slug: cardiospermum-corindum

scientific: Cardiospermum corindum

authorship: L.

genus: Cardiospermum

epithet: corindum

family: Sapindaceae

preferred: Balloon Vine

english:
Balloon Vine
faux persil

Cardiospermum alatum

authorship: Bremek. & Oberm.

Cardiospermum corindum f. angustisectum

authorship: (Griseb.) Radlk.

Cardiospermum corindum f. brachycarpum

authorship: Radlk.

Cardiospermum corindum f. loxense

authorship: (Kunth) Radlk.

Cardiospermum corindum f. parviflorum

authorship: (Cambess.) Radlk.

name: Cardiospermum corindum var. angustisectum

authorship: (Griseb.) F.A.Barkley

Cardiospermum corindum var. elongatum

authorship: (Radlk.) F.A.Barkley

Cardiospermum corindum var. leptocarpum

authorship: (Radlk.) Ferrucci

Cardiospermum corindum var. loxense

authorship: (Kunth) F.A.Barkley

name: Cardiospermum corindum var. subglabratum

Cardiospermum galapageium

authorship: B.L.Rob. & Greenm.

name: Cardiospermum halicacabum var. angustisectum

authorship: Griseb.

Cardiospermum keyense

authorship: Small

Cardiospermum loxense

authorship: Kunth

Cardiospermum molle

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Cardiospermum palmeri

authorship: Vasey & Rose

Cardiospermum parviflorum

authorship: Cambess.

Cardiospermum pechuelii

authorship: Kuntze

Cardiospermum pilosum

authorship: Turcz.

Cardiospermum pubescens

authorship: Griff.

authorship: Lag.

Cardiospermum villosum

authorship: Macfad.

authorship: Mill.

codes: ANG BOT CPV DJI ERI SWZ ETH GUI GGI KEN NAT NAM TVL SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM CHC SAU YEM IND MYA SRL MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS MRN AGE AGW BOL BZE BZS BZL CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GAL GUA HAI JAM LEE NLA PAR PER PUE TRT VEN WIN

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Djibouti

code: DJI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Guinea

code: GUI

region: West Tropical Africa

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 732 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Chrysoprasis aurigena
Heliconius erato cruentus
Leptotes parrhasioides
Melipona asilvai
Palpada vinetorum
Pepsis decorata
Polistes canadensis

partners:
Camarhynchus pallidus
Camarhynchus parvulus
Camarhynchus psittacula
Certhidea fusca
Certhidea olivacea
Chlorostrymon simaethis
Chrysoprasis aurigena
Coccyzus melacoryphus

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cardiospermum-grandiflorum

scientific: Cardiospermum grandiflorum

authorship: Sw.

epithet: grandiflorum

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. : 64 (1788)

preferred: showy balloonvine

source: wikidata

Cardiospermum barbicaule

authorship: Baker

Cardiospermum grandiflorum f. elegans

authorship: (Kunth) Radlk.

Cardiospermum grandiflorum f. hirsutum

authorship: (Willd.) Radlk.

name: Cardiospermum grandiflorum var. hirsutum

authorship: Hiern

Cardiospermum hirsutum

authorship: Willd.

Cardiospermum inflatum

authorship: Vell.

Cardiospermum velutinum

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Cardiospermum vesicarum

authorship: Humb.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ANG BEN BOT CAB CMN CPP CAF CON ZAI SWZ GHA GUI IVO KEN NAT LBR MLW NAM NGA TVL SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU ELS GUA GUY HON JAM NIC PAN PAR PER URU VEN

Angola

code: ANG

continent: AFRICA

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cabinda

code: CAB

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ghana

code: GHA

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

region: East Tropical Africa

Liberia

code: LBR

Malawi

code: MLW

Nigeria

code: NGA

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Togo

code: TOG

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1796 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: الطَّفْطَف المِخْمَلِيّ

names: Кардиоспермум крупноцветковый

names: シュッコンフウセンカズラ

names: Cardiosperme à grandes fleurs, Vigne-ballon à grandes fleurs, Pois-de-coeur à grandes fleurs, Corinde à grandes fleurs

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Anthidium florentinum
Eristalis pertinax
Syrphus

partners:
Leptocoris tagalicus
Chlorostrymon simaethis
Dasychira ampropoda
Deudorix antalus
Iguana
Unreared agromyzid sp.9

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: cardiospermum-halicacabum

scientific: Cardiospermum halicacabum

authorship: L.

epithet: halicacabum

preferred: Lesser Balloon Vine

english:
Lesser Balloon Vine
balloon vine

source: inat

Cardiospermum acuminatum

authorship: Miq.

Cardiospermum corycodes

authorship: Kunze

Cardiospermum glabrum

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

name: Cardiospermum halicacabum var. grandiflorum

name: Cardiospermum halicacabum var. halicacabum

Cardiospermum inflatum

authorship: Salisb.

Cardiospermum luridum

authorship: Blume

Cardiospermum moniliferum

authorship: Sw. ex Steud.

Corindum halicacabum

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Rhodiola biternata

authorship: Lour.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CVI CAF CHA COM CON ZAI EGY SWZ ETH OFS GAB GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LES LBR MDG MLW MLI MTN MAU MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA REU SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC CHS CHH NNS OMA SAU TAI YEM ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LDV LAO LSI MLY MDV MOL MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NTA QLD WAU MXI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS FIJ MRQ SCI AGE AGW BAH BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAR PER PUE SUR TRT TCI URU VEN VNA WIN

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cape Verde

code: CVI

region: Macaronesia

Chad

code: CHA

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1934 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Balloon vine, Black winter cherry, Heart pea, Heart seed

names: Кардиоспермум халикакабский

names: Cardiosperme des Indes, Pois-de-coeur des Indes

names:
โคกกระออม
kok kra om

names:
Καρδιόσπερμο το αλικάκαβο
Φαναράκια

partners:
Marpesia chiron marius
Microtia elva elva
Paraparatrechina sakurae

partners:
Amyna octo
Apis cerana
Chlorostrymon simaethis
Cyclargus thomasi
Hymenia perspectalis
Marpesia chiron marius
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Scirtothrips dorsalis

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: cardopatium-corymbosum

scientific: Cardopatium corymbosum

authorship: Pers.

genus: Cardopatium

epithet: corymbosum

family: Asteraceae

Broteroa boryi

authorship: Kuntze

Cardopatium apulum

authorship: Spach

Cardopatium vrionis

authorship: Boiss.

authorship: Heldr.

Cnicus horridus

authorship: Forssk.

codes: CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR GRC ITA KRI YUG SIC TUE

Cyprus

code: CYP

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 230 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кардопатиум щитковидный

names: נעצוצית סבוכה

license: CC0 / per-source

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Halictus tetrazonianellus
Petrorossia hespera
Physoclypeus vittatus
Sphex flavipennis
Thyreus ramosus

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Sphex flavipennis
Halictus tetrazonianellus
Hipparchia statilinus
Petrorossia hespera
Physocephala vittata
Thyreus ramosus
Xylocopa pubescens

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Lycaena phlaeas
Xylocopa violacea

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Pers.

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(2): 500

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: per photograph

field: care

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: carduncellus-caeruleus

scientific: Carduncellus caeruleus

authorship: (L.) Less.

genus: Carduncellus

epithet: caeruleus

published_in: Syn. Gen. Compos. 6. 1832 [Jul-Aug 1832]

Carduncellus caeruleus

authorship: (L.) C.Presl

name: Carduncellus caeruleus subsp. tingitanus

authorship: (L.) Rivas Goday & Rivas Mart.

Carduncellus tingitanus

authorship: DC. ex Duby

Carthamus caeruleus var. tingitanus

authorship: (L.) Ball

Carthamus carlinoides

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

Carthamus carolinensis

authorship: Hort.Trian. ex Buc'hoz

Lamottea caerulea var. centaureoides

authorship: Pomel

codes: ALG CNY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS TUR BAL COR FRA GRB GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 379 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Oedemera lurida
Oxythyrea funesta

authors: (L.) Less.


slug: carduncellus-dianius

scientific: Carduncellus dianius

authorship: Webb

epithet: dianius

published_in: Iter Hispan. : 33 (1838)

Carthamus dianius

authorship: (Webb) Coincy

authorship: (Webb) Sch.Bip.

Centaurea diania

authorship: (Webb) Knoche

Lamottea diania

authorship: (Webb) G.López

codes: BAL SPA

authors: Webb

published_in: Iter Hispan. [Webb] 33

field: toxicity

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: carduncellus-duvauxii

scientific: Carduncellus duvauxii

authorship: Batt. & Trab.

epithet: duvauxii

Carduncellus maroccanus

authorship: Coss. ex Jahand. & Maire

Carthamus duvauxii

authorship: (Batt. & Trab.) Prain

codes: ALG MOR

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Batt. & Trab.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 341, 390

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduncellus-mitissimus

scientific: Carduncellus mitissimus

epithet: mitissimus

name: Carduncellus mitissimus subsp. mitissimus

Carthamus humilis

authorship: Lam.

Carthamus mitissimus

authorship: L.

codes: FRA SPA

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 497 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Cardoncelle mou, Petit chardon sans épines, Mitine, Carduncelle doux,

authors: DC.

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 4: 73


slug: carduncellus-multifidus

scientific: Carduncellus multifidus

authorship: Coss.

epithet: multifidus

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 487 (1857)

Carthamus multifidus

authorship: Desf.

Carthamus multifidus var. simplex

authorship: Maire

Onobroma multifidum

authorship: (Desf.) Pomel

codes: ALG MOR TUN

authors: Coss.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 487

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduncellus-pectinatus

scientific: Carduncellus pectinatus

authorship: DC.

epithet: pectinatus

Carthamus pectinatus var. maroccanus

authorship: Faure & Maire

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduncellus-pinnatus

scientific: Carduncellus pinnatus

authorship: (Desf.) DC.

epithet: pinnatus

Carduncellus pinnatus var. acaulos

authorship: (C.Presl) Guss.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN BAL SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Desf.) DC.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: carduus-acanthoides

scientific: Carduus acanthoides

genus: Carduus

epithet: acanthoides

preferred: bristly thistle

english:
bristly thistle
plumeless thistle
spiny plumeless thistle
welted thistle

Carduus acuminatus

authorship: Gaud. ex Rchb.

Carduus camporum

authorship: Boiss.

Carduus crispus

authorship: Huds.

Carduus crispus var. litiginosus

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Carduus fortior

authorship: Klokov

Carduus martrinii

authorship: Martrin-Donos

Carduus medius subsp. martrinii

authorship: (Martrin-Donos) Kazmi

Carduus murfatlarii

authorship: Nyar. & Prodan

Carduus polyacanthus

authorship: Schreb.

Carduus ruderalis

authorship: Tausch ex Nyman

Carduus sinuatus

authorship: Gilib.

Carduus thessalus

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Carduus velebiticus

authorship: Borbás

codes: LBY CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KAZ KGZ KOR NCS CHQ CHT TCS TUR CHX PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SWE SWI TUE UKR

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Pakistan

code: PAK

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Allograpta
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus humilis
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus rupestris
Bombus sylvestris
Lasioglossum calceatum
Megachile pugnata

partners:
Chaetostomella cylindrica
Cheilosia mutabilis
Rhinocyllus conicus
Tephritis hyoscyami
Terellia serratulae
Terellia winthemi
Xyphosia miliaria
Acanthiophilus helianthi

partners:
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Microbotryum cardui
Puccinia calcitrapae
Puccinia cnici
Puccinia cnici-oleracei


slug: carduus-argentatus

scientific: Carduus argentatus

authorship: L.

epithet: argentatus

Carduus argentatus var. polycephalus

authorship: Post

Cirsium argentatum

authorship: (L.) Druce

codes: EGY LBY EAI LBS PAL SIN TUR PAK GRC KRI YUG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 247 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

value: annual

authors: L.

published_in: Mant. Pl. Altera 280


slug: carduus-argyroa

scientific: Carduus argyroa

authorship: Biv.

epithet: argyroa

published_in: Stirp. Rar. Sicilia 1: [7]. 1813

Carduus carlinoides

authorship: Durieu ex DC.

Carduus confertus

authorship: Moris

codes: ALG TUN FRA ITA SAR SIC

Algeria

code: ALG

Tunisia

code: TUN

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

authors: Biv.

published_in: Stirp. Rar. Sicilia 1: [7]


slug: carduus-carlinoides

scientific: Carduus carlinoides

authorship: Gouan

epithet: carlinoides

Carduus hispanicus

authorship: Bory ex DC.

Carduus paniculatus

authorship: Dulac

Carduus pyrenaicus

authorship: (L.) Kazmi

Cirsium paniculatum

authorship: Lam.

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 366 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chardon fausse carline
Chardon fausse-Carline

authors: Gouan

published_in: Ill. Observ. Bot. 62. t. 23


slug: carduus-carpetanus

scientific: Carduus carpetanus

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

epithet: carpetanus

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Hisp. 19, n. 35.

Carduus gayanus

authorship: DC.

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 227 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss. & Reut.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Hisp. 19, n. 35


slug: carduus-chrysacanthus

scientific: Carduus chrysacanthus

authorship: Ten.

epithet: chrysacanthus

published_in: Index Seminum (NAP, Neapolitano) 1825: 12

name: Carduus chrysacanthus subsp. chrysacanthus

name: Carduus chrysacanthus var. chrysacanthus

Carduus chrysacanthus var. semiglaber

authorship: Fiori

codes: ITA YUG

names:
Cardo alpino
Cardo appenninico

partners:
Hipparchia semele
Xylocopa

partners:
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Apis mellifera
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus mesomelas
Bombus monticola
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pyrenaeus

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

authors: Ten.

published_in: Index Seminum [Naples (Neapolitano)] 1825: 12


slug: carduus-clavulatus

scientific: Carduus clavulatus

authorship: Link

epithet: clavulatus

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. : 147 (1825)

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Lasioglossum viride
Pieris cheiranthi
Vanessa vulcania

label: Height

category: Size

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: purple

label: Flowering months

value: Apr-Jun

authors: Link

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 147

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduus-collinus

scientific: Carduus collinus

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

epithet: collinus

Carduus brachycephalus

authorship: Schur

Carduus cylindricus

authorship: Borbás

name: Cirsium polyanthemum subsp. polyanthemum

Cnicus collinus

authorship: Hornem.

Cnicus pungens

authorship: Willd.

Cnicus siculus

authorship: Guss.

codes: LBS CZE HUN ITA YUG POL ROM UKR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Hungary

code: HUN

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Чертополох холмовой

names: Будяк пагорбовий

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Waldst. & Kit.

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 257, t. 232

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduus-crispus-l

scientific: Carduus crispus

authorship: L.

epithet: crispus

preferred: curly plumeless thistle

source: usda

Carduus acanthoides subsp. multiflorus

authorship: (Gaudin) Nyman

Carduus crispus subsp. agrestis

authorship: Vollm.

Carduus crispus subsp. incanus

authorship: (Klok.) Soó

Carduus crispus subsp. occidentalis

authorship: Chass. & Arènes

Carduus crispus var. albus

authorship: Makino

Carduus crispus var. integrifolius

authorship: Rchb.

Carduus crispus var. microcephalus

authorship: Domin

Carduus crispus var. multiflorus

authorship: (Gaudin) DC.

Carduus fissurae

authorship: Nyár.

Carduus incanus

authorship: Klokov

Carduus inclinans

authorship: Stokes

Carduus multiflorus

authorship: Gaudin

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA IRK KAZ KHA KGZ KRA MON NCS PRM TCS TVA WSB YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Primorye

code: PRM

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Denmark

code: DEN

East European Russia

code: RUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus rupestris
Bombus sylvarum
Bombus terrestris
Episyrphus balteatus
Andrena labialis
Anthomyiidae

partners:
Aglais urticae
Aphantopus hyperantus
Argynnis paphia
Boloria selene
Bombus barbutellus
Bombus campestris
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum

partners:
Aethes cnicana
Agonopterix subpropinquella
Aphis fabae
Apteropeda orbiculata
Cassida rubiginosa
Cassida vibex
Ceratapion carduorum
Chloris chloris


slug: carduus-crispus-guirao-ex-nyman

authorship: Guirao ex Nyman

english:
curly plumeless thistle
welted thistle

names:
welted thistle
curly plumeless thistle

names: 飞廉 丝毛飞廉

names:
chardon crépu
Chardon crepu

names: Bantörel Söttörel

names:
Cypres-Vortemælk
Kruset tidsel

names: kyläkarhiainen Tarhatyräkki

names:
Sypressvortemjølk
gemeen istel

names:
Ysgall Crych
Ysgall Crychion

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: biennial

authors: Guirao ex Nyman

published_in: Consp. Fl. Eur. 2: 413

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: carduus-defloratus

scientific: Carduus defloratus

epithet: defloratus

Carduus argemone

authorship: Lam.

Carduus argemone subsp. obtusisquamus

authorship: Franco

Carduus barrelieri

authorship: Bertol.

authorship: Bertol. ex Nyman

Carduus carlinaefolius

authorship: Nyman

name: Carduus carlinifolius subsp. carlinifolius

Carduus carlinifolius subsp. paui

authorship: (Devesa & Talavera) Mateo

Carduus cirsioides

authorship: Vill.

name: Carduus crassifolius subsp. crassifolius

Carduus crassifolius subsp. glaucus

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Kazmi

Carduus defloratus subsp. argemone

authorship: (Pourr. ex Lam.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Carduus defloratus subsp. crassifolius

authorship: (Willd.) Hayek

Carduus defloratus subsp. medioformis

authorship: (Rouy) Braun-Blanq. & al.

Carduus defloratus subsp. spinulosus

authorship: (Bertol.) Nyman

Carduus defloratus subsp. tridentinus

authorship: (Evers) Ladurner

Carduus defloratus subsp. viridis

authorship: (A.Kern.) Nyman

Carduus defloratus var. rhaeticus

authorship: DC.

Carduus glaucinus

authorship: Holub

Carduus glaucophyllus

authorship: Desf. ex DC.

Carduus medioformis

authorship: Rouy

Carduus medius

authorship: Gouan

Carduus montosus

authorship: Pollini

Carduus pannonicus

authorship: Schleich. ex DC.

Carduus paui

authorship: Devesa & Talavera

Carduus prasinus

authorship: Glaab

Carduus rhaeticus

authorship: (DC.) A.Kern.

Carduus transalpinus

authorship: Suter

Carduus tridentinus

authorship: Evers

Carduus vindobonensis

authorship: Beck

Cirsium defloratum

authorship: Scop.

Cirsium leucostylum

authorship: Moench

Cnicus pauciflorus

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

codes: AUT CZE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA SWI UKR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2027 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Berg-Distel Alpen-Distel

names:
Chardon decapite
Chardon décapité

partners:
Bombus sylvestris
Erebia ligea
Helophilus trivittatus
Megachile ligniseca
Bombus
Bombus lucorum
Eristalis tenax
Helophilus pendulus

partners:
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Acanthis flammea
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia asphodeli
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana
Agonopterix arenella


slug: carduus-hamulosus

scientific: Carduus hamulosus

authorship: Ehrh.

epithet: hamulosus

Carduus hamulosus subsp. pseudocollinus

authorship: (Schmalh.) Soó

Carduus hamulosus subsp. sordidus

authorship: (DC.) Soó

Carduus stenocephalus

authorship: Tamamsch.

Carduus tauricus

authorship: Klokov

Carduus tortuosus

authorship: Gorl. & Ye.M.Kondr.

authorship: Gorl. & Kondr.

codes: IRN KAZ NCS TCS TUR BLR BUL CZE RUE GRC HUN KRY YUG ROM RUS UKR

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Belarus

code: BLR

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

South European Russia

code: RUS

lifeform: biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 153 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Haken-Distel Haken-Ringdistel

value: 1 m


slug: carduus-litigiosus

scientific: Carduus litigiosus

authorship: Nocca & Balb.

epithet: litigiosus

Carduus arenarius

authorship: DC.

Carduus candollei

authorship: Moretti

Carduus candollei subsp. intricatus

authorship: (Rchb.) Nyman

Carduus decandollei

authorship: Steud.

Carduus horridissimus

authorship: (Briq. & Cavill.) Landolt

Carduus litigiosus var. horridissimus

authorship: Briq. & Cavill.

Carduus montanus

authorship: Suffren ex DC.

Carduus sanctae-balmae

authorship: Loisel.

Cnicus arenarius

authorship: Willd.

codes: FRA ITA

France

code: FRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Nocca & Balb.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduus-macrocephalus

scientific: Carduus macrocephalus

authorship: Coss. ex Willk. & Lange

epithet: macrocephalus

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus terrestris africanus
Hyles livornica
Oxythyrea funesta
Xylocopa violacea

partners:
Bombus terrestris africanus
Oxythyrea funesta

value: 2 m


slug: carduus-maroccanus

scientific: Carduus maroccanus

authorship: (Arènes) Kazmi

epithet: maroccanus

published_in: Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München v. 347 (1964)

Carduus granatensis var. maurus

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Pau

Carduus nutans subsp. maroccanus

authorship: Arènes

Carduus nutans subsp. maurus

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Greuter

Carduus platypus subsp. adpressus

authorship: Andr.

Carduus platypus var. maurus

authorship: Emb. & Maire

Morocco

code: MOR

authors: (Arènes) Kazmi

published_in: Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 347

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduus-nigrescens

scientific: Carduus nigrescens

authorship: Vill.

epithet: nigrescens

published_in: Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné : 30 (1779)

Carduus assoi

authorship: Willk.

authorship: (Willk.) Devesa & Talavera

Carduus assoi subsp. hispanica

authorship: (Franco) Devesa & Talavera

Carduus australis

authorship: Jord.

Carduus chrysacanthus subsp. hispanicus

authorship: Franco

Carduus controversus

authorship: Sudre

Carduus granatensis var. gracilis

authorship: Rouy ex Willk.

Carduus nigrescens

authorship: Mutel ex Nyman

Carduus nigrescens subsp. recurvatus

authorship: (Jord.) Briq. & Cavill.

Carduus nigrescens subsp. spiniger

authorship: (Jord.) P.Fourn.

Carduus nigrescens var. assoi

authorship: (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Carduus recurvatus

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

Carduus subcarlinoides

authorship: Sennen & Pau

Carduus subcarlinoides subsp. gracilis

authorship: (Rouy ex Willkomm) Fern.Casas

name: Carduus subcarlinoides subsp. subcarlinoides

Carduus virgatus

authorship: Rouy

Carduus vivariensis subsp. assoi

authorship: (Willk.) Kazmi

Carduus vivariensis subsp. australis

authorship: Nyman

codes: FRA ITA SPA

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chardon noircissant, Chardon noirâtre
Chardon noirâtre

authors: Vill.

published_in: Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 30


slug: carduus-numidicus

scientific: Carduus numidicus

authorship: Coss. & Durieu

epithet: numidicus

published_in: Explor. Pl. Alger. t. 49.

Algeria

code: ALG

authors: Coss. & Durieu

published_in: Explor. Pl. Alger. t. 49


slug: carduus-nutans

scientific: Carduus nutans

authorship: L.

epithet: nutans

preferred: musk thistle

english:
musk thistle
Musk Thistle
nodding plumeless thistle
nodding thistle

Ascalea nutans

authorship: (L.) Hill

Carduus aggregatus

authorship: Schleich.

Carduus alpicola

authorship: Gillot

Carduus amansii

authorship: Boreau ex Debeaux

Carduus appeninus

authorship: Jan ex DC.

Carduus armenus

authorship: Boiss.

Carduus atlanticus

authorship: Pomel

Carduus attenuatus

authorship: Klokov

Carduus coloratus

authorship: (C.Winkl.) Tamamsch.

Carduus engadinensis

authorship: Rouy ex Gillot

Carduus granatensis

authorship: Willk.

Carduus hamulosus

authorship: Ten.

Carduus kondratjukii

authorship: Gorl.

Carduus latisquamus

authorship: Freyn & Conrath ex Freyn

Carduus lecophyllus

authorship: Bornm.

Carduus leiophyllus

authorship: Petrovič

Carduus leiophyllus var. vestitus

authorship: Halácsy

Carduus leptophyllus

authorship: Gaudin

Carduus longispinus

authorship: (Moris) Arcang.

Carduus lucidus

authorship: Wall.

Carduus macrocephalus

authorship: Desf.

Carduus macrocephalus var. kabylicus

authorship: Maire

name: Carduus macrocephalus var. macrocephalus

Carduus macrocephalus var. narcissii

authorship: Sennen

Carduus macrolepis

authorship: Peterm.

Carduus nigrescens subsp. hamulosus

authorship: (Ehrh.) Arènes

Carduus numidicus var. porpinquus

authorship: Batt.

Carduus nutans

authorship: Boiss. ex Nyman

Carduus nutans f. alpicola

authorship: (Gillot) Gillot

Carduus nutans f. perspinosus

authorship: Fiori

Carduus nutans subsp. attenuatus

authorship: (Klokov) Tzvelev

Carduus nutans subsp. macrocephalus

authorship: (Desf.) K.Richt.

authorship: (Desf.) Gugler

Carduus nutans subsp. macrolepis

authorship: (Peterm.) Kazmi

Carduus nutans subsp. scabrisquamus

authorship: Arènes

Carduus nutans subsp. sporadum

authorship: (Halácsy) Rech.f.

Carduus nutans var. atlanticus

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

Carduus nutans var. brachycentros

authorship: Hausskn.

Carduus nutans var. latisquamus

authorship: Belli

Carduus nutans var. leiophyllus

authorship: (Petrovič) Arènes

Carduus nutans var. longipedunculatus

authorship: Kauffm.

Carduus nutans var. longispinus

authorship: Moris

Carduus nutans var. macrocephalus

authorship: (Desf.) B.Boivin

Carduus nutans var. macrolepis

authorship: (Peterm.) Rouy

Carduus nutans var. micropterus

authorship: Borbás

Carduus nutans var. phyllolepis

authorship: (Willk.) Rivas Mart., T.E.Díaz, Fern.Prieto, Loidi & Penas

Carduus nutans var. platylepis

authorship: (Rchb. & Saut.) Unger

Carduus nutans var. simplex

authorship: Coss. & Germ.

Carduus nutans var. songaricus

authorship: C.Winkl. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.

Carduus nutans var. taygeteus

authorship: (Boiss. & Heldr.) Heldr.

Carduus nutans var. vestitus

authorship: (Hallier) B.Boivin

Carduus platypus

authorship: Lange

Carduus platypus subsp. granatensis

authorship: (Willk.) Malag.

authorship: (Willk.) Nyman

Carduus polyanthemus

authorship: Schreb.

Carduus propinquus

authorship: Pomel ex Batt. & Trab.

Carduus sandwithii

authorship: Kazmi

Carduus schischkinii

authorship: Tamamsch.

Carduus thoermeri

authorship: Weinm.

Carduus thoermeri subsp. armenus

authorship: (Boiss.) Kazmi

Carduus thoermeri subsp. numidicus

authorship: (Coss. & Durieu) Kazmi

Cnicus lucidus

authorship: Wall. ex DC.

codes: ALG MOR TUN AFG ALT BRY CTA EAI IRN IRK KAZ KGZ KRA LBS MON TZK TCS TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUW POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1991 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nickende Distel
Artengruppe Nickende Distel

names: Наведен магарешки бодил

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena pellucens
Anthidium
Atrytone delaware
Bombus cent/flavi
Bombus flavidus
Chersotis cuprea
Colletes mlokossewiczi

partners:
Bombus affinis
Bombus appositus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus borealis
Bombus centralis
Bombus citrinus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Urophora stylata
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Acanthis flammea
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia asphodeli
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii
Agapanthia villosoviridescens

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: carduus-personata

scientific: Carduus personata

authorship: (L.) Jacq.

epithet: personata

Arctium personata

authorship: L.

Carduus arctioides

authorship: Vill.

Carduus bicolorifolius

authorship: Klokov

Carduus leucanthemos

authorship: Schur

Carduus personata var. albidus

authorship: (Adamov.) Kazmi

Carduus personata var. spinosissimus

authorship: Willk.

Carduus personatus

authorship: Gaertn.

Cirsium lappaceum

authorship: Lam.

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA GER GRC ITA YUG POL ROM SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 574 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Kletten-Distel Berg-Distel

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Andrena polita

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous


slug: carduus-pycnocephalus

scientific: Carduus pycnocephalus

epithet: pycnocephalus

preferred: Italian thistle

english:
Italian thistle
Italian plumeless thistle

Carduus arabicus

authorship: Jacq. ex Murray

Carduus arabicus subsp. cinereus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Kazmi

Carduus brevisquamus

authorship: (Fiori) Sommier

Carduus halacsyi

authorship: Heldr.

Carduus intermedius

authorship: Lojac.

Carduus marmoratus

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. arabicus

authorship: (Jacq. ex Murray) Nyman

name: Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. breviphyllarius

name: Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. lopadusanus

authorship: Arcang.

name: Carduus pycnocephalus var. pycnocephalus

Carduus tenuiflorus var. albidus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) DC.

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MOR TUN AFG CYP EAI GST IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ KUW LBS NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLR BGM BUL COR DEN RUE FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE TUE UKR

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Kuwait

code: KUW

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Italian plumeless thistle
Italian thistle

names:
Knaeuelkoepfige Distel
Knäuelköpfige Distel

names:
Chardon a capitules denses
Chardon à tête dense

partners:
Lasioglossum
Agapostemon texanus
Anthophora urbana
Apis mellifera
Ashmeadiella californica
Ashmeadiella difugita emarginatula
Auca coctei
Auca pales

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Acmaeodera prorsa
Alloscirtetica tristrigata
Andrena nigrocaerulea
Anthidium chilense
Anthidium manicatum
Anthocharis cardamines

partners:
Acontia lucida
Aelia rostrata
Agapanthia alternans
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia suturalis
Aglais urticae
Anthocharis sara
Aporia crataegi

partners:
Eresia aveyrona mylitta
Vanessa cardui
Brachycaudus cardui
Chaetostomella cylindrica
Terellia serratulae
Urophora stylata
Acmaeodera hepburnii
Aethes cnicana


slug: carduus-spachianus

scientific: Carduus spachianus

authorship: Durieu

epithet: spachianus

published_in: Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 1: 361. 1846

Carduus atlantis

authorship: Humbert & Maire

Carduus atlantis subsp. megalatlanticus

authorship: (Maire) Emb.

authorship: (Emb.) Maire

Carduus duriaei

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

Carduus megalatlanticus

authorship: Emb. ex Maire

authorship: Emb.

Carduus meonanthus subsp. duriaei

authorship: (Boiss. & Reut.) Quézel & Santa

Carduus meonanthus subsp. spachianus

authorship: (Durieu) Maire

Carduus pteracanthus var. leptocladus

authorship: Batt.

name: Carduus pteracanthus var. submyriacanthus

authorship: Maire

Carduus pteracanthus var. tunetanus

authorship: Murb.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

partners:
Papilio polyxenes
Spinus tristis

authors: Durieu

published_in: Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 1: 361

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carduus-squarrosus

scientific: Carduus squarrosus

authorship: DC. ex Lowe

epithet: squarrosus

published_in: Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: reimpr. 18 (1838)

Clavena squarrosa

authorship: DC.

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: DC. ex Lowe

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: carduus-tenuiflorus

scientific: Carduus tenuiflorus

authorship: Curtis

epithet: tenuiflorus

published_in: Fl. Londin. 6: t. 55

preferred: slender thistle

english:
slender thistle
winged plumeless thistle

Carduus argiroa

authorship: Nyman

Carduus argyroa

authorship: Kunze

Carduus microcephalus

authorship: Gaudin

name: Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. tenuiflorus

authorship: (Curtis) Batt.

Carduus pycnocephalus var. corbariensis

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr. & Thévenau) Rouy

Carduus pycnocephalus var. spinulosus

authorship: Pau

Carduus pycnocephalus var. tenuiflorus

authorship: (Curtis) Ball

codes: ALG AZO CNY MDR MOR TUN BAL BGM COR FRA GRB IRE ITA NET POR SAR SIC SPA SWI

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Baleares

code: BAL

Belgium

code: BGM

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

Netherlands

code: NET

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1989 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: cardo cardo-de-flores-delgadas

names:
Dünnköpfige Distel
Schmalköpfige Distel

names:
chardon à capitules grêles
Chardon à petits capitules

names: hoikkakarhiainen Hoikkamykerökarhiainen

names: blouklossiedissel klossiesdisseldoring

names:
Ysgal Penfainedd
Ysgall Blodfain

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Halictus scabiosae
Osmia leaiana
Aglais urticae
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Aglais urticae
Aphantopus hyperantus
Argynnis paphia
Boloria selene
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum

partners:
Apis mellifera
Aricia cramera
Aspidapion radiolus
Brachycaudus cardui
Carduelis carduelis
Carpocoris mediterraneus
Carpocoris mediterraneus atlanticus
Cassida deflorata

partners:
Pieris rapae
Terellia serratulae
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia asphodeli
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: carduus-uncinatus

scientific: Carduus uncinatus

epithet: uncinatus

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 553 (Dec 1819 or early 182

Carduus hamulosus subsp. uncinatus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Elenevsky & Derv.-Sok.

codes: IRN KAZ KGZ NCS TZK TCS TKM RUC RUE KRY RUN ROM RUS UKR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

Krym

code: KRY

North European Russia

code: RUN

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 884 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Чертополох крючковатый

names: Будяк гачкуватий

names: Чартапалох кручочкавы

partners:
Mylabris quadripunctata
Oxythyrea funesta

value: May-Aug

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 553

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cardwellia-sublimis

scientific: Cardwellia sublimis

genus: Cardwellia

epithet: sublimis

family: Proteaceae

preferred: Northern silky oak

Queensland

code: QLD

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
Northern silky oak
Bull Oak

partners:
Anonychomyrma gilberti
Castiarina hasenpuschi
Castiarina hawkeswoodi
Castiarina hemizostera
Castiarina luteofusca
Castiarina prolata
Castiarina tenebrosa
Castiarina venusta

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: woody

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: carex-abrupta

scientific: Carex abrupta

authorship: Mack.

genus: Carex

epithet: abrupta

family: Cyperaceae

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 618 (1916 publ. 1917)

preferred: abruptbeak sedge

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

names:
abruptbeak sedge
abrupt-beaked sedge

value: graminoid

value: geophyte

authors: Mack.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 618


slug: carex-abscondita

scientific: Carex abscondita

epithet: abscondita

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 244 (1910)

preferred: thicket sedge

Carex abscondita var. glauca

authorship: (Chapm.) Fernald

Carex abscondita var. rostellata

authorship: Fernald

Carex digitalis var. glauca

authorship: Chapm.

Carex ptychocarpa

authorship: Steud.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL KTY LOU MRY MAS MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OKL PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: carex-accrescens

scientific: Carex accrescens

authorship: Ohwi

epithet: accrescens

published_in: Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 6(5): 255 (1931)

Carex accrescens var. sylvipaludosa

authorship: Luchnik

Carex pallida f. angustifolia

authorship: (Y.L.Chang) Y.L.Chou

Carex pallida var. daubichensis

authorship: Kom.

Carex pallida var. papillosa

authorship: Kük.

Carex siccata subsp. pallida

authorship: Kük. & Matsum.

codes: CHI JAP KAM KOR KUR MAG CHM MON PRM SAK YAK

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Осока бледная

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: Jun-Aug

authors: Ohwi

published_in: Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. vi. 255 (1931)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: carex-acicularis

scientific: Carex acicularis

authorship: Boott

epithet: acicularis

Carex inconspicua

authorship: Colenso

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand North

code: NZN

region: New Zealand

New Zealand South

code: NZS

climate: subalpine or subarctic

value: evergreen

value: perennial

authors: Boott

published_in: in Hook. f., Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.). 1: 280, t. 63

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: carex-acuta

scientific: Carex acuta

authorship: L.

epithet: acuta

preferred: Slender Tufted-sedge

Carex acuta f. amblylepis

authorship: Peterm.

Carex acuta f. fluviatilis

authorship: (Hartm.) Almq.

Carex acuta f. graciliflora

authorship: Legrand

Carex acuta f. gracilis

authorship: (Curtis) Sanio

Carex acuta f. personata

authorship: (Fr.) Almq.

Carex acuta f. tourangiana

authorship: (Boreau) Sanio

Carex acuta f. zygostachya

authorship: Rchb.

Carex acuta prol. moenchiana

authorship: (Nyman) Rouy

Carex acuta prol. tricostata

authorship: (Fr.) Rouy

Carex acuta subsp. intermedia

authorship: Čelak.

Carex acuta subsp. personata

authorship: (Fr.) P.Fourn.

Carex acuta subsp. ruffa

authorship: (L.) Ehrh.

Carex acuta var. amblylepis

authorship: (Peterm.) Nyman

Carex acuta var. anomala

authorship: Hartm.

Carex acuta var. colorata

authorship: (F.Nyl.) Nyl. & Saelán

Carex acuta var. graciliflora

authorship: (Legrand) Rouy

Carex acuta var. integrirostris

authorship: Regel

Carex acuta var. major

authorship: Gray

Carex acuta var. minor

authorship: Trevir.

Carex acuta var. moenchiana

authorship: Nyman

Carex acuta var. personata

authorship: Fr.

Carex acuta var. polystachia

authorship: Lej.

Carex acuta var. sparsiflora

authorship: Dewey

Carex acuta var. stenophylla

authorship: Rouy

Carex acuta var. touranginiana

authorship: (Boreau) Rouy

Carex acuta var. tricostata

authorship: (Fr.) Crép.

Carex ambigua

authorship: Moench

Carex brunnea var. minor

authorship: (Boott) Kük.

Carex cespitosa var. gracilis

authorship: (Curtis) Fiori

Carex gracilis

authorship: Curtis

Carex gracilis f. amblylepis

authorship: (Peterm.) Asch. & Graebn.

Carex gracilis f. angustiglumis

authorship: Podp.

Carex gracilis f. corynophora

authorship: (Peterm.) Kük.

Carex gracilis f. furcata

authorship: Junge

Carex gracilis f. graciliflora

authorship: (Legrand) Soó

Carex gracilis f. pedicellata

authorship: (Peterm.) Soó

Carex gracilis f. personata

authorship: (Fr.) Lindm.

Carex gracilis f. podperae

authorship: Soó

Carex gracilis f. protensa

authorship: (Fr.) Kük.

Carex gracilis f. rudis

authorship: (Wimm.) Kük.

Carex gracilis f. seminuda

authorship: (Beck) Kük.

Carex gracilis f. zygostachya

authorship: (Rchb.) Kük.

Carex gracilis subsp. intermedia

authorship: (Čelak.) Soó

Carex gracilis subsp. tricostata

authorship: (Fr.) Suess.

Carex gracilis var. approximata

authorship: Kük. ex Junge

Carex gracilis var. chlorotica

authorship: (Čelak.) Kük.

Carex gracilis var. fluviatilis

authorship: (Hartm.) Kük.

Carex gracilis var. mucronata

authorship: Maire

Carex gracilis var. sphaerocarpa

authorship: (R.Uechtr.) Kük.

Carex gracilis var. strictifolia

authorship: (Rchb.) Asch.

Carex gracilis var. tricostata

authorship: (Fr.) Asch.

Carex lilibaea

authorship: Lojac.

Carex miliacea

authorship: Krock.

Carex moenchiana

authorship: Wender.

Carex personata

authorship: (Fr.) C.B.Clarke

Carex podperae

authorship: Otruba

Carex pratensis

authorship: Hosé

codes: AZO ALT IRN KAZ KGZ LBS MON NCS TCS TUR WSB YAK ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1744 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hesgen tywysennau main
Hesg Tywysennau Main

partners:
Delphacodes capnodes
Megamelodes quadrimaculatus
Anakelisia fasciata
Anthomyza collini
Anthomyza gracilis
Anthomyza neglecta
Cicadula frontalis
Donacia aquatica

partners:
Aprostocetus planiusculus
Myriosclerotinia sulcatula
Puccinia caricina
Puccinia caricina var. pringsheimiana
Puccinia urticata

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-acutiformis

scientific: Carex acutiformis

authorship: Ehrh.

epithet: acutiformis

published_in: Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4: 43 (1789)

preferred: Lesser Pond-Sedge

english:
Lesser Pond-Sedge
lesser pond sedge
lesser pond-sedge

Carex acutiformis f. depauperata

authorship: (Lange) Kük.

Carex acutiformis f. gracilior

authorship: Kük.

Carex acutiformis f. maxima

authorship: (Urb.) Kük.

Carex acutiformis f. minor

authorship: Peterm.

Carex acutiformis f. spadicea

authorship: (Nyman) Asch. & Graebn.

authorship: (Hartm.) Neuman

Carex acutiformis subsp. kochiana

authorship: (DC.) K.Richt.

Carex acutiformis var. abbreviata

authorship: Beck

Carex acutiformis var. kochiana

authorship: (DC.) Garcke

Carex acutiformis var. spadicea

authorship: (Hartm.) Asch. & Graebn.

Carex intermedia

authorship: Suter

Carex kochiana

authorship: DC.

Carex olgae

authorship: Regel

Carex paludosa

authorship: Gooden.

Carex paludosa f. depauperata

authorship: Lange

Carex paludosa prol. spadicea

authorship: (Hartm.) Rouy

Carex paludosa subsp. kochiana

authorship: (DC.) Arcang.

Carex paludosa var. kochiana

authorship: (DC.) Gaudin

Carex paludosa var. spadicea

authorship: Hartm.

authorship: Nyman

Carex rigens

authorship: Thuill.

Carex riparia

authorship: Geners.

Carex riparia var. acutiformis

authorship: (Ehrh.) Fiori

Carex rufa

authorship: Schrank

Carex spadicea

authorship: Roth

Carex spadicea f. maxima

authorship: Urb.

Carex spadicea var. kochiana

authorship: (DC.) Crép.

Edritria paludosa

authorship: (Gooden.) Raf.

Trasus paludosus

authorship: (Gooden.) Gray

codes: ALG CPP ERI ETH OFS NAT LES MOR TVL TAN UGA AFG ALT IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS NCS PAL TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Morocco

code: MOR

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

Uganda

code: UGA

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1093 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hesgen Ganolig-Dywysennog
Hesgen-y-Dŵr Fach

partners:
Anthomyza neglecta
Donacia impressa
Cerodontha eucaricis
Coccidula rufa
Donacia aquatica
Acanthis flammea
Acanthophiobolus helicosporus
Agramma ruficorne

partners: Puccinia urticata var. urticae-acutiformis

partners:
Clasterosporium caricinum
Gaeumannomyces graminis


slug: carex-adelostoma

scientific: Carex adelostoma

epithet: adelostoma

preferred: Circumpolar sedge

english:
Circumpolar sedge
circumpolar sedge

Carex buxbaumii subsp. alpina

authorship: (Hartm.) Liro

Carex buxbaumii subsp. mutica

authorship: (Hartm.) Isov.

Carex polygama subsp. alpina

authorship: (Hartm.) A.Cajander

Carex polygama subsp. mutica

authorship: (Hartm.) Cajander

codes: WSB YAK RUE FIN ICE RUN NOR SWE ASK LAB MAN NWT NUN

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

Iceland

code: ICE

North European Russia

code: RUN

Norway

code: NOR

Sweden

code: SWE

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
circumpolar sedge
Morrissey's sedge

names: Осока неясноустая

names:
carex de Morrissey
carex à bec obscur

names: vuomasara Lapinnuijasara


slug: carex-adusta

scientific: Carex adusta

authorship: Boott

epithet: adusta

preferred: lesser brown sedge

Carex albolutescens var. glomerata

authorship: Olney ex L.H.Bailey

Carex mirabilis var. adusta

authorship: (Boott) Prov.

codes: ABT BRC MAI MAN MIC MIN NWY NFL NSC ONT QUE SAS WIS

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Maine

code: MAI

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
lesser brown sedge
browned sedge

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Hooker) 2(11): 215


slug: carex-aethiopica

scientific: Carex aethiopica

authorship: Schkuhr

epithet: aethiopica

published_in: Beschr. Riedgräs. 1: 107 (1801)

Carex aethiopica var. iridifolia

authorship: (Kunth) C.B.Clarke

Carex iridifolia

authorship: Kunth

Carex laevigata

authorship: Wahlenb.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: helophyte

authors: Schkuhr

published_in: Beschr. Riedgräs. i. 107. t. Z. f. 83

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-agastachys

scientific: Carex agastachys

epithet: agastachys

Carex maxima var. angustifolia

authorship: Albov

Carex mutabilis

authorship: Willd.

Carex pendula subsp. agastachys

authorship: (L.f.) Ljungstrand

Carex pendula var. angustifolia

authorship: (Albov) Kük.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BGM BUL CZE GER GRC HUN KRY YUG NET POL ROM UKR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 414


slug: carex-aggregata

scientific: Carex aggregata

authorship: Mack.

epithet: aggregata

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 246 (1910)

preferred: glomerate sedge

Carex sparganioides var. aggregata

authorship: (Mack.) Gleason

codes: ALA DEL WDC ILL INI IOW KTY MRY MIN MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN SCA SDA TEN VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
glomerate sedge
crowded sedge


slug: carex-alascana

scientific: Carex alascana

authorship: Boeckeler

epithet: alascana

Carex cobresiiformis

authorship: A.I.Baranov & Skvortsov

Carex gynocrates var. substaminata

authorship: Peck

Carex monosperma

authorship: Macoun

codes: JAP KAM KRA KUR MAG CHM PRM SAK YAK ASK ABT ALU BRC COL GNL IDA LAB MAI MAN MIC MIN MNT NEV NBR NWM NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC NUN ONT ORE PEN QUE SAS UTA WAS WIS WYO YUK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Greenland

code: GNL

Idaho

code: IDA

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Dakota

code: NDA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Осока женосильная

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-alata

scientific: Carex alata

authorship: Torr.

epithet: alata

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 396 (1836)

preferred: broadwing sedge

Carex alata var. pulchra

authorship: Olney

Carex albolutescens var. alata

authorship: (Torr.) Kük.

Carex straminea var. alata

authorship: (Torr.) Boeckeler

authorship: (Torr.) L.H.Bailey

Kolerma alata

authorship: (Torr.) Raf.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG


slug: carex-alba

scientific: Carex alba

authorship: Scop.

epithet: alba

Carex ajanensis

authorship: Vorosch.

Carex alba f. aprica

authorship: Kük.

Carex argentea

authorship: Vill.

Carex duerrnbergeri

authorship: Ritzb.

Carex inclusa

authorship: Turcz. ex Boott

Carex nemorosa

authorship: Schrank

codes: ALT KAZ KHA KGZ MON NCS TCS WSB CHX YAK AUT CZE RUE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG RUN POL ROM RUS SPA SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

code: AUT

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

North European Russia

code: RUN

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1061 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Weiße Segge
Weisse Segge

names:
Laiche blanche
Laîche blanche

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Agramma laetum
Agramma ruficorne
Aiolopus thalassinus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anaphothrips badius
Anas acuta


slug: carex-albicans

scientific: Carex albicans

authorship: Willd. ex Spreng.

epithet: albicans

preferred: whitetinge sedge

Carex alpestris

authorship: Dewey

Carex artitecta

authorship: Mack.

Carex artitecta f. colorata

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) D.S.Carp.

Carex emmonsii

authorship: Dewey ex Torr.

Carex emmonsii var. australis

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) Rettig

Carex emmonsii var. colorata

authorship: Howe

Carex emmonsii var. muhlenbergii

authorship: (A.Gray ex Torr.) Rettig

Carex lucorum var. emmonsii

authorship: (Dewey ex Torr.) Chapm.

Carex nigromarginata f. minor

authorship: Boeckeler

Carex nigromarginata var. minor

authorship: (Boott) Gleason

Carex nigromarginata var. muhlenbergii

authorship: (A.Gray ex Torr.) Gleason

Carex novae-angliae var. collecta

authorship: (Dewey) Dewey

Carex novae-angliae var. emmonsii

authorship: (Dewey ex Torr.) J.Carey

Carex pensylvanica var. muehlenbergii

authorship: A.Gray ex Torr.

Carex physochynchia

authorship: Steud.

Carex physorhyncha

authorship: Liebm. ex Steud.

Carex rhynchophysa

authorship: Liebm.

Carex varia

authorship: Willd. ex Wahlenb.

authorship: Muhl. ex Wahlenb.

Carex varia f. australis

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) Kük.

Carex varia var. minor

authorship: Boott

Loxotrema alpestris

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 536 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-albolutescens

scientific: Carex albolutescens

authorship: Schwein.

epithet: albolutescens

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1: 66 (1828)

preferred: greenwhite sedge

Carex alata var. ferruginea

authorship: (A.Gray) Fernald

Carex albolutescens var. brunnea

authorship: Olney ex A.Gray

Carex albolutescens var. ferruginea

authorship: (A.Gray) Kük.

Carex festucacea var. ferruginea

authorship: (A.Gray) Farw.

Carex foenea

authorship: Muhl. ex Torr.

Carex straminea var. ferruginea

authorship: (A.Gray) L.H.Bailey

Carex straminea var. foenea

authorship: Torr.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MXT MIC MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA CLM VEN

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York i. (1828) 66


slug: carex-albursina

scientific: Carex albursina

epithet: albursina

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 284 (1893)

preferred: white bear sedge

Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia

authorship: (Boott) Gilly

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Hampshire

code: NWH

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Québec

code: QUE

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1425 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
carex du lac à l'Ours-Blanc
carex de l'ours blanc


slug: carex-allanii

scientific: Carex allanii

authorship: Hamlin

epithet: allanii

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Bot. 1: 272 (1962)

New Zealand South

code: NZS

region: New Zealand

authors: Hamlin

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., Bot. i. 272 (1962)


slug: carex-alopecoidea

scientific: Carex alopecoidea

authorship: Tuck.

epithet: alopecoidea

published_in: Enum. Meth. Caric. : 18 (1843)

preferred: foxtail sedge

Carex alopecoidea var. sparsispicata

authorship: Dewey

codes: CNT DEL WDC ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN NWJ NWY NDA NSC OHI ONT PEN QUE SAS TEN VER WIS

Delaware

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Michigan

code: MIC

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Dakota

code: NDA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Tennessee

code: TEN

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 169 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
foxtail sedge
brown-headed fox sedge


slug: carex-alopecuroides

scientific: Carex alopecuroides

authorship: D.Don ex Tilloch & Taylor

epithet: alopecuroides

Carex consocialis

authorship: Steud.

Carex emodorum

authorship: Spreng.

Carex hayatana

authorship: Honda

Carex japonica var. alopecuroides

authorship: (D.Don) C.B.Clarke

Carex kawakamii

authorship: Hayata

Carex scabrisacca

authorship: Ohwi & D.Ryu

codes: CHC CHS TAI ASS EHM JAW MYA NEP NWG PHI SUL SUM VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 似橫果薹草 川上氏薹

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-amphibola

scientific: Carex amphibola

epithet: amphibola

preferred: eastern narrowleaf sedge

Carex grisea var. amphibola

authorship: (Steud.) Kük.

Carex grisea var. minor

authorship: Boeckeler

authorship: Olney

Carex laxiflora

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 347 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
eastern narrowleaf sedge
amphibious sedge

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-amplifolia

scientific: Carex amplifolia

authorship: Boott

epithet: amplifolia

preferred: bigleaf sedge

codes: BRC CAL IDA MNT NWM ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 146 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bigleaf sedge
ample-leaved sedge

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Hooker) 2(11): 228

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-andina

scientific: Carex andina

authorship: Phil.

epithet: andina

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 93: 485 (1896)

Carex andina var. subabscondita

authorship: Kük.

codes: AGS CLC

Argentina South

code: AGS

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

authors: Phil.

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 93: 485


slug: carex-annectens

scientific: Carex annectens

authorship: (E.P.Bicknell) E.P.Bicknell

epithet: annectens

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 492 (1908)

preferred: yellowfruit sedge

Carex annectens var. ambigua

authorship: (Barratt) Gleason

Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa

authorship: (Kük.) Wiegand

Carex brachyglossa

authorship: Mack.

Carex setacea var. ambigua

authorship: (Barratt) Fernald

Carex vulpinoidea f. annectens

authorship: (E.P.Bicknell) Kük.

Carex vulpinoidea var. ambigua

authorship: Barratt

Carex vulpinoidea var. annectens

authorship: (E.P.Bicknell) Farw.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 315 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellowfruit sedge
Small Yellow Fox Sedge

names: Осока скученная


slug: carex-antucensis

scientific: Carex antucensis

authorship: Kunze ex Kunth

epithet: antucensis

codes: AGW AGS CLC

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

names: Braun-Segge Wiesen-Segge

names:
juolasara
vanlig hundstarr

names: Jokapaikansara juolasara

names:
slåttestarr
vanlig slåttestarr

names:
slåttestorr
vanleg slåttestorr

names: gáddeguodja gáddelukti

authors: Kunze ex Kunth

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: carex-appalachica

scientific: Carex appalachica

authorship: J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball

epithet: appalachica

preferred: Appalachian sedge

codes: ALA CNT WDC GEO KTY MAI MRY MAS NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: carex-appressa

scientific: Carex appressa

epithet: appressa

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 242 (1810)

Carex appressa f. diaphana

authorship: (Boott) Kük.

Carex appressa var. typica

authorship: Domin

Carex appressa var. virgata

authorship: (Sol. ex Boott) Kük.

Carex chlorantha var. composita

authorship: Benth.

Carex discolor

authorship: Reinw. ex de Vriese

Carex paniculata var. appressa

authorship: (R.Br.) Cheeseman

Carex paniculata var. virgata

authorship: (Sol. ex Boott) Cheeseman

Carex virgata

authorship: Sol. ex Boott

Vignea appressa

authorship: (R.Br.) Rchb.

codes: NWG CTM NSW NZN NZS NTA QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU NWC

New Guinea

code: NWG

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

New Caledonia

code: NWC

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 805 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Southern Cutty Sedge
Tall Sedge

partners:
Heteronympha cordace
Hesperilla ornata
Oreisplanus munionga


slug: carex-appropinquata

scientific: Carex appropinquata

authorship: Schumach.

epithet: appropinquata

preferred: fibrous tussock-sedge

Carex approximata f. ramosa

authorship: (Asch. & Graebn.) Soó

Carex paniculata var. paradoxa

authorship: (Rchb.) Fiori

Carex paradoxa

authorship: Willd.

Carex paradoxa f. brachystachya

authorship: Schatz

Carex paradoxa f. ramosa

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Carex paradoxa f. sparsiflora

authorship: Lange

Caricina paradoxa

authorship: (Rchb.) St.-Lag.

Vignea appropinquata

authorship: (Schumach.) Soják

Vignea paradoxa

authorship: Rchb.

codes: ALT KAZ KRA NCS TCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 246 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Осока сближенная

names:
laîche paradoxale
Laiche a epis rapproches

names: Осока зближена

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Agramma laetum
Agramma ruficorne
Aiolopus thalassinus
Anaphothrips badius
Anas acuta
Anas crecca
Anser albifrons


slug: carex-aquatilis

scientific: Carex aquatilis

authorship: Wahlenb.

epithet: aquatilis

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 165 (1803)

preferred: Aquatic sedge

english:
Aquatic sedge
Leafy tussock sedge
Water sedge
water sedge

Carex acutinella

authorship: Mack.

Carex aquatilis f. cuspidata

authorship: Laest. ex Andersson

Carex aquatilis f. epigaea

authorship: Kurtz

Carex aquatilis f. laxa

authorship: Kük.

Carex aquatilis f. sciaphila

authorship: (Holm) Kük.

Carex aquatilis f. sphagnophila

authorship: (Fr.) Almq.

Carex aquatilis f. virescens

authorship: Andersson

Carex aquatilis subsp. arcuata

authorship: (Kindb.) K.Richt.

Carex aquatilis subsp. stans

authorship: (Drejer) Hultén

Carex aquatilis var. cuspidata

authorship: Fr.

Carex aquatilis var. elatior

authorship: Bab.

Carex aquatilis var. genuina

authorship: Syme

Carex aquatilis var. plumbeophila

authorship: Kelso

Carex aquatilis var. pulchella

authorship: Behm

Carex aquatilis var. rhomboidea

authorship: (Holm) Kelso

Carex aquatilis var. stans

authorship: (Drejer) Boott

Carex chionophila

authorship: Holm

Carex concolor var. minuscula

authorship: Kuvaev

Carex interimus

authorship: Maguire

Carex minuscula

authorship: (Kuvaev) Rebrist.

Carex nearctica

authorship: Raymond ex Lepage

Carex nubens

authorship: Lepage

Carex rigida var. concolor

authorship: (R.Br.) Kük.

Carex stans

authorship: Drejer

Carex substricta

authorship: (Kük.) Mack.

Carex uzoni

authorship: Kom.

Carex washingtonia

authorship: Eaton

Diemisa concolor

authorship: (R.Br.) Raf.

Neskiza aquatilis

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Raf.

Vignea aquatilis

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Rchb.

codes: ALT KAM KHA KRA MAG PRM WSB YAK BLT RUC RUE FIN GER GRB IRE NET RUN RUW NOR RUS SWE ASK ABT ALU ARI BRC CAL COL CNT GNL IDA ILL INI IOW KAN LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWJ NWM NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE SAS SDA UTA VER VRG WAS WIS WYO YUK

Altay

code: ALT

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Primorye

code: PRM

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Baltic States

code: BLT

Netherlands

code: NET

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 956 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anser albifrons
Anser caerulescens
Bison
Hypoderma alpinum
Rangifer tarandus

partners:
Brachymeria podagrica
Nasonia vitripennis
Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae
Puccinia
Spalangia endius

quote: Water sedge is a sod-forming perennial grass-like sedge

value: Flowers bloom from late May to September depending on latitude

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. (1803) 165


slug: carex-arctata

scientific: Carex arctata

authorship: Boott

epithet: arctata

preferred: drooping woodland sedge

Carex archata

authorship: Boot.

Carex sylvatica

authorship: Dewey

codes: CNT INI LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWY NFL NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO VER WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Vermont

code: VER

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1390 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
drooping woodland sedge
black sedge

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-arenaria

scientific: Carex arenaria

authorship: L.

epithet: arenaria

preferred: sand sedge

Carex arenaria f. pallida

authorship: Lackow.

Carex arenaria f. remota

authorship: (T.Marsson) Almq.

Carex arenaria var. adjunta

authorship: Merino

Carex arenaria var. prostrata

authorship: De Langhe

Carex arenaria var. spiralis

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Carex intermedia

authorship: d'Urv.

Carex sabuletorum

authorship: M.Bieb. ex Boott

Carex schreberi

authorship: Desv.

Carex spadicea

authorship: Gilib.

Carex witheringii

authorship: Gray

Vignea arenaria

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

codes: BLT BGM DEN FIN FRA GER GRB IRE YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR SPA SWE

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belgium

code: BGM

Denmark

code: DEN

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

Sweden

code: SWE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1761 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sand sedge
German-sarsaparilla

names:
Sand-Segge
Artengruppe Sand-Segge

names: Laîche des sables, Salsepareille des pauvres

names: hietikkosara sandstarr

names:
europæisk sassaparil
krypstar

names:
hesgen y tywod
Hesg y Tywod

partners:
Arthrinium puccinioides
Ascochyta sodalis
Coenonympha oedippus
Cyptoniesslia setulosa
Diplodina caricis
Pezizella incerta
Psathyrella flexispora
Septoria lineolata

partners:
Anthracoidea arenariae
Puccinia dioicae
Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicola
Puccinia dioicae var. schoeleriana


slug: carex-argentina

scientific: Carex argentina

authorship: Barros

epithet: argentina

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

authors: Barros

published_in: Darwiniana 8: 409, fig. 1


slug: carex-arnellii

scientific: Carex arnellii

authorship: Christ ex Scheutz

epithet: arnellii

published_in: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., n.f., 22(10): 177 (1888)

Carex maximowiczii

authorship: Boeckeler

Carex subconcolor

authorship: Kitag.

Carex sylvatica

authorship: Maxim. ex Boeckeler

authorship: Maxim.

Carex turczaninowiana

authorship: Meinsh. ex Korsh.

codes: ALT AMU CHN CHI IRK KAZ KHA KOR CHM MON PRM WSB YAK RUC RUE RUS

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Осока Арнелля

value: Jun-Jul

published_in: in Scheutz, Pl. Vasc. Jeniss. (1888) 177

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-atherodes

scientific: Carex atherodes

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: atherodes

preferred: Wheat sedge

english:
Wheat sedge
wheat sedge

Carex amurensis var. mandschurica

authorship: Kük.

Carex aristata

authorship: Siegert ex Wimm.

Carex aristata subsp. orostachys

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Kük.

Carex aristata var. browniana

authorship: Asch.

Carex aristata var. cujavica

authorship: Asch. & Sprib.

Carex aristata var. imberbis

authorship: (A.Gray) Farw.

Carex aristata var. kirschsteiniana

authorship: Asch. ex Lackow.

Carex aristata var. longo-lanceolata

authorship: Dewey

Carex aristata var. maxima

authorship: (Kük.) Kük.

Carex aristata var. orthostachys

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) C.B.Clarke

Carex aristata var. siegertiana

authorship: (R.Uechtr.) Asch.

Carex atherodes f. glabra

authorship: (R.Uechtr.) Lepage

Carex atherodes f. imberbis

authorship: (A.Gray) B.Boivin

Carex atherodes var. cujavica

authorship: (Asch. & Sprib.) Rauschert

Carex atherodes var. glabra

authorship: (R.Uechtr.) Rauschert

Carex atherodes var. kirschsteinii

authorship: (Asch. & Graebn.) Rauschert

Carex atherodes var. longo-lanceolata

authorship: (Dewey) Gilly

Carex atherodes var. maxima

authorship: (Kük.) A.E.Kozhevn.

Carex atherodes var. orthostachys

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) A.E.Kozhevn.

Carex atherodes var. siegertiana

authorship: (Uechtr.) Rauschert

Carex glaberrima

authorship: Meinsh.

Carex hirta subsp. siegertiana

authorship: (R.Uechtr.) Nyman

Carex orthostachys

authorship: Rupr.

authorship: Trev. ex Nyman

Carex orthostachys var. spuria

authorship: Y.L.Chang & Y.L.Yang

Carex pergrandis

authorship: V.I.Krecz. & Luchnik

Carex siegertiana

authorship: Uechtritz ex Garcke

Carex siegertiana var. glabra

authorship: (R.Uechtr.) Garcke

Carex trichocarpa var. laeviconica

authorship: Hitchc.

codes: ALT AMU CHN CHI IRK KAZ CHM MON NCS PRM TCS TUR WSB CHX YAK BLT RUC RUE FIN GER RUN RUW POL SWE ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA ILL INI IOW MAI MAN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NWH NWM NWY NDA NWT OHI ONT ORE PEN QUE SAS SDA UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Altay

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

region: Central Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Baltic States

code: BLT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 463 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Осока Зигерта
Осока остистая

names: Осока остюкова

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-athrostachya

scientific: Carex athrostachya

authorship: Olney

epithet: athrostachya

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 393 (1872)

preferred: slenderbeak sedge

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MAN MXN MNT NEV NWM NDA ORE SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Manitoba

code: MAN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 139 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
slenderbeak sedge
jointed-spike sedge

names: ヒメヤガミスゲ ヒメヤガミスゲ（Hime-yagami-suge）

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.