slug: pinus-serotina

scientific: Pinus serotina

authorship: Michx.

epithet: serotina

preferred: Marsh Pine

english:
Marsh Pine
Pocosin Pine
Pond Pine
pond pine

Pinus alopecuroides

authorship: Gordon

Pinus rigida subsp. serotina

authorship: (Michx.) R.T.Clausen

authorship: (Michx.) Engelm.

Pinus rigida var. serotina

authorship: (Michx.) Loudon ex Hoopes

authorship: (Michx.) Mill.

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO MRY NWJ NCA SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

New Jersey

code: NWJ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 711 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
pond pine
Marsh Pine

names:
晚松
wan song

names: صنوبر متأخر الإثمار

names: Сосна поздняя

label: Eaten by

partners:
Eacles imperialis
Oligonychus subnudus

label: Life form

value: moderate


slug: pinus-sibirica

scientific: Pinus sibirica

authorship: Du Tour

genus: Pinus

epithet: sibirica

family: Pinaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Siberian Pine

english:
Siberian Pine
Siberian Stone Pine
Siberian pine

source: wikidata

Pinus arolla

authorship: Petrov

Pinus cembra f. coronans

authorship: (Litv.) Krylov

Pinus cembra subsp. sibirica

authorship: (Du Tour) Krylov

Pinus cembra var. sibirica

authorship: (Du Tour) A.E.Murray

authorship: (Du Tour) G.Don

Pinus coronans

authorship: Litv.

Pinus sibirica subsp. hingganensis

authorship: (H.J.Zhang) Silba

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALT BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ KRA CHM MON TVA WSB CHX YAK RUE RUN

Altay

code: ALT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

lifeform: tree

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2027 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Siberian pine
Siberian Stone Pine

names: 松节 长松

names:
Kedr
Sibirskii Kedr

names:
Sibirische Zeder
sibirische Zirbelkiefer

names: Сосна сибірська

names:
sibirfuru
sibirsk sembrafuru

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

value: phanerophyte

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

published_in: Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. [Déterville] 18: 18

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: pinus-strobiformis

scientific: Pinus strobiformis

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: strobiformis

published_in: Mem. Tour N. Mexico 102. (1848)

preferred: Chihuahua White Pine

english:
Chihuahua White Pine
southwestern white pine

Pinus ayacahuite subsp. strobiformis

authorship: (Engelm.) A.E.Murray

Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera

authorship: Shaw

Pinus ayacahuite var. novogaliciana

authorship: Carvajal

Pinus ayacahuite var. strobiformis

authorship: (Engelm.) Lemmon

Pinus strobiformis subsp. carvajalii

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus strobiformis var. carvajalii

authorship: Silba

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1920 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chihuahua White Pine
Border Limber Pine

names:
Pinabete
Pino Blanco

names: Сосна белая юго-западная

names:
Pin blanc du Sud-Ouest
Pin blanc du Sud-Ouest, Pin nayar

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners: Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. blumeri

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Engelm. in Wisl.

published_in: Mem. Tour N. Mexico 102

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

field: phenology

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: pinus-strobus

scientific: Pinus strobus

authorship: L.

epithet: strobus

preferred: eastern white pine

english:
eastern white pine
Eastern White Pine
Weymouth Pine

source: inat

Leucopitys strobus

authorship: (L.) Nieuwl.

Pinus nivea

authorship: Booth ex Carrière

Pinus strobus f. brevifolia

authorship: (Carrière) Rehder

Pinus strobus f. fastigiata

authorship: (Beissn.) Beissn.

Pinus strobus f. glauca

authorship: Voss

Pinus strobus f. prostrata

authorship: Fernald & Weath.

Pinus strobus f. umbraculifera

authorship: (Carrière) Beissn.

Pinus strobus var. brevifolia

authorship: Carrière

Pinus strobus var. fastigiata

authorship: Beissn.

Pinus tenuifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Strobus strobus

authorship: (L.) Small

Strobus weymouthiana

authorship: (L.) Opiz

codes: ALA CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1918 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Chrysin

activities: AntiHIV AntiMDR Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiangiogenic Antibacillary Antibacterial

Pinocembrin

activities: Anesthetic Antibacterial Antileukemic Antiseptic Artemicide Candidicide Cytotoxic Fungicide

Pinostrobin

activities: Antiinflammatory Aromatase-Inhibitor COX-1-Inhibitor COX-2-Inhibitor Fungicide Pesticide

Coniferyl-alcohol

activities: Antiaggregant Antioxidant Antiprostaglandin Antiradicular Fungicide Pesticide

Pinosylvin

activities: Antibacterial Antifeedant Fungicide Pesticide Phytoalexin

Dehydroabietic-acid

activities: Allergenic Antifeedant Pesticide Protisticide Schistosomicide

Neoabietic-acid

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: Eastern White Pine, Northern White Pine, White Pine, Weymouth Pine (british), Soft Pine

names:
Pin Weymouth
Pin Weymouth, Pin du Lord, Pin blanc

partners:
Accipiter striatus
Baeolophus bicolor
Dumetella carolinensis
Leiothlypis peregrina
Melanerpes carolinus
Poecile atricapillus
Regulus calendula
Setophaga coronata

partners:
Argyrotaenia pinatubana
Bibio lanigerus
Buprestis striata
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa
Corvus ossifragus
Crambus albellus
Cyanocitta cristata
Dacrymyces chrysospermus

partners:
Erethizon dorsatus
Lapara bombycoides
Leptoglossus occidentalis
Pineus strobi
Loxia curvirostra
Loxia leucoptera
Acanthis flammea
Acanthocinus reticulatus

partners:
Acrias tauricornis
Allocricellius tabulaeformisi
Hemiptarsenus tabulaeformisi
Ibalia leucospoides
Macromesus huanglongnicus
Metacolus sinicus
Pycnetron curculionidis
Rhopalicus guttatus

partners:
Atropellis
Cronartium ribicola
Gremmeniella abietina
Hormonema
Lecanosticta acicola
Lophodermium
Meloderma desmazieri

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: pinus-stylesii

scientific: Pinus stylesii

authorship: Frankis ex Businsky

epithet: stylesii

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Frankis ex Businský

published_in: Acta Pruhon. 88: 6 (-7; fig. 12D & photos 37-38 (unpaged))

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: pinus-sylvestris

scientific: Pinus sylvestris

epithet: sylvestris

preferred: Scots pine

english:
Scots pine
Scotch Pine
Scots Pine
scots pine

Pinus armena var. parviflora

authorship: Fomin

Pinus binatofolio

authorship: Gilib.

Pinus caucasica

authorship: (Medw.) N.Busch

Pinus cretacea

authorship: (Kalen.) Kalen. ex Trautv.

Pinus densiflora f. ussuriensis

authorship: (Liou & Z.Wang ex Mayr) Kitag.

Pinus densiflora subsp. takahasii

authorship: (Nakai) Silba

Pinus densiflora var. ussuriensis

authorship: Liou & Z.Wang ex Mayr

Pinus ericetorum

authorship: Thore

Pinus erzeroomica

authorship: Calvert ex Gordon

Pinus fominii

authorship: Kondr.

Pinus fominii subsp. cretacea

authorship: (Kalen.) L.V.Orlova

Pinus frieseana

authorship: Wich.

Pinus genovensis

authorship: Garsault

Pinus hamata

authorship: (Steven) Sosn.

Pinus hamata var. kochiana

authorship: (Klotzsch ex K.Koch) Fomin

Pinus kochiana

authorship: Klotzsch ex K.Koch

Pinus kochiana var. parviflora

authorship: (Fomin) Grossh.

Pinus krylovii

authorship: Serg. & Kondr.

Pinus lapponica

authorship: (Hartm.) Mayr

Pinus montana

authorship: Hoffm.

Pinus montana var. caucasica

authorship: Medw.

Pinus mughus

authorship: Jacq.

Pinus resinosa

authorship: Savi

Pinus rigensis

authorship: Loudon

Pinus rubra

authorship: Mill.

Pinus scariosa

authorship: Lodd. ex Loudon

Pinus sosnowskyi

authorship: Nakai

Pinus sylvestris f. argentea

authorship: (Steven) Beissn.

Pinus sylvestris f. aurea

authorship: (A.H.Kent) Beissn.

Pinus sylvestris f. compacta

authorship: Kandemir & Mataracı

Pinus sylvestris f. fruticosa

authorship: Borbás

Pinus sylvestris f. nana

authorship: (Pall.) O.L.Lipa

Pinus sylvestris f. parvifolia

authorship: (Heer) Schröd.

Pinus sylvestris f. pendula

authorship: (C.Lawson) Beissn.

Pinus sylvestris f. watereri

authorship: Rehder

Pinus sylvestris subsp. armena

authorship: (K.Koch) Fomin

Pinus sylvestris subsp. hamata

authorship: (Steven) Fomin

Pinus sylvestris subsp. hercynica

authorship: (Münch) Rothm.

Pinus sylvestris subsp. kochiana

authorship: (Klotzsch ex K.Koch) Eliçin

Pinus sylvestris subsp. krylovii

authorship: (Serg. & Kondr.) Busik

Pinus sylvestris subsp. kulundensis

authorship: Sukaczev

Pinus sylvestris subsp. lapponica

authorship: Holmb.

Pinus sylvestris subsp. mongholica

authorship: (Litv.) Silba

Pinus sylvestris subsp. nevadensis

authorship: (D.H.Christ) Heywood

Pinus sylvestris subsp. pannonica

authorship: Sóo

Pinus sylvestris subsp. scotica

authorship: (Beissn.) E.F.Warb.

Pinus sylvestris subsp. sibirica

authorship: (Ledeb.) Businsky

Pinus sylvestris var. aquitana

authorship: Schott

Pinus sylvestris var. argentea

authorship: Steven

Pinus sylvestris var. armena

authorship: (K.Koch) Fitschen

Pinus sylvestris var. baenitzii

authorship: Tschern.

Pinus sylvestris var. brevifolia

authorship: Link

Pinus sylvestris var. communis

authorship: Aiton

Pinus sylvestris var. compacta

authorship: Akkemik

Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea

authorship: Kalen.

Pinus sylvestris var. erythranthera

authorship: Sanio

Pinus sylvestris var. fastigiata

authorship: (Carrière) Q.F.An & X.X.Zhang

Pinus sylvestris var. fruticosa

authorship: (Borbás) Rouy

Pinus sylvestris var. gibba

authorship: Heer

Pinus sylvestris var. haguenensis

authorship: C.Lawson ex Loudon

Pinus sylvestris var. hercynica

authorship: Münch

Pinus sylvestris var. leucosperma

authorship: Litv.

Pinus sylvestris var. manguiensis

authorship: S.Y.Li & K.T.Adair

Pinus sylvestris var. monticola

authorship: Schröt.

Pinus sylvestris var. nana

authorship: Pall.

Pinus sylvestris var. norvegica

authorship: Castigl.

Pinus sylvestris var. patula

authorship: Rouy

Pinus sylvestris var. rubra

authorship: (Mill.) Reichard

Pinus sylvestris var. rubriflora

authorship: Buchenau

Pinus sylvestris var. sarmatica

authorship: Zapal.

Pinus ussuriensis

authorship: (Liou & Z.Wang ex Mayr) W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KRA CHM MON NCS PRM TCS TVA TUR WSB YAK ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Neoabietic-acid

activities: Antifeedant Pesticide Protisticide Schistosomicide

Estragole

activities: Antiaggregant Calcium-Antagonist Cancer-Preventive Carcinogenic DNA-Binder FLavor Hepatocarcinogenic Hypothermic

Pinitol

activities: Antidiabetic Antifeedant Expectorant Insectifuge Pesticide

partners:
Acantholyda hieroglyphica
Actitis hypoleucos
Adela australis
Anthus trivialis
Aradus cinnamomeus
Araniella displicata
Ardea cinerea
Attulus finschi

partners:
Sciurus vulgaris
Dendrolimus pini
Diprion pini
Neodiprion sertifer
Pineus pini
Tephrocybe fuscipes
Trisetacus pini
Acanthocinus aedilis

partners:
Achrysocharoides
Amphinema byssoides
Anthemus funicularis
Anthemus leucaspidis
Anthemus pini
Aphytis diaspidis
Aphytis mytilaspidis
Aprostocetus

partners:
Gremmeniella abietina
Phaeolus schweinitzii
Atropellis
Bursaphelenchus
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Cronartium flaccidum
Cyclaneusma minus
Diplodia sapinea

partners:
Coleosporium tussilaginis
Cronartium pini
Cronartium quercuum
Melampsora populnea
Melampsorella elatina


slug: pinus-tabuliformis

scientific: Pinus tabuliformis

authorship: Carrière

epithet: tabuliformis

published_in: Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 510. (1867)

preferred: Chinese Red Pine

english:
Chinese Red Pine
Manchurian red pine
southern Chinese pine

Pinus densata subsp. wilsonii

authorship: (Businsky) Silba

Pinus densiflora var. tabuliformis

authorship: (Carrière) Mast.

Pinus leucosperma

authorship: Maxim.

Pinus mukdensis

authorship: Uyeki ex Nakai

Pinus sinensis

authorship: Mayr

Pinus tabuliformis f. densa

authorship: Q.Q.Liu & H.Y.Ye

Pinus tabuliformis f. jeholensis

authorship: Liou & Z.Wang

Pinus tabuliformis f. umbraculifera

authorship: (Liou & Z.Wang) Q.L.Wang

Pinus tabuliformis subsp. mukdensis

authorship: (Uyeki ex Nakai) Businsky

Pinus tabuliformis subsp. umbraculifera

authorship: (Liou & Z.Wang) Silba

Pinus tabuliformis var. bracteata

authorship: Taken.

Pinus tabuliformis var. brevifolia

authorship: S.Y.Wang & C.L.Chang

Pinus tabuliformis var. rubescens

authorship: Uyeki

Pinus tabuliformis var. tokunagae

authorship: (Nakai) Taken.

Pinus tabuliformis var. wilsonii

authorship: Businsky

Pinus taihangshanensis

authorship: Hu & T.T.Yao

Pinus tokunagae

authorship: Nakai

Pinus wilsonii

authorship: Shaw

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI KOR CHM CHQ

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 167 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese Red Pine
Chinese pine

names:
you song
松笔头

names:
Сосна красная китайская
Сосна масличная

names:
Chinesische Kiefer
chinesische Rotkiefer

names: Сосна червона Китайська

partners:
Dendroctonus valens
Hishimonus expansivus
Monochamus saltuarius
Scolytinae

partners:
Dendrolimus tabulaeformis
Leptographium procerum

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen


slug: pinus-taeda

scientific: Pinus taeda

authorship: L.

epithet: taeda

preferred: loblolly pine

english:
loblolly pine
Loblolly Pine
Southern Pine

Pinus lutea

authorship: Walter

Pinus taeda var. alopecuroidea

authorship: Aiton

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO KTY LOU MRY MSI NCA OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2057 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Pinus strobus

species: Pinus resinosa

slug: pinus-resinosa

names:
loblolly pine
Southern Pine

names:
火炬松
huo ju song

names: Pin loblolly, Pin à l'encens, Pin à torches

partners:
Aroa melanoleuca
Capra
Cydia ingens
Dendroctonus frontalis
Dioryctria amatella
Dioryctria taedae
Dioryctria taedivorella
Eacles imperialis

partners:
Cronartium quercuum
Fusarium circinatum
Lecanosticta acicola
Leptographium terebrantis
Phytophthora cinnamomi

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil


slug: pinus-taiwanensis

scientific: Pinus taiwanensis

authorship: Hayata

epithet: taiwanensis

preferred: Taiwan Black Pine

english:
Formosa Pine
Taiwan Black Pine

source: wikidata

Pinus luchuensis subsp. taiwanensis

authorship: (Hayata) D.Z.Li

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 430 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Taiwan Black Pine
Formosa Pine

names:
Tai Wan Song
台湾松

names: Сосна тайваньская

names: niitaka-aka-matsu ニイタカアカマツ

names: Formosakiefer Taiwan-Kiefer

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  307


slug: pinus-tecunumanii

scientific: Pinus tecunumanii

authorship: F.Schwerdtf. ex Eguiluz & J.P.Perry

epithet: tecunumanii

preferred: Schwerdtfeger's Pine

english:
Schwerdtfeger's Pine
Tecun Uman Pine

Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenae

authorship: Martínez

Pinus patula subsp. tecunumanii

authorship: (F.Schwerdtf. ex Eguiluz & J.P.Perry) Styles

codes: MXT MXS BLZ ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Schwerdtfeger's Pine
Tecun Uman Pine

names:
Ocote de Caretilla
Pino Tecun Uman

names: pinheiro pinus

authors: F.Schwerdtf. ex Eguiluz & J.P.Perry

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: pinus-teocote

scientific: Pinus teocote

authorship: Schied. ex Schltdl. & Cham.

epithet: teocote

preferred: Aztec Pine

english:
Aztec Pine
Teocote Pine

Pinus besseriana

authorship: Roezl

Pinus calocote

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

Pinus hugelii

authorship: Roezl ex Carrière

Pinus patula var. stricta

authorship: Benth. ex Endl.

Pinus teocote f. macrocarpa

authorship: (Shaw) Martínez

Pinus teocote subsp. macrocarpa

authorship: (Shaw) Silba

Pinus teocote subsp. quinquefoliata

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Pinus vilmoriniana var. besseriana

authorship: (Roezl) Carrière

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Aztec Pine
Teocote Pine

names:
Ocote
Pino Chino

partners:
Conophthorus teocotum
Oiketicus townsendi

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem


slug: pinus-thunbergii

scientific: Pinus thunbergii

authorship: Parl.

epithet: thunbergii

preferred: Japanese Black Pine

english:
Japanese Black Pine
Japanese black pine

Pinus massoniana

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Pinus sylvestris

authorship: Thunb.

Pinus thunbergiana

authorship: Franco

Pinus thunbergii f. oculus-draconis

authorship: (Mayr) Rehder

Pinus thunbergii var. oculus-draconis

authorship: Mayr

codes: JAP KOR

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 442 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Japanese black pine
Black Pine

names: 松根 松油

names: Сосна Тунберга

names: クロマツ Kuro-matsu

names:
Thunbergs Kiefer
japanische Schwarzkiefer

names:
Pin noir du Japon
Pin noir du Japon, Pin de Thunberg

names:
Pino nero giapponese
pino di Thunberg

names: 곰솔 Haesong

names: کاج سیاه ژاپنی

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Callosciurus erythraeus
Cryptotympana atrata
Epipyga cribrata
Hebata abietis
Hoplopleura johnsonae
Hoplopleura spicula
Jembra brevistriga

partners:
Asaphes suspensus
Coleosporium asterum
Pachyneuron aphidis
Pachyneuron solitarium
Pediobius
Pteromalus
Termolampa pinicola
Trichogramma dendrolimi

partners:
Pseudocercospora pini-densiflorae
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Cenangium ferruginosum

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Growth rate

label: Height

category: Size

label: Foliage colour

value: green

label: Bloom period


slug: pinus-torreyana

scientific: Pinus torreyana

authorship: Parry ex Carrière

epithet: torreyana

published_in: Traité Gén. Conif. 326. (1855)

preferred: Del Mare Pine

english:
Del Mare Pine
Soledad Pine
Torrey Pine
Torrey pine

Pinus lophosperma

authorship: Lindl.

Pinus torreyana var. insularis

authorship: (J.R.Haller) Silba

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

names:
Torrey Pine
Del Mare Pine

source: GIFT

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Parry ex Carrière

published_in: Traité Gén. Conif. 326


slug: pinus-uncinata

scientific: Pinus uncinata

authorship: Ramond ex DC.

epithet: uncinata

preferred: Mountain Pine

english:
Mountain Pine
mountain pine

Pinus humilis

authorship: Link

Pinus montana subsp. uncinata

authorship: (Ramond ex DC.) Čelak

Pinus montana var. hausmannii

authorship: (H.Christ) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Pinus montana var. humilior

authorship: Rouy

Pinus montana var. humilis

authorship: (Link) Heer

Pinus montana var. mugho

authorship: (Poir.) Spach

Pinus montana var. pseudopumilio

authorship: (Hartig ex Willk.) Willk.

Pinus montana var. rostrata

authorship: (Antoine) Willk.

Pinus montana var. rotundata

authorship: (Link) Willk.

Pinus montana var. uliginosa

authorship: (G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.) Heer

Pinus montana var. uncinata

authorship: (Ramond ex DC.) Heer

Pinus mugho

authorship: Poir.

Pinus mughus subsp. uliginosa

authorship: (G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.) O.Schwartz

Pinus mughus var. erecta

authorship: Grab.

Pinus mughus var. obliqua

authorship: (Saut.) C.F.M.Elsner

Pinus mughus var. uliginosa

authorship: (G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.) K.Koch

Pinus mughus var. uncinata

authorship: (Ramond ex DC.) K.Koch

Pinus mugo f. mughoides

authorship: (Willk.) K.I.Chr.

Pinus mugo subsp. pseudopumilio

authorship: (Hartig ex Willk.) Holubickova

Pinus mugo subsp. rostrata

authorship: (Antoine) A.E.Murray

Pinus mugo subsp. rotundata

authorship: (Link) Janch. & H.Neumayer

Pinus mugo subsp. uliginosa

authorship: (G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.) O.Schwarz

Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata

authorship: (Ramond ex DC.) Domin

Pinus mugo var. palustris

authorship: (Hagenb.) Breistr.

Pinus mugo var. pseudopumilio

authorship: (Hartig ex Willk.) Domin

Pinus mugo var. rostrata

authorship: (Antoine) Hoopes

authorship: (Antoine) Domin

Pinus mugo var. rotundata

authorship: (Link) Hoopes

Pinus mugo var. uncinata

authorship: (Ramond ex DC.) Fiori

Pinus nughus subsp. uliginosa

authorship: (Neuman ex Wimm.) O.Schwarz

Pinus obliqua

authorship: Saut.

Pinus pseudopumilio

authorship: (Hartig ex Willk.) Beck

Pinus pumilio var. mugho

authorship: (Poir.) Loudon

Pinus pumilio var. rostrata

authorship: (Antoine) Carrière

Pinus pumilio var. rotundata

authorship: (Link) Ten.

Pinus pumilio var. torfacea

authorship: Babey

Pinus pumilio var. uliginosa

authorship: (G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.) Ratzeb.

Pinus pumilio var. uncinata

authorship: (Ramond ex DC.) Carrière

Pinus rotundata var. pseudopumilio

authorship: (Hartig ex Willk.) H.Neumayer

Pinus sanguinea

authorship: Lapeyr.

Pinus sylvestris var. humilis

authorship: (Link) Link

Pinus sylvestris var. palustris

authorship: Hagenb.

Pinus sylvestris var. uliginosa

authorship: (G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.) Link

Pinus sylvestris var. uncinata

authorship: (Ramond ex DC.) Loudon

Pinus uliginosa

authorship: G.E.Neumann ex Wimm.

Pinus uliginosa f. conica

authorship: Beck

Pinus uliginosa var. conica

authorship: (Beck) Beck

Pinus uncinata f. mughoides

authorship: Willk.

Pinus uncinata var. ancestralis

authorship: Businsky

Pinus uncinata var. applanata

authorship: Hartig ex Willk.

Pinus uncinata var. rostrata

authorship: Antoine

Pinus uncinata var. rotundata

authorship: (Link) Antoine

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 771 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Aufrechte Bergkiefer
Aufrechte Bergföhre

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 3: 726


slug: pinus-virginiana

scientific: Pinus virginiana

authorship: Mill.

epithet: virginiana

preferred: Scrub Pine

english:
Scrub Pine
Virginia Pine
Virginia pine

Pinus inops

authorship: Aiton

Pinus ruthenica

authorship: Carrière

Pinus turbinata

authorship: Bosc ex Loudon

codes: ALA DEL GEO INI KTY MRY MSI NWJ NWY NCA OHI PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Virginia pine
Scrub Pine

names:
矮松
ai song

names: Сосна виргинская

names:
pin de Virginie
pin de la Virginie

names: کاج ویرجینیایی

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Coelostathma discopunctana
Crambus saltuellus
Euphoria sepulcralis
Lygaeus turcicus
Magicicada septendecim
Phidippus putnami
Tenodera sinensis

label: Eaten by

partners:
Erythroneura bidens
Neocoelidia tuberculata
Paraphlepsius tigrinus
Pendarus franconianus
Pendarus stipatus tullahomi
Thionia bullata
Cilidius quinquelineatus
Dasychira manto

partners:
Aprostocetus marylandensis
Buprestis lineata
Buprestis nuttalli var. consularis
Buprestis striata
Chrysobothris harrisii
Chrysobothris rotundicollis
Dicerca spreta
Dinotiscus

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: pinus-wallichiana

scientific: Pinus wallichiana

authorship: (Wall. ex D.Don) A.B.Jacks.

epithet: wallichiana

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 85. (1938)

preferred: Blue Pine

english:
Bhutan Pine
Blue Pine
Himalayan Pine
Himalayan White Pine
Bhutan pine

Leucopitys excelsa

authorship: (Wall. ex D.Don) Nieuwl.

Pinus chylla

authorship: Lodd.

Pinus excelsa

authorship: Wall. ex D.Don

Pinus griffithii

authorship: McClell.

Pinus nepalensis

authorship: Chambray

Pinus parva

authorship: (Sahni) R.C.Srivast.

Pinus wallichiana subsp. manangensis

authorship: (H.Ohba & M.Suzuki) Silba

Pinus wallichiana subsp. parva

authorship: (Sahni) Silba

Pinus wallichiana var. manangensis

authorship: H.Ohba & M.Suzuki

codes: AFG CHC CHT EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 409 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Blue Pine
Bhutan Pine

names:
Pino llorón del Himalaya
pino azul del Himalaya

names:
qiao song
乔松

names: pinheiro-do-butão pinheiro-do-himalaia

names:
Сосна Уоллича
Сосна гималайская

names: Himalaja-Kiefer Tränen-Kiefer

names: Pin de Wallich, Pin pleureur de l'Himalaya

names:
pino eccelso
pino himalayano

names: Сосна гімалайська

names: himalajatall himalayatall

names: Tåre-Fyr tårefyr

partners:
Amrasca apicoserrata
Biston regalis
Eacles imperialis
Empoasca melli
Lophodermium pini-excelsae
Sphyrapicus varius
Tricentrus acutiformis

partners:
Arceuthobium minutissimum
Cronartium flaccidum
Cronartium ribicola
Taxillus kaempferi

partners:
Armillaria
Heterobasidion annosum
Leptographium
Meloderma desmazieri

label: Growth habit

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Woodiness

label: Life form


slug: piparea-dentata

scientific: Piparea dentata

authorship: Aubl.

genus: Piparea

epithet: dentata

family: Salicaceae

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane 2(Suppl.): 31 (1775)

Alsodeia piparea

authorship: Spreng.

Casearia commersoniana

authorship: Cambess.

Casearia congestiflora

authorship: Turcz.

Casearia densiflora

authorship: Benth.

Casearia densiflora var. parviflora

authorship: Eichler

Casearia dentata

authorship: (Aubl.) Eichler

Casearia javitensis var. myriantha

authorship: (Turcz.) L.O.Williams

Casearia lasiosperma

authorship: Triana & Planch.

Casearia piparea

authorship: Sleumer

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: aderninho-de-capoeira assa-leitão

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-aduncum

scientific: Piper aduncum

authorship: L.

genus: Piper

epithet: aduncum

family: Piperaceae

preferred: higuillo de hoja menuda

Artanthe adunca

authorship: (L.) Miq.

Artanthe adunca f. angustifolia

authorship: Miq.

Artanthe celtidifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Miq.

Artanthe granulosa

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Miq.

Artanthe lanceata

authorship: (A.Dietr.) Miq.

Lepianthes granulatum

authorship: Raf.

Piper aduncifolium

authorship: Trel.

Piper aduncum subsp. ossanum

authorship: (C.DC.) Saralegui

Piper aduncum var. brachyarthrum

authorship: (Trel.) Yunck.

Piper angustifolium

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Piper celtidifolium

authorship: Kunth

Piper elongatum f. cordulatum

authorship: (C.DC.) C.DC.

Piper elongatum var. laevifolium

authorship: (C.DC.) Trel.

Piper elongatum var. salviifolium

authorship: (Miq.) Trel.

Piper lancifolium

authorship: Ham.

Piper martinicense var. genuinum

authorship: Stehlé

Piper multinervium

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

name: Piper multinervium var. puberulipedunculum

Piper scabrum

authorship: Lam.

Piper stehleorum

authorship: Trel. ex Stehlé

Steffensia adunca

authorship: (L.) Kunth

Steffensia celtidifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Kunth

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS DOM ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 918 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Cissopis leverianus
Penelope obscura

partners:
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia sowelli
Cynopterus brachyotis
Phyllonycteris poeyi
Sturnira lilium


slug: piper-amalago

scientific: Piper amalago

authorship: L.

epithet: amalago

preferred: higuillo de limon

Artanthe plantaginea

authorship: (Lam.) Miq.

Artanthe saururoides

authorship: (Desv.) Miq.

Enckea amalago

authorship: Griseb.

Enckea plantaginea

authorship: (Lam.) Kunth

Enckea sieberi

authorship: Miq.

Ottonia plantaginea

authorship: (Lam.) Endl.

Piper amalago var. medium

authorship: (Jacq.) Yunck.

Piper ambiguum

authorship: Salisb.

Piper celtidifolium

authorship: Desv.

Piper macintoshii

authorship: Trel. & Stehlé

Piper medium

authorship: Jacq.

Piper racemosum

authorship: Mill.

Piper sieberi

authorship: (Miq.) C.DC.

Piper staphyle

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Piper syringifolium

authorship: Balb. ex Kunth

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM CUB DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI JAM LEE PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

region: Caribbean

Colombia

code: CLM

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 312 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Sturnira lilium
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus obscurus
Brasa rugicollis
Capistra basalis
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia perspicillata

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-artanthe

scientific: Piper artanthe

epithet: artanthe

Piper carolinanum

authorship: Trel.

codes: CLM VEN

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-augustum

scientific: Piper augustum

authorship: Rudge

epithet: augustum

Artanthe augusta

authorship: (Rudge) Miq.

Piper augustum var. pubinerve

authorship: Trel. & Yunck.

codes: BZN CLM ECU FRG GUY PER SUR VEN

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

names:
Enegal cordoncillo
Hoja de baño

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Lonchophylla concava
Phyllostomus discolor

partners:
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Carollia brevicaudum
Chiroderma salvini

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: 2 m

authors: Rudge

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-auritum

scientific: Piper auritum

authorship: Kunth

epithet: auritum

preferred: Vera cruz pepper

Piper auritum var. seemannianum

authorship: (Miq.) Trel.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA HON NIC PAN SUR VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 905 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Safrole

activities: Anesthetic Antiaggregant Antibacterial Anticonvulsant Antiseptic CNS-Depressant CNS-Stimulant Calcium-Antagonist

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

Eugenol

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiTNF Antiaggregant Antiarachidonate Antibacterial

Myristicin

activities: Amphetaminagenic Anesthetic Antiaggregant Antidepressant Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antispasmodic Antistress

Linalool

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiallergic Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Acaricide Allelopathic Allergenic Anesthetic Anthelmintic Antiacetylcholinesterase

Camphor

activities: Allelopathic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacne Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antiemetic Antifeedant

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
Vera cruz pepper
Mexican pepperleaf

names:
Acoyo
Acoyo cimarrón

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Momotus momota
Myiarchus tuberculifer
Psilhorinus morio

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Glossophaga commissarisi
Aconophora mexicana
Calloconophora pinguis

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-austrosinense

scientific: Piper austrosinense

epithet: austrosinense

codes: CHS CHH

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

lifeform: climber

names: 华南胡椒 華南胡椒

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 36


slug: piper-baccatum

scientific: Piper baccatum

authorship: Blume

epithet: baccatum

published_in: Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 11: 172 (1826)

Muldera baccata

authorship: (Blume) Miq.

Muldera firma

authorship: Miq.

Muldera recurva

authorship: Zoll.

Piper protrusum

authorship: Chaveer. & Tanee

codes: JAW MLY PHI SUM THA VIE

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Malaya

code: MLY

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: liana

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

authors: Blume

published_in: Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. xi. (1826) 172. t. 3. f. 9


slug: piper-bantamense

scientific: Piper bantamense

epithet: bantamense

published_in: Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 11: 164 (1826)

codes: JAW LSI

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

label: Leaf retention

published_in: Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. xi. (1826) 164. t. 3. f. 5


slug: piper-barbatum

scientific: Piper barbatum

epithet: barbatum

Artanthe andicola

authorship: (Kunth) Miq.

Piper barbatum var. andicola

authorship: (Kunth) Trel. & Yunck.

Schilleria barbata

authorship: (Kunth) Kunth

codes: CLM ECU PAN PER VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 176 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Cordoncillo Luto

value: 6 m

authors: Kunth

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-betle

scientific: Piper betle

authorship: L.

epithet: betle

preferred: betel pepper

source: usda

Betela mastica

authorship: Raf.

Chavica betle

authorship: (L.) Miq.

Chavica canaliculata

authorship: (Opiz) C.Presl

Macropiper potamogetonifolium

authorship: (Opiz) Miq.

Piper anisodorum

authorship: Náves ex Fern.-Vill.

authorship: Blanco

Piper betle f. densum

authorship: (Blume) Fosberg

Piper betle f. marianum

authorship: (Opiz) Fosberg

Piper betle var. densum

authorship: (Blume) C.DC.

Piper betle var. marianum

authorship: (Opiz) C.DC.

Piper bidentatum

authorship: Stokes

Piper blancoi

authorship: Merr.

Piper blumei

authorship: (Miq.) Backer

Piper canaliculatum

authorship: Opiz

Piper chawya

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Piper pinguispicum

authorship: C.DC. & Koord.

Piper rubroglandulosum

authorship: Chaveer. & Mokkamul

Piper saururus

authorship: Burm.

Piperi betlum

authorship: (L.) St.-Lag.

codes: AND CBD LAO LSI MLY MYA NCB PHI THA VIE

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Cambodia

code: CBD

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

lifeform: climbing shrub or liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 546 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Chavicol

activities: Fungicide Nematicide Pesticide

Eugenol-methyl-ether

activities: CNS-Depressant Cancer-Preventive DNA-Binder Hypothermic Myorelaxant

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Carvacrol

activities: Allergenic Anesthetic Anthelmintic Antialzheimeran? Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Anticholinesterase? Antidiuretic

Caryophyllene

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic Antiacne Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Antidermatitic

Cadinene

activities: Antifeedant FLavor Perfumery Pesticide

names:
Betel Pepper
Betel leaf

names: 药酱 蒌叶

names: Betel-Pfeffer Betelpfeffer

names:
Poivrier bétel, Bétel, Le bétel
Poivrier bétel, Bétel, Poivre bétel

partners:
Calodia ostentus
Ianagallia bifurcata
Trinoridia ramamurthyi
Anaceratagallia pararobusta
Graphium agamemnon
Mehteria hemidoxa


slug: piper-borbonense

scientific: Piper borbonense

authorship: (Miq.) C.DC.

epithet: borbonense

Chavica pyrifolia

authorship: (Vahl) Miq.

Chavica radicans

authorship: (Vahl) C.Presl

Cubeba borbonense

authorship: Miq.

Piper aristolochioides

authorship: Lam.

Piper pyrifolium

authorship: Vahl

codes: MAU REU

Mauritius

code: MAU

continent: AFRICA

region: Western Indian Ocean

Réunion

code: REU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Madagascan Wild Pepper
Tsiperifery

names:
Liane poivre
Lingue poivre

value: liana

authors: (Miq.) C.DC.


slug: piper-bredemeyeri

scientific: Piper bredemeyeri

epithet: bredemeyeri

Artanthe bredemeyeri

authorship: (J.Jacq.) Miq.

Artanthe flexuosa

authorship: (Kunth) Miq.

Piper alveolatifolium

authorship: Trel.

Piper bredemeyeri f. escabridum

authorship: Steyerm.

Piper bredemeyeri var. angustifolium

authorship: Trel. & Yunck.

Piper bredemeyeri var. flexuosum

authorship: (Jacq.) Trel. & Yunck.

Piper radula

authorship: Kunth

Steffensia radula

authorship: (Kunth) Kunth

codes: CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN


slug: piper-brownsbergense

scientific: Piper brownsbergense

authorship: Yunck.

epithet: brownsbergense

published_in: Piperac. N. South Amer. : 37 (1950)

codes: BZN FRG GUY SUR

Brazil North

code: BZN

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Yunck.

published_in: Piperac. N. South Amer. 1: 37


slug: piper-capense

scientific: Piper capense

epithet: capense

preferred: wild pepper

Coccobryon capense

authorship: (L.f.) Klotzsch

Cubeba capensis

authorship: (L.f.) Miq.

Peperomia capensis

authorship: (L.f.) G.Don

Piper bequaertii

authorship: De Wild.

Piper brachyrhachis var. glabrum

authorship: Balle

Piper emirnense

authorship: Baker

Piper volkensii f. crassiusculum

authorship: Peter

codes: ANG BUR CMN CPP COM ZAI EQG SWZ ETH GAB GHA GUI GGI KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MOZ NGA TVL RWA SIE SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Comoros

code: COM

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

region: West Tropical Africa

Guinea

code: GUI

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Liberia

code: LBR

Madagascar

code: MDG

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-carpunya

scientific: Piper carpunya

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: carpunya

Carpupica odorata

authorship: Raf.

Ottonia carpunya

authorship: Miq.

Piper carpupija

authorship: Pers.

codes: CLM ECU PER

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

names:
Guaviduca de sol
T+lpil

partners:
Artibeus bogotensis
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia perspicillata
Mesophylla macconnelli
Platyrrhinus albericoi

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 37, t. 63, f. b


slug: piper-cathayanum

scientific: Piper cathayanum

authorship: M.G.Gilbert & N.H.Xia

epithet: cathayanum

Chavica sinensis

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

Piper sinense

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) C.DC.

codes: CHC CHS CHH

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

names:
华山蒌
華山蔞 、青蒟

authors: M.G.Gilbert & N.H.Xia

published_in: Novon 9(2): 191, nom. nov


slug: piper-consanguineum

scientific: Piper consanguineum

authorship: (Kunth) Steud.

epithet: consanguineum

Artanthe consanguinea

authorship: (Kunth) Miq.

Piper leprieurii

authorship: Pulle

Steffensia consanguinea

authorship: Kunth

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZC CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

authors: (Kunth) Kunth ex Steud.

published_in: Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2 2: 340


slug: piper-excelsum

scientific: Piper excelsum

epithet: excelsum

preferred: Kawakawa

source: inat

Macropiper excelsum

authorship: (G.Forst.) Miq.

Methysticum excelsum

authorship: (G.Forst.) A.Lyons

codes: NZN NZS SCI

New Zealand North

code: NZN

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: New Zealand

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Society Is.

code: SCI

continent: PACIFIC

region: South-Central Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1981 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: drupe

published_in: Fl. Ins. Austr. 5


slug: piper-friedrichsthalii

scientific: Piper friedrichsthalii

epithet: friedrichsthalii

Piper alveatum

authorship: Trel.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: COS NIC PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

partners:
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Glossophaga commissarisi
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Chiroderma villosum


slug: piper-glabrescens

scientific: Piper glabrescens

authorship: (Miq.) C.DC.

epithet: glabrescens

preferred: Guyanese pepper

source: wikidata

Piper limonense

authorship: Trel. ex Badillo

Piper nottirbanum

authorship: Trel. ex Stehlé

Piper pseudoglabrescens

authorship: Trel. & Yunck.

Piper treleaseanum

authorship: Britton & P.Wilson

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BZN CLM DOM ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON LEE NIC PAN PUE TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil North

region: Brazil

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 91 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Guyanese pepper
Doctor bush

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Sturnira ludovici
Artibeus jamaicensis
Glossophaga soricina
Sturnira lilium


slug: piper-guazacapanense

scientific: Piper guazacapanense

authorship: Trel. & Standl.

epithet: guazacapanense

codes: MXT MXS ELS GUA

lifeform: scrambling shrub

authors: Trel. & Standl.

published_in: Fieldiana, Bot. 24, pt. 3: 301


slug: piper-hederaceum

scientific: Piper hederaceum

epithet: hederaceum

preferred: Australian pepper

english:
Australian pepper
Giant pepper vine

Chavica huegeliana

authorship: Miq.

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 749 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Australian pepper
Giant pepper vine

partners:
Columba leucomela
Lopholaimus antarcticus
Macropygia phasianella
Ptilinopus magnificus
Ptilinopus regina

label: Photosynthetic pathway


slug: piper-hispidum

scientific: Piper hispidum

authorship: Sw.

epithet: hispidum

published_in: Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 15 (1788)

preferred: Jamaican pepper

Artanthe hispida

authorship: (Sw.) Miq.

Artanthe kunthiana

authorship: (Steud.) Miq.

Artanthe olfersiana

authorship: (Kunth) Klotzsch

Artanthe scabra var. hirsuta

authorship: (Sw.) Griseb.

Piper asperifolium

authorship: Rich.

Piper asperum

authorship: Pers.

Piper fruticosum

authorship: Steud.

Piper hirsutum var. olfersianum

authorship: (Kunth) C.DC.

Piper hispidum f. lanceolatum

authorship: (Trel. & Yunck.) Steyerm.

Piper hispidum f. patulipilum

authorship: (Yunck.) Steyerm.

Piper hispidum f. surinamense

authorship: (Miq.) Steyerm.

Piper hispidum var. ellipticifolium

authorship: Yunck.

Piper hispidum var. lanceolatum

authorship: (Trel. & Yunck.)

Piper obesum

authorship: Vahl

Piper olfersianum

authorship: (Kunth) Kunth ex Steud.

Piper scabrum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Steffensia asperifolia

authorship: (Rich.) Kunth

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS AGE BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM CUB DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI JAM LEE PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 271 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

partners:
Cloesia digna
Corynura (Corynura) sp2
Euglossa laevicincta
Eulaema cingulata
Partamona aequatoriana
Partamona peckolti
Plebeia frontalis
Ptilotrigona occidentalis

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia castanea
Artibeus jamaicensis
Carollia brevicaudum
Glossophaga soricina
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus obscurus
Artibeus planirostris

partners:
Chrysonotomyia conostegiae
Encarsia trilineata
Omphale foviger

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles x. (1843) 131


slug: piper-humistratum

scientific: Piper humistratum

authorship: Gorts & K.U.Kramer

epithet: humistratum

published_in: Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 69: 273. 1966

Quebitea guianensis

authorship: Aubl.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Görts

published_in: Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C (ser. C) 69(3): 273

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: piper-jacquemontianum

scientific: Piper jacquemontianum

authorship: Kunth

epithet: jacquemontianum

published_in: Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 2: 341. 1841

preferred: Caracas pepper

Artanthe jacquemontiana

authorship: (Kunth) Miq.

Artanthe jalapensis

authorship: Miq.

Piper citrifolium

authorship: Lam.

Piper jalapense

authorship: (Miq.) C.DC.

Piper longicuspe

authorship: Willd. ex Kunth

Piper pseudojalapense

authorship: McKown

Piper sagax

authorship: Trel.

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ DOM ELS GUA HAI HON NIC PAN PUE

Mexico Central

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Dominican Republic

region: Caribbean

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Artibeus watsoni
Carollia sowelli
Carollia subrufa
Chiroderma villosum

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)


slug: piper-kadsura

scientific: Piper kadsura

authorship: (Choisy) Ohwi

epithet: kadsura

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 81 (1934)

Piper futokadsura

authorship: Siebold

Piper futokadsura var. macrophyllum

authorship: Nakai

Piper kadsura f. macrophyllum

authorship: (Nakai) M.Mizush.

codes: JAP KZN KOR NNS OGA TAI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kazan-retto

code: KZN

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: scrambling subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2025 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Japanese pepper
Kadsura Pepper

names: 小叶爬崖香 海风藤

names: fūtō-kazura フウトウカズラ

source: GIFT

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Choisy) Ohwi

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3(2): 81


slug: piper-kawakamii

scientific: Piper kawakamii

authorship: Hayata

epithet: kawakamii

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 234 (1911)

codes: TAI PHI

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 214 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 恒春風藤 恒春胡椒

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  234

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-lanatum

scientific: Piper lanatum

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: lanatum

Cubeba canina

authorship: (Blume) Miq.

Piper arborescens

authorship: Thwaites

Piper bombycatum

authorship: Noronha

Piper caninum

authorship: Blume

Piper caninum var. thwaitesii

authorship: (C.DC.) Hook.f.

Piper haenkeanum

authorship: Opiz

Piper pedunculatum

authorship: Reinw. ex Miq.

Piper pilobracteatum

authorship: Chaveer. & Sudmoon

Piper sablanum

authorship: Quisumb.

codes: ASS BAN IND JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SUL THA QLD WAL

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Thailand

code: THA

Queensland

code: QLD

Wallis-Futuna Is.

code: WAL

region: Southwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Hylobates lar
Macaca fascicularis
Pongo pygmaeus
Presbytis thomasi

authors: Roxb.


slug: piper-lanyuense

scientific: Piper lanyuense

authorship: K.N.Kung & Kun C.Chang

epithet: lanyuense

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: K.N.Kung & Kun C.Chang


slug: piper-latifolium

scientific: Piper latifolium

epithet: latifolium

published_in: Suppl. Pl. : emend. (1782)

Anderssoniopiper panamense

authorship: Trel.

Macropiper latifolium

authorship: (L.f.) Miq.

Piper micronesiacum

authorship: Hosok.

codes: CRL COO HAW MRQ SCZ SCI TUB VAN

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

region: Northwestern Pacific

Cook Is.

code: COO

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

Marquesas

code: MRQ

Santa Cruz Is.

code: SCZ

Society Is.

code: SCI

Tubuai Is.

code: TUB

Vanuatu

code: VAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Suppl. Pl. emend


slug: piper-linearifolium

scientific: Piper linearifolium

epithet: linearifolium

codes: MXT COS

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Costa Rica

code: COS


slug: piper-longum

scientific: Piper longum

authorship: L.

epithet: longum

preferred: Indian long pepper

Chavica roxburghii

authorship: Miq.

Piper roxburghii

authorship: (Miq.) J.Presl

Piper sarmentosum

authorship: Wall.

codes: CHC ASS BAN CBD EHM LAO MYA NCB THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: climbing perennial or subshrub

names:
Indian long pepper
jaborandi pepper

names: 毕拨 荜拔

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

published_in: Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. xi. (1826) 197


slug: piper-macropiper

scientific: Piper macropiper

authorship: Pennant

epithet: macropiper

Chavica glandulosa

authorship: (Opiz) C.Presl

Chavica miniata

authorship: (Blume) Miq.

Piper arborescens

authorship: Roxb.

Piper canaliculatum

authorship: Klotzsch ex Miq.

Piper graeffei

authorship: Warb.

Piper kotoense

authorship: Yamam.

Piper miniatum var. hirtellum

authorship: (Miq.) C.DC.

Piper moluccanum

authorship: Spreng.

Piper rodatzii

authorship: K.Schum. & Lauterb.

Piper rothiana var. gracilescens

authorship: Domin

Piper vaupelii

authorship: Lauterb.

codes: TAI BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG NCB PHI SOL SUL SUM THA NTA QLD CRL SAM SCZ TON VAN WAL VEN

Taiwan

code: TAI

Borneo

code: BOR

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

Samoa

code: SAM

Tonga

code: TON

Wallis-Futuna Is.

code: WAL

partners:
Hylobates lar
Macaca fascicularis
Pongo pygmaeus
Presbytis thomasi
Pteropus samoensis


slug: piper-marginatum

scientific: Piper marginatum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: marginatum

preferred: marigold pepper

Artanthe alaris

authorship: (Desv.) Miq.

Piper alare

authorship: Ham.

Piper anisatum

authorship: Kunth

Piper caudatum

authorship: Vahl

Piper marginatum f. catalpifolium

authorship: (Kunth) Steyerm.

Piper marginatum var. anisatum

authorship: (Kunth) C.DC.

Piper marginatum var. clausum

authorship: Yunck.

Piper marginatum var. domatiiferum

authorship: Trel.

Piper nhandi

authorship: Rich.

Piper niceforoi

authorship: Trel. & Yunck.

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON NIC PAN PER PUE SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 335 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Corynura (Corynura) sp2
Theages decorum

partners:
Artibeus anderseni
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Glossophaga soricina
Anoura caudifer
Anoura cultrata
Artibeus amplus
Artibeus cinereus

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-maxonii

scientific: Piper maxonii

epithet: maxonii

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 71(6): 16 (1920)

Piper maxonii var. varium

authorship: (Trel. ex Woodson & Schery) Yunck.

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

region: Central America

Panamá

code: PAN

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 71, no. 6: 16

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: piper-michelianum

scientific: Piper michelianum

epithet: michelianum

published_in: Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 21: 317 (1920)

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

climate: seasonally dry tropical

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: piper-mollicomum

scientific: Piper mollicomum

epithet: mollicomum

Artanthe mollicoma

authorship: Miq.

Piper acutifolium

authorship: Poepp. ex Kunth

codes: BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM PAN PAR VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Paraguay

code: PAR

Venezuela

code: VEN

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus lituratus
Caluromys philander
Chiroderma doriae
Didelphis aurita
Marmosa demerarae
Philander frenatus

label: Height

value: 4 m

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-nigrum

scientific: Piper nigrum

authorship: L.

epithet: nigrum

preferred: black pepper

Piper aromaticum

authorship: Lam.

Piper denudatum

authorship: Opiz

Piper glyphicum

authorship: Hoffmanns. ex Kunth

Piper nigricans

authorship: Willd. ex Link

Piper nigrum var. hirtellosum

authorship: Asokan Nair & Ravindran

Piper nigrum var. trioicum

authorship: (Roxb.) C.DC.

Piper rotundum

authorship: Noronha

Piper trioicum

authorship: Roxb.

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: climbing shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 195 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Piperine

activities: AHH-Inhibitor ATPase-Stimulant Abortifacient Adrenergic Analeptic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiSubstance-P

Piperidine

activities: Antienzymatic CNS-Depressant Diaphoretic FLavor Hepatotropic Insectifuge Perfumery Pesticide

Beta-bisabolene

activities: Abortifacient Antirhinoviral Antiulcer Antiviral Perfumery Stomachic

Limonene

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Acaricide Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiadenomic Antialzheimeran? Antiasthmatic

names:
black pepper
pepper

names: 胡椒 白胡椒

names: pimenta pimenta-do-reino

names: Poivrier noir, Poivre, Poivre blanc, Poivre noir, Poivre vert, Poivrier

label: Visited by

partners:
Calodia neofusca
Calodia ostentus
Carollia brevicaudum
Deselvana fulvofasciata
Idioscopus clypealis
Idioscopus nagpurensis
Ricanoides pipera
Trinoridia ochrocephala

label: Pathogens

partners:
Meloidogyne enterolobii
Piper yellow mottle virus

value: vine

value: variable

source: Wikidata

authors: L.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: piper-peltatum

scientific: Piper peltatum

epithet: peltatum

preferred: monkey's hand

Heckeria peltata

authorship: (L.) Kunth

Heckeria scutata

authorship: (Willd. ex A.Dietr.) Kunth

Heckeria speciosa

authorship: Kunth

Lepianthes peltata

authorship: (L.) Raf. ex R.A.Howard

Peperidia peltata

authorship: (L.) Kostel.

Peperomia peltata

authorship: (L.) A.Dietr.

Piper fasciculatum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Piper ottonis

authorship: (Miq.) C.DC.

Piper scutatum

authorship: Willd. ex A.Dietr.

Piper scutiphyllum

authorship: Ham.

Pothomorphe hirsuta

authorship: Bartl.

Pothomorphe peltata

authorship: (L.) Miq.

Pothomorphe peltata var. colombiana

authorship: (C.DC.) Trel. & Yunck.

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SWC SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1446 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Carollia castanea
Carollia sowelli
Artibeus phaeotis
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia perspicillata
Glossophaga soricina
Artibeus anderseni
Artibeus planirostris

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-pseudoasperifolium

scientific: Piper pseudoasperifolium

epithet: pseudoasperifolium

codes: MXG MXT MXS

value: woody

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: piper-pseudofuligineum

scientific: Piper pseudofuligineum

epithet: pseudofuligineum

Piper atlantidanum var. sibunense

authorship: Trel.

Piper taboganum var. rugosum

authorship: Yunck.

codes: COS NIC

Costa Rica

code: COS

Nicaragua

code: NIC

label: Least Concern

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Carollia subrufa
Glossophaga soricina
Gracillaridae
Stunira lilium


slug: piper-regnellii

scientific: Piper regnellii

epithet: regnellii

Artanthe regnellii

authorship: Miq.

Piper regnellii var. pallescens

authorship: (C.DC.) Yunck.

codes: AGE BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL


slug: piper-sagittifolium

scientific: Piper sagittifolium

epithet: sagittifolium

published_in: Prim. Fl. Costaric. 2: 268. 1899

authors: C.DC. in Pittier

published_in: Prim. Fl. Costaric. 2: 268


slug: piper-sarmentosum

scientific: Piper sarmentosum

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: sarmentosum

Chavica sarmentosa

authorship: (Roxb.) Miq.

Peperomia sarmentosa

authorship: (Roxb.) A.Dietr.

Piper diffusum

authorship: Blume ex Miq.

codes: CHC CHS CHH CHT AND BOR CBD JAW LAO MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SUM THA VIE NTA QLD

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

Northern Territory

code: NTA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

lifeform: scrambling subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 815 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 假药子 假药根

names: ម្លូព្រៃ/ជីភ្លូ

value: hemicryptophyte

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-sintenense

scientific: Piper sintenense

authorship: Hatus.

epithet: sintenense

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 210 (1935)

Piper hispidum

authorship: Hayata

codes: TAI LAO

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 543 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 小叶爬崖香 薄葉風藤

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia castanea
Carollia sowelli
Sturnira hondurensis
Sturnira lilium

authors: Hatus.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4(4): 210

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-taiwanense

scientific: Piper taiwanense

authorship: T.T.Lin & S.Y.Lu

epithet: taiwanense

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 706 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 臺灣荖藤 台湾胡椒

authors: T.T.Lin & S.Y.Lu


slug: piper-trichoneuron

scientific: Piper trichoneuron

authorship: (Miq.) C.DC.

epithet: trichoneuron

codes: BZN BZE FRG GUY SUR TRT VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-tuberculatum

scientific: Piper tuberculatum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: tuberculatum

Artanthe tuberculata

authorship: (Jacq.) Miq.

Piper acutifolium

authorship: Steud.

Piper arboreum subsp. tuberculatum

authorship: (Jacq.) Tebbs

Piper cujabanum

authorship: Manso ex Miq.

Piper ellipticum

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Piper nutans

authorship: Opiz

Piper obliquum

authorship: Balb. ex Kunth

Piper scabrum

authorship: Willd. ex Kunth

name: Piper tuberculatum var. rigidomembranaceum

Piper tuberculatum var. scandens

authorship: Trel. & Yunck.

Steffensia tuberculata

authorship: (Jacq.) Kunth

Steffensia tuberculata var. glabrata

authorship: Kunth

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PER SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Artibeus jamaicensis
Carollia brevicaudum
Glossophaga soricina
Uroderma bilobatum
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Artibeus planirostris

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piper-umbellatum

scientific: Piper umbellatum

authorship: L.

epithet: umbellatum

Heckeria umbellata

authorship: (L.) Kunth

Lepianthes umbellata

authorship: (L.) Raf. ex Ramamoorthy

Peperidia afzeliana

authorship: Kostel.

Peperidia umbellata

authorship: (L.) Kostel.

Peperomia reniformis

authorship: (Poir.) A.Dietr.

Peperomia sidifolia

authorship: (Link & Otto) A.Dietr.

Piper afzelianum

authorship: Schult.

Piper grandifolium

authorship: Afzel.

Piper latifolium

authorship: Lam.

Piper reniforme

authorship: Poir.

Piper sidifolium

authorship: Link & Otto

Piper subpeltatum

authorship: Willd.

Piper subpeltatum var. sidifolium

authorship: (Link & Otto) C.DC.

Piper umbellatum var. subpeltatum

authorship: (Willd.) C.DC.

Pothomorphe allenii

authorship: Trel.

Pothomorphe dombeyana

authorship: Miq.

Pothomorphe umbellata

authorship: (L.) Miq.

Pothomorphe umbellata f. glabra

authorship: (C.DC.) Steyerm.

Pothomorphe umbellata var. cuernavacana

authorship: (C.DC.) Trel. & Yunck.

Pothomorphe umbellata var. vestita

authorship: (C.DC.) Yunck.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PER PUE TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Cuba

code: CUB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1054 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Sturnira lilium
Sturnira ludovici
Artibeus lituratus
Pyrgonota bifoliatus
Agalliopsis imitans
Artibeus bogotensis
Artibeus fimbriatus


slug: piptadenia-gonoacantha

scientific: Piptadenia gonoacantha

authorship: (Mart.) J.F.Macbr.

genus: Piptadenia

epithet: gonoacantha

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 17 (1919)

Acacia callosa

authorship: Spreng.

Acacia gonoacantha

authorship: Mart.

Piptadenia communis

authorship: Benth.

Piptadenia communis var. inermis

authorship: Hassl.

Piptadenia gonoacantha var. inermis

authorship: Burkart

Pityrocarpa gonoacantha

authorship: (Mart.) Brenan

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 328 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Angico-branco Casco-de-jacaré

label: Parasites

value: perennial

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 17

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piptanthus-nepalensis

scientific: Piptanthus nepalensis

authorship: (Hook.) Sweet

genus: Piptanthus

epithet: nepalensis

Anagyris indica

authorship: Lindl.

Anagyris nepalensis

authorship: (Hook.) Graham

Baptisia nepalensis

authorship: Hook.

Piptanthus bicolor

authorship: Craib

Piptanthus concolor

authorship: W.Harrow ex Craib

Piptanthus concolor subsp. harrowii

authorship: Stapf

Piptanthus laburnifolius

authorship: (D.Don) Stapf

name: Piptanthus leiocarpus var. sericopetalus

Piptanthus nepalensis f. leiocarpus

authorship: (Stapf) S.Q.Wei

Piptanthus nepalensis f. sericopetalus

authorship: (P.C.Li) S.Q.Wei

Piptanthus nepalensis var. leiocarpus

authorship: (Stapf) X.Y.Zhu

name: Piptanthus nepalensis var. sericopetalus

authorship: (P.C.Li) X.Y.Zhu

Thermopsis napaulensis

authorship: DC.

Thermopsis nepalensis

authorship: (Hook.) DC.

Virgilia sericea

authorship: Wall. ex Stapf

codes: CHN CHC CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 162 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Genistein

activities:
Abortifacient
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Antiaggregant
Antiangiogenic
Antiatherosclerotic
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticarcinomic (Breast)

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
Himalayan Pea
Nepal laburnum

names: 尼泊尔黄花木 尼泊爾黃花木

names: Пиптантус непальский

label: Eaten by

authors: Sweet

published_in: Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] t. 264 (1828)

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piptatheropsis-exigua

scientific: Piptatheropsis exigua

authorship: (Thurb.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng

genus: Piptatheropsis

epithet: exigua

family: Poaceae

preferred: little ricegrass

source: usda

Oryzopsis exigua

authorship: Thurb.

Piptatherum exiguum

authorship: (Thurb.) Dorn

Stipa exigua

authorship: (Thurb.) Columbus & J.P.Sm.

codes: ABT BRC CAL COL IDA MNT NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
little mountain ricegrass
little piptatherum

label: Growth habit

value: graminoid

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol PIEX4

license: public domain

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piptatheropsis-micrantha

scientific: Piptatheropsis micrantha

authorship: (Trin. & Rupr.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng

epithet: micrantha

preferred: littleseed ricegrass

Piptatherum micranthum

authorship: (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth

Stipa divaricata

authorship: Columbus & J.P.Sm.

Urachne micrantha

authorship: Trin. & Rupr.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MAN MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL SAS SDA TEX UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Nebraska

code: NEB

region: North-Central U.S.A.

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Little Mountain-ricegrass
Littleseed Ricegrass

label: Woodiness

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piptatheropsis-pungens

scientific: Piptatheropsis pungens

authorship: (Torr. ex Spreng.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng

epithet: pungens

preferred: mountain ricegrass

Milium pungens

authorship: Torr. ex Spreng.

Oryzopsis parviflora

authorship: Nutt.

Panicum firmum

authorship: Kunth

Piptatherum pungens

authorship: (Torr. ex Spreng.) Dorn

Urachne brevicaudata

authorship: Trin.

codes: ABT BRC COL CNT ILL INI IOW LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NDA NWT NSC ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SDA VER WIS WYO YUK

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

region: Subarctic America

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mountain Ricegrass
Slender Mountain-ricegrass

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: piptatherum-coerulescens

scientific: Piptatherum coerulescens

authorship: (Desf.) P.Beauv.

genus: Piptatherum

epithet: coerulescens

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. : 18 (1812)

Agrostis caerulescens

authorship: (Desf.) Poir.

Agrostis coerulescens

authorship: DC.

Milium coerulescens

authorship: Desf.

Oryzopsis coerulescens

authorship: (Desf.) Hack.

Oryzopsis coerulescens var. straminea

authorship: (Hausskn.) Halácsy

name: Piptatherum coerulescens var. stramineum

authorship: Hausskn.

Stipa caerulescens

authorship: (Desf.) Raspail

Urachne coerulescens

authorship: (Desf.) Trin.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS TKM TUR BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: piptatherum-holciforme

scientific: Piptatherum holciforme

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Roem. & Schult.

epithet: holciforme

preferred: ricegrass

Milium coerulescens var. holciforme

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Regel

Milium holciforme

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Spreng.

Oryzopsis coerulescens var. grandis

authorship: Pamp.

Oryzopsis grandis

authorship: (Pamp.) Maire & Weiller

Oryzopsis holciformis

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Hack.

Oryzopsis holciformis f. alpina

authorship: Roshev.

Oryzopsis holciformis subsp. abyssinica

authorship: (Freitag) D.Heller

Piptatherum holciforme var. epilosum

authorship: Freitag

Piptatherum kopetdagense

authorship: (Roshev.) Romasch.

Piptatherum longiglume

authorship: (Hausskn.) Holub

Piptatherum sinaicum

authorship: Boiss. ex Steud.

Urachne holciformis

authorship: (M.Bieb.) K.Koch

Urachne sinaica

authorship: Steud.

codes: ERI ETH LBY AFG GST IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TCS TKM TUR UZB YEM ALB BUL GRC KRY YUG ROM UKR

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Yemen

code: YEM

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ломкоостник бухарниковидный

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 328

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: piptochaetium-avenaceum

scientific: Piptochaetium avenaceum

authorship: (L.) Parodi

genus: Piptochaetium

epithet: avenaceum

published_in: Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 6: 229 (1944)

preferred: blackseed speargrass

source: wikidata

Piptochaetium avenacellum

authorship: Barkworth

Piptochaetium leianthum

authorship: (Hitchc.) Beetle

Podopogon avenaceus

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Podopogon barbatus

authorship: (Pers.) Raf.

Stipa avenacea

authorship: L.

Stipa avenacea var. bicolor

authorship: Eaton & Wright

Stipa barbata

authorship: Michx.

Stipa diffusa

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Stipa leiantha

authorship: Hitchc.

Stipa virginica

authorship: Pers.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MXC MXE MIC MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 665 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: piptochaetium-avenacioides

scientific: Piptochaetium avenacioides

authorship: (Nash) Valencia & Costas

epithet: avenacioides

preferred: Florida speargrass

Stipa avenacioides

authorship: Nash

Florida

code: FLA

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

names:
Florida speargrass
Florida needle grass

label: Life form

authors: (Nash) Valencia

published_in: Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 12: 175


slug: piptochaetium-brevicalyx

scientific: Piptochaetium brevicalyx

authorship: (E.Fourn.) Ricker ex Hitchc.

epithet: brevicalyx

Oryzopsis fournieriana

authorship: Hemsl.

name: Piptochaetium brevicalyx subsp. brevicalyx

name: Piptochaetium brevicalyx subsp. flexuosum

codes: MXC MXG MXE

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

authors: Ricker

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 286


slug: piptochaetium-fimbriatum

scientific: Piptochaetium fimbriatum

authorship: (Kunth) Hitchc.

epithet: fimbriatum

published_in: J. Washington Acad. Sci. 23: 453 (1933)

preferred: pinyon ricegrass

Milium mexicanum

authorship: Spreng.

Oryzopsis fimbriata

authorship: (Kunth) Hemsl.

Piptatherum mexicanum

authorship: (Spreng.) Schult. & Schult.f.

name: Piptochaetium fimbriatum var. fimbriatum

Stipa fimbriata

authorship: Kunth

Stipa heterophylla

authorship: Willd. ex Nees

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

partners:
Cyrtonyx montezumae
Meleagris gallopavo

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

authors: (Kunth) Hitchc.

published_in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 453


slug: piptochaetium-pringlei

scientific: Piptochaetium pringlei

authorship: (Beal) Parodi

epithet: pringlei

published_in: Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 6: 230 (1944)

preferred: Pringle's speargrass

Oryzopsis erecta

authorship: Beal

Stipa pringlei

authorship: (Beal) Scribn. ex Vasey

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXN MXS NWM TEX

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

names:
Pringle's speargrass
Pringle’s speargrass

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: (Beal) Parodi