slug: viola-pekinensis

scientific: Viola pekinensis

authorship: (Regel) W.Becker

epithet: pekinensis

Viola kamtschatica var. pekinensis

authorship: Regel

Viola mongolica f. longisepala

authorship: P.Y.Fu & Y.C.Teng

codes: CHN CHS CHI KOR CHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 北京堇菜 拟弱距堇菜

value: May-Jun

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 34(2): 251

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-perreniformis

scientific: Viola perreniformis

authorship: (L.G.Adams) R.J.Little & Leiper

genus: Viola

epithet: perreniformis

family: Violaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Austrobaileya 9: 82 (2013)

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

authors: (L.G.Adams) R.J.Little & Leiper

published_in: Austrobaileya 9(1): 82

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: viola-phalacrocarpa

scientific: Viola phalacrocarpa

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: phalacrocarpa

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 23: 318 (1877)

Viola conilii

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Viola ishidoyana

authorship: Nakai

Viola nipponica

authorship: Makino

codes: CHI JAP KOR CHM PRM

Inner Mongolia

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Red-flower violet
Seoul violet

names: 茜堇菜 白果堇菜

names: Фиалка лысоплодная

names: アカネスミレ akane-sumire

names: 서울제비꽃 털제비꽃

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: May

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xxiii. (1877) 318

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-philippica

scientific: Viola philippica

authorship: Cav.

epithet: philippica

Viola alisoviana

authorship: Kiss

Viola alisoviana f. candida

authorship: (Kitag.) Taken.

Viola chinensis f. alboviolacea

authorship: Skvortsov

Viola longistipulata

authorship: Hayata

Viola philippica f. candida

authorship: (Kitag.) Kitag.

Viola stenocentra

authorship: Hayata ex Nakai

Viola yedoensis f. candida

authorship: Kitag.

Viola yedoensis f. pallescens

authorship: (K.Nakaj.) K.Nakaj.

Viola yedoensis var. pseudojaponica

authorship: (Nakai) Hashimoto ex E.Hama

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS CHH CHI JAP KOR CHM MON NNS PRM TAI ASS BOR CBD IND JAW LAO LSI MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM VIE WHM

Amur

code: AMU

China South-Central

code: CHC

Hainan

code: CHH

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 368 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.


slug: viola-pilosa

scientific: Viola pilosa

authorship: Blume

epithet: pilosa

published_in: Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (Blume) 57. 1823 [Feb-Sep 1823]

Viola aspera

authorship: Ging.

Viola blumei

authorship: Korth.

Viola buchaniana

authorship: DC. ex D.Don

Viola burgersdijkii

authorship: Oudem.

Viola griffithiana

authorship: Boiss.

Viola palmaris

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Ging.

Viola serpens

authorship: Wall. ex Ging.

codes: AFG CHC CHS CHT ASS EHM IND JAW LSI MOL MYA NEP PAK SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China Southeast

code: CHS

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names: 冷毒草 匍匐堇菜

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-pinetorum

scientific: Viola pinetorum

authorship: Greene

epithet: pinetorum

preferred: goosefoot yellow violet

source: wikidata

Viola purpurea subsp. xerophyta

authorship: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

Viola purpurea var. grisea

authorship: Jeps.

California

code: CAL

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
goosefoot yellow violet
Goosefoot Violet

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

authors: Greene

published_in: Pittonia 2(7): 14

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: viola-pinnata

scientific: Viola pinnata

authorship: L.

epithet: pinnata

codes: AUT FRA ITA YUG SWI

Austria

code: AUT

continent: EUROPE

region: Middle Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Switzerland

code: SWI

names: Фиалка перистая

names:
Fiederblaettriges Veilchen
Fiederblättriges Veilchen

names:
Violette pennee
Violette pennée

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Chrysomela vigintipunctata

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: L.


slug: viola-polypoda

scientific: Viola polypoda

authorship: Turcz.

epithet: polypoda

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(I): 555 (1863)

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

lifeform: annual

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Turcz.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 555

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-portalesia

scientific: Viola portalesia

authorship: Gay

epithet: portalesia

Viola berteroniana

authorship: Steud.

codes: CLC CLN CLS

Chile South

code: CLS

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 211 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Acrophthalmyda paulseni
Amecocerus alutaceithorax
Amecocerus aluthaceithorax
Amecocerus elguetai
Arthrobrachus nigromaculatus
Bombus dahlbomii
Bombus terrestris
Caenopangonia brevirostris

value: shrub

value: subshrub

value: woody

authors: Gay


slug: viola-praemorsa

scientific: Viola praemorsa

authorship: Douglas

epithet: praemorsa

preferred: canary violet

Viola flavovirens

authorship: Pollard

Viola linguifolia

authorship: Nutt.

Viola nuttallii subsp. praemorsa

authorship: (Douglas) Piper

Viola nuttallii var. linguifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) Piper

Viola nuttallii var. major

authorship: Hook.

Viola nuttallii var. praemorsa

authorship: (Douglas) S.Watson

Viola praemorsa subsp. flavovirens

authorship: (Pollard) Fabijan

Viola praemorsa subsp. linguifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) M.S.Baker

Viola praemorsa subsp. major

authorship: (Hook.) M.S.Baker

Viola praemorsa var. altior

authorship: Blank.

Viola praemorsa var. linguifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) M.Peck

Viola vallicola var. major

authorship: (Hook.) Fabijan

Viola xylorrhiza

authorship: Suksd.

codes: ABT BRC CAL COL IDA MNT NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
canary violet
Astoria violet

partners:
Andrena cyanophila
Bombus bifarius
Bombus sitkensis
halictidae_green_spp_1
Halictus virgatellus
Lasioglossum
Osmia coloradensis
Osmia iridis


slug: viola-primulifolia

scientific: Viola primulifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: primulifolia

preferred: Primrose leaved violet

Viola acuta

authorship: Bigelow

Viola gronovii

authorship: Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola lanceolata subsp. occidentalis

authorship: (A.Gray) N.H.Russell

Viola occidentalis

authorship: Howell

Viola primulifolia subsp. occidentalis

authorship: (A.Gray) L.E.McKinney & R.J.Little

Viola primulifolia subsp. villosa

authorship: (Eaton) N.H.Russell

Viola primulifolia var. acuta

authorship: (Bigelow) Torr. & A.Gray

Viola primulifolia var. villosa

authorship: Eaton

Viola reptabunda

authorship: Greene

codes: ALA ARK CAL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ORE PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1986 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Primrose leaved violet
Primrose-leaf Violet


slug: viola-prionantha

scientific: Viola prionantha

authorship: Bunge

epithet: prionantha

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 82 (1835)

Viola prionantha var. sylvatica

authorship: Kitag.

Viola prionantha var. trichantha

authorship: Ching J.Wang

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS CHI KHA CHM PRM CHQ

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 553 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 冷毒草 早开堇菜

names: Фиалка зубчатоцветковая

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Macroglossum stellatarum
Pieris rapae

value: Apr-Jun

authors: Bunge

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. [A.A. von Bunge] 8


slug: viola-pubescens

scientific: Viola pubescens

authorship: Aiton

epithet: pubescens

preferred: Smooth Yellow Violet

english:
Smooth Yellow Violet
downy yellow violet

source: inat

Crocion achlydophyllum

authorship: (Greene) Kaczm.

Crocion eriocarpum

authorship: Nieuwl. & Kaczm.

Viola eriocarpa

authorship: Schwein.

Viola eriocarpa f. leiocarpa

authorship: (Fernald & Wiegand) Deam

Viola eriocarpa var. leiocarpa

authorship: Fernald & Wiegand

Viola eriocarpa var. sessilis

authorship: Clute

Viola pensylvanica

authorship: Michx.

Viola pensylvanica var. leiocarpa

authorship: (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald

Viola pubescens f. achlydophylla

authorship: Farw.

Viola pubescens f. peckii

authorship: (House) Levesque & Dans.

Viola pubescens var. eriocarpa

authorship: Nutt.

authorship: (Schwein.) N.H.Russell

Viola pubescens var. leiocarpa

authorship: (Fernald & Wiegand) B.Boivin

Viola pubescens var. peckii

authorship: House

Viola uniflora var. pubescens

authorship: (Aiton) Regel

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 584 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
downy yellow violet
Common Yellow Violet

partners:
Andrena carlini
Atholus americanus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Centrinites strigicollis
Ceratina dupla
Chrysis texana
Colletes willistoni
Lasioglossum coriaceum

partners:
Andrena carlini
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombylius major
Ceratina dupla
Eucera belfragei
Anthocharis midea
Anthophora ursina

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: viola-pumila

scientific: Viola pumila

authorship: Chaix

epithet: pumila

published_in: Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 1: 339 (1786)

Viola lancea

authorship: Poir.

Viola pratensis

authorship: Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

codes: KAZ KGZ TCS UZB AUT BUL RUC CZE FRA GER HUN ITA KRY YUG POL ROM RUS SWE SWI UKR

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Sweden

code: SWE

region: Northern Europe

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 229 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Zwerg-Veilchen
Niedriges Veilchen

names:
Petite violette
Violette naine

names: Фіалка низька

partners:
Ametastegia pallipes
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca
Argynnis aglaja
Barynotus moerens
Barynotus obscurus
Boloria napaea
Boloria pales


slug: viola-purpurea

scientific: Viola purpurea

authorship: Kellogg

epithet: purpurea

preferred: Goosefoot violet

english: purple-marked yellow violet (goosefoot violet)

Viola atriplicifolia

authorship: Greene

Viola atriplicifolia var. thorii

authorship: (A.Nelson) A.Nelson

Viola aurea subsp. arizonensis

authorship: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

Viola praemorsa var. venosa

authorship: (S.Watson) A.Gray

Viola purpurea subsp. atriplicifolia

authorship: (Greene) M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

Viola purpurea subsp. aurea

authorship: (Kellogg) J.C.Clausen

Viola purpurea subsp. mohavensis

authorship: (M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen) J.C.Clausen

Viola purpurea subsp. venosa

authorship: (S.Watson) M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

Viola purpurea var. atriplicifolia

authorship: (Greene) M.Peck

Viola purpurea var. geophyta

authorship: (M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen) J.T.Howell

Viola venosa

authorship: (S.Watson) Rydb.

codes: ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXN MNT NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2008 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena violae
Formica

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Speyeria egleis
Speyeria hydaspe


slug: viola-pusilla

scientific: Viola pusilla

authorship: Poepp.

epithet: pusilla

Viola asterias

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Viola asterias var. atacamensis

authorship: Phil.

Viola stellata

authorship: Miers

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Poepp.

published_in: in Froriep, Notiz. Gebiet Natur-u. Heilk. Ser. I, xxiii. 277 (1829), in adnot

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-pygmaea

scientific: Viola pygmaea

authorship: Juss. ex Poir.

epithet: pygmaea

codes: AGW BOL ECU PER

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Juss. ex Poir.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 8: 630


slug: viola-pyrenaica

scientific: Viola pyrenaica

authorship: Ramond ex DC.

epithet: pyrenaica

Viola prenja

authorship: Beck

Viola pyrenaica subsp. montserratii

authorship: Fern.Casado & Nava

codes: NCS TCS ALB AUT BUL FRA GER GRC ITA YUG SPA SWI

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

names: Pyrenäen-Veilchen Pyrenaeen-Veilchen

names:
Violette des Pyrenees
Violette des Pyrénées

authors: Ramond ex DC.

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 4: 803


slug: viola-rafinesquei

scientific: Viola rafinesquei

authorship: Greene

epithet: rafinesquei

Mnemion rafinesquei

authorship: (Greene) Nieuwl.

Mnemion tenellum

authorship: Webb

Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii

authorship: (Greene) Fernald

codes: ALA ARI ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

region: Western Canada

South Carolina

code: SCA

South Dakota

code: SDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2071 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: بنفسج ثنائي اللون

names: Фиалка двуцветная

partners:
Anthocharis midea
Osmia taurus
Toxomerus marginatus


slug: viola-reichei

scientific: Viola reichei

authorship: Skottsb. ex Macloskie

epithet: reichei

published_in: Rep. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, Botany 8(Suppl.): 176 (1915)

preferred: Chilean yellow violet

english:
Chilean yellow violet
Patagonian yellow violet
Reiche violet

Viola maculata subsp. reichei

authorship: (Skottsb.) Weibel

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 263 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Skottsb. ex Macloskie

published_in: Rep. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, Botany 8, Suppl. 176

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-reichenbachiana

scientific: Viola reichenbachiana

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

epithet: reichenbachiana

published_in: Fl. Centre France, ed. 3, 2: 78 (1857)

preferred: early dog-violet

Viola arenicola

authorship: Chabert

Viola degener

authorship: Schweigg. ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Viola formosa

authorship: Vuk.

Viola leucocentra

authorship: (Pinkw.) Pinkw.

Viola sylvestris

authorship: Lam.

Viola vicina

authorship: Martrin-Donos

Viola vulgaris

authorship: Rupr.

Viola wettsteinii

authorship: Richt.

codes: ALG MOR EAI IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL COR CZE DEN FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POL POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка Рейхенбаха

names: Violette de Reichenbach, Violette des bois

names: بنفشه زودرس سگی

names: Фіалка Рейхенбаха

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthophora dispar
Bombus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Aglais io
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Anthocharis cardamines

partners:
Golovinomyces orontii
Peronospora violae
Puccinia violae


slug: viola-renifolia

scientific: Viola renifolia

epithet: renifolia

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 288 (1870)

preferred: white violet

Viola blanda var. renifolia

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Gray

Viola renifolia var. brainerdii

authorship: Fernald

codes: ASK ABT BRC COL CNT IDA IOW LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWY NFL NWT NSC NUN ONT PEN PEI QUE SAS SDA VER WAS WIS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Iowa

code: IOW

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 963 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
violette réniforme
violette trousse-dents


slug: viola-riviniana

scientific: Viola riviniana

authorship: Rchb.

epithet: riviniana

published_in: Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 81 (1823)

preferred: common dog-violet

Viola broussonetiana

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Viola guffroyi

authorship: Rouy

Viola puberula

authorship: Lange

Viola riviniana f. minor

authorship: Murb. ex E.S.Gregory

Viola riviniana f. prolifera

authorship: Valentine

Viola riviniana subsp. minor

authorship: (Murb. ex E.S.Gregory) Valentine

Viola riviniana var. leucocentra

authorship: Pinkw.

Viola riviniana var. minor

authorship: (Murbeck ex Greg.) Valentine

Viola silana

authorship: Merino

Viola subsessilifolia

authorship: Lázaro Ibiza

Viola sylvatica

authorship: Fr. ex C.Hartm.

codes: ALG CNY MOR TUN EAI ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWE SWI

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Føroyar

code: FOR

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Iceland

code: ICE

Ireland

code: IRE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2077 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка Ривинуса

names:
violette de rivinus
Violette a eperon clair

names: Фіалка Рівінієва

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Andrena bicolor
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora alluaudi
Anthophora dispar

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Anthocharis cardamines
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Gonepteryx rhamni
Pieris napi

partners:
Fabriciana adippe
Philaenus spumarius
Ametastegia pallipes
Aphelia unitana
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca
Argynnis aglaja
Argynnis paphia


slug: viola-rostrata

scientific: Viola rostrata

authorship: Pursh

epithet: rostrata

preferred: Long-spurred violet

english:
Long-spurred violet
longspur violet

Lophion rostratum

authorship: Nieuwl. & Kaczm.

Viola rostrata f. trirostrata

authorship: Grover

Viola rostrata var. elongata

authorship: Farw.

Viola rostrata var. phelpsiae

authorship: (Fernald) Farw.

codes: JAP ALA CNT GEO INI KTY MRY MAS MIC NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1958 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
longspur violet
Long-spur Violet

names:
violette à long éperon
violette rostrée


slug: viola-rosulata

scientific: Viola rosulata

authorship: Poepp. & Endl.

epithet: rosulata

codes: AGS CLC

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

authors: Poepp. & Endl.

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. ii. 49. t. 166

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-rotundifolia

scientific: Viola rotundifolia

authorship: Michx.

epithet: rotundifolia

preferred: Round-leaved Violet

english:
Round-leaved Violet
roundleaf yellow violet

codes: CNT DEL GEO KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Hampshire

code: NWH

Rhode I.

code: RHO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Micromeria douglasii

slug: micromeria-douglasii

names:
roundleaf yellow violet
Early Yellow Violet

names: Фиалка круглолистная

names:
violette feuille-ronde
violette à feuilles rondes


slug: viola-rubella

scientific: Viola rubella

authorship: Cav.

epithet: rubella

Viola caulescens

authorship: Molina ex F.Phil.

Viola rubella var. angustifolia

authorship: Ging.

codes: CLC CLS

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 100 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Cav.

published_in: Icon. [Cavanilles] vi. 20. t. 351. f. 1


slug: viola-rupestris

scientific: Viola rupestris

epithet: rupestris

published_in: Neuere Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 1: 60 (1791)

preferred: teesdale violet

Viola aprica

authorship: Spreng.

Viola arenaria

authorship: DC.

Viola balbisii

authorship: Re

Viola canina var. rupestris

authorship: (F.W.Schmidt) Regel

Viola cinerascens

authorship: Kern.

Viola livida

authorship: Kit. ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola rupestris subsp. arenaria

authorship: (DC.) Tzvelev

Viola rupestris subsp. glaberrima

authorship: (Murb.) Vl.V.Nikitin

Viola rupestris var. glabra

authorship: Popov

Viola saxigena

authorship: Schur

Viola sergievskajae

authorship: Tzvelev

codes: AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHI IRN IRK KAZ KHA KGZ KRA NCS PRM SAK TZK TCS TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK PAK WHM AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Pakistan

code: PAK

region: Indian Subcontinent

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Austria

code: AUT

names: Фиалка скальная

names:
violette des rocailles
Violette des rochers

names:
Фіалка гола
Фіалка скельна

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Chrysomela vigintipunctata


slug: viola-sacchalinensis

scientific: Viola sacchalinensis

epithet: sacchalinensis

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 188 (1910)

Viola harae

authorship: Miyabe & Tatew.

Viola koraiensis

authorship: Nakai

Viola rupestris subsp. sacchalinensis

authorship: (H.Boissieu) Vorosch.

Viola sacchalinensis var. alpicola

authorship: P.Y.Fu & Y.C.Teng

name: Viola sacchalinensis var. sacchalinensis

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON PRM SAK TVA YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 438 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Alpine Sakhalin Violet
Sakhalin Violet

names: Фиалка сахалинская

names: ainu-tachitsubo-sumire michinoku-sumire

partners:
Argynnis paphia
Argyronome laodice
Argyronome ruslana
Clossiana iphigenia
Clossiana thore
Fabriciana adippe
Speyeria aglaja

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-sagittata

scientific: Viola sagittata

authorship: Aiton

epithet: sagittata

preferred: arrowleaf violet

Viola abundans

authorship: House

Viola alleghanensis

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Viola amorphophylla

authorship: Pollard

Viola dentata

authorship: Pursh

Viola emarginata

authorship: (Nutt.) Leconte

Viola emarginata var. acutiloba

authorship: Brainerd

Viola emarginata var. simulata

authorship: Greene

Viola fimbriatula

authorship: Sm.

Viola fimbriatula f. albescens

authorship: Farw.

Viola fimbriatula f. umbelliflora

authorship: Fernald

Viola ovata

authorship: Nutt.

Viola ovata var. hicksii

authorship: (Pollard) Pollard

Viola sagittata f. carlii

authorship: Creutz

Viola sagittata var. glabra

authorship: Pennell

Viola sagittata var. secedens

authorship: (Greene) Farw.

Viola sagittifolia

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1277 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка стреловидная

names:
violette sagittée
violette sagittée variété sagittée

partners:
Aldrichia ehrmanii
Andrena carlini
Andrena illinoensis
Angitia obscura
Anoplius illinoensis
Astata bicolor
Bicyrtes 4-fasciata
Biomyia georgiae

partners:
Aldrichia ehrmanii
Andrena carlini
Andrena illinoensis
Anoplius illinoensis
Astata bicolor
Bruchophagus gibbus
Centrinus perscillus
Cerceris insolita


slug: viola-scandens

scientific: Viola scandens

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

epithet: scandens

Viola dichotoma

authorship: Ging.

Viola lindeniana

authorship: Turcz.

Viola scandens var. hirtella

authorship: L.B.Sm. & A.Fernández

Viola scandens var. integristipula

authorship: Benoist

codes: MXG MXT MXS CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON PAN PER VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: climbing subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Atuntayka hiwa
Casano

names: Фиалка лазящая

authors: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 391

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-selkirkii

scientific: Viola selkirkii

authorship: Pursh ex Goldie

epithet: selkirkii

published_in: Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 324. 1822 [April 1822]

preferred: Selkirk's violet

Viola borealis

authorship: Weinm.

Viola crassicornis

authorship: W.Becker & Hultén

Viola funghuangensis

authorship: P.Y.Fu & Y.C.Teng

Viola imberbis

authorship: Ledeb.

Viola selkirkii var. albiflora

authorship: Nakai

Viola ulleungdoensis

authorship: M.Kim & Jungsim Lee

Viola umbrosa

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Fr.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PRM SAK TVA WSB YAK RUC RUE FIN RUN RUW NOR SWE ASK ABT ALU BRC COL GNL IDA LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWY NFL NSC OHI ONT PEN QUE SAS SDA VER WAS WIS YUK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1896 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Argynnis anadyomene
Speyeria aglaja
Argynnis paphia
Clossiana iphigenia
Clossiana thore
Fabriciana adippe


slug: viola-sempervirens

scientific: Viola sempervirens

authorship: Greene

epithet: sempervirens

preferred: Redwood Violet

english:
Redwood Violet
Evergreen Violet
evergreen violet

codes: ASK BRC CAL IDA ORE WAS

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
evergreen violet
Redwood Violet

names: Фиалка вечнозелёная

partners:
Pieris marginalis venosa
Lepidoptera

published_in: Pittonia 4(20): 8


slug: viola-senzanensis

scientific: Viola senzanensis

authorship: Hayata

epithet: senzanensis

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 3 (1916)

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 尖山堇菜 尖山菫菜

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 3


slug: viola-septemloba

scientific: Viola septemloba

authorship: Leconte

epithet: septemloba

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 141 (1826)

preferred: southern coastal violet

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 629 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern coastal violet
southern coast violet

authors: Leconte

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 141


slug: viola-sequeirae

scientific: Viola sequeirae

authorship: Capelo, R.Jardim, J.C.Costa, Lousã & Rivas Mart.

epithet: sequeirae

published_in: Silva Lusitana 21: 236 (2013 publ. 2014)

Madeira

code: MDR

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 219 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Dog-Violet
Rivinus' violet

names: Violeta-brava Violeta-de-Rivinius

names: Фиалка Ривинуса

names:
Violette a eperon clair
Violette de Rivinus

names: Фіалка Рівінієва

names: metsäorvokki skogsviol

published_in: Silva Lusitana 21(2): 236

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: viola-sheltonii

scientific: Viola sheltonii

authorship: Torr.

epithet: sheltonii

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5; 4): 67 (1857)

preferred: Shelton's violet

Viola sheltonii var. biternata

authorship: (Greene) A.Nelson

codes: CAL COL IDA ORE WAS

Colorado

code: COL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 694 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Torr.


slug: viola-shikokiana

scientific: Viola shikokiana

authorship: Makino

epithet: shikokiana

Japan

code: JAP

names: シコクスミレ hakone-sumire

authors: Makino

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 132

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-shinchikuensis

scientific: Viola shinchikuensis

authorship: Yamam.

epithet: shinchikuensis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Yamam.

published_in: J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 1933, v. 352

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: viola-sieberiana

scientific: Viola sieberiana

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: sieberiana

Viola hederacea subsp. sieberiana

authorship: (Spreng.) L.G.Adams

Viola hederacea var. sieberiana

authorship: (Spreng.) Domin

codes: NSW SOA VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 258 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2, Cur. Post.): 96

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: viola-sieboldii

scientific: Viola sieboldii

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: sieboldii

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 23: 320 (1877)

names: fumoto-sumire フモトスミレ

partners:
Argyreus hyperbius
Argyronome laodice
Fabriciana nerippe

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xxiii. (1877) 320

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-sieheana

scientific: Viola sieheana

epithet: sieheana

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2: 751 (1902)

codes: CYP EAI LBS TUR BUL GRC KRY ROM TUE

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 95 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Apr-May

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. II. ii. 751

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-silicestris

scientific: Viola silicestris

authorship: K.R.Thiele & Prober

epithet: silicestris

codes: NSW QLD

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 367 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Sep-Nov

authors: K.R.Thiele & Prober


slug: viola-somchetica

scientific: Viola somchetica

epithet: somchetica

codes: IRN NCS TCS

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 199 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка сомхетская

value: Apr-Sep


slug: viola-sororia

scientific: Viola sororia

authorship: Willd.

epithet: sororia

preferred: woolly blue violet

english:
woolly blue violet
common blue violet

Viola alachuana

authorship: Murrill

Viola chalcosperma

authorship: Brainerd

Viola communis

authorship: Pollard

Viola cucullata var. alba

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Viola cucullata var. sororia

authorship: (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray

Viola domestica var. communis

authorship: Farw.

Viola palmata var. sororia

authorship: (Willd.) Pollard

Viola papilionacea

authorship: Pursh

Viola papilionacea f. albiflora

authorship: Grover

Viola papilionacea var. alba

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Farw.

Viola septentrionalis f. alba

authorship: Vict. & J.Rousseau

name: Viola septentrionalis f. septentrionalis

name: Viola septentrionalis var. septentrionalis

Viola sororia var. affinis

authorship: (Leconte) L.E.McKinney

Viola thompsoniae

authorship: Chapm.

Viola wilmattae

authorship: Pollard & Cockerell

codes: ALA ARK BRC CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXG MXE MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WAS WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 134 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка сестринская

names:
Violette de la Pentecôte
Violette papilionacée

names: Фіалка північноамериканська звичайна

partners:
Andrena erigeniae
Andrena pruni
Andrena violae
Bombus vagans
Bombylius major
Ceratina dupla
Lasioglossum
Osmia atriventris

partners:
Andrena violae
Bombylius major
Anthocharis midea
Anthophora villosula
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Erynnis brizo
Erynnis juvenalis

partners:
Argynnis anadyomene
Argynnis paphia
Argyreus hyperbius
Argyronome laodice
Boloria epithore
Boloria selene
Damora sagana
Euptoieta claudia


slug: viola-stagnina

scientific: Viola stagnina

authorship: Kit. ex Schult.

epithet: stagnina

Viola flexuosa

authorship: Moretti ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola persicifolia var. lacteoides

authorship: W.Becker & Kloos

Viola recta

authorship: Garcke

codes: ALT IRK KRA WSB YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Hungary

code: HUN

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

North European Russia

code: RUN

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 198 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Фиалка персиколистная
Фиалка прудовая

names:
Фіалка персиколиста
Фіалка ставкова

partners:
Ametastegia pallipes
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca
Argynnis aglaja
Barynotus moerens
Barynotus obscurus
Boloria napaea
Boloria pales


slug: viola-stipularis

scientific: Viola stipularis

authorship: Sw.

epithet: stipularis

published_in: Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. : 117 (1788)

Ionidium stipulare

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Viola begoniifolia

authorship: Benth.

Viola ciliaris

authorship: Willd. ex W.Becker

Viola obliquifolia

authorship: Turcz.

Viola persicariifolia

authorship: Poir.

codes: CLM COS ECU LEE PAN PER VEN WIN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

region: Caribbean

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

Windward Is.

code: WIN

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 147 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Faux ipéca
violette

value: vine

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: Sw.

published_in: Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 117


slug: viola-striata

scientific: Viola striata

authorship: Aiton

epithet: striata

preferred: cream violet

english:
cream violet
striped cream violet

Lophion striatum

authorship: Nieuwl. & Kaczm.

Viola adunca f. masonii

authorship: (Farw.) B.Boivin

Viola conspersa var. masonii

authorship: Farw.

Viola debilis

authorship: Michx.

Viola lewisiana

authorship: Ging.

Viola ochroleuca

authorship: Schwein.

Viola striata var. lutescens

authorship: Alph.Wood ex N.Coleman

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
striped cream violet
Common White Violet

partners:
Andrena carlini
Andrena mandibularis
Andrena miserabilis
Bicyrtes 4-fasciata
Centrinus perscillus
Elis 5-cincta
Hiatomyia cyanescens
Lasioglossum nelumbonis

partners:
Andrena carlini
Eucera belfragei
Osmia conjuncta
Andrena mandibularis
Andrena miserabilis
Apis mellifera
Bombias separatus
Bombus auricomus


slug: viola-stuebelii

scientific: Viola stuebelii

authorship: Hieron.

epithet: stuebelii

Colombia

code: CLM

authors: Hieron.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(3): 324

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: viola-suavis

scientific: Viola suavis

epithet: suavis

Viola barceloi

authorship: Nyman

Viola donetzkiensis

authorship: Klokov

Viola reverchonii

authorship: Willk.

Viola segobricensis

authorship: Pau.

Viola sepincola

authorship: Jord.

Viola suavis var. barceloi

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

Viola suavis var. segobricensis

authorship: (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Viola suavis var. sepincola

authorship: (Jord.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Viola torresii

authorship: Marcet

codes: MOR EAI IRN KAZ KGZ LBS NCS TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB WHM ALB AUT BAL BUL RUC COR CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM RUS SPA SWI UKR

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Himalaya

code: WHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1089 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка приятная

names: Фіалка приємна

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca


slug: viola-subandina

scientific: Viola subandina

epithet: subandina

published_in: Pl. Altoandinas Fl. Silv. Chile : 66 (1998)

codes: AGW AGS CLC

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: in A. Hoffmann, M.K. Arroyo, F. Liberona, M. Muñoz & J. Watson, Pl. Altoandinas Fl. Silv. Chile 66 (1998), nom. nov.:

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-subsinuata

scientific: Viola subsinuata

authorship: Greene

epithet: subsinuata

preferred: wavy-leaf violet

Viola angelliae

authorship: Pollard

Viola palmata var. angelliae

authorship: (Pollard) W.Stone

codes: CNT DEL WDC GEO KTY MRY MAS NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 324 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wavy-leaf violet
Angell's violet

authors: (Greene) Greene

published_in: Pittonia 4(20): 4


slug: viola-tectiflora

scientific: Viola tectiflora

epithet: tectiflora

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 139 (1928)

codes: AGW AGS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928(4): 139

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-thomasiana

scientific: Viola thomasiana

authorship: Songeon & E.P.Perrier

epithet: thomasiana

published_in: Annot. Fl. France Allemagne : 183 (1860)

codes: ALT NCS TCS AUT FRA ITA SWI

Altay

code: ALT

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Austria

code: AUT

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: May-Jul

authors: Songeon & E.P.Perrier

published_in: in Billot, Annot. Fl. Fr. et Allem. 183

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-tomentosa

scientific: Viola tomentosa

authorship: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

epithet: tomentosa

preferred: feltleaf violet

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
feltleaf violet
Felt-leaved Violet

authors: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 142


slug: viola-tricolor

scientific: Viola tricolor

authorship: L.

epithet: tricolor

preferred: Wild Pansy

english:
Wild Pansy
Johnny-jump-up
Three-colored Violet
johnny jumpup
pansy
pansy violet
wild pansy

Ion tricolor

authorship: Medik.

Jacea tricolor

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Mnemion alpestre

authorship: Fourr.

Mnemion elegans

authorship: Spach

Mnemion nemausense

authorship: (Jord.) Fourr.

Mnemion tricolor

authorship: (L.) Spach

Viola ammotropha

authorship: (Wittr.) E.H.L.Krause

Viola banatica

authorship: Kit. ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola bella

authorship: Gren. ex Gren. & Godr.

Viola bielziana

authorship: Schur

Viola foucaudii

authorship: Sav.

Viola garganica

authorship: Strobl

Viola lilascens

authorship: Heldr. ex Boiss.

Viola litoralis

authorship: Spreng.

Viola lloydii

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

Viola maritima

authorship: (Schweigg. ex J.C.Clausen) Tzvelev

Viola meduanensis

authorship: Boreau

Viola mutabilis

authorship: Rochel

Viola olonnensis

authorship: Genev.

Viola orcadensis

authorship: Drabble

Viola perrobusta

authorship: Borbás

Viola sabulosa

authorship: (DC. ex Ging.) Boreau

Viola saxatilis subsp. curtisii

authorship: (E.Forst.) Kirschner & Skalický

Viola saxatilis subsp. polychroma

authorship: (A.Kern.) Kirschner & Skalický

Viola soongorica

authorship: Fisch. ex Ledeb.

Viola symei

authorship: Baker

Viola tenella

authorship: Muhl.

Viola tricolor f. tenella

authorship: Farw.

Viola tricolor var. hortensis

authorship: DC.

Viola virgata

authorship: Gren.

codes: ALT IRN KAZ NCS TZK TCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Altay

region: Siberia

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Tocopherol

activities: 5-HETE-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiMD AntiMS AntiPMS Antiaggregant Antiaging

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Myricetin

activities: Allelochemic AntiHIV Antiallergenic Antibacterial Antifeedant Antigastric Antigingivitic Antigonadotrophic

Salicylic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarthritic Antibacterial Antidandruff Antidermatotic Antieczemic Antiichthyosic

Methyl-salicylate

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anaphrodisiac Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antipyretic Antiradicular Antirheumatalgic

activities:
ACE-Inhibitor
Antiangiogenic
Anticancer
Anticancer (Prostate)
Anticarcinomic
Antiinflammatory
Antiproliferant
Apoptotic

P-coumaric-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antifertility Antihepatotoxic Antileukemic Antinitrosaminic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: анютины глазки

partners:
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Andrena bicolor
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Boloria selene
Bombus distinguendus

partners:
Pieris napi
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus pascuorum
Gonepteryx rhamni
Pieris rapae
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Andrena bicolor

partners:
Issoria lathonia
Acanthis flammea
Actebia praecox
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia glabrata
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos

partners:
Golovinomyces orontii
Mycocentrospora acerina
Peronospora violae


slug: viola-tridentata

scientific: Viola tridentata

authorship: Sm.

epithet: tridentata

codes: FAL AGS CLS

Falkland Is.

code: FAL

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

Chile South

code: CLS

authors: Sm.

published_in: Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) 37(1): Viola n. 76


slug: viola-trinervata

scientific: Viola trinervata

authorship: (Howell) Howell ex A.Gray

epithet: trinervata

preferred: Rainier Violet

english:
Rainier Violet
Rainier violet
Sagebrush Violet
sagebrush violet

Viola beckwithii var. trinervata

authorship: Howell

Viola chrysantha var. glaberrima

authorship: Torr.

codes: ORE WAS

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 700 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Rainier violet
sagebrush violet

authors: (Howell) Howell ex A.Gray


slug: viola-uliginosa

scientific: Viola uliginosa

authorship: Besser

epithet: uliginosa

published_in: Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 1: 169 (1809)

Viola hybrida

authorship: Wulfen ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola nitens

authorship: Host ex Rchb.

Viola scaturiginosa

authorship: Wallr.

codes: BLT BLR RUC CZE DEN FIN GER YUG RUN RUW POL SWE UKR

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

Germany

code: GER

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

Sweden

code: SWE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 391 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фіалка багнова

names: luhtaorvokki sumpviol

authors: Besser

published_in: Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. i. 169; Schrad. Neues Journ. iv. (1810) 80


slug: viola-umbraticola

scientific: Viola umbraticola

authorship: Kunth

epithet: umbraticola

preferred: Ponderosa violet

Viola pteropoda

authorship: Hemsl.

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXN MXS

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Kunth

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] v. 370

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-uniflora

scientific: Viola uniflora

authorship: L.

epithet: uniflora

Viola uniflora subsp. lasczinskyi

authorship: Zuev

codes: ALT BRY CTA IRK KAZ KRA MON PRM TVA WSB YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2012 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: May-Jun

authors: L.


slug: viola-utahensis

scientific: Viola utahensis

authorship: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

epithet: utahensis

preferred: Utah violet

codes: COL IDA NEV UTA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

value: herb

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 145


slug: viola-vallicola

scientific: Viola vallicola

epithet: vallicola

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 128 (1899)

preferred: Valley Violet

english:
Valley Violet
sagebrush violet
valley violet
valley yellow violet
yellow sagebrush violet

Crocion vallicola

authorship: Nieuwl. & Lunell

Viola nuttallii subsp. vallicola

authorship: (A.Nelson) Roy L.Taylor & MacBryde

Viola nuttallii var. vallicola

authorship: (A.Nelson) H.St.John

Viola physalodes

authorship: Greene

Viola subsagittifolia

authorship: Suksd.

codes: BRC COL KAN MNT NDA SAS SDA WYO

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

North Dakota

code: NDA

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 625 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sagebrush violet
valley violet

value: non-woody

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26(3): 128


slug: viola-variegata

scientific: Viola variegata

authorship: Fisch. ex Link

epithet: variegata

published_in: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 240 (1821)

name: Viola tenuicornis subsp. primorskajensis

Viola umemurae

authorship: Makino

Viola variegata f. viridis

authorship: (Kitag.) P.Y.Fu & Y.C.Teng

Viola variegata var. viridis

authorship: Kitag.

codes: AMU CHN CTA CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM MON PRM

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 斑叶堇菜 鸡心七

names: フイリゲンジスミレ genji-sumire

value: perennial

authors: Fisch. ex Link

published_in: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 240


slug: viola-veronicifolia

scientific: Viola veronicifolia

authorship: Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.

epithet: veronicifolia

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

authors: Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 17: 121


slug: viola-villosa

scientific: Viola villosa

authorship: Walter

epithet: villosa

preferred: Carolina violet

Viola alabamensis

authorship: Pollard

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA OKL SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 310 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Carolina violet
southern woolly violet

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 219

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-walteri

scientific: Viola walteri

authorship: House

epithet: walteri

preferred: prostrate blue violet

Viola canina var. multicaulis

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

Viola muhlenbergii var. multicaulis

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO KTY LOU MSI NCA OHI PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Kentucky

code: KTY

Ohio

code: OHI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 840 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
prostrate blue violet
Prostrate Southern Violet

authors: House


slug: virgilia-divaricata

scientific: Virgilia divaricata

authorship: Adamson

genus: Virgilia

epithet: divaricata

family: Fabaceae

preferred: Blossom tree

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 432 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
Blossom tree
Forest Keurboom

names:
Keurboom
oostelike keurboom

value: tree

authors: Adamson


slug: virgilia-oroboides

scientific: Virgilia oroboides

authorship: (P.J.Bergius) T.M.Salter

epithet: oroboides

preferred: keurboom

source: usda

Calpurnia capensis

authorship: Steud.

Hypocalyptus capensis

authorship: (L.) Thunb.

Podalyria capensis

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Sophora capensis

authorship: L.

Sophora viciifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Virgilia capensis

authorship: Lam.

authorship: (L.) Poir.

Virgilia capensis subsp. albescens

authorship: Yakovlev

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 347 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cape Virgilia
Stream Keurboom

value: phanerophyte

authors: (P.J.Bergius) T.M.Salter

published_in: J. S. African Bot. 1939, v. 58

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol VIOR6

license: public domain


slug: virola-koschnyi

scientific: Virola koschnyi

authorship: Warb.

genus: Virola

epithet: koschnyi

family: Myristicaceae

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.  1: 71 (1905)

Virola merendonis

authorship: Pittier

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MXT BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

names: banak cedrillo

partners:
Alouatta palliata
Dasyprocta punctata
Scaphytopius cientosetenta

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

authors: Warb.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 71

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: virola-laevigata

scientific: Virola laevigata

authorship: Standl.

epithet: laevigata

codes: COS PAN

authors: Standl.

published_in: Trop. Woods No. 16, 20 (1928); et in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago, Bot. Ser. iv. 209 (1929), descr


slug: virola-sebifera

scientific: Virola sebifera

authorship: Aubl.

epithet: sebifera

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane : 904 (1775)

preferred: virola

Knema sebifera

authorship: (Aubl.) Peterm.

Myristica cordifolia

authorship: Mart. ex A.DC.

Myristica mocoa

authorship: Poepp. ex A.DC.

Myristica panamensis

authorship: Hemsl.

Myristica sebifera

authorship: (Aubl.) Sw.

Myristica virola

authorship: Raeusch.

Palala mocoa

authorship: (Poepp. ex A.DC.) Kuntze

Palala panamensis

authorship: (Hemsl.) Kuntze

Palala sebifera

authorship: (Aubl.) Kuntze

Virola mocoa

authorship: (Poepp. ex A.DC.) Warb.

Virola mycetis

authorship: Pulle

Virola panamensis

authorship: (Hemsl.) Warb.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS ECU FRG GUY HON NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
virola
red ucuuba

names:
Azafrán
Cacao de monte

names: Gordura-de-virola Ucuúba-do-cerrado

names:
Muscadier porte-suif
bois chandelle

names: ویرلا سبیفرا

partners:
Dacnis cayana
Hemithraupis guira
Myiodynastes maculatus
Thraupis palmarum
Turdus albicollis
Turdus amaurochalinus
Turdus leucomelas
Baryphthengus martii

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: virola-surinamensis

scientific: Virola surinamensis

authorship: (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb.

epithet: surinamensis

published_in: Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 208 (1897)

preferred: Baboonwood

Myristica americana

authorship: Rol. ex Rottb.

Myristica fatua

authorship: Sw.

Myristica sebifera var. longifolia

authorship: Lam.

Palala gracilis

authorship: (A.DC.) Kuntze

Palala surinamensis

authorship: (Rol. ex Rottb.) Kuntze

Virola carinata var. gracilis

authorship: (A.DC.) Warb.

Virola glaziovii var. latifolia

authorship: Malme

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZC CLM ECU FRG GUY PER SUR TRT VEN

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

region: Caribbean

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Lauric-acid

activities: Antibacterial Antioxidant Antiviral COX-1-Inhibitor COX-2-Inhibitor Candidicide Hypercholesterolemic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Decanoic-acid

activities: FLavor Nematicide Pesticide

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Myristic-acid

activities: Antioxidant Cancer-Preventive Cosmetic Hypercholesterolemic Lubricant Nematicide

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Capric-acid

activities: Fungicide Irritant Pesticide

Galbacine

activities: Pesticide Schistosomicide

names: Baboonwood ucahuba-nut

names:
Chalviande
Pukuna wapa

names: Bicuíba Nós-moscada

names:
Muscadier fou
yayamadou marécage

names: ویرلا سورینامنیسیس

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Apis mellifera
Augochloropsis ilustris
Caenohalictus oblitus
Camponotus femoratus
Copestylum sp.
Epitragini
Erystalys sp.
Lebia

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Baryphthengus martii
Penelope purpurascens
Pteroglossus torquatus
Ramphastos sulfuratus
Tityra semifasciata
Trogon massena
Ailuroedus buccoides
Alouatta seniculus

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil


slug: virotia-francii

scientific: Virotia francii

authorship: (Guillaumin) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast

genus: Virotia

epithet: francii

family: Proteaceae

Macadamia francii

authorship: (Guillaumin) Sleumer

Roupala francii

authorship: Guillaumin

New Caledonia

code: NWC

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

authors: (Guillaumin) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: viscainoa-geniculata

scientific: Viscainoa geniculata

authorship: (Kellogg) Greene

genus: Viscainoa

epithet: geniculata

family: Zygophyllaceae

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 293 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Вискайноа коленчатая

source: GIFT

authors: Greene

published_in: Pittonia 1(4): 163

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viscaria-alpina

scientific: Viscaria alpina

authorship: (L.) G.Don

genus: Viscaria

epithet: alpina

family: Caryophyllaceae

preferred: catchfly

Agrostemma alpina

authorship: (L.) J.Forbes

Agrostemma suecica

authorship: (Lodd.) Maund ex Steud.

Lychnis alpina

authorship: L.

Silene suecica

authorship: (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet

Steris alpina

authorship: (L.) Šourková

codes: AUT RUE FIN FRA GRB ICE ITA RUN RUW NOR SPA SWE SWI GNL LAB NFL NUN QUE

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Great Britain

code: GRB

Iceland

code: ICE

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Spain

code: SPA

Sweden

code: SWE

Switzerland

code: SWI

Greenland

code: GNL

region: Subarctic America

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nunavut

code: NUN

Québec

code: QUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1582 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
alpine campion
alpine catchfly

names: 高山剪秋罗 高山雪轮

names:
Смолка альпийская
Смолёвка шведская

names:
Silène de Suède
Viscaire des Alpes, Silène de Suède

names: fjellnellik fjelltjæreblom

names: duottarbihkkarássi ruksesoaivi

partners:
Bombus sylvestris
Thricops

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)


slug: viscaria-vulgaris

scientific: Viscaria vulgaris

authorship: Bernh.

epithet: vulgaris

published_in: Syst. Verz. Erfurt: 200. 1800

preferred: clammy campion

Lychnis viscosa

authorship: Scop.

Silene viscaria

authorship: (L.) Jess.

Steris viscaria

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Viscaria viscosa

authorship: Asch.

Viscaria vulgaris

authorship: Roehl.

codes: KAZ NCS WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN GER GRB GRC HUN ITA YUG RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SWE SWI TUE UKR

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

West Siberia

code: WSB

region: Siberia

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

East European Russia

code: RUE

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aglais urticae
Andrena
Andrena nigroaenea
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis
Bombus jonellus
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Anthophora aestivalis
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus subterraneus
Bombus sylvarum
Bombylius cinerascens

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: viscum-album

scientific: Viscum album

genus: Viscum

epithet: album

family: Santalaceae

preferred: European mistletoe

english:
European mistletoe
Mistletoe
mistletoe

Stelin album

authorship: (L.) Bubani

Viscum abietis

authorship: (Wiesb.) Fritsch

Viscum album var. meridianum

authorship: Danser

Viscum austriacum var. abietis

authorship: Wiesb.

Viscum costatum

authorship: Gamble

Viscum laxum

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

Viscum polycoccon

authorship: Houtt.

Viscum stellatum

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

codes: ALG MOR CHC IRN LBS NCS CHT TCS TUR EHM MYA NEP PAK VIE WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tibet

code: CHT

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

Inositol

activities: Antialopecic Anticirrhotic Antidiabetic? Antineuropathic? Cholesterolytic Lipotropic Sweetener Ubiquiot

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Oleanolic-acid

activities: Abortifacient AntiHIV AntiPGE2 AntiTGF-beta Antiallergic Antiarrhythmic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

Histamine

activities: Allergenic AntiMeniere's Antichilblain Antimigraine Bronchoconstrictor Bronchostimulant Cardiovascular Gastrostimulant

Acetyl-choline

activities: Allergenic Antiamblyopic Antidiuretic Antiileus Antitachycardic Cardiodepressant Cerebrostimulant Histaminic

Gaba

activities: Analeptic Anticephalagic Anticerebrotic Antichoreic Anticonvulsant Antihypertensive Antiinsomniac Antilethargic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Mannitol

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anthelmintic AntiReye's Antiglaucomic Antiinflammatory Antimutagenic Antinephritic

names: داروش اروپایی

partners:
Chrysoperla carnea
Dasyphora cyanella
Eudasyphora cyanella

partners:
Botryosphaeria visci
Carulaspis visci
Demetrias atricapillus
Turdus viscivorus

partners:
Erithacus rubecula
Sylvia atricapilla
Turdus iliacus
Turdus merula
Turdus philomelos
Turdus torquatus
Turdus viscivorus

partners:
Sylvia atricapilla
Turdus viscivorus
Cacopsylla visci
Celypha woodiana
Columba palumbus
Hypseloecus visci
Ixapion variegatum
Pinalitus viscicola

partners:
Robinia pseudoacacia
Acer campestre
Crataegus
Quercus robur
Acer
Aesculus hippocastanum
Crataegus monogyna
Malus


slug: viscum-angulatum

scientific: Viscum angulatum

authorship: B.Heyne ex DC.

epithet: angulatum

Aspidixia angulata

authorship: (B.Heyne ex DC.) Tiegh.

India

code: IND

lifeform: hemiparasitic epiphyte

climate: seasonally dry tropical

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

authors: B.Heyne ex DC.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viscum-articulatum

scientific: Viscum articulatum

epithet: articulatum

preferred: Bertero's mistletoe

Aspidixia articulata

authorship: (Burm.f.) Tiegh.

Aspidixia attenuata

authorship: (DC.) Tiegh.

Aspidixia dichotoma

authorship: (Ettingsh.) Tiegh.

Bifaria aoraiensis

authorship: (Nadeaud) Tiegh.

Korthalsella aoraiensis

authorship: (Nadeaud) Engl.

Korthalsella articulata

authorship: (Burm.f.) Laing

Phoradendron dichotomum

authorship: Ettingsh.

Viscum aoraiense

authorship: Nadeaud

Viscum aphyllum

authorship: Griff.

Viscum articulatum var. dichotomum

authorship: Kurz

Viscum attenuatum

authorship: DC.

Viscum compressum

authorship: Poir.

Viscum flexuosum

authorship: King ex Gamble

Viscum philippense

authorship: Llanos

Viscum platycaulon

authorship: Bertero ex A.Gray

codes: CHC CHS CHH AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE NSW NTA QLD WAU FIJ SCI TUA

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 330 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

names: 扁枝槲寄生 扁枝槲寄生（枫香寄生）

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: viscum-capense

scientific: Viscum capense

epithet: capense

Arceuthobium capense

authorship: (L.f.) J.Presl

Aspidixia capensis

authorship: (L.f.) Tiegh.

Aspidixia robusta

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tiegh.

Viscum rigidum

authorship: Engl. & K.Krause

Viscum robustum

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

codes: CPP NAM TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 811 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 426

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viscum-coloratum

scientific: Viscum coloratum

authorship: (Kom.) Nakai

epithet: coloratum

preferred: Korean mistletoe

source: wikidata

Viscum album f. rubroaurantiacum

authorship: (Makino) Kitag.

Viscum album subsp. coloratum

authorship: Kom.

Viscum album var. coloratum

authorship: Ohwi

Viscum alni-formosanae

authorship: Hayata

Viscum coloratum var. alni-formosanae

authorship: (Hayata) Iwata

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR PRM CHQ TAI

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 379 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 槲寄生 冬青

names: Омела окрашенная

label: Woodiness

authors: (Kom.) Nakai

published_in: Rep. Veg. Ooryongto 17, 62

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viscum-combreticola

scientific: Viscum combreticola

authorship: Engl.

epithet: combreticola

Viscum ugandense

authorship: Sprague

codes: ANG BOT ZAI OFS KEN MLW MOZ TVL TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Birdlime
Bushwillow Mistletoe

names: Boletswa Boswa

label: Height

value: 2 m

authors: Engl.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(4): 542

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viscum-continuum

scientific: Viscum continuum

epithet: continuum

published_in: Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. (Drège) 229 (1843)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

label: Life cycle

published_in: Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 229