slug: euphorbia-hamata

scientific: Euphorbia hamata

authorship: (Haw.) Sweet

epithet: hamata

published_in: Hort. Suburb. Lond. : 107 (1818)

preferred: elephant's milkbush

Dactylanthes hamata

authorship: Haw.

Dactylanthes medusa

authorship: Raf.

Euphorbia peltigera

authorship: E.Mey. ex Boiss.

Medusea hamata

authorship: (Haw.) Klotzsch & Garcke

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 409 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
elephant's milkbush
Hook Barrelwort

names: Молочай крючковатый

names: beeskrag beesmelkbos

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Sweet

published_in: Sweet's Hort. Brit., ed. 3. 597

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-handiensis

scientific: Euphorbia handiensis

authorship: Burchard

genus: Euphorbia

epithet: handiensis

family: Euphorbiaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107: 15 (1912)

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

Canary Is.

code: CNY

continent: AFRICA

region: Macaronesia

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Молочай хандийский

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Life form

value: chamaephyte

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: green

label: Flowering months

value: Mar-May

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Burchard

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: euphorbia-helioscopia

scientific: Euphorbia helioscopia

authorship: L.

epithet: helioscopia

preferred: madwoman's milk

english:
madwoman's milk
sun Spurge
sun spurge
umbrella milkweed

source: wikidata

Euphorbia dominii

authorship: Rohlena

Euphorbia helioscopia f. litoralis

authorship: (Hurus.) Oudejans

Euphorbia helioscopia f. major

authorship: (Mutel) Oudejans

authorship: Halácsy

name: Euphorbia helioscopia f. purpureo-maculata

name: Euphorbia helioscopia f. purpureomaculata

name: Euphorbia helioscopia prol. helioscopioides

authorship: (Loscos & J.Pardo) Rouy

Euphorbia helioscopia subsp. dominii

authorship: (Rohlena) K.Malý

name: Euphorbia helioscopia var. caruncula-obsoleta

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia helioscopia var. ceretana

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia helioscopia var. major

authorship: Mutel

Euphorbia helioscopia var. simplex

authorship: Hartm.

Euphorbia helioscopioides

authorship: Loscos & J.Pardo

Euphorbia serrata f. truncata

authorship: Marcet

Euphorbion helioscopium

authorship: (L.) St.-Lag.

Galarhoeus helioscopius

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Galarhoeus helioscopius f. litoralis

authorship: Hurus.

Tithymalus dominii

authorship: (Rohlena) Chrtek & Křísa

Tithymalus helioscopioides

authorship: (Loscos & J.Pardo) Holub

Tithymalus helioscopius

authorship: Hill

Tithymalus helioscopius subsp. dominii

authorship: (Rohlena) Soják

name: Tithymalus helioscopius subsp. helioscopioides

authorship: (Loscos & J.Pardo) Soják

Tithymalus serratus

authorship: Gilib.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN AFG ALT CHN CHC CHS CYP EAI GST CHH CHI IRN IRQ JAP KAZ KGZ KOR LBS CHM NNS NCS OMA PAL CHQ SAU SIN TZK TAI TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX YEM BAN IND PAK VIE WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Hainan

code: CHH

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2052 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Молочай солнцегляд
Молочай-солнцегляд

names:
Euphorbe helioscope
euphorbe réveil-matin

names:
Ευβορβία η ηλιοσκόπια
Ευφορβία η ηλιοσκόπια

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Attalus lusitanicus
Bellardia vulgaris
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Bruchidius bimaculatus
Bruchidius seminarius

partners:
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis arbustorum
Eristalis tenax
Scaeva pyrastri
Agalenatea redii
Apis mellifera
Bellardia vulgaris
Camponotus micans

partners:
Aglaostigma aucupariae
Corizus hyoscyami
Dicranocephalus albipes
Formica cunicularia
Pherbellia cinerella
Pisaura
Podosphaera euphorbiae
Scaeva pyrastri

partners:
Chloris chloris
Fringilla coelebs
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: euphorbia-helleri

scientific: Euphorbia helleri

authorship: Millsp.

epithet: helleri

preferred: Heller's spurge

Tithymalus helleri

authorship: (Millsp.) Small

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

lifeform: annual

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: non-woody

value: therophyte

value: annual

authors: Millsp.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-heptagona

scientific: Euphorbia heptagona

authorship: L.

epithet: heptagona

Anthacantha desmetiana

authorship: Lem.

Euphorbia atrispina var. viridis

authorship: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Euphorbia enopla

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia heptagona var. dentata

authorship: (A.Berger) N.E.Br.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 462 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 七棱大戟 红彩阁

names: barril-de-leite eufórbia

names: donkienoorsdoring klipnoors

authors: L.

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-hercegovina

scientific: Euphorbia hercegovina

authorship: Beck

epithet: hercegovina

published_in: Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 95 (1920)

Euphorbia barrelieri subsp. hercegovina

authorship: (Beck) Kuzmanov

Euphorbia barrelieri var. hercegovina

authorship: (Beck) Hayek

name: Tithymalus barrelieri subsp. hercegovinus

authorship: (Beck) Soják

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

lifeform: subshrub

climate: temperate

authors: Beck

published_in: Glasn. Zem. Mus. Bosn. i Hercegov. (Fl. Bosn. Hercegov. &c.) xxxii. 95(1920)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-heterophylla

scientific: Euphorbia heterophylla

epithet: heterophylla

preferred: Mexican fireplant

Agaloma angustifolia

authorship: Raf.

Cyathophora heterophyla

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Euphorbia angustifolia

authorship: Lockh. ex G.Don

Euphorbia barbellata

authorship: Engelm.

Euphorbia calyciflora

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Euphorbia cyathophora

authorship: Murray

Euphorbia cyathophora var. graminifolia

authorship: Chapm.

Euphorbia frangulaefolia

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia geniculata

authorship: Ortega

Euphorbia graminifolia

authorship: Michx.

Euphorbia heterophylla f. cyathophora

authorship: (Murray) Voss

Euphorbia heterophylla f. hirticaulis

authorship: Kuntze

Euphorbia heterophylla var. barbellata

authorship: (Engelm.) Holz.

name: Euphorbia heterophylla var. brasiliensis

Euphorbia heterophylla var. geniculata

authorship: (Ortega) M.Gómez

name: Euphorbia heterophylla var. graminifolia

authorship: (Chapm.) Chapm.

Euphorbia linifolia

authorship: Vahl

Euphorbia lockhartii

authorship: Steud.

Euphorbia morisoniana

authorship: Klotzsch

Euphorbia pandurifolia

authorship: Roth

Euphorbia prunifolia

authorship: Jacq.

Euphorbia prunifolia f. silvatica

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Poinsettia barbellata

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Poinsettia cyathophora

authorship: (Murray) Klotzsch & Garcke

name: Poinsettia cyathophora var. graminifolia

authorship: (Chapm.) Mohlenbr.

Poinsettia edwardsii

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Poinsettia geniculata

authorship: (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke

Poinsettia geniculata var. heterophylla

authorship: (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Poinsettia graminifolia

authorship: (Chapm.) Millsp.

Poinsettia havanensis

authorship: Small

Poinsettia morisoniana

authorship: (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke

Poinsettia prunifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Poinsettia taiwaniana

authorship: (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying

Tithymalus cyatophorus

authorship: (Murray) Moench

Tithymalus heterophyllus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tithymalus prunifolius

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

codes: ARK FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIN MSI MSO NEB NWM OKL SDA TEN TEX UTA VRG WIS AGE AGW BAH BLZ BER BOL BZL BZC CAY CLN CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT TCI URU VEN VNA WIN

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Euphorbe hétérophylle
Euphorbe hétérophylle, Herbe de lait

partners:
Apis mellifera
Chrysididae
Coleoptera
Eristalinus tabanoides
Eucerini
Hymenoptera
Lipotriches
Megachile frontalis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Entedon cionobius
Aedes aegypti
Agapostemon splendens
Ammophila procera
Apis cerana
Ascia monuste
Ascia monuste monuste

partners:
Apis cerana
Camponotus lindigi
Catopsilia pomona
Danaus genutia
Episimus argutana
Erinnyis ello
Nomia westwoodi
Olonia rubicunda

partners:
Anagrus empoascae
Encarsia bimaculata
Encarsia brasiliensis
Encarsia guadeloupae
Encarsia luteola
Encarsia neoporteri
Encarsia nigricephala
Encarsia pergandiella

partners: Euphorbia heterophylla associated gemycircularvirus


slug: euphorbia-hexagona

scientific: Euphorbia hexagona

authorship: Nutt. ex Spreng.

epithet: hexagona

preferred: sixangle spurge

Euphorbia heterantha

authorship: Nutt.

Zalitea linearis

authorship: Raf.

codes: ARK COL IOW KAN MIN MSO MNT NEB NWM OKL SDA TEX WIS WYO

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sixangle spurge
six-angle spurge

category: Physiology

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-hieroglyphica

scientific: Euphorbia hieroglyphica

authorship: Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.

epithet: hieroglyphica

Tithymalus hieroglyphicus

authorship: (Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.) Soják

Algeria

code: ALG

authors: Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 144

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-hierosolymitana

scientific: Euphorbia hierosolymitana

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: hierosolymitana

name: Euphorbia thamnoides var. hierosolymitana

authorship: (Boiss.) Boiss.

Tithymalus louisii

authorship: (J.Thiébaut) Soják

Tithymalus thamnoides

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

codes: EGY EAI LBS PAL SIN TCS TUR

Egypt

code: EGY

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 461 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай иерусалимский

names: חלבלוב מגובשש

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

value: subshrub

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 110


slug: euphorbia-hindsiana

scientific: Euphorbia hindsiana

authorship: Benth.

epithet: hindsiana

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 51 (1844)

Euphorbia californica var. hindsiana

authorship: (Benth.) Wiggins

Trichosterigma hindsianum

authorship: (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: MXN MXS

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 51, t. 24


slug: euphorbia-hirsuta

scientific: Euphorbia hirsuta

authorship: L.

epithet: hirsuta

Euphorbia bonae

authorship: Mutel

Euphorbia crispata

authorship: Hornem.

Euphorbia gussoneana

authorship: Lojac.

Euphorbia hirsuta f. crispata

authorship: (Willd. ex Hornem.) Oudejans

Euphorbia hirsuta f. glabrescens

authorship: (St.-Lag.) Oudejans

Euphorbia hirsuta f. integrifolia

authorship: (Deysson) Oudejans

Euphorbia hirsuta f. laevis

authorship: (Merino) Oudejans

Euphorbia hirsuta f. serrata

authorship: (Lojac.) Oudejans

Euphorbia hirsuta f. subglabra

authorship: (Godr.) Oudejans

Euphorbia hirsuta var. leucotricha

authorship: (Boiss.) Oudejans

Euphorbia hirsuta var. subglabra

authorship: (Godr.) Nebot, De la Torre, Mateo & Alcaraz

Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. pubescens

authorship: (Vahl) Knoche

name: Euphorbia platyphyllos var. flavopurpurea

authorship: Willk.

Euphorbia pubescens

authorship: Vahl

Euphorbia pubescens f. subglabra

authorship: (Godr. & Gren.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Euphorbia pubescens subvar. integrifolia

authorship: Deysson

name: Euphorbia pubescens subvar. serrulatifolia

Euphorbia pubescens var. crispata

authorship: (Willd. ex Hornem.) Boiss.

Euphorbia pubescens var. erioclada

authorship: Sart. ex Nyman

Euphorbia pubescens var. genuina

authorship: Godr.

Euphorbia pubescens var. laevis

authorship: Merino

Euphorbia pubescens var. subglabra

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Euphorbia sera-comans

authorship: Bubani

Euphorbia vahliana

authorship: Guss.

Galarhoeus pubescens

authorship: (Vahl) Fourr.

Tithymalus pubescens

authorship: (Vahl) Samp.

Tithymalus sera-comans

authorship: (Bubani) Bubani

codes: ALG CNY MOR TUN CYP EAI IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iraq

code: IRQ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 219 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Euphorbe hirsute, Euphorbe hérissée, Euphorbe pubescente

partners:
Ceylalictus punjabensis
Ceylalictus variegatus


slug: euphorbia-hirta

scientific: Euphorbia hirta

authorship: L.

epithet: hirta

preferred: pillpod sandmat

source: usda

Chamaesyce gemella

authorship: (Lag.) Small

Chamaesyce hirta

authorship: (L.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce hirta f. glaberrima

authorship: (Koidz.) Hurus.

Chamaesyce hirta f. litoralis

authorship: Hurus.

Chamaesyce hirta var. glaberrima

authorship: (Koidz.) H.Hara

Chamaesyce hirta var. laeticincta

authorship: Croizat

Chamaesyce karwinskyi

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce pekinensis var. glaberrima

authorship: (Koidz.) Makino & Nemoto

Chamaesyce rosei

authorship: Millsp.

Desmonema hirta

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Euphorbia bancana

authorship: Miq.

Euphorbia capitata

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia gemella

authorship: Lag.

Euphorbia globulifera

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia hirta var. glaberrima

authorship: Koidz.

Euphorbia karwinskyi

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia nodiflora

authorship: Steud.

Euphorbia obliterata

authorship: Jacq.

Euphorbia pilulifera f. humifusa

authorship: Domin

Euphorbia pilulifera var. arechavaletae

authorship: Herter

Euphorbia pilulifera var. discolor

authorship: Engelm.

Euphorbia pilulifera var. glabrescens

authorship: Thell.

Euphorbia pilulifera var. guaranitica

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Euphorbia pilulifera var. hirta

authorship: (L.) Griseb.

authorship: (L.) Thell.

Euphorbia pilulifera var. obliterata

authorship: (Jacq.) Hitchc.

Euphorbia verticillata

authorship: Vell.

codes: ALA ARI CAL FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI NEV NWM NCA SCA TEX UTA AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CPI CLC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mississippi

code: MSI

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1979 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Tannic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic AntiHIV Antianacarditic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Anticolitic Antidecubitic

Ellagic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Abortifacient Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiGTF AntiHIV Antiaflatoxin Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Gallic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Analgesic AntiHIV AntiMRSA Antiadenovirus Antiallergenic Antianaphylactic Antiangiogenic

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

Ferulic-acid

activities:
Allelopathic
Analgesic
Antiaggregant
Antiallergic
Antiarrhythmic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Colon)
Anticancer (Forestomach)

Rhamnetin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Antiaflatoxin Antibacterial Anticancer Antimutagenic Antioxidant Antiradicular

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

P-coumaric-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antifertility Antihepatotoxic Antileukemic Antinitrosaminic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
labeinah
عشبة الربو

names: Молочай волосистый

names:
Euphorbe hérissée, Jean Robert
Herbe à verrues

names:
அம்மான் பச்சரிசி
அம்மன் பச்சரிசி

names: น้ำนมราชสีห์

names: חלבלוב הכדורים

partners:
Apis mellifera
Crabronidae
Nomia
Pompilidae
Sphecodes
Wasp Euphorbia

partners:
Aetole bella
Apis florea
Crabronidae
Curvie emesia
Danaus plexippus
Luthrodes pandava
Nomia
Pompilidae

partners:
Tarophagus colocasiae
Adoxophyes fasciculana
Amsacta moorei
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Apis florea
Bemisia euphorbiae
Cyclura lewisi

partners:
Aenasius indicus
Anagyrus dactylopii
Encarsia
Encarsia adusta
Encarsia nigricephala


slug: euphorbia-humifusa

scientific: Euphorbia humifusa

authorship: Willd.

epithet: humifusa

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 27 (1814)

Anisophyllum humifusum

authorship: (Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce humifusa

authorship: (Willd.) Prokh.

Chamaesyce humifusa f. glabra

authorship: (Thell.) Hurus.

Chamaesyce humifusa var. glabra

authorship: (Thell.) H.Hara

name: Chamaesyce humifusa var. pseudochamaesyce

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Hurus.

Chamaesyce tashiroi

authorship: (Hayata) H.Hara

Euphorbia confusa

authorship: Blume ex Boiss.

Euphorbia goeringii

authorship: Steud. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia humifusa f. glabra

authorship: (Thell.) S.Z.Liou

authorship: (Thell.) Murata

name: Euphorbia humifusa var. pseudochamaesyce

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Murata

Euphorbia polygonisperma

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Euphorbia pseudochamaesyce

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Euphorbia pseudochamaesyce f. pilosa

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Kitag.

Euphorbia sanguinea

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia tashiroi

authorship: Hayata

Tithymalus humifusus

authorship: (Willd.) Bubani

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHH CHI IRN IRK JAP KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA CHM MON NNS NCS PRM CHQ TZK TAI CHT TCS TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK RUE KRY UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Hainan

code: CHH

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 247 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай приземистый

names: Молочай простертий

names: Налчгар-сүүт өвс

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus
Anas platyrhynchos

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-humistrata

scientific: Euphorbia humistrata

authorship: Engelm. ex A.Gray

epithet: humistrata

preferred: spreading sandmat

Anisophyllum humistratum

authorship: (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce humistrata

authorship: (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Small

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MSI MSO OHI OKL TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 249 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Spreading Broomspurge
hairy spreading spurge

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-hyberna

scientific: Euphorbia hyberna

authorship: L.

epithet: hyberna

Euphorbia carniolica

authorship: Lapeyr.

Euphorbia emarginata

authorship: Aiton

Euphorbia hibernica

authorship: Spreng.

Euphorbia hyberna subsp. euhyberna

authorship: Briq.

Euphorbia hyberna var. monantha

authorship: Merino

Euphorbia lusitanica

authorship: Steud.

Galarhoeus emarginatus

authorship: Haw.

Galarhoeus hybernus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tithymalus hybernus

authorship: (L.) Hill

codes: FRA IRE POR SPA

France

code: FRA

Ireland

code: IRE

region: Northern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 439 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
llaethlys Iwerddon
Fflamgoed Wyddelig

partners:
Andrena bicolor
Andrena chrysosceles
Andrena flavipes
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena lapponica
Andrena nitida
Andrena semilaevis
Andrena subopaca

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae
Uromyces tinctoriicola

value: hemicryptophyte


slug: euphorbia-hypericifolia

scientific: Euphorbia hypericifolia

epithet: hypericifolia

preferred: graceful spurge

english:
graceful spurge
graceful sandmat

source: inat

Chamaesyce boliviana

authorship: (Rusby) Croizat

Chamaesyce glomerifera

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce hypericifolia

authorship: (L.) Millsp.

Ditrita obliqua

authorship: Raf.

Euphorbia boliviana

authorship: Rusby

Euphorbia cuspidata

authorship: Bertol.

Euphorbia glomerifera

authorship: (Millsp.) L.C.Wheeler

Euphorbia hypericifolia var. maculata

authorship: Klotzsch

Euphorbia papilligera

authorship: Boiss.

codes: IRQ LBS PAL ALA FLA GEO LOU MXI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS OKL SCA TEX AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLN CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TRT TCI URU VEN VNA WIN

Iraq

code: IRQ

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

South Carolina

code: SCA

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

names: Euphorbe à feuilles de millepertuis, Jean Belan, Jean Bélan

partners:
Agapostemon sericeus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Apis florea
Bombus impatiens
Campsomeriella annulata annulata
Dioprosopa clavatus
Eristalis arbustorum
Euodynerus foraminatus

partners:
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Dioprosopa clavatus

partners:
Campsomeriella annulata annulata
Cyclura lewisi
Leptotes plinius
Pseudozizeeria maha
Spilopelia chinensis

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: euphorbia-hyssopifolia

scientific: Euphorbia hyssopifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: hyssopifolia

preferred: hyssopleaf sandmat

Chamaesyce brasiliensis

authorship: (Lam.) Small

Chamaesyce hyssopifolia

authorship: (L.) Small

Chamaesyce jonesii

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

Euphorbia blanchetii

authorship: Miq.

Euphorbia brasiliensis

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia brasiliensis f. angustior

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Euphorbia brasiliensis f. pruinosa

authorship: Chodat

Euphorbia brasiliensis var. blanchetii

authorship: (Miq.) Boiss.

name: Euphorbia brasiliensis var. hyssopifolia

authorship: (L.) Boiss.

name: Euphorbia brasiliensis var. paraguayensis

Euphorbia brasiliensis var. pruinosa

authorship: (Chodat) Chodat & Hassl.

Euphorbia brasiliensis var. pulchella

authorship: (Kunth) Boiss.

Euphorbia domingensis

authorship: Spreng. ex Boiss.

name: Euphorbia hypericifolia var. falciformis

Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. blanchetii

authorship: (Miq. ex Boiss.) Oudejans

name: Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. paraguayensis

authorship: (Chodat) Oudejans

Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pulchella

authorship: (Kunth) Oudejans

Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. uniflora

authorship: (Chodat & Hassl.) Oudejans

Euphorbia nirurioides

authorship: (Millsp.) Fawc. & Rendle

Euphorbia pulchella

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia serrulata

authorship: Vell.

codes: ALA ARI FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI NWM SCA TEX UTA AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BER BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN VNA WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

region: Mexico

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Nannotrigona mellaria
Unidentified sp3 M_PL_035

partners:
Augochlorini
Formicinae
Halictus poeyi
Nannotrigona mellaria
Neopamera bilobata
Tapinoma sessile
Toxomerus floralis

partners:
Calliopsis squamifera
Dialictus
Halictus poeyi
Liorhyssus hyalinus
Perdita obscurella
Rhinacloa forticornis

partners:
Erinnyis ello
Halictus poeyi
Parasaissetia nigra
Synchlora frondaria
Zethus toltecus


slug: euphorbia-iberica

scientific: Euphorbia iberica

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: iberica

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 38 (1860)

Euphorbia kemulariae

authorship: Ter-Chatsch.

Galarhoeus ibericus

authorship: (Boiss.) Prokh.

Tithymalus sanasunitensis

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Soják

codes: IRN IRQ NCS TCS TUR RUE KRY

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

Krym

code: KRY

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 637 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай грузинский

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 38

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-illirica

scientific: Euphorbia illirica

authorship: Lam.

epithet: illirica

Euphorbia cantabrica

authorship: Rouy

Euphorbia carinthiaca

authorship: Traunf. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia cechica

authorship: Opiz

Euphorbia costata

authorship: Schur

Euphorbia hirsuta

authorship: Kit. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia klokovii

authorship: Dubovik

Euphorbia pilosa subsp. villosa

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Nyman

Euphorbia pilosa var. gymnocarpa

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Euphorbia pilosa var. illirica

authorship: (Lam.) Nyman

Euphorbia pilosa var. reichenbachiana

authorship: (Willk.) Boiss.

Euphorbia pilosa var. trigonocarpa

authorship: (Fisch.) Boiss.

Euphorbia procera var. trichocarpa

authorship: Koch

Euphorbia pseudovillosa

authorship: Klokov

Euphorbia reichenbachiana

authorship: Willk.

Euphorbia subcordata

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Schur

Euphorbia trigonocarpa

authorship: Fisch.

Euphorbia villosa

authorship: Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.

Euphorbia villosa var. longifolia

authorship: (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Euphorbia volhynica

authorship: Besser ex M.Raciborski

Galarhoeus villosus

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Prokh.

Tithymalus subcordatus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus villosus

authorship: Pacher

Tithymalus villosus var. trichocarpus

authorship: (Koch) Dostál

Tithymalus volhynicus

authorship: (Szafer, Kulcz. & Pawł.) Holub

codes: ALG ALB AUT BLR BUL CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 211 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай иллирийский

names:
Wollige Wolfsmilch
Artengruppe Zottige Wolfsmilch

names: Euphorbe d'Illyrie, Euphorbe poilue, Euphorbe velue

partners:
Ameromicrus violaceus
Pseudotorymus euphorbiae
Pteromalus villosae


slug: euphorbia-inaequilatera

scientific: Euphorbia inaequilatera

authorship: Sond.

epithet: inaequilatera

preferred: prostrate spurge

english:
prostrate spurge
smooth creeping milkweed
smooth prostrate euphorbia

Anisophyllum inaequilaterum

authorship: (Sond.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce granulata var. dentata

authorship: (N.E.Br.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

Chamaesyce inaequilatera

authorship: (Sond.) Soják

Euphorbia granulata var. glabra

authorship: Maire

Euphorbia haematodes

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia hypericifolia var. pusilla

authorship: Webb

Euphorbia inaequilatera var. dentata

authorship: (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert

Euphorbia inaequilatera var. jemenica

authorship: (Schweinf.) Oudejans

Euphorbia intermedia

authorship: Hochst. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia nelsii

authorship: Pax

Euphorbia parvifolia

authorship: E.Mey. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia sanguinea

authorship: Hochst. & Steud. ex Benth.

Euphorbia sanguinea var. jemenica

authorship: Schweinf.

Euphorbia sanguinea var. setigera

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

codes: ALG ANG BOT BKN BUR CNY CPP CVI CHA DJI EGY ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT MLW MLI MTN MOR MOZ NAM NGR TVL RWA SEY SOC SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM AFG GST IRN SAU YEM PAK

Algeria

code: ALG

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Mozambique

code: MOZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 80 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай неравнобокий

names:
gladde rooiopslag euphorbia
gladdekruipmelkkruid

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-indivisa

scientific: Euphorbia indivisa

authorship: (Engelm.) Tidestr.

epithet: indivisa

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 40 (1935)

Chamaesyce indivisa

authorship: (Engelm.) Millsp.

Euphorbia adenoptera var. indivisa

authorship: (Engelm. ex Torr.) Boiss.

Euphorbia dioeca var. indivisa

authorship: Engelm.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 427 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chamaesyce indivisa
royal sandmat

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: (Engelm.) Tidestr.

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 40


slug: euphorbia-inermis

scientific: Euphorbia inermis

authorship: Mill.

epithet: inermis

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Mutillidae
Nomioides maculiventris

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 13

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-ingens-e-mey-ex-boiss

scientific: Euphorbia ingens

epithet: ingens

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2): 87. 1862 [late Jan 1862]

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cactus spurge
Common Naboom

names: cacto-candelabro mandacaru-africano

names: Молочай великий

names: Baum-Euphorbie Kaktus-Wolfsmilch

names:
Gewone Naboom
Kandelaaragtige Naboom

names: mkonde mukonde

names: mokgopho moėkėsė

names: chochoe choloubja

names: umhlondo umhlontlo

partners:
Calliphora
Episyrphus balteatus
Melanostoma
Scaeva
Chrysomya megacephala
Eristalinus taeniops
Myathropa florea
Philanthus triangulum

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

authors: E.Mey. ex Boiss.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-ingens-e-mey

Euphorbia candelabrum var. bilocularis

authorship: (N.E.Br.) S.Carter

Euphorbia confertiflora

authorship: Volkens

Euphorbia reinhardtii var. bilocularis

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Oudejans

Euphorbia tozzii

authorship: Chiov.

codes: ANG BOT BUR CPV ZAI ERI SWZ ETH KEN NAT MLW MOZ TVL RWA SOM TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Burundi

code: BUR

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Somalia

code: SOM

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: succulent tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names: 冲天阁 沖天閣

names: Молочай великий

published_in: Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 184

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: euphorbia-innocua

scientific: Euphorbia innocua

epithet: innocua

preferred: velvet spurge

Euphorbia refugii

authorship: Croizat

Texas

code: TEX

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 62, tab. 3, D

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-insularis

scientific: Euphorbia insularis

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: insularis

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 32 (1860)

Euphorbia hyberna subsp. insularis

authorship: (Boiss.) Briq.

Euphorbia hyberna var. insularis

authorship: (Boiss.) Fiori

Tithymalus hybernus subsp. insularis

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

codes: COR ITA SAR

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Sardegna

code: SAR

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 32

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-ipecacuanhae

scientific: Euphorbia ipecacuanhae

authorship: L.

epithet: ipecacuanhae

preferred: American ipecac

Agaloma ipecacuanhae

authorship: Nieuwl.

Anisophyllum ipecacuanha

authorship: Haw.

Euphorbia atrorubens

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia ipecacuanhae f. linearis

authorship: (Moldenke) Fernald

name: Euphorbia ipecacuanhae var. portulacoides

authorship: (L.) Boiss.

Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae

authorship: Small

Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae f. linearis

authorship: Moldenke

name: Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae f. orbiculata

Tithymalus ipecacuanhae

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Vallaris ipecacuana

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Vallaris ipecacuanhae var. linearifolia

authorship: Raf.

codes: CNT DEL WDC GEO MRY NWJ NWY NCA PEN SCA VRG

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 593 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
American ipecac
Carolina ipecac


slug: euphorbia-jaegeri

scientific: Euphorbia jaegeri

authorship: V.W.Steinm. & J.M.André

epithet: jaegeri

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: V.W.Steinm. & J.M.André


slug: euphorbia-jejuna

scientific: Euphorbia jejuna

authorship: M.C.Johnst. & Warnock

epithet: jejuna

published_in: S. W. Naturalist 5: 97 (1960)

preferred: dwarf sandmat

Chamaesyce jejuna

authorship: (M.C.Johnst. & Warnock) Shinners

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

names:
dwarf broomspurge
dwarf sandmat

authors: M.C.Johnst. & Warnock

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 5(2): 97

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHJE

license: public domain

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-jenisseiensis

scientific: Euphorbia jenisseiensis

authorship: Baikov

epithet: jenisseiensis

Euphorbia alpina var. baikalensis

authorship: Boiss.

codes: BRY IRK KRA TVA WSB

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 400 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай енисейский

authors: Baikov

published_in: Fl. Sibir. (Geraniac.-Cornac.) 10: 47 (1996)

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-jolkinii

scientific: Euphorbia jolkinii

epithet: jolkinii

Dichrophyllum jolkini

authorship: (Boiss.) F.C.Ho

Euphorbia calonesiaca

authorship: Croizat

Euphorbia formosana

authorship: Hayata

Euphorbia japonica

authorship: Siebold ex Boiss.

Euphorbia jolkinii f. insularis

authorship: (Hurus.) Oudejans

Galarhoeus calonesiacus

authorship: (Croizat) Hara

Galarhoeus formosana var. hayatae

authorship: Hurus.

Galarhoeus formosanus

authorship: (Hayata) Hara

authorship: (Hayata) Hurus.

Galarhoeus jolkinii

authorship: (Boiss.) H.Hara

Galarhoeus nematocypha

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Hurus.

Galarhoeus shouanensis

authorship: (H.Keng) Hurus.

authorship: (H.Keng) Keng

Tithymalus calonesiacus

authorship: (Croizat) S.S.Ying

Tithymalus formosanus

authorship: (Hayata) S.S.Ying

Tithymalus shouanensis

authorship: (H.Keng) S.S.Ying

codes: CHC JAP KOR NNS TAI

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 大狼毒 台湾大戟

names: イワタイゲキ タイワンタカトウダイ

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-katrajensis

scientific: Euphorbia katrajensis

authorship: Gage

epithet: katrajensis

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 236 (1914)

Chamaesyce katrajensis

authorship: (Gage) Soják

India

code: IND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

authors: Gage

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(7): 236


slug: euphorbia-khandallensis

scientific: Euphorbia khandallensis

authorship: Blatt. & Hallb.

epithet: khandallensis

Euphorbia fusiformis var. khandallensis

authorship: (Blatt. & Hallb.) Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.

Euphorbia panchganiensis

authorship: Blatt. & McCann

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

authors: Blatt. & Hallb.

published_in: J. Indian Bot. 2: 48

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-kischenensis

scientific: Euphorbia kischenensis

authorship: Vierh.

epithet: kischenensis

published_in: Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 71: 379 (1907)

Socotra

code: SOC

authors: Vierh.

published_in: Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. lxxi. 379 (1907)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-klotzschii

scientific: Euphorbia klotzschii

authorship: Oudejans

epithet: klotzschii

Anisophyllum ovalifolium

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce ovalifolia

authorship: (Engelm. ex Klotzsch) Croizat

Euphorbia depressa

authorship: Phil. ex Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia klotzschii var. argentina

authorship: (Müll.Arg. ex Griseb.) Oudejans

Euphorbia klotzschii var. dentata

authorship: (R.E.Fr.) Oudejans

Euphorbia klotzschii var. schizosepala

authorship: (Boiss.) Oudejans

Euphorbia montevidensis

authorship: Casar. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia obliquifolia

authorship: Kunze ex Boiss.

Euphorbia ovalifolia

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia ovalifolia var. argentina

authorship: Griseb.

Euphorbia ovalifolia var. montevidensis

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia serpens var. montevidensis

authorship: (Boiss.) Cabrera

Euphorbia serpens var. ovalifolia

authorship: (Engelm. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) Allem

codes: AGE AGW AGS BOL CLC CLS PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Erinnyis oenotrus
Thagona tibialis

authors: Oudejans

published_in: Phytologia 67(1): 46, nom. nov

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-komaroviana

scientific: Euphorbia komaroviana

authorship: Prokh.

epithet: komaroviana

Euphorbia fischeriana var. komaroviana

authorship: (Prokh.) Chu

Euphorbia pallasii var. komaroviana

authorship: (Prokh.) Y.C.Chu

codes: KHA KOR CHM PRM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 148 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Prokh.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-kotschyana

scientific: Euphorbia kotschyana

authorship: Fenzl

epithet: kotschyana

Tithymalus kotschyanus

authorship: (Fenzl) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: EAI LBS TUR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

authors: Fenzl

published_in: Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 7


slug: euphorbia-kraussiana

scientific: Euphorbia kraussiana

authorship: Bernh. ex Krauss

epithet: kraussiana

Euphorbia erubescens

authorship: E.Mey. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia kraussiana var. erubescens

authorship: (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) N.E.Br.

Tithymalus meyeri

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Bernh. ex Krauss

published_in: Flora 28: 87

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-lactea

scientific: Euphorbia lactea

authorship: Haw.

epithet: lactea

preferred: mottled spurge

Euphorbia lactea

authorship: Roxb.

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: succulent shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 530 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mottled spurge
Devil's Walking Stick

names: 日出 春峰

names: candelabro planta-candelabro

names:
Cactus candélabre
Candélabre

value: tree

authors: Haw.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: euphorbia-lactiflua

scientific: Euphorbia lactiflua

authorship: Phil.

epithet: lactiflua

Tirucalia lactiflua

authorship: (Phil.) P.V.Heath

Chile North

code: CLN

lifeform: semisucculent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 乳胶大戟 乳膠大戟

names: Молочай млекоточивый

authors: Phil.

published_in: Fl. Atacam. 48


slug: euphorbia-lamarckii

scientific: Euphorbia lamarckii

authorship: Sweet

epithet: lamarckii

published_in: Hort. Suburb. Lond. : 107 (1818)

Euphorbia broussonetii

authorship: Willd. ex Link

Euphorbia lamarckii var. broussonetii

authorship: (Willd. ex Link) Molero & Rovira

Euphorbia obtusifolia

authorship: Poir.

Euphorbia obtusifolia var. wildpretii

authorship: Molero & Rovira

Euphorbia virgata

authorship: Desf.

Tirucalia virgata

authorship: (Haw.) P.V.Heath

Canary Is.

code: CNY

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 951 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай Ламарка

partners:
Andrena
Andrena milwaukeensis
Apis mellifera
Argynnis edwardsii
Besseria brevipennis
Bombus cryptarum
Bombus huntii
Bombus terrestris canariensis

partners:
Hyles tithymali
Issus padipus

value: 2 m

value: Feb-May

authors: Sweet

published_in: Hort. Suburb. Lond. 107

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-lancifolia

scientific: Euphorbia lancifolia

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: lancifolia

preferred: ixbut

Euphorbia lancifolia var. villicaulis

authorship: Fernald

Poinsettia lancifolia

authorship: (Schltdl.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM ECU ELS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

names:
Besmut
corona de Cristo

authors: Schltdl.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: euphorbia-laredana

scientific: Euphorbia laredana

authorship: Millsp.

epithet: laredana

published_in: Pittonia 2: 88 (May 1890)

preferred: Laredo sandmat

Chamaesyce laredana

authorship: (Millsp.) Small

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Millsp.

published_in: Pittonia 2(8): 88

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHLA8

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-larica

scientific: Euphorbia larica

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: larica

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 24 (1860)

Euphorbia masirahensis

authorship: Ghaz.

Tirucalia larica

authorship: (Boiss.) P.V.Heath

codes: GST IRN OMA YEM

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Oman

code: OMA

Yemen

code: YEM

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 245 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай ларский

value: woody

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 24

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: euphorbia-lasiocarpa

scientific: Euphorbia lasiocarpa

authorship: Klotzsch

epithet: lasiocarpa

published_in: Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 414 (1843)

preferred: roadside sandmat

Anisophyllum lasiocarpum

authorship: (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce lasiocarpa

authorship: (Klotzsch) Arthur

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS AGE AGW BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE TRT VEN VNA WIN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 655 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: euphorbia-lata

scientific: Euphorbia lata

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: lata

preferred: hoary sandmat

Alectoroctonum dilatatum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce lata

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Euphorbia dilatata

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

codes: COL KAN MXN NWM OKL TEX

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 621 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
broadleaf spurge
hoary euphorbia

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 188

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHLA10


slug: euphorbia-lathyris

scientific: Euphorbia lathyris

authorship: L.

epithet: lathyris

preferred: caper spurge

english:
caper spurge
moleplant

Epurga lathyris

authorship: Fourr.

Euphorbia decussata

authorship: Salisb.

Euphorbia lathyris var. minor

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Euphorbia spongiosa

authorship: Ledeb. ex Schrank

Galarhoeus decussatus

authorship: Gray

Galarhoeus lathyris

authorship: Haw.

Keraselma lathyris

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Tithymalus cataputia

authorship: Garsault

Tithymalus lathyris

authorship: Hill

codes: KGZ CHX PAK

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

region: Central Asia

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Pakistan

code: PAK

lifeform: biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

L-dopa

activities:
Analgesic
Anorexic
Antidote (Manganese)
Antiencephalopathic
Antifeedant
Antimorphinic
Antineuroleptic
Antiparkinsonian

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Daphnetin

activities: Analgesic Antibacterial Cholagogue Immunostimulant Pesticide

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

Taraxerol

activities: Antisecretory Antiulcer

names:
caper spurge
moleplant

names:
cañamón purgante
lechetrezna

names: 千金子 续随子叶

names: catapúcia-menor morganheira

names:
euphorbe épurge
Euphorbe a feuilles decussees

names:
pryšec skočcový
mlie

names: hagevortemelk korsvortemelk

names:
Fflamgoed Gaperol
Llaethlys Caprys

names: hagevortemjølk krossvortemjølk

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Apis mellifera
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Aleyrodes proletella
Alydus calcaratus

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Pediobius metallicus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: chamaephyte

value: biennial

value: yellow


slug: euphorbia-laurifolia

scientific: Euphorbia laurifolia

authorship: Lam.

epithet: laurifolia

Euphorbia cestrifolia

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia goudotii

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia latazi var. glabra

authorship: Steyerm.

Euphorbia lehmanniana

authorship: Pax

Euphorbiodendron cestrifolium

authorship: (Kunth) Millsp.

Euphorbiodendron goudotii

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

Euphorbiodendron laurifolium

authorship: Millsp.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 654 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Lechero Nonocta

names: Contrarrayo Lecherillo

value: shrub

value: 8 m

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(2): 418

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: euphorbia-leptocaula

scientific: Euphorbia leptocaula

epithet: leptocaula

Euphorbia borszczowii

authorship: Prokh.

Euphorbia bupleuroides

authorship: Willd. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia longifolia

authorship: Gueldenst.

Galarhoeus leptocaulus

authorship: (Boiss.) Prokh.

codes: NCS WSB RUE KRY ROM RUS UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

West Siberia

code: WSB

region: Siberia

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

region: Southeastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай тонкостебельный

names: Молочай тонкостеблий

value: perennial

value: Apr-Jun

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 159

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-leucocephala

scientific: Euphorbia leucocephala

authorship: Lotsy

epithet: leucocephala

preferred: pascuita

codes: MXT MXS CLM ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

region: Western South America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 207 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
pascuita
White Poinsettia

names:
Flor de niño
Navidad

names: Véu-de-noiva cabeleira-de-velho

names: Молочай белоголовый

names: Euphorbe à tête blanche, Petit poinsettia blanc

partners:
Sphaerophoria
Syritta pipiens

authors: Lotsy

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-leucophylla

scientific: Euphorbia leucophylla

authorship: Benth.

epithet: leucophylla

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 50 (1844)

name: Euphorbia leucophylla subsp. comcaacorum

authorship: V.W.Steinm. & Felger

name: Euphorbia leucophylla subsp. leucophylla

Euphorbia velutina

authorship: Greene

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 452 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 50

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-lignosa

scientific: Euphorbia lignosa

authorship: Marloth

epithet: lignosa

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 316 (1910)

Euphorbia engleriana

authorship: Dinter

Tirucalia curocana

authorship: (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath

Tirucalia lignosa

authorship: (Marloth) P.V.Heath

codes: ANG CPP NAM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 177 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: GIFT

authors: Marloth

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 316


slug: euphorbia-lomelii

scientific: Euphorbia lomelii

epithet: lomelii

Hexadenia macrocarpa

authorship: (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymaloides macrocarpa

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

Tithymalus macrocarpus

authorship: (Benth.) Croizat

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 754 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай Ломели

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49


slug: euphorbia-longicruris

scientific: Euphorbia longicruris

authorship: Scheele

epithet: longicruris

preferred: wedgeleaf spurge

Euphorbia lindheimeriana

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia peploides

authorship: Nutt.

Tithymalus longicruris

authorship: Small

codes: ARK KAN OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 150 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wedgeleaf spurge
wedge-leaf spurge

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: Scheele

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: euphorbia-loricata

scientific: Euphorbia loricata

authorship: Lam.

epithet: loricata

Euphorbia armata

authorship: Thunb.

Euphorbia hystrix

authorship: Jacq.

Treisia hystrix

authorship: Haw.

Cape Provinces

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 187 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cushion Milkspurge
Hedgehog Milkbush

names: 云霄麒麟 白霜树

names: doringpol Krimpvarkiebos

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(2): 416

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-louwii

scientific: Euphorbia louwii

epithet: louwii

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

value: 1 m

published_in: J. S. African Bot. 46(2): 207

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-lucida

scientific: Euphorbia lucida

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

epithet: lucida

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 54 (1802)

preferred: shining spurge

source: wikidata

Euphorbia androsaemifolia

authorship: (Haw.) Steud.

Euphorbia esula var. triumfetti

authorship: (Bertol.) Nyman

Euphorbia lucida f. angustifolia

authorship: (Tausch) Slavik

Euphorbia lucida var. androsaemifolia

authorship: (Haw.) K.Koch

Euphorbia lucida var. angustifolia

authorship: Tausch

Euphorbia lucida var. esulolucida

authorship: Andrae

Euphorbia lucida var. latifolia

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Euphorbia triumfetti

authorship: Bertol.

Galarhoeus lucidus

authorship: Rydb.

Keraselma lucidum

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Raf.

Tithymalus lucidus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke ex Garcke

codes: KAZ KGZ NCS TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB AUT BLR BUL CZE GER HUN ITA YUG POL ROM RUS TUE UKR

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 301 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай глянцевитый

names: Молочай блискучий

names: Висока млечика

names: Малачай глянцавіты

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-lucorum

scientific: Euphorbia lucorum

authorship: Rupr.

epithet: lucorum

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 239 (1859)

Euphorbia lucorum f. glabrata

authorship: (Maxim.) Hurus.

Euphorbia lucorum f. latifolia

authorship: Hurus.

Euphorbia lucorum var. glabrata

authorship: Maxim.

Galarhoeus lucorum

authorship: (Rupr.) Kitag.

Galarhoeus lucorum f. latifolius

authorship: (Hurus.) Hurus.

Galarhoeus lucorum f. simplicior

authorship: (Rupr.) Hurus.

codes: AMU CHI KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 林大戟 续随子叶

names: Молочай рощевый

value: May-Jun

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Rupr.

published_in: in Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 239


slug: euphorbia-lundelliana

scientific: Euphorbia lundelliana

authorship: Croizat

epithet: lundelliana

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 29: 476 (1943)

codes: MXT MXS

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

region: Mexico

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: Croizat

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 29: 476


slug: euphorbia-lurida

scientific: Euphorbia lurida

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: lurida

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 173 (1861)

preferred: woodland spurge

Euphorbia lurida var. pringlei

authorship: Norton

Euphorbia palmeri

authorship: Engelm. ex S.Watson

Euphorbia palmeri var. peplofolia

authorship: (Engelm.) Norton

Euphorbia palmeri var. subpubens

authorship: (Engelm. ex S.Watson) L.C.Wheeler

Tithymalus luridus

authorship: (Engelm.) Wooton & Standl.

Tithymalus palmeri

authorship: (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Dayton

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV NWM UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 375 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
San Francisco Mountain spurge
woodland spurge

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 173, adnot

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol EUPA4

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-macroceras

scientific: Euphorbia macroceras

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

epithet: macroceras

published_in: Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 4: 36 (1838)

Tithymalus macroceras

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай длиннорогий

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

published_in: Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 4: 36

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-macropus

scientific: Euphorbia macropus

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

epithet: macropus

preferred: Huachuca Mountain spurge

Anisophyllum crassipes

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Eumecanthus tener

authorship: Millsp.

Zygophyllidum biforme

authorship: (S.Watson) Arthur

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

Honduras

code: HON

lifeform: tuberous perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

value: hemicryptophyte

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 52

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-maculata

scientific: Euphorbia maculata

authorship: L.

epithet: maculata

preferred: Spotted spurge

english:
Spotted spurge
spotted sandmat

Anisophyllum maculatum

authorship: Haw.

Chamaesyce jovetii

authorship: (Huguet) Holub

Chamaesyce maculata

authorship: Small

Chamaesyce pseudonutans

authorship: Thell.

Chamaesyce supina

authorship: (Raf.) Moldenke

authorship: (Raf.) Hara

Euphorbia depressa

authorship: Torr. ex Spreng.

Euphorbia jovetii

authorship: Huguet

Euphorbia maculata var. detonsa

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia maculata var. parvula

authorship: Riddell

Euphorbia supina

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus maculatus

authorship: Moench

Xamesike depressa

authorship: (Torr. ex Spreng.) Raf.

Xamesike maculata

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Xamesike supina

authorship: (Raf. ex Boiss.) Raf.

codes: ALA ARI ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS WYO BAH BLZ CUB

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1953 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gefleckte Zwergwolfsmilch
Gefleckte Wolfsmilch

partners:
Lasioglossum vierecki
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi

partners:
Aphis craccivora
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus


slug: euphorbia-macvaughii

scientific: Euphorbia macvaughii

authorship: Carvajal & Lomelí

epithet: macvaughii

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

label: Vulnerable

names: Papelillo Tencuanete

authors: Carvajal & Lomeli

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-magdalenae

scientific: Euphorbia magdalenae

authorship: Benth.

epithet: magdalenae

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 50 (1844)

Chamaesyce magdalenae

authorship: (Benth.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce watsonii

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

Euphorbia blepharostipula

authorship: Millsp.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 291 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-makinoi

scientific: Euphorbia makinoi

authorship: Hayata

epithet: makinoi

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 262 (1911)

Chamaesyce makinoi

authorship: (Hayata) H.Hara

codes: CHS NNS TAI PHI

China Southeast

code: CHS

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 小叶大戟 小葉大戟

label: Woodiness

value: therophyte

value: annual

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  262

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-mammillaris

scientific: Euphorbia mammillaris

authorship: L.

epithet: mammillaris

Euphorbia cereiformis var. echinata

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex Boiss.

Euphorbia echinata

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Euphorbia enneagona

authorship: Haw.

Euphorbia erosa

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia fimbriata

authorship: sensu N.E.Br.p.p.non Scop.

authorship: Scop.

name: Euphorbia mammillaris var. submammillaris

Euphorbia platymammillaris

authorship: Croizat

Euphorbia scopoliana

authorship: Steud.

Vallaris fimbriata

authorship: (Scop.) Raf.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 158 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: corkscrew corncob-cactus

names: 丝瓜掌 玉鳞凤

names: eufórbia eufórbia-sacarrolha-fantasma

label: Life form

authors: L.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-marginata

scientific: Euphorbia marginata

authorship: Pursh

epithet: marginata

preferred: snow-on-the-mountain

english:
snow-on-the-mountain
Snow-on-the-mountain
snow on the mountain

Agaloma marginata

authorship: (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Dichrophyllum marginatum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Dichrophyllum variegatum

authorship: (Sims) Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia bejariensis

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia bonplandii

authorship: Sweet

Euphorbia leucoloma

authorship: Raf.

Euphorbia marginata

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia marginata var. uloleuca

authorship: Engelm. & A.Gray

Euphorbia variegata

authorship: Sims

Lepadena leucoloma

authorship: (Raf.) Raf.

Lepadena marginata

authorship: Nieuwl.

Tithymalus marginatus

authorship: (Pursh) Cockerell

Tithymalus marginatus f. inornata

authorship: Daniels

Tithymalus marginatus var. tetramerus

authorship: Cockerell

Tithymalus variegatus

authorship: (Sims) Haw.

codes: ARI COL IOW KAN MXG MXE MXT MXS MIN MSO MNT NEB NWM OKL SDA TEX WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Euphorbia bicolor

slug: euphorbia-bicolor

names:
snow on the mountain
Snow-on-the-mountain

names: 银边翠 高山积雪

names: coral eufórbia-marginada

names:
Schnee auf dem Berge
Weitrand-Wolfsmilch

names: Euphorbe marginée, Euphorbe à feuilles marginées

names:
tarka kutyatej
„jégvirág

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Apis mellifera
Athalia rosae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Anoplius lepidus atramentarius
Danaus gilippus
Eumenes fraternus
Monobia quadridens
Peucetia viridans
Polistes dorsalis
Sphex ichneumoneus

partners:
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae
Aphthona atrocaerulea

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: euphorbia-matabelensis

scientific: Euphorbia matabelensis

authorship: Zahlbr.

epithet: matabelensis

published_in: Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 51 (1900 publ. 1901)

Euphorbia jaegeriana

authorship: Pax

codes: ANG BOT CPV KEN MLW MOZ SOM TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Somalia

code: SOM

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

names:
Three-Forked Euphorbia
Whistle-Barked Euphorbia

names: driemiknaboom fluitbasmelkbos

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Height

value: 3 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

authors: Zahlbr.

published_in: Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. xv. 51

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-mauritanica

scientific: Euphorbia mauritanica

authorship: L.

epithet: mauritanica

Euphorbia corallothamnus

authorship: Dinter

name: Euphorbia mauritanica var. corallothamnus

authorship: (Dinter) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Euphorbia mauritanica var. foetens

authorship: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Euphorbia melanosticta

authorship: E.Mey. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia phymatoclada

authorship: Boiss.

Tirucalia mauritanica

authorship: (L.) P.V.Heath

Tirucalia paxiana

authorship: (Dinter) P.V.Heath

Tithymalus flaccidus

authorship: Moench

Tithymalus mauritanicus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

codes: CPP OFS NAT NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
jackal's-food
yellow milkbush

partners:
Afranthidium concolor
Horismenus dolichurus
Hylaeus euphorbiae
Lipotriches cincticauda
Patellapis andreniformis
Patellapis cincticauda
Quercus lobata

value: chamaephyte

label: Life cycle

value: CAM


slug: euphorbia-mcvaughiana

scientific: Euphorbia mcvaughiana

epithet: mcvaughiana

Tithymalus mcvaughianus

authorship: (M.C.Johnst.) Soják

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE


slug: euphorbia-melanadenia

scientific: Euphorbia melanadenia

authorship: Torr.

epithet: melanadenia

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5; 4): 135 (1857)

preferred: red-gland spurge

Anisophyllum melanadenium

authorship: (Torr.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce aureola

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce melanadenia

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Millsp.

name: Euphorbia cinerascens var. appendiculata

authorship: Engelm.

Euphorbia polycarpa var. appendiculata

authorship: (Engelm.) Munz

codes: ARI CAL MXI MXN

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
prostrate spurge
red-gland spurge

names: Молочай меланадения

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: Torr.

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 4): 135

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHME5


slug: euphorbia-melanohydrata

scientific: Euphorbia melanohydrata

authorship: Nel

epithet: melanohydrata

published_in: Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 1 (1935)

Euphorbia melanohydrata subsp. conica

authorship: Swanepoel

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: CPP NAM

names: 梅拉大戟 罗汉头

value: shrub

value: subshrub

value: woody

authors: Nel

published_in: Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. i. 31 (1935)


slug: euphorbia-mellifera

scientific: Euphorbia mellifera

authorship: Aiton

epithet: mellifera

Euphorbia longifolia

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia longifolia var. canariensis

authorship: (Boiss.) Oudejans

Kobiosis mellifera

authorship: (Aiton) Raf.

codes: CNY MDR

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 317 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Canary Spurge
Honey Spurge

value: tree

value: perennial

label: Flower colour

value: red

label: Flowering months

value: Feb-Aug

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Aiton

published_in: Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 3: 493

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-meloformis

scientific: Euphorbia meloformis

epithet: meloformis

preferred: donkey food

Euphorbia meloformis f. falsa

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Marx

Euphorbia meloformis f. magna

authorship: R.A.Dyer ex Marx

Euphorbia meloformis subsp. valida

authorship: (N.E.Br.) G.D.Rowley

Euphorbia meloformis var. pomiformis

authorship: (Thunb.) Marloth

Euphorbia meloformis var. prolifera

authorship: Frick

Euphorbia meloniformis

authorship: Lem.

Euphorbia pomiformis

authorship: Thunb.

Cape Provinces

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
donkey food
Melon Milkball

names: 八棱铁角木 法利达

names: pol bobbejaankos

published_in: Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 2: 135

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.


slug: euphorbia-mendezii

scientific: Euphorbia mendezii

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: mendezii

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 15 (1860)

preferred: Mendez's sandmat

Chamaesyce barbicarina

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce dorsiventralis

authorship: (Urb.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce mendezii

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

Euphorbia barbicarina

authorship: (Millsp.) Standl.

Euphorbia dorsiventralis

authorship: Urb.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BAH BLZ CUB

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

Cuba

code: CUB

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 305 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 15

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHME6

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-mercurialina

scientific: Euphorbia mercurialina

authorship: Michx.

epithet: mercurialina

preferred: mercury spurge

Agaloma ciliata

authorship: Raf.

Agaloma mercurialina

authorship: (Michx.) Nieuwl.

Euphorbia mercurialis

authorship: Pers.

Tithymalopsis mercurialina

authorship: (Michx.) Small

codes: ALA GEO KTY NCA SCA TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 477 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mercury spurge
Cumberland spurge

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Michx.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 212

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form