slug: iris-hexagona

scientific: Iris hexagona

authorship: Walter

epithet: hexagona

preferred: Dixie iris

Limniris hexagona

authorship: (Walter) Rodion.

Phaeiris hexagona

authorship: (Walter) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: FLA SCA

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

South Carolina

code: SCA

names:
Dixie iris
Carolina iris

names: Ирис шестигранный

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 66

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-hookeri

scientific: Iris hookeri

authorship: Penny ex G.Don

genus: Iris

epithet: hookeri

family: Iridaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Iris canadensis

authorship: (Foster) Peckham

Iris hookeri f. pallidiflora

authorship: (Fernald) Fernald

Iris hookeri f. zonalis

authorship: (Eames) Fernald

Iris setosa f. pallidiflora

authorship: Fernald

Iris setosa f. zonalis

authorship: Eames

Iris setosa var. canadensis

authorship: Foster

Iris tripetala

authorship: Hook.

Limniris hookeri

authorship: (Penny ex G.Don) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Xiphion tripetalum

authorship: Alef.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: LAB MAI NBR NFL NSC PEI QUE

Labrador

code: LAB

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

New Brunswick

code: NBR

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 902 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Canada Beachhead Iris
Canada beach-head iris

names: 虎克鸢尾 加東濱鳶尾

names:
iris de Hooker
iris du Canada

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: geophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Penny ex Loudon

published_in: Loudon's Hort. Brit., ed. 2. 591

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: iris-humilis

scientific: Iris humilis

authorship: Georgi

epithet: humilis

published_in: Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich  1: 196 (1775)

Iris dahurica

authorship: Herb. ex Klatt

Iris flavissima

authorship: Pall.

Iris flavissima subsp. transuralensis

authorship: Ugr.

Iris humilis f. foliata

authorship: Kuntze

Joniris humilis

authorship: (Georgi) Klatt

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KRA CHM MON PRM TVA WSB CHX YAK RUE

Altay

code: ALT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 995 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Height

category: Size

label: Flowering months

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-imbricata

scientific: Iris imbricata

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: imbricata

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg.  31: t. 35 (1845)

Iris concolor

authorship: Baker

Iris talischi

authorship: Sprenger

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: IRN NCS TCS

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ирис черепитчатый

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 31: t. 35

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-innominata

scientific: Iris innominata

epithet: innominata

preferred: Del Norte County iris

source: wikidata

Iris tenax subsp. innominata

authorship: (L.F.Hend.) Q.D.Clarkson

Limniris innominata

authorship: (L.F.Hend.) Rodion.

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

published_in: Rhodora 32: 23

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-japonica

scientific: Iris japonica

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: japonica

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London  2: 327 (1794)

Evansia chinensis

authorship: Salisb. ex Decne.

Evansia fimbriata

authorship: (Vent.) Decne.

Evansia japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) Klatt

Iris chinensis

authorship: Curtis

Iris fimbriata

authorship: Vent.

Iris japonica f. pallescens

authorship: P.L.Chiu & Y.T.Zhao

Moraea fimbriata

authorship: (Vent.) Loisel.

Xiphion fimbriatum

authorship: (Vent.) Alef.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP CHQ CHT MYA

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

Myanmar

code: MYA

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1287 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Fringed Iris
Japanese Iris

names: 白花射干 金剪刀

names: Ирис японский

names: シャガ 射干

names:
Iris du Japon
Iris frangé

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 327


slug: iris-juncea

scientific: Iris juncea

authorship: Poir.

epithet: juncea

published_in: Voy. Barbarie  2: 85 (1789)

Diaphane stylosa

authorship: Salisb.

Iris mauritanica

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Xiphion junceum

authorship: (Poir.) Parl.

authorship: Klatt

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN SIC

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Sicilia

code: SIC

region: Southeastern Europe

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Iris de jonc
Iris jonc

authors: Brot.

published_in: Fl. Lusit. 1: 51

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-junonia

scientific: Iris junonia

authorship: Schott

epithet: junonia

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl.  4: 209 (1854)

Iris pallida var. junonia

authorship: (Schott) Baker

Iris purpureobractea

authorship: B.Mathew & T.Baytop

Türkiye

code: TUR

authors: Schott & Kotschy ex Schott

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 209

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-kemaonensis

scientific: Iris kemaonensis

authorship: Wall. ex D.Don

epithet: kemaonensis

Iris duthiei

authorship: Foster

Iris kamaonensis

authorship: Wall.

Iris tigrina

authorship: Jacquem. ex Baker

codes: CHT EHM MYA NEP WHM

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 91 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Kumaon iris
Kumon iris

names: 库门鸢尾 蝴蝶花

names: زنبق کومائون

authors: Wall. ex D.Don

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 372

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-lactea

scientific: Iris lactea

authorship: Pall.

epithet: lactea

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich.  3: 713 (1776)

Eremiris biglumis

authorship: (Vahl) Doronkin

Eremiris lactea

authorship: (Pall.) Rodion.

Eremiris lactea var. chrysantha

authorship: (Y.T.Zhao) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Eremiris pallasii

authorship: (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Doronkin

Iris biglumis

authorship: Vahl

Iris caricifolia

authorship: Pall. ex Link

Iris doniana

authorship: Spach

Iris ensata var. grandiflora

authorship: Dykes

Iris ensata var. pabularia

authorship: (Naudin ex Ermens) Wittm.

Iris ensata var. pallasii

authorship: (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Maxim.

Iris fragrans

authorship: Lindl.

Iris haematophylla

authorship: Fisch. ex Link

Iris iliensis

authorship: Poljakov

Iris lactea var. biglumis

authorship: (Vahl) Koidz.

Iris longifolia

authorship: Royle ex D.Don

Iris longispatha

authorship: Fisch. ex Sims

Iris pabularia

authorship: Naudin ex Ermens

Iris pallasii

authorship: Fisch. ex Trevir.

Iris sibirica subsp. triflora

authorship: (Balb.) Nyman

Iris triflora

authorship: Balb.

Joniris biglumis

authorship: (Vahl) Klatt

Joniris doniana

authorship: (Spach) Klatt

Joniris longispatha

authorship: (Fisch. ex Sims) Klatt

Joniris pallasii

authorship: (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Klatt

Joniris triflora

authorship: (Balb.) Klatt

Limniris lactea

authorship: (Pall.) Peruzzi, F.Conti & Bartolucci

Xiphion donianum

authorship: (Spach) Alef.

Xiphion pallasii

authorship: (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Alef.

Xiphion triflorum

authorship: (Balb.) Alef.

codes: AFG ALT BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK KAZ KGZ KOR KRA CHM MON CHQ TZK CHT TVA UZB CHX PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tuva

code: TVA

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 516 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ирис молочно-белый

names: シロバナネジアヤメ ネジアヤメ

names: Півники молочні

names: Сүүн цагаан Цахилдаг


slug: iris-lacustris

scientific: Iris lacustris

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: lacustris

preferred: dwarf lake iris

Evansia lacustris

authorship: (Nutt.) Klatt

Iris cristata subsp. lacustris

authorship: (Nutt.) Iltis

Iris cristata var. lacustris

authorship: (Nutt.) Dykes

Iris lacustris f. albiflora

authorship: Cruise & Catling

Lophiris lacustris

authorship: (Nutt.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: MIC ONT WIS

Michigan

code: MIC

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Wisconsin

code: WIS

region: North-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1205 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Ирис озёрный

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 23


slug: iris-laevigata

scientific: Iris laevigata

authorship: Fisch.

epithet: laevigata

published_in: Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus)  5: 36 (1839)

preferred: rabbitear iris

Iris albopurpurea

authorship: Baker

Iris albopurpurea var. alba

authorship: Makino

Iris gmelinii

authorship: Ledeb.

Iris itsihatsi

authorship: Hassk.

Iris laevigata f. albopurpurea

authorship: (Baker) Makino

Iris laevigata f. leucantha

authorship: Makino & Nob.Tanaka

Iris laevigata var. alba

authorship: Ling Wang, L.Su & F.J.Shang

Iris laevigata var. albopurpurea

authorship: (Baker) Takeda ex Makino

Iris maackii

authorship: Maxim.

Iris versicolor

authorship: Thunb.

Limniris laevigata

authorship: (Fisch.) Rodion.

Limniris maackii

authorship: (Maxim.) Rodion.

Limniris phragmitetorum

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Rodion.

Xyridion laevigatum

authorship: (Fisch.) Klatt

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRK JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM PRM SAK YAK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

China South-Central

code: CHC

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 305 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
rabbitear iris
Japanese Iris

names: 燕子花 光叶鸢尾

names:
Ирис гладкий
Ирис сглаженный

names: kakitsubata カキツバタ

names:
Iris du Japon
Iris lisse

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Calomicrus
Cyphon
Donacia provostii
Helina
Hylaeus floralis
Hylaeus macilentus
Lagidina ptatyeerus
Lasioglossum affine

partners:
Moodna ostrinella
Rhadinoceraea micans

published_in: Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 5: 36 (-37)

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-latifolia

scientific: Iris latifolia

authorship: (Mill.) Voss

epithet: latifolia

published_in: Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3.  1: 982 (1895)

Iris anglica

authorship: Tubergen

Iris argentea

authorship: Anon.

Iris cepifolia

authorship: Stokes

Iris pyrenaea

authorship: Salzm. ex Bubani

Iris xiphioides

authorship: Ehrh.

Iris xiphioides f. cantabrica

authorship: E.Leroy & M.Laínz

Iris xiphioides subsp. cantabrica

authorship: (E.Leroy & M.Laínz) Font Quer, M.Laínz & E.Leroy

Iris xiphium subsp. xiphioides

authorship: Bonnier & Layens

Xiphion jacquinii

authorship: Schrank

Xiphion latifolium

authorship: Mill.

codes: FRA SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 948 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

authors: (Mill.) Voss

published_in: Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 982

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: iris-loczyi

scientific: Iris loczyi

authorship: Kanitz

epithet: loczyi

published_in: Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol : 58 (1891)

Cryptobasis loczyi

authorship: (Kanitz) Ikonn.

Cryptobasis thianschanica

authorship: (Maxim.) Nevski

Iris tenuifolia var. thianschanica

authorship: Maxim.

Iris thianschanica

authorship: (Maxim.) Vved.

authorship: (Maxim.) Vved. ex Woronow & Popov

codes: AFG CHN CHC CHI IRN KAZ KGZ MON CHQ TZK CHT TVA UZB CHX PAK

Afghanistan

code: AFG

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Mongolia

code: MON

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tibet

code: CHT

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Pakistan

code: PAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 马蔺子 天山鸢尾

value: Apr-May

published_in: Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol 58

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-longipetala

scientific: Iris longipetala

authorship: Herb.

epithet: longipetala

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy.  9: 395 (1840)

Dielsiris longipetala

authorship: (Herb.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Limniris longipetala

authorship: (Herb.) Rodion.

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 281 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Central Coast iris
Long-petaled iris

names: زنبق درازگلبرگ

authors: Herb.

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 395


slug: iris-lutescens

scientific: Iris lutescens

authorship: Lam.

epithet: lutescens

preferred: Crimean iris

Chamaeiris angustifolia

authorship: Medik.

Gynandriris italica

authorship: (Parl.) Sanguin.

Iris biflora f. lisbonensis

authorship: (Dykes) Cout.

Iris burnatii

authorship: Baker

Iris chamaeiris

authorship: Bertol.

Iris chamaeiris prol. italica

authorship: (Parl.) Rouy

Iris chamaeiris subsp. italica

authorship: (Parl.) K.Richt.

Iris chamaeiris subsp. olbiensis

authorship: (Hénon) K.Richt.

Iris chamaeiris subvar. alba

authorship: Rouy

Iris chamaeiris var. italica

authorship: (Parl.) Baker

Iris chamaeiris var. olbiensis

authorship: (Hénon) Baker

Iris fragrans

authorship: Salisb.

Iris italica

authorship: Parl.

Iris lisbonensis

authorship: Dykes

Iris longiflora

authorship: Vest

Iris lutescens f. crocea

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

Iris lutescens f. violacea

authorship: (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Iris lutescens subsp. chamaeiris

authorship: (Bertol.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Iris lutescens subsp. olbiensis

authorship: (Hénon) Rouy & Foucaud

authorship: (Hénon) Rouy

Iris lutescens subsp. segarrica

authorship: O.Bolòs & Conesa

Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora

authorship: (Brot.) D.A.Webb & Chater

Iris lutescens var. olbiensis

authorship: (Hénon) P.Fourn.

Iris olbiensis

authorship: Hénon

Iris polychroa

authorship: Gand.

Iris pumila subsp. chamaeiris

authorship: (Bertol.) Douin

Iris pyrenaica

authorship: L.

Iris sordida

authorship: Willd.

Iris subbiflora

authorship: Brot.

Iris virescens

authorship: Redouté

codes: FRA ITA POR SPA

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1787 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 意大利鸢尾 抱茎鸢尾

names: Iris jaunissant, Iris jaunâtre, Iris nain

partners:
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Eristalinus aeneus
Osmia cornuta
Xylocopa violacea

partners:
Anthophora dispar
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus terrestris
Ceratina chalcites
Eristalinus aeneus
Gonepteryx cleopatra
Osmia cornuta
Xylocopa violacea

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Aphis newtoni
Aphthona nonstriata
Aulacorthum solani
Celaena leucostigma
Clepsis spectrana
Dysaphis tulipae
Eumerus funeralis
Eumerus strigatus


slug: iris-macrosiphon

scientific: Iris macrosiphon

authorship: Torr.

epithet: macrosiphon

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot.  4(5; 4): 144 (1857)

preferred: bowltube iris

Iris amabilis

authorship: Eastw.

Iris californica

authorship: Leichtlin

Iris elata

authorship: Piper

Limniris macrosiphon

authorship: (Torr.) Rodion.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1988 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bowltube iris
ground iris

names: Ирис длиннотрубчатый

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: this perennial, evergreen iris

label: Flower colour

quote: It has golden yellow to apricot to cream to deep blue-purple to violet flowers

label: Phenology

value: blooms from April to May

quote: It blooms from April to May.

authors: Torr.

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 4): 144


slug: iris-mariae

scientific: Iris mariae

authorship: Barbey

epithet: mariae

Iris barnumiae var. mariae

authorship: (Barbey) Dykes

codes: PAL SIN

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: ex Gard. Kew, Herb. Pl. (1895) 241 (an I. mariae Barbey?)

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-milesii

scientific: Iris milesii

authorship: Baker ex Foster

epithet: milesii

Tectiris milesii

authorship: (Baker ex Foster) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: CHC CHT WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names: 红花鸢尾 马蔺子

label: Growth habit

authors: Baker ex Foster

published_in: Gard. Chron. n.s., 20: 231

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: iris-missouriensis

scientific: Iris missouriensis

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: missouriensis

published_in: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia  7: 58 (1834)

preferred: western blue flag

english:
western blue flag
Missouri flag
Rocky Mountain iris

source: inat

Dielsiris arizonica

authorship: (Dykes) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Dielsiris missouriensis

authorship: (Nutt.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Dielsiris pariensis

authorship: (S.L.Welsh) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Dielsiris pelogonus

authorship: (Goodd.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Iris arizonica

authorship: Dykes

Iris haematophylla var. valametica

authorship: Herb. ex Hook.

Iris longipetala var. montana

authorship: Baker

Iris missouriensis var. albiflora

authorship: Cockerell

Iris missouriensis var. arizonica

authorship: (Dykes) R.C.Foster

Iris missouriensis var. pelogonus

authorship: (Goodd.) R.C.Foster

Iris montana

authorship: Nutt. ex Dykes

Iris pelogonus

authorship: Goodd.

Iris tolmieana

authorship: Herb.

Limniris missouriensis

authorship: (Nutt.) Rodion.

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXE MNT NEB NEV NWM ORE SDA UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1994 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Iris versicolor

slug: iris-versicolor

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
Missouri flag
Rocky Mountain iris

partners:
Apoidea
Bombus
Chironomus macani
Osmia bella
Osmia longula
Parnassius smintheus
Selasphorus platycercus

partners:
Osmia
Acmaeodera connexa
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis
Bombus nevadensis
Osmia bella
Osmia longula
Papilio rutulus

partners:
Amphipoea keiferi
Bombus nevadensis
Meleagris gallopavo
Papilio rutulus
Papilio zelicaon

quote: Western blue flag is a perennial herb, usually evergreen and growing from a creeping, tuberous rhizome.

quote: Stems are 2-5 dm and sometimes branched.

quote: Blossoms of Iris missouriensis are pale lilac to whitish with lilac-purple veins.

quote: Irises start growing with the first cool weather and fall rains, reaching the height of their growth in spring and early summer.

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: iris-munzii

scientific: Iris munzii

epithet: munzii

published_in: Iridis Sp. Nov. : 2 (1938)

preferred: Munz's iris

Limniris munzii

authorship: (R.C.Foster) Rodion.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Woodiness

label: Life form

published_in: Iridis Sp. Nov. 2

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-nigricans

scientific: Iris nigricans

authorship: Dinsm.

epithet: nigricans

preferred: Black Iris

Palestine

code: PAL

region: Western Asia

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
السوسن الاسود
سوسن أسود

authors: Dinsm.

published_in: Post, Fl. Syria, Palest. & Sinai, ed. 2 ii. 600 (1933); Dinsm. Pl. Post. &Dinsm. Fasc. II. 11 (1934) (Publ. Am. Univ. Beirut, Nat. Sc. Ser. No. 1; et No.3)

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: iris-orientalis

scientific: Iris orientalis

authorship: Mill.

epithet: orientalis

preferred: yellowband iris

source: usda

Chamaeiris longipedicellata

authorship: (Czeczott) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris monnieri

authorship: (Redouté) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris orientalis

authorship: (Mill.) M.B.Crespo

Iris albida

authorship: Davidov

Iris gigantea

authorship: Carrière

Iris gueldenstaedtiana var. ochroleuca

authorship: (L.) K.Koch

Iris halophila var. ochroleuca

authorship: (L.) Hornem.

Iris longipedicellata

authorship: Czeczott

Iris monnieri

authorship: Redouté

Iris ochroleuca

authorship: L.

Iris orientalis var. gigantea

authorship: (Carrière) Lynch

Iris spuria subsp. monnieri

authorship: (Redouté) Dykes

Iris spuria subsp. ochroleuca

authorship: (L.) Dykes

Iris spuria var. ochroleuca

authorship: (L.) Ker Gawl.

Xiphion monnieri

authorship: (Redouté) Alef.

Xiphion ochroleucum

authorship: (L.) Alef.

Xyridion monnieri

authorship: (Redouté) Klatt

Xyridion ochroleucum

authorship: (L.) Klatt

Xyridion orientalis

authorship: (Mill.) Rodion.

codes: EAI TUR GRC

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 464 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Height

label: Life cycle

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 9

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: iris-palaestina

scientific: Iris palaestina

authorship: (Baker) Barbey

epithet: palaestina

published_in: Herbor. Levant : 159 (1882)

Iris planifolia subsp. palaestina

authorship: (Baker) Bolt.

Juno palaestina

authorship: (Baker) Klatt

Thelysia palaestina

authorship: (Baker) Mattei

Xiphion palaestinum

authorship: Baker

codes: LBS PAL

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 343 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Юнона палестинская

names: אירוס ארץ-ישראלי

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

source: GIFT

authors: Boiss.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-pallida

scientific: Iris pallida

authorship: Lam.

epithet: pallida

preferred: sweet iris

Iris asiatica

authorship: Tubergen

Iris australis var. mandraliscae

authorship: (Tod.) Nyman

Iris cengialti

authorship: Ambrosi ex A.Kern.

Iris cengialti f. veneta

authorship: Pamp.

Iris cengialti f. vochinensis

authorship: Paulin

Iris cengialti subsp. illyrica

authorship: (Fiori) Poldini

Iris cengialti subsp. portae

authorship: (Asch. & Graebn.) Trinajstić

Iris cengialti subsp. veneta

authorship: (Pamp.) Trinajstić

Iris cengialti subsp. vochinensis

authorship: (Paulin) Trinajstić

Iris cengialti var. illyrica

authorship: (Tomm. ex Vis.) Dykes

Iris cengialti var. loppio

authorship: Foster

Iris desertorum

authorship: Balb.

Iris florentina var. illyrica

authorship: (Tomm. ex Vis.) Fiori

Iris fulgida

authorship: Berg

Iris germanica subsp. illyrica

authorship: (Tomm. ex Vis.) Nyman

Iris germanica subsp. pallida

authorship: (Lam.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Iris gloriosa

authorship: Reider ex Berg

Iris hortensis

authorship: Tausch

Iris illyrica

authorship: Tomm. ex Vis.

Iris italica var. cengialti

authorship: (Ambrosi ex A.Kern.) Nyman

Iris mandraliscae

authorship: Tod.

Iris nudicaulis var. swertii

authorship: (Lam.) Anon.

Iris odoratissima

authorship: Jacq.

Iris pallida f. dalmatica

authorship: (Pamp.) Pamp.

Iris pallida f. portae

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Iris pallida subsp. mandraliscae

authorship: (Tod.) K.Richt.

Iris pallida var. loppio

authorship: (Foster) Dykes

Iris pallida var. odoratissima

authorship: (Jacq.) Nyman

Iris pallida var. rosea

authorship: Prodan

Iris pallide-caerulaea

authorship: Pers.

Iris picta

authorship: Spreng.

Iris propendens

authorship: Lange

Iris pseudopallida

authorship: Trinajstić

codes: LBS ITA YUG SAR SIC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 649 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sweet iris
Dalmatian Iris

names:
Bleiche Schwertlilie
Blassviolette Schwertlilie

names:
Iris pâle
iris de Florence

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: iris-planifolia

scientific: Iris planifolia

authorship: (Mill.) T.Durand & Schinz

epithet: planifolia

Coresantha alata

authorship: (Poir.) Klatt

Costia scorpioides

authorship: (Desf.) Willk.

Iris alata

authorship: Poir.

Iris alata f. parviflora

authorship: Batt.

Iris alata subsp. trialata

authorship: (Brot.) Nyman

Iris alata var. alba

authorship: E.Dammann ex Sprenger

Iris microptera

authorship: Lam.

Iris planifolia f. alba

authorship: (E.Dammann ex Sprenger) B.Mathew

Iris planifolia var. micrantha

authorship: (Batt.) Maire

Iris scorpioides

authorship: Desf.

Iris transtagana

authorship: Brot.

Juno alata

authorship: (Poir.) Rodion.

Juno planifolia

authorship: (Mill.) Asch.

Juno scorpioides

authorship: (Desf.) Tratt.

Neubeckia scorpioides

authorship: (Desf.) Alef.

Thelysia alata

authorship: (Poir.) Parl.

Thelysia grandiflora

authorship: Salisb.

Thelysia planifolia

authorship: (Mill.) Mattei

Xiphion alatum

authorship: (Poir.) Baker

Xiphion planifolium

authorship: Mill.

codes: ALG MOR TUN GRC KRI POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 698 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Mill.) Fiori & Paol.

published_in: Fl. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 1: 227

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: iris-pontica

scientific: Iris pontica

authorship: Zapał.

epithet: pontica

published_in: Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math.  1906(5): 326 (1906)

Chamaeiris marschalliana

authorship: (Bobrov) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Chamaeiris pontica

authorship: (Zapał.) M.B.Crespo

Iris humilis var. pontica

authorship: Prod.

Iris marschalliana

authorship: Bobrov

Limniris humilis

authorship: (Alef.) Fuss

Neubeckia humilis

authorship: Alef.

Xyridion ponticum

authorship: (Zapał.) Rodion.

codes: NCS ROM UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 172 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ирис черноморский

names: Півники понтичні

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun

authors: Zapał.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-potaninii

scientific: Iris potaninii

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: potaninii

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 26: 528 (1880)

Iris flavissima var. rupestris

authorship: Bunge

codes: ALT BRY CTA CHI IRK KRA CHM MON TVA

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 324 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Potanin Iris
curl-sheath iris

names: 卷鞘鸢尾 高原鸢尾子

names: Ирис Потанина

names: زنبق پوتانینی

names: Потанины цахилдаг

value: May-Jul

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xxvi. (1880) 528

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-prismatica

scientific: Iris prismatica

authorship: Pursh

epithet: prismatica

preferred: slender blue iris

source: wikidata

Iris boltoniana

authorship: Schult.

Iris gracilis

authorship: Bigelow

Iris prismatica var. austrina

authorship: Fernald

Iris sibirica var. trigonocarpa

authorship: (A.Braun & C.D.Bouché) Baker

Iris trigonocarpa

authorship: A.Braun & C.D.Bouché

Limniris prismatica

authorship: (Pursh) Rodion.

codes: ALA CNT DEL GEO KTY MAI MRY MAS NWH NWJ NWY NCA RHO SCA TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 265 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
slender blue iris
slender blue flag

partners:
Amphion floridensis
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Limochores mystic
Polites coras

source: USDA PLANTS


slug: iris-pseudacorus

scientific: Iris pseudacorus

authorship: L.

epithet: pseudacorus

preferred: Yellow Iris

english:
Yellow Iris
yellow flag
yellow iris
paleyellow iris

Acorus adulterinus

authorship: Garsault

authorship: Ludw.

Iris acoriformis

authorship: Boreau

Iris acoroides

authorship: Spach

Iris curtopetala

authorship: Redouté

Iris flava

authorship: Tornab.

Iris lutea

authorship: Lam.

Iris pallidior

authorship: Hill

Iris paludosa

authorship: Pers.

Iris palustris

authorship: Gaterau

authorship: Moench

Iris palustris var. pallida

authorship: Gray

Iris pseudacorus f. albescens

authorship: Neuman

Iris pseudacorus f. longiacuminata

authorship: Prodan

Iris pseudacorus f. submersa

authorship: Glück

Iris pseudacorus subsp. acoriformis

authorship: (Boreau) K.Richt.

Iris pseudacorus subvar. aurantiaca

authorship: Druce

Iris pseudacorus var. acoriformis

authorship: (Boreau) Baker

authorship: (Boreau) Nyman

Iris pseudacorus var. acoroides

authorship: (Spach) Baker

Iris pseudacorus var. citrina

authorship: Hook.

Iris pseudacorus var. longifolia

authorship: DC.

Iris pseudacorus var. ochroleuca

authorship: Peterm.

Iris pseudacorus var. parviflora

authorship: Bastard

Iris sativa

authorship: Mill.

Limnirion pseudacorus

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Limniris pseudacorus

authorship: (L.) Fuss

Moraea candolleana

authorship: Spreng.

Pseudo-iris palustris

authorship: Medik.

Xiphion acoroides

authorship: (Spach) Alef.

Xiphion pseudacorus

authorship: (L.) Schrank

Xyridion acoroideum

authorship: (Spach) Klatt

Xyridion pseudacorus

authorship: (L.) Klatt

codes: ALG MDR MOR TUN EAI IRN KAZ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Madeira

code: MDR

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2029 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
黃花鳶尾
黃菖蒲 (黃花鳶尾)

names: سوسن شمالي كاذب

names:
Ирис болотный
Ирис жёлтый

names: Півники болотні

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Andrena nigroaenea
Anthophora dispar
Anthophora furcata
Bombus humilis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lucorum
Triodia sylvina
Bombus
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Anthophora furcata
Aphthona nonstriata
Apis mellifera
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Calypte anna

partners:
Rhadinoceraea micans
Aphthona nonstriata
Mononychus punctumalbum
Acronicta rumicis
Aphis newtoni
Celaena leucostigma
Clepsis spectrana
Coenonympha oedippus

partners:
Chrysocharis polyzo
Hemiptarsenus unguicellus
Merismus megapterus
Pediobius metallicus
Puccinia iridis

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

quote: Paleyellow iris is perennial and grows from a stout rhizome

quote: Leaves range from 20 to 40 inches (50-100 centimeters) in length, or about as long as the flowering stem.

quote: Flowers are about three to four inches (8-10 centimeters) in diameter, and vary in color from pale yellow to nearly orange, pale yellow being the most common color

value: Most flowers bloom between May and July, but flowering can persist into November.


slug: iris-pseudonotha

scientific: Iris pseudonotha

authorship: Galushko

epithet: pseudonotha

published_in: Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. : 9 (1983)

Chamaeiris pseudonotha

authorship: (Galushko) M.B.Crespo

Xyridion pseudonothum

authorship: (Galushko) Rodion.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ирис Ложноненастоящий

authors: Galushko

published_in: in A.I. Galushko (ed.), Fl. Severn. Kavkaza i Voprosy ee istorii 9 (1983)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-pseudopumila

scientific: Iris pseudopumila

authorship: Tineo

epithet: pseudopumila

published_in: Cat. Pl. Hort. Panorm. : 283 (1827)

Iris erratica

authorship: Tod.

Iris lutescens

authorship: Guss.

Iris pseudopumila subsp. panormitana

authorship: (Tod.) K.Richt.

Iris pseudopumila var. panormitana

authorship: (Tod.) Nyman

codes: ITA YUG SIC

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 205 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Southern Dwarf-iris
Southern dwarf iris

names:
Gaggiolo siciliano
Giaggiolo siciliano

authors: Tineo

published_in: Cat. Pl. Hort. Panorm. 283


slug: iris-pumila

scientific: Iris pumila

authorship: L.

epithet: pumila

preferred: dwarf iris

Iris aequiloba

authorship: Ledeb.

Iris angustifolia

authorship: Mill.

Iris clusiana

authorship: Rchb.

Iris clusiana var. transsilvanica

authorship: (Schur) Schur

Iris coerulea

authorship: Spach

Iris gracilis

authorship: Berg

Iris grandis

authorship: (Velen.) Velen.

Iris napocae

authorship: Prodan

Iris napocae var. macrocarpa

authorship: (Prodan) Prodan

Iris pumila f. albiflora

authorship: Schur

Iris pumila f. romanica

authorship: Prodan & Borza

Iris pumila subsp. aequiloba

authorship: (Ledeb.) K.Richt.

Iris pumila subsp. grandis

authorship: (Velen.) Hayek

Iris pumila subsp. stenoloba

authorship: (A.DC. ex Baker) K.Richt.

Iris pumila subsp. taurica

authorship: (Anon.) Rodion. & Shevch.

Iris pumila subsp. transsilvanica

authorship: (Schur) Asch. & Graebn.

Iris pumila subsp. tristis

authorship: (Nyman) K.Richt.

Iris pumila unranked aurea

authorship: J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies

Iris pumila var. grandis

authorship: Velen.

Iris pumila var. lutea

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Iris pumila var. scapifera

authorship: Borbás

Iris pumila var. stenoloba

authorship: (A.DC. ex Baker) Baker

Iris pumila var. tristis

authorship: Nyman

Iris stenoloba

authorship: A.DC. ex Baker

Iris taurica

authorship: Anon.

Iris violacea

authorship: Sweet

codes: KAZ NCS TCS ALB AUT BUL RUC CZE RUE HUN KRY YUG ROM RUS UKR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2063 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Півники карликові

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Melecta tuberculata
Xylocopa violacea


slug: iris-purdyi

scientific: Iris purdyi

authorship: Eastw.

epithet: purdyi

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 1: 78 (1897)

preferred: Purdy's iris

Iris macrosiphon var. purdyi

authorship: (Eastw.) Jeps.

Limniris purdyi

authorship: (Eastw.) Rodion.

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: forb/herb

quote: Purdy’s iris has leaves that are shiny green on top, gray-green and glaucous underneath.

quote: most are long lived

value: blooms in May and June

quote: Flowers bloom in May and June.

authors: Eastw.

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 3, Bot. 1: 78, pl. 7

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-reichenbachiana

scientific: Iris reichenbachiana

authorship: Klatt

epithet: reichenbachiana

Chamaeiris reichenbachiana

authorship: (Klatt) M.B.Crespo

name: Chamaeiris reichenbachiana var. hispanica

authorship: (Bernátsky) M.B.Crespo

Iris maritima

authorship: Lam.

Iris spathulata f. hispanica

authorship: Bernátsky

Iris spuria subsp. maritima

authorship: (Dykes) C.E.Lundstr.

authorship: (Lam.) P.Fourn.

Iris spuria var. hispanica

authorship: Dykes

Iris spuria var. reichenbachiana

authorship: (Klatt) Dykes

Xyridion maritimum

authorship: (Dykes) Rodion.

Xyridion reichenbachianum

authorship: (Klatt) Klatt

codes: ALG TUN FRA ITA SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Tunisia

code: TUN

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 334 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Iris de Reichenbach
Iris de Reichenbach, Iris maritime

authors: Klatt


slug: iris-reichenbachii

scientific: Iris reichenbachii

authorship: Heuff.

epithet: reichenbachii

Iris athoa

authorship: Foster

Iris balkana

authorship: Janka

Iris bosniaca

authorship: (Beck) Dörfl.

Iris chamaeiris subsp. balkana

authorship: (Janka) K.Richt.

Iris chamaeiris var. balkana

authorship: (Janka) Baker

Iris livida

authorship: James Booth ex Berg

Iris reichenbachii var. balkana

authorship: (Janka) Acht.

Iris reichenbachii var. bosniaca

authorship: Beck

Iris reichenbachii var. lutea

authorship: Peia

Iris reichenbachii var. tenuifolia

authorship: Velen.

Iris serbica

authorship: Pančić

Iris virescens subsp. bosniaca

authorship: (Beck) K.Richt.

Iris virescens subsp. reichenbachii

authorship: (Heuff.) Nyman

codes: EAI ALB BUL GRC YUG ROM

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 201 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ирис Рейхенбаха

names:
Iris de Reichenbach
Iris des Balkans

authors: Heuff.

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 28


slug: iris-reticulata

scientific: Iris reticulata

epithet: reticulata

Iridodictyum hyrcanum

authorship: (Woronow ex Grossh.) Rodion.

Iridodictyum kurdicum

authorship: (Rukšāns) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Iridodictyum reticulatum

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Rodion.

Iris histrio var. atropurpurea

authorship: (Dykes) Dykes

Iris hyrcana

authorship: Woronow ex Grossh.

Iris kurdica

authorship: (Rukšāns) Rukšāns

Iris reticulata var. atropurpurea

authorship: Dykes

Iris reticulata var. bakeriana

authorship: Reuthe

Iris reticulata var. cyanea

authorship: Regel

Iris reticulata var. kurdica

authorship: Rukšāns

Neubeckia reticulata

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Alef.

Xiphion krelagii

authorship: (Regel) Klatt

Xiphion reticulatum

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Klatt

codes: IRN IRQ NCS TCS TKM TUR

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 446 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Netted Iris
Winter Iris

names: 网脉鸢尾 葱鸢尾

names: Ирис сетчатый

names: Півники сітчасті

partners:
Apis mellifera
Osmia cornuta

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: Apr

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 34


slug: iris-rossii

scientific: Iris rossii

authorship: Baker

epithet: rossii

preferred: long-tail iris

Iris iyoana

authorship: Makino

Iris rossii f. albiflora

authorship: Y.X.Ma & Y.T.Zhao

Iris rossii f. latifolia

authorship: (J.K.Sim & Y.S.Kim) M.Kim

Iris rossii var. alba

authorship: (Y.N.Lee) Y.N.Lee

Iris rossii var. latifolia

authorship: J.K.Sim & Y.S.Kim

Zhaoanthus rossii

authorship: (Baker) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: JAP KOR CHM

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 184 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 柔鸢尾 长尾鸢尾

names: エヒメアヤメ タレユエソウ

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Eucera nipponensis
Oedemeronia lucidicollis

authors: Baker

published_in: Gard. Chron. n.s., 8: 809


slug: iris-ruthenica

scientific: Iris ruthenica

authorship: Ker Gawl.

epithet: ruthenica

Iris alpina

authorship: Pall. ex Roem. & Schult.

Iris brevituba

authorship: (Maxim.) Vved.

Iris caespitosa

authorship: Pall. ex Link

Iris humilis

authorship: Schur

Iris nana

authorship: (Maxim.) Nakai

Iris ruthenica var. albiflora

authorship: Bunge

Iris ruthenica var. brevituba

authorship: Maxim.

Iris ruthenica var. uniglumis

authorship: Spach

Iris verna

authorship: Pall.

Joniris brevituba

authorship: (Maxim.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Joniris caespitosa

authorship: (Pall. ex Link) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Joniris ruthenica

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Klatt

Limniris ruthenica

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Fuss

Xiphion ruthenicum

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Alef.

codes: ALT BRY CHN CHC CHS CHI IRK KAZ KGZ KOR KRA CHM MON PRM CHQ TVA WSB CHX EHM ROM

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Romania

code: ROM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1973 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Beardless iris
Pilgrim Iris

names: 青海鸢尾子 紫苞鸢尾

names:
Ирис русский
Касатик русский

names: コカキツバタ マンシュウアヤメ

names:
Erdei nőszirom
gyepes nőszirom

names: Эвт цахилдаг

partners:
Andrena sp.
Anthophora
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossum virideglaucum
Melitta
Rhingia binotata

partners:
Andrena
Anthophora
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossum virideglaucum
Melitta
Rhingia binotata


slug: iris-sabina

scientific: Iris sabina

epithet: sabina

published_in: Atti Real Ist. Incoragg. Sci. Nat. Napoli, ser. 5, 1(5): 7 (1899)

Italy

code: ITA

published_in: Atti Reale Ist. Incoragg. Napoli Ser. 5, 1(5): 7

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: iris-sanguinea

scientific: Iris sanguinea

authorship: Hornem.

epithet: sanguinea

preferred: blood iris

Iris extremorientalis

authorship: Koidz.

Iris haematophylla

authorship: Fisch.

Iris kamayama

authorship: Makino

Iris nertchinskia

authorship: Anon.

Iris nertchinskia f. albostellata

authorship: Tuyama

Iris orientalis

authorship: Thunb.

Iris sanguinea f. albostellata

authorship: (Tuyama) Nob.Tanaka

Iris sanguinea f. stellata

authorship: (Makino) Makino

Iris sanguinea f. tetrapetala

authorship: Doronkin

Iris sibirica var. orientalis

authorship: (Schrank) Baker

Iris sibirica var. sanguinea

authorship: (Hornem.) Ker Gawl.

Limniris sanguinea

authorship: (Hornem.) Rodion.

Limniris sanguinea var. tobataensis

authorship: (S.Akiyama & Iwashina) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Limniris sanguinea var. violacea

authorship: (Makino) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Limniris yixingensis

authorship: (Y.T.Zhao) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Xiphion orientale

authorship: Schrank

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM MON PRM SAK YAK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1999 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blood iris
Bloodred Iris

names: 溪荪 东方鸢属

partners:
Bombus ardens
Bombus beaticola
Bombus consobrinus
Bombus diversus
Bombus honshuensis
Bombus hypocrita
Oedemeronia subrobusta
Papilio machaon

partners:
Bombus ardens
Bombus auricomus
Bombus diversus
Bombus honshuensis
Bombus hypocrita
Danaus plexippus
Hemaris thysbe
Lon hobomok


slug: iris-savannarum

scientific: Iris savannarum

authorship: Small

epithet: savannarum

Iris hexagona var. savannarum

authorship: (Small) R.C.Foster

Iris savannarum f. albispiritus

authorship: (Small) N.C.Hend.

Iris savannarum var. kimballiae

authorship: (Small) D.B.Ward

Phaeiris albispiritus

authorship: (Small) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: ALA FLA GEO

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1325 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
prairie iris
savanna iris

partners:
Bombus bimaculatus
Cecropterus pylades
Euglossa dilemma
Papilio palamedes
Pygodasis quadrimaculata
Polites otho
Wallengrenia otho

authors: Small

published_in: Addisonia 9: 57, pl. 317


slug: iris-setosa

scientific: Iris setosa

authorship: Pall. ex Link

epithet: setosa

preferred: beachhead iris

Iris arctica

authorship: Eastw.

Iris brachycuspis

authorship: Fisch. ex Sims

Iris brevicuspis

authorship: Fisch. ex Schult.

Iris interior

authorship: (E.S.Anderson) Czerep.

Iris setosa subsp. interior

authorship: (E.S.Anderson) Hultén

Iris setosa var. platyrhyncha

authorship: Hultén

Iris yedoensis

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Limniris interior

authorship: (E.S.Anderson) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Limniris setosa

authorship: (Pall. ex Link) Rodion.

Xiphion brachycuspis

authorship: (Fisch. ex Sims) Alef.

Xyridion setosum

authorship: (Pall. ex Link) Klatt

codes: AMU IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM PRM SAK YAK RUN ASK ALU BRC YUK

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Primorye

code: PRM

North European Russia

code: RUN

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
beachhead iris
Alaska iris

names: 山鸢尾花 山鸢尾

names: Ирис щетинистый

names:
iris d'Alaska
iris à pétales aigus

partners:
Aporia crataegi
Rheumaptera hastata

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Ochlodes venata

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites


slug: iris-sibirica

scientific: Iris sibirica

authorship: L.

epithet: sibirica

preferred: German Iris

english:
German Iris
Siberian iris

Biris sibirica

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Iris acuta

authorship: Willd.

Iris angustifolia

authorship: Gilib.

Iris bicolor

authorship: Mill.

Iris erirrhiza

authorship: Posp.

Iris flexuosa

authorship: Murray

Iris mandraliscae

authorship: Tineo ex Tornab.

Iris pratensis

authorship: Lam.

Iris pseudosibirica

authorship: Schur

Iris sibirica f. albiflora

authorship: Makino

Iris sibirica var. acuta

authorship: (Willd.) Trevir.

Iris sibirica var. albida

authorship: Regel

Iris sibirica var. erirrhiza

authorship: (Posp.) Asch. & Graebn.

Iris sibirica var. flexuosa

authorship: (Murray) Ker Gawl.

Iris sibirica var. haematophylla

authorship: Besser

Iris sibirica var. typica

authorship: Maxim.

Iris spathulata

authorship: Cav.

Iris stricta

authorship: Moench

Ixia angustifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Limnirion sibiricum

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Limniris sibirica

authorship: (L.) Fuss

Xiphion flexuosum

authorship: (Murray) Alef.

Xiphion pratense

authorship: Parl.

Xiphion sibiricum

authorship: (L.) Schrank

Xyridion flexuosum

authorship: (Murray) Klatt

Xyridion sibiricum

authorship: (L.) Klatt

codes: ALT KAZ KRA MON NCS TCS TUR WSB AUT BLT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG RUN RUW POL ROM RUS SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2055 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 西伯利亚鸢尾 西伯利亞鳶尾

names:
Ирис сибирский
Касатик сибирский

names: Півники сибірські

partners:
Anthophora dispar
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Eristalinus aeneus
Osmia cornuta
Xylocopa violacea

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus fervidus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus lucorum
Hyles gallii
Lon hobomok
Megachile
Mononychus punctumalbum

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphis newtoni
Aphthona nonstriata
Aulacorthum solani


slug: iris-sintenisii

scientific: Iris sintenisii

authorship: Janka

epithet: sintenisii

published_in: Természetrajzi Füz.  1: 244 (1877)

Chamaeiris collina

authorship: (N.Terracc.) Del Guacchio

Chamaeiris lorea

authorship: (Janka) Peruzzi, F.Conti & Bartolucci

Chamaeiris sintenisii

authorship: (Janka) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris urumovii

authorship: (Velen.) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris urumovii subsp. brandzae

authorship: (Prodan) M.B.Crespo

Iris brandzae

authorship: Prodan

Iris foetidissima subsp. lorea

authorship: (Janka) K.Richt.

Iris graminea var. collina

authorship: (N.Terracc.) Fiori

Iris urumovii

authorship: Velen.

Xiphion gramineum subsp. loreum

authorship: (Janka) Arcang.

Xyridion sintenisii

authorship: (Janka) Rodion.

codes: TUR ALB BUL GRC ITA YUG ROM TUE UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 218 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ирис Синтениса

names: ايريس سينتينيسى

names: Синтенисова перуника

authors: Janka

published_in: Természetrajzi Füz. 1: 244


slug: iris-speculatrix

scientific: Iris speculatrix

authorship: Hance

epithet: speculatrix

preferred: Hong Kong Iris

Evansia speculathrix

authorship: (Hance) Klatt

Iris grijsii

authorship: Maxim.

Limniris grijsii

authorship: (Maxim.) Rodion.

Zhaoanthus speculatrix

authorship: (Hance) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH CHQ CHT

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hong Kong Iris
small-flower iris

names: 小花鳶尾 小花鸢尾

authors: Hance


slug: iris-spuria

scientific: Iris spuria

authorship: L.

epithet: spuria

preferred: Blue Iris

english:
Blue Iris
seashore iris

Chamaeiris carthaliniae

authorship: (Fomin) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris prilipkoana

authorship: (Kem.-Nath.) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris spuria

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Chamaeiris spuria var. danica

authorship: (Dykes) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris violacea

authorship: (Klatt) M.B.Crespo

Chamaeiris xanthospuria

authorship: (B.Mathew & T.Baytop) M.B.Crespo

Iris cardiopetala

authorship: Borbás

Iris carthaliniae

authorship: Fomin

Iris daenensis

authorship: Kotschy ex Baker

Iris demetrii

authorship: Achv. & Mirzoeva

Iris gueldenstadtiana subsp. subbarbata

authorship: (Joó) Nyman

name: Iris gueldenstaedtiana subsp. subbarbata

Iris sordida

authorship: Retz.

Iris spathacea

authorship: J.St.-Hil. ex Roem. & Schult.

Iris spathulata

authorship: Lam.

Iris spuria subsp. dierinckii

authorship: (K.Koch ex Baker) Asch. & Graebn.

Iris spuria subsp. subbarbata

authorship: (Joó) C.E.Lundstr.

Iris spuria var. daenensis

authorship: (Kotschy ex Baker) Baker

Iris spuria var. danica

authorship: Dykes

Iris spuria var. dierinckii

authorship: K.Koch ex Baker

Iris spuria var. major

authorship: Rchb.

Iris spuria var. subbarbata

authorship: (Joó) Baker

Iris subbarbata

authorship: Joó

Iris violacea

authorship: Klatt

Iris xanthospuria

authorship: B.Mathew & T.Baytop

Limniris spuria

authorship: (L.) Fuss

Xiphion spurium

authorship: (L.) Alef.

Xyridion carthaliniae

authorship: (Fomin) Rodion.

Xyridion demetrii

authorship: (Achv. & Mirzoeva) Rodion.

Xyridion spurium

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Xyridion xanthospurium

authorship: (B.Mathew & T.Baytop) Rodion.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR AUT CZE DEN FRA GER HUN SWE

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Austria

code: AUT

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Sweden

code: SWE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 266 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Blue Iris
seashore iris

names: 拟鸢尾 琴瓣鸢尾

names:
Iris bâtard
iris des steppes

names:
blå svärdslilja
dansk iris

names:
kosatec žlutofialový
kosatec zvrhlý

names:
Korcs nőszirom
fátyolos nőszirom

names: Перуника бастардна

names:
Gellesg Glas
Gellesgen Las

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Cerodontha iridis
Rhadinoceraea micans


slug: iris-suaveolens

scientific: Iris suaveolens

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

epithet: suaveolens

Iris mellita

authorship: Janka

Iris rubromarginata

authorship: Baker

Iris rubromarginata subsp. mellita

authorship: (Janka) K.Richt.

Iris suaveolens f. aureoflava

authorship: Prodan

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss. & Reut.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 13: 15

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-tectorum

scientific: Iris tectorum

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: tectorum

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 15: 380 (1870)

preferred: wall iris

Evansia tectorum

authorship: (Maxim.) Klatt

Iris chinensis

authorship: Bunge

Iris rosthornii

authorship: Diels

Iris tectorum f. alba

authorship: (Dykes) Makino

Iris tectorum var. alba

authorship: Dykes

Iris tectorum var. aurescens

authorship: Nakai

Iris tomiolopha

authorship: Hance

Tectiris tectorum

authorship: (Maxim.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wall iris
Cockscomb-like water iris

names: 紫蝴蝶 鳶尾

names: Ирис кровельный

names: イチハツ 一八

partners:
Apis mellifera
Eucerini
Lasioglossum
Vespidae
Muscidae
Muscidae sp.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xv. (1871) 380


slug: iris-tenax

scientific: Iris tenax

authorship: Douglas ex Lindl.

epithet: tenax

preferred: Oregon iris

english:
Oregon iris
tough-leaved iris
toughleaf iris

Iris gormanii

authorship: Piper

Iris tenax var. gormanii

authorship: (Piper) R.C.Foster

Joniris tenax

authorship: (Douglas ex Lindl.) Klatt

Limniris klamathensis

authorship: (L.W.Lenz) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Limniris tenax

authorship: (Douglas ex Lindl.) Rodion.

codes: CAL ORE WAS

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Oregon iris
tough-leaved iris

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Andrena astragali
Apis mellifera
Bombus huntii
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Eucera frater
Lasioglossum titusi

partners:
Bombus vosnesenskii
Agapostemon virescens
Andrena astragali
Apis mellifera
Bombus flavidus
Bombus huntii
Bombus mixtus
Bombus nevadensis

label: Growth form

value: Rhizomatous

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: yellow-green

value: purple


slug: iris-tenuifolia

scientific: Iris tenuifolia

authorship: Pall.

epithet: tenuifolia

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich.  3: 714 (1776)

Cryptobasis mariae

authorship: Mavrodiev

Cryptobasis tenuifolia

authorship: (Pall.) Nevski

Joniris tenuifolia

authorship: (Pall.) Klatt

Neubeckia tenuifolia

authorship: (Pall.) Alef.

Xiphion tenuifolium

authorship: (Pall.) Schrank

codes: AFG CHN CTA CHI IRN KAZ KGZ CHM MON CHQ TZK CHT TKM UZB CHX PAK RUE RUS

Afghanistan

code: AFG

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Pakistan

code: PAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 280 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 老牛揣 细叶莺尾

names: Ирис тонколистный

names: Нарийн навчит цахилдаг

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: geophyte

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-tenuis

scientific: Iris tenuis

epithet: tenuis

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  17: 380 (1882)

preferred: Clackamas iris

Rodionenkoa tenuis

authorship: (S.Watson) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xvii. (1881-82) 380


slug: iris-tenuissima

scientific: Iris tenuissima

authorship: Dykes

epithet: tenuissima

preferred: longtube iris

Iris citrina

authorship: Eastw.

Iris tenuissima subsp. purdyiformis

authorship: (R.C.Foster) L.W.Lenz

Limniris purdyiformis

authorship: (R.C.Foster) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Limniris tenuissima

authorship: (Dykes) Rodion.

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 584 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
longtube iris
long-tube iris

authors: Dykes

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 51: 18


slug: iris-tigridia

scientific: Iris tigridia

authorship: Bunge ex Ledeb.

epithet: tigridia

Iris pandurata

authorship: Maxim.

codes: ALT CHN CHC CHI KAZ CHM MON CHQ TVA

Altay

code: ALT

China South-Central

code: CHC

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tuva

code: TVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 298 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 粗根鸢尾 老牛揣

names: Касатик тигровый

names: アンザンアヤメ フトネアヤメ

names: Бар цоохор цахилдаг

value: Apr-May

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Bunge

published_in: Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] i. 60


slug: iris-tridentata

scientific: Iris tridentata

authorship: Pursh

epithet: tridentata

preferred: savannah iris

Iris falconeriana

authorship: Penny ex Loudon

Iris tripetala

authorship: Walter

Limniris tridentata

authorship: (Pursh) Rodion.

Xyridion tridentatum

authorship: (Pursh) Klatt

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU NCA SCA TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 315 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
savannah iris
Savanna Iris

partners:
Euglossa dilemma
Euphyes arpa
Oligoria maculata

label: Growth habit

authors: Pursh

published_in: Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 1: 30

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-tuberosa

scientific: Iris tuberosa

authorship: L.

epithet: tuberosa

Hermodactylus bispathaceus

authorship: Sweet

Hermodactylus calatajeronensis

authorship: Tod. ex Lojac.

Hermodactylus tuberosus

authorship: (L.) Mill.

name: Hermodactylus tuberosus subsp. longifolius

authorship: (Sweet) K.Richt.

name: Hermodactylus tuberosus var. longifolius

authorship: (Sweet) Baker

Hermodactylus zambranii

authorship: Lojac.

Iris bispathacea

authorship: (Sweet) Spach

codes: EAI TUR ALB COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 748 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Snake's-Head Iris
Snakeshead Iris

names: Гермодактилус клубневый

names:
Iris des serpents
Iris tubereux

names: bellavedova Boccadilupo

names:
Gellesgen y Weddw
Iris Balfaidd

partners:
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Eristalinus aeneus
Osmia cornuta
Xylocopa violacea

partners:
Aphis newtoni
Aphthona nonstriata
Aulacorthum solani
Celaena leucostigma
Clepsis spectrana
Dysaphis tulipae
Eumerus funeralis
Eumerus strigatus

authors: L.


slug: iris-unguicularis

scientific: Iris unguicularis

authorship: Poir.

epithet: unguicularis

published_in: Voy. Barbarie  2: 86 (1789)

Iris cretensis

authorship: Janka

Iris cretica

authorship: Herb.

Iris humilis

authorship: Sieber ex Baker

Iris humilis subsp. cretensis

authorship: (Janka) Nyman

Iris stylosa

authorship: Desf.

Iris stylosa var. angustifolia

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Iris unguicularis f. albiflora

authorship: Maire & Weiller

Iris unguicularis f. lilacina

authorship: Spreng. ex André

Iris unguicularis var. angustifolia

authorship: (Boiss. & Heldr.) A.P.Davis & Jury

Iris unguicularis var. carica

authorship: (Wern.Schulze) A.P.Davis & Jury

Joniris stylosa

authorship: (Desf.) Klatt

Neubeckia stylosa

authorship: (Desf.) Alef.

Siphonostylis carica

authorship: (Wern.Schulze) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Siphonostylis carica var. angustifolia

authorship: (Boiss. & Heldr.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Siphonostylis cretensis

authorship: (Janka) Wern.Schulze

Siphonostylis unguicularis

authorship: (Poir.) Wern.Schulze

codes: ALG MOR TUN EAI LBS TUR GRC KRI

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 578 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Algerian Iris
winter-flowering iris

names: Ирис ноготковый

names:
Iris d'Alger
Iris d'Algérie

names:
Giaggiolo a foglie strette
Iris d'Algeria

names: Ίρις η ονυχοφόρος

names:
gellesgen Algeria
Gellesg Algeria

authors: Poir.

published_in: Voy. Barbarie ii. 86


slug: iris-uniflora

scientific: Iris uniflora

authorship: Pall. ex Link

epithet: uniflora

Iris ruthenica var. uniflora

authorship: (Pall. ex Link) Baker

Iris uniflora f. caricina

authorship: (Kitag.) P.Y.Fu & Y.A.Chen

Iris uniflora var. caricina

authorship: Kitag.

Joniris uniflora

authorship: (Pall. ex Link) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Joniris uniflora var. caricina

authorship: (Kitag.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Limniris uniflora

authorship: (Pall. ex Link) Rodion.

codes: AMU BRY CTA CHI KHA KOR CHM MON PRM YAK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 269 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 单花鸢尾 单花鸢尾子

names:
Ирис одноцветковый
Касатик одноцветковый

value: May

authors: Pall. ex Link

published_in: Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): 71

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: iris-variegata

scientific: Iris variegata

authorship: L.

epithet: variegata

preferred: Hungarian iris

Iris belgica

authorship: Jacques

Iris flavescens

authorship: Redouté

Iris lepida

authorship: Heuff.

Iris limbata

authorship: Besser ex Steud.

Iris mangaliae

authorship: Prodan

Iris reginae

authorship: Horvat & M.D.Horvat

Iris squalens subsp. lepida

authorship: (Heuff.) Nyman

Iris variegata subsp. leucographa

authorship: (A.Kern.) Nyman

Iris variegata var. amoena

authorship: Spach

Iris variegata var. aurea

authorship: Priszter

Iris variegata var. belgica

authorship: (Jacques) Spach

Iris variegata var. foienii

authorship: Prodan & Buia

codes: AUT BUL CZE GER GRC HUN YUG ROM UKR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 619 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 纹瓣鸢尾 黄褐鸢尾

names: Ирис пёстрый

names:
Bunte Schwertlilie
Bunt-Schwertlilie

names:
Iris panache
Iris panaché

names: Півники рябі

names: japaniris skjeggiris

names:
joonik iiris
sidrunkollane iiris

names: skjeggiris japaniris

partners:
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Eristalinus aeneus
Mononychus punctumalbum
Osmia cornuta
Xylocopa violacea

partners:
Mononychus punctumalbum
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Eristalinus aeneus
Osmia cornuta
Xylocopa violacea

partners:
Cetonia aurata
Cryptocephalus
Aphis newtoni
Aphthona nonstriata
Aulacorthum solani
Celaena leucostigma
Clepsis spectrana
Dysaphis tulipae

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: iris-verna

scientific: Iris verna

epithet: verna

preferred: dwarf violet iris

Gattenhofia verna

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana

authorship: (Fernald ex M.E.Edwards) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Iris nana

authorship: Pers.

Iris vernalis

authorship: Salisb.

Neubeckia verna

authorship: (L.) Small

codes: ALA ARK WDC FLA GEO KTY MRY MSO NCA OHI PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Missouri

code: MSO

region: North-Central U.S.A.

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1989 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dwarf violet iris
dwarf iris


slug: iris-versicolor

scientific: Iris versicolor

authorship: L.

epithet: versicolor

preferred: northern blue flag

english:
northern blue flag
blue flag
harlequin blueflag
water flag

source: inat

Iris boltoniana

authorship: Regel

Iris caurina

authorship: Herb. ex Hook.

Iris picta

authorship: Mill.

Iris versicolor f. albocaerulea

authorship: Rousseau

Iris versicolor f. murrayana

authorship: Fernald

Iris versicolor var. blandescens

authorship: Nieuwl.

Iris versicolor var. communis

authorship: Torr.

Iris versicolor var. flaccida

authorship: (Spach) Baker

Iris versicolor var. robusta

authorship: Farw.

Limniris versicolor

authorship: (L.) Rodion.

Xiphion flaccidum

authorship: (Spach) Alef.

Xiphion versicolor

authorship: (L.) Alef.

codes: CNT LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NSC NUN OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO VER VRG WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Vermont

code: VER

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Salicylic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarthritic Antibacterial Antidandruff Antidermatotic Antieczemic Antiichthyosic

Iridin

activities: Aperient Cathartic Cholinergic Cosmetic Diuretic Hepatotonic Laxative Perfumery

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Furfural

activities: Antiseptic FLavor Fungicide Insecticide Irritant Pesticide

Lauric-acid

activities: Antibacterial Antioxidant Antiviral COX-1-Inhibitor COX-2-Inhibitor Candidicide Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

names:
Schillernde Schwertlilie
Verschiedenfarbige Iris

names: Iris versicolore, Iris changeant, Iris bigarré

partners:
Ageniella accepta
Andrena geranii
Andrena miserabilis
Andrena spiraeana
Anoplodera pubera
Anthocomus erichsoni
Anthophora ursina
Apallates coxendix

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Eucera rosae
Euphyes bimacula
Lon hobomok
Agapostemon texanus
Amphion floridensis
Analeptura lineola

partners:
Amphion floridensis
Anania funebris
Ceratina mikmaqi
Eurimyia stipatus
Lasioglossum pectorale
Lasioglossum zonulus
Lon hobomok
Papilio troilus

partners:
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Agapostemon splendens
Agapostemon virescens
Amphion floridensis
Analeptura lineola
Anthophora terminalis
Bombus borealis
Ceratina calcarata

quote: large blue to violet-blue showy flowers.


slug: iris-virginica

scientific: Iris virginica

epithet: virginica

preferred: Virginia iris

Iris convoluta

authorship: Raf.

Iris georgiana

authorship: Britton

Iris shrevei

authorship: Small

Iris versicolor f. virginica

authorship: (L.) Voss

Iris versicolor var. shrevei

authorship: (Small) B.Boivin

Iris versicolor var. virginica

authorship: (L.) Baker

Iris virginica var. shrevei

authorship: (Small) E.S.Anderson

Limniris shrevei

authorship: (Small) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: ALA ARK WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1950 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ирис виргинский

partners:
Apoidea
Bombus
Coleoptera
Epargyreus clarus
Euphyes bimacula
Papilio palamedes

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Anthophora terminalis
Eurimyia stipatus
Archilochus colubris
Bombus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Epargyreus clarus

partners:
Anthophora terminalis
Archilochus colubris
Bombus griseocollis
Mononychus vulpeculus

partners:
Archilochus colubris
Anthophora terminalis
Bombus griseocollis
Epargyreus clarus
Euphyes bimacula
Mononychus vulpeculus
Polites coras
Polites origenes

quote: the plant has 2 to 4 erect or arching, bright green, lance-shaped leaves

quote: The petals and sepals can vary in color from dark-violet to pinkish-white.

quote: Each plant has 2 to 6 flowers that bloom from April to May


slug: iris-xiphium

scientific: Iris xiphium

authorship: L.

epithet: xiphium

preferred: Spanish iris

Iris coronaria

authorship: Salisb.

Iris hispanica

authorship: Tubergen

Iris lusitanica

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Iris lusitanica var. sordida

authorship: Nyman

Iris spectabilis

authorship: Spach

Iris taitii

authorship: Foster

Iris variabilis

authorship: Jacq.

Iris variabilis subsp. lusitanica

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) K.Richt.

Iris xiphium f. durandoi

authorship: Batt.

Iris xiphium prol. hispanica

authorship: (Tubergen) Cout.

Iris xiphium prol. lusitanica

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Samp.

Iris xiphium var. castrensis

authorship: Costa

Iris xiphium var. lusitanica

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Foster

Iris xiphium var. praecox

authorship: Dykes

Xiphion lusitanicum

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Alef.

Xiphion verum

authorship: Schrank

Xiphion vulgare

authorship: Mill.

Xiphion vulgare var. lusitanicum

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Baker

Xiphion xiphium

authorship: (L.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Xiphion xiphium var. battandieri

authorship: (Foster) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Xiphion xiphium var. lusitanicum

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

Xiphion xiphium var. praecox

authorship: (Dykes) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev

codes: ALG MOR TUN COR FRA ITA POR SAR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 720 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names: 葡萄牙鸢尾 西班牙鸢尾

names: Maios lírio-de-Espanha

names: Iris à feuilles en forme de glaive, Iris d'Espagne

names:
gellesgen Sbaen
Gellesg Sbaen

partners:
Hoplia chlorophana
Horistus orientalis
Nustera distigma
Oxythyrea funesta
Synema globosum


slug: iris-florentina

scientific: Iris × florentina

authorship: L.

epithet: florentina

Iris albicans

authorship: Lange

Iris albicans var. madonna

authorship: (Sprenger) Dykes

Iris albicans var. majoricensis

authorship: (Barceló) Nyman

Iris florentina subsp. albicans

authorship: (Lange) K.Richt.

Iris florentina var. albicans

authorship: (Lange) Baker

Iris florentina var. madonna

authorship: (Sprenger) L.H.Bailey

Iris germanica subsp. albicans

authorship: (Lange) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Iris germanica var. florentina

authorship: (L.) Dykes

Iris madonna

authorship: Sprenger

Iris majoricensis

authorship: Barceló

Iris officinalis

authorship: Salisb.

codes: SAU YEM

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Yemen

code: YEM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 816 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Woodiness

label: Flower colour

value: white

value: Mar-Apr

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: iris-germanica

scientific: Iris × germanica

epithet: germanica

Iris alba

authorship: Savi

Iris amoena

authorship: Redouté

Iris australis

authorship: Tod.

Iris belouinii

authorship: Bois & Cornuault

Iris biliottii

authorship: Foster

Iris buiana

authorship: Prodan

Iris buriensis

authorship: Jacques

Iris croatica

authorship: Horvat & M.D.Horvat

Iris cypriana

authorship: Foster & Baker

Iris deflexa

authorship: Knowles & Westc.

Iris florentina var. alba

authorship: (Savi) DC.

Iris florentina var. pallida

authorship: Nyman

Iris florentinaeoides

authorship: Prodan ex Nyar.

Iris florentinoides

authorship: Prodan ex Nyár.

Iris germanica unranked variegata

authorship: Abbey

Iris germanica var. alba

authorship: Dykes

Iris germanica var. australis

authorship: (Tod.) Dykes

Iris germanica var. denticulata

authorship: Merino

Iris germanica var. gypsea

authorship: Rodigas

Iris germanica var. lurida

authorship: (Aiton) Nyman

Iris germanica var. nepalensis

authorship: (Wall. ex Lindl.) Herb.

Iris germanica var. pumila

authorship: Roth

Iris laciniata

authorship: Berg

Iris latifolia

authorship: Gilib.

Iris lurida

authorship: Aiton

Iris macrantha

authorship: Simonet

Iris murorum

authorship: Gaterau

Iris neglecta

authorship: Hornem.

Iris nepalensis

authorship: Wall. ex Lindl.

Iris nostras

authorship: Garsault

Iris nudicaulis var. plicata

authorship: (Lam.) Anon.

Iris pallida

authorship: Ten.

Iris pallida subsp. australis

authorship: (Tod.) K.Richt.

Iris plicata

authorship: Lam.

Iris redouteana

authorship: Spach

Iris rothschildii

authorship: Degen

Iris squalens var. biflora

authorship: Prodan & Buia

Iris trojana

authorship: A.Kern. ex Stapf

Iris venusta

authorship: J.Booth ex Berg

Iris vulgaris

authorship: Pohl

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Myristic-acid

activities: Antioxidant Cancer-Preventive Cosmetic Hypercholesterolemic Lubricant Nematicide

Eugenol

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiTNF Antiaggregant Antiarachidonate Antibacterial

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Geraniol

activities:
Allergenic
Anthelmintic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Pancreas)
Anticariogenic
Antimelanomic
Antisalmonella
Antiseptic

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Benzoic-acid

activities: Allergenic Anesthetic Antibacterial Antiotitic Antipyretic Antisalmonella Antiseptic Antiyeast

Benzaldehyde

activities: Allergenic Anesthetic Antibacterial Anticancer Antimutagenic Antipeptic Antiseptic Antispasmodic

Alpha-amyrin

activities: Analgesic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antitumor Antiulcer Cytotoxic Gastroprotective

Benzyl-alcohol

activities: Allergenic Anesthetic Antiodontalgic Antipruritic Antiseptic FLavor Fungicide Pesticide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

label: Life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: irlbachia-speciosa

scientific: Irlbachia speciosa

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Maas

genus: Irlbachia

epithet: speciosa

family: Gentianaceae

published_in: Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88: 410 (1985)

Calolisianthus speciosus

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Gilg

Lisianthius alpestris

authorship: Mart.

Lisianthius speciosus

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Maas

published_in: Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 410

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: irvingbaileya-australis

scientific: Irvingbaileya australis

authorship: (C.T.White) R.A.Howard

genus: Irvingbaileya

epithet: australis

family: Stemonuraceae

preferred: buff beech

english:
buff beech
wax berry

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Queensland

code: QLD

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

names:
buff beech
wax berry

value: tree

value: woody

authors: (C.T.White) R.A.Howard

published_in: Lloydia 6: 143

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: irvingia-malayana

scientific: Irvingia malayana

authorship: Oliv. ex A.W.Benn.

genus: Irvingia

epithet: malayana

family: Irvingiaceae

Irvingella harmandiana

authorship: Tiegh.

Irvingella malayana

authorship: (Oliv. ex A.W.Benn.) Tiegh.

Irvingella oliveri

authorship: (Pierre) Tiegh.

Irvingia harmandiana

authorship: Pierre ex Laness.

Irvingia longipedicellata

authorship: Gagnep.

Irvingia oliveri

authorship: Pierre

codes: BOR CBD JAW LAO MLY MYA SUM THA VIE

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

names:
กระบก
Ko Nia

partners:
Elephas maximus
Macaca fascicularis
Striglina divisata

value: phanerophyte

label: Height

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

authors: Oliv. ex A.W.Benn.

published_in: Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(3): 522

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.