slug: euphorbia-mesembryanthemifolia

scientific: Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: mesembryanthemifolia

Anisophyllum flexuosum

authorship: (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke

Anisophyllum glabratum

authorship: (Sw.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce buxifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Small

Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Dugand

Chamaesyce yayalesia

authorship: (Urb.) Alain

Euphorbia buxifolia

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia buxifolia var. flexuosa

authorship: (Kunth) Boiss.

Euphorbia flexuosa

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia glabrata

authorship: Sw.

name: Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia f. florida

authorship: (Millsp.) Oudejans

name: Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia f. reclinata

name: Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia f. seminuda

name: Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia var. flexuosa

authorship: (Kunth) Oudejans

name: Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia var. ramosissima

name: Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia var. seminuda

Euphorbia myrtilloides

authorship: Schlecht. ex Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia salina

authorship: Willd. ex Boiss.

codes: FLA MXG MXT MXS ARU BAH BLZ BER BZN BZE BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM FRG GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PUE SWC TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Aruba

code: ARU

Bermuda

code: BER

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: euphorbia-microcarpa

scientific: Euphorbia microcarpa

authorship: Prokh.

genus: Euphorbia

epithet: microcarpa

family: Euphorbiaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Fl. Zapadno? Sibiri 8: 1878 (1935 publ. 1934)

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALT KAZ WSB CHX RUE

Altay

code: ALT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

East European Russia

code: RUE

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names: Молочай мелкоплодный

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun-Jul

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: (Prokh.) Krylov

published_in: Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1878

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: euphorbia-micromera

scientific: Euphorbia micromera

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: micromera

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 171 (1861)

preferred: Sonoran sandmat

source: usda

Chamaesyce micromera

authorship: (Boiss.) Wooton & Standl.

Chamaesyce pseudoserpyllifolia

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

Euphorbia pseudoserpyllifolia

authorship: Millsp.

name: Euphorbia pseudoserpyllifolia f. villosa

Euphorbia setiloba var. nodulosa

authorship: Jeps.

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN MXS NEV NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

lifeform: annual

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 957 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай мелкомерный

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: therophyte

value: annual

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Boiss.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHMI7

license: public domain

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: euphorbia-milii

scientific: Euphorbia milii

authorship: Des Moul.

epithet: milii

published_in: Bull. Hist. Nat. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 1: 27 (1826)

preferred: Christ plant

english:
Christ plant
Crown of thorns
christplant

source: wikidata

Euphorbia bojeri

authorship: Hook.

Euphorbia breonii

authorship: Nois.

Euphorbia milii f. lutea

authorship: Leandri

Euphorbia milii var. breonii

authorship: (Nois.) Ursch & Leandri

Euphorbia splendens subsp. bojeri

authorship: (Hook.) Denis

Euphorbia splendens var. bojeri

authorship: (Hook.) Costantin & Gallaud

Sterigmanthe bojeri

authorship: (Hook.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tumalis bojeri

authorship: (Hook.) Raf.

Madagascar

code: MDG

continent: AFRICA

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 863 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Crown of thorns
Christ plant

names:
corona de espinas
Corona de Cristo

names: 刺蓬花 虎刺梅

names: martírios bem-casados

names: Молочай прекрасный

names: Christusdorn Chrustusdorn

names:
Couronne d'épines
couronne du Christ

partners:
Apis cerana
Apis mellifera
Braunsapis hewitti
Camponotus planatus
Ceratina
Ceratopogonidae
Cerceris pictiventris formosicola
Chalybion bengalense

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Delta dimidiatipenne
Eumenes fraternus
Polistes aurifer
Polistes canadensis
Polistes dominula
Polistes metricus
Sceliphron spirifex
Zethus slossonae

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Anartia jatrophae
Apis cerana
Apis florea
Apis mellifera
Danaus chrysippus
Dialictus
Euploea core
Jingkara hyalipunctata

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

value: shrub

value: vine

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

value: chamaephyte

label: Flower colour

value: red

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: euphorbia-minuscula

scientific: Euphorbia minuscula

authorship: Bruyns

epithet: minuscula

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: subtropical

authors: Bruyns

published_in: Phytotaxa 423(2): 94

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-misera

scientific: Euphorbia misera

authorship: Benth.

epithet: misera

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 51 (1844)

preferred: cliff spurge

Euphorbia benedicta

authorship: Greene

Trichosterigma benedictum

authorship: (Greene) Millsp.

Trichosterigma miserum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CAL MXI MXN

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

lifeform: semisucculent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1920 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай скудный

partners:
Agapostemon melliventris
Ageniella coronata
Allograpta exotica
Anthrenus lepidus
Apis mellifera
Augochlorella pomoniella
Brephidium exilis
Ceratina acantha

value: woody

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 51


slug: euphorbia-missurica

scientific: Euphorbia missurica

authorship: Raf.

epithet: missurica

published_in: Atlantic J. 146. 1832

preferred: prairie sandmat

Chamaesyce missurica

authorship: (Raf.) Shinners

Chamaesyce missurica var. calcicola

authorship: Shinners

Chamaesyce missurica var. petaloidea

authorship: (Engelm.) Dorn

Chamaesyce nuttallii

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Chamaesyce zygophylloides

authorship: (Boiss.) Small

Euphorbia arenaria

authorship: Engelm. & Gray

authorship: Nutt.

Euphorbia missurica var. calcicola

authorship: (Shinners) Waterf.

Euphorbia missurica var. intermedia

authorship: (Engelm.) L.C.Wheeler

Euphorbia petaloidea

authorship: Engelm.

Euphorbia zygophylloides

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia zygophylloides var. cymulosa

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Vallaris missurica

authorship: (Raf.) Raf.

codes: ARK COL IOW KAN MSO MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL SDA TEX WYO

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 575 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Missouri spurge
prairie sandmat


slug: euphorbia-momccoyae

scientific: Euphorbia momccoyae

authorship: Lavranos

epithet: momccoyae

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 83: 260 (2011 publ. 2012)

Oman

code: OMA

region: Arabian Peninsula

authors: Lavranos

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-monteiroi

scientific: Euphorbia monteiroi

epithet: monteiroi

Euphorbia baumii

authorship: Pax

codes: ANG BOT CPV NAM TVL ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

names: Молочай Монтейро

value: 3 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-multiceps

scientific: Euphorbia multiceps

epithet: multiceps

published_in: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 182 (1905)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: vingerhoedpol vingers-en-tone

published_in: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1905, 182

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-multifolia

scientific: Euphorbia multifolia

authorship: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

epithet: multifolia

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

names: Klippol Ystervarkpol

authors: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

published_in: Succ. Euphorb. 1: 271, 2: App. A, 962


slug: euphorbia-myrsinites

scientific: Euphorbia myrsinites

authorship: L.

epithet: myrsinites

preferred: myrtle spurge

Endoisila myrsinites

authorship: Raf.

Euphorbia curtifolia

authorship: Chaub.

Euphorbia marschalliana

authorship: Kotschy ex Boiss.

Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. pontica

authorship: (Prokh.) R.Turner

Euphorbia pectinata

authorship: Albov

Euphorbia pontica

authorship: Prokh.

Euphorbia rechingeri

authorship: Greuter

Euphorbia rigida

authorship: Loisel.

Galarhoeus myrsinites

authorship: Haw.

Tithymalus myrsinites

authorship: (L.) Hill

Tithymalus rechingeri

authorship: (Greuter) Soják

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG ROM SIC TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2041 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
myrtle spurge
Blue Spurge

names: 地衣大戟 香桃大戟

names: Myrten-Wolfsmilch Walzen-Wolfsmilch

names:
Euphorbe myrte
euphorbe de Corse

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Formica picea
Sphaerophoria scripta
Tachina lurida
Vespula vulgaris

partners:
Hyles euphorbiae
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae


slug: euphorbia-natalensis

scientific: Euphorbia natalensis

authorship: Bernh. ex Krauss

epithet: natalensis

Euphorbia epicyparissias

authorship: Krauss ex Boiss.

name: Euphorbia epicyparissias var. wahlbergii

authorship: (Boiss.) N.E.Br.

Euphorbia involucrata var. megastegia

authorship: Boiss.

Tithymalus epicyparissias

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES MOZ TVL ZIM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 225 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай великий

names: inkalamasane inkamamasane

value: 1 m

authors: Bernh. ex Krauss

published_in: Flora 28: 86

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-neopolycnemoides

scientific: Euphorbia neopolycnemoides

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

epithet: neopolycnemoides

Chamaesyce neopolycnemoides

authorship: (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Koutnik

Euphorbia arabica var. latappendiculata

authorship: Pax

codes: BOT SWZ NAT MOZ TVL ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

authors: Pax & K.Hoffm.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45(2): 240


slug: euphorbia-neriifolia

scientific: Euphorbia neriifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: neriifolia

preferred: Indian spurgetree

Elaeophorbia neriifolia

authorship: (L.) A.Chev.

Euphorbia edulis

authorship: Lour.

Euphorbia ligularia

authorship: Roxb.

Euphorbia pentagona

authorship: Blanco

authorship: Noronha

Tithymalus edulis

authorship: (Lour.) H.Karst.

codes: IRN ASS BAN IND MYA PAK VIE

Iran

code: IRN

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Pakistan

code: PAK

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: succulent shrub or tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 88 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Indian spurgetree
hedge euphorbia

names: 金刚纂 大狼毒

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: tree

value: CAM


slug: euphorbia-nicaeensis

scientific: Euphorbia nicaeensis

authorship: All.

epithet: nicaeensis

Esula nicaeensis

authorship: (All.) Fourr.

Euphorbia amygdaloides

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia babensis

authorship: Kit.

Euphorbia bupleuroides subsp. luteola

authorship: (Kralik) Maire

Euphorbia collina

authorship: Willd. ex Ledeb.

Euphorbia dasycarpa

authorship: Coss. ex Batt.

Euphorbia demnatensis

authorship: Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.

Euphorbia luteola

authorship: Kralik

Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. demnatensis

authorship: (Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Breistr.

Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. hispanica

authorship: Degen & Hervier

Euphorbia nicaeensis var. aurasiaca

authorship: Maire

Euphorbia nicaeensis var. dasycarpa

authorship: (Coss. ex Batt.) Maire

Euphorbia nicaeensis var. demnatensis

authorship: (Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Maire

Euphorbia nicaeensis var. hebecarpa

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia nicaeensis var. hispanica

authorship: (Degen & Hervier) Cuatrec.

Euphorbia nicaeensis var. obovata

authorship: Lange

Euphorbia oleifolia

authorship: Gouan

authorship: Noë ex Nyman

Euphorbia pannonica f. kitaibelii

authorship: Soó

Euphorbia pumila

authorship: Pall. ex Ledeb.

Euphorbia segueriana var. prostrata

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia seguieriana var. nicaeensis

authorship: (All.) Fiori

Euphorbia serotina

authorship: Host

Galarhoeus nicaeensis

authorship: (All.) Haw.

Tithymalus matthiolii

authorship: Bubani

Tithymalus nicaeensis

authorship: (All.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALG MOR FRA GRC POR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 669 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nizza-Wolfsmilch
pannonische Wolfsmilch

partners:
Ceratina cyanea
Colletes similis
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus clypearis
Lasioglossum interruptum
Lasioglossum pauxillum
Lasioglossum subhirtum
Megachile giraudi

partners:
Andrena cineraria
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena marginata
Andrena nitida
Apis mellifera
Eupeodes corollae
Melanostoma mellinum
Sphaerophoria scripta

partners:
Chloromyia formosa
Macrophya montana
Oedemera podagrariae
Pararge aegeria

partners:
Dicranocephalus agilis
Dicranocephalus medius
Hyalopeziza niveocincta
Lasioglossum pallens
Liriomyza pascuum
Naeviopsis tithymalina
Oncochila simplex
Phomopsis euphorbiae

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Endophyllum euphorbiae-sylvaticae
Peronospora cyparissiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae
Uromyces pisi-sativi

value: non-woody


slug: euphorbia-niciciana

scientific: Euphorbia niciciana

authorship: Borbás

epithet: niciciana

published_in: in Term. Fuzet. xiv. (1893) 53.

Euphorbia esuloides

authorship: Velen. ex Nyman

Euphorbia gerardiana var. laconia

authorship: Heldr

Euphorbia reflexa

authorship: Formánek

Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. niciciana

authorship: (Borbás ex Novák) Rech.f.

Euphorbia seguieriana var. niciciana

authorship: (Borbás) Geltman

Tithymalus nicicianus

authorship: (Borbás) Soják

name: Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. nicicianus

authorship: (Borbás ex Novak) Chrtek & Křísa

codes: AFG IRN TUR PAK ALB BUL GRC KRI YUG ROM TUE

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Borbás

published_in: Természetrajzi Füz. 16(1-2): 53


slug: euphorbia-notoptera

scientific: Euphorbia notoptera

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: notoptera

Chamaesyce notoptera

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

India

code: IND

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 26


slug: euphorbia-nutans

scientific: Euphorbia nutans

authorship: Lag.

epithet: nutans

preferred: nodding spurge

english:
nodding spurge
eyebane

source: inat

Chamaesyce lansingii

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce nutans

authorship: (Lag.) Small

Chamaesyce preslii

authorship: (Guss.) Arthur

Euphorbia gibraltarica

authorship: Wolley-Dod

Euphorbia hypericifolia var. communis

authorship: Engelm.

Euphorbia lansingii

authorship: (Millsp.) Brühl

Euphorbia nutans var. glaberrima

authorship: Thell.

Euphorbia potosina var. lamasis

authorship: Carvajal & Lomelí

Euphorbia preslii

authorship: Guss.

Euphorbia preslii var. andicola

authorship: Danguy & Cherm.

Euphorbia refracta

authorship: Lowe

Euphorbia trinervis

authorship: Bertol.

Tithymalus nutans

authorship: (Lag.) Samp.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS BLZ BER CLM CUB DOM ELS GUA HAI HON LEE NIC PUE VEN WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1999 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Молочай поникающий
Молочай поникший

names:
Nickende Zwergwolfsmilch
Nickende Wolfsmilch

names:
Euphorbe couchée
Euphorbe couchée, Euphorbe penchée

partners:
Achalarus lycidas
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena quintilis
Anthrenus museorum
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Bicyrtes ventralis

partners:
Coccinella septempunctata
Oxybelus mexicanus
Achalarus lycidas
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena quintilis
Anthrenus museorum
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus
Anas platyrhynchos

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: euphorbia-oblongata

scientific: Euphorbia oblongata

authorship: Griseb.

epithet: oblongata

preferred: eggleaf spurge

Euphorbia erioclada

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Euphorbia oblongata subsp. sessiliflora

authorship: (Boiss.) Nyman

Euphorbia sessiliflora

authorship: Boiss. & Spruner

Tithymalus oblongatus

authorship: (Griseb.) Soják

codes: EAI TUR ALB BUL GRC KRI YUG TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1956 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
eggleaf spurge
Balkan Spurge

names: فربيون متطاول

names: Молочай продолговатый

names: חלבלוב מוארך

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bruchinae
Eristalis arbustorum
Eumerus
Eupeodes volucris
Fazia micrura
Lasius emarginatus
Megachile texana

partners:
Chrysura
Eumenes
Lasius emarginatus
Polistes dominula
Pyrobombus
Sphenella marginata

partners:
Apis mellifera
Celastrina ladon echo
Chrysura
Coccinella californica
Coccinella septempunctata
Coenonympha california
Epargyreus clarus
Eristalis arbustorum

label: Growth habit

value: hemicryptophyte

value: perennial

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

authors: Griseb.


slug: euphorbia-oblongifolia

scientific: Euphorbia oblongifolia

authorship: (K.Koch) K.Koch

epithet: oblongifolia

name: Euphorbia amygdaloides var. oblongifolia

Euphorbia cordifolia

authorship: C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia rumicifolia

authorship: Boiss.

Tithymalus oblongifolius

authorship: (K.Koch) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR UKR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 151 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай продолговатолистный

label: Woodiness

label: Life form


slug: euphorbia-ocellata

scientific: Euphorbia ocellata

authorship: Durand & Hilg.

epithet: ocellata

published_in: Pl. Heermannianae : 46 (1854)

preferred: Contura Creek sandmat

Chamaesyce arenicola

authorship: (Parish) Millsp.

Chamaesyce ocellata

authorship: (Durand & Hilg.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce ocellata subsp. arenicola

authorship: (Parish) Thorne

Chamaesyce ocellata subsp. rattanii

authorship: (S.Watson) Koutnik

Chamaesyce ocellata var. arenicola

authorship: (Parish) N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren

Chamaesyce rattanii

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia arenicola

authorship: Parish

Euphorbia ocellata subsp. arenicola

authorship: (Parish) Oudejans

Euphorbia ocellata var. arenicola

authorship: (Parish) Jeps.

Euphorbia ocellata var. sulfurea

authorship: (Millsp.) Jeps.

codes: ARI CAL IDA NEV UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 163 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

label: Life cycle

value: annual

authors: Durand & Hilg.

published_in: Pl. Heermannianae 46

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHOC

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-ocymoidea

scientific: Euphorbia ocymoidea

authorship: L.

epithet: ocymoidea

Anisophyllum ocymoideum

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Eumecanthus astroites

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Millsp.

Eumecanthus ocymoideus

authorship: (L.) Millsp.

Euphorbia astroites

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

name: Euphorbia astroites var. heterappendiculata

Euphorbia cofradiana

authorship: Brandegee

Leptopus ocymoides

authorship: (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke ex B.D.Jacks.

Leptopus ocymoideus

authorship: (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

authors: L.


slug: euphorbia-officinarum

scientific: Euphorbia officinarum

epithet: officinarum

Euphorbia beaumieriana

authorship: Hook.f. & Coss.

Euphorbia echinus var. chlorantha

authorship: Maire

Euphorbia hernandez-pachecoi

authorship: Caball.

name: Euphorbia officinarum subsp. beaumieriana

authorship: (Hook.f. & Coss.) Vindt

Euphorbia officinarum var. columnaris

authorship: Carrière

name: Euphorbia officinarum var. hernandezpachecoi

authorship: (Caball.) Oudejans

codes: ALG MTN MOR WSA

Algeria

code: ALG

Mauritania

code: MTN

region: West Tropical Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Western Sahara

code: WSA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 261 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub


slug: euphorbia-ogdenii

scientific: Euphorbia ogdenii

authorship: K.Bradley & Sadle

epithet: ogdenii

Chamaesyce porteriana var. scoparia

authorship: (Small) D.G.Burch

Chamaesyce scoparia

authorship: Small

Euphorbia porteriana var. scoparia

authorship: (Small) Oudejans

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

lifeform: annual or subshrub

authors: K.Bradley & Sadle

published_in: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 15(1): 39

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-olowaluana

scientific: Euphorbia olowaluana

authorship: Sherff

epithet: olowaluana

preferred: Akoko

english:
Akoko
alpine sandmat

Chamaesyce olowaluana

authorship: (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.

Euphorbia lorifolia var. gracilis

authorship: Rock

Euphorbia olowaluana var. gracilis

authorship: (Rock) Sherff

Euphorbia olowaluana var. lepidofolia

authorship: O.Deg. & Sherff

Hawaii

code: HAW

continent: PACIFIC

region: North-Central Pacific

lifeform: tree

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Akoko
alpine sandmat

label: Height

value: 9 m

authors: Sherff


slug: euphorbia-ophthalmica

scientific: Euphorbia ophthalmica

authorship: Pers.

epithet: ophthalmica

preferred: Florida hammock sandmat

Chamaesyce hirta subsp. procumbens

authorship: (Boiss.) Croizat

Chamaesyce hirta var. procumbens

authorship: (Boiss.) Moldenke

Chamaesyce ophthalmica

authorship: (Pers.) D.G.Burch

Chamaesyce pilulifera var. procumbens

authorship: (Boiss.) Small

Euphorbia bicapitata

authorship: Brandegee

Euphorbia hirta var. ophthalmica

authorship: (Pers.) Allem & Irgang

Euphorbia hirta var. procumbens

authorship: (Boiss.) N.E.Br.

Euphorbia pilulifera var. procumbens

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia procumbens

authorship: DC.

codes: FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BAH BOL BZS BZL CAY COS DOM HAI HON JAM LEE PAR PUE SWC TRT TCI WIN

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Paraguay

code: PAR

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: น้ำนมราชสีห์ฟลอริดา


slug: euphorbia-oranensis

scientific: Euphorbia oranensis

authorship: (Croizat) Subils

epithet: oranensis

Chamaesyce oranensis

authorship: Croizat

codes: AGW BOL PAR

authors: (Croizat) Subils

published_in: Kurtziana 10: 144


slug: euphorbia-orbiculata

scientific: Euphorbia orbiculata

authorship: Kunth

epithet: orbiculata

Anisophyllum orbiculatum

authorship: (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce orbiculata

authorship: (Kunth) Soják

Euphorbia ascendens

authorship: Willd. ex Boiss.

codes: CLM VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Venezuela

code: VEN

climate: montane tropical

authors: Kunth

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-origanoides

scientific: Euphorbia origanoides

authorship: L.

epithet: origanoides

preferred: Ascension Spurge

english:
Ascension Spurge
Ascension spurge

Ascension

code: ASC

region: Middle Atlantic Ocean

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered


slug: euphorbia-oxyphylla

scientific: Euphorbia oxyphylla

epithet: oxyphylla

Euphorbia broteri

authorship: Daveau

Tithymalus broteri

authorship: (Daveau) Soják

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: eufórbia-nordestina leitarega

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.2): 1268

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-oxystegia

scientific: Euphorbia oxystegia

epithet: oxystegia

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 27 (1860)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

value: subshrub

value: chamaephyte

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 27


slug: euphorbia-palustris

scientific: Euphorbia palustris

epithet: palustris

preferred: Marsh Spurge

english:
Marsh Spurge
marsh spurge

Euphorbia altissima var. nuda

authorship: Velen.

Euphorbia brachiata

authorship: Jan

Euphorbia palustris f. maritima

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia palustris var. angustifolia

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia sauliana

authorship: Boreau ex Boiss.

Galarhoeus palustris

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tithymalus fruticosus

authorship: Gilib.

Tithymalus palustris

authorship: (L.) Garsault

codes: ALT KAZ KRA NCS TCS TUR WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG NET RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай болотный

names:
Молочай болотний
Молочай болотяний

names: Барска млечика

partners:
Clanoptilus marginellus
Aglaostigma aucupariae
Andrena nitida
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus

partners:
Eurytoma euphorbicola
Podosphaera euphorbiae


slug: euphorbia-paralias

scientific: Euphorbia paralias

epithet: paralias

preferred: sea spurge

Esula paralias

authorship: Fourr.

Euphorbia malacitana

authorship: Pau

Galarhoeus paralias

authorship: Haw.

Tithymalus maritimus

authorship: Lam.

Tithymalus paralias

authorship: Hill

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN WSA CYP EAI LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB BAL BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRB GRC IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: فربيون متوازي

names: Молочай прибрежный

names: Молочай прибережний

names: Παράλιος Φλώμος

partners:
Ancistrocerus longispinosus
Bombylius cinerascens
Calliphoridae
Dasyphora albofasciata
Ebaeus
Entomobora fuscipennis
Eristalis tenax
Eumenes coarctatus

partners:
Andrena bicolor
Andrena chrysosceles
Andrena flavipes
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena nitida
Andrena semilaevis
Andrena subopaca
Andrena synadelpha

partners:
Mycosphaerella euphorbiae
Phomopsis euphorbiae

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Peronospora euphorbiae


slug: euphorbia-parishii

scientific: Euphorbia parishii

authorship: Greene

epithet: parishii

preferred: Parish's sandmat

Chamaesyce parishii

authorship: (Greene) Millsp.

Euphorbia polycarpa var. parishii

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

codes: CAL MXN NEV

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 264 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

authors: Greene

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 56

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHPA30

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-parryi

scientific: Euphorbia parryi

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: parryi

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 350 (1875)

preferred: Parry's sandmat

Chamaesyce flabelliformis

authorship: (Engelm.) Rydb.

Chamaesyce longeramosa

authorship: (S.Watson) Millsp.

Euphorbia flabelliformis

authorship: (Engelm.) A.Nelson

Euphorbia flagelliformis

authorship: (Engelm.) Engelm.

name: Euphorbia petaloidea var. flagelliformis

name: Euphorbia zygophylloides var. flagelliformis

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

codes: ARI CAL COL MXE NEV NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Parry spurge
Parry's Spurge

label: Visited by

partners:
Calliopsis helianthi
Perdita labergei
Perdita minima

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Amer. Naturalist ix. (1875) 350

note: common name, checklist symbol CHPA28

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-pediculifera

scientific: Euphorbia pediculifera

epithet: pediculifera

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 186. 1858 [Jul-Dec 1858]

preferred: Carrizo Mountain sandmat

Chamaesyce conjuncta

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce pediculifera

authorship: (Engelm.) Rose & Standl.

Chamaesyce saltonensis

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia pediculifera var. inornata

authorship: Brandegee

Euphorbia pediculifera var. involuta

authorship: (Millsp.) I.M.Johnst.

name: Euphorbia pediculifera var. linearifolia

name: Euphorbia pediculifera var. pediculifera

codes: ARI CAL MXN

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1082 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Eaten by

authors: Engelm. in Torr.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 186

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHPE9

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: euphorbia-pedroi

scientific: Euphorbia pedroi

authorship: Molero & Rovira

epithet: pedroi

published_in: Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 55: 198 (1997)

Portugal

code: POR

lifeform: shrub

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names: EUFÓRBIA-DE-GOMES-PEDRO EUPHORBIACEAE

value: woody

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Molero & Rovira

published_in: Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 55(1): 198

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: euphorbia-pentagona

scientific: Euphorbia pentagona

authorship: Haw.

epithet: pentagona

published_in: Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 3: 187 (1827 publ. 1828)

Euphorbia heptagona

authorship: Berg.non L.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Haw.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-peplidion

scientific: Euphorbia peplidion

epithet: peplidion

preferred: low spurge

Tithymalus peplidion

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 191

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: euphorbia-peplis

scientific: Euphorbia peplis

authorship: L.

epithet: peplis

Chamaesyce maritima

authorship: Gray

Chamaesyce peplis

authorship: (L.) Prokh.

Euphorbia dichotoma

authorship: Forssk.

Euphorbia rubescens

authorship: Link

Tithymalus auriculatus

authorship: Lam.

Tithymalus peplis

authorship: Scop.

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL SIN TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BUL COR FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POL POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 885 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: Молочай приморський

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: euphorbia-peplus

scientific: Euphorbia peplus

epithet: peplus

preferred: Petty Spurge

english:
Petty Spurge
cancer weed
milkweed
petty spurge
radium weed

Esula peploides

authorship: Fourr.

Esula peplus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Esula rotundifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Gray

Euphorbia calabrica

authorship: Huter, Porta & Rigo

Euphorbia chamaepeploides

authorship: Lotsy

Euphorbia minima

authorship: (Haw.) Mart.

Euphorbia moehringioides

authorship: Pax

Euphorbia oleracea

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia peploides

authorship: Gouan

Euphorbia peplus f. peploides

authorship: (Gouan) Knoche

Euphorbia peplus subsp. peploides

authorship: (Gouan) Ball

Euphorbia peplus var. amponitana

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia peplus var. maritima

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia peplus var. minor

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia peplus var. peploides

authorship: (Gouan) Vis.

Euphorbia peplus var. tricuspidata

authorship: Fredr.

Euphorbia pusilla

authorship: Lag.

Euphorbia pusillima

authorship: Post

Euphorbia rotundifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Loisel.

Euphorbion peplum

authorship: (L.) St.-Lag.

Galarhoeus peplus

authorship: (L.) Haw. ex Rydb.

Keraselma oleraceum

authorship: (Pers.) Raf.

Keraselma peplus

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Keraselma reniforme

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus peploides

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus peplus

authorship: (L.) Gaertn.

authorship: (L.) Hill

Tithymalus peplus subsp. calabricus

authorship: (Huter.Porta & Rigo ex Huter) Soják

Tithymalus peplus subsp. maritimus

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

Tithymalus peplus subsp. peploides

authorship: (Gouan) Soják

codes: ALG EGY ERI LBY MOR SOM SUD TUN EAI GST IRN IRQ LBS NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TCS TUR YEM PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL COR CZE RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ICE ITA KRI YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tunisia

code: TUN

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Oman

code: OMA

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
فربيون ببلوس
فربيون موشح

names:
Молочай огородный
Молочай бутерлак

names:
Молочай городній
Молочай щебрикоподібний

names:
חלבלוב מצוי
חלבלוב שרוע

names:
Γαλατσίδα
Ευφόρβια η πεπλίς

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Bombylius major
Toxomerus marginatus
Toxomerus occidentalis
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena vulva
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera

partners:
Harmonia axyridis
Melampsora euphorbiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae

partners:
Hyles euphorbiae
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Aleyrodes proletella

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Asaphes hirsutus
Encarsia formosa
Encarsia pergandiella
Eretmocerus warrae
Peronospora euphorbiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: euphorbia-perennans

scientific: Euphorbia perennans

authorship: (Shinners) Warnock & M.C.Johnst.

epithet: perennans

preferred: perennial sandmat

Chamaesyce perennans

authorship: Shinners

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Terlingua spurge
perennial sandmat

authors: (Shinners) Warnock & M.C.Johnst.

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 5: 170

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHPE10


slug: euphorbia-pergamena

scientific: Euphorbia pergamena

authorship: Small

epithet: pergamena

Chamaesyce adenoptera subsp. pergamena

authorship: (Small) D.G.Burch

Chamaesyce gymnadenia

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce pergemena

authorship: (Small) Small

Euphorbia adenoptera subsp. pergamena

authorship: (Small) Oudejans

Euphorbia gymnadenia

authorship: Urb.

codes: FLA CUB DOM PUE

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 131 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Rocklands Spurge
Southern Florida sandmat

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Small

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(12): 615

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-peritropoides

scientific: Euphorbia peritropoides

authorship: (Millsp.) V.W.Steinm.

epithet: peritropoides

Tithymalus koilopremnos

authorship: Croizat

Tithymalus peritropoides

authorship: (Millsp.) Croizat

codes: MXG MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: (Millsp.) V.W.Steinm.

published_in: Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-petrophila

scientific: Euphorbia petrophila

epithet: petrophila

published_in: Beitr. Fl. Russl. : 9 (1850)

Euphorbia colchica

authorship: (Litv.) Geltman

Euphorbia cretophila

authorship: Klokov

Euphorbia petrophila var. colchica

authorship: Litv.

Galarhoeus petrophilus

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Prokh.

Tithymalus petrophilus

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Soják

codes: EAI LBS NCS TCS TUR KRY UKR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 683 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай камнелюбивый

names: Молочай скельний

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun

published_in: Mem. Sc. Petersb. Ser. VI. Sc. Nat. vii. (1855) 9

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form


slug: euphorbia-phylloclada

scientific: Euphorbia phylloclada

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: phylloclada

Euphorbia hereroensis

authorship: Pax

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 179 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: geophyte

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 66

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-pilosa

scientific: Euphorbia pilosa

authorship: L.

epithet: pilosa

Euphorbia lutescens

authorship: Ledeb.

Euphorbia pilosa subsp. ojensis

authorship: Stepanov

Euphorbia pilosa var. trichocarpa

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Galarhoeus pilosus

authorship: Haw.

Tithymalus hirsutus

authorship: Lam.

Tithymalus lutescens

authorship: (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus pilosus

authorship: Hill

codes: ALT IRK KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 887 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: 1 m


slug: euphorbia-pinetorum

scientific: Euphorbia pinetorum

authorship: (Small) G.L.Webster

epithet: pinetorum

preferred: pineland spurge

Poinsettia pinetorum

authorship: Small

codes: FLA CUB

Florida

code: FLA

Cuba

code: CUB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

authors: (Small) G.L.Webster

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 48(4): 403, adnot

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol EUPI5


slug: euphorbia-piscatoria

scientific: Euphorbia piscatoria

authorship: Aiton

epithet: piscatoria

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 550 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Figueira-do-Inferno
Figuera do inferno

authors: Aiton

published_in: Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 2: 137


slug: euphorbia-pithyusa

scientific: Euphorbia pithyusa

epithet: pithyusa

Esula pithyusa

authorship: Fourr.

Euphorbia avenia

authorship: Thibaut ex Pers.

Euphorbia balearica

authorship: Poir. ex Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia bianorii var. ramosa

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia biumbellata

authorship: Un.Itin. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia bonifaciensis

authorship: Req. ex Gren. & Godr.

Euphorbia cupanii

authorship: Schultz ex Gren. & Godr.

authorship: Guss.

authorship: Guss. ex Bertol.

Euphorbia cupanii var. spartioides

authorship: (Jacq.) Boiss.

Euphorbia imbricata f. angustifolia

authorship: Willk.

Euphorbia lugubris

authorship: Chabert

Euphorbia mucronata

authorship: Lapeyr.

Euphorbia nummulariifolia

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia pithyusa var. bonifaciensis

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia pithyusa var. cupanii

authorship: (Guss. ex Bertol.) Fiori

Euphorbia pithyusa var. dianthifolia

authorship: (Lojac.) Oudejans

Euphorbia pithyusa var. procera

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Euphorbia pulchella

authorship: Brouss. ex DC.

authorship: Lag. & Rodr.

Euphorbia requienii

authorship: Lojac.

Euphorbia spartioides

authorship: Jacq.

Pythius fuscata

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus cupanii

authorship: (Guss. ex Bertol.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus pithyusa

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

authorship: Scop.

Tithymalus pithyusa subsp. cupanii

authorship: (Guss. ex Bertol.) Soják

codes: ALG LBY MOR BAL COR FRA ITA SAR SIC

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 356 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Euphorbe des Baléares, Euphorbe sapinette

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bruchidius
Clinocera
Coccinella septempunctata
Dicranocephalus agilis
Exorista decidua
Hydrotaea capensis
Monostegia abdominalis
Musca autumnalis

partners:
Bruchidius
Clinocera
Coccinella septempunctata
Dicranocephalus agilis
Exorista decidua
Hydrotaea capensis
Leucospis gigas
Monostegia abdominalis


slug: euphorbia-plagiantha

scientific: Euphorbia plagiantha

authorship: Drake

epithet: plagiantha

published_in: Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9: 44 (1903)

Euphorbia fiha

authorship: Decary

Tirucalia plagiantha

authorship: (Drake) P.V.Heath

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: semisucculent tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: tree

label: Succulence

value: succulent

value: phanerophyte

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

value: CAM

authors: Drake

published_in: Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1903, 44


slug: euphorbia-platyphyllos

scientific: Euphorbia platyphyllos

authorship: L.

epithet: platyphyllos

preferred: Broad-leaved spurge

english:
Broad-leaved spurge
broadleaf spurge

Euphorbia coderiana

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia dubia

authorship: Dierb.

Euphorbia flavopurpurea

authorship: Willk.

Euphorbia foetida

authorship: Schult. ex Rchb.

authorship: Kit.

Euphorbia lanuginosa

authorship: Thuill.

name: Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. flavopurpurea

authorship: (Willk.) Nyman

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. bilbilitana

authorship: Pau

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. firmula

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. literata

authorship: (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. megalocarpa

authorship: Gaudin

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. pubescens

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. subciliata

authorship: (Pers.) Nyman

authorship: (Pers.) Wimm. & Grab.

Euphorbia ruderalis

authorship: Dumort.

Euphorbia stricta var. dubia

authorship: (Dierb.) Nyman

Euphorbia subciliata

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia verrucosa var. lanuginosa

authorship: Mérat

Galarhoeus literatus

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

Galarhoeus platyphyllus

authorship: Haw.

Tithymalus literatus

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

Tithymalus platyphyllos

authorship: (L.) Raf.

authorship: Hill

name: Tithymalus platyphyllos subsp. literatus

authorship: (Jacq.) Chrtek & Křísa

codes: ALG AZO CNY ETH MDR EAI TUR ALB AUT BLT BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POL ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Ethiopia

code: ETH

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 535 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай плосколистный

names:
Breitblättrige Wolfsmilch
Breitblaettrige Wolfsmilch

names:
euphorbe à larges feuilles
Euphorbe a larges feuilles

names: Молочай плосколистий

names:
Fflamgoed Lydanddail
Llaethlys Llydanddail

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus
Anas platyrhynchos

partners:
Peronospora euphorbiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-polycarpa

scientific: Euphorbia polycarpa

authorship: Benth.

epithet: polycarpa

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 50 (1844)

preferred: smallseed sandmat

Chamaesyce carmenensis

authorship: (Rose) Millsp.

Chamaesyce intermixta

authorship: (S.Watson) Millsp.

Chamaesyce polycarpa

authorship: (Benth.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce polycarpa var. hirtella

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp. ex Parish

Chamaesyce tonsita

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia carmenensis

authorship: Rose

Euphorbia polycarpa var. carmenensis

authorship: (Rose) L.C.Wheeler

Euphorbia polycarpa var. hirtella

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia polycarpa var. intermixta

authorship: (S.Watson) L.C.Wheeler

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай многоплодный

partners:
Apis mellifera
Aulicus edwardsi
Calliopsis
Ceratina arizonensis
Chrysura
Coccinella septempunctata
Dasymutilla gloriosa
Dorymyrmex bicolor

partners:
Callipepla gambelii
Hemiargus ceraunus
Schizotetranychus eremophilus

label: Growth habit

value: non-woody

value: hemicryptophyte

value: perennial

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 50

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHPO12


slug: euphorbia-polygona

scientific: Euphorbia polygona

epithet: polygona

preferred: baboon's noors

Euphorbia anoplia

authorship: Stapf

Euphorbia cucumerina

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia horrida var. major

authorship: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Euphorbia polygona var. anoplia

authorship: (Stapf) D.H.Schnabel

Euphorbia polygona var. horrida

authorship: (Boiss.) D.H.Schnabel

Euphorbia polygona var. major

authorship: (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) D.H.Schnabel

Euphorbia polygonata

authorship: Lodd.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 191 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
baboon's noors
Gnap Barrelwort

names: 多棱柱 宝轮玉

names: baviaansnoors bobbejaannoors

value: shrub

label: Woodiness

published_in: Misc. Nat. 184


slug: euphorbia-polygonifolia

scientific: Euphorbia polygonifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: polygonifolia

preferred: Seaside spurge

english:
Seaside spurge
seaside sandmat

Anisophyllum polygonifolium

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Chamaesyce polygonifolia

authorship: (L.) Small

Euphorbia maritima

authorship: Nutt.

Xamesike polygonifolia

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI MAI MRY MAS MIC NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI RHO SCA VRG WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1252 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Seaside spurge
Seaside Sandmat

names:
Euphorbe à feuilles de renouée
Euphorbia à feuilles de renouée

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-polyphylla

scientific: Euphorbia polyphylla

authorship: Engelm. ex Holz.

epithet: polyphylla

preferred: Lesser Florida spurge

Agaloma polyphylla

authorship: (Engelm. ex Holz.) Nieuwl.

Tithymalopsis polyphylla

authorship: (Engelm. ex Holz.) Small

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 390 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Parasites

partners:
Spalangia cameroni
Spalangia endius
Spalangia nigra
Spalangia nigroaenea

label: Life form

authors: Engelm. ex Holz.


slug: euphorbia-pondii

scientific: Euphorbia pondii

authorship: Millsp.

epithet: pondii

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 12 (1890)

Chamaesyce pondii

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

codes: MXI MXN

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

label: Life cycle

value: annual

authors: Millsp.

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 12


slug: euphorbia-porteriana

scientific: Euphorbia porteriana

authorship: (Small) Oudejans

epithet: porteriana

preferred: Porter's sandmat

Chamaesyce porteriana

authorship: Small

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Porter's Spurge
Porter's sandmat

value: subshrub

value: chamaephyte

authors: (Small) Oudejans

published_in: Phytologia 67: 48

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHPO7

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-portlandica

scientific: Euphorbia portlandica

epithet: portlandica

Euphorbia fallax

authorship: Deysson

Euphorbia imbricata

authorship: Vahl

Euphorbia pinea subsp. portlandica

authorship: (L.) Bonnier & Layens

Euphorbia purpurascens

authorship: Schousb.

Euphorbia segetalis prol. portlandica

authorship: (L.) Rouy

Euphorbia segetalis subsp. portlandica

authorship: (L.) Litard.

Euphorbia segetalis var. litoralis

authorship: Lange

Euphorbia segetalis var. portlandica

authorship: (L.) Fiori

Galarhoeus imbricatus

authorship: (Vahl) Haw.

Tithymalus declinatus

authorship: Moench

Tithymalus imbricatus

authorship: (Vahl) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus portlandicus

authorship: (L.) Hill

codes: BAL FRA GRB IRE POR SPA

Baleares

code: BAL

France

code: FRA

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Ireland

code: IRE

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 720 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Euphorbe de Portland
Euphorbe des estuaires

names:
llaethlys Portland
Fflamgoed y Morgreigiau

value: woody

authors: L.


slug: euphorbia-portulacoides

scientific: Euphorbia portulacoides

authorship: L.

epithet: portulacoides

Euphorbia atrosanguinea

authorship: Poepp. ex Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia bridgesii

authorship: Bert. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia chilensis

authorship: Gay

Euphorbia conceptionis

authorship: Rupr. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia littorea

authorship: Miq. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia portulacoides subsp. normalis

authorship: Croizat

Euphorbia portulacoides var. acutifolia

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia portulacoides var. glabra

authorship: Phil.

Euphorbia portulacoides var. normalis

authorship: Kuntze

name: Euphorbia portulacoides var. obtusifolia

name: Euphorbia portulacoides var. porphyrantha

name: Euphorbia portulacoides var. portulacoides

Tithymalus atrosanguineus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus chilensis

authorship: (Gay) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus portulacoides

authorship: (L.) Standl.

Vallaris portulacoides

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: AGE AGW AGS BOL CLC CLN CLS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

Chile South

code: CLS

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 282 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Scaeva melanostoma
Saxifraga
Scaeva melanostom
Syrphidae
Tabanidae
Tachinidae
Unidentified sp12 M_PL_002
Unidentified sp16 M_PL_001

partners:
Diptera
Scaeva melanostoma
Syrphidae
Tabanidae
Tachinidae
Vespidae


slug: euphorbia-potentilloides

scientific: Euphorbia potentilloides

epithet: potentilloides

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 3 (1860)

Chamaesyce caecorum

authorship: (Mart. ex Boiss.) Croizat

Chamaesyce potentilloides

authorship: (Boiss.) Croizat

Euphorbia albiflora

authorship: Taub.

Euphorbia caecorum

authorship: Mart. ex Boiss.

codes: AGE BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 3


slug: euphorbia-procumbens

scientific: Euphorbia procumbens

authorship: Mill.

epithet: procumbens

Medusea procumbens

authorship: (Mill.) Haw.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 幡龙 金轮祭

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 12

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-prostrata

scientific: Euphorbia prostrata

authorship: Aiton

epithet: prostrata

preferred: prostrate sandmat

Anisophyllum prostratum

authorship: (Aiton) Haw.

Aplarina prostrata

authorship: Raf.

Chamaesyce malaca

authorship: Small

Chamaesyce prostrata

authorship: (Aiton) Small

Chamaesyce villosior

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia callitrichoides

authorship: Kunth

Euphorbia malaca

authorship: (Small) Little

Euphorbia perforata

authorship: Guss.

Euphorbia prostrata var. caudirhiza

authorship: Fosberg

Euphorbia prostrata var. vestita

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia ramosa var. villosior

authorship: Greenm.

Euphorbia trichogona

authorship: Bertol.

Tithymalus prostratus

authorship: (Ait.) Samp.

codes: ALA ARI ARK COL FLA GEO KAN LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO NEB NWM NCA OKL SCA SDA TEX AGE AGW BAH BLZ BER BOL BZE BZS BZL CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PER PUE SUR TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1945 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hingestreckte Zwergwolfsmilch
Hingestreckte Wolfsmilch

partners:
Ichneumonidae
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: euphorbia-pseudocactus

scientific: Euphorbia pseudocactus

epithet: pseudocactus

published_in: Sukkul. Euphorb. : 78 (1907 publ. 1906)

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

names:
Candelabra Spurge
Natal Noors

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Height

published_in: Sukk. Euphorb. 78 (1907)

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-pseudoglobosa

scientific: Euphorbia pseudoglobosa

authorship: Marloth

epithet: pseudoglobosa

Euphorbia juglans

authorship: Compton

Euphorbia latimammillaris

authorship: Croizat

name: Euphorbia pseudoglobosa var. dysselsdorpensis

authorship: D.H.Schnabel, van Veldh. & Marx

Euphorbia pseudoglobosa var. juglans

authorship: (Compton) D.H.Schnabel, van Veldh. & Marx

name: Euphorbia pseudoglobosa var. oshoekensis

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 125 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: GIFT

authors: Marloth

published_in: S. African Gard. 19: 191

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-pterococca

scientific: Euphorbia pterococca

authorship: Brot.

epithet: pterococca

Euphorbia bialata

authorship: Link

Euphorbia pterococca var. pilosa

authorship: Lazare & Charpin

Euphorbia stellulata

authorship: Salzm.

Tithymalus pterococcus

authorship: (Brot.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALG CNY LBY MDR MOR TUN TUR BAL COR GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 95 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

label: Flower colour

value: yellow

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-pteroneura

scientific: Euphorbia pteroneura

epithet: pteroneura

published_in: Sukkul. Euphorb. : 29 (1907 publ. 1906)

Euphorbia floresii

authorship: Standl.

name: Euphorbia pteroneura var. macdougalliana

codes: MXG MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

value: herb

published_in: Sukkul. Euphorb. 29

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: euphorbia-pubentissima

scientific: Euphorbia pubentissima

authorship: Michx.

epithet: pubentissima

preferred: false flowering spurge

Agaloma apocynifolia

authorship: (Small) Nieuwl.

Agaloma paniculata

authorship: (Boiss.) Nieuwl.

Agaloma pubentissima

authorship: (Michx.) D.B.Ward

Euphorbia apocynifolia

authorship: Small

Euphorbia corollata var. apocynifolia

authorship: (Small) Millsp.

Euphorbia corollata var. mollis

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia corollata var. paniculata

authorship: (Elliott) Boiss.

Euphorbia corollata var. zinniiflora

authorship: (Small) H.E.Ahles

Euphorbia paniculata

authorship: Elliott

Euphorbia pubentissima var. glabrata

authorship: Boiss.

Tithymalopsis apocynifolia

authorship: (Small) Small

Tithymalus paniculatus

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NCA SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 467 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
false flowering spurge
southeastern flowering spurge


slug: euphorbia-pulcherrima

scientific: Euphorbia pulcherrima

authorship: Willd. ex Klotzsch

epithet: pulcherrima

published_in: Allg. Gartenzeitung (Otto & Dietrich) 2: 27. 1834

preferred: Poinsettia

english: Poinsettia poinsettia

Euphorbia diversifolia

authorship: Willd. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia erythrophylla

authorship: Bertol.

Euphorbia fastuosa

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Euphorbia lutea

authorship: Alamán ex Boiss.

Euphorbia poinsettiana

authorship: Buist ex Giah.

authorship: Buist ex Graham

Poinsettia ignescens

authorship: Van Geert

Poinsettia pulcherrima

authorship: (Willd. ex Klotzsch) Graham

Poinsettia pulcherrima var. albida

authorship: Maund

Poinsettia pulcherrima var. plena

authorship: Hovey

name: Poinsettia pulcherrima var. rosea-carminata

authorship: Dombrain

name: Poinsettia pulcherrima var. roseocarminata

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1515 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Beta-sitosterol-d-glucoside

activities: Antispasmodic Antitumor CNS-Depressant CNS-Stimulant Convulsant Hypoglycemic

Alpha-amyrin

activities: Analgesic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antitumor Antiulcer Cytotoxic Gastroprotective

Beta-amyrin

activities: Analgesic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiulcer Gastroprotective Hepatoprotective Larvicide

Cycloartenol

activities: Antibacterial Antiinflammatory Antirheumatic Antistaphylococcic Hypocholesterolemic Pesticide Ubiquiot

activities: Antifeedant Molluscicide Pesticide

activities: Antibacterial Pesticide

Campesterol

activities: Antioxidant Hypocholesterolemic

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: poinsettia Christmas-flower

names:
Estrella Federal
Flor de Pascua

names: 一品红 猩猩木

names: bico-de-papagaio flor-de-papagaio

names: Молочай красивейший

names: ショウジョウボク ポインセチア

names: Poinsettia, Fleur Pentecôte, Le Madagascar, Manioc fleur

names:
Gwiazda betlejemska
Poinsecja nadobna

names:
Pryšec nádherný
vánoční hvězda

partners:
Chionomesa lactea
Florisuga fusca

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Tetragonisca angustula
Trigona spinipes
Achlyodes pallida
Apis mellifera
Ascia monuste
Augochlora aurifera
Augochlora cordiaefloris
Augochlora quiriguensis

partners:
Cerceris concinna
Eupeodes americanus
Philanthus triangulum abdelcader
Polistes dominula
Polybia occidentalis
Tetragona perangulata

partners:
Bemisia tabaci
Sophonia orientalis
Alcides metaurus
Apis mellifera
Archonias nimbice
Coccus hesperidum
Cressida cressida
Danaus genutia

label: Pathogens

partners:
Erysiphe euphorbiicola
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Alternaria arachidis
Amphobotrys ricini
Berkeleyomyces basicola
Blumeria graminis
Botryodiplodia
Botryosphaeria cocogena

published_in: Allg. Gartenzeitung (Otto & Dietrich) 2(4): 27


slug: euphorbia-pulvinata

scientific: Euphorbia pulvinata

authorship: Marloth

epithet: pulvinata

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 315 (1910)

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 313 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mother-In-Law's Cushion
Pincushion Barrelwort

names: 笹蟹球 红麒麟

names: eufórbia eufórbia-almofada-de-alfinetes

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 315


slug: euphorbia-pumicicola

scientific: Euphorbia pumicicola

authorship: Huft

epithet: pumicicola

authors: Huft

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71: 1022


slug: euphorbia-punctulata

scientific: Euphorbia punctulata

authorship: Andersson

epithet: punctulata

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1853: 235 (1855)

Chamaesyce punctulata

authorship: (Andersson) D.G.Burch

Euphorbia anderssonii

authorship: Millsp.

Galápagos

code: GAL

authors: Andersson

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1853 (1855) 235


slug: euphorbia-purpurea

scientific: Euphorbia purpurea

authorship: (Raf.) Fernald

epithet: purpurea

preferred: Darlington's glade spurge

Agaloma purpurea

authorship: Raf.

Euphorbia darlingtonii var. glabra

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia discolor

authorship: Shuttlew. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia nemoralis

authorship: Darl.

Euphorbia pilosa

authorship: Pursh

Galarhoeus darlingtonii

authorship: (A.Gray) Small

codes: DEL MRY NWJ NCA OHI PEN VRG WVA

Delaware

code: DEL

Maryland

code: MRY

New Jersey

code: NWJ

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Darlington's glade spurge
Darlington's spurge

partners:
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Philaenus spumarius

authors: Fernald

published_in: Rhodora 34: 25

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-pycnostegia

scientific: Euphorbia pycnostegia

epithet: pycnostegia

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 9 (1860)

Chamaesyce pycnostegia

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 9

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-quadrata

scientific: Euphorbia quadrata

authorship: Nel

epithet: quadrata

published_in: Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 42 (1935)

lifeform: semisucculent tuberous subshrub

value: 1 m

authors: Nel

published_in: Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. i. 42 (1935)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: euphorbia-racemosa

scientific: Euphorbia racemosa

epithet: racemosa

Euphorbia pseudobrachiata

authorship: Dinter

Euphorbia tenuicaulis

authorship: Range

Tirucalia cibdela

authorship: (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath

codes: BOT CPP OFS NAT NAM TVL

Botswana

code: BOT

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: E.Mey. ex Boiss.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-radians

scientific: Euphorbia radians

authorship: Benth.

epithet: radians

preferred: sun spurge

Euphorbia stormiae

authorship: Croizat

Poinsettia radians

authorship: (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 587 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 太阳大戟 太陽大戟

value: geophyte

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 8


slug: euphorbia-radyeri

scientific: Euphorbia radyeri

authorship: Bruyns

epithet: radyeri

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Blue Noors
Noors Noors

names: Egtenoors soetnoors

authors: Bruyns

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: euphorbia-rayturneri

scientific: Euphorbia rayturneri

authorship: V.W.Steinm. & Jercinovic

epithet: rayturneri

New Mexico

code: NWM

authors: V.W.Steinm. & Jercinovic

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-regis-jubae

scientific: Euphorbia regis-jubae

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

epithet: regis-jubae

published_in: Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 3): 250 (1847)

Euphorbia capazii

authorship: Caball.

Euphorbia lamarckii f. latibracteata

authorship: (G.Kunkel) Oudejans

Euphorbia lamarckii subsp. regisjubae

authorship: (J.Gay) Oudejans

name: Euphorbia lamarckii var. pseudodendroides

authorship: (H.Lindb.) Oudejans

Euphorbia mauritanica

authorship: Webb

authorship: Webb ex J.Gay

name: Euphorbia obtusifolia subsp. regis-jubae

authorship: (J.Gay) Maire

name: Euphorbia obtusifolia var. pseudodendroides

authorship: (H.Lindb.) Maire

Euphorbia virgata subsp. regis-jubae

authorship: (Webb & Berthel.) Soldano

Tithymalus regis-jubae

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: CNY MOR WSA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Western Sahara

code: WSA

names:
milky spurge
milky tree spurge

names: Молочай царя Юбы

partners:
Ancistrocerus haematodes
Ancistrocerus kerneri
Andrena vachali
Andrena vulcana
Anthophora alluaudi
Brachypterona viridissima
Bunochelis spinifera
Camponotus feae

partners:
Asianidia perspicillata
Camponotus feae
Hyles tithymali
Ischiodon aegyptius
Muhabbetana jubae
Vanessa cardui

value: succulent

value: green

value: Feb-Jul

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

authors: Webb & Berthel.

published_in: Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.). iii. 250

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-resinifera

scientific: Euphorbia resinifera

epithet: resinifera

published_in: Offiz. Gew. 4: 34d verso. (1863)

preferred: resin spurge

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
resin spurge
African spurge

names: 大戟脂 白角麒麟

names: Молочай смолоносный

published_in: Darstell. Beschr. Off. Gew. 4(34): t. 34d, verso


slug: euphorbia-retusa

scientific: Euphorbia retusa

authorship: Forssk.

epithet: retusa

Esula retusa

authorship: Fourr.

Euphorbia cornuta

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia kahirensis

authorship: Rausch.

Euphorbia linearis

authorship: Schrank

Tithymalus cornutus

authorship: (Pers.) Schweinf. ex Asch.

Tithymalus cristatus

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALG EGY LBY MTN MOR TUN WSA GST IRQ KUW PAL SAU SIN

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Mauritania

code: MTN

region: West Tropical Africa

Tunisia

code: TUN

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iraq

code: IRQ

region: Western Asia

Kuwait

code: KUW

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: hemicryptophyte

value: Feb-Apr

authors: Forssk.

published_in: Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 93

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-revoluta

scientific: Euphorbia revoluta

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: revoluta

preferred: threadstem sandmat

source: usda

Chamaesyce revoluta

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

codes: ARI CAL COL MXE MXN NEV NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 226 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
revolute spurge
threadstem sandmat

value: annual

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 186

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHRE4


slug: euphorbia-rigida

scientific: Euphorbia rigida

epithet: rigida

preferred: upright myrtle spurge

Euphorbia biglandulosa

authorship: Desf.

Euphorbia biglandulosa var. mauretanica

authorship: Maire

Euphorbia rigida var. mauretanica

authorship: (Maire) Oudejans

Galarhoeus rigidus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Haw.

Tithymalus biglandulosus

authorship: (Desf.) Haw.

Tithymalus rigidus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Soják

codes: ALG MOR EAI IRN LBS NCS TUR ALB GRC KRI KRY YUG ROM SIC TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 596 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-roemeriana

scientific: Euphorbia roemeriana

authorship: Scheele

epithet: roemeriana

preferred: Roemer's spurge

Tithymalus roemerianus

authorship: (Scheele) Small

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 354 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: Scheele

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).