slug: eupatorium-perfoliatum

scientific: Eupatorium perfoliatum

authorship: L.

epithet: perfoliatum

preferred: common boneset

Cunigunda perfoliata

authorship: (L.) Lunell

Eupatorium connatum

authorship: Michaux

authorship: Michx.

Eupatorium cuneatum

authorship: Engelm. ex Torr. & A.Gray

Eupatorium perfoliatum f. laciniatum

authorship: Stebbins

Eupatorium perfoliatum f. purpureum

authorship: Britton

Eupatorium perfoliatum f. trifolium

authorship: Fassett

Eupatorium perfoliatum var. colpophilum

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Eupatorium perfoliatum var. cuneatum

authorship: (Engelm.) A.Gray

Eupatorium perfoliatum var. truncatum

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) A.Gray

Eupatorium salviifolium

authorship: Sims

Eupatorium truncatum

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

Uncasia cuneata

authorship: (Engelm.) Greene

Uncasia perfoliata

authorship: (L.) Greene

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1976 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Inulin

activities:
Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor
Anticolitic?
Antidiabetic
Antidiarrheic
Antiobesity?
Antiosteoporotic?
Bifidogenic
Chemopreventive (Breast Cancer)

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Helenalin

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Antiarthritic Antibacterial Antibiotic Antiedemic Antifeedant Antihyperlipidemic

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Tannic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic AntiHIV Antianacarditic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Anticolitic Antidecubitic

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Gallic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Analgesic AntiHIV AntiMRSA Antiadenovirus Antiallergenic Antianaphylactic Antiangiogenic

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Hyperoside

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiaging Antibacterial Anticancer Anticapillary-Fragility Antidermatitic Antielastase

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Eupatorin

activities: Antibacterial Anticarcinomic Antimalarial Cytotoxic Emetic Immunostimulant Parasiticide Plasmodicide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names: Посконник пронзённолистный

names: ツキヌキヒヨドリ ボーンセット

partners:
Agrilus difficilis
Andrena helianthi
Anoplodera pubera
Anthrenus museorum
Apoidea
Archytas aterrima
Batizonus algidus
Blepharipeza leucophrys

partners:
Bombus affinis
Bombus impatiens
Limenitis arthemis
Euphyes dion
Halictus rubicundus
Sphex ichneumoneus
Acronicta clarescens
Aedes triseriatus

partners:
Ametrodiplosis fulvescens
Ancistrocerus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus capra
Ancistrocerus gazella
Araneus diadematus
Atteva punctella

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Bombus terricola
Danaus plexippus
Homalodisca vitripennis
Myzinum quinquecincta
Parancistrocerus pensylvanicus
Pyrausta acrionalis

quote: Common Boneset is a native perennial wildflower


slug: eupatorium-pilosum

scientific: Eupatorium pilosum

authorship: Walter

genus: Eupatorium

epithet: pilosum

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: rough boneset

source: wikidata

name: Eupatorium rotundifolium var. saundersii

authorship: (Porter ex Britton) Cronquist

name: Eupatorium verbenifolium var. verbenifolium

Uncasia verbenaefolia

authorship: Greene

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALA CNT DEL FLA GEO KTY LOU MRY MAS MSI NWJ NWY NCA OHI PEN RHO SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 775 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Calycopis cecrops
Danaus plexippus
Polistes fuscatus
Toxomerus geminatus

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: eupatorium-resinosum

scientific: Eupatorium resinosum

authorship: Torr. ex DC.

epithet: resinosum

preferred: pine barren thoroughwort

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: NWJ NCA SCA

New Jersey

code: NWJ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera Vespidae

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Torr. ex DC.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

field: phenology

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: eupatorium-rotundifolium

scientific: Eupatorium rotundifolium

authorship: L.

epithet: rotundifolium

preferred: roundleaf thoroughwort

Critonia elliptica

authorship: Raf. ex DC.

Eupatorium obovatum

authorship: Raf.

Eupatorium ovatum

authorship: Bigelow

Eupatorium rotundifolium

authorship: Fernald

Eupatorium rotundifolium subsp. ovatum

authorship: (Bigelow) Montgomery & Fairbrothers

name: Eupatorium rotundifolium subsp. rotundifolium

Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum

authorship: (Bigelow) J.D.Montgom. & Fairbrothers

Eupatorium scabridum

authorship: Elliott

authorship: Ellis

name: Eupatorium teucrifolium var. teucrifolium

Eupatorium teucriifolium

authorship: Willd.

Eupatorium verbenaefolium

authorship: Michaux

Eupatorium verbenifolium

authorship: Reichard

Uncasia pubescens

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Greene

Uncasia scabrida

authorship: (Elliott) Greene

Uncasia verbenifolia

authorship: (Michx.) Greene

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Calephelis virginiensis

partners:
Dielis plumipes
Eremnophila aureonotata
Eumenes fraternus

partners:
Atteva punctella
Eremnophila aureonotata
Eumenes fraternus
Myzinum quinquecincta
Polistes fuscatus


slug: eupatorium-semiserratum

scientific: Eupatorium semiserratum

authorship: DC.

epithet: semiserratum

preferred: smallflower thoroughwort

name: Eupatorium cuneifolium var. semiserratum

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Eupatorium parviflorum var. monticola

authorship: Whittem.

name: Eupatorium semiserratum var. semiserratum

Uncasia semiserrata

authorship: Greene

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEN TEX

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 305 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Acontia leo

authors: DC.


slug: eupatorium-serotinum

scientific: Eupatorium serotinum

authorship: Michx.

epithet: serotinum

preferred: late boneset

english:
late boneset
lateflowering thoroughwort

source: inat

Eupatorium ambiguum

authorship: Hook.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MXE MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Illinois

code: ILL

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2031 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Alydus pilosulus
Ancistrocerus tigris
Anthocomus erichsoni
Augochloropsis fulgida
Carceris robertsonii
Cerceris clypeata
Coelioxys brevis
Corizus lateralis

partners:
Sceliphron caementarium
Achyra rantalis
Aedes albopictus
Agapostemon virescens
Allograpta obliqua
Ammophila procera
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus campestris

partners:
Euodynerus foraminatus
Achyra rantalis
Acutalis tartarea
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus capra
Ancistrocerus gazella
Anoplius americanus americanus

partners:
Euodynerus foraminatus
Abaeis nicippe
Ammophila procera
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus capra
Ancistrocerus gazella
Apis mellifera

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: eupatorium-sessilifolium

scientific: Eupatorium sessilifolium

authorship: L.

epithet: sessilifolium

preferred: upland boneset

name: Eupatorium sessilifolium f. inciso-serratum

authorship: Jenn.

name: Eupatorium sessilifolium f. sessilifolium

Eupatorium truncatum

authorship: Mühlenb. ex Elliott

Eupatorium vaseyi

authorship: Porter

Uncasia sessilifolia

authorship: (L.) Greene

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI PEN RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

North Carolina

code: NCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 796 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agrilus difficilis
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena helianthi
Andrena tridens
Anoplodera pubera
Anthrenus museorum
Atrichopogon websteri
Bembix americana spinolae

partners:
Ammophila procera
Philanthus gibbosus
Polistes carolina
Scolia bicincta
Agrilus difficilis
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena helianthi
Andrena tridens


slug: eupatorium-shimadae

scientific: Eupatorium shimadae

authorship: Kitam.

epithet: shimadae

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(4): 284 (1932)

codes: CHS TAI

China Southeast

code: CHS

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 毛果泽兰 島田氏澤蘭

partners:
Parantica aglea maghaba
Parantica sita

authors: Kitam.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(4): 284

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: eupatorium-subvenosum

scientific: Eupatorium subvenosum

authorship: (A.Gray) E.E.Schill.

epithet: subvenosum

codes: DEL WDC NWJ NWY

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (A.Gray) E.E.Schill.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: eupatorium-tashiroi

scientific: Eupatorium tashiroi

authorship: Hayata

epithet: tashiroi

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo xviii. n.° 8, 9.

Eupatorium clematideum var. gracillimum

authorship: (Hayata) C.I Peng & S.W.Chung

Eupatorium tashiroi var. gracillimum

authorship: (Hayata) Yamam.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 400 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 木泽兰 田代氏澤蘭

partners:
Asota heliconia zebrina
Choreutis ophiosema
Danaus chrysippus
Deudorix epijarbas menesicles
Euploea mulciber
Euploea mulciber barsine
Euploea sylvester swinhoei
Euploea tulliolus

value: shrub

value: woody

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 18(8): 9

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-abramsiana

scientific: Euphorbia abramsiana

genus: Euphorbia

epithet: abramsiana

family: Euphorbiaceae

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 33: 109. 1934

preferred: Abrams' sandmat

source: usda

Chamaesyce abramsiana

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Koutnik

Euphorbia pediculifera var. abramsiana

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Ewan

codes: ARI CAL MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 548 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Abram's spurge
Abrams broomspurge

names: Молочай Абрамса

label: Life form

value: therophyte

value: annual

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 33: 109

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHAB2

license: public domain


slug: euphorbia-acanthothamnos

scientific: Euphorbia acanthothamnos

authorship: Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.

epithet: acanthothamnos

Tithymalus acanthothamnos

authorship: (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) Soják

codes: EAI TUR GRC KRI

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Kriti

code: KRI

lifeform: subshrub

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 349 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай колючекустарниковый

names: Αγουλοναριά Γαλαστοιβίδα

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Apis mellifera
Calliphora vomitoria
Conophorus glaucescens
Delia platura
Helina evecta
Leucophora
Neomyia cornicina

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Apis mellifera
Calliphora vomitoria
Hemipenthes morio
Leucophora
Merodon clavipes
Polistes dominula
Zodion

value: subshrub

value: chamaephyte

authors: Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 4: 86


slug: euphorbia-acuta

scientific: Euphorbia acuta

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: acuta

preferred: pointed sandmat

Chamaesyce acuta

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia acuta var. stenophylla

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia georgei

authorship: Oudejans

codes: MXE NWM TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 158 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 189

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHAC2


slug: euphorbia-adenochlora

scientific: Euphorbia adenochlora

authorship: C.Morren & Decne.

epithet: adenochlora

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 3: 174 (1836)

Euphorbia japonica

authorship: Zoll. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia rochebrunei

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Galarhoeus adenochlorus

authorship: (Morr. & Decne.) Hara

Tithymalus adenochlorus

authorship: (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara

Japan

code: JAP

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: C.Morren & Decne.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles iii. (1836) 174

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-aeruginosa

scientific: Euphorbia aeruginosa

authorship: Schweick.

epithet: aeruginosa

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 205 (1935)

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Miniature Saguaro
Verdigris Spiny Milkweed

names: cacto-palito-azul palito-azul

label: Height

category: Size

authors: Schweick.

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935(4): 205

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-agraria

scientific: Euphorbia agraria

epithet: agraria

preferred: urban spurge

Euphorbia agraria var. thyrsiflora

authorship: (Griseb.) Nyman

Euphorbia agrorum

authorship: Willd. ex Ledeb.

Euphorbia euboea

authorship: Halácsy

Euphorbia nitens

authorship: Trevir.

Euphorbia thyrsiflora

authorship: Griseb.

Euphorbia transsilvanica

authorship: Schur

Tithymalus agrarius

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: TUR ALB BUL RUE GRC HUN KRI KRY YUG NOR POL ROM RUS TUE UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

Hungary

code: HUN

region: Middle Europe

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Norway

code: NOR

region: Northern Europe

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 490 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
urban spurge
field spurge

names:
Молочай пашенный
Молочай полевой

names: Молочай польовий


slug: euphorbia-albomarginata

scientific: Euphorbia albomarginata

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: albomarginata

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Pope, Bot. 2(4): 174 (1857)

preferred: Whitemargin Sandmat

english:
Whitemargin Sandmat
whitemargin sandmat

Chamaesyce albomarginata

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Small

Chamaesyce hartwegiana

authorship: (Boiss.) Small

Euphorbia stipulacea

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

codes: ARI CAL COL MXE MXN MXS NEV NWM OKL TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1951 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Euphorbia serpens

slug: euphorbia-serpens

names:
Rattlesnake Weed
White-margined Sandmat

names: : علف مارزنگی

names: Молочай белоокаймлённый

partners:
Algarobius prosopis
Anastoechus hessei
Apis mellifera
Brephidium exilis
Calliopsis helianthi
Ceratochrysis
Eleodes acuticauda
Forelius mccooki

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Calliopsis anomoptera
Calliopsis gilva
Calliopsis squamifera
Macrotera mellea
Perdita obscurella
Pseudopanurgus nanulus
Pseudopanurgus perarmatus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bryobiella desertorum
Formica perpilosa
Icaricia lupini
Leptochilus
Testudinidae

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites


slug: euphorbia-aleppica

scientific: Euphorbia aleppica

authorship: L.

epithet: aleppica

Esula aleppica

authorship: Fourr.

Esula juncoides

authorship: Haw.

Euphorbia aleppica var. prostrata

authorship: Kasapligil

Euphorbia condensata

authorship: Fisch. ex M.Bieb.

Euphorbia juncea

authorship: Aiton

Euphorbia juncoides

authorship: Steud.

authorship: (Haw.) Sweet

Euphorbia pinifolia

authorship: Willd.

Galarhoeus junceus

authorship: (Aiton) Haw.

Tithymalus aleppicus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus connata

authorship: Raf.

codes: TUN CYP EAI IRQ LBS PAL TCS BUL COR GRC KRI KRY YUG ROM SIC TUE UKR

Tunisia

code: TUN

region: Northern Africa

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай алеппский

names: Молочай алепський

names: חלבלוב ארם-צובא

names: Алепска млечка

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-alpina

scientific: Euphorbia alpina

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: alpina

Euphorbia alpina var. rupicola

authorship: Baikov

Euphorbia cerinthifolia

authorship: Fisch. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia drastica

authorship: Siev.

Tithymalus alpinus

authorship: (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALT KAZ MON CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 北高山大戟 高山大戟

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: May-Jun

authors: Ledeb.

published_in: Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. Cent. 2: 26, t. 188

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-alta

scientific: Euphorbia alta

authorship: Norton

epithet: alta

published_in: N. Amer. Euphorbia : 24 (1899)

Tithymalus altus

authorship: (Norton) Wooton & Standl.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

lifeform: annual or biennial

authors: Norton

published_in: N. Amer. Euphorbia [Preprint] 24. pl. 24


slug: euphorbia-altaica

scientific: Euphorbia altaica

epithet: altaica

Euphorbia altaica var. sajanensis

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia ambukensis

authorship: Stepanov

Euphorbia sajanensis

authorship: (Boiss.) Baikov

codes: ALT KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

region: China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. Cent. 2: 26, t. 191


slug: euphorbia-amplexicaulis

scientific: Euphorbia amplexicaulis

epithet: amplexicaulis

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 183 (1847)

preferred: Chamaesyce

Chamaesyce amplexicaulis

authorship: (Hook.f.) D.G.Burch

Galápagos

code: GAL

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 183

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-amygdaloides

scientific: Euphorbia amygdaloides

authorship: L.

epithet: amygdaloides

preferred: Wood Spurge

Characias amygdaloides

authorship: (L.) Gray

Esula amygdaloides

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Euphorbia amygdaloides f. biennis

authorship: (Maire) Oudejans

Euphorbia amygdaloides f. fissicornis

authorship: Hayek

Euphorbia amygdaloides f. ligulata

authorship: (Chaubard) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Euphorbia amygdaloides f. minor

authorship: (Gaudin) Oudejans

Euphorbia amygdaloides f. purpurata

authorship: (Coss. & Germ.) Oudejans

Euphorbia amygdaloides f. verticillata

authorship: Merino

Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. chaixiana

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. biennis

authorship: Maire

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. chaixiana

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr.) Boiss.

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. ligulata

authorship: (Chaub.) Boiss.

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae

authorship: (Turrill) Radcl.-Sm.

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. sventenii

authorship: (Marcet) Losa

Euphorbia ligulata

authorship: Chaub.

Euphorbia micans

authorship: Scheele

Euphorbia nemoralis

authorship: Salisb.

Euphorbia robbiae

authorship: Turrill

Euphorbia sanguinea

authorship: Thore

Euphorbia sventenii

authorship: Marcet

Euphorbia sylvatica subvar. purpurata

authorship: Coss. & Germ.

Euphorbia sylvatica var. minor

authorship: Gaudin

Euphorbia turneri

authorship: Druce

Keraselma sylvaticum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Tithymalus amygdaloides

authorship: (L.) Garsault

Tithymalus robbiae

authorship: (Turrill) Soják

Tithymalus sylvaticus

authorship: (L.) Hill

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLR BGM BUL CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POL POR ROM SPA SWI TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай миндалевидный

partners:
Andrena
Andrena bicolor
Andrena carantonica
Andrena chrysosceles
Andrena cineraria
Andrena flavipes
Andrena fucata
Andrena fulva

partners:
Andrena fulva
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena nitida
Andrena
Andrena bicolor
Andrena carantonica
Andrena chrysosceles
Andrena cineraria

partners:
Cacoecimorpha pronubana
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Alauda arvensis

partners:
Endophyllum euphorbiae-sylvaticae
Melampsora euphorbiae


slug: euphorbia-angulata

scientific: Euphorbia angulata

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: angulata

published_in: Collectanea 2: 309 (1789)

Euphorbia angulata f. nemoralis

authorship: Oudejans

Euphorbia dulcis subsp. angulata

authorship: (Jacq.) Rouy

authorship: (Jacq.) Bonnier & Layens

Euphorbia dulcis var. angulata

authorship: (Jacq.) Fiori

Euphorbia nemoralis

authorship: Kit.

Tithymalus angulatus

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

codes: AUT BLT BLR CZE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG POL POR ROM SPA SWI UKR

Baltic States

code: BLT

Italy

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 176 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай угловатый

names:
Kanten-Wolfsmilch
Kantige Wolfsmilch

names: Euphorbe anguleuse, Euphorbe à tiges anguleuses

names:
Молочай гранчастий
Молочай ребристий

names: малачай рабрысты

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae
Aphthona atrocaerulea

published_in: Collectanea [Jacquin] 2: 309; Ic. Pl. Rar. iii. 5., t. 481


slug: euphorbia-angusta

scientific: Euphorbia angusta

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: angusta

preferred: blackfoot sandmat

Chamaesyce angusta

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Euphorbia nealleyi

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Fisher

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 396 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Blackfoot sandmat
narrow-leaf spurge

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHAN5


slug: euphorbia-anthonyi

scientific: Euphorbia anthonyi

authorship: Brandegee

epithet: anthonyi

Chamaesyce anthonyi

authorship: (Brandegee) G.A.Levin

Euphorbia anthonyi var. clarionensis

authorship: (Brandegee) I.M.Johnst.

codes: MXI MXN

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

lifeform: shrub

partners:
Chalybion zimmermanni aztecum
Polistes dorsalis clarionensis

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Brandegee

published_in: Erythea 7: 7


slug: euphorbia-antiquorum

scientific: Euphorbia antiquorum

authorship: L.

epithet: antiquorum

Euphorbia antiquorum var. polygona

authorship: Wight

Euphorbia arborescens

authorship: Roxb.

Euphorbia mayuranathanii

authorship: Croizat

Tithymalus antiquorus

authorship: (L.) Moench

codes: ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW MLY MYA PAK SRL THA VIE

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: succulent tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Malayan spurge tree
antique spurge

names: 霸王鞭 金刚钻

partners:
Apis florea
Hypolimnas bolina

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-antisyphilitica

scientific: Euphorbia antisyphilitica

authorship: Zucc.

epithet: antisyphilitica

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1: 292 (-293). 1832 [late Dec ? 1832] : use E. antisyphilitica

preferred: candelilla

Euphorbia antisyphilitica var. typica

authorship: Miranda

Euphorbia cerifera

authorship: Alcocer

Euphorbia occulta

authorship: Klotzsch

Tirucalia antisyphilitica

authorship: (Zucc.) P.V.Heath

codes: MXC MXE NWM TEX

Mexico Central

code: MXC

New Mexico

code: NWM

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1083 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Hesperoyucca whipplei

slug: hesperoyucca-whipplei

names: 蜡大戟 蠟大戟

names: Молочай противосифилитический

authors: Zucc.

published_in: Flora 15(2, Beibl.): 58


slug: euphorbia-anychioides

scientific: Euphorbia anychioides

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: anychioides

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 12 (1860)

Chamaesyce anychioides

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce chalicophila

authorship: (Weath.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce pilosula

authorship: (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Arthur

Chamaesyce rubida

authorship: (Greenm.) Millsp.

Euphorbia chalicophila

authorship: Weath.

Euphorbia pilosula

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia rubida

authorship: Greenm.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 12


slug: euphorbia-aphylla

scientific: Euphorbia aphylla

authorship: Brouss.

epithet: aphylla

Tirucalia aphylla

authorship: (Willd.) P.V.Heath

Tithymalus aphyllus

authorship: (Brouss. ex Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 145 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай безлистный

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

label: Flower colour

value: yellow

value: Mar-Jul

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

authors: Brouss.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1: 501


slug: euphorbia-arabica

scientific: Euphorbia arabica

authorship: Hochst. & Steud. ex T.Anderson

epithet: arabica

Anisophyllum arabicum

authorship: (Hochst. & Steud. ex T.Anderson) Schweinf.

Chamaesyce arabica

authorship: (Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.) Soják

Euphorbia propinqua

authorship: R.Br. & N.E.Br.

codes: DJI EGY ERI ETH KEN SOM SUD GST OMA SAU YEM

Djibouti

code: DJI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Oman

code: OMA

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: Feb-Apr

authors: Hochst. & Steud. ex T.Anderson


slug: euphorbia-arbuscula

scientific: Euphorbia arbuscula

epithet: arbuscula

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 93 (1883)

Tirucalia arbuscula

authorship: (Balf.f.) P.V.Heath

Socotra

code: SOC

lifeform: semisucculent shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names: فربيون شجيري

names: Молочай деревцеобразный

value: woody

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh xii. (1884) 93


slug: euphorbia-ariensis

scientific: Euphorbia ariensis

authorship: Kunth

epithet: ariensis

Eumecanthus ariensis

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia ariensis var. villicaulis

authorship: Fernald

Euphorbia marianoi

authorship: Oudejans

Euphorbia pulchella

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: Kunth


slug: euphorbia-arizonica

scientific: Euphorbia arizonica

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: arizonica

preferred: Arizona sandmat

Chamaesyce arizonica

authorship: (Engelm.) Arthur

Chamaesyce portulana

authorship: (S.Watson) Millsp.

Chamaesyce purisimana

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce versicolor

authorship: (Greene) Norton

Euphorbia collina

authorship: Brandegee

Euphorbia purisimana

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia versicolor

authorship: Greene

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 470 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Arizona sandmat
Arizona spurge

names: Молочай аризонский

value: perennial

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 186

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHAR18


slug: euphorbia-articulata-burm

scientific: Euphorbia articulata

authorship: Burm.

epithet: articulata

preferred: jointed sandmat

Anisophyllum lineare

authorship: (Retz.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce articulata

authorship: (Aubl.) Britton

Chamaesyce linearis

authorship: (Retz.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce vahlii

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) P.Wilson

Euphorbia articulata var. lordatii

authorship: Stehlé

Euphorbia linearis

authorship: Retz.

Euphorbia linearis var. heterophylla

authorship: Kuntze

Tithymalus linearis

authorship: (Retz.) Raf.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

note: common name, checklist symbol CHAR8

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-articulata-aubl

authorship: Aubl.

Euphorbia articulata var. lordatii

authorship: Stehlé & M.Stehlé

codes: BAH LEE PUE TCI WIN

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

Windward Is.

code: WIN

authors: Aubl.

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 480

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: euphorbia-astrachanica

scientific: Euphorbia astrachanica

authorship: C.A.Mey. ex Claus

epithet: astrachanica

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(1): 156 (1888)

Euphorbia leptocaula var. praecox

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia praecox

authorship: Fisch.

authorship: (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. & Flerow

Galarhoeus praecox

authorship: (Fisch.) Prokh.

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

value: May

authors: C.A.Mey. ex Claus

published_in: Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches viii. 254

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: euphorbia-astyla

scientific: Euphorbia astyla

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

epithet: astyla

preferred: alkali sandmat

Chamaesyce astyla

authorship: Millsp.

Mexico Northeast

region: Mexico

Texas

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pecos spurge
alkali sandmat

label: Flower-visited by

value: chamaephyte

authors: Engelm. ex Boiss.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHAS2

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: euphorbia-atoto

scientific: Euphorbia atoto

epithet: atoto

Anisophyllum atoto

authorship: (G.Forst.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce atoto

authorship: (G.Forst.) Croizat

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: SCI TUA TUB

Society Is.

code: SCI

continent: PACIFIC

region: South-Central Pacific

Tuamotu

code: TUA

Tubuai Is.

code: TUB

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names: 海滨大戟 林氏大戟

value: non-succulent

value: 1 m

published_in: Fl. Ins. Austr. 36

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-atropurpurea

scientific: Euphorbia atropurpurea

authorship: Brouss.

epithet: atropurpurea

Kanopikon atropurpureum

authorship: (Brouss. ex Willd.) Raf.

Tithymalus atropurpureus

authorship: (Brouss. ex Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 212 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Encarsia noahi
Eretmocerus roseni

label: Growth habit

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 2 m

value: green

value: Mar-Apr

published_in: Elench. Horti Bot. Monspel. 24, nomen. 1805; Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 501

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-austriaca

scientific: Euphorbia austriaca

epithet: austriaca

Euphorbia pilosa var. austriaca

authorship: (A.Kern.) Nyman

Euphorbia villosa subsp. austriaca

authorship: (A.Kern.) Soó

Tithymalus austriacus

authorship: (A.Kern.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

value: May-Jul

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 397, in obs


slug: euphorbia-avasmontana

scientific: Euphorbia avasmontana

authorship: Dinter

epithet: avasmontana

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 53: 96 (1928)

preferred: crown of thorns

Euphorbia avasmontana var. sagittaria

authorship: (Marloth) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Euphorbia hottentota

authorship: Marloth

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
crown of thorns
Slender Candelabra Euphorbia

names: 角麒麟 霍屯督大戟

label: Eaten by

label: Woodiness

authors: Dinter

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 53: 96, in obs


slug: euphorbia-bahiensis

scientific: Euphorbia bahiensis

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

epithet: bahiensis

Anisophyllum bahiense

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce bahiensis

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Dugand & D.G.Burch

codes: BZE BZL CLM COS FRG HON JAM NIC PAN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

label: Life form

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-balsamifera

scientific: Euphorbia balsamifera

authorship: Aiton

epithet: balsamifera

Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. rogeri

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Guinea

Euphorbia balsamifera var. rogeri

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Maire

Tithymalus balsamifer

authorship: (Aiton) Haw.

codes: CNY MOR WSA

Morocco

code: MOR

Western Sahara

code: WSA

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: Молочай бальзамический

partners:
Ancistrocerus kerneri
Formicidae
Lasioglossum loetum
Linepithema humile
Villa nigrifrons

value: succulent

label: Life cycle

value: Dec-Jul

value: capsule

authors: Aiton

published_in: Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 2: 137

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-beamanii

scientific: Euphorbia beamanii

epithet: beamanii

Tithymalus beamanii

authorship: (M.C.Johnst.) Soják

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

climate: subalpine or subarctic

value: herb

value: non-woody

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-berteroana

scientific: Euphorbia berteroana

authorship: Balb. ex Spreng.

epithet: berteroana

Anisophyllum berteroanum

authorship: (Balb. ex Spreng.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce barberiana

authorship: Croizat

Chamaesyce berteroana

authorship: (Balb. ex Spreng.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce microcephala

authorship: (Boiss. ex DC.) Croizat

Chamaesyce puberula

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia bicephala

authorship: Bertol.

Euphorbia microcephala

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia puberula

authorship: Fernald

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS AGE AGW BAH BOL BZS CUB DOM HAI LEE PAR PUE VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bahamas

code: BAH

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Paraguay

code: PAR

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: therophyte


slug: euphorbia-bicolor

scientific: Euphorbia bicolor

authorship: Engelm. & Gray

epithet: bicolor

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 233 (1845)

preferred: snow-on-the-prairie

english:
snow-on-the-prairie
snow on the prairie

Dichrophyllum bicolor

authorship: (Engelm. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia bicolor var. concolor

authorship: Engelm. & A.Gray

Lepadena bicolor

authorship: (Engelm. & A.Gray) Nieuwl.

codes: ARK LOU OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Louisiana

code: LOU

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2030 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Euphorbia marginata

slug: euphorbia-marginata

names:
snow on the prairie
snow-on-the-prairie

names: Молочай двуцветный

partners:
Erynnis horatius
Palpada vinetorum

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: annual

authors: Engelm. & Gray

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. v. (1845) 233


slug: euphorbia-bifida

scientific: Euphorbia bifida

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: bifida

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 213 (1837)

preferred: cleft sandmat

Chamaesyce bifida

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Kuros.

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) T.Kurosawa

Chamaesyce coudercii

authorship: (Gagnep.) Soják

Chamaesyce macgillivrayi

authorship: (Boiss.) D.C.Hassall

Chamaesyce parannaquensis

authorship: (Blanco) H.Hara

Chamaesyce vachellii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) H.Hara

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Hurus.

Euphorbia backeri

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

Euphorbia coudercii

authorship: Gagnep.

Euphorbia macgillivrayi f. glabrata

authorship: Domin

Euphorbia macgillivrayi var. micradenia

authorship: (Boiss.) Domin

name: Euphorbia macgillivrayi var. pseudoserrulata

name: Euphorbia macgillivrayi var. yarrabensis

Euphorbia mitchelliana var. stenophylla

authorship: Benth.

Euphorbia parannaquensis

authorship: Blanco

Euphorbia reinwardtiana

authorship: Steud.

Euphorbia serrulata

authorship: Reinw. ex Blume

Euphorbia serrulata var. pubescens

authorship: Warb.

Euphorbia vachellii var. pubescens

authorship: (Warb.) Oudejans

codes: CHC CHS CHH NNS TAI BIS CBD JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NWG PHI SOL SUL THA VIE NSW NTA QLD WAU CRL MRN VAN

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-bifurcata

scientific: Euphorbia bifurcata

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: bifurcata

preferred: forked spurge

Eumecanthus bifurcatus

authorship: (Engelm.) Millsp.

Euphorbia wootonii

authorship: Oudejans

Zygophyllidium delicatulum

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

codes: MXE NWM TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 190

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-bilobata

scientific: Euphorbia bilobata

epithet: bilobata

preferred: blackseed spurge

Zygophyllidium bilobatum

authorship: (Engelm.) Standl.

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

region: South-Central U.S.A.

names:
blackseed spurge
black-seed spurge

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification


slug: euphorbia-biumbellata

scientific: Euphorbia biumbellata

authorship: Poir.

epithet: biumbellata

Esula biumbellata

authorship: Haw.

Euphorbia pouzolzii

authorship: Loisel.

Euphorbia vinyalsii

authorship: Sennen

Tithymalus biumbellatus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALG TUN BAL COR FRA ITA SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Euphorbe à deux ombelles, Euphorbe à double ombelle

value: perennial

authors: Poir.

published_in: Voy. Barbarie ii. 174

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-blodgettii

scientific: Euphorbia blodgettii

epithet: blodgettii

published_in: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 126 (1893)

preferred: limestone sandmat

Chamaesyce blodgettii

authorship: (Engelm. ex Hitchc.) Small

Chamaesyce nashii

authorship: Small

Euphorbia batabanensis

authorship: Urb.

Euphorbia bermudiana

authorship: Millsp.

codes: FLA MXT BAH BLZ BER CAY CUB GUA HON JAM LEE PUE TCI

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bermuda

code: BER

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 374 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: euphorbia-boetica

scientific: Euphorbia boetica

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: boetica

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 36 (1860)

name: Euphorbia boetica var. pseudoraromisissima

authorship: Cout.

Euphorbia carniolica

authorship: Brot.

Tithymalus baeticus

authorship: (Boiss.) Samp.

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Formicidae
Machaerium maritimae
Oxyaciura tibialis

value: chamaephyte

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 36

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-bombensis

scientific: Euphorbia bombensis

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: bombensis

preferred: dixie sandmat

Chamaesyce ammannioides

authorship: (Kunth) Small

Chamaesyce bombensis

authorship: (Jacq.) Dugand

Euphorbia ammannioides

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia ingallsii

authorship: (Small) Cory

Euphorbia maritima

authorship: Willd. ex Boiss.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MXG MXE MXT MSI NCA SCA TEX VRG BLZ COS CUB GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Alabama

code: ALA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

Costa Rica

code: COS

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 295 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Dixie sandmat
Southern Seaside Spurge

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-borealis

scientific: Euphorbia borealis

authorship: Baikov

epithet: borealis

published_in: Turczaninowia 5(4): 17 (2002)

codes: ALT BRY CTA IRK KAZ KHA KRA MON PRM TVA WSB CHX YAK

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 318 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай северный

label: Height

source: Wikidata

authors: Baikov

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-brachycera

scientific: Euphorbia brachycera

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: brachycera

preferred: horned spurge

source: wikidata

Euphorbia brachycera f. dichotoma

authorship: (Daniels) Oudejans

Euphorbia brachycera var. robusta

authorship: (Engelm.) Dorn

Euphorbia montana var. trifaris

authorship: Norton

Euphorbia philora

authorship: Tidestr.

Galarhoeus robustus

authorship: Rydb.

Tithymalus brachycerus

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Tithymalus philorus

authorship: Cockerell

Tithymalus philorus f. dichotomus

authorship: Daniels

codes: ARI COL IDA MXE MXN MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA SDA TEX UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 433 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
horned spurge
shorthorn spurge

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: euphorbia-bracteata

scientific: Euphorbia bracteata

epithet: bracteata

published_in: Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 14 (1798)

Diadenaria articulata

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Pedilanthus articulatus

authorship: Boiss.

Pedilanthus bracteatus

authorship: (Jacq.) Boiss.

Pedilanthus greggii

authorship: Millsp.

Pedilanthus involucratus

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

Pedilanthus rubescens

authorship: Brandegee

Tithymaloides articulata

authorship: Kuntze

Tithymaloides bracteata

authorship: (Jacq.) Kuntze

Tithymaloides involucrata

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Kuntze

Tithymalus aztecus

authorship: Croizat

Tithymalus bracteatus

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

Tithymalus greggii

authorship: (Millsp.) Croizat

Tithymalus spectabilis

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) Croizat

Ventenatia bracteata

authorship: (Jacq.) Tratt.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: semisucculent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: woody

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 14, t. 276

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-braunsii

scientific: Euphorbia braunsii

epithet: braunsii

Euphorbia marientalii

authorship: Dinter

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: euphorbia-bupleurifolia

scientific: Euphorbia bupleurifolia

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: bupleurifolia

published_in: Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 55 (1797)

codes: CPP NAT

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

lifeform: tuberous geophyte or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 峨眉之峰 铁甲丸

value: geophyte

published_in: Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 55, t. 106

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: euphorbia-bupleuroides

scientific: Euphorbia bupleuroides

authorship: Desf.

epithet: bupleuroides

Euphorbia atlantica

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia diversifolia

authorship: Schrad. ex Steud.

Euphorbia elongata

authorship: Poir.

Tithymalus bupleuroides

authorship: (Desf.) Soják

codes: ALG SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Spain

code: SPA

authors: Desf.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-burmanni

scientific: Euphorbia burmanni

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss.

epithet: burmanni

preferred: steenbuck milkbush

Arthrothamnus bergii

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia biglandulosa

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia burmanni var. karroensis

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia hydnorae

authorship: E.Mey. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia karrooensis

authorship: (Boiss.) N.E.Br.

Tirucalia burmanni

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) P.V.Heath

Tirucalia corymbosa

authorship: (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath

Tirucalia karroensis

authorship: (Boiss.) P.V.Heath

codes: CPP NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 664 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
steenbuck milkbush
Buck Milkweed

names: Молочай бурманский

names: steenbokmelkbos lidjiesmelkbos

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: CAM

authors: (Klotzsch & Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 75


slug: euphorbia-caducifolia

scientific: Euphorbia caducifolia

authorship: Haines

epithet: caducifolia

published_in: Indian Forester 40: 154 (1914)

codes: IND PAK

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Pakistan

code: PAK

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 200 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Haines

published_in: Indian Forester 40: 154

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-caerulescens

scientific: Euphorbia caerulescens

authorship: Haw.

epithet: caerulescens

published_in: Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 1: 276 (1827)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 253 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 浅蓝大戟 莱迪恩大戟

names:
Молочай голубоватый
Молочай синеватый

names: noors suurnoors

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Haw.

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-caesia

scientific: Euphorbia caesia

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

epithet: caesia

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 743 (1841)

Euphorbia caesia var. pilosa

authorship: Ledeb.

Euphorbia subcordata f. obtusifolia

authorship: Krylov

Euphorbia subcordata var. eriophylla

authorship: (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss.

Galarhoeus caesius

authorship: (Kar. & Kir.) Hurus.

Galarhoeus esula f. humilior

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Hurus.

Tithymalus caesius

authorship: (Kar. & Kir.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALT CTA CHI IRK KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX AUT RUE RUS

Altay

code: ALT

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

value: May-Jun

authors: Kar. & Kir.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-calcarata

scientific: Euphorbia calcarata

authorship: (Schltdl.) V.W.Steinm.

epithet: calcarata

Pedilanthus calcaratus

authorship: Schltdl.

Pedilanthus ghiesbreghtianus

authorship: Baill.

Pedilanthus purpusii

authorship: Brandegee

Tithymaloides ghiesbreghtiana

authorship: (Baill.) Kuntze

Tithymalus calcaratus

authorship: (Schltdl.) Croizat

Tithymalus macradenius

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Croizat

Tithymalus purpusii

authorship: (Brandegee) Croizat

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 7 m

authors: (Schltdl.) V.W.Steinm.

published_in: Acta Bot. Mex. 65:48


slug: euphorbia-californica

scientific: Euphorbia californica

authorship: Benth.

epithet: californica

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 49 (1844)

Aklema comonduana

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

Euphorbia comonduana

authorship: Millsp.

Trichosterigma californicum

authorship: (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: CAL MXI MXE MXN

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 161 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 加州大戟 加利福尼亞矢戟

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 49, t. 23B

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-canariensis

scientific: Euphorbia canariensis

authorship: L.

epithet: canariensis

preferred: Canary Island spurge

Euphorbia canariensis var. spiralis

authorship: Bolle ex Boiss.

Euphorbia tribuloides

authorship: Lam.

Tithymalus canariensis

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Torfosidis canariensis

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1488 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena vucana
Camponotus rufoglaucus
Coleoptera
Hylaeus
Lasioglossum evylaeus
Lucilia
Saxifraga
Tachina canariensis

label: Parasites

partners:
Tetrastichus solvae
Wichmannia pictipennis

value: 3 m

value: green

value: Apr-Jul

authors: L.


slug: euphorbia-capitellata

scientific: Euphorbia capitellata

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: capitellata

preferred: head sandmat

Chamaesyce capitellata

authorship: (Engelm.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce rusbyi

authorship: (Greene) Millsp.

Euphorbia rusbyi

authorship: Greene

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 825 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
capitate sandmat
head sandmat

label: Visited by

partners:
Calliopsis squamifera
Perdita obscurella
Pseudopanurgus nanulus

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

value: non-woody

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 188

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCA29


slug: euphorbia-caput-medusae

scientific: Euphorbia caput-medusae

epithet: caput-medusae

preferred: Medusa’s head

Dactylanthes tuberculata

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

Euphorbia caput-medusae var. geminata

authorship: Aiton

Euphorbia commelinii

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia confluens

authorship: Nel

Euphorbia fructus-pini var. geminata

authorship: Sweet

Euphorbia fructuspini

authorship: Mill.

Euphorbia geminata

authorship: (Ait.) Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Euphorbia marlothii

authorship: sensu N.E.Br.non Pax

Euphorbia medusae

authorship: Thunb.

authorship: Panz.

Euphorbia parvimamma

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia ramiglans var. confluens

authorship: (Nel) van Veldh.

Euphorbia tessellata

authorship: (Haw.) Steud.

Euphorbia tuberculata

authorship: Jacq.

Euphorbia tuberculata var. macowanii

authorship: (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Medusea fructus-pini

authorship: Haw.

Medusea tuberculata

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

names:
Medusa’s head
Medusa's Head

names: 天荒龙 孔雀球

names: Молочай голова Медузы

names: hondebossie Vingerpol

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: GIFT

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-carniolica

scientific: Euphorbia carniolica

epithet: carniolica

Euphorbia ambigua

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

authorship: Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.

Euphorbia angulata var. expansa

authorship: (Janka) Boiss.

name: Euphorbia carniolica f. cordatobracteata

authorship: Prodán

Euphorbia carniolica f. expansa

authorship: (Janka) Prodán

Euphorbia carniolica subsp. expansa

authorship: (Janka) Nyman

Euphorbia carniolica var. ambigua

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Nyman

Euphorbia carniolica var. expansa

authorship: (Janka) Porcius

Euphorbia expansa

authorship: Janka

Euphorbia mehadiensis

authorship: Kit.

Galarhoeus carniolicus

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

Tithymalus carniolicus

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

codes: AUT CZE GRC HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SWI UKR

Austria

code: AUT

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 328 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flowering months

value: Apr-Jun

published_in: Fl. Austriac. (Jacquin) 5(App.): 34, t. 14

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-carunculata

scientific: Euphorbia carunculata

authorship: Waterf.

epithet: carunculata

preferred: sanddune sandmat

Chamaesyce carunculata

authorship: (Waterf.) Shinners

codes: KAN MXE NWM OKL TEX

Kansas

code: KAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Oklahoma

code: OKL

lifeform: annual

names:
sand-dune spurge
sanddune sandmat

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

value: therophyte

value: annual

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Waterf.

published_in: Rhodora 50: 63

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCA30


slug: euphorbia-catamarcensis

scientific: Euphorbia catamarcensis

authorship: (Croizat) Subils

epithet: catamarcensis

Chamaesyce catamarcensis

authorship: Croizat

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Croizat) Subils

published_in: Kurtziana 10: 150


slug: euphorbia-celastroides

scientific: Euphorbia celastroides

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: celastroides

preferred: 'ekoko

Chamaesyce celastroides

authorship: (Boiss.) Croizat & O.Deg.

Chamaesyce celastroides var. amplectens

authorship: (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.

name: Chamaesyce celastroides var. hanapepensis

Chamaesyce celastroides var. kohalana

authorship: (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.

Chamaesyce celastroides var. laehiensis

authorship: (O.Deg., O.Deg. & Sherff) Koutnik

Chamaesyce celastroides var. lorifolia

authorship: (A.Gray ex H.Mann) O.Deg. & I.Deg.

Chamaesyce celastroides var. nelsonii

authorship: (H.St.John) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

Chamaesyce celastroides var. stokesii

authorship: (C.N.Forbes) O.Deg. & I.Deg.

Chamaesyce celastroides var. tomentella

authorship: (Boiss.) Koutnik

name: Chamaesyce celastroides var. waikoluensis

Chamaesyce lorifolia

authorship: (Hillebr.) Croizat & O.Deg.

Euphorbia annulata

authorship: Nutt. ex Sherff

Euphorbia celastroides var. amplectens

authorship: Sherff

name: Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis

Euphorbia celastroides var. ingrata

authorship: O.Deg. & Sherff

Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis

authorship: O.Deg., I.Deg. & Sherff

name: Euphorbia celastroides var. limahuliensis

Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia

authorship: (A.Gray ex H.Mann) Sherff

Euphorbia celastroides var. niuensis

authorship: O.Deg. & I.Deg.

Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii

authorship: (C.N.Forbes) Sherff

Euphorbia celastroides var. tomentella

authorship: (Boiss.) Oudejans

name: Euphorbia celastroides var. waikoluensis

Euphorbia lorifolia

authorship: (A.Gray ex H.Mann) Hillebr.

Euphorbia multiformis var. lorifolia

authorship: A.Gray ex H.Mann

Euphorbia oahuensis

authorship: Skottsb.

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 'akoko 'ekoko

partners: Apoidea Diptera Lepidoptera

value: shrub

value: tree

value: 8 m


slug: euphorbia-chaetocalyx

scientific: Euphorbia chaetocalyx

authorship: (Boiss.) Tidestr.

epithet: chaetocalyx

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 40 (1935)

preferred: bristlecup sandmat

Chamaesyce chaetocalyx

authorship: (Boiss.) Wooton & Standl.

Chamaesyce fendleri var. chaetocalyx

authorship: (Boiss. ex DC.) Shinners

Euphorbia fendleri var. chaetocalyx

authorship: Boiss.

codes: ARI MXE NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 241 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

value: perennial

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Tidestr.

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 40

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCH5


slug: euphorbia-chamaesula

scientific: Euphorbia chamaesula

epithet: chamaesula

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 38 (1860)

preferred: mountain spurge

Chamaesyce mathewsii

authorship: Small

Euphorbia chamaesula var. subdentata

authorship: (Engelm.) Norton

Euphorbia esuliformis var. subdentata

authorship: Engelm.

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 38

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-chamaesyce

scientific: Euphorbia chamaesyce

authorship: L.

epithet: chamaesyce

Anisophyllum chamaesyce

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Anisophyllum vaticanum

authorship: Gand.

Chamaesyce canescens

authorship: (L.) Prokh.

Chamaesyce canescens subsp. glabra

authorship: (Roeper) Soják

name: Chamaesyce canescens subsp. massiliensis

authorship: (DC.) Soják

Chamaesyce chamaesyce

authorship: (L.) Hurus.

Chamaesyce libassii

authorship: (Lojac.) Giardina & Raimondo

Chamaesyce massiliensis

authorship: (DC.) Galushko

Chamaesyce vulgaris

authorship: Prokh.

Chamaesyce vulgaris subsp. massiliensis

authorship: (DC.) Benedí & J.J.Orell

Ditrita rotundifolia

authorship: Raf.

Euphorbia canescens var. microphylla

authorship: Sennen & Elías

Euphorbia chamaesyce f. glabra

authorship: (Roep.) Thell.

Euphorbia chamaesyce subsp. canescens

authorship: (L.) Holmboe

Euphorbia chamaesyce var. gabriuscula

authorship: Lange

Euphorbia chamaesyce var. glabra

authorship: Roep.

Euphorbia chamaesyce var. hirsuta

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia chamaesyce var. massiliensis

authorship: (DC.) Thell.

authorship: (DC.) P.Fourn.

Euphorbia libassii

authorship: Lojac.

Euphorbia massiliensis

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia perforata

authorship: Tineo ex Lojac.

Euphorbia prostrata

authorship: Burch. ex Hemsl.

Tithymalus chamaesyce

authorship: (L.) Moench

Tithymalus nummularius

authorship: Lam.

codes: ALG CNY CVI EGY LBY MOR TUN AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS NCS PAL SAU TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB PAK ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 150 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Euphorbe petit figuier
Euphorbe petit-figuier

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus
Anas platyrhynchos

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-characias

scientific: Euphorbia characias

authorship: L.

epithet: characias

preferred: Albanian spurge

Characias purpurea

authorship: Gray

Esula characias

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Euphorbia characias prol. eriocarpa

authorship: (Bertol.) Rouy

Euphorbia characias subsp. veneta

authorship: (Willd.) Litard.

Euphorbia characias var. eriocarpa

authorship: (Bertol.) Nyman

Euphorbia characias var. melapetala

authorship: (Gasp. ex Guss.) Fiori

Euphorbia characias var. veneta

authorship: (Willd.) Fiori

Euphorbia cretica

authorship: Mill.

Euphorbia cuatrecasasii

authorship: Pau

Euphorbia eriocarpa

authorship: Bertol.

Euphorbia lycia

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia melapetala

authorship: Gasp.

authorship: Gasp. ex Guss.

Euphorbia melapetala var. leiocarpa

authorship: Guss. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia messeniaca

authorship: Heldr. ex Halácsy

Euphorbia rubens

authorship: Vill.

authorship: Chaix

Euphorbia veneta

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia wulfenii

authorship: Heldr. ex Nyman

authorship: Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch

Galarhoeus creticus

authorship: (Mill.) Haw.

Tithymalus characias

authorship: (L.) Hill

Tithymalus melapetalus

authorship: (Gasp. ex Guss.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus sibthorpii

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

Tithymalus venetus

authorship: (Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus wulfenii

authorship: (Hoppe ex Koch) Soják

codes: LBY MOR EAI TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай средиземноморский

names: Euphorbe characias, Euphorbe des vallons

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Calliphora
Calliphoridae
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis tenax
Fannia canicularis
Melanostoma
Rhaphigaster nebulosa

partners:
Myathropa florea
Andrena
Andrena cineraria
Andrena prunorum
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthomyia procellaris
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Apis mellifera
Eupeodes volucris
Hyles euphorbiae
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Philaenus spumarius

partners:
Eurytoma volkovi
Melampsora euphorbiae
Pteromalus fuscipennis


slug: euphorbia-cinerascens

scientific: Euphorbia cinerascens

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: cinerascens

preferred: ashy sandmat

Chamaesyce cinerascens

authorship: Small

name: Euphorbia melanadenia var. subinappendiculata

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: chamaephyte

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 186

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCI2


slug: euphorbia-clandestina

scientific: Euphorbia clandestina

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: clandestina

published_in: Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 43 (1804)

preferred: the soldier

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 224 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
the soldier
Ostrich Noors

names: 逆鳞龙 铁甲麒麟

names: volstruisnek Volstruistnek

value: woody

published_in: Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 43, t. 484

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-clava

scientific: Euphorbia clava

epithet: clava

preferred: club euphorbia

Euphorbia canaliculata

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia clavata

authorship: Salisb.

Euphorbia coronata

authorship: Thunb.

Euphorbia haworthii

authorship: Sweet

Treisia clava

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

Treisia tuberculata

authorship: Haw.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
club euphorbia
Club Noors

names: 东台麒麟 棒大戟

published_in: Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] 1: 9, t. 85

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-clavarioides

scientific: Euphorbia clavarioides

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: clavarioides

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 25 (1860)

Euphorbia basutica

authorship: Marloth

name: Euphorbia clavarioides var. clavarioides

Euphorbia clavarioides var. truncata

authorship: (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 640 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cushion Barrelwort
Lion Spoor

names: 神蛇丸 飞头蕃

names: Молочай булавовидный

names: Slangpol Vingerpol

names: isantilele isihlekehleke

partners:
Apis mellifera
Eristalinus taeniops

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 25

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: euphorbia-colletioides

scientific: Euphorbia colletioides

authorship: Benth.

epithet: colletioides

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 163 (1846)

Aklema colletioides

authorship: (Benth.) Millsp.

Aklema ligustrina

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

Aklema plicata

authorship: (S.Watson) Millsp.

Euphorbia junciformis

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Euphorbia padifolia

authorship: Brandegee

Euphorbia recta

authorship: Klotzsch

codes: MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS COS HON NIC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: shrub

value: nanophanerophyte

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 163

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-colliculina

scientific: Euphorbia colliculina

authorship: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

epithet: colliculina

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

published_in: Succ. Euphorb. 1: 401, 2: App. A, 963

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: euphorbia-collina

scientific: Euphorbia collina

authorship: Phil.

epithet: collina

Euphorbia collina var. andina

authorship: (Phil.) Subils

Euphorbia collina var. glaucescens

authorship: (Chodat) Subils

Euphorbia collina var. minor

authorship: (Hicken) Subils

Euphorbia collina var. nahuelhuapina

authorship: (Croizat) Subils

Euphorbia collina var. patagonica

authorship: (Hieron.) Subils

Euphorbia collina var. spathulata

authorship: (Chodat & Wilczek) Subils

Euphorbia dasyclada

authorship: Dusén

Euphorbia patagonica

authorship: Hieron.

Euphorbia portulacoides subsp. collina

authorship: (Phil.) Croizat

name: Euphorbia portulacoides subsp. nahuelhuapina

authorship: Croizat

name: Euphorbia portulacoides var. glaucescens

authorship: Chodat & Wilczek

Euphorbia portulacoides var. minor

authorship: Hicken

name: Euphorbia portulacoides var. nahuelhuapina

Euphorbia portulacoides var. spathulata

authorship: Chodat

Tithymalus collinus

authorship: (Phil.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Phil.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-commutata

scientific: Euphorbia commutata

authorship: Engelm. ex A.Gray

epithet: commutata

preferred: tinted woodland spurge

Euphorbia austrina

authorship: (Small) Jabl.

Euphorbia commutata var. erecta

authorship: Norton

Euphorbia ohiotica

authorship: Steud. & Hochst. ex Boiss.

Galarhoeus austrinus

authorship: Small

Galarhoeus commutatus

authorship: (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Small ex Rydb.

Tithymalus commutatus

authorship: (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LOU MRY MIC MSI MSO NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 435 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.