slug: opuntia-ficus-indica

scientific: Opuntia ficus-indica

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: ficus-indica

published_in: Gard. Dict.: Opuntia No. 2. 1768.

preferred: Indian fig opuntia

english:
Indian fig opuntia
Barbary Fig
Barbary fig
Indian Fig
Indian-fig
Tuna Cactus

Cactus compressus

authorship: Salisb.

Cactus decumanus

authorship: Willd.

Cactus ficus

authorship: Thunb.

Cactus ficus-indica

authorship: L.

Cactus lanceolatus

authorship: Haw.

Cactus maximus

authorship: Colla

Cactus opuntia var. latifolius

authorship: Risso

Opuntia alfagayucca

authorship: Karw. ex Salm-Dyck

Opuntia amyclaea

authorship: Ten.

Opuntia apurimacensis

authorship: (F.Ritter) R.Crook & Mottram

Opuntia arkansana

authorship: Engelm. ex Hirscht

Opuntia caespitosa

authorship: Raf.

Opuntia cordobensis

authorship: Speg.

Opuntia crassa var. major

authorship: Pfeiff.

Opuntia decumana

authorship: (Willd.) Haw.

Opuntia elongata var. laevior

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia ficus-indica f. amyclaea

authorship: (Ten.) Schelle

Opuntia ficus-indica f. decumana

authorship: (Willd.) Schelle

Opuntia ficus-indica f. gymnocarpa

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Schelle

Opuntia ficus-indica f. reticulata

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia ficus-indica var. amyclaea

authorship: (Ten.) A.Berger

Opuntia ficus-indica var. decumana

authorship: (Willd.) Speg.

Opuntia ficus-indica var. elongata

authorship: Schelle

Opuntia ficus-indica var. gymnocarpa

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Speg.

Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

authorship: Makino

Opuntia fusicaulis

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia lanceolata

authorship: (Haw.) Haw.

Opuntia leiascheinvariana

authorship: Martínez-Gonz. & Gallegos

Opuntia maxima

authorship: Mill.

Opuntia opuntia

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Opuntia umbrella

authorship: Steud.

Platyopuntia cordobensis

authorship: (Speg.) F.Ritter

Platyopuntia ficus-indica

authorship: (L.) F.Ritter

codes: MXC MXE MXS

Histamine

activities: Allergenic AntiMeniere's Antichilblain Antimigraine Bronchoconstrictor Bronchostimulant Cardiovascular Gastrostimulant

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Stigmasterol

activities: Antihepatotoxic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiophidic Antioxidant Antiviral Artemicide Cancer-Preventive

Isorhamnetin

activities: Antibacterial Antihistaminic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antispasmodic Cancer-Preventive Hepatoprotective MAO-Inhibitor

Citric-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor Antiaphthic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Anticalculic Anticoagulant Antileishmanic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
Indian Fig
Barbary fig

names: Tuna Chumbera

names: 梨果仙人掌 秘鲁柱

names:
تين شوكي
صبير التين الهندي

names: Arumbeba-cuí Arumbeba-de-palma-rajada

names:
Опунция индийская
Опунция инжирная

names:
Feigenkaktus
Gewöhnlicher Feigenkaktus

names:
Figuier de Barbarie
Oponce figuier de Barbarie

names: fragkosykia papoutsosytzia

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Xylocopa sp.
Apis mellifera
Bombus fervidus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus ruderatus
Bombus terrestris canariensis
Cynanthus latirostris
Lasius grandis

partners:
Dactylopius opuntiae
Sibovia nielsoni

label: Eaten by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris canariensis
Cactoblastis doddi
Canis mesomelas
Chlorocebus pygerythrus
Dactylopius
Dactylopius opuntiae
Genetta tigrina

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Opuntia virus 2
Potexvirus sp.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-fragilis

scientific: Opuntia fragilis

authorship: (Nutt.) Haw.

genus: Opuntia

epithet: fragilis

family: Cactaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Brittle Cactus

english:
Brittle Cactus
Brittle Prickly-pear
Brittle Pricklypear
Brittle pricklypear
Fragile Cactus
Jumping Cactus
Little Pricklypear
brittle pricklypear
little pricklypear

source: wikidata

Cactus fragilis

authorship: Nutt.

Opuntia brachyarthra

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

Opuntia fragilis f. brachyarthra

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Schelle

Opuntia fragilis subsp. brachyarthra

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) F.A.C.Weber

Opuntia fragilis var. brachyarthra

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) J.M.Coult.

Opuntia fragilis var. denudata

authorship: E.F.Wiegand & Backeb.

Opuntia sabinii

authorship: Pfeiff.

Terecaulis fragilis

authorship: (Nutt.) Berge

Tunas fragilis

authorship: Nieuwl. & Lunell

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA ILL IOW KAN MAN MIC MIN MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL ONT ORE SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2063 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Опунция ломкая

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus nevadensis
Ceratina pacifica
Hoplitis sambuci
Lasioglossum pruinosum
Megachile brevis
Megachile montivaga

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Ceratina nanula
Ceratina neomexicana
Diadasia australis
Lasioglossum ebmerellum
Xylocopa californica arizonensis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Armadillidium vulgare
Bombus griseocollis
Rhynocoris ventralis

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Diadasia australis

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: opuntia-galapageia

scientific: Opuntia galapageia

authorship: Hensl.

epithet: galapageia

preferred: Galápagos Prickly Pear

english:
Galápagos Prickly Pear
Prickly pear

Opuntia galapageia subsp. insularis

authorship: (A.Stewart) Guiggi

Opuntia galapageia subsp. myriacantha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Guiggi

Opuntia galapageia var. brossettii

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia galapageia var. myriacantha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.

Opuntia saxicola

authorship: Howell

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

Galápagos

code: GAL

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

lifeform: succulent tree

climate: desert or dry shrubland

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1914 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
Prickly pear
Galápagos Prickly Pear

names: เสมากาลาปาโกส

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

type: eatenBy

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Height

category: Size

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

value: CAM

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Hensl.

published_in: Mag. Zool. Bot. 1: 467

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: opuntia-gosseliniana

scientific: Opuntia gosseliniana

epithet: gosseliniana

published_in: in Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France 49: 83. 1902.

preferred: Violet Prickly-pear

english:
Violet Prickly-pear
violet pricklypear

Opuntia chlorotica var. gosseliniana

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) D.J.Ferguson

Opuntia violacea var. gosseliniana

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) L.D.Benson

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ARI MXN

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

lifeform: succulent shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 216 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Violet Prickly-pear
violet pricklypear

names: Опунция крупноколючковая

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Agapostemon angelicus
Agapostemon tyleri
Ashmeadiella meliloti
Ashmeadiella opuntiae
Augochlorella
Diadasia opuntiae
Diadasia rinconis
Halictus ligatus

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

published_in: Bull. Soc. Acclim. Fr. 1902, 83; et ex K. Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt Nachtr. I.154

field: phenology

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-guatemalensis

scientific: Opuntia guatemalensis

authorship: Britton & Rose

epithet: guatemalensis

codes: MXG MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: succulent shrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: Britton & Rose

published_in: Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) 1: 113, 218, fig. 285

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: opuntia-helleri

scientific: Opuntia helleri

authorship: K.Schum. ex B.L.Rob.

epithet: helleri

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 38: 180. 1902.

preferred: Prickly pear

Opuntia galapageia subsp. helleri

authorship: (K.Schum.) Guiggi

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Cricket sp1 M_PL_026
Lepidoptera
Manduca rustica
Monomorium floricola
Tetramorium guineense

partners:
Catterpillar
Manduca rustica
Monomorium floricola

partners:
Camarhynchus pallidus
Camarhynchus parvulus
Camarhynchus psittacula
Certhidea fusca
Certhidea olivacea
Coccyzus melacoryphus
Crotophaga ani
Geospiza conirostris

value: 6 m

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 38(4): 180

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: opuntia-huajuapensis

scientific: Opuntia huajuapensis

authorship: Bravo

epithet: huajuapensis

published_in: in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 25: 484. 1954.

codes: MXC MXG MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nopal chino
chumbera

authors: Bravo

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 25: 484, fig. 3

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-humifusa

scientific: Opuntia humifusa

authorship: (Raf.) Raf.

epithet: humifusa

preferred: low pricklypear

english:
low pricklypear
Eastern Prickly Pear
Eastern Prickly-pear
Indian Fig
Low Prickly Pear
Smooth Prickly Pear
devil's-tongue

source: inat

Cactus humifusus

authorship: Raf.

Cactus italicus

authorship: Ten. ex Steud.

authorship: Ten.

Cactus opuntia var. vulgaris

authorship: (Mill.) DC.

Opuntia allairei

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia calcicola

authorship: Wherry

Opuntia compressa var. allairei

authorship: (Griffiths) D.Weniger

Opuntia compressa var. humifusa

authorship: (Raf.) D.Weniger

Opuntia intermedia

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia italica

authorship: Ten. ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia prostrata

authorship: Monv. & Lem. ex C.F.Först.

Opuntia rafinesquei

authorship: Engelm.

Opuntia rafinesquei var. parva

authorship: F.Haage & E.Schmidt

Opuntia rafinesquiana

authorship: Urlandt

Opuntia vulgaris

authorship: Mill.

Platyopuntia vulgaris

authorship: (Mill.) F.Ritter

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC KTY MRY MAS MXE MSI NWH NWJ NWY PEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

lifeform: succulent subshrub

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
devil's-tongue
Eastern Prickly Pear

names: 匍地仙人掌 匐地仙人掌

names: Опунция стелющаяся

names:
Gemeine Opuntie
Gemeiner Feigenkaktus

names:
Figuier d'Inde
Oponce commune

partners:
Apoidea
Augochlorella aurata
Augochlorella persimilis
Coleoptera
Episyrphus balteatus
Hylaeus communis
Lithurgus gibbosus

partners:
Augochlorella aurata
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Agapostemon splendens
Apoidea
Augochloropsis sumptuosa
Bombus pensylvanicus
Dianthidium floridiense

partners:
Apis mellifera
Euphoria kernii
Statilia maculata

partners:
Sylvilagus floridanus
Agapostemon virescens
Aphis craccivora
Aphis spiraecola
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: opuntia-hyptiacantha

scientific: Opuntia hyptiacantha

epithet: hyptiacantha

Opuntia tezontepecana

authorship: Gallegos & Scheinvar

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 279 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
nopal cascarón
nopal memelo

partners:
Amazilia rutila
Heliomaster constantii

authors: F.A.C.Weber in Bois

published_in: Dict. Hort. [Bois] 2: 894


slug: opuntia-inaperta

scientific: Opuntia inaperta

authorship: (A.Schott ex Griffiths) D.R.Hunt

epithet: inaperta

published_in: in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5. 1997.

Nopalea inaperta

authorship: A.Schott ex Griffiths

codes: MXG MXT

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 91 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nopal zacam
Xpakan

authors: (Schott ex Griffiths) D.R.Hunt

published_in: Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-jaliscana

scientific: Opuntia jaliscana

authorship: Bravo

epithet: jaliscana

Mexico Central

code: MXC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-joconostle

scientific: Opuntia joconostle

epithet: joconostle

published_in: Cact. Util. Mexico: 120. 1928.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 105 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: F.A.C.Weber ex Diguet

published_in: Cact. Utiles Mex. 120, fig. 34

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-karwinskiana

scientific: Opuntia karwinskiana

epithet: karwinskiana

Nopalea karwinskiana

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) K.Schum.

Opuntia nopalilla

authorship: Karw. ex Salm-Dyck

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 611 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amazilia rutila
Cynanthus latirostris
Heliomaster constantii
Leucolia violiceps

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

authors: Salm-Dyck

published_in: Cact. Hort. Dyck., Anno 1849. 239


slug: opuntia-leucotricha

scientific: Opuntia leucotricha

authorship: DC.

epithet: leucotricha

preferred: Arborescent Pricklypear

english:
Arborescent Pricklypear
arborescent pricklypear

Consolea leucacantha

authorship: (Link & Otto) Lem.

Nopalea angustifrons

authorship: Lindb.

Opuntia durangensis

authorship: Britton & Rose

Opuntia erythrocentron

authorship: Lem. ex C.F.Först.

Opuntia fulvispina

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia gallegiana

authorship: Scheinvar & Olalde

Opuntia lanigera

authorship: Parm. ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia leucacantha

authorship: Link & Otto ex Salm-Dyck

authorship: Link & Otto ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia leucacantha var. subferox

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex C.F.Först.

Opuntia leucosticta

authorship: H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia leucotricha var. fulvispina

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.

Opuntia pyriformis

authorship: Rose

Opuntia setocarpa

authorship: Arreola-Nava, Guzm.-Hern. & Cuevas

Opuntia subferox

authorship: Schott ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia zamudioi

authorship: Scheinvar

codes: MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 600 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
arborescent pricklypear
Aaron's-beard prickly-pear

names:
Duraznillo
Nopal Duraznillo

names: 帕兰团扇 松山镜

names: Xoconostle-cabeludo Xonocostle-cabeludo

names: Опунция беловолосая

names: Oponce à poils blancs, Opuntia à poils blancs

partners:
Apis mellifera
Ptilothrix tricolor

value: 4 m

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: yellow

label: Flowering months

value: Apr-Jun


slug: opuntia-lindheimeri

scientific: Opuntia lindheimeri

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: lindheimeri

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lindheimer prickly-pear
Texas Pricklypear

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 207


slug: opuntia-littoralis

scientific: Opuntia littoralis

authorship: (Engelm.) Cockerell

epithet: littoralis

published_in: in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4(1): 15. 1905.

preferred: Coastal Pricklypear

english:
Coastal Pricklypear
Coastal Prickly-pear
coastal pricklypear

Opuntia engelmannii f. littoralis

authorship: (Engelm.) Schelle

Opuntia lindheimeri var. littoralis

authorship: (Engelm.) J.M.Coult.

Opuntia littoralis var. piercei

authorship: (Fosberg) L.D.Benson & Walk.

Opuntia occidentalis var. littoralis

authorship: (Engelm.) Parish ex Jeps.

authorship: (Engelm.) Parish

Opuntia occidentalis var. piercei

authorship: (Fosberg) Munz

Opuntia phaeacantha var. piercei

authorship: Fosberg

Opuntia semispinosa

authorship: Griffiths

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1996 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Opuntia engelmannii

slug: opuntia-engelmannii

species: Opuntia phaeacantha

slug: opuntia-phaeacantha

species: Hesperoyucca whipplei

slug: hesperoyucca-whipplei

names: 海岸团扇 黄刺掌

partners:
Anthrenus verbasci
Apiomerus californicus
Apis mellifera
Apodemia virgulti
Augochlorella pomoniella
Bombus californicus
Diadasia australis
Diadasia rinconis

partners:
Argiope argentata
Bombus sonorus
Cotinis mutabilis
Lygaeus kalmii
Vespula pensylvanica

partners:
Apodemia virgulti
Corvus corax

authors: (Engelm.) Cockerell


slug: opuntia-lutea

scientific: Opuntia lutea

authorship: (Rose) D.R.Hunt

epithet: lutea

published_in: in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6. 1997.

codes: MXT MXS COS GUA HON NIC

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

authors: (Rose) D.R.Hunt

published_in: Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6


slug: opuntia-macrocentra

scientific: Opuntia macrocentra

epithet: macrocentra

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 292. 1856.

preferred: Black-spined pricklypear

english:
Black-spined pricklypear
Purple Prickly-pear
purple pricklypear

Opuntia violacea

authorship: Engelm. ex B.D.Jacks.

Opuntia violacea var. macrocentra

authorship: (Engelm.) L.D.Benson

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nopal Violaceo
nopal violáceo

names: 天鼓 猿猴团扇

names: Palma-violeta palma

names: Опунция крупноцентровая

partners:
Apis mellifera
Ashmeadiella opuntiae
Diadasia rinconis
Lasioglossum semicaeruleum
Lithurgopsis littoralis
Melissodes tristis

partners:
Carpophilus
Halictidae
Hymenoptera
Apis mellifera
Ashmeadiella opuntiae
Diadasia rinconis
Lasioglossum pruinosiforme
Lithurgopsis apicalis

partners:
Anthidium jocosum
Lithurgopsis apicalis

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 292

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-macrorhiza

scientific: Opuntia macrorhiza

epithet: macrorhiza

preferred: Grassland Pricklypear

english:
Grassland Pricklypear
Plains Twistspine Pricklypear
Twistspine Pricklypear
twistspine pricklypear

Cactus tuberculatus

authorship: Willd.

Opuntia compressa var. fuscoatra

authorship: (Engelm.) D.Weniger

Opuntia compressa var. stenochila

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) D.Weniger

Opuntia fusiformis

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

Opuntia greenei

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Engelm. ex Britton & Rose

Opuntia leptocarpa

authorship: Mackensen

Opuntia loomisii

authorship: Peebles

Opuntia macrorhiza var. grandiflora

authorship: (Engelm.) Bulot

Opuntia macrorhiza var. greenii

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Bulot

Opuntia mesacantha var. stenochila

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) J.M.Coult.

Opuntia rafinesquei f. oplocarpa

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Schelle

Opuntia tuberculata

authorship: (Willd.) Haw.

codes: ARI ARK COL ILL KAN MXE MXN MSO NWM OKL TEX UTA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

Illinois

code: ILL

Kansas

code: KAN

Missouri

code: MSO

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Utah

code: UTA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nopal Raizudo
nopal enano

names: Опунция Крупнокорневая

names: ダイコンウチワ（大根団扇）

names:
/
Oponce des prairies

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Hesperia uncas
Hesperia viridis
Lithurgopsis apicalis
Mastor simius
Melanoplus confusus

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Lithurgopsis apicalis


slug: opuntia-martiniana

scientific: Opuntia martiniana

authorship: (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt

epithet: martiniana

preferred: seashore cactus

Opuntia littoralis var. martiniana

authorship: (L.D.Benson) L.D.Benson

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

names:
seashore cactus
Searchlight Pricklypear

authors: (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt

published_in: Syst. Bot. 5: 416


slug: opuntia-megapotamica

scientific: Opuntia megapotamica

authorship: Arechav.

epithet: megapotamica

published_in: in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 42. 1905.

Opuntia atrovirens

authorship: Speg.

Opuntia megapotamica subsp. salagria

authorship: (A.Cast.) Guiggi

Opuntia monacantha subsp. brunneogemmia

authorship: (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves

Opuntia pituitosa

authorship: (F.Ritter) Iliff

codes: AGE AGW BZS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 424 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

label: Life form

value: lithophyte

authors: Arechav.

published_in: Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo ser. 2, 1: 42


slug: opuntia-mesacantha

scientific: Opuntia mesacantha

authorship: Raf.

epithet: mesacantha

published_in: in: Seringe, N. C., Bull. Bot.: 216. 1830.

Opuntia eburnispina

authorship: Small

Opuntia impedata

authorship: Small ex Britton & Rose

Opuntia macrarthra

authorship: Gibbes

Opuntia pollardii

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NWJ NCA SCA TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Jersey

code: NWJ

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1064 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Опунция распростёртая

partners:
Canis latrans
Dactylopius confusus
Narnia femorata

authors: Raf.

published_in: Bull. Bot. (Geneva) 1: 216


slug: opuntia-microdasys

scientific: Opuntia microdasys

authorship: (Lehm.) Pfeiff.

epithet: microdasys

published_in: Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 154. 1837.

preferred: Bunny Ears Cactus

english:
Bunny Ears Cactus
angel's-wings

Cactus microdasys

authorship: Lehm.

Opuntia herrfeldtii

authorship: Kupper

Opuntia lubrica

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia microdasys f. minor

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Schelle

Opuntia microdasys subvar. albiflora

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia microdasys var. albispina

authorship: Fobe & Backeb.

Opuntia microdasys var. laevior

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia microdasys var. pallida

authorship: Borg

Opuntia pulvinata

authorship: DC.

codes: MXG MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1365 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Opuntia basilaris

slug: opuntia-basilaris

species: Ferocactus wislizeni

slug: ferocactus-wislizeni

names:
angel's-wings
Bunny Ears Cactus

names:
Nopal Cegador
cegador

names: cacto-mickey opúntia

names: Опунция мелковолосистая

names: / Oponce

authors: (Lehm.) Pfeiff.

published_in: Enum. Diagn. Cact. 154


slug: opuntia-monacantha

scientific: Opuntia monacantha

authorship: (Willd.) Haw.

epithet: monacantha

preferred: Common Pricklypear

english:
Common Pricklypear
common pricklypear

Cactus monacanthos

authorship: Willd.

Cactus opuntia var. parvifolius

authorship: Risso

Cactus urumbeba

authorship: Vell.

Opuntia deflexa

authorship: Lem.

Opuntia lemaireana

authorship: Console ex Bois

Opuntia monacantha var. variegata

authorship: Anon.

Opuntia roxburghiana

authorship: Voigt

Opuntia urumbea

authorship: (Vell.) Steud.

Opuntia vulgaris var. lemaireana

authorship: (Console ex Bois) Backeb.

codes: BZE BZS BZL PAR URU

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
common pricklypear
cochineal prickly-pear

names: chumbera tuna

names: 玉芙蓉 云南仙人掌

names: arumbeva cardo-palmático

names:
Common Pricklypear
Oponce

names: luisiesturksvy suurturksvy

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus sonorus
Lasioglossum vierecki
Macrogalea candida

partners:
Mimus saturninus
Apis mellifera
Coryphospingus cucullatus
Cyclarhis gujanensis
Elaenia flavogaster
Euphonia chlorotica
Icterus cayanensis
Lasioglossum vierecki

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent


slug: opuntia-nemoralis

scientific: Opuntia nemoralis

authorship: Griffiths

epithet: nemoralis

published_in: in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 133. 1913.

Opuntia macateei

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: ARK LOU MSO TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

Louisiana

code: LOU

Missouri

code: MSO

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Griffiths

published_in: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 133

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-orbiculata

scientific: Opuntia orbiculata

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.

epithet: orbiculata

published_in: Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 156. 1837.

Opuntia crinifera var. lanigera

authorship: Pfeiff.

Opuntia senilis

authorship: Parm. ex Pfeiff.

codes: ARI MXE MXN NEV NWM OKL TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 916 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Western Pricklypear
western prickly-pear

names: Опунция округлая

authors: Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.

published_in: Enum. Diagn. Cact. 156


slug: opuntia-oricola

scientific: Opuntia oricola

authorship: Philbrick

epithet: oricola

preferred: Chaparral Prickly-pear

english:
Chaparral Prickly-pear
chaparral pricklypear

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 908 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Опунция горолюбивая

authors: Philbrick

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 36: 163, figs


slug: opuntia-perotensis

scientific: Opuntia perotensis

authorship: Scheinvar, Olalde & Gallegos

epithet: perotensis

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

authors: Scheinvar, Olalde & Gallegos


scientific: Opuntia phaeacantha

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: phaeacantha

preferred: Brown-spined Pricklypear

english:
Brown-spined Pricklypear
Brownspine Pricklypear
New Mexico Prickly-pear
Tulip Prickly-pear
Tulip Pricklypear
tulip pricklypear

Opuntia angustata

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

Opuntia blakeana

authorship: Rose

Opuntia comanchica

authorship: Urlandt

Opuntia cyclodes

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Rose

Opuntia engelmannii var. dulcis

authorship: (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. ex K.Schum.

Opuntia engelmannii var. wootonii

authorship: (Griffiths) Fosberg

Opuntia hanburyana

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex A.Berger

Opuntia laevis var. canada

authorship: (Griffiths) Peebles

Opuntia lindheimeri var. cyclodes

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) J.M.Coult.

Opuntia lindheimeri var. dulcis

authorship: (Engelm.) J.M.Coult.

Opuntia mesacantha var. sphaerocarpa

authorship: J.M.Coult. ex Wooton & Standl.

Opuntia phaeacantha f. brunnea

authorship: (Engelm.) Schelle

Opuntia phaeacantha subsp. camanchica

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Borg

Opuntia phaeacantha subsp. mojavensis

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Guiggi

Opuntia phaeacantha var. camanchica

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson

Opuntia phaeacantha var. castorea

authorship: S.L.Welsh & N.D.Atwood

Opuntia phaeacantha var. chihuahuensis

authorship: (Rose) Bravo

Opuntia phaeacantha var. mojavensis

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Fosberg

Opuntia phaeacantha var. superbospina

authorship: (Griffiths) L.D.Benson

Opuntia platyacantha f. mojavensis

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Schelle

Opuntia rubrifolia

authorship: Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.

codes: ARI CAL COL KAN MXE MXN NEV NWM OKL TEX UTA

Colorado

code: COL

Kansas

code: KAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2079 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Opuntia littoralis

slug: opuntia-littoralis

slug: opuntia-engelmannii

names: Опунция тёмноколючковая

names: アラエビス（荒戎） タムラ（田村）

partners:
Diadasia rinconis
Diptera
Episyrphus balteatus
Hesperia viridis
Hylaeus communis
Vespidae
Vespula

partners:
Apis mellifera
Augochlorella pomoniella
Diadasia australis
Diadasia rinconis
Euphoria kernii
Lithurgopsis
Lithurgopsis apicalis
Cetonia aurata pisana

partners:
Agapostemon angelicus
Anthidiellum notatum
Anthidium jocosum
Anthidium palmarum
Anthophora californica
Apis mellifera
Ashmeadiella cactorum
Ashmeadiella leucozona

partners:
Aphis craccivora
Aphis spiraecola
Apis mellifera
Diadasia australis
Etiella zinckenella


slug: opuntia-pilifera

scientific: Opuntia pilifera

epithet: pilifera

Opuntia pilifera var. aurantiisaeta

authorship: Backeb.

codes: MXC MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 200 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nopal Crinado
cocoche loco

published_in: Dict. Hort. [Bois] 2: 894


slug: opuntia-pinkavae

scientific: Opuntia pinkavae

epithet: pinkavae

preferred: Bulrush Canyon Prickly-pear

english:
Bulrush Canyon Prickly-pear
Pinkava's Pricklypear
Pinkava's pricklypear

Opuntia erinacea var. woodburyi

authorship: (W.H.Earle) S.L.Welsh

codes: ARI UTA

names:
Bulrush Canyon Prickly-pear
Pinkava's pricklypear

published_in: Rhodora 99: 223, fig


slug: opuntia-polyacantha

scientific: Opuntia polyacantha

authorship: Haw.

epithet: polyacantha

preferred: Plains Pricklypear

english:
Plains Pricklypear
Panhandle Prickly-pear
plains pricklypear

Cactus ferox

authorship: Nutt.

Opuntia barbata

authorship: K.Brandegee ex J.A.Purpus

Opuntia erinacea

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

Opuntia erinacea subsp. hystricina

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Lodé

Opuntia erinacea var. paucispina

authorship: Dunkle

Opuntia erinacea var. rhodantha

authorship: (K.Schum.) L.D.Benson

Opuntia erinacea var. ursina

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Parish

Opuntia erinacea var. utahensis

authorship: (Engelm.) L.D.Benson

Opuntia heacockiae

authorship: Arp

Opuntia hystricina var. nicholii

authorship: (L.D.Benson) Backeb.

Opuntia hystricina var. ursina

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.

Opuntia juniperina

authorship: Britton & Rose

Opuntia missouriensis

authorship: DC.

Opuntia missouriensis var. elongata

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia missouriensis var. microsperma

authorship: Engelm.

Opuntia missouriensis var. salmonea

authorship: Späth ex J.A.Purpus

Opuntia polyacantha f. platycarpa

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Toumey & Rose

Opuntia polyacantha subsp. borealis

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Piper & Beattie

Opuntia polyacantha var. hystericina

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) B.D.Parfitt

Opuntia polyacantha var. juniperina

authorship: (Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson

Opuntia polyacantha var. schweriniana

authorship: (K.Schum.) Backeb.

Opuntia polyacantha var. utahensis

authorship: (Engelm.) Bulot

Opuntia rhodantha f. xanthostemma

authorship: (K.Schum.) Rehder

Opuntia rhodantha var. spinosior

authorship: Boissev. & C.Davidson

Opuntia spirocentra

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow ex Haage

Opuntia splendens

authorship: Pfeiff.

Opuntia trichophora

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Britton & Rose

Opuntia xerocarpa

authorship: Griffiths

Tunas polyacantha

authorship: (Haw.) Nieuwl. & Lunell

codes: ABT ARI CAL COL IDA KAN MXE MXN MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL SAS SDA TEX UTA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Опунция многоколючковая

names: シュヨウマル（朱容丸） シュラウチワ（修羅団扇）

names:
corne de raquette
oponce à épines nombreuses

partners: Agapostemon Bombus Diadasia Lithurgus Megachile Melissodes

partners:
Diadasia australis
Agapostemon texanus
Agapostemon virescens
Apiomerus spissipes
Ashmeadiella
Bombus nevadensis
Euphoria kernii
Hesperia pahaska

partners:
Gerstaeckeria basalis
Titanebo californicus


slug: opuntia-pottsii

scientific: Opuntia pottsii

epithet: pottsii

Opuntia ballii

authorship: Rose

Opuntia macrorhiza subsp. pottsii

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) U.Guzmán & Mandujano

Opuntia macrorhiza var. pottsii

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) L.D.Benson

codes: ARI MXE NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pott's Prickly Pear
Potts's prickly-pear

published_in: Cact. Hort. Dyck., Anno 1849. 236

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-puberula

scientific: Opuntia puberula

epithet: puberula

Opuntia heliae

authorship: Matuda

Opuntia parvispina

authorship: Salm-Dyck

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
nopal de culebra
nopal de tortuga

authors: Hort.Vindob. ex Pfeiff.

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-pubescens

scientific: Opuntia pubescens

authorship: H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff.

epithet: pubescens

published_in: Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 149. 1837.

Cactus nanus

authorship: Kunth

Cactus pubescens

authorship: (H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff.) Lem.

Cereus nanus

authorship: (Kunth) DC.

Corynopuntia dumetorum

authorship: (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth

Grusonia dumetorum

authorship: (A.Berger) E.F.Anderson

Opuntia depauperata

authorship: Britton & Rose

Opuntia hoffmannii

authorship: Bravo

Opuntia infesta

authorship: (F.Ritter) Iliff

Opuntia nana

authorship: Vis.

Opuntia tayapayensis

authorship: Cárdenas

Opuntia vulgaris f. nana

authorship: (Vis.) Schelle

Opuntia vulgaris var. nana

authorship: (Vis.) K.Schum.

Platyopuntia dumetorum

authorship: (A.Berger) F.Ritter

Platyopuntia nana

authorship: (Kunth) F.Ritter

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BOL CLM ECU GUA HON PAR PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Honduras

code: HON

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 714 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff.

published_in: Enum. Diagn. Cact. 149

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: opuntia-pumila

scientific: Opuntia pumila

authorship: Rose

epithet: pumila

published_in: in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 521. 1908.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Rose

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 521

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: opuntia-pycnantha

scientific: Opuntia pycnantha

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: pycnantha

Opuntia margaritana

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Baxter

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 423

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: opuntia-quimilo

scientific: Opuntia quimilo

epithet: quimilo

published_in: Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 746. 1897–1899.

Platyopuntia quimilo

authorship: (K.Schum.) F.Ritter

codes: AGE AGW BOL PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 265 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Figo-da-índia-vermelho Quimito

value: chamaephyte

value: 5 m

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 3[3]: 107, nomen

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: opuntia-quitensis

scientific: Opuntia quitensis

epithet: quitensis

Platyopuntia quitensis

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) F.Ritter

codes: CLM ECU PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: F.A.C.Weber in Bois


slug: opuntia-rastrera

scientific: Opuntia rastrera

epithet: rastrera

Opuntia engelmannii subsp. rastrera

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Guiggi

Opuntia engelmannii var. rastrera

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Pinkava

Opuntia lindheimeri var. lucens

authorship: (Griffiths) Scheinvar

Opuntia lucens

authorship: Griffiths

codes: MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cuija
nopal rastrero

names: フクロウウチワ（梟団扇） 白槍団扇

published_in: Dict. Hort. [Bois] 2: 896

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-repens

scientific: Opuntia repens

authorship: Bello

epithet: repens

published_in: in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 277. 1881.

preferred: roving pricklypear

source: usda

Opuntia borinquensis

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: DOM HAI LEE PUE

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

region: Caribbean

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 169 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: subshrub

authors: Bello

published_in: Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. x. (1881) 277

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol OPRE2

license: public domain


slug: opuntia-retrorsa

scientific: Opuntia retrorsa

authorship: Speg.

epithet: retrorsa

published_in: in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3 4: 571. 1905.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZC PAR URU

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Speg.

published_in: Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires ser. 3, 4: 517

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: opuntia-robusta

scientific: Opuntia robusta

authorship: Pfeiff.

epithet: robusta

Opuntia albicans

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia flavicans

authorship: Lem.

Opuntia larreyi

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.

Opuntia prate

authorship: Sabine ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia robusta var. albicans

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Schelle

Opuntia robusta var. guerrana

authorship: (Griffiths) Sánchez-Mej.

Opuntia robusta var. larreyi

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Bravo

Opuntia robusta var. longiglochidiata

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia robusta var. megalarthra

authorship: (Rose) K.Hammer

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus sonorus
Halictus farinosus

partners:
Atta mexicana
Bombus sonorus
Cactophagus spinolae
Halictus farinosus

value: May-Jul

published_in: Enum. Diagn. Cact. 165


slug: opuntia-rufida

scientific: Opuntia rufida

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: rufida

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298. 1856.

preferred: Blind Pricklypear

english:
Blind Pricklypear
blind pricklypear

Opuntia microdasys subsp. rufida

authorship: (Engelm.) U.Guzmán & Mandujano

Opuntia microdasys var. rufida

authorship: (Engelm.) K.Schum.

codes: MXE TEX

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 954 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blind pricklypear
blind-cactus

names:
Nopal Rojizo
Nopal cegador

names: 红毛掌 赤乌帽子

names: アカエボシ（赤烏帽子） 夢想剣

partners:
Battus philenor
Euphoria kernii

value: woody

authors: Engelm.


slug: opuntia-santa-rita

scientific: Opuntia santa-rita

authorship: (Griffiths & Hare) Rose

epithet: santa-rita

published_in: in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52(2): 195. 1909.

preferred: Santa Rita Prickly Pear

english:
Santa Rita Prickly Pear
Santa Rita pricklypear

Opuntia chlorotica var. santa-rita

authorship: Griffiths & Hare

Opuntia gosseliniana subsp. santa-rita

authorship: (Griffiths & Hare) Guiggi

Opuntia gosseliniana var. santa-rita

authorship: (Griffiths & Hare) L.D.Benson

names: Опунция крупноколючковая

value: tree

authors: (Griffiths & Hare) Rose

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52: 195, pl. 15

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: opuntia-scheeri

scientific: Opuntia scheeri

epithet: scheeri

codes: MXE MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Data Deficient

names:
Nopal de tuna colorada
nopal viejo

names: Опунция Шеера

published_in: Dict. Hort. [Bois] 2: 895


slug: opuntia-soederstromiana

scientific: Opuntia soederstromiana

authorship: Britton & Rose

epithet: soederstromiana

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 671 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

authors: Britton & Rose

published_in: Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) 1: 154, 221, fig. 294

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-stenopetala

scientific: Opuntia stenopetala

epithet: stenopetala

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 289. 1856.

Opuntia glaucescens

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia grandis

authorship: Pfeiff.

Opuntia stenopetala var. inerme

authorship: Bravo

codes: MXG MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 413 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nopal de ribera
Nopal rastrero

names: Опунция узколепестная

label: Flower-visited by

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts iii. (1857) 289


slug: opuntia-streptacantha

scientific: Opuntia streptacantha

authorship: Lem.

epithet: streptacantha

Opuntia arcei

authorship: Cárdenas

Opuntia castillae

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia streptacantha subsp. aguirriana

authorship: Scheinvar & A.Rodr.

Opuntia streptacantha var. pachona

authorship: (Griffiths) K.Hammer

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS GUA

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 628 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Gracemere-pear Westwood-pear

names:
Nopal Cardón
cardón

label: Eaten by

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

authors: Lem.

published_in: Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 62

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-stricta

scientific: Opuntia stricta

authorship: (Haw.) Haw.

epithet: stricta

preferred: Erect Prickly Pear

english:
Erect Prickly Pear
Erect Prickly-Pear
Erect Pricklypear
erect pricklypear

Cactus chilensis

authorship: Colla

Cactus chinensis

authorship: Roxb.

Cactus opuntia var. inermis

authorship: DC.

Cactus strictus

authorship: Haw.

Opuntia airampo

authorship: Phil.

Opuntia balearica

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex Hirscht

Opuntia bartramii

authorship: Raf.

Opuntia chinensis

authorship: (Roxb.) K.Koch

Opuntia dillenii var. reitzii

authorship: Scheinvar

Opuntia inermis

authorship: (DC.) DC.

Opuntia keyensis

authorship: Britton ex Small

Opuntia magnifica

authorship: Small

Opuntia melanosperma

authorship: Svenson

Opuntia stricta var. reitzii

authorship: (Scheinvar) Scheinvar & A.Rodr.

Opuntia tunoidea

authorship: Gibbes

Pilocereus flavispinus

authorship: Rümpler

codes: MYA ALA FLA GEO LOU MXG MXE MXT MXS SCA TEX

Myanmar

code: MYA

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2015 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Erect Prickly Pear
Erect Prickly-Pear

names:
Nopal Estricto
Nopal de caballo

names: 仙人掌 无刺团扇

names: Опунция сжатая

names:
Nopal érigé
Oponce

partners:
Andrena
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Oxythyrea funesta
Anthidium
Anthidium septemspinosum
Camponotus aethiops
Dasytidae

partners:
Apis mellifera
Andrena
Anthidium
Bombus terrestris
Lasioglossum
Oedemera flavipes
Rhodanthidium sticticum
Scolia

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Apis mellifera
Aratinga nana
Bombus sonorus
Bombycilla cedrorum
Cactoblastis cactorum
Cactoblastis ronnai
Campylorhynchus rufinucha

partners:
Achlysiella williamsi
Hemicriconemoides


slug: opuntia-strigil

scientific: Opuntia strigil

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: strigil

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 290. 1856.

preferred: Marble-fruit Prickly-pear

english:
Marble-fruit Prickly-pear
marblefruit pricklypear

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit

value: perennial

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts iii. (1857) 290


slug: opuntia-sulphurea

scientific: Opuntia sulphurea

authorship: Gillies ex Salm-Dyck

epithet: sulphurea

Cactus sulphureus

authorship: Gillies ex Loudon

Opuntia albisetosa

authorship: Hildm. ex Hirscht

Opuntia brachyacantha

authorship: (F.Ritter) R.Crook & Mottram

Opuntia brunnescens

authorship: Britton & Rose

Opuntia coerulea

authorship: Gillies ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia hildemanii

authorship: Frič

Opuntia maelenii

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia pampeana

authorship: Speg.

Opuntia sericea

authorship: G.Don ex Salm-Dyck

Opuntia sulphurea subsp. brachyacantha

authorship: (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves

Opuntia sulphurea subsp. vulpina

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Guiggi

Opuntia sulphurea var. hildemanii

authorship: (Frič) Backeb.

Opuntia sulphurea var. major

authorship: Monv. ex Lem.

Opuntia sulphurea var. pampeana

authorship: (Speg.) Backeb.

name: Platyopuntia spinibarbis var. grandiflora

Platyopuntia sulphurea

authorship: (Gillies ex Loudon) F.Ritter

codes: AGE AGW AGS BOL URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1842 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Опунция серно-жёлтая

partners:
Arhysosage ochracea
Centris brethesi
Trichothurgus laticeps

partners:
Arhysosage ochracea
Cactoblastis doddi
Centris brethesi
Leptoglossus crassicornis
Salambona analamprella
Trichothurgus laticeps

label: Woodiness

value: CAM


slug: opuntia-tapona

scientific: Opuntia tapona

authorship: Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.

epithet: tapona

published_in: in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 423. 1896.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 423

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: opuntia-tomentosa

scientific: Opuntia tomentosa

epithet: tomentosa

published_in: Observ. Bot. Hort. Dyck. 3: 8. 1822.

preferred: Velvety tree pear

english:
Velvety tree pear
Woollyjoint Pricklypear
woollyjoint pricklypear

Cactus hernandezii

authorship: (DC.) Oken

Cactus sylvestris

authorship: Lancry

Cactus tomentosus

authorship: Link

Nopal silvestre

authorship: Thierry ex Rümpler

Nopalea sylvestre

authorship: Thierry-Menonv.

Opuntia hernandezii

authorship: DC.

Opuntia icterica

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia macdougaliana

authorship: Rose

Opuntia sarca

authorship: Griffiths ex Scheinvar

Opuntia tomentosa var. hernandezii

authorship: (DC.) Bravo

Opuntia tomentosa var. herrerae

authorship: Scheinvar

Opuntia tomentosa var. rileyi

authorship: (J.G.Ortega) Backeb.

Opuntia velutina var. macdougaliana

authorship: (Rose) Bravo

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1942 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Velvety tree pear
woollyjoint pricklypear

names:
Nopal Chamacuerito
Lengua de vaca

names: Опунция войлочная

names: カヅノウチワ（鹿角団扇） クモノスウチワ（蜘蛛の巣団扇）

names:
Oponce tomenteux
Oponce tomenteux, Opuntia tomenteux

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus sonorus
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Pseudomyrmex championi

partners:
Cactoblastis cactorum
Otospermophilus variegatus
Spinus psaltria

label: Height


slug: opuntia-tortispina

scientific: Opuntia tortispina

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

epithet: tortispina

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 293. 1856.

codes: COL KAN NEB NWM OKL TEX WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Kansas

code: KAN

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 294 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bigroot Pricky Pear
Grassland Pricklypear

names:
Nopal Raizudo
nopal enano

names: Опунция Крупнокорневая

names: ダイコンウチワ（大根団扇）

names:
/
Oponce des prairies

partners:
Diadasia australis
Lithurgopsis apicalis

value: non-woody

authors: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 3): 41


slug: opuntia-velutina

scientific: Opuntia velutina

epithet: velutina

published_in: in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 389–390. 1904.

Opuntia velutina var. affinis

authorship: (Griffiths) Bravo

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

published_in: Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 389

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-woodsii

scientific: Opuntia woodsii

authorship: Backeb.

epithet: woodsii

names:
Brown-spined Prickly-pear
Brownspine Pricklypear

names:
Nopal Pardo
Nopal de Chihuahua

names: Опунция тёмноколючковая

names: アラエビス（荒戎） タムラ（田村）

names:
/
Oponce a epines sombres

authors: Backeb.

published_in: Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 10

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: orania-trispatha

scientific: Orania trispatha

authorship: (J.Dransf. & N.W.Uhl) Beentje & J.Dransf.

genus: Orania

epithet: trispatha

family: Arecaceae

published_in: Palms Madagascar : 118 (1995)

Halmoorea trispatha

authorship: J.Dransf. & N.W.Uhl

Madagascar

code: MDG

continent: AFRICA

region: Western Indian Ocean

climate: wet tropical

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

value: phanerophyte

published_in: Palms Madagascar 118

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orbea-carnosa

scientific: Orbea carnosa

authorship: (Stent) Bruyns

genus: Orbea

epithet: carnosa

family: Apocynaceae

Caralluma carnosa

authorship: Stent

Caralluma fosteri

authorship: Pillans

Caralluma schweickerdtii

authorship: Oberm.

Pachycymbium carnosum

authorship: (Stent) L.C.Leach

Pachycymbium keithii

authorship: (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach

Pachycymbium lancasteri

authorship: Lavranos

codes: BOT SWZ NAT MOZ TVL ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

authors: (Stent) Bruyns


slug: orbea-cooperi

scientific: Orbea cooperi

authorship: (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach

epithet: cooperi

Stapeliopsis cooperi

authorship: (N.E.Br.) E.Phillips

codes: CPP OFS TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

authors: (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach


slug: orbea-lutea

scientific: Orbea lutea

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Bruyns

epithet: lutea

Caralluma brownii

authorship: Dinter & A.Berger

Caralluma hahnii

authorship: Nel

Caralluma lateritia var. stevensonii

authorship: A.C.White & B.Sloane

Caralluma lutea var. lateritia

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Nel

Caralluma pseudonebrownii

authorship: Dinter

Caralluma vaga

authorship: (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane

Caralluma vansonii

authorship: Bremek. & Oberm.

Orbeopsis lateritia

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Plowes

Orbeopsis pseudonebrownii

authorship: (Dinter) Plowes

Orbeopsis pseudonebrownii var. discolor

authorship: (Nel) Plowes

codes: ANG BOT CPP OFS NAT NAM TVL ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Calliphora
Sarcophaga sp.

authors: (N.E.Br.) Bruyns


slug: orbea-melanantha

scientific: Orbea melanantha

authorship: (Schltr.) Bruyns

epithet: melanantha

Caralluma melanantha

authorship: (Schltr.) N.E.Br.

Caralluma melanantha var. sousae

authorship: Gomes e Sousa

Caralluma rubiginosa

authorship: Werderm.

Orbeopsis melanantha

authorship: (Schltr.) L.C.Leach

Orbeopsis sousae

authorship: (Gomes e Sousa) Plowes

Stapelia melanantha

authorship: Schltr.

codes: MOZ TVL ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 黑花水牛角 黑花类牛角

authors: (Schltr.) Bruyns


slug: orbea-namaquensis

scientific: Orbea namaquensis

authorship: (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach

epithet: namaquensis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Lucilia sericata
Musca curviforceps
Sarcophaga sp.


slug: orbea-tapscottii

scientific: Orbea tapscottii

authorship: (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach

epithet: tapscottii

Stultitia tapscottii

authorship: (I.Verd.) E.Phillips

codes: BOT TVL

authors: (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach


slug: orbea-variegata

scientific: Orbea variegata

authorship: (L.) Haw.

epithet: variegata

preferred: carrion-flower

source: wikidata

Orbea anguinea

authorship: Haw.

Orbea clypeata

authorship: (Donn ex Jacq.) Haw.

Orbea conspurcata

authorship: (Willd.) Schult.

Orbea irrorata

authorship: (Masson) L.C.Leach

Orbea lepida

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

Orbea maculosa

authorship: Donn ex Haw.

Orbea marmorata

authorship: (Jacq.) Schult.

Orbea mixta

authorship: (Masson) Haw.

Orbea orbicularis

authorship: (Andrews) Haw.

Orbea picta

authorship: (Donn ex Sims) Haw.

Orbea planiflora

authorship: (Jacq.) G.Don

Orbea trisulca

authorship: G.Don ex Steud.

Stapelia anguinea

authorship: (Haw.) Jacq.

Stapelia atrata

authorship: Tod.

Stapelia atropurpurea

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Stapelia beffoniana

authorship: Schult.

Stapelia bisulca

authorship: (Haw.) Donn ex Schult.

Stapelia bufonis

authorship: Sims

Stapelia clypeata

authorship: Donn ex Jacq.

Stapelia conspurcata

authorship: Willd.

Stapelia curtisii

authorship: (Haw.) Schult.

Stapelia hispida

authorship: Horn ex Rüst

Stapelia inodora

authorship: (Haw.) Decne.

Stapelia irrorata

authorship: Masson

Stapelia lepida

authorship: Jacq.

Stapelia maculosa

authorship: (Donn ex Haw.) Jacq.

Stapelia marginata

authorship: (Willd.) Willd.

Stapelia monstrosa

authorship: Steud.

Stapelia natalensis

authorship: Rüst

Stapelia orbicularis

authorship: Andrews

Stapelia orbiculata

authorship: Donn

Stapelia picta

authorship: Donn ex Sims

Stapelia rosea

authorship: (Rüst) A.Berger

Stapelia rufescens

authorship: (Dammann ex Rüst) A.Berger

Stapelia variegata

authorship: L.

Stissera anguina

authorship: (Jacq.) Kuntze

Stissera atropurpurea

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Kuntze

Stissera bisulca

authorship: (Haw.) Kuntze

Stissera clypeata

authorship: (Donn ex Jacq.) Kuntze

Stissera conspurcata

authorship: (Willd.) Kuntze

Stissera irrorata

authorship: (Masson) Kuntze

Stissera maculosa

authorship: (Donn ex Haw.) Kuntze

Stissera orbicularis

authorship: (Andrews) Kuntze

Stissera picta

authorship: (Donn) Kuntze

Stissera variegata

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 379 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
"grey flies"
Lucilia cuprina
Lucilia sericata
Musca domestica
Sarcophaga carnaria
Sarcophagidae sp.
unidentified


slug: orbexilum-onobrychis

scientific: Orbexilum onobrychis

authorship: (Nutt.) Rydb.

genus: Orbexilum

epithet: onobrychis

family: Fabaceae

preferred: French-grass

Lotodes onobrychis

authorship: (Nutt.) Kuntze

Orbexilum latifolia

authorship: Raf.

Psoralea latifolia

authorship: Torr.

Psoralea onobrychis

authorship: Nutt.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ALA ILL INI IOW KTY OHI TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Ohio

code: OHI

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 218 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: Jun-Jul

authors: (Nutt.) Rydb.

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orbexilum-pedunculatum

scientific: Orbexilum pedunculatum

authorship: (Mill.) Rydb.

epithet: pedunculatum

preferred: Sampson's snakeroot

Desmodium pedunculatum

authorship: (Mill.) DC.

Hedysarum pedunculatum

authorship: Mill.

name: Orbexilum pedunculatum var. eglandulosum

authorship: (Elliott) Isely

name: Orbexilum pedunculatum var. pedunculatum

Psoralea eglandulosa

authorship: Elliott

Psoralea pedunculata

authorship: (Mill.) Vail

Psoralea psoralioides var. eglandulosa

authorship: (Elliott) F.L.Freeman

codes: ALA FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MSI MSO NCA OHI OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1073 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthidium psoraleae
Xylocopa virginica

partners:
Cyclophora myrtaria
Cyclophora pendulinaria


slug: orbexilum-psoralioides

scientific: Orbexilum psoralioides

authorship: (Walter) Vincent

epithet: psoralioides

Lotodes psoralodes

authorship: (Walter) Kuntze

Orbexilum gracile

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb.

Orbexilum pedunculatum var. gracile

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) J.W.Grimes

name: Orbexilum pedunculatum var. psoralioides

authorship: (Walter) Isely

Psoralea gracilis

authorship: Chapm. ex Torr. & A.Gray

Psoralea melilotoides

authorship: Michx.

Psoralea melilotoides var. gracilis

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Psoralea melilotus

authorship: Pers.

Psoralea psoralioides

authorship: (Walter) Cory

Psoralea psoralioides var. gracilis

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) F.L.Freeman

Trifolium psoralioides

authorship: Walter

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Eastern Sampson's-Snakeroot
Sampson's snakeroot

value: May-Jun

authors: (Walter) Vincent

published_in: Phytoneuron 2014-36: 2

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orbexilum-simplex

scientific: Orbexilum simplex

authorship: (Nutt.) Rydb.

epithet: simplex

preferred: singlestem leather-root

Lotodes simplex

authorship: (Nutt.) Kuntze

Psoralea palustris

authorship: Bush

Psoralea simplex

authorship: Nutt.

codes: ALA ARK LOU OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
singlestem leather-root
Psoralea simplex

authors: (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb.

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orbexilum-virgatum

scientific: Orbexilum virgatum

epithet: virgatum

preferred: pineland leather-root

Psoralea simplicifolia

authorship: Baldwin ex Torr. & Gray.

codes: FLA GEO

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orchis-anatolica

scientific: Orchis anatolica

authorship: Boiss.

genus: Orchis

epithet: anatolica

family: Orchidaceae

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 56 (1844)

preferred: Anatolian orchid

Androrchis anatolica

authorship: (Boiss.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis troodi

authorship: (Renz) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Orchis anatolica f. rariflora

authorship: (K.Koch) Soó

Orchis anatolica subsp. troodi

authorship: (Renz) Renz

Orchis anatolica subvar. taurica

authorship: (Rchb.f.) E.G.Camus

Orchis anatolica var. troodi

authorship: Renz

Orchis quadripunctata subsp. anatolica

authorship: (Boiss.) Asch. & Graebn.

Orchis troodi

authorship: (Renz) P.Delforge

codes: CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL TUR GRC KRI

Cyprus

code: CYP

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Kriti

code: KRI

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 870 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: سحلب أناضولي

names: Ятрышник анатолийский

value: geophyte

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 5: 56

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: orchis-anthropophora

scientific: Orchis anthropophora

authorship: (L.) All.

epithet: anthropophora

preferred: Man orchid

Aceras anthropomorphum

authorship: (Pers.) Sm.

Aceras anthropophorum

authorship: (L.) W.T.Aiton

Aceras anthropophorum f. angustatum

authorship: (Rouy) Maire

Aceras anthropophorum f. apiculatum

authorship: Höppner

Aceras anthropophorum f. purpurata

authorship: Balayer

Aceras anthropophorum lus. flavescens

authorship: W.Zimm. ex Asch. & Graebn.

Aceras anthropophorum var. angustata

authorship: Rouy

Aceras anthropophorum var. balearicum

authorship: Chodat

Arachnites anthropophora

authorship: (L.) F.W.Schmidt

Himantoglossum anthropophorum

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

Loroglossum anthropophorum

authorship: (L.) Rich.

Loroglossum brachyglotte

authorship: Rich.

Ophrys anthropomorpha

authorship: Willd.

Ophrys anthropophora

authorship: L.

Satyrium anthropomorpha

authorship: Pers.

Satyrium anthropophora

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Serapias anthropophora

authorship: (L.) Jundz.

codes: ALG MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS TUR ALB AUT BAL BGM COR FRA GER GRB GRC ITA KRI YUG NET POR SAR SIC SPA SWI

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1944 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Orquídea hombre
Orquídea del hombre ahorcado

names:
Ацерас фигурный
Ацерас человеконосный

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: orchis-brancifortii

scientific: Orchis brancifortii

authorship: Biv.

epithet: brancifortii

published_in: Stirp. Rar. Sicilia 1: 3 (1813)

preferred: Branciforti's orchid

Anacamptis brancifortii

authorship: (Biv.) Lindl.

Anacamptis quadripunctata

authorship: Lindl.

Androrchis brancifortii

authorship: (Biv.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Orchis brancifortii f. maculata

authorship: J.Baláz & M.Baláz

Orchis quadripunctata f. brancifortii

authorship: (Biv.) Soó

name: Orchis quadripunctata subsp. brancifortii

authorship: (Biv.) E.G.Camus

codes: ITA SAR SIC

Sicilia

code: SIC

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

authors: Biv.

published_in: Stirp. Rar. Sicil. i. [11] t. 1. f. 1

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orchis-canariensis

scientific: Orchis canariensis

epithet: canariensis

Androrchis canariensis

authorship: (Lindl.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Barlia canariensis

authorship: (Lindl.) Szlach.

Orchis patens subsp. canariensis

authorship: (Lindl.) Asch. & Graebn.

Orchis patens var. canariensis

authorship: (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: pink

value: Feb-Apr

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 263

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orchis-galilaea

scientific: Orchis galilaea

authorship: (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr.

epithet: galilaea

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 47 (1923)

Orchis punctulata subsp. galilaea

authorship: (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Soó

Orchis punctulata var. galilaea

authorship: Bornm. & M.Schulze

codes: LBS PAL TUR

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 388 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ятрышник галилейский

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Schltr.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 47

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: orchis-italica

scientific: Orchis italica

authorship: Poir.

epithet: italica

Orchiaceras bivonae var. welwitschii

authorship: (Rchb.f.) P.Silva

Orchiaceras welwitschii

authorship: (Rchb.f.) E.G.Camus

Orchis fusca var. stenoloba

authorship: Coss. & Germ.

Orchis italica f. albiflora

authorship: Nicora ex Fiori & Paol.

Orchis italica f. breviloba

authorship: Halácsy

Orchis italica lus. maculata

authorship: Soó

Orchis italica var. sepalina

authorship: Garrote, Concepción & F.M.Vázquez

Orchis longicruris

authorship: Link

Orchis longicruris subsp. longipenis

authorship: Font Quer & P.Palau

Orchis purpurea subsp. stenoloba

authorship: (Coss. & Germ.) K.Richt.

Orchis purpurea var. stenoloba

authorship: (Coss. & Germ.) Willk.

authorship: (Coss. & Germ.) Rchb.f.

Orchis simia var. undulatifolia

authorship: (Biv.) Webb

Orchis tephrosanthos var. undulatifolia

authorship: (Biv.) Ker Gawl.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2049 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 意大利红门兰 義大利紅門蘭

names: Ятрышник итальянский

names:
Uomo nudo
Orchidea italiana

partners:
Leptometopa latipes
Thaumatomyia glabra

partners:
Dasyscolia ciliata
Tropinota squalida
Leptometopa latipes
Thaumatomyia glabra
Vanessa cardui


slug: orchis-laeta

scientific: Orchis laeta

authorship: Steinh.

epithet: laeta

Androrchis blidana

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) W.Foelsche & Jakely

Androrchis laeta

authorship: (Steinh.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis pauciflora subsp. laeta

authorship: (Steinh.) Véla, Rebbas & R.Martin

Orchis blidana

authorship: B.Baumann & H.Baumann

Orchis pauciflora subsp. laeta

authorship: (Steinh.) Kreutz

Orchis provincialis var. laeta

authorship: (Steinh.) Maire & Weiller

codes: ALG TUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

authors: Steinh.

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 9: 209


slug: orchis-mascula

scientific: Orchis mascula

epithet: mascula

preferred: Early Purple Orchid

english:
Early Purple Orchid
Early-purple Orchid

Androrchis ichnusae

authorship: (Corrias) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis langei

authorship: (Lange ex K.Richt.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis mascula

authorship: (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis mascula subsp. lapalmensis

authorship: (Leibbach & Ruedi Peter) W.Foelsche & Jakely

name: Androrchis mascula subsp. longicalcarata

authorship: (Akhalk., H.Baumann, R.Lorenz, Mosul. & Ruedi Peter) W.Foelsche & Jakely

Androrchis ovalis

authorship: (F.W.Schmidt) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis pinetorum

authorship: (Boiss. & Kotschy) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis scopulorum

authorship: (Summerh.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis tenera

authorship: (Landwehr) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Orchidactyla kromayeri

authorship: (M.Schulze) Borsos & Soó

Orchidactyla pentecostalis

authorship: (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó

Orchis cochleata

authorship: H.Fleischm. & M.Schulze

Orchis compressiflora

authorship: Stokes

Orchis glaucophylla

authorship: Kern.

Orchis hispanica

authorship: A.Niesch. & C.Niesch.

Orchis ichnusae

authorship: (Corrias) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Orchis langei

authorship: Lange ex K.Richt.

Orchis lapalmensis

authorship: (Leibbach & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge

Orchis mascula f. acutiflora

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) A.Fuchs

Orchis mascula f. albiflora

authorship: (Touss. & Hoschedé) F.M.Vázquez

Orchis mascula f. brevibracteata

authorship: Luerss.

Orchis mascula f. carnea

authorship: Mendonça & Vasc.

Orchis mascula f. cochleata

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & M.Schulze) Asch. & Graebn.

Orchis mascula f. kotuliana

authorship: Zapał.

Orchis mascula f. longicalcarata

authorship: (Akhalk., H.Baumann, R.Lorenz, Mosul. & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge

Orchis mascula f. longifolia

authorship: Landwehr

Orchis mascula f. maghrebiana

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) P.Delforge

Orchis mascula lus. alba

authorship: (Goiran) Soó

Orchis mascula subsp. acutiflora

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) P.Quentin

Orchis mascula subsp. hispanica

authorship: (A.Niesch. & C.Niesch.) Soó

name: Orchis mascula subsp. longibracteatoides

authorship: Balayer

Orchis mascula subsp. pinetorum

authorship: (Boiss. & Kotschy) E.G.Camus

Orchis mascula subsp. signifera

authorship: (Vest) Soó

Orchis mascula subsp. tenera

authorship: (Landwehr) Del Prete

Orchis mascula subsp. wanjkovii

authorship: (E.Wulff) Soó

Orchis mascula var. albiflora

authorship: Touss. & Hoschedé

authorship: Tinant

Orchis mascula var. glaucophylla

authorship: (Kern.) Nyman

Orchis mascula var. hostii

authorship: Patze, E.H.F.Mey. & Elkan

Orchis mascula var. monsignatica

authorship: Font Quer

Orchis mascula var. obtusata

authorship: Schur

Orchis mascula var. olivetorum

authorship: Martelli

Orchis mascula var. ovalis

authorship: (F.W.Schmidt) Rchb.

Orchis mascula var. pinetorum

authorship: (Boiss. & Kotschy) Schltr.

Orchis mascula var. signifera

authorship: (Vest) Steud. & Hochst.

Orchis mascula var. speciosa

authorship: Mutel

Orchis mascula var. tricornis

authorship: Loisel.

Orchis mascula var. wanjkovii

authorship: (E.Wulff) Fateryga & Kreutz

Orchis masculo-latifolia

authorship: Lange

Orchis monsignatica

authorship: (Font Quer) Rivas Goday

Orchis morio f. mascula

authorship: L.

Orchis olbiensis subsp. ichnusae

authorship: (Corrias) Buttler

Orchis pentecostalis

authorship: Wettst. & Sennholz

Orchis pinetorum

authorship: Boiss. & Kotschy

authorship: Lacaita

Orchis scopulorum

authorship: Summerh.

Orchis signifera

authorship: Vest

Orchis speciosa

authorship: Host

Orchis speciosa var. alba

authorship: Goiran

Orchis stabiana

authorship: Ten.

Orchis tenera

authorship: (Landwehr) Kreutz

Orchis verna

authorship: Fleury

Orchis vernalis

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ALG CNY MDR MOR EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1965 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ятрышник мужской

names:
Männliches Knabenkraut
Maennliche Orchis

names: Зозулинець чоловічий

names: Όρχις η άρρην

partners:
Bombus
Andrena dorsata
Andrena nigroaenea
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus muscorum
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Andrena nigroaenea
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus sylvarum
Bombus vestalis
Osmia bicolor
Scathophaga stercoraria

partners:
Achillea millefolium
Cruciata verna subsp. verna
Fragaria vesca
Neottia ovata
Rubus idaeus


slug: orchis-militaris

scientific: Orchis militaris

epithet: militaris

preferred: Military orchid

Orchis cinerea

authorship: Schrank

Orchis galeata

authorship: Poir.

Orchis militaris f. angustiloba

authorship: Leimbach

Orchis militaris f. arenaria

authorship: Schur

Orchis militaris f. intercedens

authorship: Beck

Orchis militaris f. minor

authorship: Gaudin

Orchis militaris f. raddeana

authorship: (Regel) Boiss.

Orchis militaris f. sibirica

authorship: Schltr.

Orchis militaris f. stenoloba

authorship: Döll

Orchis militaris subsp. galeata

authorship: (Poir.) Bonnier & Layens

Orchis militaris subsp. major

authorship: Ehrh.

Orchis militaris var. berdaui

authorship: Zapał.

Orchis militaris var. galeata

authorship: (Poir.) Lindl.

Orchis militaris var. nervata

authorship: (Marchand) Nyman

authorship: (Marchand) Tinant

Orchis militaris var. spathulata

authorship: Cortesi

Orchis militaris var. stevenii

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Nyman

Orchis mimusops

authorship: Thuill.

Orchis nervata

authorship: Marchand

Orchis punctulata subsp. stevenii

authorship: (Rchb.f.) H.Sund.

Orchis raddeana

authorship: Regel

Orchis rivini

authorship: Gouan

Orchis rivini var. albiflora

authorship: Thielens

Orchis rivini var. stenoloba

authorship: Marchal

Orchis simia subsp. stevenii

authorship: (Rchb.f.) E.G.Camus, Bergon & A.Camus

authorship: (Rchb.f.) E.G.Camus

Orchis tephrosanthos var. caucasica

authorship: Steven ex Rchb.f.

Orchis tephrosanthos var. macrophylla

authorship: Lindl.

Orchis tephrosanthos var. militaris

authorship: (L.) Loisel.

Zoophora atropurpurea

authorship: Bernh.

codes: AFG ALT BRY CTA IRN IRK KAZ KRA MON NCS TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX YAK ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG RUN RUW POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Iran

code: IRN

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2035 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 四裂红门兰 四裂红门兰}}

names: Ятрышник шлемоносный

names: Зозулинець шоломоносний

names:
Bruņcepuru dzegužpuķ
bruncepuru dzeguzpuke

partners:
Bombus
Syrphidae
Andrena angustior
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombus vestalis
Lasioglossum pauxillum

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus vestalis
Pieris brassicae
Pieris napi
Platycheirus scutatus
Scathophaga stercoraria
Baccha

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Anthocharis cardamines
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus


slug: orchis-olbiensis

scientific: Orchis olbiensis

authorship: Reut. ex Gren.

epithet: olbiensis

published_in: Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs, sér. 3, 3: 6 (1859)

Androrchis olbiensis

authorship: (Reut. ex Gren.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Orchis mascula prol. olbiensis

authorship: (Reut. ex Gren.) Rouy

Orchis mascula subsp. olbiensis

authorship: (Reut. ex Gren.) Asch. & Graebn.

Orchis mascula var. olbiensis

authorship: (Reut. ex Gren.) Nyman

Orchis olivetorum

authorship: Gren. ex Nyman

authorship: Gren.

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA POR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 789 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Orchis de Hyères
Orchis d'Hyères

authors: Reut. ex Gren.

published_in: Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs ser. 3, 4: 404


slug: orchis-pallens

scientific: Orchis pallens

authorship: L.

epithet: pallens

preferred: Pale orchid

Androrchis pallens

authorship: (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Orchis sulphurea

authorship: Sims

codes: NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL ROM SPA SWI UKR

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2010 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pale orchid
Pale-flowered Orchid

names: Ятрышник бледный

names:
Blasses Knabenkraut
Bleiches Knabenkraut

names:
Orchis pâle
Orchis pale

names: Зозулинець блідий

names: бледен салеп

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)


slug: orchis-patens

scientific: Orchis patens

authorship: Desf.

epithet: patens

Androrchis patens

authorship: (Desf.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Barlia patens

authorship: (Desf.) Szlach.

Orchis brevicornis

authorship: Viv.

Orchis brevicornis var. panormitana

authorship: (Tineo) Nyman

Orchis panormitana

authorship: Tineo

Orchis patens subsp. brevicornis

authorship: (Viv.) K.Richt.

Orchis patens var. brevicornis

authorship: (Viv.) Rchb.f.

codes: ALG TUN ITA

Algeria

code: ALG

Tunisia

code: TUN

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ятрышник поникший

source: GIFT

authors: Desf.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: orchis-pauciflora

scientific: Orchis pauciflora

authorship: Ten.

epithet: pauciflora

published_in: Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): LII (1812)

Androrchis pauciflora

authorship: (Ten.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Orchis provincialis prol. pauciflora

authorship: (Ten.) Rouy

Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora

authorship: (Ten.) Lindl.

Orchis provincialis var. humilior

authorship: Puccin.

Orchis provincialis var. pauciflora

authorship: (Ten.) Batt.

codes: ALB COR GRC ITA KRI YUG

Corse

code: COR

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Few-flowered Orchid
Sparse-flowered Orchid

names: Понерорхис малоцветковая

names: Orchis pauciflore, Orchis à fleurs peu nombreuses

label: Life cycle

authors: Ten.

published_in: Fl. Napol. lii

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: orchis-provincialis

scientific: Orchis provincialis

authorship: Balb. ex Lam. & DC.

epithet: provincialis

preferred: Provence orchid

Androrchis provincialis

authorship: (Balb. ex Lam. & DC.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein

Androrchis provincialis var. rubra

authorship: (Chabert) W.Foelsche & Jakely

Orchis leucostachya

authorship: Griseb.

Orchis mascula

authorship: Alsch.

Orchis morio var. provincialis

authorship: (Balb. ex Lam. & DC.) Pollini

Orchis olbiensis

authorship: Ardoino ex Moggr.

Orchis pallens

authorship: Savi

Orchis pallens subsp. provincialis

authorship: (Balb. ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens

Orchis pauciflora var. pseudopallens

authorship: (Tod.) Nyman

Orchis provincialis subvar. cyrnaea

authorship: Briq.

Orchis provincialis var. cyrnea

authorship: (Briq.) Rouy

Orchis provincialis var. leucostachya

authorship: (Griseb.) Nyman

Orchis provincialis var. rubra

authorship: Chabert

Orchis pseudopallens

authorship: Tod.

codes: EAI NCS TCS TUR ALB BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR SIC SPA SWI

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

France

code: FRA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1525 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ятрышник прованский

names:
Orchide di Provenza
Orchide gialla

names:
Зозулинець провансальський
Зозулинець прованський

names: Провански салеп

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bombus
Bombus terrestris
Tropinota squalida

partners:
Diaspis boisduvalii
Malacosoma castrensis
Syricoris rivulana