slug: ludwigia-octovalvis

scientific: Ludwigia octovalvis

authorship: (Jacq.) P.H.Raven

epithet: octovalvis

preferred: Mexican Primrose-willow

english:
Mexican Primrose-willow
Mexican primrose-willow

Adenola longipes

authorship: Raf.

Epilobium fruticosum

authorship: Lour.

Isnardia capitata

authorship: DC.

Jussiaea angustifolia

authorship: Blume

authorship: Lam.

Jussiaea angustifolia var. linearis

authorship: Harv.

Jussiaea decumbens

authorship: Benth. ex Wall.

Jussiaea erythrocaulis

authorship: Mart. ex Micheli

Jussiaea exaltata

authorship: Roxb.

Jussiaea haenkeana

authorship: Steud.

Jussiaea hirsuta

authorship: Mill.

Jussiaea junghuhniana

authorship: Miq.

Jussiaea linearis

authorship: Hochst.

authorship: Willd.

Jussiaea longifolia

authorship: Rchb.

Jussiaea longipes

authorship: Griff.

Jussiaea occidentalis

authorship: Nutt.

authorship: Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray

Jussiaea octonervia f. sessiliflora

authorship: Micheli

Jussiaea octonervia var. sessiliflora

authorship: (Micheli) Micheli

Jussiaea octovalvis

authorship: (Jacq.) Sw.

Jussiaea ovalifolia

authorship: Sims

Jussiaea persicariifolia

authorship: Schltdl.

Jussiaea peruviana var. octofila

authorship: (DC.) Bertoni

Jussiaea pubescens

authorship: L.

Jussiaea suffruticosa f. angustifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Alston

Jussiaea suffruticosa f. genuina

authorship: Domin

Jussiaea suffruticosa f. linearifolia

authorship: (Hassl.) Munz

Jussiaea suffruticosa subsp. octonervia

authorship: Hassl.

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. angustifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. brevisepala

authorship: Brenan

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. hawaiensis

authorship: Hochr.

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. hirta

authorship: Ridl.

name: Jussiaea suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Griseb.

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. linearis

authorship: (Willd.) Oliv. ex Kuntze

authorship: (Willd.) Bertoni

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. macropoda

authorship: (C.Presl) Munz

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. normalis

authorship: Kuntze

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octofila

authorship: (DC.) Munz

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octonervia

authorship: (Lam.) Bertoni

name: Jussiaea suffruticosa var. pilosolinearis

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. salicifolia

authorship: (Kunth) H.Lév.

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. scabra

authorship: (Willd.) H.Lév.

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. sessiliflora

authorship: (Micheli) Hassl.

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. sintenisii

authorship: Urb.

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. subglabra

authorship: Thwaites ex Trimen

Jussiaea suffruticosa var. villosa

authorship: (Lam.) F.M.Bailey

Jussiaea tetragona

authorship: Spreng.

Jussiaea ventiliginum

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Ludwigia angustifolia

authorship: (Lam.) M.Gómez

Ludwigia capitata var. pubens

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Ludwigia didymosperma

authorship: (H.Perrier) H.Hara

Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. macropoda

authorship: (C.Presl) P.H.Raven

Ludwigia octovalvis var. ligustrifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Alain

Ludwigia octovalvis var. macropoda

authorship: (C.Presl) Shinners

Ludwigia octovalvis var. octofila

authorship: (DC.) Alain

Ludwigia octovalvis var. sessiliflora

authorship: (Micheli) Shinners

Ludwigia pubescens

authorship: (L.) H.Hara

Ludwigia pubescens var. brevisepala

authorship: (Brenan) H.Hara

Ludwigia pubescens var. ligustrifolia

authorship: (Kunth) H.Hara

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN CMN CVI CHA CON ERI ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MLI MAU MOZ NGR NGA ROD REU SEN SEY SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS SAU TAI CHT YEM AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NSW NTA QLD WAU ALA FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI NCA SCA TEX CRL FIJ GIL MRN MRS VAN AGE BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLN CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2134 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

names: صفصاف زهرة الربيع المكسيكية

names: Людвигия восьмистворчатая

partners:
Unidentified sp8 M_PL_041
Wasmannia auropunctata

partners:
Cleruchus nikaknet
Idiomacromerus erzurumensis
Lasioglossum emirnense
Megachile piliceps
Nomia viridilimbata
Agapostemon splendens
Apis
Apis mellifera

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Pseudomyrmex pallidus
Scolia nobilitata

partners:
Eumorpha fasciatus
Altica litigata
Eudryas unio
Gymnoscirtetes pusillus
Leptysma marginicollis
Lysathia ludoviciana
Melissodes bimaculatus
Paroxya atlantica


slug: ludwigia-ovalis

scientific: Ludwigia ovalis

authorship: Miq.

genus: Ludwigia

epithet: ovalis

family: Onagraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 95 (1867)

Ludwigia palustris var. ovalis

authorship: (Miq.) H.Lév.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHS JAP KOR TAI

China Southeast

code: CHS

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names: 卵叶丁香蓼 卵葉水丁香

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Miq.

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 95

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: ludwigia-palustris

scientific: Ludwigia palustris

authorship: (L.) Elliott

epithet: palustris

published_in: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina  1: 211 (1817)

preferred: marsh seedbox

source: usda

Dantia palustris

authorship: Des Moul.

Isnardia ascendens

authorship: Hall ex Eaton & Wright

Isnardia nitida

authorship: Poir.

Isnardia palustris

authorship: L.

Isnardia palustris f. submersa

authorship: Glück

Isnardia palustris var. americana

authorship: DC.

Isnardia palustris var. riparia

authorship: Boenn.

Ludwigia apetala

authorship: Walter

Ludwigia nitida

authorship: Michx.

Ludwigia palustris f. elongata

authorship: Fassett

Ludwigia palustris f. submersa

authorship: Eames

Ludwigia palustris var. americana

authorship: (DC.) Fernald & Griscom

Ludwigia palustris var. inundata

authorship: Svenson

Ludwigia palustris var. nana

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Quadricosta palustris

authorship: Dulac

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG ANG BOT CPP ZAI NAT LES MOR NAM TVL TUN ZAM ZIM IRN LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA YUG NET POL POR ROM SAR SPA SWI TUE UKR ALA ARI ARK BRC CAL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WAS WVA WIS CLM COS CUB DOM GUA HAI JAM PUE VEN

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Morocco

code: MOR

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tunisia

code: TUN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: Людвігія болотна

names:
Gwlyddyn Dŵr Sur
Helyglys y Fforest Newydd

partners:
Altica litigata
Altica lythri
Altica palustris
Mompha locupletella
Perigaster lituratus
Suidae

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

published_in: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 1(3): 211

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: ludwigia-peploides

scientific: Ludwigia peploides

authorship: (Kunth) P.H.Raven

epithet: peploides

published_in: Reinwardtia 6: 393 (1964)

preferred: floating primrose-willow

source: inat

Jussiaea berteroana

authorship: Steud.

Jussiaea boydiana

authorship: Featherm.

Jussiaea california

authorship: Jeps.

Jussiaea diffusa var. californica

authorship: (S.Watson) Greene ex Jeps.

Jussiaea glandulosa

authorship: Larrañaga

Jussiaea inclinata

authorship: Blanco

Jussiaea mendocinensis

authorship: Gillies ex Hook.

Jussiaea montevidensis

authorship: Spreng.

Jussiaea patibilcensis

authorship: Kunth

Jussiaea polygonifolia

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Jussiaea repens var. glabrescens

authorship: Kuntze

Jussiaea repens var. minor

authorship: Micheli

Jussiaea repens var. montevidensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Munz

Jussiaea repens var. peploides

authorship: (Kunth) Griseb.

Jussiaea repens var. ramulosa

authorship: (DC.) Griseb.

authorship: Hassl.

Jussiaea stipulacea

authorship: Ohwi

Ludwigia adscendens var. glabrescens

authorship: (Kuntze) H.Hara

Ludwigia adscendens var. montevidensis

authorship: (Spreng.) H.Hara

Ludwigia adscendens var. peploides

authorship: (Kunth) H.Hara

Ludwigia adscendens var. stipulacea

authorship: (Ohwi) H.Hara

Ludwigia clavellina var. peploides

authorship: (Kunth) M.Gómez

Ludwigia diffusa

authorship: Greene

Ludwigia diffusa var. californica

authorship: (S.Watson) Greene

Ludwigia peploides var. glabrescens

authorship: (Kuntze) Shinners

Ludwigia peploides var. montevidensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Shinners

Ludwigia ramulosa

authorship: (DC.) M.Gómez

Ludwigia repens

authorship: Sw.

Ludwigia stipulacea

authorship: (Ohwi) Ohwi

codes: CHS JAP NNS NSW QLD SOA VIC ALA ARI ARK CAL DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWM NWY NCA OHI OKL ORE PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZS CLC CLN CLS CLM COS CUB DOM ECU GAL GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PAR PER PUE URU VEN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2025 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Floating primrose-willow, Creeping water primrose, Water primrose, Floating primrose, Floating water primrose

names:
Duraznillo de agua
Enramada de las tarariras

names: Людвигия пеплоидная

names:
Kleine waterteunisbloem
postelein waterlepeltje

partners:
Apis mellifera
Burnsius communis
Polites themistocles
Toxomerus jussiaeae

partners:
Anax junius
Burnsius communis
Nerodia sipedon

partners:
Apis mellifera
Macrosteles jussiaeae
Pissonotus piceus
Altica lythri
Altica palustris
Austronanodes nigrovarius
Burnsius communis
Cygnus melancoryphus

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: ludwigia-perennis

scientific: Ludwigia perennis

authorship: L.

epithet: perennis

Isnardia jussieuodes

authorship: Kuntze

Isnardia multiflora

authorship: Guill. & Perr.

Isnardia parviflora

authorship: (Roxb.) Kuntze

Jussiaea carophyllaea

authorship: Lam.

Jussiaea maderaspatana

authorship: Steud.

Jussiaea perennis

authorship: (L.) Brenan

Ludwigia caryophyllea

authorship: (Lam.) Merr. & F.P.Metcalf

Ludwigia gracilis

authorship: Miq.

Ludwigia humbertii

authorship: Robyns & Lawalrée

Ludwigia jussiaeoides

authorship: Wall.

Ludwigia lythroides

authorship: Blume

Ludwigia multiflora

authorship: (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Ludwigia parviflora

authorship: Roxb.

Ludwigia zeylanica

authorship: Pers.

Oenothera quadricolumnata

authorship: Noronha

codes: BEN BOT BKN CMN CAF CHA CON ZAI SWZ ETH IVO KEN NAT MDG MLW MLI MTN MOZ SEN SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM AFG CHC CHS CHH JAP TZK TAI UZB ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NTA QLD WAU NWC

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Senegal

code: SEN

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Togo

code: TOG

Uganda

code: UGA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ludwigia-peruviana

scientific: Ludwigia peruviana

authorship: (L.) H.Hara

epithet: peruviana

preferred: Peruvian primrose-willow

source: wikidata

Jussiaea grandiflora

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Jussiaea hirsuta

authorship: Vell.

Jussiaea macrocarpa

authorship: Kunth

Jussiaea peruviana f. hirsuta

authorship: Hassl.

Jussiaea peruviana var. macrocarpa

authorship: (Kunth) Bertoni

Jussiaea peruviana var. macrophylla

authorship: Bertoni

Jussiaea peruviana var. typica

authorship: Munz

Jussiaea speciosa

authorship: Ridl.

Jussiaea sprengeri

authorship: hort. ex L.H.Bailey

Ludwigia hirta

authorship: (L.) M.Gómez

Ludwigia peruviana var. glaberrima

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Alain

Sphaerostigma minimum

authorship: Heynh.

codes: MXG MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZS BZL BZC CLC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PAR PER PUE TRT URU VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Chile Central

code: CLC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Peruvian primrose-willow
Peruvian primrosebush

names: Людвигия перуанская

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Bombus impatiens
Augochlorella aurata
Augochloropsis sumptuosa
Coelioxys mexicana
Coelioxys modesta

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Bombus impatiens
Dielis plumipes
Megachile xylocopoides
Urbanus proteus
Xylocopa micans
Xylocopa virginica

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: ludwigia-pilosa

scientific: Ludwigia pilosa

authorship: Walter

epithet: pilosa

preferred: hairy primrose-willow

Isnardia hirsuta

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

authorship: DC.

Isnardia mollis

authorship: (Michx.) Poir.

Isnardia pilosa

authorship: (Walter) Kuntze

Ludwigia hirsuta

authorship: Desr.

Ludwigia mollis

authorship: Michx.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 235 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners: Apis Bombus Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Vespidae

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 89


slug: ludwigia-polycarpa

scientific: Ludwigia polycarpa

authorship: Short & R.Peter

epithet: polycarpa

published_in: Transylvania J. Med. Assoc. Sci. 8: 581 (1835)

preferred: manyfruit primrose-willow

Isnardia polycarpa

authorship: Kuntze

codes: CNT IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAS MIC MIN MSO NEB OHI ONT PEN VRG WVA WIS CUB

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Cuba

code: CUB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 152 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
manyfruit primrose-willow
False Loosestrife

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Acmaeodera tubulus
Agrothereutes limatus
Andrena geranii
Andrena spiraeana
Apallates coxendix
Bombus impatiens
Ceratina dupla
Cerceris insolita

partners:
Anoplius atrox
Augochlorella persimilis
Lasioglossum pectorale
Acmaeodera tubulus
Andrena geranii
Andrena spiraeana
Apallates coxendix
Archytas analis

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

published_in: Transylvania J. Med. Assoc. Sci. 8(4): 581


slug: ludwigia-repens

scientific: Ludwigia repens

epithet: repens

preferred: Creeping Primrose-Willow

english:
Creeping Primrose-Willow
creeping primrose-willow
creeping primrosewillow
creeping waterpurslane

Isnardia intermedia

authorship: Small & Alexander

Isnardia media

authorship: Small

Isnardia natans

authorship: (Elliott) Kuntze

Isnardia repens var. rotundata

authorship: Griseb.

Ludwigia clavellina

authorship: M.Gómez & Molinet

Ludwigia fluitans

authorship: Scheele

Ludwigia natans

authorship: Elliott

Ludwigia natans var. rotundata

authorship: (Griseb.) Fernald & Griscom

Ludwigia natans var. stipitata

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Ludwigia repens var. rotundata

authorship: (Griseb.) M.Gómez

Ludwigia repens var. stipitata

authorship: (Fernald & Griscom) Munz

codes: ALA ARI ARK CAL FLA GEO KAN LOU MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS MSI MSO NEV NWJ NWM NCA OKL ORE SCA TEN TEX VRG BAH BER CUB DOM ELS HAI JAM PUE

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Nevada

code: NEV

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Oregon

code: ORE

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

Bahamas

code: BAH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 543 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Eumorpha fasciatus
Gallinula galeata
Hydrellia alabamae
Hyperodes echinatus
Mompha
Perigaster cretura
Porzana carolina
Theretra silhetensis

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ludwigia-sedioides

scientific: Ludwigia sedioides

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl.) H.Hara

epithet: sedioides

Jussiaea sedioides

authorship: Bonpl.

codes: MXG MXT BOL BZN CLM COS CUB ECU ELS GUY HON JAM NIC PAN PAR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: hydrosubshrub

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 240 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 菱叶水龙 黃花菱

authors: (Humb. & Bonpl.) H.Hara


slug: ludwigia-sericea

scientific: Ludwigia sericea

authorship: (Cambess.) H.Hara

epithet: sericea

Jussiaea myrtifolia f. brasiliensis

authorship: Hassl.

Jussiaea myrtifolia var. sericea

authorship: (Cambess.) Hassl.

Jussiaea sericea

authorship: Cambess.

Jussiaea sericea var. genuina

authorship: Munz

Jussiaea villosissima

authorship: Pohl ex Micheli

codes: AGE BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: subshrub

value: woody

authors: (Cambess.) H.Hara

published_in: J. Jap. Bot. xxviii. 294 (1953)

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ludwigia-suffruticosa

scientific: Ludwigia suffruticosa

authorship: Walter

epithet: suffruticosa

preferred: shrubby primrose-willow

Isnardia suffruticosa

authorship: (Walter) Kuntze

Jussiaea erecta

authorship: Blanco

codes: ALA FLA GEO MXG MXT MXS NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 339 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners: Apis Bombus Vespidae

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 90


slug: ludwigia-virgata

scientific: Ludwigia virgata

authorship: Michx.

epithet: virgata

preferred: savannah primrose-willow

Isnardia virgata

authorship: DC.

Ludwigia juncea

authorship: Raf.

Ludwigia lutea

authorship: Bosc ex DC.

Ludwigia ramosissima

authorship: Roth

codes: ALA FLA GEO MSI NCA SCA VRG

Mississippi

code: MSI

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 278 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Michx.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 89


slug: luehea-candida

scientific: Luehea candida

authorship: (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Mart.

genus: Luehea

epithet: candida

family: Malvaceae

Alegria candida

authorship: Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

Luehea endopogon

authorship: Turcz.

Luehea mexicana

authorship: Spach

authorship: Spach ex Steud.

Luehea nobilis

authorship: Linden & Planch.

codes: MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Algodoncillo bonete

partners:
Cebus capucinus
Tachuda nefanda
Tapirella bairdii

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: Mart.

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1(4): 102

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: luehea-divaricata

scientific: Luehea divaricata

authorship: Mart.

epithet: divaricata

Alegria divaricata

authorship: (Mart.) Stuntz

Brotera mediterranea

authorship: Vell.

Thespesia brasiliensis

authorship: Spreng.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: AGE BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 449 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
Azota caballos
Caa-obetí

names: 庐椅木 马鞭麻

names:
Açoita-cavallo
Açoita cavalo

names: Люэя растопыренная

names: לוהיאה מפושקת

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus brasiliensis
Bombus pauloensis
Melipona quadrifasciata
Rutela lineola

partners:
Arsenura xanthopus
Pereute antodyca
Pereute swainsoni
Rhescyntis erythrinae
Sapajus libidinosus

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1(4): 101


slug: luehea-grandiflora

scientific: Luehea grandiflora

epithet: grandiflora

Luehea hoehnei

authorship: Burret

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: shrub or tree

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Açoita-cavalo-graúdo Ivitinga

partners:
Anoura caudifer
Chionomesa fimbriata
Eupetomena macroura
Glossophaga soricina
Leucochloris albicollis
NA NA
Phaethornis pretrei

partners:
Xylocopa frontalis
Xylocopa suspecta

partners:
Enchenopa gracilis
Guayaquila xiphias
Ramedia pauperata

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1(4): 99

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: luehea-ochrophylla

scientific: Luehea ochrophylla

epithet: ochrophylla

codes: BZN BZE BZL

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

published_in: Flora 24(2, Beibl.): 50

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: luehea-seemannii

scientific: Luehea seemannii

authorship: Triana & Planch.

epithet: seemannii

Luehea rufescens

authorship: Seem.

Luehea seemannii var. chocoensis

authorship: Cuatrec.

codes: MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Guácimo colorado
Malagano

partners:
Acutalis fusconervosa
Adippe inaequalis
Amastris angulata
Aphetea inconspicua
Bolbonota inaequalis
Bolbonota inconspicua
Bolbonota pictipennis
Bolbonota rufonotata

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: GIFT

value: evergreen

authors: Planch. & Triana

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 17: 348


slug: luehea-speciosa

scientific: Luehea speciosa

authorship: Willd.

epithet: speciosa

published_in: Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 410 (1801)

preferred: luehea

Apeiba ulmifolia

authorship: Kunth

Cedrela alternifolia

authorship: (Mill.) Steud.

Cedrus alternifolia

authorship: Mill.

Luehea alternifolia

authorship: (Mill.) Mabb.

Luehea rufescens

authorship: Benth.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN CLM COS ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Suriname

code: SUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Algodoncillo
Guácimo macho

names: cupuaçu-da-mata urucurana-cacau

partners:
Anoura geoffroyi
Glossophaga soricina

partners:
Alouatta belzebul
Calloconophora argentipennis
Cebus capucinus
Glossophaga soricina
Hylesia lineata

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin iii. (1801) 410

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: luetkea-pectinata

scientific: Luetkea pectinata

authorship: (Pursh) Kuntze

genus: Luetkea

epithet: pectinata

family: Rosaceae

preferred: Partridgefoot

english: Partridgefoot partridgefoot

Eriogynia pectinata

authorship: (Pursh) Hook.

Luetkea sibbaldioides

authorship: Bong.

Saxifraga pectinata

authorship: Pursh

Spiraea multifida

authorship: Ledeb.

Spiraea pectinata

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL IDA MNT NWT ORE WAS YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Yukon

code: YUK

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Eriogonum fasciculatum

slug: eriogonum-fasciculatum

names: 串绒花 鸡爪梅

names:
luetkéa pectiné
luetkéa pectinée

partners:
Bombus vancouverensis
Phyciodes tharos
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus melanopygus
Diptera
Halictus confusus
Halictus virgatellus

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: follicle

source: Wikidata


slug: luetzelburgia-andrade-limae

scientific: Luetzelburgia andrade-limae

genus: Luetzelburgia

epithet: andrade-limae

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Anais Congr. Soc. Bot. Brasil 34(2): 191 (1984)

codes: BZE BZL BZC

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

names: banha-de-galinha carne-d'anta

value: 8 m

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: luffa-acutangula

scientific: Luffa acutangula

authorship: Roxb.

genus: Luffa

epithet: acutangula

family: Cucurbitaceae

published_in: Hort. Bengal. 70. 1814

preferred: sinkwa towelsponge

Cucumis acutangulus

authorship: L.

Cucumis lineatus

authorship: Bosc

Cucumis operculatus

authorship: Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.

Cucurbita acutangula

authorship: (L.) Blume

Cucurbita umbellata

authorship: J.G.Klein ex Willd.

Luffa acutangula var. amara

authorship: (Roxb.) C.B.Clarke

Luffa acutangula var. forskalii

authorship: (Schweinf. ex Harms) Heiser & E.E.Schill.

Luffa cattu-picinna

authorship: Ser.

Luffa drastica

authorship: Mart.

Luffa foetida

authorship: Cav.

Luffa forskalii

authorship: Schweinf. ex Harms

Luffa kleinii

authorship: Wight & Arn.

Luffa tenera

authorship: Royle

Luffa umbellata

authorship: (J.G.Klein ex Willd.) M.Roem.

Momordica tubiflora

authorship: Wall.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sinkwa towelsponge
Chinese Okra

names: 丝瓜络 丝瓜花

names: لوف مضلع الثمر

names:
ljufa
Люффа остроребристая

names: tokado-hechima トカドヘチマ

names: Luffa acutangulé, Pipangaille, Papangaye, Pipangaye

names:
buap liam
บวบเหลี่ยม

partners:
Lasioglossum
Amata
Amegilla zonata
Apidae
Apis cercana
Appias
Catochrysops
Eurema hecabe

partners:
Lasioglossum
Alticini
Amata
Amegilla zonata
Apidae
Appias
Catochrysops
Eurema hecabe

partners:
Acherontia lachesis
Olepa ricini
Papilio polytes
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Sphenarches caffer
Spodoptera litura
Xylocopa fenestrata

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Luffa aphid-borne yellows virus
Luffa yellow mosaic virus
Melon yellow spot virus
Pseudomonas syringae

value: vine

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: liana

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

value: therophyte

value: 6 m

value: annual

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: luffa-aegyptiaca

scientific: Luffa aegyptiaca

authorship: Mill.

epithet: aegyptiaca

preferred: sponge gourd

Luffa cylindrica var. insularum

authorship: (A.Gray) Cogn.

Luffa fricatoria

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Luffa subangulata

authorship: Miq.

Momordica carinata

authorship: Vell.

Momordica reticulata

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ASS BAN EHM IND WHM

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: climbing annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1905 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

Choline

activities: Antialzheimeran Antichoreic Anticirrhotic Anticystinuric Antidementia Antidiabetic Antidyskinetic Antihomocysteine

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

names:
sponge gourd
Loofah, Plant sponge

names: Musú estropajo

names:
إسفنج نباتي
ليف مصري

names: Bucha Bucha-vegetal

names: Люффа цилиндрическая

names: ヘチマ 糸瓜

names: Schwammgurke Schwammkürbis

names:
Courge éponge
Eponge végétale, Liane torchon

names: மெழுகு பீர்க்கங்காய்

partners: Lepidoptera Papilionoidea

partners:
Papilionoidea
Alticini
Anthophila
Apis dorsata
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Coleoptera
Diabrotica undecimpunctata

partners:
Aphis gossypii
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Apis florea
Bemisia tabaci
Borbo cinnara
Ceratinidia
Chiroptera

partners: Ageratum conyzoides associated symptomless alphasatellite

partners: Ageratum conyzoides symptomless alphasatellite

partners: Dapple plum and peach fruit disease viroid

partners: Tomato leaf curl New Delhi alphasatellite

label: Growth habit

value: herb

value: non-woody

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: luffa-echinata

scientific: Luffa echinata

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: echinata

Luffa bondel

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Steud.

Momordica erinocarpa

authorship: Fenzl ex Naudin

codes: CMN CHA ETH MLI MTN NGR NGA SOM SUD ASS BAN IND PAK WHM

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Mali

code: MLI

region: West Tropical Africa

Mauritania

code: MTN

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Pakistan

code: PAK

climate: desert or dry shrubland

label: Woodiness

authors: Roxb.

published_in: Hort. Bengal. 104; Fl. Ind. iii. 716

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: luffa-quinquefida

scientific: Luffa quinquefida

authorship: Seem.

epithet: quinquefida

published_in: Bot. Voy. Herald : 285 (1856)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ball Luffa
Luffa

names: Buchinha Cabacinha

names: Люффа прикрытая

authors: Seem.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 7-8: 285

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: luina-hypoleuca

scientific: Luina hypoleuca

authorship: Benth.

genus: Luina

epithet: hypoleuca

family: Asteraceae

preferred: littleleaf silverback

Luina californica

authorship: Rydb.

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1118 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
littleleaf silverback
little-leaved luina

label: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Benth.

published_in: Hooker's Icon. Pl. 12: t. 1139


slug: luisia-brachystachys

scientific: Luisia brachystachys

authorship: (Lindl.) Blume

genus: Luisia

epithet: brachystachys

family: Orchidaceae

Luisia indivisa

authorship: King & Pantl.

Luisia siamensis

authorship: Rolfe ex Downie

Mesoclastes brachystachys

authorship: Lindl.

codes: CHC AND ASS BAN EHM LAO MYA NEP THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: epiphytic subshrub

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

value: chamaephyte

authors: Blume

published_in: Rumphia 4: 50

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: luisia-teres

scientific: Luisia teres

authorship: (Thunb.) Blume

epithet: teres

Epidendrum teres

authorship: Thunb.

Luisia botanensis

authorship: Fukuy.

Luisia fauriei

authorship: Schltr.

Luisia teres var. botanensis

authorship: (Fukuy.) T.P.Lin

Sedirisia liukiuensis

authorship: (Schltr.) J.M.H.Shaw

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 叉唇钗子股 金釵蘭

names: タカサゴボウラン ボウラン

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: luma-apiculata

scientific: Luma apiculata

authorship: (DC.) Burret

genus: Luma

epithet: apiculata

family: Myrtaceae

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem  16: 523 (1941)

preferred: shortleaf stopper

source: usda

Eugenia affinis

authorship: Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Eugenia apiculata

authorship: DC.

Eugenia cuspidata

authorship: Phil.

Eugenia gilliesii

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Eugenia hookeri

authorship: Steud.

Luma gilliesii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Burret

Luma hookeri

authorship: (Steud.) Burret

Luma spectabilis

authorship: (Phil.) Burret

Myrceugenella apiculata

authorship: (DC.) Kausel

Myrceugenella apiculata var. australis

authorship: Kausel

name: Myrceugenella apiculata var. nahulhuapensis

name: Myrceugenella apiculata var. spectabilis

authorship: (Phil.) Kausel

Myrceugenia apiculata

authorship: (DC.) Nied.

Myrtus chekenilla

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1771 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: arrayán collimamol

names: 尖叶龙袍木 澳洲香桃木

names:
myrtwydden Chile
Myrtwydd Chile

partners:
Allograpta pulchra
Apis mellifera
Bombus dahlbomii
Chauliognathus
Corynura patagonica
Corynura rubella
Dasydema hirtella
Megalybus crassus

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Chauliognathus
Melanostoma
Pseudoscaeva meridionalis
Aleocharinae
Allograpta decemmaculata
Allograpta pulchra

value: shrub

value: woody

value: nanophanerophyte

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 523


slug: luma-chequen

scientific: Luma chequen

authorship: (Molina) A.Gray

epithet: chequen

published_in: Char. New Gen. Polynesia : 7 (1853)

Eugenia chequen

authorship: Molina

Eugenia gayana

authorship: Barnéoud

Eugenia myrtomimeta

authorship: Diels

Luma gayana

authorship: (Barnéoud) Burret

Myrceugenella chequen

authorship: (Molina) Kausel

Myrceugenella chequen var. myrtomimeta

authorship: (Diels) Kausel

Myrceugenella gayana

authorship: (Barnéoud) Kausel

Myrtus chequen

authorship: (Molina) Spreng.

Myrtus gayana

authorship: (Barnéoud) O.Berg

Myrtus uliginosa

authorship: Miq.

codes: CLC CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 304 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cheken
white Chilean myrtle

names: Chequen arrayán

names: مورد شیلیایی سفید

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: tree

published_in: Cat. Pl. Vasc. Chil. 76

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lumnitzera-littorea

scientific: Lumnitzera littorea

authorship: (Jack) Voigt

genus: Lumnitzera

epithet: littorea

family: Combretaceae

published_in: Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. : 39 (1845)

Bruguiera littorea

authorship: (Jack) Steud.

Laguncularia coccinea

authorship: Gaudich.

Laguncularia haenkei

authorship: Endl.

Laguncularia pedicellata

authorship: Steud.

Lumnitzera coccinea

authorship: Wight & Arn.

Lumnitzera pentandra

authorship: Griff.

Lumnitzera purpurea

authorship: (Gaudich.) C.Presl

Petaloma coccinea

authorship: Blanco

Pyrrhanthus littoreus

authorship: Jack

codes: CHH AND BOR CBD JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE NTA QLD CRL FIJ GIL MRN MRS TON TUV VAN

Hainan

code: CHH

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Northern Territory

code: NTA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

Fiji

code: FIJ

region: Southwestern Pacific

Gilbert Is.

code: GIL

Marianas

code: MRN

Marshall Is.

code: MRS

Tonga

code: TON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 170 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Red-Flowered Black Mangrove
black mangrove

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lumnitzera-racemosa

scientific: Lumnitzera racemosa

authorship: Willd.

epithet: racemosa

published_in: Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin  4: 187 (1803)

preferred: white-flowered black mangrove

Bruguiera madagascariensis

authorship: DC.

Funckia karakandel

authorship: Dennst.

Jussiaea racemosa

authorship: Rottler ex DC.

Lumnitzera edulis

authorship: Blume ex Laness.

Lumnitzera racemosa var. pubescens

authorship: Koord. & Valeton

Petaloma albiflora

authorship: Zipp. ex Span.

Petaloma alternifolia

authorship: Roxb.

Pokornya ettingshausenii

authorship: Montrouz.

Problastes cuneifolia

authorship: Reinw.

Pyrrhanthus albus

authorship: Wall.

codes: ALD CGS COM KEN NAT MDG MOZ SEY TAN CHS CHH KOR NNS TAI AND BAN BOR CBD IND JAW LSI MLY MDV MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SCS SRL SUL SUM THA VIE NTA QLD WAU NWC VAN

Aldabra

code: ALD

region: Western Indian Ocean

Chagos Archipelago

code: CGS

Comoros

code: COM

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

region: Southern Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Seychelles

code: SEY

Tanzania

code: TAN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maldives

code: MDV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1581 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

partners:
Dryadomorpha pallida
Hypolycaena phorbas
Aonidiella orientalis
Hemiberlesia lataniae
Hypochrysops apelles
Hypochrysops narcissus
Trabala vishnou

published_in: Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin iv. (1803) 187


slug: lunaria-annua

scientific: Lunaria annua

authorship: L.

genus: Lunaria

epithet: annua

family: Brassicaceae

preferred: Annual Honesty

english:
Annual Honesty
annual honesty
honesty

source: inat

Lunaria annua f. dalmatica

authorship: Beck

Lunaria annua f. elliptica

authorship: (Schur) Beck

Lunaria biennis

authorship: Moench

Lunaria biennis var. elliptica

authorship: Schur

Lunaria corcyrea

authorship: Borbás

Lunaria inodora

authorship: Lam.

Lunaria pachyrrhiza f. dalmatica

authorship: (Beck) Trinajstić

name: Lunaria pachyrrhiza f. longecarpophorata

authorship: Trinajstić

Viola lunaria

authorship: Garsault

codes: ALB BUL FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG ROM SPA SWI

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

region: Middle Europe

lifeform: biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2075 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
honesty
annual honesty

names:
Lunaria
Monedas del Papa

names: 银扇草 銀扇草

names: Cetim-branco Dinheiro-do-papa

names: Лунник однолетний

names: ギンセンソウ ゴウダソウ

names:
monnaie du pape
Herbe aux écus

names:
Erba d'argento
Erba luna

names: judaspenning Tuinjudaspenning

names: Місячниця садова

names:
Höbräken
Judas silverpenningar

names:
měsíčnice roční
mesa

names:
Håret skjordbregne
Judaspenge

partners:
Andrena afrensis
Andrena agilissima
Andrena distinguenda
Andrena floricola
Andrena florivaga
Andrena lagopus
Andrena niveata
Andrena ranunculorum

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Rhingia campestris
Anthocharis cardamines
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombylius major
Eupeodes luniger

label: Visited by

partners:
Albugo candida
Andrena gravida
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora plumipes
Closterotomus biclavatus
Eupeodes luniger
Helophilus pendulus
Meliscaeva auricollis

partners:
Pieris rapae
Anthocharis cardamines
Pieris brassicae
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser

partners:
Albugo candida
Erysiphe cruciferarum

partners:
Albugo candida
Aphanomyces raphani

source: USDA PLANTS


slug: lunaria-rediviva

scientific: Lunaria rediviva

epithet: rediviva

preferred: Perennial Honesty

english:
Perennial Honesty
perennial honesty

source: wikidata

Crucifera rediviva

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

codes: ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN FRA GER HUN ITA YUG RUW POL ROM SIC SPA SWE SWI UKR

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

Sicilia

code: SIC

Sweden

code: SWE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2059 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лунник оживающий

names:
Ausdauerndes Silberblatt
Ausdauernde Mondviole

names:
Lunaire vivace
Lunaire vivace, Lunaire odorante

names:
Місячниця гірська
Місячниця оживаюча

names:
Vild månviol
ikikuuruoho

names:
erdei holdviola
évelő holdviola

names:
Ružičasta mjesečnica
Srebrenka

partners:
Pieris brassicae
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Anthocharis cardamines
Aulacorthum solani


slug: lundellianthus-breedlovei

scientific: Lundellianthus breedlovei

authorship: (B.L.Turner) Strother

genus: Lundellianthus

epithet: breedlovei

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

region: Mexico

authors: (B.L.Turner) Strother


slug: lundia-longa

scientific: Lundia longa

authorship: (Vell.) DC.

genus: Lundia

epithet: longa

family: Bignoniaceae

Bignonia gaudichaudii

authorship: DC.

Bignonia longa

authorship: Vell.

Bignonia multiflora

authorship: Salzm. ex DC.

Exsertanthera longa

authorship: (Vell.) Pichon

Lundia acuminata

authorship: Decne.

Lundia cordata var. macrophylla

authorship: Glaz.

Phryganocydia longa

authorship: Mart. ex DC.

codes: BZE BZL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: DC.


slug: lunularia-cruciata

scientific: Lunularia cruciata

authorship: (L.) Dumort. ex Lindb.

genus: Lunularia

epithet: cruciata

family: Lunulariaceae

published_in: Musci Novi Scand.: 298. 1868.

preferred: Crescent-cup liverwort

Cyathophora cucullata

authorship: (Nees & Mont.) Kuntze

Dichominum cruciatum

authorship: (L.) Trevis.

Dichominum vulgare

authorship: Trevis.

Lunularia cruciata f. thaxteri

authorship: (A.Evans & Herzog) Hässel

Lunularia dillenii

authorship: Le Jol.

Lunularia thaxteri

authorship: A.Evans & Herzog

Lunularia vulgaris

authorship: Raddi

Lunularia vulgaris f. gemmipara

authorship: Gottsche & Rabenh.

Marchantia cruciata

authorship: L.

Marchantia laevis

authorship: Wilson ex Hook.

Marsilia cruciata

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Preissia cucullata

authorship: Nees & Mont.

Staurophora pulchella

authorship: Willd.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2025 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Conocephalum conicum

slug: conocephalum-conicum

species: Marchantia polymorpha

slug: marchantia-polymorpha

names: Лунулярия крестовидная

names:
Lunulaire
Lunulaire en croix

names: סהרונית הצלב

partners:
Loreleia marchantiae
Loreleia postii


slug: lupinus-affinis

scientific: Lupinus affinis

genus: Lupinus

epithet: affinis

preferred: fleshy lupine

Lupinus affinis var. carnosulus

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

Lupinus carnosulus

authorship: Greene

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 143 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

published_in: Syn. Lupini 20


slug: lupinus-albescens

scientific: Lupinus albescens

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: albescens

Lupinus incanus

authorship: Graham

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: AGE BZS PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

authors: Hook. & Arn.

published_in: Bot. Misc. 3: 201


slug: lupinus-albicaulis

scientific: Lupinus albicaulis

authorship: Douglas

epithet: albicaulis

preferred: sicklekeel lupine

Lupinus albicaulis var. shastensis

authorship: (A.Heller) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus falcifer

authorship: Nutt.

Lupinus formosus var. bridgesii

authorship: (S.Watson) Greene

Lupinus gormanii

authorship: Piper

Lupinus laxiflorus

authorship: Torr.

Lupinus ochroleucus

authorship: Eastw.

Lupinus silvestris

authorship: Drew

codes: CAL ORE WAS

Washington

code: WAS

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sicklekeel Lupine
pine lupine

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Andrena buckelli
Bombus californicus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus
Bombus sitkensis
Bombus vosnesenskii
Lasioglossum reasbeckae

partners:
Bombus crotchii
Bombus mixtus
Bombus morrisoni
Bombus vosnesenskii
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus jonellus
Bombus melanopygus

label: Growth form

value: Single Crown

label: Growth rate

value: rapid

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: green

label: Flower colour


slug: lupinus-albifrons

scientific: Lupinus albifrons

authorship: Benth.

epithet: albifrons

published_in: Trans. Hort. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1: 410 (1834 publ. 1835)

preferred: Silver Bush Lupine

english:
Silver Bush Lupine
silver lupine

Lupinus albifrons subsp. eminens

authorship: (Greene) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus albifrons var. eminens

authorship: (Greene) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus brittonii

authorship: Abrams

Lupinus collinus

authorship: (Greene) A.Heller

Lupinus douglasii var. fallax

authorship: (Greene) J.T.Howell

Lupinus excubitus subsp. austromontanus

authorship: (A.Heller) R.M.Beauch.

Lupinus excubitus subsp. hallii

authorship: (Abrams) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus excubitus subsp. medius

authorship: (Jeps.) R.M.Beauch.

Lupinus excubitus var. hallii

authorship: (Abrams) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus excubitus var. medius

authorship: (Jeps.) Munz

Lupinus grayi var. medius

authorship: (Jeps.) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus paynei

authorship: Davidson

codes: CAL MXN ORE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

species: Lythrum salicaria

slug: lythrum-salicaria

names:
silver lupine
Silver Bush Lupine

names: Люпин белолобый

label: Pollinated by

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera

partners:
Bombus vosnesenskii
Bombus crotchii
Bombus melanopygus
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
Lasioglossum
Pieris rapae
Vanessa cardui
Anthidium maculosum

partners:
Bombus crotchii
Curranops apicalis
Hippodamia convergens
Oxyopes scalaris
Phaneroptera nana
Scaeva affinis
Uresiphita reversalis
Xylocopa sonorina

label: Eaten by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus californicus
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Chionodes braunella
Coccinella californica
Colladonus commissus
Glaucopsyche lygdamus

source: GIFT

value: subshrub

label: Photosynthetic pathway

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: lupinus-albus

scientific: Lupinus albus

authorship: L.

epithet: albus

preferred: White Lupin

english:
White Lupin
white lupine

Lupinus albus f. libkindae

authorship: Kurl. & Stank.

Lupinus albus prol. termis

authorship: (Forssk.) Rouy

Lupinus albus subsp. graceus

authorship: (Boiss. & Spruner) Franco & P.Silva

Lupinus albus subsp. termis

authorship: (Forssk.) Menezes

authorship: (Forssk.) Cout.

Lupinus albus var. graecus

authorship: (Boiss. & Spruner) Gladst.

Lupinus albus var. termis

authorship: (Forssk.) Alef.

Lupinus albus var. vulgaris

authorship: Alef.

Lupinus argyraeus

authorship: DC.

Lupinus graecus

authorship: Boiss. & Spruner

Lupinus hirsutus subsp. termis

authorship: (Forssk.) Bonnier & Layens

Lupinus prolifer

authorship: Desr.

Lupinus sativus

authorship: Gaterau

Lupinus termis

authorship: Forssk.

Lupinus thermis

authorship: Gasp.

Lupinus varius

authorship: Gaertn.

codes: EAI TUR ALB BUL GRC KRI YUG SIC TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 209 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Erucic-acid

activities: Antitumor Lubricant

Lupanine

activities: Hypoglycemic Molluscicide Pesticide

label: Least Concern

names:
White Lupin
European white lupin

names:
Altramuz blanco
Chocho blanco

names: Tremoçeiro-branco lupino-branco

names:
Weisse Lupine
Weiß-Lupine

names:
Lupin blanc
Lupin blanc, Lupin d'Égypte

names:
Turmous lavan
תורמוס לבן

partners:
Andrena gelriae
Andrena intermedia
Andrena labialis
Andrena similis
Andrena wilkella
Anthidium loti
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora aestivalis

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Andrena gelriae
Andrena intermedia
Andrena labialis
Andrena similis
Andrena wilkella
Anthidium loti
Anthidium manicatum

partners:
Aeolothrips ericae
Aphis craccivora
Bruchidius villosus
Callophrys rubi
Carpocoris purpureipennis
Celastrina argiolus
Charagmus gressorius
Charagmus griseus

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-alopecuroides

scientific: Lupinus alopecuroides

epithet: alopecuroides

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

authors: Desr.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 3(2): 626

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-altimontanus

scientific: Lupinus altimontanus

epithet: altimontanus

published_in: Spec. Lupinorum : 152 (1940)

Bolivia

code: BOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 197 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Spec. Lupinorum 152

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-ammophilus

scientific: Lupinus ammophilus

authorship: Greene

epithet: ammophilus

preferred: sand lupine

Lupinus crassus

authorship: Payson

Lupinus polyphyllus var. ammophilus

authorship: (Greene) Barneby

codes: COL NWM UTA

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Greene

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-andersonii

scientific: Lupinus andersonii

epithet: andersonii

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 58 (1871)

preferred: Anderson's lupine

Lupinus indigoticus

authorship: Eastw.

codes: CAL NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Icaricia icarioides
Satyrium fuliginosa

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 58

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-angustiflorus

scientific: Lupinus angustiflorus

epithet: angustiflorus

preferred: narrowflower lupine

Lupinus andersonii var. christinae

authorship: (A.Heller) Munz

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 198 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Eastw.

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 226


slug: lupinus-angustifolius

scientific: Lupinus angustifolius

authorship: L.

epithet: angustifolius

preferred: narrowleaf lupine

Lupinus angustifolius f. belorussicus

authorship: Kurl. & Stank.

Lupinus angustifolius f. confertus

authorship: Kloczko & Kurl.

Lupinus angustifolius f. deramosus

authorship: Taran. & Buschueva ex Kurl. & Stank.

Lupinus angustifolius prol. cryptanthus

authorship: (Shuttlew.) Rouy

Lupinus angustifolius prol. linifolius

authorship: (Roth) Rouy

name: Lupinus angustifolius subsp. brachystachys

authorship: Batt. & Trab.

name: Lupinus angustifolius subsp. cryptanthus

authorship: (Shuttlew.) P.Fourn.

name: Lupinus angustifolius subsp. leucospermus

authorship: (Boiss.) Cout.

Lupinus angustifolius subsp. linifolius

authorship: (Roth) Arcang.

authorship: (Roth) Batt. & Trab.

name: Lupinus angustifolius subsp. reticulatus

authorship: (Desv.) Arcang.

name: Lupinus angustifolius subvar. albosyringeus

authorship: Taran. ex Kurl. & Stank.

Lupinus angustifolius subvar. candidus

authorship: Kuptzov & Kurl.

name: Lupinus angustifolius subvar. maissurianii

name: Lupinus angustifolius subvar. rhodanthus

name: Lupinus angustifolius var. albopunctatus

name: Lupinus angustifolius var. albosyringeus

Lupinus angustifolius var. cryptanthus

authorship: (Shuttlew.) Fiori & Paol.

name: Lupinus angustifolius var. griseomaculatatus

Lupinus angustifolius var. linifolius

authorship: (Roth) Batt.

Lupinus angustifolius var. reticulatus

authorship: (Desv.) Rouy

name: Lupinus angustifolius var. sparsiusculus

Lupinus canaliculatus

authorship: Sweet

Lupinus cryptanthus

authorship: Shuttlew.

Lupinus leucospermus

authorship: Boiss.

Lupinus linifolius

authorship: Roth

Lupinus maissuriani

authorship: Atabek. & Polukhina

Lupinus opsianthus

authorship: Amabekova & Maisuran

Lupinus reticulatus

authorship: Desv.

Lupinus reticulatus subsp. linifolius

authorship: (Roth) Nyman

Lupinus sylvestris

authorship: Lam.

codes: EGY LBY MOR TUN EAI LBS PAL ALB BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1931 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lupin a folioles etroites
Lupin réticulé

partners:
Acanthoscelides obtectus
Andrena gelriae
Andrena intermedia
Andrena labialis
Andrena similis
Andrena wilkella
Anthidium loti
Anthidium manicatum

partners:
Anthophora
Bombus
Bombus terrestris
Rhodanthidium
Acanthoscelides obtectus
Andrena flavipes
Andrena gelriae
Andrena intermedia

partners:
Bruchus rufimanus
Cuerna costalis
Macrosiphum albifrons
Melanchra persicariae
Aeolothrips ericae
Aeolothrips fasciatus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Anaphothrips obscurus


slug: lupinus-arboreus

scientific: Lupinus arboreus

authorship: Sims

epithet: arboreus

preferred: coastal bush lupine

english:
coastal bush lupine
yellow bush lupine

Lupinus arboreus var. eximius

authorship: (Davy) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus eximius

authorship: Davy

Lupinus macrocarpus

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Lupinus propinquus

authorship: Greene

Lupinus sericeus

authorship: Eschsch.

codes: CAL MXN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1973 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellow bush lupine
Tree Lupin

names: 加州羽扇豆 树羽扇豆

names:
Lupin
Lupin arboré, Lupin arborescent

names:
coeden bysedd y blaidd
Coeden Bys y Blaidd

partners:
Auca coctei
Bombus dahlbomii
Hylephila fasciolata

partners:
Bombus vosnesenskii
Bombus californicus
Bombus terrestris
Danaus plexippus
Icaricia icarioides
Papilio zelicaon
Pyrobombus
Andrena (Andrena)

partners:
Anthidium manicatum
Arctia tigrina
Argyrotaenia franciscana
Bibio necotus
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Calypte anna
Charagmus gressorius

label: Parasites

partners:
Erysiphe trifolii var. intermedia
Gibberella pulicaris

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

value: Single Stem

value: moderate

label: Height

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)


slug: lupinus-arbustus

scientific: Lupinus arbustus

authorship: Douglas

epithet: arbustus

preferred: longspur lupine

Lupinus arbustus subsp. calcaratus

authorship: (Kellogg) D.B.Dunn

name: Lupinus arbustus subsp. pseudoparviflorus

authorship: (Rydb.) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus arbustus subsp. silvicola

authorship: (A.Heller) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus arbustus var. calcaratus

authorship: (Kellogg) S.L.Welsh

Lupinus arbustus var. montanus

authorship: (Howell) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus caesius

authorship: Eastw.

Lupinus calcaratus

authorship: Kellogg

Lupinus laxiflorus var. arbustus

authorship: (Douglas) M.E.Jones

Lupinus laxiflorus var. calcaratus

authorship: (Kellogg) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus laxiflorus var. montanus

authorship: Howell

Lupinus laxiflorus var. multitinctus

authorship: (A.Nelson) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton

name: Lupinus laxiflorus var. pseudoparviflorus

authorship: (Rydb.) C.P.Sm. & H.St.John

Lupinus laxispicatus

authorship: Rydb.

Lupinus sulphureus subsp. whithamii

authorship: (C.P.Sm.) L.Ll.Phillips

codes: BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE UTA WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 453 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
longspur lupine
Crest Lupine

partners:
Bombus vosnesenskii
Andrena nivalis
Bombus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus huntii

label: Growth habit

value: herb

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: lupinus-arcticus

scientific: Lupinus arcticus

epithet: arcticus

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 526 (1873)

preferred: arctic lupine

Lupinus arcticus f. albus

authorship: Cody

Lupinus arcticus subsp. canadensis

authorship: (C.P.Sm.) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus arcticus var. subalpinus

authorship: (Piper & B.L.Rob.) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus nootkatensis var. kjellmanii

authorship: Ostenf.

Lupinus polyphyllus subsp. arcticus

authorship: (S.Watson) L.Ll.Phillips

authorship: (S.Watson) E.Phillips

Lupinus relictus

authorship: Hultén

Lupinus subalpinus

authorship: Piper & B.L.Rob.

Lupinus volcanicus

authorship: Greene

codes: ASK BRC NWT NUN YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Yukon

code: YUK

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1665 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
arktika hundiuba
arktika lupiin

partners:
Andrena w-scripta
Apis mellifera
Bombus bifarius
Bombus californicus
Bombus fernaldae
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus impatiens
Bombus melanopygus

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus
Bombus occidentalis
Bombus ternarius

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus frigidus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus nevadensis
Bombus vancouverensis nearcticus
Chilocorus bipustulatus
Coccinella trifasciata
Formica neorufibarbis

partners:
Bombus mixtus
Icaricia icarioides
Lagopus muta
Lepus americanus

partners:
Chrysocharis amyite
Chrysocharis longicoxa

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

value: Multiple Stem

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: lupinus-argenteus

scientific: Lupinus argenteus

authorship: Pursh

epithet: argenteus

preferred: Silver-stem Lupine

english:
Silver-stem Lupine
Silvery Lupine
silvery lupine

Lupinus alpestris var. argentatus

authorship: (Rydb.) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus argenteus subsp. ingratus

authorship: (Greene) Harmon

Lupinus argenteus subsp. moabensis

authorship: D.B.Dunn & Harmon ex S.L.Welsh

Lupinus argenteus subsp. parviflorus

authorship: (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) L.Ll.Phillips

Lupinus argenteus subsp. rubricaulis

authorship: (Greene) L.W.Hess & D.B.Dunn

Lupinus argenteus var. argentatus

authorship: (Rydb.) Barneby

Lupinus argenteus var. boreus

authorship: (C.P.Sm.) S.L.Welsh

Lupinus argenteus var. decumbens

authorship: (Torr.) S.Watson

Lupinus argenteus var. sericea

authorship: Cockerell

Lupinus argenteus var. stenophyllus

authorship: (Rydb.) Davis

authorship: (Rydb.) R.J.Davis

Lupinus argenteus var. tenellus

authorship: (Douglas ex G.Don) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus candidissimus

authorship: Eastw.

Lupinus caudatus var. rubricaulis

authorship: (Greene) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus decumbens

authorship: Torr.

Lupinus foliosus

authorship: Hook.

Lupinus fulvomaculatus

authorship: Payson

Lupinus jonesii

authorship: Blank.

Lupinus laxiflorus

authorship: Douglas ex Lindl.

Lupinus laxiflorus var. corymbosus

authorship: (A.Heller) Jeps.

Lupinus laxiflorus var. foliosus

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Lupinus laxiflorus var. tenellus

authorship: (Douglas ex G.Don) Torr. & A.Gray

Lupinus ornatus

authorship: Newb.

Lupinus parviflorus

authorship: Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.

Lupinus parviflorus var. complicatus

authorship: Kuntze

Lupinus parviflorus var. fulvomaculatus

authorship: (Payson) Harmon

Lupinus tenellus

authorship: Douglas ex G.Don

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXE MXN MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL ORE SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Nebraska

code: NEB

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1968 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Люпин серебристый

partners:
Adelphocoris
Agriades glandon
Andrena amphibola
Andrena miranda
Andrena saccata
Andrena sp.
Anthomyiidae sp.
Anthophora terminalis

partners:
Bombus centralis
Bombus huntii
Bombus rufocinctus
Albuna pyramidalis
Andrena milwaukeensis
Anthophora terminalis
Bombus bifarius
Bombus vancouverensis nearcticus

partners:
Celastrina argiolus
Icaricia icarioides
Pieris marginalis
Strymon melinus


slug: lupinus-aridorum

scientific: Lupinus aridorum

authorship: McFarlin ex Beckner

epithet: aridorum

Lupinus westianus var. aridorum

authorship: (McFarlin ex Beckner) Isely

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

lifeform: biennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gulf Coast lupine
scrub lupine

partners: Apis Bombus

authors: McFarlin ex Beckner

published_in: Phytologia 50: 209 (-210), fig


slug: lupinus-arizonicus

scientific: Lupinus arizonicus

authorship: (S.Watson) S.Watson

epithet: arizonicus

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 250 (1877)

preferred: Arizona lupine

Lupinus arizonicus var. barbatulus

authorship: (Thornber) I.M.Johnst.

Lupinus brevior

authorship: (Jeps.) J.A.Christian & D.B.Dunn

Lupinus concinnus var. brevior

authorship: (Jeps.) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus sparsiflorus var. arizonicus

authorship: (S.Watson) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus sparsiflorus var. barbatulus

authorship: Thornber

Lupinus sparsiflorus var. brevior

authorship: Jeps.

Lupinus subhirsutus

authorship: Davidson

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2039 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Люпин аризонский

partners:
Apis mellifera
Coccinella septempunctata
Cysteodemus armatus
Eupompha elegans
Hyles lineata
Leptotes marina
Lytta auriculata
Lytta magister

label: Life cycle

value: annual

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xii. (1877) 250


slug: lupinus-aschenbornii

scientific: Lupinus aschenbornii

epithet: aschenbornii

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-aureonitens

scientific: Lupinus aureonitens

authorship: Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

epithet: aureonitens

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Gillies

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-barbiger

scientific: Lupinus barbiger

epithet: barbiger

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 528 (1873)

preferred: bearded lupine

Lupinus pusillus var. barbiger

authorship: (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh

codes: ARI UTA

Utah

code: UTA

value: perennial

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 528

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: lupinus-benthamii

scientific: Lupinus benthamii

epithet: benthamii

published_in: Muhlenbergia 2: 61 (1905)

preferred: spider lupine

Lupinus leptophyllus

authorship: Benth.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 388 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Muhlenbergia 2: 61


slug: lupinus-bicolor

scientific: Lupinus bicolor

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: bicolor

preferred: Miniature Lupine

english:
Miniature Lupine
miniature lupine

Lupinus bicolor subsp. microphyllus

authorship: (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus bicolor subsp. pipersmithii

authorship: (A.Heller) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus bicolor subsp. tridentatus

authorship: (Eastw. ex C.P.Sm.) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus bicolor subsp. umbellatus

authorship: (Greene) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus bicolor var. pipersmithii

authorship: (A.Heller) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus bicolor var. rostratus

authorship: (Eastw.) Jeps.

Lupinus bicolor var. tridentatus

authorship: Eastw. ex C.P.Sm.

Lupinus bicolor var. umbellatus

authorship: (Greene) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus congdonii

authorship: (C.P.Sm.) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus hirsutulus

authorship: Greene

Lupinus inamoenus

authorship: Greene ex C.F.Baker

Lupinus micranthus

authorship: Douglas

Lupinus micranthus var. bicolor

authorship: (Lindl.) S.Watson

Lupinus polycarpus var. grandiflorus

authorship: Davidson & Moxley

Lupinus rostratus

authorship: Eastw.

Lupinus strigulosus

authorship: Gand.

Lupinus trifidus

authorship: Torr. ex S.Watson

codes: ARI BRC CAL MXI MXN ORE WAS

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

names:
miniature lupine
Lindley's lupine

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus californicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Osmia tristella

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus vosnesenskii
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus crotchii
Bombus ternarius
Coenonympha california california
Cordylospasta
Dialictus
Glaucopsyche lygdamus

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Callipepla californica
Chlosyne palla
Coccinella californica
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
Halictus tripartitus
Icaricia icarioides missionensis


slug: lupinus-bogotensis

scientific: Lupinus bogotensis

authorship: Benth.

epithet: bogotensis

codes: BOL CLM ECU

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

names:
Ashpa chocho
Chinchil

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus funebris

value: shrub

value: woody

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 168

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: lupinus-bracteolaris

scientific: Lupinus bracteolaris

authorship: Desr.

epithet: bracteolaris

Lupinus tenuifolius

authorship: Arechav.

codes: AGE BZS URU

Brazil South

code: BZS

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 3(2): 622

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-brevicaulis

scientific: Lupinus brevicaulis

epithet: brevicaulis

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 53 (1871)

preferred: shortstem lupine

Lupinus scaposus

authorship: Rydb.

codes: ARI CAL COL MXE MXN NEV NWM ORE UTA WYO

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 286 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
shortstem lupine
sand lupine

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 53

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: lupinus-breweri

scientific: Lupinus breweri

epithet: breweri

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 334 (1868)

preferred: Brewer's Lupine

english:
Brewer's Lupine
Brewer's lupine
Mat Lupine

Lupinus tegeticulatus var. grandiflorus

authorship: (C.P.Sm.) Barneby

name: Lupinus tegeticulatus var. tegeticulatus

codes: ARI CAL COL NEV NWM ORE UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 374 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Brewer's lupine
Mat Lupine

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus vosnesenskii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vii. (1868) 334

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: lupinus-burkei

scientific: Lupinus burkei

epithet: burkei

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 525 (1873)

preferred: largeleaf lupine

Lupinus polyphyllus var. burkei

authorship: (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc.

codes: BRC IDA MNT NEV ORE WAS WYO

British Columbia

code: BRC

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 173 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
largeleaf lupine
Burke's Lupine

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 525

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: lupinus-cacuminis

scientific: Lupinus cacuminis

authorship: Standl.

epithet: cacuminis

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 79 (1940)

authors: Standl.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-caudatus

scientific: Lupinus caudatus

authorship: Kellogg

epithet: caudatus

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 197 (1863)

preferred: tailcup lupine

Lupinus argenteus var. argophyllus

authorship: (A.Gray) S.Watson

Lupinus argenteus var. heteranthus

authorship: (S.Watson) Barneby

Lupinus argenteus var. montigenus

authorship: (A.Heller) Barneby

Lupinus argophyllus

authorship: (A.Gray) Cockerell

Lupinus caespitosus var. argophyllus

authorship: (A.Gray) S.L.Welsh

Lupinus caudatus subsp. argophyllus

authorship: (A.Gray) L.Ll.Phillips

Lupinus caudatus subsp. cutleri

authorship: (Eastw.) L.W.Hess & D.B.Dunn

Lupinus laxiflorus var. argophyllus

authorship: (A.Gray) M.E.Jones

Lupinus utahensis

authorship: Moldenke

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA MNT NEV NWM NDA ORE UTA WYO

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tailcup lupine
Kellogg's Spurred Lupine

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Lycaeides melissa

label: Visited by

partners:
Bombus huntii
Bombus pensylvanicus
Megachile frigida

partners:
Bombus morrisoni
Icaricia icarioides

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-cervinus

scientific: Lupinus cervinus

epithet: cervinus

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 229 (1863)

preferred: Santa Lucia lupine

Lupinus latissimus

authorship: Greene

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Kellogg

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 229, t. 73

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-chamissonis

scientific: Lupinus chamissonis

authorship: Eschsch.

epithet: chamissonis

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 10: 288 (1826)

preferred: Chamisso bush lupine

Lupinus chamissonis var. calvescens

authorship: Wawra

Lupinus douglasii

authorship: Torr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1473 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chamisso bush lupine
Dune Lupine

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Bombus rufocinctus
Icaricia icarioides moroensis
Pyrobombus

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus rufocinctus
Dasineura lupinorum
Neoterpes edwardsata

partners:
Argyrotaenia franciscana
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Chionodes lophosella
Icaricia icarioides
Icaricia icarioides moroensis
Pyrobombus
Syncopacma metadesma

authors: Eschsch.


slug: lupinus-clarkei

scientific: Lupinus clarkei

authorship: Oerst.

epithet: clarkei

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1853: 1 (1853)

codes: COS HON PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

authors: Oerst.

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn (1853) 1

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-colombiensis

scientific: Lupinus colombiensis

epithet: colombiensis

published_in: Spec. Lupinorum : 414 (1944)

Colombia

code: CLM

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

published_in: Spec. Lupinorum 414


slug: lupinus-concinnus

scientific: Lupinus concinnus

epithet: concinnus

published_in: Syn. Lupini : 6 (1835)

preferred: bajada lupine

Lupinus concinnus subsp. optatus

authorship: (C.P.Sm.) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus concinnus subsp. orcuttii

authorship: (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn

Lupinus concinnus var. agardhianus

authorship: (A.Heller) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus concinnus var. orcuttii

authorship: (S.Watson) C.P.Sm.

Lupinus pallidus

authorship: Brandegee

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV NWM TEX UTA

California

code: CAL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1972 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Callophrys dumetorum
Cysteodemus armatus
Lytta magister

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

published_in: Syn. Lupini 6


slug: lupinus-conicus

scientific: Lupinus conicus

epithet: conicus

published_in: Spec. Lupinorum : 259 (1941)

codes: BOL PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Peru

code: PER

label: Data Deficient

published_in: Spec. Lupinorum 259

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lupinus-cosentinii

scientific: Lupinus cosentinii

authorship: Guss.

epithet: cosentinii

Lupinus consentini

authorship: Walp.

Lupinus pilosus prol. cosentinii

authorship: (Guss.) Rouy

Lupinus pilosus subsp. cosentinii

authorship: (Guss.) P.Fourn.

Lupinus pilosus var. cosentinii

authorship: (Guss.) Briq.

authorship: (Guss.) Rouy & Foucaud

Lupinus pilosus var. velutinus

authorship: Maire

Lupinus varius

authorship: sensu L., p.p.A

Lupinus velutinus

authorship: Pau

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN COR ITA POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1060 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hairy blue lupin
Hairy lupin

names: ترمس قسنطيني

partners:
Camponotus micans
Lampides boeticus

label: Fruit type

value: pod


slug: lupinus-costaricensis

scientific: Lupinus costaricensis

epithet: costaricensis

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 722 (1980 publ. 1981)

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 722, fig


slug: lupinus-covillei

scientific: Lupinus covillei

authorship: Greene

epithet: covillei

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 365 (1892 publ. 1893)

preferred: shaggy lupine

Lupinus gracilentus var. covillei

authorship: (Greene) D.W.Taylor

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
shaggy lupine
shaggy lupine.

label: Growth form

label: Growth rate

label: Foliage colour

label: Flower colour

value: blue

label: Bloom period

value: Late Summer

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 365


slug: lupinus-croceus

scientific: Lupinus croceus

authorship: Eastw.

epithet: croceus

preferred: saffron-flowered lupine

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 151 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
saffron-flowered lupine
Mt. Eddy Lupine

label: Eaten by

label: Photosynthetic pathway

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 126