slug: castanopsis-fargesii

scientific: Castanopsis fargesii

epithet: fargesii

Pasania ischnostachya

authorship: Hu

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 312 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 高山栲 栲

partners:
Choerospondias axillaris
Primates

authors: Franch.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castanopsis-fissa

scientific: Castanopsis fissa

authorship: Rehder & E.H.Wilson

genus: Castanopsis

epithet: fissa

family: Fagaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Castanea regia

authorship: Hance

Castanopsis fissoides

authorship: Chun & C.C.Huang

Castanopsis tunkinensis

authorship: (Drake) Barnett

Lithocarpus fissus

authorship: (Champ.) A.Camus

Lithocarpus fissus subsp. tunkinensis

authorship: (Drake) A.Camus

Pasania fissa

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Oerst.

Pasania fissa var. tunkinensis

authorship: (Drake) Hickel & A.Camus

Quercus fissa

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

Quercus tunkinensis

authorship: Drake

Shiia fissa

authorship: (Champ.) Kudô

Synaedrys fissa

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Koidz.

Synaedrys tunkinensis

authorship: (Drake) Koidz.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHS CHH LAO THA VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

Laos

code: LAO

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 344 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: 大叶栗 黧蒴栲

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acrocercops melanoplecta
Adoxophyes orana
Adoxophyes privatana
Amata acrospila
Archips micaceana
Arctornis anserella
Cyclosia papilionaris
Homona tabescens

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson

published_in: Pl. Wilson. (Sargent) 3(2): 203

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: castanopsis-formosana

scientific: Castanopsis formosana

authorship: (Skan) Hayata

epithet: formosana

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 189 (1913)

Castanopsis tribuloides var. formosana

authorship: Skan

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 184 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 校力 海南栲樹

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 189

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: phenology

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castanopsis-indica

scientific: Castanopsis indica

authorship: (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A.DC.

epithet: indica

Castanea indica

authorship: Roxb. ex Lindl.

authorship: Roxb.

Castanopsis subacuminata

authorship: Hayata

Quercus acutissima subsp. roxburghii

authorship: (Endl.) A.Camus

Quercus acutissima var. roxburghii

authorship: (Endl.) Schottky

Quercus dubia

authorship: Lindl.

Quercus indica

authorship: (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Drake

Quercus prinodes

authorship: Voigt

Quercus roxburghii

authorship: Endl.

Quercus serrata var. roxburghii

authorship: (Endl.) A.DC.

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI CHT ASS BAN EHM LAO MYA NEP THA VIE

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 256 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Indian-chestnut oak-chestnut

names: 印度栲 印度苦櫧

partners:
Acrocercops unistriata
Acytolepis puspa
Antigius attilia
Antigius butleri
Arhopala japonica
Celastrina argiolus
Chrysozephyrus brillantinus
Chrysozephyrus hisamatsusanus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Andricus kollari
Andricus lignicola

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castanopsis-kawakamii

scientific: Castanopsis kawakamii

epithet: kawakamii

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 300 (1911)

Castanopsis greenii

authorship: Chun

Castanopsis oerstedtii

authorship: Hickel & A.Camus

codes: CHS TAI VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names: 赤校 吊皮椆

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  300

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castanopsis-sieboldii

scientific: Castanopsis sieboldii

authorship: (Makino) Hatus.

epithet: sieboldii

Castanopsis cuspidata f. awanoi

authorship: (Yanagita) Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata f. ligustrifolia

authorship: (Koidz.) Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata f. pluricarpa

authorship: Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata f. serratifolia

authorship: (Makino) Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata var. lutchuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) Masam.

Castanopsis sieboldii f. awanoi

authorship: (Yanagita) Yonek.

name: Castanopsis sieboldii subsp. lutchuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) H.Ohba

Lithocarpus lutchuensis

authorship: Koidz.

Pasania cuspidata var. sieboldii

authorship: Makino

Pasania sieboldii

authorship: (Makino) Makino

Pasaniopsis sieboldii

authorship: (Makino) Kudo

authorship: (Makino) Kudô

Shiia lutchuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) Kudô & Masam.

Shiia sieboldii var. awanoi

authorship: Yanagita

codes: JAP KOR NNS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 308 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Itajii
Itajii chinkapin

names: 長果椎 長椎栲

names: Каштанник Зибольда

names: イタジイ スダジイ

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Acalyptus
Allecula shibatai
Allecula tenuis
Allograpta javania
Ampedus amamiensis
Ampedus aritai
Anaspis shibatai
Andrena edashigei

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners: Acalyptus Anomalempis Athemus Betacixius Caeciliidae Cephalochrysa Cheilosia Cyphicerus

partners:
Arhopala japonica
Celastrina albocoeruleus
Celastrina argiolus
Palumbina pylartis
Pteropus dasymallus
Rapala arata

authors: (Makino) Hatus. ex T.Yamaz. & Mashiba

published_in: Fl. Ryukyus 223


slug: castanospermum-australe

scientific: Castanospermum australe

authorship: A.Cunn. ex Mudie

genus: Castanospermum

epithet: australe

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Pict. Australia : 149 (1829)

Castanocarpus australis

authorship: (A.Cunn. ex Mudie) Sweet

name: Castanospermum australe var. brevivexillum

Castanospermum brevivexillum

authorship: (F.M.Bailey) Domin

Vieillardia grandiflora

authorship: Montrouz.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: NSW QLD VAN

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Vanuatu

code: VAN

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 927 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Castanospermine

activities: AntiHIV Antidiabetic Antifeedant Antileukemic Antiviral Glucosidase-Inhibitor Herbicide Hypoglycemic

Formononetin

activities: Abortifacient Anticephalagic Antifeedant Antiulcer? Cancer-Preventive Estrogenic Fungicide Herbicide-Safener

Swainsonine

activities: Anorectic Antimelanomic Antimetastatic Glucosidase-Inhibitor Immunomodulator Mannosidase-Inhibitor Toxic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Australian Chestnut
Australian-chestnut

names: 元寶樹 栗豆树

names: Кастаноспермум южный

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Pteropus alecto
Pteropus conspicillatus
Pteropus poliocephalus
Pteropus scapulatus
Pteropus tonganus
Syconycteris australis

partners:
Candalides absimilis
Anonychomyrma gilberti
Aonidiella aurantii
Camponotus vitreus
Chrysomphalus aonidum
Crematogaster fusca
Darna nararia
Hypolycaena phorbas

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: non-woody

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: pod

authors: A.Cunn. ex Mudie


slug: castela-coccinea

scientific: Castela coccinea

authorship: Griseb.

genus: Castela

epithet: coccinea

family: Simaroubaceae

published_in: Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 107 (1874)

codes: AGE AGW BOL PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

authors: Griseb.


slug: castela-emoryi

scientific: Castela emoryi

authorship: (A.Gray) Moran & Felger

epithet: emoryi

published_in: Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 15(4): 40 (1968)

preferred: crucifixion thorn

source: wikidata

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 370 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

partners:
Agrilus abstersus
Atteva punctella

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

authors: (A.Gray) Moran & Felger

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: castela-erecta

scientific: Castela erecta

authorship: Turpin

epithet: erecta

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. vii. (1806) 80. t. 5 B.

preferred: goatbush

Castela erecta subsp. typica

authorship: Cronquist

Castela nicholsonii

authorship: Hook.

Castelaria erecta

authorship: (Turpin) Small

Castelaria nicholsonii

authorship: (Hook.) Small

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXE MXS ARU CLM LEE NLA PER PUE VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Colombia

code: CLM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

Windward Is.

code: WIN

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 914 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: goatbush Amargosa


slug: castela-galapageia

scientific: Castela galapageia

epithet: galapageia

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(2): 229 (1847)

preferred: Bitterbush

english: Bitterbush Castela

Castela erecta subsp. galapageia

authorship: (Hook.f.) Cronquist

Castelaria galapagei

authorship: (Hook.f.) Moldenke

Galápagos

code: GAL

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Castela Bitterbush

partners:
Atteva hysginiella
Camarhynchus pallidus
Camarhynchus parvulus
Camarhynchus psittacula
Certhidea fusca
Certhidea olivacea
Coccyzus melacoryphus
Crotophaga ani

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 229

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castela-peninsularis

scientific: Castela peninsularis

authorship: Rose

epithet: peninsularis

Castelaria peninsularis

authorship: (Rose) Small

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 293 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Rose

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 278

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castela-tortuosa

scientific: Castela tortuosa

authorship: Liebm.

epithet: tortuosa

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn (1853) 108.

Castela erecta subsp. texana

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Cronquist

Castela nicholsonii var. texana

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Castela salubris

authorship: Boas

Castela texana

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Rose

Castelaria texana

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Small

Castelaria tortuosa

authorship: (Liebm.) Small

codes: MXC MXE MXS TEX

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
Chaparro amargoso
Venenillo

authors: Liebm.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castela-tweediei

scientific: Castela tweediei

authorship: Planch.

epithet: tweediei

Castela tweediei var. dentata

authorship: Engl.

Castela tweediei var. macrophylla

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

codes: AGE AGW BZS PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 4 m

authors: Planch.

published_in: London J. Bot. 5: 569

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castellanosia-caineana

scientific: Castellanosia caineana

authorship: Cárdenas

genus: Castellanosia

epithet: caineana

family: Cactaceae

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 90. 1951.

Browningia caineana

authorship: (Cárdenas) D.R.Hunt

codes: BOL PAR

Bolivia

code: BOL

lifeform: succulent shrub

label: Least Concern

value: 6 m

authors: Cárdenas

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 90, fig. 38 & 39

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilla-elastica

scientific: Castilla elastica

authorship: Cerv.

genus: Castilla

epithet: elastica

family: Moraceae

published_in: Supl. Gaz. Lit. Mexico 1794(Jul. 2): 7 (1794)

preferred: Panama rubbertree

Castilla daguensis

authorship: Pittier

Castilla elastica var. costaricana

authorship: (Liebm.) C.C.Berg

Castilla gummifera

authorship: (Bertol.) Standl.

Castilla markhamiana

authorship: Markham

Ficus gummifera

authorship: Bertol.

authorship: Miq.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 214 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Panama rubbertree
Castilla Rubber

names: Caucho Hule

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Ramphocelus carbo
Thraupis episcopus

label: Eaten by

partners:
Pteropus tonganus
Acraea violae
Ateles geoffroyi
Chlorophanes spiza
Coereba flaveola
Cyanerpes caeruleus
Cyanerpes cyaneus
Dacnis cayana

key: succulence

published_in: in Supl. Gaz. Lit. Mexico (Jul. 2, 1794), 7


slug: castilleja-affinis

scientific: Castilleja affinis

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

genus: Castilleja

epithet: affinis

family: Orobanchaceae

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 154 (1833)

preferred: Coast Paintbrush

english:
Coast Paintbrush
coast Indian paintbrush

source: inat

Castilleja affinis subsp. insularis

authorship: (Eastw.) Munz

Castilleja affinis subsp. neglecta

authorship: (Zeile) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Castilleja anacapensis

authorship: Dunkle

Castilleja californica

authorship: Abrams

Castilleja douglasii

authorship: Benth.

Castilleja douglasii subsp. insularis

authorship: (Eastw.) Pennell

Castilleja inflata

authorship: Pennell

Castilleja latifolia subsp. insularis

authorship: Eastw.

Castilleja neglecta

authorship: Zeile

Castilleja parviflora var. californica

authorship: (Abrams) Zeile

Castilleja parviflora var. douglasii

authorship: (Benth.) Jeps.

Castilleja wightii subsp. anacapensis

authorship: (Dunkle) Pennell

Castilleja wightii subsp. inflata

authorship: (Pennell) Munz

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Castilleja coccinea

slug: castilleja-coccinea

species: Castilleja hispida

slug: castilleja-hispida

species: Castilleja miniata

slug: castilleja-miniata

partners:
Lasioglossum ovaliceps
Trochilidae

partners:
Argyrotaenia franciscana
Lasioglossum ovaliceps
Occidryas chalcedona
Thessalia leanira

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

label: Growth habit

value: herb

value: subshrub

label: Woodiness

authors: Hook. & Arn.

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 154

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: castilleja-ambigua

scientific: Castilleja ambigua

epithet: ambigua

preferred: johnny-nip

name: Castilleja ambigua subsp. humboldtiensis

authorship: (D.D.Keck) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Castilleja ambigua subsp. insalutata

authorship: (Jeps.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

name: Orthocarpus castillejoides var. humboldtiensis

name: Orthocarpus castillejoides var. insalutatus

authorship: Jeps.

Orthocarpus longispicatus

authorship: Elmer

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

lifeform: annual or biennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 468 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
johnny-nip
estuarine paintbrush

value: annual


slug: castilleja-angustifolia

scientific: Castilleja angustifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) G.Don

epithet: angustifolia

published_in: Gen. Hist. iv. 616.

preferred: northwestern Indian paintbrush

name: Castilleja angustifolia subsp. bradburii

authorship: (Nutt.) Piper & Beattie

Castilleja angustifolia var. adenophora

authorship: Fernald

Castilleja angustifolia var. bradburii

authorship: (Nutt.) Fernald

Castilleja angustifolia var. subcinerea

authorship: (Rydb.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Castilleja bennittii

authorship: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Castilleja dubia

authorship: (A.Nelson) A.Nelson

Castilleja flavescens

authorship: Pennell ex Edwin

Castilleja subcinerea

authorship: Rydb.

Euchroma angustifolia

authorship: Nutt.

codes: COL IDA MNT NEV ORE SDA UTA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

South Dakota

code: SDA

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Centrocercus urophasianus
Occidryas chalcedona
Thessalia leanira

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: variable

value: Single Crown

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

label: Height

label: Leaf retention

value: deciduous


slug: castilleja-applegatei

scientific: Castilleja applegatei

epithet: applegatei

preferred: wavyleaf Indian paintbrush

Castilleja adenophora

authorship: Eastw.

Castilleja applegatei subsp. pallida

authorship: (Eastw.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Castilleja applegatei subsp. pinetorum

authorship: (Fernald) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Castilleja applegatei var. fragilis

authorship: (Zeile) N.H.Holmgren

Castilleja applegatei var. pallida

authorship: (Eastw.) N.H.Holmgren

Castilleja glandulifera subsp. pallida

authorship: (Eastw.) Pennell

Castilleja latifoliata

authorship: Pennell

Castilleja pinetorum var. fragilis

authorship: Zeile

Castilleja trisecta

authorship: Greene

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE UTA WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1592 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wavyleaf Indian paintbrush
Applegate's Indian Paintbrush

partners: Apoidea Trochilidae

partners:
Bombus kirbiellus
Apoidea
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Trochilidae

partners:
Occidryas chalcedona
Thessalia leanira

value: slow


slug: castilleja-arachnoidea

scientific: Castilleja arachnoidea

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: arachnoidea

preferred: cobwebby Indian paintbrush

name: Castilleja arachnoidea subsp. arachnoidea

Castilleja floccosa

authorship: Pennell ex M.Peck

Orthocarpus pilosus var. arachnoideus

authorship: (Greenm.) Jeps.

codes: CAL NEV ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 773 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cobwebby Indian paintbrush
cobwebby paintbrush

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus vosnesenskii

label: Life cycle

authors: Greenm.


slug: castilleja-arvensis

scientific: Castilleja arvensis

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

epithet: arvensis

preferred: field Indian paintbrush

Bartsia trinervis

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Castilleja communis

authorship: Benth.

Castilleja communis f. johnstoniae

authorship: Standl.

Castilleja haitiensis

authorship: Urb. & Ekman

Castilleja hyssopifolia

authorship: Willd. ex G.Don

name: Castilleja lithospermoides var. pastorei

authorship: Hicken

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU ELS GAL GUA HAI HON NIC PAN PAR PER URU VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Galápagos

code: GAL

Haiti

code: HAI

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: hemiparasitic annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1794 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
field Indian paintbrush
Field Paintbrush


slug: castilleja-attenuata

scientific: Castilleja attenuata

authorship: (A.Gray) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: attenuata

preferred: attenuate Indian paintbrush

codes: ARI BRC CAL MXI MXN ORE WAS CLC

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Chile Central

code: CLC

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2052 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
attenuate Indian paintbrush
Narrowleaf Paintbrush

partners:
Adela flammeusella
Bombus vosnesenskii

authors: (A.Gray) T.I.Chuang & Heckard


slug: castilleja-bella

scientific: Castilleja bella

epithet: bella

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 106 (1940)

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

climate: subalpine or subarctic

authors: Standl.

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-brevilobata

scientific: Castilleja brevilobata

authorship: Piper

epithet: brevilobata

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 104 (1920)

Castilleja hispida subsp. brevilobata

authorship: (Piper) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

codes: CAL ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 135 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Piper

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 104

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-brevistyla

scientific: Castilleja brevistyla

authorship: (Hoover) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: brevistyla

preferred: shortstyle Indian paintbrush

Orthocarpus brevistylus

authorship: Hoover

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
shortstyle Indian paintbrush
Shortstyle Paintbrush

partners:
Adela flammeusella
Schinia pulchripennis

authors: (Hoover) T.I.Chuang & Heckard


slug: castilleja-bryantii

scientific: Castilleja bryantii

authorship: Brandegee

epithet: bryantii

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 2: 192 (1889)

Castilleja socorrensis

authorship: Moran

codes: MXI MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Brandegee

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 2: 192


slug: castilleja-campestris

scientific: Castilleja campestris

authorship: (Benth.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: campestris

preferred: vernal pool Indian paintbrush

Castilleja succulenta

authorship: (Hoover) D.W.Taylor

Orthocarpus succulentus

authorship: (Hoover) Hoover

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 295 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
vernal pool Indian paintbrush
Vernal Pool Paintbrush

authors: (Benth.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard


slug: castilleja-cervina

scientific: Castilleja cervina

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: cervina

preferred: deer Indian paintbrush

codes: BRC IDA WAS

Idaho

code: IDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
deer Indian paintbrush
deer paintbrush


slug: castilleja-chlorotica

scientific: Castilleja chlorotica

epithet: chlorotica

preferred: greentinge Indian paintbrush

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
greentinge Indian paintbrush
Gearhart Mountain Paintbrush

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-chromosa

scientific: Castilleja chromosa

epithet: chromosa

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 245 (1899)

preferred: Desert Paintbrush

english:
Desert Paintbrush
colorful Indian paintbrush
desert paintbrush

Castilleja angustifolia var. collina

authorship: (A.Nelson) Garrett

Castilleja eremophila

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

Castilleja ewanii

authorship: Eastw.

Castilleja helleri

authorship: Edwin

Castilleja martini subsp. ewanii

authorship: (Eastw.) Munz

Castilleja martini var. ewanii

authorship: (Eastw.) N.H.Holmgren

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA MNT NEV NWM ORE UTA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1971 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Castilleja foliolosa

slug: castilleja-foliolosa

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26(5): 245

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: castilleja-cinerea

scientific: Castilleja cinerea

epithet: cinerea

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 93 (1883)

preferred: ashgray Indian paintbrush

Orthocarpus cinereus

authorship: (A.Gray) Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
ashgray Indian paintbrush
ash-gray Indian paintbrush

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xix. (1883) 93

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-citrina

scientific: Castilleja citrina

authorship: Pennell

epithet: citrina

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 532 (1921 publ. 1922)

Castilleja purpurea var. citrina

authorship: (Pennell) Shinners

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: KAN OKL TEX

Kansas

code: KAN

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 585 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Parasites

partners:
Aprostocetus fusificola
Cecidostiba ilicina
Mesopolobus xanthocerus
Pediobius rotundata
Sycophila binotata

authors: Pennell

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: castilleja-coccinea

scientific: Castilleja coccinea

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

epithet: coccinea

preferred: Painted-cup paintbrush

english:
Painted-cup paintbrush
scarlet Indian paintbrush

Bartsia coccinea

authorship: L.

Bartsia coccinea var. pallens

authorship: Michx.

Castilleja coccinea f. alba

authorship: Farw.

Castilleja coccinea f. pallens

authorship: (Michx.) Pennell

Euchroma coccinea

authorship: (L.) Nutt.

Rhinanthus coccineus

authorship: (L.) Lam.

codes: ALA ARK CNT FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAN MRY MIC MIN MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SAS SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
scarlet Indian paintbrush
eastern paintbrush

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Andrena robertsonii
Andrena spiraeana
Andrena virginiana
Anthocomus erichsoni
Anthrenus museorum
Apallates coxendix
Bombus impatiens

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Archilochus colubris
Battus philenor
Bombus fervidus
Papilio polyxenes
Zerene cesonia

partners:
Anthrenus
Archilochus colubris
Battus philenor
Bombus pensylvanicus
Cantharis
Cerceris
Ceropales
Ectemnius

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: castilleja-covilleana

scientific: Castilleja covilleana

authorship: Hend.

epithet: covilleana

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 353 (1900)

preferred: Coville's Indian paintbrush

codes: IDA MNT

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Coville's Indian paintbrush
Rocky Mountain paintbrush

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 353


slug: castilleja-crista-galli

scientific: Castilleja crista-galli

authorship: Rydb.

epithet: crista-galli

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 355 (1900)

preferred: Mountainside Indian Paintbrush

english:
Mountainside Indian Paintbrush
mountainside Indian paintbrush

codes: IDA MNT WYO

Wyoming

code: WYO

authors: Rydb.

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 355

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: castilleja-cryptantha

scientific: Castilleja cryptantha

authorship: Pennell & G.N.Jones

epithet: cryptantha

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 208 (1937)

preferred: obscure Indian paintbrush

english:
obscure Indian paintbrush
obscure paintbrush

Washington

code: WAS

lifeform: hemiparasitic perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Pollinated by

authors: Pennell & G.N.Jones

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 208

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-cusickii

scientific: Castilleja cusickii

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: cusickii

preferred: Cusick's Indian paintbrush

Castilleja camporum

authorship: Howell

Castilleja pallida var. camporum

authorship: (Howell) Greenm.

Castilleja pannosa

authorship: Eastw.

codes: ABT BRC IDA MNT NEV ORE WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 278 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cusick's Indian paintbrush
Cusick's Indian-paintbrush

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus appositus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavifrons

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-densiflora

scientific: Castilleja densiflora

authorship: (Benth.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: densiflora

preferred: denseflower Indian paintbrush

name: Castilleja densiflora subsp. obispoensis

authorship: (D.D.Keck) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Orthocarpus densiflorus

authorship: Benth.

Orthocarpus densiflorus var. gracilis

authorship: (Benth.) D.D.Keck

Orthocarpus densiflorus var. noctuinus

authorship: (Eastw.) J.T.Howell

name: Orthocarpus densiflorus var. obispoensis

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
denseflower Indian paintbrush
dense-flower Indian paintbrush

partners:
Bombus californicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Chlosyne palla
Panurginus

partners:
Adela flammeusella
Bombus californicus
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Occidryas chalcedona


slug: castilleja-dissitiflora

scientific: Castilleja dissitiflora

epithet: dissitiflora

published_in: Tax. Rev. Castill. Visc. Gr. : 128 (1969)

preferred: Mt. Hamilton Indian paintbrush

names:
Mt. Hamilton Indian paintbrush
Remote-flowered Paintbrush

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21(4): 46, fig. 6


slug: castilleja-disticha

scientific: Castilleja disticha

epithet: disticha

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 2: 289 (1900)

Castilleja applegatei subsp. disticha

authorship: (Eastw.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Eastw.

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 3, Bot. 2: 289

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-durangensis

scientific: Castilleja durangensis

epithet: durangensis

codes: MXE MXN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

published_in: Phytologia 72: 245

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-elata

scientific: Castilleja elata

authorship: Piper

epithet: elata

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 201 (1907)

Castilleja miniata subsp. elata

authorship: (Piper) Munz

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 201

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-elegans

scientific: Castilleja elegans

authorship: Malte

epithet: elegans

preferred: elegant Indian paintbrush

Castilleja mexiae

authorship: (Pennell) Eastw.

Castilleja pallida subsp. elegans

authorship: (Malte) Pennell

Castilleja pallida subsp. mexiae

authorship: Pennell

Castilleja pallida var. elegans

authorship: (Malte) B.Boivin

codes: MAG YAK ASK MAN NWT NUN QUE YUK

Magadan

code: MAG

region: Russian Far East

Yakutiya

code: YAK

region: Siberia

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Manitoba

code: MAN

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Québec

code: QUE

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
elegant Indian paintbrush
Elegant Indian-paintbrush

names: Кастиллея изящная

authors: Malte

published_in: Rhodora 36: 187

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-elmeri

scientific: Castilleja elmeri

authorship: Fernald

epithet: elmeri

preferred: Wenatchee Indian paintbrush

codes: BRC WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 232 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Wenatchee Indian paintbrush
Elmer's Indian paintbrush

authors: Fernald

published_in: Erythea 6: 51


slug: castilleja-exserta

scientific: Castilleja exserta

authorship: (A.Heller) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: exserta

preferred: purple owl's-clover

english:
purple owl's-clover
exserted Indian paintbrush

Castilleja exserta subsp. latifolia

authorship: (S.Watson) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

name: Orthocarpus purpurascens var. latifolius

name: Orthocarpus purpurascens var. multicaulis

authorship: Jeps.

Orthocarpus purpurascens var. venustus

authorship: (A.Heller) D.D.Keck

codes: ARI CAL MXN NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1986 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
exserted Indian paintbrush
Purple Owl's Clover

names: Кастиллея выступающая

partners:
Adela flammeusella
Anthophora californica
Autographa californica
Bombus californicus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Incisalia irioides
Lytta stygica

label: Visited by

partners:
Adela flammeusella
Anthophora californica
Bombus californicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Coenonympha california california
Incisalia irioides
Occidryas editha
Schinia pulchripennis

value: capsule

authors: (A.Heller) T.I.Chuang & Heckard


slug: castilleja-fissifolia

scientific: Castilleja fissifolia

epithet: fissifolia

Castilleja coronopifolia

authorship: Vent.

Castilleja fissifolia subsp. fruticosa

authorship: (Wedd.) Melch.

name: Castilleja fissifolia subvar. coronopifolia

authorship: (Vent.) Wedd.

Castilleja fissifolia subvar. hispidior

authorship: Wedd.

name: Castilleja fissifolia subvar. longifolia

authorship: (Benth.) Wedd.

name: Castilleja fissifolia subvar. tenuifolia

codes: CLM ECU PER VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 555 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Allpa wantuk
Baraza del páramo

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bos taurus
Chalcostigma heteropogon
Charidryas palla
Coeligena helianthea
Colibri coruscans
Ensifera ensifera
Eriocnemis cupreoventris

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 293


slug: castilleja-flava

scientific: Castilleja flava

epithet: flava

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 230 (1871)

preferred: yellow Indian paintbrush

Castilleja brachyantha

authorship: Rydb.

Castilleja curticalix

authorship: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Castilleja elkoensis

authorship: Edwin

Castilleja rustica

authorship: Piper

codes: COL IDA MNT NEV ORE UTA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 223 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellow Indian paintbrush
yellow paintbrush

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 230

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-foliolosa

scientific: Castilleja foliolosa

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: foliolosa

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 154 (1833)

preferred: Felt Paintbrush

english:
Felt Paintbrush
Texas Indian paintbrush

Castilleja clementis

authorship: Eastw.

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2071 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Castilleja chromosa

slug: castilleja-chromosa

species: Epilobium canum

slug: epilobium-canum

names:
Texas Indian paintbrush
Felt Paintbrush

names: Кастиллея листочковая

partners:
Bombus californicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Lasioglossum ovaliceps
Leptotes marina
Augochlorella pomoniella
Euphydryas chalcedona
Occidryas chalcedona
Trochilidae

partners:
Occidryas chalcedona
Calypte anna
Occidryas editha
Selasphorus calliope
Thessalia leanira
Zerene eurydice

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 154

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: castilleja-genevievana

scientific: Castilleja genevievana

epithet: genevievana

preferred: Genevieve's Indian paintbrush

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

names:
Genevieve's Indian paintbrush
Genevieve's paintbrush

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: castilleja-gleasoni

scientific: Castilleja gleasoni

authorship: Elmer

epithet: gleasoni

Castilleja pruinosa subsp. gleasoni

authorship: (Elmer) Munz

authors: Elmer

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-gracillima

scientific: Castilleja gracillima

epithet: gracillima

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 39 (1907)

codes: IDA MNT ORE WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Slender Indian Paintbrush
slender paintbrush

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 39

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-grisea

scientific: Castilleja grisea

authorship: Dunkle

epithet: grisea

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 42: 31 (1943)

preferred: San Clemente Island Indian paintbrush

Castilleja hololeuca subsp. grisea

authorship: (Dunkle) Munz

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 219 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Autographa californica
Eupeodes volucris
Trochilidae
Vanessa cardui

authors: Dunkle

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 42: 31

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-haydenii-a-gray-cockerell

scientific: Castilleja haydenii

authorship: (A.Gray) Cockerell

epithet: haydenii

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 37 (1890)

preferred: Hayden's Indian paintbrush

codes: COL NWM UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (A.Gray) Cockerell

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17(2): 37

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-haydenii-a-gray-greene

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

source: usda

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CAHA16

license: public domain

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: castilleja-hirsuta

scientific: Castilleja hirsuta

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

epithet: hirsuta

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 29 (1845)

Castilleja obovata

authorship: Benth.

codes: MXC MXG MXE

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: M.Martens & Galeotti

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles xii. II. 29

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-hispida

scientific: Castilleja hispida

epithet: hispida

preferred: harsh paintbrush

english:
harsh paintbrush
harsh Indian paintbrush

name: Castilleja angustifolia subsp. abbreviata

authorship: (Fernald) Piper & Beattie

Castilleja angustifolia subsp. hispida

authorship: (Benth. ex Hook.) Piper & Beattie

Castilleja angustifolia var. abbreviata

authorship: Fernald

Castilleja angustifolia var. hispida

authorship: (Benth. ex Hook.) Fernald

Castilleja hispida subsp. abbreviata

authorship: (Fernald) Pennell

Castilleja hispida subsp. acuta

authorship: Pennell

Castilleja remota

authorship: Greene

codes: ABT BRC IDA MNT ORE WAS

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2031 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Castilleja affinis

slug: castilleja-affinis

slug: castilleja-coccinea

names:
harsh Indian paintbrush
bristly paintbrush

partners:
Bombus californicus
Lasioglossum
Bombus flavifrons
Lasioglossum ephialtum
Sphecodes
Bombus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Chrysotoxum baphyrum

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Growth form

value: rapid

label: Foliage colour


slug: castilleja-hololeuca

scientific: Castilleja hololeuca

epithet: hololeuca

Castilleja lanata subsp. hololeuca

authorship: (Greene) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 379 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
island paintbrush
white-felted paintbrush

source: GIFT

value: perennial

authors: Greene

published_in: Pittonia 1(1): 38


slug: castilleja-hyparctica

scientific: Castilleja hyparctica

authorship: Rebrist.

epithet: hyparctica

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 289 (1964)

Castilleja pallida subsp. hyparctica

authorship: (Rebrist.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Castilleja pallida var. hyparctica

authorship: (Rebrist.) J.M.Egger

codes: KRA MAG YAK

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Yakutiya

code: YAK

names: Кастиллея гипоарктическая

authors: Rebrist.

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 289 (1964)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-hyperborea

scientific: Castilleja hyperborea

epithet: hyperborea

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 86: 532 (1934)

preferred: northern Indian paintbrush

Castilleja kuschei

authorship: Eastw.

codes: ASK BRC NWT YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 150 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
northern Indian paintbrush
northern paintbrush

names: Кастиллея ложносеверная

value: non-woody

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-indivisa

scientific: Castilleja indivisa

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: indivisa

preferred: Texas Paintbrush

english:
Texas Paintbrush
entireleaf Indian paintbrush

Castilleja indivisa f. vivida

authorship: Cory

codes: ALA ARK FLA LOU MXE OKL TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Louisiana

code: LOU

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2004 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
entireleaf Indian paintbrush
Texas paintbrush

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Battus philenor
Hyles lineata
Papilio polyxenes
Phoebis sennae

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Engelm. & A. Gray, Pl. Lindh. i. 47

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: castilleja-integra

scientific: Castilleja integra

epithet: integra

preferred: foothills paintbrush

english:
foothills paintbrush
wholeleaf Indian paintbrush

Castilleja gloriosa

authorship: Britton

Castilleja integra var. gloriosa

authorship: (Britton) Cockerell

Castilleja integra var. gracilis

authorship: Cockerell

codes: ARI COL MXG MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Papilio machaon
Papilio polyxenes

partners:
Occidryas chalcedona
Thessalia fulvia
Thessalia leanira

label: Photosynthetic pathway

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 119


slug: castilleja-integrifolia

scientific: Castilleja integrifolia

epithet: integrifolia

Castilleja chiapensis

authorship: Brandegee

Castilleja fissifolia var. integrifolia

authorship: (L.f.) Wedd.

Castilleja longibracteata

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS CLM ELS GUA HON NIC VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 293


slug: castilleja-irasuensis

scientific: Castilleja irasuensis

authorship: Oerst.

epithet: irasuensis

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1853: 27 (1853)

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Diglossa plumbea
Selasphorus flammula

authors: Oerst.

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn (1853) 27

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-kraliana

scientific: Castilleja kraliana

epithet: kraliana

preferred: Cahaba Indian paintbrush

Alabama

code: ALA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cahaba Indian paintbrush
Cahaba Paintbrush

value: biennial

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-lacera

scientific: Castilleja lacera

authorship: (Benth.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: lacera

preferred: cutleaf Indian paintbrush

Orthocarpus lacerus

authorship: Benth.

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 236 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cutleaf Indian paintbrush
cut-leaved paintbrush

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-lanata

scientific: Castilleja lanata

epithet: lanata

preferred: Sierra woolly Indian paintbrush

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 315 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sierra woolly Indian paintbrush
Sierran woolly Indian paintbrush

partners:
Thessalia fulvia
Thessalia leanira
Thessalia theona

authors: A.Gray in Emory

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 118


slug: castilleja-lasiorhyncha

scientific: Castilleja lasiorhyncha

authorship: (A.Gray) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: lasiorhyncha

preferred: San Bernardino Mountains Indian paintbrush

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (A.Gray) T.I.Chuang & Heckard


slug: castilleja-lassenensis

scientific: Castilleja lassenensis

epithet: lassenensis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lassen Paintbrush
Lemmon's Indian paintbrush

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 244

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-latifolia

scientific: Castilleja latifolia

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: latifolia

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 154 (1833)

preferred: Monterey Indian paintbrush

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1994 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Monterey Indian paintbrush
monterey coast paintbrush

names: Кастиллея широколистная

partners:
Amblyptilia pica
Goniocotes haplogonus
Kelloggia latithorax
Occidryas chalcedona

authors: Hook. & Arn.

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 154


slug: castilleja-lemmonii

scientific: Castilleja lemmonii

epithet: lemmonii

preferred: Lemmon's Indian paintbrush

Castilleja culbertsonii

authorship: Greene

codes: CAL NEV

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 693 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: castilleja-levisecta

scientific: Castilleja levisecta

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: levisecta

preferred: golden Indian paintbrush

english:
golden Indian paintbrush
golden paintbrush

codes: BRC ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1345 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus appositus
Bombus californicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Chalcididae sp.
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossum knereri

partners:
Lasioglossum knereri
Bombus
Bombus appositus
Bombus californicus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Chalcididae
Dialictus

authors: Greenm.


slug: castilleja-linariifolia

scientific: Castilleja linariifolia

epithet: linariifolia

preferred: Wyoming Indian paintbrush

Castilleja affinis var. linariifolia

authorship: (Benth.) Zeile

Castilleja arcuata

authorship: Rydb.

Castilleja candens

authorship: Durand & Hilg.

Castilleja fulgens

authorship: Nutt. ex A.Gray

name: Castilleja linariifolia f. omnipubescens

authorship: Pennell

Castilleja linariifolia var. filiformis

authorship: Daniels

name: Castilleja linariifolia var. omnipubescens

authorship: (Pennell) Clokey

Castilleja trainii

authorship: Edwin

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA MNT NEV NWM ORE UTA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2011 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Wyoming Indian paintbrush
Wyoming Indian-paintbrush

names:
Castilléjie du Wyoming
Castilléjie à feuilles de linaire

partners:
Leptotes marina
Megachile frigida


slug: castilleja-lindheimeri

scientific: Castilleja lindheimeri

epithet: lindheimeri

Castilleja purpurea var. lindheimeri

authorship: (A.Gray) Shinners

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: castilleja-lineariloba

scientific: Castilleja lineariloba

epithet: lineariloba

Orthocarpus mariposanus

authorship: Congdon

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 233 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Linear-lobed Owl's-clover
Valley tassels

authors: (Benth.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-lineata

scientific: Castilleja lineata

epithet: lineata

preferred: marshmeadow Indian paintbrush

codes: ARI COL NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
marshmeadow Indian paintbrush
Linear-lobed Paintbrush

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: castilleja-litoralis

scientific: Castilleja litoralis

epithet: litoralis

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 99: 183 (1947)

Castilleja affinis subsp. litoralis

authorship: (Pennell) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Castilleja wightii subsp. litoralis

authorship: (Pennell) Munz

codes: CAL ORE WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 288 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Pennell

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-lutescens

scientific: Castilleja lutescens

authorship: (Greenm.) Rydb.

epithet: lutescens

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 359 (1900)

preferred: stiff yellow Indian paintbrush

Alberta

code: ABT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 207 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
stiff yellow Indian paintbrush
yellowish paintbrush

partners:
Amblyptilia pica
Goniocotes haplogonus
Kelloggia heterurus
Lagopoecus pallidovittatus

authors: (Greenm.) Rydb.

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 359

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-martini

scientific: Castilleja martini

authorship: Abrams

epithet: martini

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 69 (1902)

Castilleja applegatei subsp. martini

authorship: (Abrams) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Castilleja roseana

authorship: Eastw.

codes: CAL MXN NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 371 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Abrams

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(6): 69

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: castilleja-mendocinensis

scientific: Castilleja mendocinensis

authorship: (Eastw.) Pennell

epithet: mendocinensis

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 99: 184 (1947)

preferred: Mendocino Coast Indian paintbrush

name: Castilleja latifolia subsp. mendocinensis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 332 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mendocino Coast Indian paintbrush
Mendocino coast paintbrush

authors: (Eastw.) Pennell


slug: castilleja-mexicana

scientific: Castilleja mexicana

authorship: (Hemsl.) A.Gray

epithet: mexicana

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 404 (1886)

preferred: Mexican Indian paintbrush

Orthocarpus mexicanus

authorship: Hemsl.

codes: MXE TEX

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 404


slug: castilleja-miniata

scientific: Castilleja miniata

authorship: Douglas ex Benth.

epithet: miniata

preferred: giant red paintbrush

english:
giant red paintbrush
giant red Indian paintbrush

Castilleja confusa

authorship: Greene

Castilleja confusa var. pubens

authorship: (A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Castilleja crispula

authorship: Piper

Castilleja dixonii

authorship: Fernald

Castilleja inconstans

authorship: Standl.

Castilleja miniata subsp. dixonii

authorship: (Fernald) Kartesz

Castilleja miniata var. crispula

authorship: (Piper) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Castilleja pallida var. miniata

authorship: (Douglas ex Hook.) A.Gray

Castilleja rhexiifolia var. pubens

authorship: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Castilleja trinervis

authorship: Rydb.

Euchroma integrifolia

authorship: Nutt. ex Benth.

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MAN MXN MNT NEV NWM ONT ORE SAS UTA WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Manitoba

code: MAN

Ontario

code: ONT

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1920 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

slug: castilleja-affinis

slug: castilleja-coccinea

names:
giant red Indian paintbrush
Common Paintbrush

names: 大紅印地安畫筆 大紅火焰草

names: Кастиллея киноварно-красная

partners:
Halictus
Asilidae1
Bombus balteatus
Bombus huntii
Bombus occidentalis
Colias keewaydina
Diplocolenus evansi
Eupeodes3

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus balteatus
Bombus fervidus
Halictus
Bombus californicus
Bombus huntii
Bombus occidentalis
Halictus pulzenus

partners:
Canachites canadensis
Euphydryas gilletti


slug: castilleja-minor

scientific: Castilleja minor

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Gray

epithet: minor

published_in: Bot. California 1: 573 (1876)

preferred: lesser Indian paintbrush

Castilleja affinis

authorship: Benth.

Castilleja minor subsp. spiralis

authorship: (Jeps.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Castilleja spiralis

authorship: Jeps.

Castilleja stenantha subsp. spiralis

authorship: (Jeps.) Munz

codes: ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXE MXN MNT NEV NWM ORE UTA WAS WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 684 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
lesser Indian paintbrush
seep paintbrush


slug: castilleja-mogollonica

scientific: Castilleja mogollonica

authorship: Pennell

epithet: mogollonica

published_in: Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 237: 1 (1951)

published_in: Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia no. 237: [1]

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: castilleja-mollis

scientific: Castilleja mollis

epithet: mollis

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 99: 185 (1947)

preferred: softleaf Indian paintbrush

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
softleaf Indian paintbrush
soft-leaf paintbrush


slug: castilleja-montigena

scientific: Castilleja montigena

authorship: Heckard

epithet: montigena

preferred: Heckard's Indian paintbrush

authors: Heckard


slug: castilleja-moranensis

scientific: Castilleja moranensis

authorship: Kunth

epithet: moranensis

Castilleja schaffneri var. cinerascens

authorship: Eastw.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Valleta
hierba del conejo

authors: Kunth

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: castilleja-nana

scientific: Castilleja nana

epithet: nana

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 2: 289 (1900)

preferred: dwarf paintbrush

english:
dwarf paintbrush
dwarf alpine Indian paintbrush

Castilleja inconspicua

authorship: A.Nelson & P.B.Kenn.

codes: CAL NEV UTA

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 771 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dwarf alpine Indian paintbrush
alpine paintbrush

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus

authors: Eastw.

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 3, Bot. 2: 289

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: castilleja-nelsonii

scientific: Castilleja nelsonii

epithet: nelsonii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 579 (1909)

preferred: Rincon Mountain Indian paintbrush

Castilleja austromontana

authorship: Standl. & Blumer

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXS NWM

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 223 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 580

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CAAU5

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-nervata

scientific: Castilleja nervata

epithet: nervata

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 574 (1909)

preferred: Trans-Pecos Indian paintbrush

Castilleja angustifolia

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Castilleja cruenta

authorship: Standl.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Trans-Pecos Indian paintbrush
Nerved Paintbrush

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 574


slug: castilleja-nubigena

scientific: Castilleja nubigena

epithet: nubigena

Castilleja fissifolia subsp. nubigena

authorship: (Kunth) Melch.

Castilleja fissifolia var. nubigena

authorship: (Kunth) Wedd.

Castilleja trifida

authorship: Willd. ex Walp.

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

climate: montane tropical

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-occidentalis

scientific: Castilleja occidentalis

authorship: Torr.

epithet: occidentalis

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 230 (1827)

preferred: western Indian paintbrush

codes: ABT BRC COL MNT NWM UTA

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Montana

code: MNT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1315 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
western Indian paintbrush
western yellow paintbrush

names:
castilléjie de l'Ouest
castilléjie occidentale

partners:
Bombus kirbiellus
Bombus centralis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus occidentalis

authors: Torr.

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York ii. (1828) 230


slug: castilleja-organorum

scientific: Castilleja organorum

epithet: organorum

published_in: Muhlenbergia 5: 86 (1909)

preferred: Organ Mountain Indian paintbrush

names:
Organ Mountain Indian paintbrush
Organ Mountain Indian-Paintbrush

authors: Standl.

published_in: Muhlenbergia 5: 86

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-pallescens

scientific: Castilleja pallescens

authorship: (A.Gray) Greenm.

epithet: pallescens

preferred: pale Indian paintbrush

Castilleja fasciculata var. inverta

authorship: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Castilleja inverta

authorship: (A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.) Pennell & Ownbey

Castilleja pilosa var. inverta

authorship: (A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.) Greenm.

Euchroma pallescens

authorship: Nutt. ex A.Gray

codes: IDA MNT NEV ORE WYO

Idaho

code: IDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pale Indian paintbrush
Pallid Indian paintbrush

authors: (A.Gray) Greenm.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-pallida

scientific: Castilleja pallida

authorship: (L.) Kunth

epithet: pallida

preferred: Fairbanks annual Indian paintbrush

Bartsia acuminata

authorship: Pursh

Bartsia pallida

authorship: L.

Bartsia rubricoma

authorship: Pall.

Castilleja acuminata

authorship: Turcz.

authorship: (Pursh) Spreng.

Castilleja annua

authorship: Pennell

Castilleja caudata

authorship: (Pennell) Rebrist.

Castilleja caudata var. auricoma

authorship: (Pennell) Hultén

Castilleja pallida f. tincta

authorship: Cockerell

Castilleja pallida var. acuminata

authorship: (Pursh) MacMill.

Castilleja pallida var. alpina

authorship: Porter

Castilleja pallida var. auricoma

authorship: (Pennell) B.Boivin

Castilleja pallida var. communis

authorship: Regel & Tiling

Castilleja sibirica

authorship: Lindl.

Rhinanthus acuminatus

authorship: Poir.

Rhinanthus pallidus

authorship: (L.) Lam.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAM KAZ KHA KRA MAG CHM MON PRM SAK TVA WSB YAK RUE ASK NWT NUN YUK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

Alaska

code: ASK

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 338 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: castilleja-paramensis

scientific: Castilleja paramensis

authorship: F.González & Pabón-Mora

epithet: paramensis

Colombia

code: CLM

authors: F.González & Pabón-Mora


slug: castilleja-parviflora

scientific: Castilleja parviflora

authorship: Bong.

epithet: parviflora

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5(2, Bot.): 157 (1840)

preferred: mountain Indian paintbrush

english:
mountain Indian paintbrush
small-flowered paintbrush

Castilleja coccinea

authorship: Douglas

Castilleja desertorum

authorship: Geyer

Castilleja miniata var. alpina

authorship: Suksd.

Castilleja oreopola

authorship: Greenm.

Castilleja oreopola var. subintegra

authorship: Fernald

Castilleja toluccensis

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL ORE WAS YUK

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Charidryas palla
Lipeurus deignani
Occidryas chalcedona

authors: Bong.

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(2): 158


slug: castilleja-patriotica

scientific: Castilleja patriotica

epithet: patriotica

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 56 (1905)

preferred: Huachuca Mountain Indian paintbrush

Castilleja blumeri

authorship: Standl.

Castilleja patriotica var. blumeri

authorship: (Standl.) Kearney & Peebles

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 80 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Huachuca Mountain Indian paintbrush
Huachuca Indian paintbrush

partners:
Archilochus alexandri
Basilinna leucotis
Leucolia violiceps
Selasphorus platycercus
Selasphorus rufus

authors: Fernald

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 56


slug: castilleja-peckiana

scientific: Castilleja peckiana

authorship: Pennell

epithet: peckiana

published_in: Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 74: 9 (1941)

preferred: Peck's Indian paintbrush

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: castilleja-pectinata

scientific: Castilleja pectinata

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

epithet: pectinata

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 27 (1845)

Castilleja orizabae

authorship: Benth.

Castilleja purpusii

authorship: Brandegee

codes: MXC MXG MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

authors: M.Martens & Gall.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles xii. II. 27


slug: castilleja-peirsonii

scientific: Castilleja peirsonii

authorship: Eastw.

epithet: peirsonii

Castilleja carterae

authorship: Beane

codes: CAL NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 128 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 175

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-pilosa

scientific: Castilleja pilosa

authorship: (S.Watson) Rydb.

epithet: pilosa

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 361 (1900)

preferred: parrothead Indian paintbrush

Castilleja pilosa subsp. jusselii

authorship: (Eastw.) Munz

Castilleja psittacina

authorship: (Eastw.) Pennell

Castilleja rubida var. monoensis

authorship: (Jeps.) Edwin

Orthocarpus pilosus var. monoensis

authorship: Jeps.

codes: CAL IDA MNT NEV ORE WYO

Idaho

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 268 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
parrothead Indian paintbrush
hairy paintbrush

partners:
Bombus appositus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus fervidus

authors: (S.Watson) Rydb.

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 361


slug: castilleja-plagiotoma

scientific: Castilleja plagiotoma

epithet: plagiotoma

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 93 (1883)

preferred: Mojave Indian paintbrush

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mojave Indian paintbrush
Mojave paintbrush

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xix. (1883) 93


slug: castilleja-pruinosa

scientific: Castilleja pruinosa

epithet: pruinosa

preferred: frosted Indian paintbrush

codes: CAL ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 344 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Erythea 6: 50


slug: castilleja-pulchella

scientific: Castilleja pulchella

authorship: Rydb.

epithet: pulchella

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 40 (1907)

preferred: beautiful Indian paintbrush

codes: IDA MNT UTA WYO

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
beautiful Indian paintbrush
showy paintbrush

partners:
Bombus
Bombus balteatus

authors: Rydb.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 40

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-pumila

scientific: Castilleja pumila

authorship: (Benth.) Wedd.

epithet: pumila

published_in: Chlor. Andina 1: 61 (1856)

Castilleja fissifolia subsp. pumila

authorship: (Benth.) Melch.

Castilleja trifida

authorship: Willd. ex Melch.

codes: AGE AGW BOL CLN CLM ECU PER

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Chile North

code: CLN

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Wedd.

published_in: Chlor. Andina 2: t. 61


slug: castilleja-purpurea

scientific: Castilleja purpurea

authorship: (Nutt.) G.Don

epithet: purpurea

published_in: Gen. Hist. iv. 615.

preferred: Purple paintbrush

english:
Purple paintbrush
downy Indian paintbrush

Castilleja purpurea f. corallina

authorship: Waterf.

Euchroma purpurea

authorship: Nutt.

codes: KAN MSO OKL TEX

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Missouri

code: MSO

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1830 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
downy Indian paintbrush
Prairie Paintbrush

partners:
Megastigmus aculeatus
Megastigmus nigrovariegatus

authors: (Nutt.) G.Don

published_in: Gen. Hist. 4: 615


slug: castilleja-quirosii

scientific: Castilleja quirosii

authorship: Standl.

epithet: quirosii

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1104 (1938)

Castilleja aurantiaca

authorship: Pennell

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-raupii

scientific: Castilleja raupii

epithet: raupii

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 86: 528 (1934)

preferred: Raup's Indian paintbrush

codes: ASK ABT BRC MAN NWT NUN ONT QUE SAS YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Manitoba

code: MAN

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 409 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Raup's Indian paintbrush
Raup's Indian-paintbrush

authors: Pennell

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 86: 528, fig


slug: castilleja-rhexiifolia

scientific: Castilleja rhexiifolia

epithet: rhexiifolia

preferred: splitleaf Indian paintbrush

Castilleja oregonensis

authorship: Gand.

codes: ABT BRC COL IDA MNT NWM ORE UTA WAS WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1991 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Boloria eunomia
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus kirbiellus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus sylvicola

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 356

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CARH4


slug: castilleja-rhizomata

scientific: Castilleja rhizomata

epithet: rhizomata

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-rigida

scientific: Castilleja rigida

authorship: Eastw.

epithet: rigida

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 575 (1909)

preferred: rigid Indian paintbrush

codes: MXG MXE TEX

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 575


slug: castilleja-rubicundula

scientific: Castilleja rubicundula

authorship: (Jeps.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: rubicundula

preferred: cream sacs

name: Castilleja rubicundula subsp. lithospermoides

authorship: (Benth.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

Orthocarpus lithospermoides

authorship: Benth.

name: Orthocarpus lithospermoides var. bicolor

authorship: (A.Heller) Jeps.

name: Orthocarpus lithospermoides var. typicus

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 860 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Jeps.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard


slug: castilleja-rupicola

scientific: Castilleja rupicola

authorship: Piper ex Fernald

epithet: rupicola

preferred: cliff Indian paintbrush

codes: BRC ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 259 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cliff Indian paintbrush
Cliff Indian-paintbrush

authors: Piper

published_in: Erythea 6(no. 5): 45


slug: castilleja-scabrida

scientific: Castilleja scabrida

epithet: scabrida

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 523 (1902)

preferred: rough Indian paintbrush

codes: ARI COL NEV NWM UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
rough Indian paintbrush
Zion Indian paintbrush

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 523