slug: cicer-arietinum

scientific: Cicer arietinum

authorship: L.

epithet: arietinum

preferred: chick pea

Cicer album

authorship: hort.

Cicer arietinum subsp. eurasiaticum

authorship: Popova

Cicer arietinum var. album

authorship: Gaudin

Cicer edessanum

authorship: Bornm.

Cicer grossum

authorship: Salisb.

Cicer nigrum

authorship: hort. ex Steud.

Cicer physodes

authorship: Rchb.

Cicer reticulatum

authorship: Ladiz.

Cicer rotundum

authorship: Jord. ex Alef.

Cicer sativum

authorship: Schkuhr

Vicia arietina

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

codes: IRN IRQ TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Saponins

activities:
Antihepatomic
Antimutagenic
Antitumor (Lung)
Antitumor (Ovary)
Immunomodulator

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Genistein

activities:
Abortifacient
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Antiaggregant
Antiangiogenic
Antiatherosclerotic
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticarcinomic (Breast)

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
chick pea
Bengal Gram

names: 回回豆 鹰嘴豆

names: シロヒヨコマメ ヒヨコマメ

names: Kichererbse Kirchererbse

names:
Cicer tete de belier
Pois chiche

names: Keker Kikkererwt

names: Нут звичайний

names: ถั่วลูกไก่ ถั่วหัวช้าง

names: חמצה (תרבותי)

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena gelriae
Andrena labialis
Andrena similis
Andrena wilkella
Anthidium loti
Anthophora aestivalis
Lasioglossum glabriusculum
Lasioglossum lissonotus

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Andrena gelriae
Andrena labialis
Andrena similis
Andrena wilkella
Anthidium loti
Anthophora aestivalis
Lasioglossum glabriusculum
Lasioglossum lissonotum

label: Eaten by

partners:
Amrasca biguttula
Bruchus rufimanus
Cadra cautella
Helicoverpa armigera
Macrosteles indrinus
Anser indicus
Anticarsia irrorata
Aphis craccivora

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Chickpea yellows virus
Bean leafroll virus
Chickpea chlorosis virus
Chickpea redleaf virus
Heterodera ciceri
Lettuce mosaic virus
Meloidogyne artiellia
Pseudomonas radiciperda

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Life form

value: therophyte


slug: cicerbita-alpina

scientific: Cicerbita alpina

authorship: (L.) Wallr.

genus: Cicerbita

epithet: alpina

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Agathyrsus alpinus

authorship: (L.) Sweet

authorship: (L.) D.Don

Agathyrsus caeruleus

authorship: (Sm.) Sweet

authorship: (Sm.) D.Don

Aracium alpinum

authorship: (L.) Monnier

Cicerbita borealis

authorship: Wallr.

Garacium alpinum

authorship: (L.) Gren. & Godr.

Hieracium coeruleum

authorship: Scop.

Lactuca alpina

authorship: (L.) A.Gray

Lactuca spicata

authorship: Kuntze

Mulgedium alpinum

authorship: (L.) Less.

Mulgedium multiflorum

authorship: DC.

Picridium alpinum

authorship: (L.) Philippe

Sonchus alpestris

authorship: Clairv.

Sonchus caeruleus

authorship: Sm.

Sonchus lapponicus

authorship: Froel.

Sonchus montanus

authorship: Lam.

Sonchus multiflorus

authorship: Desf.

Sonchus pallidus

authorship: Torr.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC ITA YUG RUN NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

North European Russia

code: RUN

region: Eastern Europe

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Sweden

code: SWE

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Alpine Blue sow-thistle
Alpine Blue-Sow-Thistle

names:
Lechuga de monte
lechuga de montes

names: Цицербита альпийская

names:
Cicerbite des Alpes
Laiteron des Alpes

names:
Cicerbita violetta
Lattuga alpina

names:
Modrzyk alpejski
Modrzyk górski

names: Молоч альпійський

names: Алпийска цицербита

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Andrena polita

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis citrinella

partners:
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Puccinia maculosa

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: cicerbita-azurea

scientific: Cicerbita azurea

authorship: (Ledeb.) Beauverd

epithet: azurea

published_in: in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 2: 123. 1910

Cicerbita azurea var. glabra

authorship: Sennikov

Cicerbita glabra

authorship: (Sennikov) Tzvelev

Lactuca azurea

authorship: (Ledeb.) Danguy

Mulgedium azureum

authorship: (Ledeb.) DC.

Sonchus azureus

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KGZ KRA MON TVA CHX

Altay

code: ALT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 岩参 头嘴菊(岩参）

names: Цицербита лазоревая

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun-Sep

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Beauverd

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève ser. 2, 2: 123

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

field: phenology

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: cicerbita-muralis

scientific: Cicerbita muralis

authorship: (L.) Wallr.

epithet: muralis

preferred: Wall Lettuce

english:
Wall Lettuce
wall-lettuce

source: inat

Chondrilla erysimifolia

authorship: (Willd.) Poir.

Chondrilla muralis

authorship: (L.) Lam.

Chondrilla ruderalis

authorship: Gaertn. ex Steud.

Lactuca erysimifolia

authorship: (Willd.) DC.

Lactuca muralis

authorship: (L.) Gaertn.

authorship: (L.) G.Mey.

Lapsana erysimifolia

authorship: (Willd.) Thell.

Mycelis angulosa

authorship: Cass.

Mycelis muralis

authorship: (L.) Dumort.

Phaenixopus muralis

authorship: (L.) W.D.J.Koch

Phaenopus muralis

authorship: (L.) Coss. & Germ.

Prenanthes erysimifolia

authorship: Willd.

Prenanthes muralis

authorship: L.

Prenanthes parviflora

authorship: Gilib.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG MOR TUN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Латук стенной
Мицелис стенной

names:
Міцеліс стінний
Салатник лісовий

names: Стенна салата

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: cicerbita-petiolata

scientific: Cicerbita petiolata

authorship: (K.Koch) Gagnidze

epithet: petiolata

published_in: in Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 25: 56. 1965

Cicerbita dubia

authorship: (K.Koch) Beauverd

Cicerbita pontica

authorship: (Boiss.) Grossh.

name: Mulgedium cacaliifolium var. appendiculatum

Mulgedium cacaliifolium var. minus

authorship: Boiss.

Prenanthes cacaliifolia var. minor

authorship: (Boiss.) Beauverd

Prenanthes petiolata

authorship: (K.Koch) Sennikov

Prenanthes pontica

authorship: (Boiss.) Leskov

codes: NCS TCS TUR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 128 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (K.Koch) Gadnidze

published_in: Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 25: 56

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cichorium-endivia

scientific: Cichorium endivia

genus: Cichorium

epithet: endivia

preferred: cultivated endive

source: wikidata

Cichorium casnia

authorship: Wall.

Cichorium crispum

authorship: Mill.

Cichorium endivia subsp. sativum

authorship: Cout.

Cichorium endivia var. angustifolium

authorship: DC.

Cichorium endivia var. crispum

authorship: (Mill.) Lam.

Cichorium endivia var. latifolium

authorship: Lam.

Cichorium endivia var. roborovskyi

authorship: Tzvelev

Cichorium esculentum

authorship: Salisb.

Cichorium intybus var. endivia

authorship: (L.) C.B.Clarke

Cichorium pumilum f. rhizocephalum

authorship: Pamp.

codes: EGY PAL

Egypt

code: EGY

Palestine

code: PAL

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 409 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

Alpha-linolenic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaggregant Antihypertensive Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Antimenorrhagic Antimetastatic Antiprostatitic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Myristic-acid

activities: Antioxidant Cancer-Preventive Cosmetic Hypercholesterolemic Lubricant Nematicide

Pantothenic-acid

activities: Antiallergic Antiarthritic Anticephalagic Anticlaudificant? Antidermatitic Antifatigue Antihypercholesterolemic Antiielus?

names:
cultivated endive
Endive

names:
escarola
escarola crespa

names: 栽培菊苣 苞菊苣

names: chicória chicória-crespa

names:
Цикорий салатный
Эндивий

names: Endivie Endiviensalat

names: Chicon Chicoree

names: Endivia Indivia

names:
Bostan hindibası
Hindiba

names:
Cykoria endywia
Endywia

names:
Ендивій
Цикорій справжній

names: Чикоарэ эндивие

names: Sydcikoria endiv

names:
עֹלֶשׁ מָצוּי
עולש מצוי

type: pollinatedBy

type: flowerVisitedBy

partners:
Panurgus posticus
Pyrgus communis

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

type: eatenBy

partners:
Acyrthosiphon lactucae
Aphis gossypii
Aporophyla australis
Aulacorthum solani
Autographa gamma
Brachycaudus helichrysi
Cnephasia incertana
Cnephasia stephensiana

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Endive necrotic mosaic virus
Lettuce mosaic virus
Pectobacterium carotovorum

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: cichorium-intybus

scientific: Cichorium intybus

authorship: L.

epithet: intybus

preferred: chicory

Cichorium balearicum

authorship: Porta

Cichorium byzantinum

authorship: Clem.

authorship: Clementi

Cichorium caeruleum

authorship: Gilib.

Cichorium cicorea

authorship: Dumort.

Cichorium commune

authorship: Pall.

Cichorium divaricatum

authorship: Heldr. ex Nyman

Cichorium glaucum

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Cichorium hirsutum

authorship: Gren.

Cichorium illyricum

authorship: Borb.

Cichorium intybus f. alba

authorship: Farw.

Cichorium intybus f. crispum

authorship: Makino

Cichorium intybus f. sativum

authorship: Bisch.

Cichorium intybus subsp. balearica

authorship: (Porta) Gand.

Cichorium intybus subsp. foliosum

authorship: (Hegi) Janch.

Cichorium intybus subsp. glabratum

authorship: (C.Presl) Arcang.

authorship: (C.Presl) Wagenitz & U.Bedarff

Cichorium intybus subsp. glaucum

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Tzvelev

Cichorium intybus subsp. illyricum

authorship: (Borb.) Jáv.

Cichorium intybus subsp. sativum

authorship: (Bisch.) Janch.

Cichorium intybus var. callosum

authorship: (Pomel) Maire

Cichorium intybus var. eglandulosum

authorship: Freyn & Sint.

Cichorium intybus var. foliosum

authorship: Hegi

Cichorium intybus var. glabratum

authorship: (C.Presl) Batt.

authorship: (C.Presl) Gren. & Godr.

Cichorium intybus var. indivisum

authorship: Vis.

Cichorium intybus var. khatooniae

authorship: Abedin & Ghafoor

Cichorium intybus var. leucophaeum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Cichorium intybus var. longipes

authorship: Faure & Maire

Cichorium intybus var. radicosum

authorship: Alef.

Cichorium officinale

authorship: Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.

Cichorium perenne

authorship: Stokes

Cichorium sylvestre

authorship: Garsault

codes: ALG AZO CVI EGY MOR TUN AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS NCS PAL SIN TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1981 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Inulin

activities:
Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor
Anticolitic?
Antidiabetic
Antidiarrheic
Antiobesity?
Antiosteoporotic?
Bifidogenic
Chemopreventive (Breast Cancer)

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Chicoric-acid

activities: AntiHIV AntiHIV-Integrase Antiflu Antiradicular Antistomatitic Antisunburn Antiviral Immunostimulant

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

names:
Cykoria podróżnik
Cykoria podróżnik siewna

partners:
Hylaeus glacialis
Lasioglossum laevidorsum
Lasioglossum pleurospeculum
Lasioglossum podolicum
Lasioglossum subfulvicorne
Leptochilus tarsatus
Nomada linsenmaieri
Self pollinated

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus huntii
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vosnesenskii
Bombus bifarius
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus occidentalis

partners:
Acontia trabealis
Agapostemon
Agapostemon virescens
Ancyloxypha numitor
Andrena polita
Anthidium manicatum
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Anthaxia hungarica
Apis mellifera
Asymmetrasca decedens
Bombus fervidus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Carduelis carduelis

partners: Chicory yellow mottle virus large satellite RNA

partners: Chicory yellow mottle virus satellite RNA


slug: cichorium-pumilum

scientific: Cichorium pumilum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: pumilum

Cichorium ambiguum

authorship: Schult.

Cichorium callosum

authorship: Pomel

Cichorium dichotomum

authorship: Link

Cichorium divaricatum

authorship: Schousb.

Cichorium endivia f. divaricatum

authorship: (Schousb.) Webb

Cichorium endivia subsp. divaricatum

authorship: (Schousb.) P.D.Sell

authorship: (Schousb.) Ball

Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum

authorship: (Jacq.) Cout.

authorship: (Jacq.) Hegi

Cichorium endivia var. pumilum

authorship: (Jacq.) Vis.

Cichorium glandulosum

authorship: Boiss. & A.Huet

Cichorium intybus subsp. divaricatum

authorship: (Schousb.) Bonnier & Layens

Cichorium intybus subsp. pumilum

authorship: (Jacq.) Ball

Cichorium intybus var. callosum

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

Cichorium intybus var. divaricatum

authorship: (Schousb.) DC.

Cichorium minimum

authorship: Port.

Cichorium nanum

authorship: Port. ex Nyman

Cichorium noeanum

authorship: Boiss.

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN WSA AFG CYP EAI GST IRN IRQ LBS PAL SAU SIN TCS TUR CHX ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Albania

code: ALB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Цикорий железистый
Цикорий карликовый

names:
Chicorée naine
Chicorée naine, Endive sauvage

names: Ճարճատուկ գեղձավոր


slug: cichorium-spinosum

scientific: Cichorium spinosum

authorship: L.

epithet: spinosum

Acanthophyton spinosum

authorship: (L.) Less.

codes: LBY CYP EAI TUR GRC ITA KRI SIC SPA

Cyprus

code: CYP

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: هندباء شوكية

names: Цикорий колючий

names: stamnangathia Γιαλοράδικο

value: shrub

value: woody

value: chamaephyte

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: L.

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cicuta-bulbifera

scientific: Cicuta bulbifera

genus: Cicuta

epithet: bulbifera

family: Apiaceae

preferred: bulb-bearing water-hemlock

english:
bulb-bearing water-hemlock
bulblet-bearing water hemlock
bulblet-bearing water-hemlock
bulbous water-hemlock

Cicutaria bulbifera

authorship: Lam.

Keraskomion bulbiferum

authorship: Raf.

codes: ASK ABT BRC CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1851 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Вех луковичконосный

partners:
Eristalis dimidiata
Limenitis arthemis arthemis
Saygorytes phaleratus
Sceliphron caementarium
Toxomerus geminatus

partners:
Papilio polyxenes
Sceliphron caementarium


slug: cicuta-douglasii

scientific: Cicuta douglasii

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Rose

epithet: douglasii

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 7: 95 (1900)

preferred: western water hemlock

Cicuta fimbriata

authorship: Greene

Cicuta maculata var. californica

authorship: (A.Gray) B.Boivin

Cicuta occidentalis f. frondosa

authorship: (Greene) Greene

Sium douglasii

authorship: DC.

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL IDA MXE MNT NEV NWT ORE WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Nevada

code: NEV

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 641 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
western water hemlock
Douglas' water-hemlock

partners:
Andrena vicinoides
Ephuta grisea
Phytodietus

partners:
Bombus terricola
Papilio polyxenes

value: Single Crown

label: Growth rate


slug: cicuta-maculata

scientific: Cicuta maculata

epithet: maculata

preferred: water hemlock

english:
water hemlock
spotted water hemlock

Cicuta dakotica var. pseudomaculata

authorship: Lunell

Cicuta maculata var. curtissii

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Fernald

name: Cicuta occidentalis f. oregonensi-idahoensis

Cicuta victorinii

authorship: Fernald

codes: ALA ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXE MXN MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC NUN OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
spotted water hemlock
Common Water Hemlock

names: Вёх пятнистый

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Ageniella accepta
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena bisalicis
Anthidium maculifrons
Anthocomus erichsoni
Babia 4-guttata
Batizonus algidus

partners:
Philanthus gibbosus
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Cerceris fumipennis
Toxomerus marginatus
Ammophila kennedyi
Ammophila nigricans
Analeptura lineola

partners:
Anacrabro ocellatus
Apis mellifera
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Cerceris fumipennis
Cerceris insolita
Cerceris kennicottii
Ceropales maculata maculata
Chalybion californicum

partners:
Papilio polyxenes
Anacrabro ocellatus
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Bombus impatiens
Cerceris fumipennis
Cerceris insolita
Cerceris kennicottii
Ceropales maculata maculata


slug: cicuta-virosa

scientific: Cicuta virosa

epithet: virosa

preferred: European Waterhemlock

english:
European Waterhemlock
Mackenzie's water hemlock
cowbane

Cicuta angustifolia

authorship: Kit.

Cicuta baldacciana

authorship: Degen ex Bald.

Cicuta cellulosa

authorship: Gilib.

Cicuta mackenzieana

authorship: Raup

Cicuta nipponica

authorship: Franch.

Cicuta orientalis

authorship: Degen

Cicuta tenuifolia

authorship: Schrank

Cicuta virosa f. angustifolia

authorship: (Kit.) Regel

authorship: (Kit.) Schube

Cicuta virosa f. latisecta

authorship: (Čelak.) Y.C.Chu

Cicuta virosa f. longiinvolucellata

authorship: Chu

Cicuta virosa var. angustifolia

authorship: (Kit. ex Schult.) Schltdl.

Cicuta virosa var. angustisecta

authorship: Čelak.

Cicuta virosa var. intermedia

authorship: Glaab

Cicuta virosa var. latifolia

authorship: Schltdl.

Cicuta virosa var. nipponica

authorship: (Franch.) Makino

Cicuta virosa var. orientalis

authorship: Degen & Bald.

Cicuta virosa var. stricta

authorship: Schultz

Cicuta virosa var. tenuifolia

authorship: (Schrank) Roth

Cicutaria virosa

authorship: Delarbre

Coriandrum cicuta

authorship: Roth

Sium cicuta

authorship: [Weber,]

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PAL PRM SAK TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX YAK WHM AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT BRC MAN NWT NUN ONT QUE SAS YUK

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1948 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Вех ядовитый
Вёх ядовитый

names: Цикута отруйна

partners:
Andrena alutacea
Andrena ampla
Andrena floricola
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena nuptialis
Andrena pallitarsis
Andrena proxima
Andrena rosae

partners:
Bellardia
Bombus lucorum
Delia nigrescens
Dolichovespula sylvestris
Lixus paraplecticus
Lucilia caesar
Mimumesa dahlbomi
Phaonia incana

partners:
Papilio machaon
Euleia heraclei
Cavariella aegopodii
Cavariella konoi
Cavariella pastinacae
Chrysolina oricalcia
Clepsis spectrana
Depressaria apiella


slug: cienfuegosia-affinis

scientific: Cienfuegosia affinis

authorship: (Kunth) Hochr.

genus: Cienfuegosia

epithet: affinis

family: Malvaceae

published_in: Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 54 (1902)

Cienfuegosia affinis var. campestris

authorship: (Benth.) Hochr.

Cienfuegosia affinis var. genuina

authorship: Hochr.

Cienfuegosia affinis var. humilis

authorship: (Gürke) Hochr.

Cienfuegosia phlomidifolia

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Garcke

Cienfuegosia phlomidifolia var. humilis

authorship: Gürke

Cienfuegosia sulphurea

authorship: (Kunth) Hassl.

Fugosia affinis

authorship: (Kunth) A.Juss.

Fugosia campestris

authorship: Benth.

Fugosia guianensis

authorship: Klotzsch ex M.R.Schomb.

Fugosia retusa

authorship: Turcz.

Hibiscus affinis

authorship: Kunth

Hibiscus campestris

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

Hibiscus hilairii

authorship: Kuntze

Hibiscus phlomidifolius

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze

Hibiscus rectiflorus

authorship: Rusby

Sida angusturensis

authorship: Willd. ex Spreng.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM GUY PAR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

region: Southern South America

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: wet tropical

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: (Kunth) Hochr.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cienfuegosia-drummondii

scientific: Cienfuegosia drummondii

authorship: (A.Gray) Lewton

epithet: drummondii

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 473 (1910)

preferred: yellow flymallow

Cienfuegosia drummondii var. genuina

authorship: Hassl.

Cienfuegosia sulfurea f. intermedia

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Cienfuegosia sulfurea var. drummondii

authorship: (A.Gray) Hochr.

Elidurandia texana

authorship: Buckley

Fugosia pulverulenta

authorship: (Griseb.) Hochr.

Hibiscus drummondii

authorship: (A.Gray) Kuntze

Hibiscus pulverulentus

authorship: Griseb.

codes: TEX AGE AGW BOL BZS BZC PAR

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil South

code: BZS

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellow flymallow
sulphur mallow

value: subshrub

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (A.Gray) Lewton

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 475

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cienfuegosia-hispida

scientific: Cienfuegosia hispida

epithet: hispida

published_in: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 24(2): 33 (1947)

published_in: Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24(2): 33, t. 7, f. 2


slug: cienfuegosia-sulphurea

scientific: Cienfuegosia sulphurea

authorship: Garcke

epithet: sulphurea

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Garcke

published_in: Bonplandia 8: 150

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cienfuegosia-tripartita

scientific: Cienfuegosia tripartita

authorship: (Kunth) Gürke

epithet: tripartita

Fugosia tripartita

authorship: (Kunth) Steud.

Hibiscus tripartitus

authorship: (Kunth) Kuntze

codes: ECU PER

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: subshrub

authors: Gürke


slug: cienfuegosia-yucatanensis

scientific: Cienfuegosia yucatanensis

authorship: Millsp.

epithet: yucatanensis

published_in: Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 74 (1896)

preferred: Yucatan flymallow

codes: FLA MXT BAH CUB

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Cuba

code: CUB

names:
Yucatan flymallow
Yellow Hibiscus

authors: Millsp.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cinchona-calisaya

scientific: Cinchona calisaya

authorship: Wedd.

genus: Cinchona

epithet: calisaya

family: Rubiaceae

preferred: quinine

Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana

authorship: Howard

Cinchona carabayensis var. lanceolata

authorship: Miq.

Cinchona forbesiana

authorship: Howard ex Wedd.

Cinchona gammiana

authorship: King

Cinchona gironensis

authorship: Mutis

Cinchona josephiana

authorship: (Wedd.) Wedd.

Cinchona ledgeriana

authorship: (Howard) Bern.Moens ex Trimen

Cinchona officinalis var. josephiana

authorship: (Wedd.) Cárdenas

Cinchona weddelliana

authorship: Kuntze

name: Cinchona weddelliana var. multiscrobiculata

Quinquina calisaya

authorship: (Wedd.) Kuntze

Quinquina ledgeriana

authorship: (Howard) Kuntze

codes: BOL PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

lifeform: tree

names: quinine Chinabark

names: quino quinquina

names: 金鸡勒 金鸡纳

names: quina-amarela quina-quina

names: Chinarindenbaum Chininbaum

names:
Albero della china
Chinino

partners:
Kolla paulula
Parotis marginata
Phyle arcuosaria

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

label: Leaf retention


slug: cinchona-lancifolia

scientific: Cinchona lancifolia

epithet: lancifolia

published_in: Papel Periùdico de Santa Fé de Bogotá  111: 465 (1793)

Cinchona angustifolia

authorship: Ruiz

Cinchona condaminea var. lancifolia

authorship: (Mutis) Wedd.

Cinchona lancifolia var. angustifolia

authorship: DC.

Cinchona tunita

authorship: López ex Triana

Quinquina lancifolia

authorship: (Mutis) Kuntze

codes: CLM ECU VEN

authors: Mutis

published_in: in Periodico de Santa Fe (1793) 465, nomen

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cinchona-parabolica

scientific: Cinchona parabolica

authorship: Pav.

epithet: parabolica

published_in: Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. : t. 16 (1859)

Cinchona delessertiana

authorship: Standl.

Cinchona mutisii var. crispa

authorship: Wedd.

authors: Pav.

published_in: Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. t. 16


slug: cinchona-pubescens

scientific: Cinchona pubescens

authorship: Vahl

epithet: pubescens

published_in: Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk.  1: 19 (1790)

Cinchona caloptera

authorship: Miq.

Cinchona colorata

authorship: C.J.Laubert ex B.D.Jacks.

Cinchona cordifolia

authorship: Mutis ex Humb.

Cinchona cordifolia var. macrocarpa

authorship: Wedd. ex Howard

Cinchona cordifolia var. microcarpa

authorship: Howard

Cinchona cordifolia var. rotundifolia

authorship: (Pav. ex Lamb.) Wedd.

Cinchona goudotiana

authorship: Klotzsch ex Triana

Cinchona lechleriana

authorship: Schltdl.

Cinchona obovata

authorship: Pav. ex Howard

Cinchona ovata

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Cinchona palescens

authorship: Vell.

Cinchona pallescens

authorship: Ruiz ex Vitman

authorship: Ruiz ex DC.

authorship: Ruiz ex Vell.

Cinchona pallescens var. ovata

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Howard

Cinchona pelalba

authorship: Pav. ex DC.

Cinchona pubescens var. ovata

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Cinchona pubescens var. purpurea

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd.

Cinchona rosulenta

authorship: Howard ex Wedd.

Cinchona rotundifolia

authorship: Pav. ex Lamb.

Cinchona rubicunda

authorship: Tafalla ex Wedd.

Cinchona succirubra

authorship: Pav. ex Klotzsch

Quinquina obovata

authorship: (Pav. ex Howard) Kuntze

Quinquina ovata

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze

Quinquina pubescens

authorship: (Vahl) Kuntze

Quinquina succirubra

authorship: (Pav. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze

codes: BOL CLM COS ECU PAN PER VEN

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Quinine

activities: Abortifacient Allergenic Amebicide Analgesic Anesthetic Antibacterial Antidysenteric Antifeedant

Cinchonidine

activities: Antiflu Antiherpetic Antimalarial Antipyretic Antiviral Pesticide

Quinidine

activities: Abortifacient Allergenic Amebicide Analgesic Antiarrhythmic Anticholinergic Antihiccup Antimalarial

Cinchonain-iib

activities: Antiherpetic Antiviral Pesticide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
Arbre à quinine, Quinquina
quinquina rouge

partners:
Kolla paulula
Cuculicola limbatus
Ilema vaneeckei
Otinotus albomaculatus
Penthimiola variabilis

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cinclidotus-fontinaloides

scientific: Cinclidotus fontinaloides

authorship: (Hedw.) P.Beauv.

genus: Cinclidotus

epithet: fontinaloides

family: Pottiaceae

published_in: Prodr. Aethéogam.: 52. 1805.

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides f. denticulatus

authorship: Latzel

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides f. flagellascens

authorship: (Latzel) Podp.

Cinclidotus fontinaloides f. robustus

authorship: Baumgartner

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides var. aurosicus

authorship: Thér.

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides var. baumgartneri

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides var. flagellascens

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides var. incrassatus

authorship: (Turner) Béhéré

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides var. lorentzianus

authorship: Molendo

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides var. madeirensis

authorship: Cardot

name: Cinclidotus fontinaloides var. pseudoaquaticus

authorship: Ingham

Cinclidotus minor

authorship: Lindb.

Fontinalis alpina

authorship: Dicks.

Fontinalis antipyretica var. erecta

authorship: (Vill.) DC.

Fontinalis erecta

authorship: Vill.

Guembelia fontinaloides

authorship: (Hedw.) Müll.Hal.

Racomitrium fontinaloides

authorship: (Hedw.) Brid.

Trematodon fontinaloides

authorship: (Hedw.) Röhl.

Trichostomum fontinaloides

authorship: Hedw.

name: Trichostomum fontinaloides var. incrassatum

authorship: Turner

name: Trichostomum fontinaloides var. subalpinum

authorship: Sm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Smaller
Smaller Lattice-moss

names: Цинклидотус фонтиналиевидный

names: Решіткозуб джерельний


slug: cinclidotus-riparius

scientific: Cinclidotus riparius

authorship: (Host ex Brid.) Arn.

epithet: riparius

published_in: Disp. Méth. Mousses: 23. 1825.

Cinclidotus confertus

authorship: Lüth

Cinclidotus nigricans

authorship: (Brid.) Dixon

Cinclidotus riparius var. angustifolius

authorship: G.Roth ex Zodda

Cinclidotus riparius var. obtusifolius

authorship: Papp

Guembelia riparia

authorship: (Host ex Brid.) Müll.Hal.

Gymnostomum riparium

authorship: Host ex Brid.

Racomitrium riparium

authorship: (Host ex Brid.) Brid.

Trichostomum nigricans

authorship: Brid.

Trichostomum riparium

authorship: (Host ex Brid.) D.Mohr

names: Цинклидотус береговой

names: צינקלידוטוס מפלי


slug: cineraria-alchemilloides

scientific: Cineraria alchemilloides

authorship: DC.

genus: Cineraria

epithet: alchemilloides

codes: CPP OFS LES NAM TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Lesotho

code: LES

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

value: 1 m

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: DC.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cineraria-angulosa

scientific: Cineraria angulosa

authorship: Lam.

epithet: angulosa

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(1): 6

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: cineraria-austrotransvaalensis

scientific: Cineraria austrotransvaalensis

authorship: Cron

epithet: austrotransvaalensis

authors: Cron

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cineraria-canescens

scientific: Cineraria canescens

authorship: Wendl.Obs. ex Link

epithet: canescens

published_in: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 333 (1822)

Cineraria aitaniana

authorship: Spreng.

Cineraria parviflora

authorship: R.Br. ex Aiton

Senecio momordicifolius

authorship: Dinter & Muschl. ex Dinter

codes: CPP OFS NAM TVL

authors: J.C.Wendl. ex Link

published_in: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 333

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cineraria-geifolia

scientific: Cineraria geifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: geifolia

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 449 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: cineraria-glandulosa

scientific: Cineraria glandulosa

epithet: glandulosa

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: cineraria-lobata

scientific: Cineraria lobata

authorship: L'Hér.

epithet: lobata

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES MOZ TVL ZIM

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 101 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: L'Hér.

published_in: Sert. Angl. 26

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cineraria-longipes

scientific: Cineraria longipes

epithet: longipes

codes: NAT TVL

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered


slug: cineraria-lyratiformis

scientific: Cineraria lyratiformis

epithet: lyratiformis

preferred: wild parsley

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 149 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wild parsley
African-marigold

names: boerelusern geelblom

value: annual

label: Fruit type

value: achene


slug: cineraria-mollis

scientific: Cineraria mollis

authorship: E.Mey. ex DC.

epithet: mollis

Cineraria arctotidea

authorship: Drège ex Harv.

authors: E.Mey. ex DC.


slug: cineraria-parvifolia

scientific: Cineraria parvifolia

authorship: Burtt Davy

epithet: parvifolia

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 81 (1936)

authors: Burtt Davy

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936(1): 81


slug: cineraria-platycarpa

scientific: Cineraria platycarpa

epithet: platycarpa


slug: cineraria-saxifraga

scientific: Cineraria saxifraga

epithet: saxifraga

preferred: wild cineraria

codes: CPP OFS NAT TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cinna-arundinacea

scientific: Cinna arundinacea

genus: Cinna

epithet: arundinacea

family: Poaceae

preferred: sweet woodreed

Agrostis cinna

authorship: Retz.

Agrostis rubicunda

authorship: Bosc ex Desv.

Cinna agrostidea

authorship: P.Beauv. ex Steud.

Cinna arundinacea var. inexpansa

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Muhlenbergia cinna

authorship: (Retz.) Trin.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1503 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cinna-bolanderi

scientific: Cinna bolanderi

authorship: Scribn.

epithet: bolanderi

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 36: 290 (1884)

preferred: Bolander's woodreed

Cinna pendula var. bolanderi

authorship: (Scribn.) Vasey

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

names: Цинна Боландера

value: graminoid

authors: Scribn.

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1884: 290


slug: cinna-latifolia

scientific: Cinna latifolia

authorship: (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb.

epithet: latifolia

preferred: drooping woodreed

Agrostis alba var. koreensis

authorship: Nakai

Agrostis latifolia

authorship: Trevir. ex Göpp.

Agrostis suaveolens

authorship: Blytt

authorship: Blytt ex Sommerf.

Blyttia suaveolens

authorship: (Blytt ex Sommerf.) Fr.

Cinna arundinacea var. pendula

authorship: (Trin.) A.Gray

Cinna expansa

authorship: Link

Cinna kamtschatica

authorship: Rupr.

Cinna latifolia var. glomerula

authorship: (Scribn.) Beal

Cinna pendula

authorship: (Trin.) Trin.

Cinna pendula var. acutiflora

authorship: Vasey

Cinna pendula var. glomerulata

authorship: Macoun

Cinna suaveolens

authorship: Rupr. ex Ledeb.

Muhlenbergia baicalensis

authorship: Trin. ex Turcz.

Muhlenbergia pendula

authorship: Trin.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA MAG CHM MON NCS PRM SAK WSB YAK BLT BLR RUC RUE FIN RUN RUW NOR SWE ASK ABT ALU ARI BRC CAL COL CNT IDA ILL KTY LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NEV NBR NWH NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 365 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: سينا لاتيفوليا

names: Цинна широколистная

names: Цына шыракалістая


slug: cinnagrostis-recta

scientific: Cinnagrostis recta

authorship: (Kunth) P.M.Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá

genus: Cinnagrostis

epithet: recta

Agrostis rigida

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Arundo recta

authorship: (Kunth) Poir.

Calamagrostis humboldtiana

authorship: Steud.

Calamagrostis naiguatensis

authorship: Swallen

Calamagrostis pallens

authorship: (J.Presl) Steud.

Calamagrostis recta

authorship: (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.

Deyeuxia recta

authorship: Kunth

codes: AGW BOL CLM ECU PER VEN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

climate: montane tropical

value: herb

published_in: Phytoneuron 2019-39: 8

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: cinnagrostis-rigescens

scientific: Cinnagrostis rigescens

authorship: (J.Presl) P.M.Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá

epithet: rigescens

Agrostis bromidioides

authorship: Griseb.

name: Bromidium hygrometricum var. breviaristatum

authorship: Kuntze

Bromidium hygrometricum var. rigescens

authorship: (J.Presl) Kuntze

Bromidium hygrometricum var. spectabile

authorship: (Nees & Meyen) Kuntze

Bromidium rigescens

authorship: (J.Presl) Nees & Meyen

Bromidium rigescens var. brevifolium

authorship: Nees & Meyen

Bromidium spectabile var. nubigenum

authorship: Nees

Calamagrostis bromidioides

authorship: (Griseb.) Pilg.

Calamagrostis cajatambensis

authorship: Pilg.

Calamagrostis imberbis

authorship: (Wedd.) Pilg.

Calamagrostis rigescens

authorship: (J.Presl) Scribn.

Chamaecalamus spectabilis

authorship: Meyen

Deyeuxia cajatambensis

authorship: Pilg. ex Zuloaga, Nicora, Rúgolo, Morrone, Pensiero & Ciald.

Deyeuxia imberbis

authorship: Wedd.

Deyeuxia rigescens

authorship: (J.Presl) Türpe

codes: MXG AGW BOL CLN CLM ECU PER

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Chile North

code: CLN

value: non-woody


slug: cinnagrostis-velutina

scientific: Cinnagrostis velutina

authorship: (Nees & Meyen) P.M.Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá

epithet: velutina

Calamagrostis chilensis

authorship: (É.Desv.) R.E.Fr.

Calamagrostis nardifolia

authorship: (Griseb.) Hack. ex Stuck.

Calamagrostis velutina

authorship: (Nees & Meyen) Steud.

Calamagrostis velutina var. breviculmis

authorship: Hauman

Deyeuxia agrostidea

authorship: Phil.

Deyeuxia nardifolia

authorship: (Griseb.) Phil.

Deyeuxia nardifolia var. elatior

authorship: Türpe

Deyeuxia velutina var. nardifolia

authorship: (Griseb.) Rúgolo

Didymochaeta chilensis

authorship: (É.Desv.) Steud.

codes: AGW AGS BOL CLC CLN CLS PER

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

value: perennial

published_in: Phytoneuron 2019-39: 9


slug: cinnagrostis-vicunarum

scientific: Cinnagrostis vicunarum

authorship: (Wedd.) P.M.Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá

epithet: vicunarum

Calamagrostis pentapogonodes

authorship: Kuntze

Calamagrostis pulvinata

authorship: Hack.

name: Calamagrostis spiciformis var. acutifolia

Calamagrostis vicunarum var. abscondita

authorship: Pilg.

Deyeuxia pulvinata

authorship: (Hack.) Türpe

codes: AGW BOL CLN PER


slug: cinnagrostis-viridiflavescens

scientific: Cinnagrostis viridiflavescens

authorship: (Poir.) P.M.Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá

epithet: viridiflavescens

Arundo viridescens

authorship: Steud.

Arundo viridiflavescens

authorship: Poir.

Calamagrostis alba subsp. tricholemma

authorship: Roseng., B.R.Arrill. & Izag.

Calamagrostis montevidensis

authorship: Nees

name: Calamagrostis montevidensis var. ampliflora

authorship: Döll

Calamagrostis splendens

authorship: (Brongn.) Steud.

Calamagrostis viridiflavescens

authorship: (Poir.) Steud.

name: Calamagrostis viridiflavescens var. montevidensis

authorship: (Nees) Kämpf

Cinnagrostis alba var. tricholemma

authorship: (Roseng., B.R.Arrill. & Izag.) P.M.Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá

Deyeuxia alba subsp. tricholema

authorship: (Roseng., B.R.Arrill. & Izag.) Rúgolo

Deyeuxia montevidensis

authorship: Spreng.

Deyeuxia splendens

authorship: Brongn.

Deyeuxia viridiflavescens

authorship: (Poir.) Kunth

name: Deyeuxia viridiflavescens var. montevidensis

authorship: (Nees) Cabrera & Rúgolo

Donax viridiflavescens

authorship: (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.

codes: MXT AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL CLC CLN CLM ECU PAR PER URU

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: cinnamomum-bejolghota

scientific: Cinnamomum bejolghota

authorship: (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet

genus: Cinnamomum

epithet: bejolghota

family: Lauraceae

Cinnamomum bazania

authorship: (Buch.-Ham.) Nees

Cinnamomum obtusifolium

authorship: (Roxb.) Nees

Cinnamomum obtusifolium var. vanhouttei

authorship: Lukman.

Cinnamomum soncaurium

authorship: (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & C.H.Eberm.

Laurus benzoin

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Laurus cassia

authorship: Wight ex Nees

Laurus macrophylla

authorship: Wall.

Laurus obtusifolia

authorship: Roxb.

codes: CHC CHS CHH AND ASS BAN CBD EHM LAO MYA NEP THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

names: 野桂皮 钝叶桂

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acridotheres fuscus
Acridotheres tristis
Alophoixus flaveolus
Antheraea assamensis
Anthracoceros albirostris
Arachnothera magna
Buceros bicornis
Callosciurus erythraeus

category: Foliage

value: evergreen


slug: cinnamomum-burmanni

scientific: Cinnamomum burmanni

authorship: (Nees & T.Nees) Blume

epithet: burmanni

preferred: Padang cassia

Cinnamomum burmanni var. angustifolium

authorship: Meisn.

Cinnamomum burmanni var. chinense

authorship: (Blume) Meisn.

Cinnamomum burmanni var. kiamis

authorship: (Nees) Meisn.

Cinnamomum cassia

authorship: Siebold

Cinnamomum chinense

authorship: Blume

Cinnamomum dulce

authorship: (Roxb.) Sweet

Cinnamomum hainanense

authorship: Nakai

Cinnamomum kiamis

authorship: Nees

authorship: Hassk.

Cinnamomum macrostemon

authorship: Hayata

Cinnamomum miaoshanense

authorship: S.Lee & F.N.Wei

Cinnamomum mindanaense

authorship: Elmer

Cinnamomum mutabile

authorship: Blume ex Lukman.

authorship: Blume ex Miq.

Cinnamomum nitidum

authorship: (Roxb.) Hook.

Laurus burmanni

authorship: Nees & T.Nees

Laurus cinnamomum

authorship: Blanco

Persea dulcis

authorship: (Roxb.) Spreng.

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI BAN BOR JAW LSI MYA PHI SUL SUM VIE

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1098 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Padang cassia
Batavia cinnamon

names: 阴香 桂子

names: canela-da-indonésia canela-de-java

names: Birmazimt Birmazimtbaum

names: Cinnamone de Burmann, Cannelier de Malaisie

names:
Κανέλα Ινδονησίας
Κασσία του Παντάνγκ

partners:
Copsychus malabaricus
Dendrocitta formosae
Ebhul varius
Gibbovalva civica
Leiothrix lutea
Odontotermes formosanus
Psilopogon nuchalis
Pycnonotus cafer

partners:
Clinoconidium cinnamomi
Trichogramma chilonis


slug: cinnamomum-camphora

scientific: Cinnamomum camphora

authorship: (L.) J.Presl

epithet: camphora

published_in: Přir. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl.  2: 36 (1825)

preferred: Camphor laurel

english:
Camphor laurel
Camphor tree
Camphorwood
camphortree

Camphora camelliifolia

authorship: Lukman.

Camphora camphora

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Camphora vera

authorship: Raf.

Camphorina camphora

authorship: (L.) Farw.

Cinnamomum camphora f. cyclophyllum

authorship: (Nakai) M.Kim

Cinnamomum camphora f. linaloolifera

authorship: (Y.Fujita) Sugim.

Cinnamomum camphora f. parvifolia

authorship: Miq.

Cinnamomum camphora subvar. hosyo

authorship: Hatus.

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens

authorship: (A.Braun) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. hosyo

authorship: (Hatus.) J.C.Liao

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale

authorship: Hatus. & Hayata

Cinnamomum camphora var. rotundifolia

authorship: Makino

Cinnamomum camphora var. werffii

authorship: Dao

Cinnamomum henricii

authorship: Saporta ex Staub

Cinnamomum nominale

authorship: (Hatus. & Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum officinarum

authorship: Nees ex Steud.

Cinnamomum simondii

authorship: Lecomte

Laurus calycina

authorship: Stokes

Laurus camphora

authorship: L.

Laurus camphorifera

authorship: Salisb.

Persea camphora

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2048 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Camphor

activities: Allelopathic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacne Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antiemetic Antifeedant

Linalyl-acetate

activities: Anesthetic Antioxidant Antispasmodic FLavor Motor-Depressant Perfumery Sedative

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Acaricide Allelopathic Allergenic Anesthetic Anthelmintic Antiacetylcholinesterase

Alpha-terpineol

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antiacne Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antiinflammatory

Neryl-acetate

activities: Antiflu Antiviral FLavor Perfumery Pesticide

Borneol

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Allelochemic Analgesic Antiacetylcholine Antibacterial Antibronchitic Antiescherichic

Geranyl-acetate

activities: Allergenic FLavor Insectiphile Perfumery Sedative

activities: Allelopathic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiacne Antiallergic Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Antioxidant Antiseptic

Sabinene

activities: Antibacterial Antihelicobacter Antiseptic Antiulcer Perfumery

Limonene

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Acaricide Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiadenomic Antialzheimeran? Antiasthmatic

Alpha-pinene

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacne Antibacterial Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antipneumonic

names:
Camphor laurel
Camphor tree

names: alcanfor alcanforero

names: 樟 走马胎

names: canforeiro açcanforeira

names:
Камфорное дерево
камфорный лавр

names: クスノキ（樟、楠） クスノキ

names: Kampferbaum Campher

names:
camphrier
Cinnamone camphrier, Camphre, Camphrier

names:
albero della canfora
canfora

names: 녹나무 Nok-na-mu

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Anthrenus verbasci
Dermestes haemorrhoidalis
Neuroptera
Trichoptera
Unidentified sp13 M_PL_054
Unidentified sp23 M_PL_054
Unidentified sp24 M_PL_054
Unidentified sp28 M_PL_054

partners:
Dryobates nuttallii
Sayornis nigricans

partners:
Graphium sarpedon
Moricella rufonota
Sophonia orientalis
Actias selene
Aegithina lafresnayei
Aleurocanthus tsignatus
Alophoixus pallidus
Anthracoceros albirostris

label: Pathogens

partners:
Phoradendron
Taxillus sutchuenensis  var. duclouxii

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)


slug: cinnamomum-chekiangense

scientific: Cinnamomum chekiangense

authorship: Nakai

epithet: chekiangense

Camphora japonica

authorship: Raf.

Cinnamomum japonicum

authorship: Siebold ex Nakai

Cinnamomum japonicum f. tenuifolium

authorship: (Makino) Akasawa

Cinnamomum japonicum var. chenii

authorship: (Nakai) G.F.Tao

Cinnamomum japonicum var. nervosum

authorship: (Meisn.) Makino & Nemoto

Cinnamomum japonicum var. tenuifolium

authorship: (Makino) Makino & Nemoto

name: Cinnamomum pedunculatum var. lancifolium

Cinnamomum pedunculatum var. nervosum

authorship: Meisn.

name: Cinnamomum pedunculatum var. tenuifolium

Cinnamomum tenuifolium

authorship: (Makino) Sugim.

Cinnamomum tenuifolium f. nervosum

authorship: (Meisn.) H.Hara

Cinnamomum yabunikkei f. pilosum

authorship: (Hatus.) Yonek.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 88 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Hardy camphor tree, Japanese camphor tree

partners:
Graphium sarpedon
Callosciurus erythraeus
Gibbovalva civica
Miltochrista dharma
Pteropus dasymallus

authors: Nakai

published_in: Fl. Sylv. Kor. 22: 23, in adnot

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cinnamomum-glanduliferum

scientific: Cinnamomum glanduliferum

authorship: (Wall.) Meisn.

epithet: glanduliferum

Camphora glandulifera

authorship: (Wall.) Nees

Cinnamomum dominii

authorship: (H.Lév.) C.F.Ji

Laurus glandulifera

authorship: Wall.

Machilus mekongensis

authorship: Diels

codes: CHC CHT ASS BAN EHM MLY MYA NEP

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Malaya

code: MLY

names: 臭樟 云南樟

label: Growth habit

value: drupe

source: Wikidata

authors: (Wall.) Meisn.


slug: cinnamomum-iners

scientific: Cinnamomum iners

authorship: (Reinw. ex Nees & T.Nees) Blume

epithet: iners

Camphora lanceolata

authorship: Lukman.

Cinnamomum aromaticum

authorship: Zoll.

Cinnamomum calyculatum

authorship: Miq.

Cinnamomum eucalyptoides

authorship: Nees

Cinnamomum iners var. angustifolium

authorship: Ridl.

Cinnamomum iners var. latum

authorship: Blume

Cinnamomum javanicum var. neglectum

authorship: (Blume) Meisn.

Cinnamomum nitidum var. iners

authorship: (Reinw. ex Nees & T.Nees) Miq.

Laurus caryophyllata

authorship: Reinw. ex Meisn.

Laurus iners

authorship: Reinw. ex Nees & T.Nees

Laurus malabathrum

authorship: Wall. ex Nees

Laurus malabatrum

authorship: Lam.

codes: CHC CHS CHT ASS BAN BOR CBD XMS IND JAW LAO MLY MYA PHI SRL SUM THA VIE

Cambodia

code: CBD

Christmas I.

code: XMS

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names


slug: cinnamomum-oliveri

scientific: Cinnamomum oliveri

epithet: oliveri

published_in: Dept. Agric. Brisbane Bot. Bull.  5: 24 (1892)

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Camphorwood
oliver's sassafras

names: 擦木桂 肉桂木

partners:
Aonidiella aurantii
Chaetocneme critomedia
Columba leucomela
Graphium sarpedon
Lopholaimus antarcticus
Macropygia phasianella
Ptilinopus magnificus
Ptilinopus regina

source: GIFT

label: Woodiness

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: in Dep. Agric. Bot. Bull. v. (1892) 24

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cinnamomum-osmophloeum

scientific: Cinnamomum osmophloeum

authorship: Kaneh.

epithet: osmophloeum

published_in: Formos. Trees : 428 (1917)

preferred: turougwi

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names: 土肉桂 大叶山桂

authors: Kaneh.

published_in: Formosan Trees 428 (1917)

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: cinnamomum-philippinense

scientific: Cinnamomum philippinense

authorship: (Merr.) C.E.Chang

epithet: philippinense

Cinnamomum acuminatissimum

authorship: Hayata

name: Machilus acuminatissima var. tasulinensis

Machilus acuminatissimus

authorship: (Hayata) Kaneh.

authorship: (Hayata) Kaneh. & Kaneh.

Machilus philippinensis

authorship: Merr.

Persea acuminatissima

authorship: (Hayata) Kosterm.

Persea philippinensis

authorship: (Merr.) Elmer

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Height

label: Life cycle

authors: (Merr.) C.E.Chang

published_in: Fl. Taiwan 2: 417

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: cinnamomum-reticulatum

scientific: Cinnamomum reticulatum

epithet: reticulatum

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo  30(1): 239 (1911)

names: 土樟 网脉桂

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  239


slug: cinnamomum-rigidissimum

scientific: Cinnamomum rigidissimum

epithet: rigidissimum

published_in: Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni  1959(2): 19 (1959)

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

names: 卵叶桂 卵叶樟

label: Life form

published_in: Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 19 (1959)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cinnamomum-subavenium

scientific: Cinnamomum subavenium

authorship: Miq.

epithet: subavenium

Cinnamomum borneense

authorship: Meisn.

Cinnamomum nooteboomii

authorship: Kosterm.

Cinnamomum ridleyi

authorship: Gamble

codes: CHC CHS TAI BAN BOR CBD MLY MYA SUL SUM VIE

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 304 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 香桂 黄樟

partners:
Callosciurus finlaysonii
Aegithina lafresnayei
Alophoixus pallidus
Ampeliceps coronatus
Anorrhinus austeni
Anthracoceros albirostris
Arctictis binturong
Buceros bicornis

authors: Miq.


slug: cinnamomum-sulphuratum

scientific: Cinnamomum sulphuratum

authorship: Nees

epithet: sulphuratum

Cinnamomum wagneri

authorship: Lukman.

Laurus cassia

authorship: Wall.

codes: ASS EHM IND MYA

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

authors: Nees

published_in: Pl. Asiat. Rar. (Wallich). ii. 74


slug: cinnamomum-verum

scientific: Cinnamomum verum

epithet: verum

published_in: Přir. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl.  2: 36 (1823)

preferred: cinnamon

source: wikidata

Camphorina cinnamomum

authorship: (L.) Farw.

Cinnamomum cinnamomum

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Cinnamomum cordifolium

authorship: Blume ex Lukman.

Cinnamomum iners

authorship: Wight

Cinnamomum mathewianum

authorship: Remya Kr., E.S.S.Kumar, Radhamany, Valsalad. & R.Jagad.

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

authorship: Blume

name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum unranked chartaceum

Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cordifolium

authorship: Hayne

name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. foeniculaceum

Laurus cinnamifera

authorship: Stokes

Laurus cinnamomea

authorship: Salisb.

Laurus cinnamomum

authorship: L.

Laurus cinnamomum unranked makoyanum

authorship: Jacob-Makoy

Laurus culitlaban

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Nees

Laurus montana

authorship: Link ex Meisn.

Persea cinnamomum

authorship: Spreng.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Cinnamaldehyde

activities: Acaricide Adrenergic Allelochemic Allergenic Anesthetic Antiaggregant Antibacterial Antienterococcic

Trans-cinnamaldehyde

activities: Allelochemic Antifeedant Antimutagenic Cancer-Preventive FLavor Pesticide Sweetener

Benzyl-benzoate

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Antiasthmatic Antidysmenorrheic Antispasmodic Antitumor Artemicide CNS-Depressant

Safrole

activities: Anesthetic Antiaggregant Antibacterial Anticonvulsant Antiseptic CNS-Depressant CNS-Stimulant Calcium-Antagonist

Eugenol

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiTNF Antiaggregant Antiarachidonate Antibacterial

Linalool

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiallergic Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

Cinnamyl-alcohol

activities: Allelochemic Antimutagenic Herbicide Nematicide Perfumery Pesticide

Lauric-acid

activities: Antibacterial Antioxidant Antiviral COX-1-Inhibitor COX-2-Inhibitor Candidicide Hypercholesterolemic

names:
cinnamon
Ceylon Cinnamon

names:
canela
canelero de Ceilán

names: 铁箍散 锡兰肉桂

names: canela canela-da-Índia

names:
Корица
Коричник цейлонский

names: Ceylon-Zimtbaum Ceylonzimt

names:
Cannelier
Cannelier de Ceylan

names: Cannella Cinnamomo

names:
Seylan tarçını
tarçın

names: இலவங்கப்பட்டை கருவாப்பட்டை

names: దాల్చిన చెక్క

names: Κανέλα Κεϋλάνης

partners:
Apis mellifera
Atrichopogon yamabukiensis
Chrysomya megacephala
Cinnyris dussumieri
Cratopus aurostriatus
Dasyhelea tamsi
Delta alluaudi
Dichaetomyia fasciculifera

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Leptotes pirithous
Atrichopogon yamabukiensis
Chrysomya megacephala
Cinnyris dussumieri
Cratopus aurostriatus
Dasyhelea tamsi
Delta alluaudi

partners:
Adoxophyes privatana
Aetalion reticulatum
Aglaopus glareola
Altha nivea
Anisodes absconditaria
Anoplolepis gracilipes
Anthene emolus
Apis mellifera


slug: cinnamomum-virens

scientific: Cinnamomum virens

epithet: virens

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales  22: 282 (1897)

label: Photosynthetic pathway


slug: cionosicys-excisus

scientific: Cionosicys excisus

authorship: (Griseb.) C.Jeffrey

genus: Cionosicys

epithet: excisus

family: Cucurbitaceae

Arkezostis alata

authorship: Kuntze

Arkezostis excisa

authorship: (Griseb.) Kuntze

Cayaponia alata

authorship: Cogn.

Cayaponia excisa

authorship: (Griseb.) Cogn.

Sicana excisa

authorship: Griseb.

codes: MXT BLZ CAY CUB GUA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

region: Caribbean

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

lifeform: climber

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: vine

authors: (Griseb.) C.Jeffrey


slug: cionosicys-macranthus

scientific: Cionosicys macranthus

authorship: (Pittier) C.Jeffrey

epithet: macranthus

Cayaponia macrantha

authorship: Pittier

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

value: liana

authors: (Pittier) C.Jeffrey


slug: cionura-erecta

scientific: Cionura erecta

authorship: (L.) Griseb.

genus: Cionura

epithet: erecta

family: Apocynaceae

Cynanchum procumbens

authorship: Medik. ex Steud.

Cynanchum rectum

authorship: Forssk. ex Decne.

Koelreuteria completa

authorship: Medik.

Marsdenia erecta var. flava

authorship: Yalt.

Pergularia erecta

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

codes: AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS TUR ALB BUL GRC KRI YUG TUE

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: scrambling subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 79 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: Ционура прямостоячая

value: woody

authors: Griseb.

published_in: Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2(4): 69

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cipadessa-baccifera

scientific: Cipadessa baccifera

authorship: (Roxb. ex Roth) Miq.

genus: Cipadessa

epithet: baccifera

family: Meliaceae

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 6 (1868)

Cipadessa baccifera var. sinensis

authorship: Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Cipadessa cinerascens

authorship: (Pellegr.) Hand.-Mazz.

Cipadessa fruticosa

authorship: Blume

Cipadessa fruticosa var. cinerascens

authorship: Pellegr.

Cipadessa sinensis

authorship: (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Hand.-Mazz.

authorship: (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) E.Salisb.

Cipadessa subscandens

authorship: (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq.

Cipadessa warburgii

authorship: Perkins

Ekebergia indica

authorship: Hornem. ex Hoffmanns.

authorship: Roxb.

Ekebergia integerrima

authorship: Wall.

Mallea integerrima

authorship: Wall. ex Voigt

Mallea subscandens

authorship: Teijsm. & Binn.

Melia baccifera

authorship: Roth

codes: CHC CHS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names: 野茶辣 假茶辣

partners:
Antheraea paphia
Appias albina
Cephonodes hylas
Cepora nerissa
Cupha erymanthis
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
Eudynamys scolopaceus
Euploea sylvester

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cipocereus-minensis

scientific: Cipocereus minensis

authorship: (Werderm.) F.Ritter

genus: Cipocereus

epithet: minensis

family: Cactaceae

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 1: 57. 1979.

Cephalocereus minensis

authorship: (Werderm.) L.Y.Dawson

Cereus minensis

authorship: Werderm.

Coleocephalocereus minensis

authorship: (Werderm.) F.H.Brandt

Pilocereus minensis

authorship: (Werderm.) Backeb.

Pilosocereus minensis

authorship: (Werderm.) Byles & G.D.Rowley

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: quiabo-da-lapa quiabo-do-inferno

partners:
Campylopterus largipennis
Phaethornis pretrei

partners:
Marmosops incanus
Caluromys philander
Didelphis albiventris
Gracilinanus agilis
Gracilinanus microtarsus
Marmosa paraguayana
Metachirus nudicaudatus

value: shrub

value: lithophyte

authors: (Werderm.) F.Ritter

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 1: 57

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cipocereus-pleurocarpus

scientific: Cipocereus pleurocarpus

epithet: pleurocarpus

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 1: 54. 1979.

Cipocereus minensis subsp. pleurocarpus

authorship: (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi

Coleocephalocereus pleurocarpus

authorship: (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt

Pilosocereus pleurocarpus

authorship: (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun

lifeform: succulent shrub

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 1: 54 (-55), fig


slug: cipura-campanulata

scientific: Cipura campanulata

authorship: Ravenna

genus: Cipura

epithet: campanulata

family: Iridaceae

published_in: Revista Inst. Munic. Bot.  2: 51 (1964)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ BZE BZC CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: geophyte

authors: Ravenna

published_in: Revista Inst. Munic. Bot. 2: [51]


slug: cipura-paludosa

scientific: Cipura paludosa

authorship: Aubl.

epithet: paludosa

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane  1: 38 (1775)

Cipura cubensis

authorship: Griseb.

Cipura goodspeediana

authorship: (Vargas) R.C.Foster

Cipura graminea

authorship: Kunth

Cipura major

authorship: Rusby

Cipura paludosa var. cubensis

authorship: (Griseb.) Baker

Cipura paludosa var. subglobosa

authorship: Maury

Cypella goodspeediana

authorship: Vargas

Marica graminea

authorship: (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.

Marica paludosa

authorship: (Aubl.) Willd.

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ELS FRG GUA HON NIC PAN PAR PER TRT VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 514 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: cipura-xanthomelas

scientific: Cipura xanthomelas

authorship: Maxim. ex Klatt

epithet: xanthomelas

published_in: Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle  15: 362 (1882)

codes: BZE BZL BZC

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: cipuropsis-capituligera

scientific: Cipuropsis capituligera

authorship: (Griseb.) Christenh. & Byng

genus: Cipuropsis

epithet: capituligera

family: Bromeliaceae

Guzmania capituligera

authorship: (Griseb.) Mez

Guzmania fastuosa

authorship: (André) Mez

Guzmania harrisii

authorship: Mez

Mezobromelia capituligera

authorship: (Griseb.) J.R.Grant

Mezobromelia capituligera f. lutea

authorship: Steyerm.

Schlumbergeria capituligera

authorship: (Griseb.) Harms

Schlumbergeria fastuosa

authorship: (André) Harms

Thecophyllum capituligerum

authorship: (Griseb.) L.B.Sm.

Tillandsia fastuosa

authorship: André

Vriesea capituligera

authorship: (Griseb.) L.B.Sm. & Pittendr.

codes: BOL CLM CUB DOM ECU HAI JAM LEE PER TRT VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

lifeform: epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 186 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Adelomyia melanogenys
Aglaiocercus coelestis
Aglaiocercus kingii
Boissonneaua flavescens
Coeligena coeligena
Coeligena torquata
Coeligena wilsoni
Doryfera ludovicae

authors: (Griseb.) Christenh. & Byng

published_in: Global Fl. 4: 68

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cipuropsis-hospitalis

scientific: Cipuropsis hospitalis

authorship: (L.B.Sm.) Christenh. & Byng

epithet: hospitalis

Mezobromelia hospitalis

authorship: (L.B.Sm.) J.R.Grant

Vriesea hospitalis

authorship: (L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.B.Sm.) Christenh. & Byng

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: circaea-alpina

scientific: Circaea alpina

authorship: L.

genus: Circaea

epithet: alpina

family: Onagraceae

preferred: Alpine Enchanter's-nightshade

english:
Alpine Enchanter's-nightshade
Alpine enchanter’s-nightshade
enchanter's nightshade
small enchanter's nightshade

source: inat

Carlostephania minor

authorship: Bubani

Circaea alpestris

authorship: Schur

Circaea alpina f. composita

authorship: Lasch

Circaea alpina f. imaicola

authorship: Asch. & Magnus

Circaea alpina f. pacifica

authorship: (Asch. & Magnus) G.N.Jones

Circaea alpina f. pilosula

authorship: (Hara) Kitag.

Circaea alpina var. aleutica

authorship: Nieuwl.

Circaea alpina var. caulescens

authorship: Kom.

Circaea alpina var. fertilis

authorship: Döll

Circaea alpina var. imaicola

authorship: (Asch. & Magnus) Asch. & Magnus

Circaea alpina var. minor

authorship: Schrad.

Circaea alpina var. pacifica

authorship: (Asch. & Magnus) M.E.Jones

Circaea alpina var. pilosula

authorship: (H.Hara) H.Hara

Circaea caulescens

authorship: (Komarov) Nakai ex Hara

Circaea caulescens var. robusta

authorship: Nakai ex H.Hara

Circaea cordifolia

authorship: Stokes

Circaea decumbens

authorship: Gilib.

Circaea imaicola

authorship: (Asch. & Magnus) Hand.-Mazz.

Circaea imaicola var. mairei

authorship: (H.Lév.) Hand.-Mazz.

Circaea lutetiana subsp. alpina

authorship: (L.) H.Lév.

Circaea lutetiana var. alpina

authorship: (L.) Torr.

Circaea minima

authorship: Mill.

Circaea minutula

authorship: Ohwi

Circaea pricei

authorship: Hayata

Circaea racemosa var. alpina

authorship: (L.) Hill

Ocimastrum minimum

authorship: Rupr.

Regmus alpinus

authorship: (L.) Dulac

codes: AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ SAK TAI CHT TCS TVA TUR WSB YAK ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP PAK THA VIE WHM ALB AUT BLT BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN IRE ITA YUG RUW NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI ASK ABT ALU ARI BRC CAL COL CNT WDC IDA ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2071 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
enchanter's nightshade
Alpine enchanter’s-nightshade

names: Двулепестник альпийский

names: Цирцея альпійська

partners:
Adela septentrionella
Chasmatonotus maculipennis

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Altica lythri
Altica oleracea
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella

partners:
Erysiphe circaeae
Puccinia circaeae
Pucciniastrum circaeae

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: circaea-canadensis

scientific: Circaea canadensis

epithet: canadensis

Circaea canadensis var. virginiana

authorship: Fernald

Circaea latifolia

authorship: Hill

Circaea lutetiana f. quadrisulcata

authorship: Maxim.

Circaea lutetiana subsp. canadensis

authorship: (L.) Asch. & Magnus

Circaea lutetiana subsp. quadrisulcata

authorship: (Maxim.) Asch. & Magnus

Circaea lutetiana var. canadensis

authorship: L.

Circaea maximowiczii

authorship: (H.Lév.) Hara

Circaea maximowiczii f. viridicalyx

authorship: (H.Hara) Kitag.

Circaea quadrisulcata

authorship: (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.

Circaea quadrisulcata subsp. canadensis

authorship: (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Circaea quadrisulcata var. canadensis

authorship: (L.) H.Hara

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK JAP KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR CHM NCS PRM SAK WSB RUC RUE ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS WYO

Altay

code: ALT

Manchuria

code: CHM

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

West Siberia

code: WSB

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1985 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade
Canada enchanter's nightshade

names: Двулепестник канадский

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: circaea-cordata

scientific: Circaea cordata

authorship: Royle

epithet: cordata

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. : 211 (1835)

Circaea cardiophylla

authorship: Makino

Circaea kitagawae

authorship: Hara

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM PRM SAK TAI CHT ASS NEP PAK WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 露珠草 牛泷草

names: Двулепестник сердцевидный

label: Flowering months

value: Jul-Aug

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 211, t. 43, f. 1

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: circaea-erubescens

scientific: Circaea erubescens

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

epithet: erubescens

Circaea kawakamii

authorship: Hayata

Circaea lutetiana prol. erubescens

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) H.Lév.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR TAI

names: 牛泷草 臺灣露珠草

authors: Franch. & Sav.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 370


slug: circaea-lutetiana

scientific: Circaea lutetiana

epithet: lutetiana

preferred: enchanter's-nightshade

english:
enchanter's-nightshade
broadleaf enchanter's nightshade

Carlo-stephania major

authorship: Bubani

Circaea erecta

authorship: Gilib.

Circaea lutetiana f. albiflora

authorship: H.Lév. ex Hegi

Circaea lutetiana f. brevipes

authorship: (Batt.) H.Lév.

Circaea lutetiana f. cordifolia

authorship: Lasch

Circaea lutetiana f. hirsuta

authorship: (Podp.) Hayek

Circaea lutetiana f. mediterranea

authorship: (Asch. & Magnus) Paol.

Circaea lutetiana subsp. mediterranea

authorship: Asch. & Magnus

Circaea lutetiana subvar. cordifolia

authorship: (Lasch) Hayek

Circaea lutetiana var. brevipes

authorship: Batt.

Circaea lutetiana var. cordifolia

authorship: (Lasch) Beck

Circaea lutetiana var. decipiens

authorship: Asch.

Circaea lutetiana var. erythrocalyx

authorship: Kuntze

Circaea lutetiana var. glaberrima

authorship: (Lasch) Asch. & Magnus

Circaea lutetiana var. glabra

authorship: Peterm.

Circaea lutetiana var. hirsuta

authorship: Podp.

Circaea lutetiana var. obscura

authorship: Grognot

Circaea lutetiana var. villosa

authorship: Beck

Circaea major

authorship: Lam.

Circaea nemoralis

authorship: Salisb.

Circaea ovatifolia

authorship: Stokes

Circaea pubescens

authorship: Pohl

Circaea racemosa var. lutetiana

authorship: (L.) Hill

Circaea vulgaris

authorship: Moench

Regmus lutetianus

authorship: (L.) Dulac

codes: ALG TUN IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET NOR POL POR ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Tunisia

code: TUN

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2055 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
broadleaf enchanter's nightshade
Common Enchanter's Nightshade

names:
أبو سلام
عشرق

names: Двулепестник парижский

names:
Відьмине зілля звичайне
Цирцея звичайна

partners:
Neoascia podagrica
Agapostemon texanus
Ageniella accepta
Andrena nigrae
Anoplius virginiensis
Anthocomus
Anthocomus erichsoni
Augochlora feronia

partners:
Bombus vestalis
Episyrphus balteatus
Neoascia podagrica
Platycheirus scutatus
Apis mellifera
Augochlorella aurata
Cheilosia pagana
Helophilus

partners:
Erysiphe circaeae
Metatropis rufescens
Puccinia circaeae

partners:
Metatropis rufescens
Deilephila elpenor
Ecliptopera silaceata
Mompha langiella
Mompha terminella
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca

partners:
Puccinia circaeae
Erysiphe circaeae
Pucciniastrum circaeae

partners:
Puccinia circaeae
Pucciniastrum circaeae


slug: circandra-serrata

scientific: Circandra serrata

genus: Circandra

epithet: serrata

family: Aizoaceae

Erepsia serrata

authorship: (L.) L.Bolus

Mesembryanthemum serratifolium

authorship: Steud.

Mesembryanthemum serratum

authorship: L.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: succulent subshrub

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 87: 126