa

Helianthemum nebrodense

authorship: Heldr. ex Guss.

Helianthemum oelandicum f. aragonense

authorship: Font Quer & Rothm.

name: Helianthemum oelandicum f. montserratense

authorship: (Pau) Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. allionii

authorship: (Tineo) Greuter & Burdet

Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. boreale

authorship: (Benth.) Font Quer & Rothm.

name: Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. glabratum

authorship: Gremli

Helianthemum oelandicum var. alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) Boiss.

Helianthemum oelandicum var. aragonense

authorship: (Font Quer & Rothm.) Guinea & Heywood

Helianthemum oelandicum var. boreale

authorship: Benth.

Helianthemum oelandicum var. ciliatum

authorship: Wahlenb.

name: Helianthemum oelandicum var. lanceolatum

authorship: (Willk.) Guinea & Heywood

Helianthemum oelandicum var. latifolium

authorship: (Pau) Guinea & Heywood

Helianthemum oelandicum var. micranthum

authorship: (Gren.) Guinea & Heywood

name: Helianthemum oelandicum var. montserratense

name: Helianthemum oelandicum var. rotundifolium

Helianthemum oelandicum var. thessalum

authorship: Boiss. & Orph.

Helianthemum orientale

authorship: (Grosser) Juz. & Pozdeeva

name: Helianthemum origanifolium subsp. conquense

authorship: (Borja & Rivas Goday ex G.López) Rivas Mart.

name: Helianthemum origanifolium var. lanceolatum

Helianthemum pannosum f. alpinum

authorship: (Willk.) Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum penicillatum

authorship: Thibaud ex Dunal

Helianthemum piloselloides

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Dunal

Helianthemum rhodax var. alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) Steud.

Helianthemum skericense

authorship: Simonk.

Helianthemum stevenii

authorship: Rupr. ex Juz. & Pozd.

authorship: Rupr. ex Juz. & Pozdeeva

Helianthemum vineale var. piloselloides

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Nyman

Helianthermum oelandicum var. canescens

authorship: (Hartm.) Fr.

Rhodax allionii

authorship: (Tineo) Holub

Rhodax alpestris

authorship: Fuss

Rhodax ambiguus

authorship: (Schur) Fuss

Rhodax canus subsp. canescens

authorship: (Hartm.) Holub

Rhodax canus subsp. piloselloides

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Holub

codes: NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRC IRE ITA KRY YUG RUN POL ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 479 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena fabrella
Andrena flavipes
Andrena fulvata
Andrena gravida
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena ovatula
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: helianthemum-pergamaceum

scientific: Helianthemum pergamaceum

authorship: Pomel

epithet: pergamaceum

Helianthemum pergamaceum f. claryi

authorship: (Batt.) Raynaud

Helianthemum pergamaceum var. claryi

authorship: Batt.

Helianthemum pergamaceum var. obtusatum

authorship: (Pomel) Raynaud

Helianthemum pergamaceum var. virescens

authorship: (Maire) Raynaud

Helianthemum pilosum var. claryi

authorship: (Batt.) Maire

Helianthemum pilosum var. obtusatum

authorship: (Pomel) Maire

Helianthemum pilosum var. virescens

authorship: Maire

Helianthemum virgatum

authorship: Willk.

codes: ALG MOR

Algeria

code: ALG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Pomel

published_in: Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 350


slug: helianthemum-rotundifolium

scientific: Helianthemum rotundifolium

authorship: Dunal

epithet: rotundifolium

Helianthemum canum var. rubellum

authorship: (Pau) Fiori

Helianthemum cinereum f. alpinicola

authorship: Pau

Helianthemum cinereum f. filabrense

authorship: Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum cinereum f. floribundum

authorship: (Pomel) Font Quer & Rothm.

Helianthemum cinereum f. stipulatum

authorship: (Willk.) Font Quer & Rothm.

name: Helianthemum cinereum subsp. paniculatum

authorship: (Dunal) Pau ex Borja

name: Helianthemum cinereum subsp. rotundifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Greuter & Burdet

Helianthemum cinereum subsp. rubellum

authorship: (Pau) Maire

Helianthemum cinereum var. bicolor

authorship: (Willk.) Jahand. & Maire

Helianthemum cinereum var. fasciculatum

authorship: Guinea & Heywood

Helianthemum cinereum var. paniculatum

authorship: (Dunal) Pau

Helianthemum cinereum var. tenuicaule

authorship: (Pomel) Jahand. & Maire

Helianthemum marifolium subsp. rubellum

authorship: (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Helianthemum marifolium var. grandiflorum

authorship: (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Helianthemum marifolium var. tomentosum

authorship: Gren.

name: Helianthemum myrtifolium subsp. paniculatum

authorship: (Dunal) Rivas Goday & Borja

name: Helianthemum myrtifolium var. grandiflorum

Helianthemum nummulariifolium

authorship: Spruner ex Willk.

name: Helianthemum paniculatum var. grandiflorum

name: Helianthemum paniculatum var. longifolium

name: Helianthemum paniculatum var. rotundifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Willk.

name: Helianthemum rubellum f. atroglandulosum

authorship: Grosser

name: Helianthemum rubellum subsp. rotundifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Murb.

name: Helianthemum rubellum var. nummulariifolium

Helianthemum rubellum var. prostratum

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

name: Helianthemum rubellum var. rotundifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Boiss.

name: Helianthemum rubellum var. subexstipulatum

Rhodax distachyos subsp. rubellus

authorship: (Pau) Holub

Rhodax distachyos subsp. stipulatus

authorship: (Willk.) Holub

Rhodax montanus var. paniculatus

authorship: (Dunal) Spach

Rhodax rotundifolius

authorship: (Dunal) Holub

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN SPA

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Dunal


slug: helianthemum-salicifolium

scientific: Helianthemum salicifolium

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: salicifolium

preferred: willowleaf frostweed

Aphananthemum salicifolium

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Cistus denticulatus

authorship: Kit. ex Kanitz

Cistus intermedius

authorship: Poir.

Cistus salicifolius

authorship: L.

Cistus salicifolius var. fugaceus

authorship: (Mill.) Steud.

Helianthemum ambiguum

authorship: Pomel

Helianthemum assurgens

authorship: Dufr. ex Willk.

Helianthemum denticulatum

authorship: Thibaud ex Pers.

Helianthemum fugaceum

authorship: Mill.

Helianthemum fugax

authorship: Dunal

Helianthemum intermedium

authorship: Thibaud

name: Helianthemum intermedium subvar. micranthum

authorship: Dufour ex Nyman

Helianthemum intermedium var. ambiguum

authorship: Batt.

name: Helianthemum intermedium var. tribracteatum

authorship: Sennen & Pau

authorship: Pau

name: Helianthemum ledifolium f. dissitiflorum

authorship: Willk.

name: Helianthemum ledifolium var. micropetalum

authorship: Coss. ex Willk.

Helianthemum micranthum

authorship: Dufr. ex Nyman

Helianthemum minutum

authorship: Schltdl. ex Willk.

Helianthemum punctatum

authorship: Willd.

Helianthemum refractum

authorship: Friv. ex Hampe

Helianthemum retrofractum

authorship: Friv. ex Nyman

Helianthemum rubellum

authorship: Moench

name: Helianthemum salicifolium prol. intermedium

authorship: (Thibaud) Rouy & Foucaud

name: Helianthemum salicifolium subsp. intermedium

authorship: (Thibaud) Bonnier & Layens

name: Helianthemum salicifolium subsp. trifoliatum

authorship: (Willk.) Pau

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. brachycarpum

authorship: Rouy & Foucaud

authorship: Rouy

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. brachypetalum

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. denticulatum

authorship: (Thibaud ex Pers.) DC.

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. intermedium

authorship: (Thibaud) DC.

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. macrocarpum

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. macrosepalum

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. microcarpum

Helianthemum salicifolium var. setosum

authorship: Faure & Maire

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. trifoliatum

name: Helianthemum salicifolium var. vallisoletanum

Helianthemum tripetalum

authorship: Miégev.

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI GST IRN IRQ KUW LBS NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TCS TKM TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Gulf States

code: GST

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 670 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
willowleaf frostweed
Willow-leaved Rock-rose

names: Солнцецвет иволистный

names:
Weidenblaettriges Sonnenroeschen
Weidenblättriges Sonnenröschen

names:
Heliantheme a feuilles de saule
Hélianthème à feuilles de saule

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Chrysoperla carnea
Episyrphus balteatus
Halictus subauratus
Hoplitis robusta
Lasioglossum albocinctum
Lasioglossum euboeense
Lasioglossum lissonotus

partners:
Acanthogethes fuscus
Actenia orbicentralis
Adscita geryon
Altica helianthemi
Alydus calcaratus
Amblytylus nasutus
Aphis helianthemi helianthemi
Aphthona herbigrada


slug: helianthemum-sanguineum

scientific: Helianthemum sanguineum

authorship: (Lag.) Dunal

epithet: sanguineum

Atlanthemum sanguineum

authorship: (Lag.) Raynaud

name: Atlanthemum sanguineum subvar. erectipes

authorship: (Maire & Sam.) Raynaud

Cistus retrofractus

authorship: (Pers.) Poir.

Cistus sanguineus

authorship: Lag.

Helianthemum ledifolium

authorship: Sieber ex C.Presl

Helianthemum retrofractum

authorship: Pers.

name: Helianthemum sanguineum subvar. erectipes

Helianthemum sanguineum var. erectipes

authorship: Maire & Sam.

name: Helianthemum sanguineum var. retrofractum

authorship: (Pers.) Maire

codes: ALG MOR ITA KRI POR SPA

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: annual

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Lag.) Lag.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthemum-squamatum

scientific: Helianthemum squamatum

authorship: (L.) Dum.Cours.

epithet: squamatum

Cistus squamatus

authorship: L.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 360 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Necremnus tidius
Pseudotorymus

value: perennial

authors: (L.) Dum.Cours.

published_in: Bot. Cult. 3: 129

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthemum-stipulatum

scientific: Helianthemum stipulatum

authorship: (Forssk.) C.Chr.

epithet: stipulatum

preferred: rosemary frostweed

source: usda

Cistus rosmarinifolius

authorship: Salisb.

Cistus stipulatus

authorship: Forssk.

Halimium libanotis

authorship: Lange

Halimium rosmarinifolium

authorship: Spach

Helianthemum argyreum

authorship: Baker

Helianthemum ehrenbergii

authorship: Willk.

Helianthemum libanotis

authorship: Willd.

Helianthemum lippii var. ehrenbergii

authorship: (Willk.) Boiss.

Helianthemum lisbonense

authorship: Samp.

Helianthemum rosmarinifolium

authorship: Lag. ex Dunal

name: Helianthemum rosmarinifolium subsp. ehrenbergii

authorship: (Willk.) Murb.

name: Helianthemum rosmarinifolium var. ehrenbergii

authorship: (Willk.) Pamp.

Helianthemum splendens

authorship: Pourr. ex Nyman

Libanotis umbellata

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALG DJI EGY LBY MOR SOM TUN CYP IRQ LBS OMA PAL SIN TUR YEM GRC

Djibouti

code: DJI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Somalia

code: SOM

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Yemen

code: YEM

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 219 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Солнцецвет прилистниковый


slug: helianthemum-syriacum

scientific: Helianthemum syriacum

authorship: (Jacq.) Dum.Cours.

epithet: syriacum

Cistus lavandulifolius var. syriacus

authorship: (Jacq.) Lam.

Cistus syriacus

authorship: Jacq.

Cistus thibaudii

authorship: (Pers.) Poir.

Halimium syriacum

authorship: (Jacq.) K.Koch

Helianthemum erectum

authorship: Bubani

Helianthemum fasciculi

authorship: Greuter

Helianthemum graecum

authorship: Link ex Gross

Helianthemum lavandulifolium

authorship: Desf.

name: Helianthemum lavandulifolium subsp. thibaudii

authorship: (Pers.) Arcang.

name: Helianthemum lavandulifolium var. corsicum

authorship: Gren.

name: Helianthemum lavandulifolium var. micranthum

authorship: (Faure & Maire) Emb. & Maire

name: Helianthemum lavandulifolium var. syriacum

authorship: (Jacq.) Dunal

name: Helianthemum lavandulifolium var. thibaudii

authorship: (Pers.) DC.

Helianthemum ledifolium var. corsicum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Helianthemum ledifolium var. thibaudii

authorship: (Pers.) Dunal

Helianthemum racemosum var. micranthum

authorship: Faure & Maire

Helianthemum racemosum var. syriacum

authorship: (Jacq.) Jahand. & Maire

name: Helianthemum stoechadifolium var. erectum

name: Helianthemum stoechadifolium var. humile

Helianthemum syriacum subsp. thibaudii

authorship: (Pers.) Meikle

Helianthemum thibaudii

authorship: Pers.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI PAL TUR ALB FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

France

code: FRA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lavender-leaved Rockrose
Syrian Rock-rose

names:
Mirasol lavanda
Té de campo

names: Солнцецвет сирийский

names: Hélianthème de Syrie, Hélianthème à feuilles de lavande

names: שמשון אזוביוני


slug: helianthemum-thymiphyllum

scientific: Helianthemum thymiphyllum

authorship: Svent.

epithet: thymiphyllum

Canary Is.

code: CNY

value: Dec-May

authors: Svent.

published_in: Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 35


slug: helianthemum-vesicarium

scientific: Helianthemum vesicarium

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: vesicarium

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient.  8: 50 (1849)

Helianthemum roseum

authorship: Ehrenb. ex Willk.

Helianthemum virgatum var. vesicarium

authorship: (Boiss.) E.A.Durand & Barratte

codes: EGY LBY TUN LBS PAL SIN

Egypt

code: EGY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 177 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Солнцецвет пузырчатый

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 8: 50

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthemum-violaceum

scientific: Helianthemum violaceum

authorship: (Cav.) Pers.

epithet: violaceum

Cistus lavandulifolius

authorship: (Mill.) Lam.

Cistus racemosus

authorship: L.

authorship: Cav.

Helianthemum apenninum subsp. violaceum

authorship: (Cav.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Helianthemum apenninum var. tomentellum

authorship: (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Helianthemum lavandulifolium

authorship: Mill.

name: Helianthemum leptophyllum var. albiflorum

authorship: Willk.

name: Helianthemum leptophyllum var. longifolium

authorship: Freyn ex Willk.

Helianthemum lineare var. violaceum

authorship: (Cav.) Rouy

Helianthemum pilosum f. farinosum

authorship: (Dunal) Grosser

name: Helianthemum pilosum subsp. subobtusatum

authorship: (Maire) Maire

Helianthemum pilosum subsp. violaceum

authorship: (Cav.) Borja & Rivas Mart.

Helianthemum pilosum var. carneum

authorship: Raynaud

Helianthemum pilosum var. farinosum

authorship: (Dunal) Maire

name: Helianthemum pilosum var. hirticalycinum

authorship: Maire

Helianthemum pilosum var. pseudoasperum

authorship: Molero & Rovira

Helianthemum pilosum var. racemosum

authorship: (L.) Nyman

Helianthemum pilosum var. violaceum

authorship: (Cav.) Boiss.

name: Helianthemum polifolium var. tomentellum

authorship: (Willk.) Samp.

Helianthemum racemosum

authorship: (L.) Pau

Helianthemum racemosum var. farinosum

authorship: Dunal

Helianthemum thymifolium var. violaceum

authorship: (Cav.) Pau

Helianthemum variabile var. calycinum

authorship: Spach

name: Helianthemum variabile var. linearifolium

Helianthemum variabile var. racemosum

authorship: (L.) Steud.

Helianthemum violaceum var. arabinianum

authorship: Solanas & M.B.Crespo

codes: ALG MOR FRA ITA POR SPA

Morocco

code: MOR

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hélianthème poilu
Hélianthème violacé, Hélianthème poilu

authors: (Cav.) Pers.

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthus-agrestis

scientific: Helianthus agrestis

authorship: Pollard

genus: Helianthus

epithet: agrestis

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 184 (1900)

preferred: southeastern sunflower

codes: FLA GEO

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 142 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southeastern sunflower
rural sunflower

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Chelymorpha cassidea
Danaus gilippus

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Pollard

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 184

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthus-angustifolius

scientific: Helianthus angustifolius

authorship: L.

epithet: angustifolius

preferred: swamp sunflower

Discomela angustifolius

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Helianthus angustifolius

authorship: (L.) Michx. ex DC.

name: Helianthus angustifolius subsp. angustifolius

name: Helianthus angustifolius var. angustifolius

name: Helianthus angustifolius var. planifolius

authorship: Fernald

Helianthus orgyalis

authorship: DC.

Leighia bicolor

authorship: Cass.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO INI IOW KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1962 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
swamp sunflower
narrow-leaf sunflower

names: 狭叶向日葵 狭叶金光菊

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Apoidea
Chlosyne gorgone
Chlosyne nycteis
Cynthia cardui
Erynnis baptisiae
Junonia coenia
Lepidoptera

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Junonia coenia
Andrena accepta
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
Aptenopedes sphenarioides
Chlosyne gorgone
Chlosyne nycteis

label: Visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Aptenopedes sphenarioides
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Colpa octomaculata
Diabrotica balteata
Eristalis stipator
Halictus ligatus

partners:
Anthidium manicatum
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Colpa octomaculata
Passerina cyanea
Scaphytopius slossoni
Schizura leptinoides

quote: Swamp sunflower is a native, warm season, perennial forb.

quote: Numerous blooms appear in October and range from 1.5 to 2 inches wide.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: helianthus-annuus

scientific: Helianthus annuus

epithet: annuus

preferred: Common Sunflower

english:
Common Sunflower
common sunflower
sunflower

source: inat

Helianthus annuus f. lenticularis

authorship: (Douglas ex Lindl.) B.Boivin

Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri

authorship: (Heiser) Heiser

Helianthus annuus subsp. texanus

authorship: Heiser

Helianthus annuus var. aridus

authorship: Cockerell

Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis

authorship: (Douglas ex Lindl.) Steyerm.

authorship: (Douglas ex Lindl.) Cockerell

Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus

authorship: (DC.) Cockerell

Helianthus annuus var. texanus

authorship: (Heiser) Shinners

Helianthus aridus

authorship: Rydb.

Helianthus erythrocarpus

authorship: Bartl.

Helianthus macrocarpus

authorship: DC. & A.DC.

Helianthus multiflorus

authorship: Hook.

Helianthus ovatus

authorship: Lehm.

Helianthus tubaeformis

authorship: Nutt.

codes: ARI CAL MXC MXE MXN MXS NEV

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1991 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Helianthus tuberosus

slug: helianthus-tuberosus

species: Silphium perfoliatum

slug: silphium-perfoliatum

Tocopherol

activities: 5-HETE-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiMD AntiMS AntiPMS Antiaggregant Antiaging

Menthol

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiasthmatic Antibacillus

Lignin

activities: AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticoronary Antidiarrheic Antinitrosaminic Antioxidant Antitumor

Chlorogenic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiatherosclerotic

Faradiol

activities: Antiedemic Antiinflammatory

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

Lecithin

activities: AntiTourette's Antialzheimeran Antiataxic Anticirrhotic Antidementia Antidyskinetic Antieczemic Antilithic

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
sunflower
common sunflower

names: Acahual Girasol

names: 向日葵 向日葵丈菊

names:
تباع الشمس
دوار الشمس

names: Подсолнечник однолетний

names: ヒマワリ himawari

names:
Einjaehrige Sonnenblume
Gewöhnliche Sonnenblume

names: Hélianthe annuel, Grand soleil, Tournesol

names:
Girasole
Girasole comune

names: Ayçiçeği Aycicegi

names: 해바라기 haebaragi

names: ప్రొద్దు తిరుగుడు

partners:
Melanagromyza aeneoventris
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena
Andrena aliciae
Andrena amieti
Andrena andrenoides
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia

partners:
Bombus auricomus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus huntii
Bombus impatiens
Bombus morrisoni

label: Eaten by

partners:
Anania verbascalis
Apolygus lucorum
Chrysodeixis chalcites
Homoeosoma nebulella
Loxostege sticticalis
Mamestra brassicae
Ochsenheimeria taurella
Ostrinia nubilalis

partners:
Orobanche cernua
Orobanche cernua var. cumana
Paratylenchus projectus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Alternaria alternata
Bidens mottle virus
Diaporthe sojae
Endive necrotic mosaic virus
Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus
Plasmopara halstedii
Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus
Sunflower mild mosaic virus

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

quote: The sunflower is an erect, coarse, tap-rooted annual

quote: Ray flowers are yellow and disk flowers are reddish-brown.


slug: helianthus-argophyllus

scientific: Helianthus argophyllus

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: argophyllus

preferred: silverleaf sunflower

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: FLA NCA TEX

Florida

code: FLA

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 956 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
silverleaf sunflower
Silver-leaf Sunflower

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

label: Height

value: 4 m

authors: Torr. & A.Gray


slug: helianthus-atrorubens

scientific: Helianthus atrorubens

authorship: L.

epithet: atrorubens

preferred: purpledisk sunflower

source: wikidata

Discomela atrorubens

authorship: Raf.

Helianthus atrorubens var. alsodes

authorship: Fernald

Helianthus sparsifolius

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA FLA GEO KTY LOU NWJ NCA SCA TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

New Jersey

code: NWJ

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 481 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
purpledisk sunflower
Dark-eyed Sunflower

names:
Schwarzrote Sonnenblume
geäugte Sonnenblume

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera

value: Jun

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: L.


slug: helianthus-bolanderi

scientific: Helianthus bolanderi

epithet: bolanderi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 544 (1865)

preferred: serpentine sunflower

codes: CAL ORE

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

names:
serpentine sunflower
Bolander's sunflower

names: دوار الشمس البولاندري

partners:
Andrena andrenoides
Apallates coxendix
Atrichopogon websteri
Bibio albipennis
Bicyrtes ventralis
Brachycoma sarcophagina
Carceris robertsonii
Colletes nudus

partners:
Heliothis phloxiphaga
Andrena accepta
Andrena helianthi
Bombus pensylvanicus
Calocoris rapidus
Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus
Dufourea marginata
Eristalis transversa

partners:
Harmostes reflexulus
Perdita tridentata

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 544

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthus-californicus

scientific: Helianthus californicus

authorship: DC.

epithet: californicus

preferred: California sunflower

name: Helianthus californicus var. californicus

codes: CAL MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 179 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Colias eurytheme
Halictus ligatus
Lasioglossum sisymbrii
Megachile parallela
Peucetia viridans
Bombus crotchii
Dufourea australis

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Allograpta obliqua
Eupeodes fumipennis
Megachile perihirta
Toxomerus marginatus
Vanessa cardui

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Apis mellifera
Epimelissodes obliquus
Eupeodes fumipennis
Halictus ligatus
Megachile apicalis
Megachile perihirta
Pieris rapae

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: DC.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: helianthus-carnosus

scientific: Helianthus carnosus

authorship: Small

epithet: carnosus

preferred: lakeside sunflower

names:
lakeside sunflower
flatwoods sunflower

names: دوار الشمس المبهرج

authors: Small

published_in: Torreya 2: 74


slug: helianthus-ciliaris

scientific: Helianthus ciliaris

epithet: ciliaris

preferred: Texas blueweed

name: Helianthus angustifolius subsp. ciliaris

authorship: (DC.) Anashch.

codes: ARI CAL COL ILL KAN MXE MXN NEB NEV NWM OKL TEX UTA

Colorado

code: COL

Illinois

code: ILL

Kansas

code: KAN

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 499 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Texas blueweed
Texas-blueweed

names:
دوار الشمس الشعري
دوار الشمس المهدب

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Apis mellifera
Brephidium exilis
Chlosyne lacinia
Colias eurytheme
Echinargus isola
Hyles lineata
Nathalis iole

partners:
Danaus gilippus
Echinargus isola
Euptoieta claudia
Gnathium minimum
Hippodamia convergens
Pontia protodice
Zerene cesonia

value: achene


slug: helianthus-cusickii

scientific: Helianthus cusickii

epithet: cusickii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 413 (1886)

preferred: Cusick's sunflower

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE WAS

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cusick's sunflower
parsnip-root sunflower

names: دوار الشمس الكوسيكي

partners:
Hesperia juba
Pontia beckerii
Pterophoridae
Agapostemon
Andrena
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Atalopedes campestris
Eristalis arbustorum
Euodynerus hidalgo viereckii
Hesperia juba
Nemognatha lurida
Oxyopes scalaris
Phidippus audax
Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 413


slug: helianthus-debilis

scientific: Helianthus debilis

epithet: debilis

published_in: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society N. S. 7 1841

preferred: cucumberleaf sunflower

name: Helianthus cucumerifolius var. cucumerifolius

Helianthus debilis f. cucumerifolius

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Voss

Helianthus debilis var. cucumerifolius

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

Helianthus debilis var. silvestris

authorship: (Heiser) Cronquist

Helianthus debilis var. vestitus

authorship: (E.Watson) Cronquist

codes: ALA CNT FLA GEO LOU MRY MAS MIC MSI NWH NWY NCA PEN RHO SCA TEX VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2018 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cucumberleaf sunflower
Beach Sunflower

names: 小向日葵 瓜葉向日葵

names: دوار الشمس الضعيف

names:
Подсолнечник слабый
Подсолнечник увечный

names:
Gurkenblättrige Sonnenblume
Schwache Sonnenblume

names:
Hélianthe
Hélianthe débile

names:
חמנית החופים
חמנית זוחלת

partners:
Halictus poeyi
Sedum
Acmaeodera pulchella
Acontia onagrus
Agapostemon splendens
Anartia jatrophae
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens

partners:
Sedum
Acmaeodera pulchella
Agapostemon splendens
Allograpta obliqua
Apis mellifera
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Copestylum mexicanum

partners:
Chlosyne lacinia
Pissonotus binotatus
Colinus virginianus
Microbembex monodonta
Phyciodes tharos

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 367


slug: helianthus-deserticola

scientific: Helianthus deserticola

authorship: Heiser

epithet: deserticola

published_in: Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 70: 209 (1960)

codes: ARI NEV UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
Dune Sunflower
desert sunflower

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Heiser

published_in: Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 70: 209

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: helianthus-divaricatus

scientific: Helianthus divaricatus

epithet: divaricatus

preferred: woodland sunflower

name: Helianthus divaricatus var. angustifolius

authorship: Kuntze

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Québec

code: QUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hélianthe divariqué
hélianthe à feuilles étalées

partners:
Ammobia pennsylvanica
Andrena andrenoides
Andrena miserabilis
Anoplodera pubera
Ashmeadiella bucconis
Babia 4-guttata
Bicyrtes ventralis
Blepharipeza leucophrys

partners:
Andrena helianthi
Lasioglossum pectorale
Apis mellifera
Bombus affinis
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Eristalis transversa

partners:
Anax junius
Andrena aliciae
Andrena helianthi
Atalopedes huron
Entylia carinata
Mesamia nigridorsum
Neolasioptera thurstoni
Perdita bequaerti bequaerti

partners:
Bicyrtes ventralis
Bombus citrinus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Chauliognathus pensylvanicus
Chlorion
Chlosyne nycteis
Peponapis pruinosa