slug: aesculus-californica

scientific: Aesculus californica

authorship: (Spach) Nutt.

genus: Aesculus

epithet: californica

family: Sapindaceae

preferred: California buckeye

Calothyrsus californica

authorship: Spach

Hippocastanum californicum

authorship: (Spach) Greene

Pavia californica

authorship: (Spach) Hartw.

Pawia californica

authorship: (Spach) Kuntze

California

code: CAL

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 加州七叶树 加州七葉樹

names: Конский каштан калифорнийский

names:
Marronnier de Californie
Pavier de Californie

names: Гіркокаштан каліфорнійський

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Apoidea
Bombus vosnesenskii
Ceratina punctigena
Lepidoptera

partners:
Strymon melinus
Tharsalea arota
Atlides halesus
Battus philenor hirsuta
Limenitis bredowii californica
Lon melane
Ochlodes agricola
Strymon saepium

partners:
Apis mellifera
Calypte anna
Celastrina ladon echo
Cyrtolobus vanduzii
Dryobates nuttallii
Hoplia callipyge
Junonia grisea
Lon melane

partners:
Alypia mariposa
Anastrangalia laetifica
Apis mellifera
Archips argyrospila
Archips rileyana
Argynnis adiaste adiaste
Argynnis callippe callippe
Argynnis callippe comstocki

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Agrilus politus
Erythmelus picinus
Erythmelus psallidis
Ittys californica

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: this native, deciduous shrub or tree

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

quote: reaches 12 m in height

label: Leaf type

value: compound

quote: palmately compound leaves occur in leaflets of 5 to 7

label: Leaf retention

value: deciduous

quote: one of the earliest to shed its leaves in mid-summer

label: Foliage colour

value: red

value: one of the first shrubs to leaf out in spring

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(2): 251


slug: aesculus-chinensis

scientific: Aesculus chinensis

authorship: Bunge

epithet: chinensis

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 84 (1832)

preferred: Chinese Horse-chestnut

source: wikidata

Aesculus chekiangensis

authorship: Hu & Fang

Aesculus chinensis var. chekiangensis

authorship: (Hu & Fang) W.P.Fang

Aesculus wilsonii

authorship: Rehder

Pawia chinensis

authorship: Kuntze

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHN CHC CHS LAO

China North-Central

code: CHN

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Laos

code: LAO

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Chinese Horse-chestnut
Wilson's Horse-chestnut

names: 七叶树 娑罗子

names: Гіркокаштан китайський

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Bunge

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. [A.A. von Bunge] 10

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: aesculus-flava

scientific: Aesculus flava

authorship: Sol.

epithet: flava

published_in: Cat. Arb. Frut. Hort. Edinb. Cres. 1778: 1 (1778)

preferred: yellow buckeye

Aesculus hystrix

authorship: Raf.

Aesculus lutea

authorship: Castigl.

authorship: Wangenh.

Aesculus lutea var. discolor

authorship: Dippel

Aesculus octandra

authorship: Marshall

Aesculus octandra f. vestita

authorship: (Sarg.) Fernald

Aesculus octandra var. hybrida

authorship: Sarg.

Aesculus pavia var. flava

authorship: (Sol.) Kuntze

Pavia discolor

authorship: Sweet

Pavia flava

authorship: Moench

Pavia lutea

authorship: Poir.

Pawia octandra

authorship: (Marshall) Kuntze

codes: ALA GEO ILL INI KTY MRY NCA OHI PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1382 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
yellow buckeye
sweet buckeye

names: Гіркокаштан жовтий

partners: Apoidea Trochilidae

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
Baeolophus bicolor
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Cyanocitta cristata
Hesperiphona vespertina
Poecile atricapillus

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Cameraria aesculisella
Erythridula idonea
Hyalophora cecropia
Hyphantria cunea
Psittacula krameri

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS

published_in: Cat. Arbor. Frutic. Horto Edin. [J.Hope] 1778: 3

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: aesculus-glabra

scientific: Aesculus glabra

authorship: Willd.

epithet: glabra

preferred: Ohio buckeye

source: inat

Aesculus arguta

authorship: Buckley

Aesculus buckleyi

authorship: (Sarg.) Bush

Aesculus echinata

authorship: Muhl.

Aesculus glabra f. pallida

authorship: (Willd.) Fernald

Aesculus glabra subsp. arguta

authorship: (Buckley) A.E.Murray

Aesculus glabra var. arguta

authorship: (Buckley) Rob.

Aesculus rosea

authorship: Loudon

Aesculus rubella

authorship: Wender.

Aesculus rubicunda

authorship: Lodd.

Hippocastanum glabrum var. buckleyi

authorship: (Sarg.) Lunell

Nebropsis glabra

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

Pavia glabra

authorship: Spach

Pavia rubra var. arguta

authorship: G.Don ex Loudon

codes: ALA ARK GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAI MRY MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY OHI OKL ONT PEN TEN TEX WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Maine

code: MAI

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1975 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Конский каштан голый

names: شاهبلوط گلابرا

names: Гіркокаштан огайський

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Andrena erythrogaster
Andrena nuda
Anthophora walshii
Bombus
Brachypalpus rileyi
Calocoris rapidus
Cerceris clypeata

partners:
Bombus auricomus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus rufocinctus
Apis mellifera

partners:
Acanthocephala terminalis
Actina viridis
Arilus cristatus
Banasa calva
Bibio articulatus
Camponotus pennsylvanicus
Coccinella septempunctata
Cyrtolobus celsus

partners:
Eratoneura fulleri
Eratoneura rubranotata
Erythridula aesculella
Erythridula rubroscuta
Typhlocyba attenuata
Agrilus masculinus
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Apis mellifera

quote: most less than 15 m tall (rarely to 45 m)

value: Flowering: March-May, after the leaves appear; fruiting: September-October.

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: aesculus-hippocastanum

scientific: Aesculus hippocastanum

authorship: L.

epithet: hippocastanum

preferred: horse-chestnut

english:
horse-chestnut
European horse chestnut
European horsechestnut
Horse Chestnut
Horse-chestnut
Spanish chestnut
White Horse Chestnut
buckeye
common horse chestnut
conker tree
horse chestnut

Aesculus castanea

authorship: Gilib.

Aesculus hippocastanum f. beaumanii

authorship: (C.K.Schneid.) Dole

Aesculus hippocastanum f. pendula

authorship: (Puvill.) Rehder

name: Aesculus hippocastanum var. argenteovariegata

name: Aesculus hippocastanum var. aureovariegata

Aesculus hippocastanum var. incisa

authorship: Booth ex Loudon

Aesculus hippocastanum var. pendula

authorship: Puvill.

Aesculus procera

authorship: Salisb.

Aesculus septenata

authorship: Stokes

Hippocastanum aesculus

authorship: Cav.

Hippocastanum vulgare

authorship: Gaertn.

Pawia hippocastanum

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

codes: TKM TUR ALB BUL GRC YUG

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1965 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Aescin

activities: AntiMS Antianeurysm Antiasthmatic Antibradykinic Anticapillarihemorrhagic Anticapillary-Fragility Anticephalagic Anticervicobrachialgic

Escin

activities: Antiasthmatic Antibradykinic Anticapillarihemorrhagic Anticapillary-Fragility Antieclamptic Antiedemic Antiepiglottitic Antiexudative

Esculin

activities: Analgesic AntiCVS Antiaging Antialopecic Antiarthritic Anticapillary-Fragility Anticellulitic Antidermatitic

Aesculin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic AntiCVS AntiRaynaud's Antiacrocyanotic Antiaging Antialopecic Antiarthritic

activities: Antibacterial Anticapillary-Fragility Antielastase Antienzymatic Antierythemic Antiglucuronidase Antiinflammatory Antioxidant

(-)-Epicatechin

activities: 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ACE-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiEBV AntiHIV Antiaggregant Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

Saponins

activities:
Antihepatomic
Antimutagenic
Antitumor (Lung)
Antitumor (Ovary)
Immunomodulator

Limonene

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Acaricide Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiadenomic Antialzheimeran? Antiasthmatic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names: Horse-chestnut Conker-tree

names:
Castaño de la India
castaño de Indias

names:
ou zhou qi ye shu
歐洲七葉樹

names: كستناء الحصان

names:
Castanheiro da Índia
castanha-da-índia

names:
kaštan konskij
Конский каштан обыкновенный

names: セイヨウトチノキ マロニエ

names:
Gemeine Rosskastanie
Gewöhnliche Rosskastanie

names:
Marronier commun
Marronnier

names: Ippocastano ipposcastano

names:
Koca At Kestanesi
at kestanesi

names:
Kasztanowiec zwyczajny
kasztanowiec pospolity

names:
Гіркокаштан звичайний
Каштан білий

names:
Castan porcesc
Castan sălbatic

names: ערמונית הסוסים

names:
Αίσκουλος η ιπποκαστανέα
Αγριοκαστανιά

names:
jírovec ma
jírovec maďal

partners:
Brachypalpus valgus
Agapostemon texanus
Amegilla
Andrena
Andrena chrysosceles
Andrena erythrogaster
Andrena flavipes
Andrena nitida

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus lucorum
Andrena nitida
Archilochus colubris
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus impatiens

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Acericerus heydenii
Andrena cineraria
Anthocomus equestris
Apis mellifera
Araniella
Bombus huntii
Cameraria ohridella
Cyclocybe cylindracea

partners:
Cameraria ohridella
Alebra wahlbergi
Edwardsiana frustrator
Edwardsiana lethierryi
Celypha cespitana
Clastoptera obtusa
Edwardsiana crataegi
Hyphantria cunea

partners:
Cameraria ohridella
Cerioporus squamosus
Erysiphe alphitoides
Erysiphe flexuosa
Ileostylus micranthus
Phyllactinia guttata
Sawadaea bicornis
Viscum album

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Cameraria ohridella
Erwinia billingiae
Erysiphe flexuosa
Phytophthora cactorum
Pseudomonas amygdali pv. aesculi
Pseudomonas syringae

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte


slug: aesculus-indica

scientific: Aesculus indica

authorship: (Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook.f.

epithet: indica

Pavia indica

authorship: Wall. ex Cambess.

Pawia indica

authorship: (Wall. ex Cambess.) Kuntze

codes: AFG ASS EHM NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 243 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Himalayan Horse-chestnut
Indian Horse-Chestnut

names: Конский каштан индийский

names: Гіркокаштан індійський

names:
castanwydden-y-meirch Indiaidd
Castanwydd-y-Meirch India

partners:
Baaora variata
Acronicta major
Alebroides falcatus
Aporia agathon
Atrophaneura varuna
Ayubiana lantanae
Colobinae
Deudorix epijarbas

label: Height

category: Size

category: Foliage

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun-Jul

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: aesculus-parryi

scientific: Aesculus parryi

epithet: parryi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 200 (1882)

Pawia parryi

authorship: Kuntze

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1241 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Castaño
Castaño de Chaparral

names: Конский каштан Парри

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xvii. (1881-82) 200

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aesculus-parviflora

scientific: Aesculus parviflora

authorship: Walter

epithet: parviflora

preferred: Bottlebrush Buckeye

english:
Bottlebrush Buckeye
bottlebrush buckeye

Aesculus alba

authorship: (Poir.) Raf.

Aesculus macrostachya

authorship: Michx.

Aesculus macrostachys

authorship: Pers.

Aesculus parviflora f. serotina

authorship: Rehder

Macrothyrsus odorata

authorship: Raf.

Pavia alba

authorship: Poir.

Pavia edulis

authorship: Poit.

Pavia macrostachys

authorship: Loisel.

codes: ALA GEO SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Georgia

code: GEO

South Carolina

code: SCA

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 887 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bottlebrush Buckeye
Dwarf Buckeye

names: 小花七叶树 小花七葉樹

names: Конский каштан мелкоцветковый

names:
Marronnier à petites fleurs
Pavier blanc

names: شاهبلوط گلریز

names: Гіркокаштан щітковий

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bombus
Bombus pascuorum
Lasioglossum politum
Protographium marcellus

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Agapostemon virescens
Alypia octomaculata
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Atalopedes huron
Augochlorella aurata
Augochlorini

partners:
Hebata vitis
Megachile sculpturalis
Parancistrocerus leionotus
Physocephala tibialis
Polistes dominula
Polistes fuscatus
Sphecius speciosus
Xylocopa virginica

partners:
Acronicta americana
Augochlorini
Guignardia aesculi
Harrisina americana
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Lophocampa caryae
Megachile sculpturalis
Papilio glaucus

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 128


slug: aesculus-pavia

scientific: Aesculus pavia

authorship: L.

epithet: pavia

preferred: Red Buckeye

english:
Red Buckeye
red buckeye

Aesculus austrina

authorship: Small

Aesculus discolor

authorship: Pursh

Aesculus discolor var. flavescens

authorship: Sarg.

Aesculus discolor var. mollis

authorship: (Raf.) Sarg.

Aesculus humilis

authorship: Lindl.

Aesculus lyonii

authorship: Loudon

Aesculus mollis

authorship: Raf. ex Sarg.

Aesculus octandra var. discolor

authorship: (Pursh) Rehder

Aesculus pavia f. flavescens

authorship: (Sarg.) Geerinck

Aesculus pavia var. discolor

authorship: (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray

Aesculus pavia var. flavescens

authorship: (Sarg.) Correll

Aesculus pavia var. humilis

authorship: (Lindl.) Rehder

Aesculus pavia var. nana

authorship: Dippel

Aesculus pavia var. pendula

authorship: (Loudon) Rehder

Aesculus pubescens

authorship: Starcs

Aesculus rubescens

authorship: Tausch

Aesculus whitleyi

authorship: (Loudon) K.Koch

Macrothyrsus discolor

authorship: (Pursh) Spach

Pavia atropurpurea

authorship: Spach

Pavia coriacea

authorship: hort. ex Dippel

Pavia octandria

authorship: Mill.

Pavia rubra

authorship: Moench

Pavia rubra var. humilis

authorship: (G.Don) Loudon

Pavia rubra var. sublaciniata

authorship: S.Watson ex Loudon

Pawia rubra

authorship: (Pers.) E.H.L.Krause

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO ILL KTY LOU MSI MSO NCA OKL SCA TEN TEX WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Illinois

code: ILL

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 北美红花七叶树 北美紅七葉樹

names:
Конский каштан красный
Конский каштан павия

names: アカバナアメリカトチノキ

names:
Marronnier pavier, Pavier rouge, Pavier
Marronnier rouge

names:
Гіркокаштан червоний
Каштан павія

partners:
Archilochus colubris
Battus philenor
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Habropoda laboriosa
Icterus galbula
Icterus spurius
Papilio glaucus

partners:
Archilochus colubris
Battus philenor
Bombus bimaculatus
Camponotus americanus
Chymomyza amoena
Dryocampa kendalli
Lyssomanes viridis
Micrathena sagittata

partners:
Archips rileyana
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Archilochus colubris
Battus philenor
Bombus bimaculatus
Habropoda laboriosa
Papilio glaucus


slug: aesculus-sylvatica

scientific: Aesculus sylvatica

epithet: sylvatica

published_in: Travels Carolina : 476 (1791)

preferred: Painted Buckeye

english:
Painted Buckeye
painted buckeye

Aesculus georgiana

authorship: Sarg.

Aesculus microcarpa

authorship: Ashe

Aesculus neglecta var. georgiana

authorship: (Sarg.) Sarg.

codes: ALA GEO NCA SCA TEN VRG

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1192 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Конский каштан лесной

names: Georgia-Rosskastanie Wald-Rosskastanie

names: Гіркокаштан кольровий

partners:
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Ephemoropsis laboriosa
Habropoda laboriosa
Papilio glaucus

label: Growth form

label: Growth rate

label: Leaf retention


slug: aesculus-turbinata

scientific: Aesculus turbinata

authorship: Blume

epithet: turbinata

preferred: Japanese Horse-chestnut

english:
Japanese Horse-chestnut
Japanese horse chestnut

Aesculus turbinata f. pubescens

authorship: (Rehder) Ohwi ex Yas.Endo

Aesculus turbinata var. pubescens

authorship: Rehder

Pawia dissimilis

authorship: Kuntze

Pawia turbinata

authorship: (Blume) Kuntze

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 100 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 七叶树 日本七叶树

names: Конский каштан кубарчатый

names: トチノキ tochi-no-ki

names: Гіркокаштан японський

partners:
Bombus
Bombus honshuensis
Bombus hypocrita hypocrita

partners:
Angerona nigrisparsa
Celastrina argiolus
Celastrina sugitanii
Rapala arata

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness

authors: Blume

published_in: Rumphia 3: 195

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aetanthus-mutisii

scientific: Aetanthus mutisii

authorship: (Kunth) Engl.

genus: Aetanthus

epithet: mutisii

family: Loranthaceae

Aetanthus holtonii

authorship: Engl.

Loranthus mutisii

authorship: Kunth

Psittacanthus holtonii

authorship: Eichler

Psittacanthus mutisii

authorship: (Kunth) G.Don

Colombia

code: CLM

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

lifeform: hemiparasitic epiphyte

climate: wet tropical

partners:
Apis mellifera
Doryfera ludovicae

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

partners:
Hesperomeles
Melastomataceae
Miconia squamulosa
Quercus

authors: Engl.

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 3, Abt. 1: 189, fig. 128

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: aetanthus-nodosus

scientific: Aetanthus nodosus

epithet: nodosus

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 136 (1897)

Desrousseauxia nodosa

authorship: (Desr.) Tiegh.

Etubila dichotoma

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf.

Loranthus dichotomus

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Loranthus nodosus

authorship: Desr.

Psittacanthus dichotomus

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don

Psittacanthus nodosus

authorship: (Desr.) G.Don

codes: CLM ECU PER

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Mangarina Mingario

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. [Engler & Prantl] 1: 136

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aethionema-grandiflorum

scientific: Aethionema grandiflorum

authorship: Boiss. & Hohen.

genus: Aethionema

epithet: grandiflorum

family: Brassicaceae

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 24 (1849)

Aethionema cordifolium

authorship: Boiss.

name: Aethionema grandiflorum subsp. sintenisii

authorship: (Hausskn. & Bornm.) Govaerts

Aethionema pallidiflorum

authorship: Hausskn. & Bornm.

Aethionema pulchellum

authorship: Boiss. & A.Huet

codes: IRN IRQ TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

lifeform: subshrub

names:
Persian Candytuft
Persian stonecress

names: Крылотычинник крупноцветковый

value: herb

value: subshrub

value: non-woody

value: May-Jun

authors: Boiss. & Hohen.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 8: 42

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aethionema-saxatile

scientific: Aethionema saxatile

authorship: (L.) W.T.Aiton

epithet: saxatile

Aethionema almijarense

authorship: Amo & Campo ex Amo

Aethionema banaticum

authorship: Janka

Aethionema creticum

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss.

Aethionema dentatum

authorship: Biv.

Aethionema dimorphocarpum

authorship: Giraudias

Aethionema glaucescens

authorship: Halácsy

Aethionema gracile

authorship: DC.

Aethionema gracile var. athoum

authorship: Griseb.

Aethionema graecum

authorship: Boiss. & Spruner

Aethionema graecum var. glaucescens

authorship: (Halácsy) Halácsy

Aethionema marginatum

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Pau

Aethionema minus

authorship: Rouy & Foucaud

name: Aethionema monospermum subsp. monospermum

name: Aethionema monospermum subsp. pyrenaicum

authorship: (Boutigny) Rouy & Foucaud

authorship: (Boutigny) Nyman

Aethionema monospermum var. ovalifolium

authorship: (DC.) Rothm.

Aethionema peregrinum

authorship: Vines & Druce

Aethionema pyrenaicum

authorship: Boutigny

Aethionema saxatile f. banaticum

authorship: (Janka) Thell.

Aethionema saxatile f. glaucescens

authorship: (Halácsy) Hayek

Aethionema saxatile f. obtusifolium

authorship: (DC.) Thell.

Aethionema saxatile subsp. monospermum

authorship: (R.Br.) P.Fourn.

Aethionema saxatile subsp. oreophilum

authorship: I.A.Andersson, Carlström, Franzén, Karlén & H.Nybom

Aethionema saxatile var. anodontonema

authorship: Maire

Aethionema saxatile var. athoum

authorship: (Griseb.) Hayek

Aethionema saxatile var. gracile

authorship: (DC.) Freyn

Aethionema saxatile var. latifolium

authorship: (H.Lindb.) Maire

Aethionema saxatile var. monospermum

authorship: (R.Br.) Thell.

Aethionema saxatile var. scopulorum

authorship: Ronniger

Aethionema saxatile var. vavdae

authorship: Nadji

Aethionema subcapitatum

authorship: Bornm.

Iberis parviflora

authorship: Lam.

Iberis pyrenaica

authorship: Lapeyr.

Lepia marginata

authorship: Desv.

Thlaspi marginatum

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Lapeyr.

Thlaspi peregrinum

authorship: L.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG MOR EAI TUR ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 659 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Aethionema des rochers
Aethionéme des rochers

partners:
Andrena afrensis
Andrena agilissima
Andrena distinguenda
Andrena floricola
Andrena florivaga
Andrena lagopus
Andrena niveata
Andrena ranunculorum


slug: aethusa-cynapium

scientific: Aethusa cynapium

genus: Aethusa

epithet: cynapium

family: Apiaceae

preferred: fool's parsley

english:
fool's parsley
fools parsley

Aethusa agrestis

authorship: (Wallr.) Sloboda

Aethusa cicuta

authorship: Neck.

Aethusa cynapium f. agrestis

authorship: (Wallr.) Schube

Aethusa cynapium subsp. agrestis

authorship: (Wallr.) Dostál

Aethusa cynapium subsp. cynapioides

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Nyman

Aethusa cynapium subsp. gigantea

authorship: (Lej.) P.D.Sell

Aethusa cynapium var. agrestis

authorship: Wallr.

Aethusa cynapium var. campestris

authorship: Godr.

Aethusa cynapium var. cynapioides

authorship: (M.Bieb.) P.Fourn.

Aethusa cynapium var. elata

authorship: (Hoffm.) Gaudin

Aethusa cynapium var. elatior

authorship: Döll

Aethusa cynapium var. gigantea

authorship: Lej.

Aethusa cynapium var. hortensis

authorship: Boenn.

Aethusa cynapium var. macrocarpa

authorship: Gaudin

Aethusa cynapium var. nemorum

authorship: Lamotte

Aethusa cynapium var. pumila

authorship: Roth

Aethusa cynapium var. segetalis

authorship: (Boenn.) Rchb.

authorship: (Boenn.) Beck

Aethusa cynica

authorship: Dulac

Aethusa elata

authorship: Hoffm.

authorship: j.Friedl. ex Fisch.

Aethusa micrantha

authorship: Opiz ex Nyman

Aethusa petroselinifolia

authorship: Gilib.

Aethusa tenuifolia

authorship: Gray

Aethusa toxicaria

authorship: Salisb.

Cicuta cynapicum

authorship: Crantz

Cicuta minor

authorship: Garsault

Sium cynapium

authorship: Vest

codes: NCS TCS TUR AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

Great Britain

code: GRB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1706 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кокорыш обыкновенный

names:
Собача петрушка
Собача петрушка звичайна

partners:
Episyrphus balteatus
Meliscaeva auricollis
Sphaerophoria scripta
Andrena alutacea
Andrena ampla
Andrena floricola
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena nuptialis

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Episyrphus balteatus
Platycheirus scutatus
Apis mellifera
Bombus lucorum
Bombus sylvestris
Brassicogethes aeneus

partners:
Ichneumon sarcitorius
Scymnus interruptus

partners:
Eristalinus aeneus
Stenurella melanura
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphis fabae


slug: aextoxicon-punctatum

scientific: Aextoxicon punctatum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

genus: Aextoxicon

epithet: punctatum

family: Aextoxicaceae

published_in: Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. : 260 (1797)

preferred: Olivillo

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 914 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names: Olivillo Tique

partners:
Myrophenges planifrons
Colaptes pitius
Elaenia albiceps
Phrygilus patagonicus
Pteroptochos tarnii
Scelorchilus rubecula
Taractellus chilensis
Turdus falcklandii

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 260


slug: aframomum-angustifolium

scientific: Aframomum angustifolium

authorship: (Sonn.) K.Schum.

genus: Aframomum

epithet: angustifolium

family: Zingiberaceae

published_in: Pflanzenr. (Engler) Zingib. 218 1904

preferred: Guinea Grains

english:
Guinea Grains
Longoza Plant
Mlelgueta Pepper

Aframomum sanguineum

authorship: (K.Schum.) K.Schum.

Amomum angustifolium

authorship: Sonn.

Amomum clusii

authorship: Sm.

Amomum madagascariense

authorship: Lam.

Amomum madagascariensis

authorship: Lamk.

Amomum melegueta

authorship: Giseke

Amomum sansibaricum

authorship: Werth

Cardamomum angustifolium

authorship: (Sonn.) Kuntze

Cardamomum clusii

authorship: (Sm.) Kuntze

Cardamomum melegueta

authorship: Kuntze

Zingiber melegueta

authorship: Gaertn.

codes: ANG BEN BUR CMN CAF CON ZAI EQG ETH GAB GHA GUI GGI IVO KEN MDG MLW MOZ NGA RWA SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Togo

code: TOG

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Grand cardamone de Madagascar
Grand cardamome de Madagascar

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: afroaster-comptonii

scientific: Afroaster comptonii

authorship: (W.Lippert) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

genus: Afroaster

epithet: comptonii

family: Asteraceae

codes: SWZ TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

region: Southern Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

authors: (W.Lippert) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

published_in: Strelitzia 29: 793


slug: afroaster-erucifolius

scientific: Afroaster erucifolius

authorship: (Thell.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

epithet: erucifolius

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Thell.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt


slug: afroaster-hispidus

scientific: Afroaster hispidus

authorship: (Thunb.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

epithet: hispidus

Felicia asper

authorship: Burtt Davy

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 231 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: noxgxekana umthekisana

names: Udlutshana Udlutshane

authors: (Thunb.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt


slug: afroaster-peglerae

scientific: Afroaster peglerae

authorship: (Bolus) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

epithet: peglerae

value: 1 m

authors: (Bolus) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: afroaster-perfoliatus

scientific: Afroaster perfoliatus

authorship: (Oliv.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

epithet: perfoliatus

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Oliv.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: afroaster-pleiocephalus

scientific: Afroaster pleiocephalus

authorship: (Harv.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

epithet: pleiocephalus

codes: OFS NAT

authors: (Harv.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: afroaster-serrulatus

scientific: Afroaster serrulatus

epithet: serrulatus

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT MLW MOZ TVL ZAM ZIM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Udlutshani Ungqangendlela

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: afrocanthium-gilfillanii

scientific: Afrocanthium gilfillanii

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Lantz

genus: Afrocanthium

epithet: gilfillanii

family: Rubiaceae

Canthium gilfillanii

authorship: (N.E.Br.) O.B.Mill.

Plectronia macleana

authorship: Bolus ex Burtt Davy

Plectronia velutina

authorship: Conrath ex Burtt Davy

codes: BOT SWZ NAT TVL

Botswana

code: BOT

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 222 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Velvet Rock-alder
Velvet Turkeyberry

authors: (N.E.Br.) Lantz


slug: afrocanthium-mundianum

scientific: Afrocanthium mundianum

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Lantz

epithet: mundianum

Canthium mundianum

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Plectronia mundiana

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Pappe

Plectronia mundiana var. pubescens

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Sond.

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MOZ TVL ZIM

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 423 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Rock-Alder Turkeyberry
Rock-alder

names: klipels klipes

names:
umnqayi mbila
umsantulane

names: Isitulwana Ithambo

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Lantz


slug: afrocarpus-falcatus

scientific: Afrocarpus falcatus

authorship: (Thunb.) C.N.Page

genus: Afrocarpus

epithet: falcatus

family: Podocarpaceae

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45: 383. (1989)

preferred: Outeniqua Yellowwood

english:
Bastard Yellowwood
Outeniqua Yellowwood
yellowwood

Afrocarpus falcatus subsp. gaussenii

authorship: (Woltz) Silba

Decussocarpus falcatus

authorship: (Thunb.) de Laub.

Nageia falcata

authorship: (Thunb.) Carrière

Nageia meyeriana

authorship: (Endl.) Kuntze

Podocarpus falcatus

authorship: (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb.

authorship: (Thunb.) Endl.

Podocarpus gaussenii

authorship: Woltz

Podocarpus gracillimus

authorship: Stapf

Podocarpus meyerianus

authorship: Endl.

Taxus falcata

authorship: Thunb.

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MLW MOZ TVL

Malawi

code: MLW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Outeniqua Yellowwood
Bastard Yellowwood

names: 奥特尼夸山羅漢松 非洲杉

names: Афрокарпус серповидный

names: Kaariafrocarpus kaariafrokarpus

names: Kalandergeelhout Outeniekwa-geelhout

names: Umgeya umKhoba

names: umSonti umhlenhlane

label: Eaten by

partners:
Neophyllaphis varicolor
Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus
Poicephalus robustus

partners: Alternaria Diaporthe

value: Single Stem

value: evergreen

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(2): 383

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: afrocayratia-triternata

scientific: Afrocayratia triternata

authorship: (Baker) J.Wen & Rabarij.

genus: Afrocayratia

epithet: triternata

family: Vitaceae

Cayratia thalictrifolia

authorship: (Planch.) Suess.

Cayratia triternata

authorship: (Baker) Desc.

Cissus thalictrifolia

authorship: Planch.

Cissus triternata

authorship: (Baker) Suess.

Vitis triternata

authorship: Baker

Madagascar

code: MDG

lifeform: climber

authors: (Baker) J.Wen & Rabarij.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: afroligusticum-thodei

scientific: Afroligusticum thodei

authorship: (T.H.Arnold) P.J.D.Winter

genus: Afroligusticum

epithet: thodei

codes: CPP NAT LES TVL

lifeform: perennial

names: iMpondovu umphondovu

value: 2 m

authors: (T.H.Arnold) P.J.D.Winter

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: afrolobium-sericeum

scientific: Afrolobium sericeum

authorship: (Poir.) C.H.Stirt. & Muasya

genus: Afrolobium

epithet: sericeum

family: Fabaceae

Otholobium sericeum

authorship: (Poir.) C.H.Stirt.

Psoralea pedunculata

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Psoralea sericea

authorship: Poir.

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Poir.) C.H.Stirt. & Muasya

published_in: S. African J. Bot. 185: 357

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: afrolobium-swartbergense

scientific: Afrolobium swartbergense

authorship: (C.H.Stirt.) C.H.Stirt. & Muasya

epithet: swartbergense

Psoralea swartbergensis

authorship: (C.H.Stirt.) C.H.Stirt.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (C.H.Stirt.) C.H.Stirt. & Muasya

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: afropapaver-aculeatum

scientific: Afropapaver aculeatum

authorship: (Thunb.) Elvebakk & Bjerke

genus: Afropapaver

epithet: aculeatum

family: Papaveraceae

published_in: PhytoKeys 248: 160. 2024 [29 Oct 2024] [epublished]

Papaver gariepinum

authorship: Burch. ex DC.

Papaver horridum

authorship: DC.

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES NAM TVL

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 401 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

authors: (Thunb.) Elvebakk & Bjerke

published_in: PhytoKeys 248: 160

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: afroqueta-capensis

scientific: Afroqueta capensis

authorship: (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim.

genus: Afroqueta

epithet: capensis

family: Passifloraceae

Piriqueta capensis

authorship: (Harv.) Urb.

Turnera capensis

authorship: Harv.

codes: SWZ NAT MOZ TVL ZIM

Mozambique

code: MOZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: variable

authors: (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim.


slug: afrosalsola-divaricata

scientific: Afrosalsola divaricata

authorship: (Masson ex Link) Akhani

genus: Afrosalsola

epithet: divaricata

family: Chenopodiaceae

Darniella gymnomaschala

authorship: (Maire) Brullo

Darniella verticillata

authorship: (Schousb.) Brullo

Salsola divaricata

authorship: Link

Salsola gymnomaschala

authorship: Maire

Salsola longifolia var. verticillata

authorship: (Schousb.) Ball

Salsola oppositifolia var. verticillata

authorship: (Schousb.) Moq.

Salsola sieberi var. gymnomaschala

authorship: (Maire) Maire

Salsola verticillata

authorship: Schousb.

Seidlitzia gymnomaschala

authorship: (Maire) Iljin

Seidlitzia lowei

authorship: Iljin

Seidlitzia verticillata

authorship: (Schousb.) Iljin

codes: CNY MTN MOR WSA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Western Sahara

code: WSA

authors: (Masson ex Link) Akhani


slug: afrosciadium-afrum

scientific: Afrosciadium afrum

authorship: (Meisn.) P.J.D.Winter

genus: Afrosciadium

epithet: afrum

Annesorhiza afra

authorship: (Meisn.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.

Peucedanum afrum

authorship: (Meisn.) Burtt Davy

Peucedanum caffrum

authorship: (Meisn.) E.Phillips

Peucedanum connatum

authorship: E.Mey. ex Sond.

Peucedanum meisnerianum

authorship: McOwan ex Engl.

Seseli afrum

authorship: Meisn.

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES TVL

authors: (Meisn.) P.J.D.Winter


slug: afrosciadium-magalismontanum

scientific: Afrosciadium magalismontanum

authorship: (Sond.) P.J.D.Winter

epithet: magalismontanum

Peucedanum magalismontanum

authorship: Sond.

Peucedanum schlechteri

authorship: Engl.

codes: SWZ OFS NAT TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Sond.) P.J.D.Winter

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: afrosciadium-platycarpum

scientific: Afrosciadium platycarpum

epithet: platycarpum

codes: CPP NAT TVL


slug: afroscirpoides-dioeca

scientific: Afroscirpoides dioeca

authorship: (Kunth) García-Madr.

genus: Afroscirpoides

epithet: dioeca

family: Cyperaceae

Isolepis dioeca

authorship: Kunth

Scirpoides dioeca

authorship: (Kunth) Browning

Scirpus dioecus

authorship: (Kunth) Boeckeler

Scirpus schinzii

authorship: Boeckeler

codes: BOT CPP OFS NAM TVL

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 101 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: graminoid

value: geophyte

authors: (Kunth) García-Madr.


slug: afrotysonia-glochidiata

scientific: Afrotysonia glochidiata

authorship: (R.R.Mill) R.R.Mill

genus: Afrotysonia

epithet: glochidiata

family: Boraginaceae

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43: 470 (1986)

codes: CPP OFS NAT

authors: (R.R.Mill) R.R.Mill

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(3): 470


slug: afzelia-quanzensis

scientific: Afzelia quanzensis

authorship: Welw.

genus: Afzelia

epithet: quanzensis

preferred: pod mahogany

Afrafzelia attenuata

authorship: (Klotzsch) Pierre

Afrafzelia quanzensis

authorship: (Welw.) Pierre

Afzelia attenuata

authorship: Klotzsch

Intsia attenuata

authorship: (Klotzsch) Kuntze

Intsia quanzensis

authorship: (Welw.) Kuntze ex Engl.

Pahudia attenuata

authorship: (Klotzsch) Prain

Pahudia quanzensis

authorship: (Welw.) Prain

codes: ANG BOT CPP CPV ZAI SWZ KEN NAT MLW MOZ NAM TVL SOM TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Kenya

code: KEN

Somalia

code: SOM

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 252 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pod mahogany
African Mahogany

names: Афзелия кванзенская

names: Peulmahonie rooimahonie

names: mbambakofi mbarika

names: mubvangasi mubvonga

names: mutokota mutėokotėa

names: inkehli inkele

partners:
Broadleysaurus major
Bycanistes brevis
Cercopithecidae
Cercopithecus mitis
Charaxes bohemani
Charaxes castor
Charaxes etesipe
Charaxes jasius

value: tree


slug: afzelia-xylocarpa

scientific: Afzelia xylocarpa

authorship: (Kurz) Craib

epithet: xylocarpa

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 267 (1912)

Afzelia cochinchinensis

authorship: (Pierre) J.Léonard

authorship: (Pierre) Leonard

Afzelia siamica

authorship: Craib

Pahudia cochinchinensis

authorship: Pierre

authorship: Pierre ex Laness.

Pahudia xylocarpa

authorship: Kurz

codes: CBD LAO MYA THA VIE

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names: 缅茄 木茄

names:
gõ đỏ
Go Ca Te

names:
มะค่าโมง
Ma Khaa Mong

names: បេង ឬបេងស-ក្រហម

value: woody

value: deciduous

authors: (Kurz) Craib

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912(6): 267


slug: agalinis-aphylla

scientific: Agalinis aphylla

authorship: (Nutt.) Raf.

genus: Agalinis

epithet: aphylla

family: Orobanchaceae

preferred: scaleleaf false foxglove

Agalinis microphylla

authorship: Raf.

Agalinis oligophylla var. pseudaphylla

authorship: Pennell

Agalinis pseudaphylla

authorship: (Pennell) Shinners

Gerardia aphylla

authorship: Nutt.

Gerardia pseudaphylla

authorship: (Pennell) Pennell

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

authors: Raf.

published_in: New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 65

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-aspera

scientific: Agalinis aspera

authorship: (Douglas ex Benth.) Britton

epithet: aspera

preferred: tall false foxglove

Agalinis greenei

authorship: Lunell

Aureolaria aspera

authorship: (Douglas ex Benth.) Farw.

Gerardia aspera

authorship: Douglas ex Benth.

codes: ILL IOW KAN MAN MIN MSI MSO NEB NDA OKL SDA WIS

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

names:
tall false foxglove
rough agalinis

partners:
Chauliognathus pensylvanicus
Toxomerus marginatus

authors: Britton

published_in: Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown), ed. 2. ed. 2, 3: 209, fig. 3819


slug: agalinis-auriculata

scientific: Agalinis auriculata

authorship: (Michx.) S.F.Blake

epithet: auriculata

preferred: earleaf false foxglove

Aureolaria auriculata

authorship: (Michx.) Farw.

Dasistoma auriculata

authorship: (Michx.) Raf.

Gerardia auriculata

authorship: Michx.

Otophylla auriculata

authorship: (Michx.) Small

Otophylla michauxii

authorship: Benth.

Seymeria auriculata

authorship: (Michx.) Spreng.

codes: ALA ARK ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MRY MIN MSI MSO OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN VRG WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 418 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena spiraeana
Anthrenus museorum
Apallates coxendix
Ceratoma caminea
Cerceris clypeata
Cheilosia capillata
Colletes nudus
Diabrotica 12-punctata

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Andrena spiraeana
Anthrenus museorum
Apallates coxendix
Apis mellifera
Bombus auricomus
Bombus impatiens
Cerceris clypeata

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-bangii

scientific: Agalinis bangii

authorship: (Kuntze) Barringer

epithet: bangii

Gerardia bangii

authorship: Kuntze

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

authors: (Kuntze) Barringer

published_in: Brittonia 39(3): 353


slug: agalinis-brevifolia

scientific: Agalinis brevifolia

authorship: (Rusby) S.Beck

epithet: brevifolia

published_in: Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127: 1272 (2014)

Gerardia brevifolia

authorship: Rusby

authors: (Rusby) S.Beck

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: agalinis-communis

scientific: Agalinis communis

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) D'Arcy

epithet: communis

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 770 (1978 publ. 1979)

Gerardia communis

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Gerardia communis f. minor

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

codes: AGE AGW BZS BZL PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 311 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: perennial

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) D'Arcy

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 770


slug: agalinis-decemloba

scientific: Agalinis decemloba

authorship: (Greene) Pennell

epithet: decemloba

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 434 (1913)

preferred: sandplain false foxglove

source: usda

Agalinis acuta

authorship: Pennell

Gerardia acuta

authorship: (Pennell) Pennell

Gerardia decemloba

authorship: Greene

codes: ALA CNT WDC KTY MRY MAS NWY NCA PEN RHO SCA TEN VRG

Connecticut

code: CNT

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ten-lobed False Foxglove
sandplain false foxglove

partners:
Eupeodes americanus
Toxomerus marginatus
Agapostemon virescens
Bombus impatiens
Lasioglossum
Meibomeus musculus
Misumenini
Schinia septentrionalis

label: Visited by

value: non-woody

authors: Pennell

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 434

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol AGAC

license: public domain


slug: agalinis-densiflora

scientific: Agalinis densiflora

authorship: (Benth.) S.F.Blake

epithet: densiflora

preferred: Osage false foxglove

source: wikidata

Otophylla densiflora

authorship: (Benth.) Small

Tomanthera densiflora

authorship: (Benth.) Pennell

codes: KAN OKL TEX

Kansas

code: KAN

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 125 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gérardie des Osages
Gérardie à fleurs denses

published_in: Rhodora 20: 71

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-divaricata

scientific: Agalinis divaricata

authorship: (Chapm.) Pennell

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 437 (1913)

preferred: pineland false foxglove

Gerardia divaricata

authorship: Chapm.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ALA FLA GEO

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 437

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-edwardsiana

scientific: Agalinis edwardsiana

epithet: edwardsiana

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 522 (1922)

preferred: plateau false foxglove

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 471 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
plateau false foxglove
Plateau Agalinis


slug: agalinis-fasciculata

scientific: Agalinis fasciculata

authorship: (Elliott) Raf.

epithet: fasciculata

preferred: beach false foxglove

Agalinis domingensis

authorship: (Spreng.) D'Arcy

Agalinis purpurea var. racemosula

authorship: (Pennell) B.Boivin

Dasistoma laciniatum

authorship: Walp.

Gerardia domingensis

authorship: Spreng.

Gerardia fasciculata

authorship: Elliott

name: Gerardia fasciculata subsp. peninsularis

Gerardia purpurea var. fasciculata

authorship: (Elliott) Chapm.

codes: ALA ARK DEL FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX CUB DOM PUE

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 782 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Lerema accius
Phoebis sennae


slug: agalinis-filicaulis

scientific: Agalinis filicaulis

epithet: filicaulis

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 438 (1913)

preferred: Jackson false foxglove

Gerardia aphylla var. filicaulis

authorship: Benth.

Gerardia filicaulis

authorship: (Benth.) Chapm.

Gerardia nuda

authorship: A.Wood ex A.Gray

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 438

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-filifolia

scientific: Agalinis filifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) Raf.

epithet: filifolia

preferred: Seminole false foxglove

Gerardia filifolia

authorship: Nutt.

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 346 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Apis mellifera
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus impatiens
Lasioglossum miniatulum
Lasioglossum tarponense
Lasioglossum tegulare
Megachile albitarsis


slug: agalinis-gattingeri

scientific: Agalinis gattingeri

authorship: (Small) Small ex Britton & A.Br.

epithet: gattingeri

preferred: roundstem false foxglove

Aureolaria skinneriana var. asperula

authorship: (A.Gray) Farw.

Aureolaria tenuifolia var. gattingeri

authorship: (Small) Farw.

Gerardia asperula

authorship: (A.Gray) Small

Gerardia gattingeri

authorship: Small

codes: ALA ARK ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAN MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB OHI OKL ONT PEN TEN TEX WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Nebraska

code: NEB

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Texas

code: TEX

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 199 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
roundstem false foxglove
Gattinger's agalinis

published_in: Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown), ed. 2. ed. 2, 3: 213, fig. 3830

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-genistifolia

scientific: Agalinis genistifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) D'Arcy

epithet: genistifolia

Agalinis rigida

authorship: (Gillies ex Benth.) D'Arcy

Gerardia genistifolia

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Gerardia lanceolata var. filidens

authorship: Kuntze

Gerardia lanceolata var. genistifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Gerardia lanceolata var. rigida

authorship: (Gillies ex Benth.) Kuntze

Gerardia rigida

authorship: Gillies ex Benth.

Gerardia rigida var. grandiflora

authorship: Macloskie

Virgularia genistifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Mart.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

partners:
Allograpta
Apis mellifera
Augochlora iphigenia
Augochlorella ephyra
Augochloropsis erato
Bicolletes indigoticus
Bombus bellicosus
Bombus pauloensis

value: subshrub


slug: agalinis-harperi

scientific: Agalinis harperi

authorship: Pennell

epithet: harperi

preferred: coastal plain false foxglove

Agalinis albida

authorship: Britton & Pennell

Agalinis pinetorum var. delicatula

authorship: (Pennell) Pennell

Gerardia albida

authorship: (Britton & Pennell) Pennell

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MXG MXT MSI NCA SCA TEX BAH BLZ CUB HON JAM NIC

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Cuba

code: CUB

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: hemiparasitic annual

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

published_in: Fl. Miami [Small] 167, 200

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-heterophylla

scientific: Agalinis heterophylla

authorship: (Nutt.) Small ex Britton

epithet: heterophylla

preferred: Prairie False Foxglove

english:
Prairie False Foxglove
prairie false foxglove

Aureolaria heterophylla

authorship: (Nutt.) Farw.

Gerardia heterophylla

authorship: Nutt.

codes: ALA ARK KAN LOU MXE MSI MSO NCA OKL TEN TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

Kansas

code: KAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Missouri

code: MSO

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1972 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Agalinis purpurea

slug: agalinis-purpurea

names:
prairie false foxglove
prairie agalinis

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Hylephila phyleus

partners:
Hypocritanus fascipennis
Junonia coenia
Toxomerus marginatus

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Xylocopa virginica

source: GIFT

authors: Small in Britton & Rose

published_in: Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown), ed. 2. ed. 2, 3: 209, fig. 3820


slug: agalinis-homalantha

scientific: Agalinis homalantha

epithet: homalantha

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 525 (1922)

preferred: San Antonio false foxglove

Agalinis nuttallii

authorship: Shinners

Gerardia filifolia var. longifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) Benth.

Gerardia setacea var. longifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Gray

codes: ARK LOU MSI OKL TEX

Louisiana

code: LOU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: agalinis-linifolia

scientific: Agalinis linifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) Britton

epithet: linifolia

preferred: flaxleaf false foxglove

Agalinis perennis

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NCA SCA VRG CUB

Alabama

code: ALA

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 239 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown), ed. 2. 3: 209

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: agalinis-manglaris

scientific: Agalinis manglaris

authorship: Franc.Gut. & Cast.-Campos

epithet: manglaris

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

authors: Franc.Gut. & Cast.-Campos

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-maritima

scientific: Agalinis maritima

authorship: (Raf.) Raf.

epithet: maritima

preferred: saltmarsh false foxglove

Agalinis spiciflora

authorship: (Engelm.) Pennell

Gerardia cereifera

authorship: Millsp.

Gerardia crinita

authorship: Eddy ex Spreng.

Gerardia havanensis

authorship: Urb.

Gerardia maritima f. alba

authorship: Erskine

Gerardia maritima var. grandiflora

authorship: Benth.

Gerardia maritima var. major

authorship: Chapm.

Gerardia spiciflora

authorship: Engelm.

codes: ALA CNT DEL FLA GEO LOU MAI MRY MAS MXG MXT MSI NWH NWY NCA NSC RHO SCA TEX VRG BAH CUB DOM HON TCI

Connecticut

code: CNT

Maine

code: MAI

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Bahamas

code: BAH

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Honduras

code: HON

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

names:
saltmarsh false foxglove
saltmarsh agalinis


slug: agalinis-megalantha

scientific: Agalinis megalantha

authorship: (Diels) D'Arcy

epithet: megalantha

Gerardia megalantha

authorship: Diels

codes: BOL PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Peru

code: PER

authors: (Diels) D'Arcy


slug: agalinis-navasotensis

scientific: Agalinis navasotensis

authorship: Dubrule & Canne-Hill.

epithet: navasotensis

preferred: Navasota false foxglove

Texas

code: TEX

names:
Navasota false foxglove
Navasota false-foxglove

authors: Dubrule & Canne-Hill.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-neoscotica

scientific: Agalinis neoscotica

authorship: (Greene) Fernald

epithet: neoscotica

preferred: Middleton false foxglove

Agalinis paupercula var. neoscotica

authorship: (Greene) Pennell & E.P.St.John

Agalinis purpurea var. neoscotia

authorship: (Greene) B.Boivin

Gerardia neoscotica

authorship: Greene

Gerardia purpurea var. neoscotica

authorship: (Greene) Gleason

codes: MAI NBR NSC

Maine

code: MAI

New Brunswick

code: NBR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Middleton false foxglove
Nova Scotia agalinis

authors: Fernald

published_in: Rhodora 23: 139

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: agalinis-obtusifolia

scientific: Agalinis obtusifolia

authorship: Raf.

epithet: obtusifolia

preferred: tenlobe false foxglove

Agalinis erecta

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Pennell

Agalinis parvifolia

authorship: (Benth.) Small ex Britton

Gerardia obtusifolia

authorship: (Raf.) Pennell

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO KTY LOU MRY MSI NCA PEN SCA TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 64

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-oligophylla

scientific: Agalinis oligophylla

authorship: Pennell

epithet: oligophylla

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 432 (1913)

preferred: ridgestem false foxglove

Gerardia microphylla

authorship: Small

codes: ALA ARK LOU MSI TEN TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 432

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: agalinis-peduncularis

scientific: Agalinis peduncularis

authorship: (Benth.) Pennell

epithet: peduncularis

Buchnera fimbriata

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Gerardia peduncularis

authorship: Benth.

name: Gerardia peduncularis var. guatimalensis

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

published_in: Rhodora 20: 135

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: agalinis-plukenetii

scientific: Agalinis plukenetii

authorship: (Elliott) Raf.

epithet: plukenetii

preferred: Chattahoochee false foxglove

Gerardia plukenetii

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI SCA TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 63


scientific: Agalinis purpurea

authorship: (L.) Pennell

epithet: purpurea

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 424 (1913)

preferred: purple false foxglove

Agalinis paupercula

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton

Agalinis purpurea f. albiflora

authorship: House

Agalinis purpurea subsp. parviflora

authorship: (Benth.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Agalinis purpurea var. racemulosa

authorship: (Pennell) Boivin

Aureolaria intermedia

authorship: (Porter ex A.Gray) Farw.

Aureolaria purpurea

authorship: (L.) Farw.

Aureolaria purpurea var. paupercula

authorship: (A.Gray) Farw.

Gerardia intermedia

authorship: Porter ex A.Gray

Gerardia keyensis

authorship: (Pennell) Pennell

Gerardia paupercula f. albiflora

authorship: Vict. & J.Rousseau

Gerardia purpurea

authorship: L.

Gerardia purpurea f. albiflora

authorship: (Vict. & J.Rousseau) Scoggan

Gerardia purpurea var. crassifolia

authorship: Pursh

Gerardia purpurea var. racemulosa

authorship: (Pennell) Gleason

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXT MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS CAY CUB

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amblyscirtes samoset
Anthrenus museorum
Bombylius atriceps
Cerceris clypeata
Chalcosyrphus nemorum
Cochliomyia macellaria
Cothonaspis stigmata
Dilophus serotinus

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Ceratina calcarata
Megachile mendica
Melissodes niveus
Acontia candefacta
Agapostemon splendens
Anthophora terminalis
Anthrenus museorum

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Eupeodes americanus
Perdita gerardiae

partners:
Anoplius
Anthrenus
Bombus impatiens
Bombylius atriceps
Ceratina calcarata
Chalcosyrphus nemorum
Eupeodes americanus
Junonia coenia


slug: agalinis-setacea

scientific: Agalinis setacea

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Raf.

epithet: setacea

preferred: threadleaf false foxglove

Agalinis holmiana

authorship: (Greene) Pennell

Agalinis stenophylla

authorship: Pennell

Gerardia holmiana

authorship: Greene

Gerardia setacea var. parvifolia

authorship: Benth.

codes: ALA DEL WDC FLA GEO MRY NWJ NWY NCA SCA TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: (J.F.Gmel.) Raf.

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-strictifolia

scientific: Agalinis strictifolia

authorship: (Benth.) Pennell

epithet: strictifolia

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 520 (1922)

preferred: stiffleaf false foxglove

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agalinis-tenuifolia

scientific: Agalinis tenuifolia

authorship: (Vahl) Raf.

epithet: tenuifolia

preferred: slenderleaf false foxglove

Agalinis besseyana

authorship: (Britton) Britton

Agalinis tenuifolia f. albiflora

authorship: House

Agalinis tenuifolia var. leucanthera

authorship: (Raf.) Pennell

Agalinis tenuifolia var. macrophylla

authorship: (Benth.) S.F.Blake

Agalinis tenuifolia var. parviflora

authorship: (Nutt.) Pennell

Agalinis tenuifolia var. polyphylla

authorship: (Small) Pennell

Aureolaria tenuifolia

authorship: (Vahl) Farw.

Aureolaria tenuifolia var. albiflora

authorship: (Britton) Farw.

Aureolaria tenuifolia var. macrophylla

authorship: (Benth.) Farw.

Gerardia besseyana

authorship: Britton

Gerardia chytra

authorship: Steud.

Gerardia erecta

authorship: Walter

Gerardia filiformis

authorship: Raf. ex Benth.

Gerardia leucanthera

authorship: Raf.

Gerardia polyphylla

authorship: Small

Gerardia tenuifolia

authorship: Vahl

Gerardia tenuifolia var. leucanthera

authorship: (Raf.) Shinners

Gerardia tenuifolia var. parviflora

authorship: Nutt.

Gerardia tenuifolia var. polyphylla

authorship: (Small) Shinners

codes: ALA ARK COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS WYO

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2039 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
slenderleaf false foxglove
Bessey's false foxglove

names:
gérardie à feuilles ténues
gérardie à grandes feuilles

partners:
Andrena helianthi
Andrena nothoscordi
Andrena spiraeana
Anthocomus erichsoni
Anthrenus museorum
Apallates coxendix
Aporus niger
Auplopus mellipes mellipes

partners:
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Acontia candefacta
Andrena helianthi
Andrena nothoscordi
Andrena spiraeana
Anthrenus museorum

partners:
Milesia virginiensis
Pseudopanurgus parvus


slug: agalinis-viridis

scientific: Agalinis viridis

epithet: viridis

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 521 (1922)

preferred: green false foxglove

codes: ALA ARK LOU MSI MSO OKL TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Oklahoma

code: OKL

names:
green false foxglove
green gerardia


slug: aganope-stuhlmannii

scientific: Aganope stuhlmannii

authorship: (Taub.) Adema

genus: Aganope

epithet: stuhlmannii

published_in: Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 28: 10 (2000)

Deguelia stuhlmannii

authorship: Taub.

Derris stuhlmannii

authorship: (Taub.) Harms

Ostryoderris chevalieri

authorship: Dunn

Ostryoderris stuhlmannii

authorship: (Taub.) Dunn ex Harms

Xeroderris chevalieri

authorship: (Dunn) Roberty

Xeroderris stuhlmannii

authorship: (Taub.) Mendonça & E.P.Sousa

codes: BEN BOT BKN BUR CPV ZAI SWZ GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN MLW MLI MOZ NGA TVL SEN SIE TAN TOG ZAM ZIM

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mali

code: MLI

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Tanzania

code: TAN

Togo

code: TOG

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: aganosma-cymosa

scientific: Aganosma cymosa

authorship: (Roxb.) G.Don

genus: Aganosma

epithet: cymosa

family: Apocynaceae

Aganosma cymosa var. fulva

authorship: Craib

Aganosma doniana

authorship: Wight

Aganosma harmandiana

authorship: Pierre

Echites confertus

authorship: Wall.

Echites cymosus

authorship: Roxb.

codes: CHC CHS ASS BAN CBD IND LAO MYA SRL THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

names: 云南香花藤 老鼠牛角

authors: (Roxb.) G.Don

published_in: Gen. Hist. 4: 77


slug: agapanthus-africanus

scientific: Agapanthus africanus

authorship: (L.) Hoffmanns.

genus: Agapanthus

epithet: africanus

family: Amaryllidaceae

preferred: lily of the Nile

Abumon africanum

authorship: (L.) Britton

Agapanthus tuberosus

authorship: L. ex Redouté

Agapanthus umbellatus

authorship: L'Hér.

Crinum africanum

authorship: L.

Crinum floridum

authorship: Salisb.

Mauhlia africana

authorship: (L.) Dahl

Mauhlia linearis

authorship: Thunb.

Mauhlia umbellata

authorship: (L'Hér.) Thunb. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Tulbaghia africana

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Tulbaghia africana var. heisteri

authorship: (Fabr.) Kuntze

Tulbaghia heisteri

authorship: Fabr.

Tulbaghia minor

authorship: (G.Lodd.) Kuntze

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 516 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
lily of the Nile
African lily

names:
agapando africano
agapanto

names: 百子蓮 南非百子莲

names: Агапантус африканский

names: アガパンサス ムラサキクンシラン

names: Agapanthe d’Afrique, Agapanthe africaine

names:
Agapant afrykański
Agapant baldaszkowy

names: Kleinagapant bloulelie

partners:
Bombus bicoloratus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus mexicanus
Chlorostilbon lucidus
Eulaema nigrita
Papilio multicaudata multicaudata
Pieris rapae
Trigona spinipes

partners:
Papilio rutulus
Papilio eurymedon
Parayasa modesta
Telingana consobrina
Telingana flavipes
Telingana nigroalata

label: Parasites

label: Life form

label: Height

authors: Hoffmanns.

published_in: Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 35


slug: agapanthus-campanulatus

scientific: Agapanthus campanulatus

epithet: campanulatus

name: Agapanthus campanulatus subsp. campanulatus

Agapanthus campanulatus subsp. patens

authorship: (F.M.Leight.) F.M.Leight.

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES TVL

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bell Agapanthus
Bell Bluelily

names: Агапантус колокольчатый

names: Klokkiesagapant Klokkiesbloulelie

label: Pathogens

label: Life cycle

published_in: S. African Gard. 24: 71, 82, in adnot

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agapanthus-inapertus

scientific: Agapanthus inapertus

authorship: Beauverd

epithet: inapertus

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 2: 179 (1912)

codes: SWZ MOZ TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Mozambique

code: MOZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 177 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Drakensberg agapanthus
Drooping Bluelily

names: Agapanthe fermée, Agapanthe à fleurs fermées

names: Hangagapant Hangbloulelie

authors: Beauverd

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève Ser. II, ii. 179, 194 (1910)


slug: agapanthus-praecox

scientific: Agapanthus praecox

authorship: Willd.

epithet: praecox

preferred: African-lily

Agapanthus medius

authorship: Lodd. ex Steud.

Agapanthus umbellatus var. maximus

authorship: Lindl.

Agapanthus variegatus

authorship: Steud.

Tulbaghia praecox

authorship: (Willd.) Kuntze

codes: CPP NAT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1988 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African-lily
African Lily

names:
Agapando del Cabo
agapanto

names: 早花百子莲 早花百子蓮

names: Агапантус ранний

names: Novembrier, Agapanthe, Janvier, Lis bleu

names:
Agapant wczesny
Lilia afrykańska

names:
Gewone Agapant
Gewone Bloulelie

partners:
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Battus polydamas
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus dahlbomii
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pensylvanicus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Battus philenor
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Hylephila phyleus
Papilio aegeus
Papilio palamedes

partners:
Thygater aethiops
agapanthus gall midge
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus californicus
Caenohalictus
Caenohalictus sabanaensis
Calypte anna

label: Flower colour

value: blue

label: Flowering months

value: May-Aug

label: Fruit type

value: capsule


slug: agapanthus-walshii

scientific: Agapanthus walshii

epithet: walshii

published_in: Ann. Bolus Herb. 3: 14 (1920)

Agapanthus africanus subsp. walshii

authorship: (L.Bolus) Zonn. & G.D.Duncan

published_in: Ann. Bolus Herb. 3: 14

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: agapetes-serpens

scientific: Agapetes serpens

authorship: (Wight) Sleumer

genus: Agapetes

epithet: serpens

family: Ericaceae

Pentapterygium serpens

authorship: (Wight) Klotzsch

Vaccinium serpens

authorship: Wight

codes: CHT EHM NEP

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Nepal

code: NEP

lifeform: epiphytic or lithophytic shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 五翅莓 垂长树萝卜

label: Growth habit

authors: (Wight) Sleumer

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(1): 105

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agarista-buxifolia

scientific: Agarista buxifolia

authorship: (Lam.) G.Don

genus: Agarista

epithet: buxifolia

Agauria buxifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Cordem.

Agauria salicifolia var. buxifolia

authorship: (Comm. ex Lam.) Sleumer

Andromeda buxifolia

authorship: Comm. ex Lam.

Cassiphone buxifolia

authorship: (Comm. ex Lam.) Peterm.

Leucothoe buxifolia

authorship: (Lam.) DC.

codes: MDG REU

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Réunion

code: REU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 189 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Agariste à feuilles de buis, Petit bois de rempart, Bois de rempart des hauts, Petit bois de rempart des hauts

published_in: in G. Don, Gen. Syst. iii. 837 (1834)

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agarista-mexicana

scientific: Agarista mexicana

authorship: (Hemsl.) Judd

epithet: mexicana

Andromeda mexicana

authorship: Hemsl.

Leucothoe mexicana

authorship: (Hemsl.) Small

Leucothoe mexicana var. pinetorum

authorship: (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Sleumer

Leucothoe pinetorum

authorship: Standl. & L.O.Williams

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

names: Colcomeca Cuachalalate

label: Woodiness

authors: (Hemsl.) Judd

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 495


slug: agarista-populifolia

scientific: Agarista populifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Judd

epithet: populifolia

preferred: Florida hobblebush

Andromeda acuminata

authorship: Aiton

authorship: Sm.

Andromeda laurina

authorship: Michx.

Andromeda lucida

authorship: Jacq.

Andromeda populifolia

authorship: Lam.

Andromeda reticulata

authorship: Walter

Andromeda serrata

authorship: Sm. ex DC.

Andromeda walteri

authorship: Willd.

Leucothoe acuminata

authorship: (Aiton) G.Don

Leucothoe populifolia

authorship: Dippel

authorship: (Lam.) K.Koch

codes: ALA FLA GEO SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Florida hobblebush
agarista

authors: (Lam.) Judd

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agastache-breviflora

scientific: Agastache breviflora

authorship: (A.Gray) Epling

genus: Agastache

epithet: breviflora

family: Lamiaceae

published_in: J. Washington Acad. Sci.  29: 489 (1939)

preferred: Trans-Pecos giant hyssop

Brittonastrum breviflora

authorship: (A.Gray) Briq.

codes: ARI MXE NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (A.Gray) Epling

published_in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 29: 489

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: agastache-foeniculum

scientific: Agastache foeniculum

authorship: (Pursh) Kuntze

epithet: foeniculum

preferred: blue giant hyssop

english:
blue giant hyssop
lavender giant-hyssop

Agastache anethiodora

authorship: (Nutt.) Britton & A.Br.

Hyptis marathrosma

authorship: (Spreng.) Benth.

Hyssopus anethiodorus

authorship: Nutt.

Hyssopus discolor

authorship: Desf.

Hyssopus foeniculum

authorship: (Pursh) Spreng.

Lophanthus anisatus

authorship: (Nutt.) Benth.

Lophanthus foeniculum

authorship: (Pursh) E.Mey.

Perilla marathrosma

authorship: Spreng.

Stachys foeniculum

authorship: Pursh

Vleckia albescens

authorship: Raf.

Vleckia anethiodora

authorship: (Nutt.) Greene

Vleckia anisata

authorship: (Nutt.) Raf.

Vleckia foeniculum

authorship: (Pursh) MacMill.

codes: ABT BRC COL IDA ILL IOW MAN MIN MNT NEB NBR NDA NWT ONT QUE SAS SDA WAS WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Manitoba

code: MAN

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

North Dakota

code: NDA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

region: Subarctic America

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Washington

code: WAS

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2017 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Estragole

activities: Antiaggregant Calcium-Antagonist Cancer-Preventive Carcinogenic DNA-Binder FLavor Hepatocarcinogenic Hypothermic

Methyl-chavicol

activities: Calcium-Antagonist DNA-Binder Hepatocarcinogenic Hypothermic Insecticide Pesticide

Germacrene-d

activities: Pesticide Pheromone

Benzaldehyde

activities: Allergenic Anesthetic Antibacterial Anticancer Antimutagenic Antipeptic Antiseptic Antispasmodic

Caryophyllene

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic Antiacne Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Antidermatitic

Trans-anethole

activities: Analgesic Anesthetic Antigenotoxic Antioxidant Antiradicular Calcium-Antagonist FLavor Sweetener

Alpha-pinene

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacne Antibacterial Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antipneumonic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names: Многоколосник фенхельный

names: Agastache fenouil, Anis hysope, Hysope anisée, Grande hysope

partners:
Bombus affinis
Bombus citrinus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus vagans
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus fervidus

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Agapostemon virescens
Alypia octomaculata
Ancistrocerus gazella
Ancistrocerus parietum
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora urbana
Apis mellifera

partners:
Agapostemon
Allograpta obliqua
Ancistrocerus gazella
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora urbana
Aphis neomonardae
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron


slug: agastache-mexicana

scientific: Agastache mexicana

authorship: (Kunth) Lint & Epling

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist  33: 227 (1945)

Brittonastrum betonicoides

authorship: (Lindl.) Briq.

Brittonastrum mexicanum

authorship: (Kunth) Briq.

Cedronella mexicana

authorship: (Kunth) Benth.

Dracocephalum mexicanum

authorship: Kunth

Gardoquia betonicoides

authorship: Lindl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 201 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Giant Mexican Hyssop
Mexican Giant Hyssop

names: Многоколосник мексиканский

partners:
Ancistrocerus
Ancistrocerus catskill
Anthidium manicatum
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Bombus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus impatiens

authors: (Kunth) Lint & Epling

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist xxxiii. 227 (1945)