slug: aidia-canthioides

scientific: Aidia canthioides

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Masam.

genus: Aidia

epithet: canthioides

family: Rubiaceae

published_in: Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa  28: 118 (1938)

Aidia canthioides var. lanceolata

authorship: Masam.

Benkara canthioides

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Ridsdale

Fagerlindia canthioides

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Tirveng. ex Ridsdale

Randia canthioides

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

Randia canthioides var. macrophylla

authorship: Pit.

codes: CHC CHS CHH NNS TAI VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 香楠 台北茜草树

authors: (Champ. ex Benth.) Masam.

published_in: Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 28: 118


slug: aidia-cochinchinensis

scientific: Aidia cochinchinensis

authorship: Lour.

epithet: cochinchinensis

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Aidia oxyodonta var. microdonta

authorship: (Pit.) P.H.Hô

Fagraea cochinchinensis

authorship: (Lour.) A.Chev.

Randia cochinchinensis

authorship: (Lour.) Merr.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHC CHH MYA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Myanmar

code: MYA

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1035 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: 茜树 茜草树

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

label: Life form

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Lour.

published_in: Fl. Cochinch. 1: 143

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: aidia-racemosa

scientific: Aidia racemosa

authorship: (Cav.) Tirveng.

epithet: racemosa

preferred: archer cherry

english:
archer cherry
wild randa
yellow gardenia
racemose aidia

source: wikidata

Aidia graeffei

authorship: (Reinecke) Tirveng.

Aidia spicata

authorship: (Valeton) Tirveng.

Aidia thozetiana

authorship: (F.Muell.) Tirveng.

Gynopachis axilliflora

authorship: Miq.

Randia gaudichaudii

authorship: Valeton

Randia graeffei

authorship: Reinecke

Randia suishaensis

authorship: Hayata

Stylocoryna racemosa

authorship: Cav.

Webera racemosa

authorship: (Cav.) Boerl.

codes: CHH TAI BOR XMS JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG NCB PHI SOL SUL THA VIE NTA QLD WAU CRL GIL MRN MRS NRU SAM TON VAN WAL

Taiwan

region: Eastern Asia

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Christmas I.

code: XMS

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Thailand

code: THA

Northern Territory

code: NTA

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

Gilbert Is.

code: GIL

region: Southwestern Pacific

Marianas

code: MRN

Marshall Is.

code: MRS

Nauru

code: NRU

Samoa

code: SAM

Tonga

code: TON

Vanuatu

code: VAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ailanthus-altissima

scientific: Ailanthus altissima

authorship: (Mill.) Swingle

genus: Ailanthus

epithet: altissima

family: Simaroubaceae

published_in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 1916, vi. 495

preferred: tree-of-heaven

english:
tree-of-heaven
Tree of Heaven
Tree-of-heaven
tree of heaven

source: inat

Ailanthus altissima f. erythrocarpa

authorship: (Carrière) Rehder

Ailanthus altissima f. pendulifolia

authorship: (Dippel) Rehder

Ailanthus altissima f. rubrus

authorship: (H.Jaeger) Geerinck

Ailanthus altissima var. leucoxylus

authorship: B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao

Ailanthus cacodendron

authorship: (Ehrh.) Schinz & Thell.

name: Ailanthus cacodendron var. sutchuenensis

authorship: (Dode) Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Ailanthus erythrocarpus

authorship: Carrière

Ailanthus giraldii

authorship: Dode

Ailanthus glandulosa f. erythocarpa

authorship: (Carrière) C.K.Schneid.

Ailanthus glandulosa f. pendulifolia

authorship: Dippel

Ailanthus glandulosa f. rubra

authorship: (H.Jaeger) Dippel

name: Ailanthus glandulosa unranked foliis-variegatis

authorship: Oudem.

Ailanthus glandulosa var. erythrocarpa

authorship: (Carrière) Mouill.

Ailanthus glandulosa var. pendulifolia

authorship: (Dippel) Carrière ex Rehder

Ailanthus glandulosa var. spinosa

authorship: M.Vilm. & Bois

Ailanthus glandulosa var. sutchuenensis

authorship: (Dode) Rehder

Ailanthus glandulosus

authorship: Desf.

Ailanthus procerus

authorship: Salisb.

Ailanthus vilmoriniana var. henanensis

authorship: Jian Y.Chen & L.Y.Jin

Pongelion cacodendron

authorship: (Ehrh.) Farw.

Pongelion glandulosum

authorship: (Desf.) Pierre

Pongelion vilmorinianum

authorship: (Dode) Tiegh.

Rhus cacodendron

authorship: Ehrh.

Toxicodendron altissimum

authorship: Mill.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI CHM TAI CHT CHX

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Manchuria

code: CHM

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Xinjiang

code: CHX

lifeform: tree

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1968 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Gallic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Analgesic AntiHIV AntiMRSA Antiadenovirus Antiallergenic Antianaphylactic Antiangiogenic

Scopoletin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiadrenergic Antiaflatoxin Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic

Fisetin

activities: 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ACE-Inhibitor Allergenic Antihistaminic Antimutagenic Antioxidant Antiviral Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor

Ailanthinone

activities: Amebicide Antigiardial Antileukemic Antimalarial Antiplasmodial Antitrypanosomic Pesticide Protisticide

Ailanthone

activities: Amebicide Antibacterial Antifeedant Antimalarial Antiplasmodial Antitubercular Mycobactericide Pesticide

activities: Antibacterial Antileukemic Antimycotic Antiseptic Cytotoxic Fungicide Pesticide cAMP-Inhibitor

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
tree of heaven
Tree-of-heaven

names: Ailanto ailant

names: 凤眼草 臭椿

names:
أيلنط باسق
سماق صيني

names: Árvore-do-céu Ailanto

names: Айлант высочайший

names: ニワウルシ シンジュ

names:
Götterbaum
Drüsiger Götterbaum

names:
Ailante glanduleux
Ailante

names:
Ailanto
Albero del Paradiso

names:
Cennet ağacı
Kokarağaç

names: 가죽나무 가중나무

names:
Bożodrzew gruczołkowaty
Bożodrzew gruczołowaty

names:
Айлант високий
Айлант найвищий

names:
Cenuser
Fals otetar

names:
אילנתה בלוטית
Ilanta balutit

names: ailanthos vromodentro

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Agrilus
Anthomyiidae
Bombus
Calliphoridae
Camponotus
Chauliognathus marginatus
Coccinellidae
Crematogaster

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Syrphidae
Agrilus
Bombus
Camponotus
Chauliognathus marginatus
Coccinellidae
Crematogaster
Dolichopodidae

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Acanthoscelidius acephalus
Acericerus vittifrons
Argochrysis
Arilus cristatus
Atteva punctella
Beosus maritimus
Cteniopus sulphureus
Fieberiella

partners:
Samia cynthia
Hespericerus brusinae
Hyphantria cunea
Lycorma delicatula
Metcalfa pruinosa
Sophonia orientalis
Acanthis flammea
Aegosoma scabricorne

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: ailanthus-fordii

scientific: Ailanthus fordii

authorship: Noot.

epithet: fordii

codes: CHC CHS

names: 常绿臭椿 常綠臭椿

authors: Noot.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ainsliaea-acerifolia

scientific: Ainsliaea acerifolia

genus: Ainsliaea

epithet: acerifolia

family: Asteraceae

preferred: maple-leaf ainsliaea

Ainsliaea acerifolia var. affinis

authorship: (Miq.) Kitam.

Ainsliaea affinis

authorship: Miq.

codes: JAP KOR CHM

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: momiji-haguma オクモミジハグマ

names: 단풍취 가야단풍취

partners:
Bombus
Bombus diversus diversus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

value: herb

value: non-woody

published_in: Syst. Verz. [Zollinger] 2: 126

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ainsliaea-fragrans

scientific: Ainsliaea fragrans

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

epithet: fragrans

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 236 (1852)

Ainsliaea asarifolia

authorship: Hayata

Ainsliaea cordifolia var. integrifolia

authorship: Maxim.

Ainsliaea integrifolia

authorship: Makino

Ainsliaea ningpoensis

authorship: Matsuda

codes: CHC CHS JAP TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 79 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 兔耳风 杏香兔耳风

authors: Champ. ex Benth.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 236

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ainsliaea-henryi

scientific: Ainsliaea henryi

authorship: Diels

epithet: henryi

Ainsliaea latifolia subsp. henryi

authorship: (Diels) H.Koyama

Ainsliaea latifolia var. nimborum

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Kitam.

Ainsliaea reflexa f. morrisonicola

authorship: (Hayata) Suzuki

Ainsliaea reflexa var. lobbiana

authorship: Beauverd

Ainsliaea reflexa var. morrisonicola

authorship: (Hayata) Yamam.

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 481 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 二郎剑 长穗兔儿风

authors: Diels

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(5): 628


slug: ainsliaea-latifolia

scientific: Ainsliaea latifolia

authorship: (D.Don) Sch.Bip.

epithet: latifolia

published_in: Jahresber. Pollichia 18-19: 190 (1861)

Ainsliaea hypoleuca

authorship: Diels ex H.Limpr.

Ainsliaea latifolia f. yunnanensis

authorship: (Franch.) Kitam.

Ainsliaea pteropoda

authorship: DC.

Ainsliaea pteropoda var. gemina

authorship: Craib

Ainsliaea pteropoda var. genuina

authorship: Kurz

Ainsliaea pteropoda var. platyphylla

authorship: Franch.

Ainsliaea pteropoda var. singalangensis

authorship: Boerl.

Ainsliaea silhetensis

authorship: (DC.) C.B.Clarke

Ainsliaea triflora

authorship: Druce

Liatris lobelioides

authorship: Wall. ex C.B.Clarke

Perdicium triflorum

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

codes: CHC CHS CHH CHT ASS BAN EHM LAO MLY MYA NEP PAK PHI SUM THA VIE WHM

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 宽穗兔耳风 倒赤伞

authors: (D.Don) Sch.Bip.

published_in: Jahresber. Pollichia 18-19: 190

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ainsliaea-macroclinidioides

scientific: Ainsliaea macroclinidioides

authorship: Hayata

epithet: macroclinidioides

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo xxv. Art. 19, 141 (1908).

Ainsliaea hui

authorship: Diels ex Mattf.

name: Ainsliaea macroclinidioides var. latifolia

authorship: (Kitam.) Hatus.

codes: CHS NNS TAI

China Southeast

code: CHS

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 灯台兔儿风 灯台兔儿风（铁灯兔耳风）

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(Art. 19): 141

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aiouea-amoena

scientific: Aiouea amoena

authorship: (Nees & Mart.) R.Rohde

genus: Aiouea

epithet: amoena

family: Lauraceae

Cinnamomum amoenum

authorship: (Nees & Mart.) Kosterm.

Ocotea amoena

authorship: (Nees & Mart.) Herter

Oreodaphne amoena

authorship: Nees & Mart.

Phoebe amoena

authorship: (Nees & Mart.) Mez

codes: AGE BZS PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Paraguay

code: PAR

climate: seasonally dry tropical

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Neotrocnada rutasaca
Salvina undata

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: shrub

label: Height

category: Size

value: 9 m

authors: (Nees & Mart.) R.Rohde

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: aiouea-dubia

scientific: Aiouea dubia

authorship: (Kunth) Mez

epithet: dubia

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin  5: 34 (1889)

Aiouea granatensis

authorship: Mez

Aiouea truxillensis

authorship: Kosterm.

Cryptocarya dubia

authorship: Kunth

Endocarpa corymbosa

authorship: Raf.

Laurus hypericifolia

authorship: Willd. ex Nees

Persea hypericifolia

authorship: Nees

codes: CLM ECU PER VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

climate: wet tropical

authors: Mez

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 34


slug: aiouea-grisebachii

scientific: Aiouea grisebachii

authorship: (Lorea-Hern.) Rohwer

epithet: grisebachii

Cinnamomum grisebachii

authorship: Lorea-Hern.

Persea triplinervis

authorship: (Griseb.) M.Gómez

Phoebe triplinervis

authorship: Griseb.

codes: MXG MXT MXS CUB DOM HON

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Honduras

code: HON

region: Central America

authors: (Lorea-Hern.) Rohwer


slug: aiouea-montana

scientific: Aiouea montana

authorship: (Sw.) R.Rohde

epithet: montana

preferred: laurel avispillo

source: usda

Ceramocarpium cubense

authorship: (Nees) Nees

Cinnamomum antillanum

authorship: (Meisn.) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum australe

authorship: Vattimo-Gil

Cinnamomum brasiliense

authorship: (Mez) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum cinnamomifolium

authorship: (Kunth) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum cubense

authorship: (Nees) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum filamentosum

authorship: (C.K.Allen) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum fruticosum

authorship: (Lundell) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum montanum

authorship: (Sw.) J.Presl

Cinnamomum paraguariense

authorship: (Hassl.) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum phoebe

authorship: Doweld

Cinnamomum pichisense

authorship: (A.C.Sm.) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum pickellii

authorship: (Coe-Teix.) Kosterm.

Cinnamomum triplinerve

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm.

Laurus elongata

authorship: Vahl ex Nees

Laurus montana

authorship: Poepp. ex Meisn.

authorship: Sw.

Laurus nutans

authorship: Isert ex Nees

Laurus paniculata

authorship: Poir.

Laurus parviflora

authorship: Balb. ex Meisn.

Laurus triplinervis

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Ocotea cymbarum

authorship: Poepp. ex Nees

Ocotea elongata

authorship: Nees ex Meisn.

Ocotea flavescens

authorship: Rusby

Persea mexicana

authorship: (Meisn.) Hemsl.

Persea montana

authorship: (Sw.) Spreng.

Persea triplinervis var. valenzuelana

authorship: (A.Rich.) M.Gómez

Phoebe antillana

authorship: Meisn.

Phoebe antillana var. cubensis

authorship: (Nees) Meisn.

Phoebe cinnamomifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Nees

Phoebe fruticosa

authorship: Lundell

Phoebe montana

authorship: (Sw.) Griseb.

Phoebe paraguariensis

authorship: Hassl.

Phoebe pickellii

authorship: Coe-Teix.

Phoebe triplinervis

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

Phoebe triplinervis var. cubensis

authorship: (Nees) C.Wright

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

partners:
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Chamaepetes unicolor
Pharomachrus mocinno
Procnias tricarunculatus

partners:
Pitangus sulphuratus
Saltator similis
Thraupis palmarum
Thraupis sayaca
Turdus rufiventris
Vireo olivaceus
Myiozetetes similis
Atlapetes albinucha

partners:
Caldencyrtus acamas
Caldencyrtus antander
Caldencyrtus mitchelli
Emersonella curculivora

partners: Epipaschiinae gen. epipajanzen01 sp. Janzen22


slug: aiouea-neurophylla

scientific: Aiouea neurophylla

authorship: (Mez & Pittier) R.Rohde

epithet: neurophylla

Cinnamomum neurophyllum

authorship: (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm.

Phoebe neurophylla

authorship: Mez & Pittier

codes: MXT MXS COS HON PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Atlapetes albinucha
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Catharus ustulatus
Chamaepetes unicolor
Chiroxiphia linearis
Chlorophonia callophrys
Chlorospingus flavopectus
Colaptes rubiginosus

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: drupe

authors: (Mez & Pittier) R.Rohde


slug: aiphanes-eggersii

scientific: Aiphanes eggersii

authorship: Burret

genus: Aiphanes

epithet: eggersii

family: Arecaceae

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 563 (1932)

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

value: phanerophyte

value: 6 m


slug: aiphanes-horrida

scientific: Aiphanes horrida

authorship: (Jacq.) Burret

epithet: horrida

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 575 (1932)

preferred: coyure palm

Aiphanes aculeata

authorship: Willd.

Aiphanes bicuspidata

authorship: (H.Karst.) Ed.Otto

Aiphanes caryotifolia

authorship: (Kunth) H.Wendl.

Aiphanes elegans

authorship: (Linden & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl.

Aiphanes ernestii

authorship: (Burret) Burret

Aiphanes praemorsa

authorship: (Poepp. ex Mart.) Burret

Bactris praemorsa

authorship: Poepp. ex Mart.

Caryota horrida

authorship: Jacq.

Euterpe aculeata

authorship: (Willd.) Spreng.

Marara aculeata

authorship: (Willd.) H.Karst. ex H.Wendl.

Marara caryotifolia

authorship: (Kunth) H.Karst. ex H.Wendl.

Martinezia aculeata

authorship: (Willd.) Klotzsch

Martinezia aiphanes

authorship: Mart.

Martinezia caryotifolia

authorship: Kunth

Martinezia elegans

authorship: Linden & H.Wendl.

Martinezia ulei

authorship: Dammer

Tilmia caryotifolia

authorship: (Kunth) O.F.Cook

codes: BOL BZN CLM PER TRT VEN

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
ruffle palm
spine palm

names:
Corozo chiquito
Mararay

names: 刺叶椰子 刺孔雀椰子

names: Cariota-de-espinho pupunha

names: Айфанес устрашающий

partners:
Homo sapiens
Piaractus brachypomus
Thraupis episcopus

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: palm

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

value: 7 m


slug: aiphanes-minima

scientific: Aiphanes minima

authorship: (Gaertn.) Burret

epithet: minima

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 558 (1932)

preferred: Guinea bactris

Aiphanes acanthophylla

authorship: (Mart.) Burret

Aiphanes corallina

authorship: (Mart.) H.Wendl.

Bactris martineziifolia

authorship: hort. ex H.Wendl.

authorship: Schaedtler

Bactris minima

authorship: Gaertn.

Curima corallina

authorship: (Mart.) O.F.Cook

Martinezia acanthophylla

authorship: (Mart.) Becc.

Martinezia erosa

authorship: (Mart.) Linden

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: DOM PUE TRT WIN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Guinea bactris
grigri

names:
coyore
palma de coyor

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)


slug: aiphanes-simplex

scientific: Aiphanes simplex

authorship: Burret

epithet: simplex

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 567 (1932)

Colombia

code: CLM

value: 4 m


slug: aira-caryophyllea

scientific: Aira caryophyllea

authorship: L.

genus: Aira

epithet: caryophyllea

family: Poaceae

preferred: Silvery Hair Grass

english:
Silvery Hair Grass
silver hairgrass

Agrostis caryophyllea

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Aira aggregata

authorship: Timeroy ex Bor.

Aira aggregata var. sabulosa

authorship: Mabille

Aira bachiti

authorship: Hochst. ex Chiov.

Aira bachitii

authorship: Hochst. ex C.E.Hubb.

Aira baetica

authorship: Trin.

Aira canescens

authorship: Host

Aira caryophyllea f. pallescens

authorship: Neuman

Aira caryophyllea subsp. anceps

authorship: (Ces., Pass. & Gibelli) Arcang.

Aira caryophyllea subsp. armoricana

authorship: (F.Albers) Kerguélen

Aira caryophyllea subsp. multiculmis

authorship: (Dumort.) Bonnier & Layens

Aira caryophyllea subsp. plesiantha

authorship: (Jord. ex Boreau) K.Richt.

Aira caryophyllea subsp. reverchonii

authorship: (Murb.) Maire

Aira caryophyllea var. aggregata

authorship: (Timeroy ex Bor.) Syme

authorship: (Timeroy ex Bor) Asch. & Graebn.

Aira caryophyllea var. biaristata

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Maire

Aira caryophyllea var. curta

authorship: (Jord.) Rouy ex Douin

Aira caryophyllea var. hostii

authorship: (Steud.) Rouy

Aira caryophyllea var. latigluma

authorship: (Steud.) C.E.Hubb.

Aira caryophyllea var. maior

authorship: Gaudin

Aira caryophyllea var. major

authorship: Ducommun

authorship: Brongn.

Aira caryophyllea var. minima

authorship: Tinant

Aira caryophyllea var. multiculmis

authorship: (Dumort.) Dumort.

Aira caryophyllea var. patulipes

authorship: (Jord. ex A.Boreau) Syme

Aira caryophyllea var. suzana

authorship: Podp.

Aira curta

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

Aira duriuscula

authorship: Poir.

Aira edouardii

authorship: Reut. ex Jouve

Aira fioriana

authorship: Sennen

Aira hostii

authorship: Steud.

Aira lensii

authorship: Rchb.

Aira lenzei

authorship: Loisel. ex Godr.

Aira multiculmis

authorship: Dumort.

Aira multiculmis var. aggregata

authorship: (Timeroy ex Bor) Rouy ex de Lesd.

Aira multiculmis var. expansa

authorship: Martrin-Donos

Aira nebrodensis

authorship: Lojac.

Aira praecox var. caryophyllea

authorship: (L.) Royer

Aira praecox var. multiculmis

authorship: (Dumort.) Royer

Aira pulchella f. brachyanthera

authorship: Maire

Aira pulchella var. biaristata

authorship: Emb. & Maire

authorship: Emb. & Maire ex Jah. & Maire

Aira purpureoargentea

authorship: Gilib.

Aira reverchonii

authorship: Murb.

Aira rigida

authorship: Dulac

Aira saburralis

authorship: Jan ex Guss.

authorship: Jan

Aira tenera

authorship: Kit. ex Schult.

Aira tenera var. biaristata

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Emb. & Maire

Aira todaroi

authorship: Ten. ex Tod.

authorship: Tineo ex Ponzo

Aira truncata

authorship: Salzm. ex Trin.

Aira uniaristata var. biaristata

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Lambinon

Airella caryophyllea

authorship: (L.) Dumort.

Aspris caryophyllea

authorship: (L.) Nash

Avena caryophyllea

authorship: (L.) Weber

Avena caryophyllea subsp. multiculmis

authorship: (Dumort.) Nyman

Avena caryophyllea var. aggregata

authorship: (Timeroy ex Bor.) Nyman

Avena caryophyllea var. elatior

authorship: Lecoq & Lamotte

Avena tenera

authorship: (Kit.Schultes) Nyman

Avenastrum caryophylleum

authorship: (L.) Jess.

Caryophyllea airoides

authorship: Opiz

Deschampsia baetica

authorship: (Trin.) Willk. & Lange

Fussia caryophyllea

authorship: (L.) Schur

Salmasia multiculmis

authorship: (Dumort.) Bubani

Salmasia vulgaris

authorship: Bubani

codes: ALG AZO CMN CNY CVI ZAI ETH GGI KEN MDG MDR MLW MOR NGA RWA SUD TAN TUN UGA EAI CHT TCS TUR WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL COR CZE DEN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET POL POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1657 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: Аира гвоздичная

names: Аїра гвоздична

partners:
Neides tipularius
Acanthis flammea
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amblytylus brevicollis
Anas platyrhynchos


slug: aira-cupaniana

scientific: Aira cupaniana

authorship: Guss.

epithet: cupaniana

Aira capillaris var. cupaniana

authorship: (Guss.) Fiori

Aira caryophyllea subsp. cupaniana

authorship: (Guss.) Bonnier & Layens

Aira caryophyllea var. microstachya

authorship: Coss. & Durieu

Aira cupaniana var. biaristata

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Aira cupaniana var. divaricata

authorship: (Salis) Maire & Weiller

Aira cupaniana var. incerta

authorship: Ces., Pass. & Gibelli

Aira lutescens

authorship: Lojac.

Aira praecox var. divaricata

authorship: Salis

Aira uniaristata var. incerta

authorship: (Ces., Pass. & Gibelli) Maire

Airella cupaniana

authorship: (Guss.) Dumort.

Airopsis cupaniana

authorship: (Guss.) Lange

Avena cupaniana

authorship: (Guss.) Nyman

codes: ALG CNY LBY MOR TUN EAI BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Baleares

code: BAL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 101 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Silver hairgrass
silvery hair grass

names:
Aira de Cupani
Aïra de Cupani, Canche de Cupani

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

source: GIFT

value: graminoid

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aira-elegans

scientific: Aira elegans

authorship: Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

epithet: elegans

preferred: annual silver hairgrass

Aira ambigua

authorship: De Not.

Aira capillaris

authorship: Host

Aira capillaris subsp. ambigua

authorship: (Asch.) Arcang.

Aira capillaris var. ambigua

authorship: Asch.

Aira capillaris var. divaricata

authorship: Schur

Aira capillaris var. pumila

authorship: Herder

Aira corsica

authorship: Jord.

Aira elegans subsp. ambigua

authorship: (Asch.) Holub

Aira elegans subsp. notarisiana

authorship: (Steud.) Soják

Aira elegans var. biaristata

authorship: Godr.

Aira elegantissima subsp. ambigua

authorship: (Asch.) Dogan

Aira elegantissima subsp. hosteana

authorship: Holub

Aira notarisiana

authorship: Steud.

Aira saxatilis

authorship: Salzm. ex Trin.

Aira sicula

authorship: Tod.

Airella capillaris

authorship: (Mutel) Dumort.

name: Airopsis capillaris var. divaricataelegantissima

Airopsis elegans

authorship: (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Fr. & D.Müll.

Airopsis setacea

authorship: (Retz.) Fries

Aspris capillaris

authorship: (Mutel) Hitchc.

Avena capillaris

authorship: Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Avena capillaris var. ambigua

authorship: Nyman

Avena capillaris var. elegantissima

authorship: (Schur) Nyman

Fussia capillaris var. elegantissima

authorship: (Schur) Schur

codes: ALG MOR CYP EAI IRN LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BUL COR CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iran

code: IRN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Hungary

code: HUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 191 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Mediterranean hairgrass, Elegant hairgrass, Annual silver hairgrass

names: Аира элегантная

names: Аїра витончена

names: елегантен брол

names: Գնկոր նրբագեղ

partners:
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Amblytylus brevicollis
Chromatomyia nigra
Crambus nemorella
Crypsedra gemmea
Epacromius tergestinus
Erebia aethiops

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 682


slug: aira-praecox

scientific: Aira praecox

authorship: L.

epithet: praecox

preferred: Early Hair Grass

english:
Early Hair Grass
early hair-grass
yellow hairgrass

source: wikidata

Agrostis praecox

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Aira canescens var. praecox

authorship: (L.) Vill.

Aira gmelinii

authorship: Honck.

Aira pusilla

authorship: Schur

Aira subspicata

authorship: Rainv.

Airella praecox

authorship: (L.) Dumort.

Aspris praecox

authorship: (L.) Nash

Avena caryophyllea unranked praecox

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Avena loefflingiana

authorship: M.Geuns ex Roem. & Schult.

Avena nana

authorship: Kunze ex Steud.

Avena praecox

authorship: (L.) P.Beauv.

Avena pusilla

authorship: Weber

Caryophyllea praecox

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Fussia praecox

authorship: (L.) Schur

Salmasia praecox

authorship: (L.) Bubani

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: AZO CNY MDR NCS TUR BLT BGM CZE DEN FIN FRA FOR GER GRB IRE ITA KRY NET NOR POL POR SPA SWE SWI

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Føroyar

code: FOR

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

Netherlands

code: NET

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

Sweden

code: SWE

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Frühe Haferschmiele
Früühe Haferschmiele

partners:
Hipparchia semele
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Amblytylus brevicollis
Chloephaga picta
Chloephaga rubidiceps
Chromatomyia nigra
Crambus nemorella

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aira-tenorei

scientific: Aira tenorei

authorship: Guss.

epithet: tenorei

Aira capillaris subsp. tenorei

authorship: (Guss.) Coss. & Durieu

Aira capillaris var. pulchella

authorship: Knoche

Aira capillaris var. tenorii

authorship: (Guss.) Walp.

Aira caryophyllea subsp. intermedia

authorship: (Guss.) K.Richt.

Aira caryophyllea var. inflexa

authorship: (Loisel.) Lamotte

Aira caryophyllea var. pulchella

authorship: Gillet & Magne

Aira caryophyllea var. tenorii

authorship: (Guss.) T.Durand & Schinz

Aira corymbosa

authorship: Fauché & Chaub.

Aira inflexa

authorship: Loisel.

Aira provincialis

authorship: Gennari ex Nyman

Aira pulchella

authorship: (Ten.) Link

Aira pulchella subsp. intermedia

authorship: (Guss.) Maire

Aira pulchella subsp. tenorei

authorship: (Guss.) Asch. & Graebm. ex Bonte

Aira pulchella var. tenorei

authorship: (Guss.) Fiori

Aira tenorei subsp. mixta

authorship: (Godr.) K.Richt.

Aira tenorei var. aristata

authorship: Bonnet & Barratte

Aira tenorei var. mutica

authorship: Godr.

Aira tenorii f. intermedia

authorship: (Guss.) Maire & Weiller

Airella tenorei

authorship: (Guss.) Dumort.

Airopsis pulchella

authorship: Ten.

Avena corymbosa

authorship: (Fauché & Chaub.) Nyman

Avena corymbosa subsp. tenorei

authorship: (Guss.) Nyman

Fiorinia pulchella

authorship: (Ten.) Parl.

Salmasia corymbosa

authorship: Bubani

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Aïra de Tenore
Aïra de Tenore, Canche de Tenore

value: therophyte

value: annual


slug: airampoa-ayrampo

scientific: Airampoa ayrampo

authorship: (Haenke) Doweld

genus: Airampoa

epithet: ayrampo

family: Cactaceae

published_in: in Turczaninowia 5: 28. 2002.

Airampoa albisaetacens

authorship: (Backeb.) Doweld

Airampoa chilensis

authorship: (F.Ritter) Doweld

Airampoa orurensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) Doweld

Airampoa soehrensii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lodé

Cactus ayrampo

authorship: Haenke

Opuntia albisaetacens

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia alcerrecensis

authorship: Iliff

Opuntia ayrampo

authorship: (Azara) Mottram

Opuntia haenquiana

authorship: Herrera

Opuntia minuscula

authorship: (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley

Opuntia minuscula var. silvestris

authorship: (Backeb.) Krainz

Opuntia orurensis

authorship: Cárdenas

Opuntia soehrensii

authorship: Britton & Rose

Platyopuntia albisaetacens

authorship: (Backeb.) F.Ritter

Platyopuntia orurensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) F.Ritter

Platyopuntia soehrensii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter

name: Platyopuntia soehrensii var. grandiflora

Tephrocactus silvestris

authorship: (Backeb.) Backeb.

Tephrocactus soehrensii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) G.D.Rowley

Tunilla albisaetacens

authorship: (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt & Iliff

Tunilla chilensis

authorship: (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt & Iliff

Tunilla orurensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) D.R.Hunt & Iliff

Tunilla soehrensii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt & Iliff

codes: AGW BOL CLN PER

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Chile North

code: CLN

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: succulent subshrub

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 220 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Haenke) Doweld

published_in: Turczaninowia 5(2): 28

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: airampoa-corrugata

scientific: Airampoa corrugata

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Doweld

epithet: corrugata

published_in: in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002.

Cactus corrugatus

authorship: Gillies ex Loudon

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Lem.

Echinocactus corrugatus

authorship: (Gillies ex Loudon) Steud.

Opuntia corrugata

authorship: Hort.Angl. ex Otto

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Opuntia corrugata subsp. brevispina

authorship: (Backeb.) Mottram

Opuntia corrugata var. brevispina

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia eborina

authorship: C.F.Först. ex Haage

Opuntia eburnea

authorship: Lem.

Opuntia longispina

authorship: Haw.

Opuntia parmentieri

authorship: Pfeiff.

Platyopuntia corrugata

authorship: (Gillies ex Loudon) F.Ritter

Tephrocactus corrugatus

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Kreuz.

Tephrocactus retrospinosus

authorship: Lem. ex C.F.Först.

Tunilla corrugata

authorship: (Gillies ex Loudon) D.R.Hunt & Iliff

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Arhysosage bifasciata
Dialictus
Psaenythia rufipes

value: subshrub

value: woody

authors: (Salm-Dyck) Doweld

published_in: Turczaninowia 5(2): 29

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoanthemopsis-hispanica

scientific: Aizoanthemopsis hispanica

authorship: (L.) Klak

genus: Aizoanthemopsis

epithet: hispanica

family: Aizoaceae

Aizoanthemum hispanicum

authorship: (L.) H.E.K.Hartmann

Aizoon hispanicum

authorship: L.

Aizoon hispanicum var. genuinum

authorship: Maire

Aizoon sessiliflorum

authorship: Moench

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP GST IRN IRQ KUW LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN TCS TKM BAL ITA KRI POR SPA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Madeira

code: MDR

Cyprus

code: CYP

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kuwait

code: KUW

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 367 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
escarcha
mata de aceite

names: Аизоон испанский

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: aizoanthemum-galenioides

scientific: Aizoanthemum galenioides

authorship: (Fenzl ex Sond.) Friedrich

genus: Aizoanthemum

epithet: galenioides

published_in: in Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 2(17-18): 344. 1957.

Aizoon galenioides

authorship: Fenzl ex Sond.

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

authors: (Fenzl ex Sond.) Friedrich

published_in: Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 2: 344

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: aizoon-africanum

scientific: Aizoon africanum

genus: Aizoon

epithet: africanum

Galenia africana var. halimifolia

authorship: Sond.

Galenia africana var. pentandra

authorship: Hiern

Galenia africana var. secundata

authorship: Adamson

Galenia linearis

authorship: Thunb.

Galenia tenuifolia

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ANG CPP OFS NAM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 785 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bankruptcy Bush
Kraalbush

names: kraalbos Bankrotbos

partners:
Braunsapis otavica
Nomioides maculiventris

partners:
Accacidia dactyla
Afrachilus montanifynbosensis
Bos
Discolopeus diacaenus
Geelus haakdraad
Geelus kinkeldraad
Geelus nektanddraad
Geelus stompdraad

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Adencyrtus callainus
Allocerellus mimus
Coccophagus conditus

value: perennial

authors: (L.) Klak

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoon-canariense

scientific: Aizoon canariense

epithet: canariense

preferred: Purslane-leaved aizoon

Aizoon procumbens

authorship: Crantz

Aizoon spathulatum

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Glinus chrystallinus

authorship: Forssk.

Glinus procumbens

authorship: Forssk. ex Adamson

Mesembryanthemum dubium

authorship: Haw.

Veslingia heisteri

authorship: Fabr. ex Willd.

codes: ALG CNY CPP CVI CHA DJI EGY ERI SWZ OFS KEN NAT LBY MDR MLI MTN MOR MOZ NAM TVL SEL SOC SOM SUD TUN WSA ZIM GST IRN IRQ KUW LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN YEM PAK

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Mali

code: MLI

region: West Tropical Africa

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Selvagens

code: SEL

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1310 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аизоон канарский

names:
חייעד קנרי
חיעד קנרי


slug: aizoon-cymosum

scientific: Aizoon cymosum

authorship: (Adamson) Klak

epithet: cymosum

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: subshrub

authors: (Adamson) Klak

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoon-filiforme

scientific: Aizoon filiforme

authorship: (Thunb.) Klak

epithet: filiforme

Galenia filiformis

authorship: (Thunb.) N.E.Br.

names: brakbossie brakopslag

authors: (Thunb.) Klak


slug: aizoon-fruticosum

scientific: Aizoon fruticosum

epithet: fruticosum

Galenia fallax

authorship: Pax ex Adamson

authorship: Pax ex Engl.

Galenia fruticosa

authorship: (L.f.) Sond.

Namibia

code: NAM

value: herb

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 261


slug: aizoon-glinoides

scientific: Aizoon glinoides

epithet: glinoides

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 133 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoon-herniariifolium

scientific: Aizoon herniariifolium

authorship: (C.Presl) Klak

epithet: herniariifolium

Aizoon herniarium

authorship: Rchb. ex Steud.

Aizoon microphyllum

authorship: Bartl.

Galenia herniariifolia

authorship: (C.Presl) Walp.

value: shrub

authors: (C.Presl) Klak


slug: aizoon-karooicum

scientific: Aizoon karooicum

authorship: Compton

epithet: karooicum

published_in: in Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 283. 1931.

Mesembryanthemum villosum

authorship: L.

authors: Compton

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 283


slug: aizoon-namaense

scientific: Aizoon namaense

authorship: (Schinz) Klak

epithet: namaense

Galenia namaensis

authorship: Schinz

codes: BOT CPP OFS NAM TVL

Botswana

code: BOT

Free State

code: OFS

value: 1 m

authors: (Schinz) Klak


slug: aizoon-paniculatum

scientific: Aizoon paniculatum

epithet: paniculatum

Aizoon stellatum

authorship: Lam.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: L.

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoon-papulosum

scientific: Aizoon papulosum

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

epithet: papulosum

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 3: 326. 1837.

Galenia papulosa

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond.

Galenia papulosa var. microphylla

authorship: Adamson

Galenia papulosa var. tristyla

authorship: Kuntze

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Red Kraalbush
Yellow Brakbush

partners:
Ceratina liliputana
Entedon stephanopachi
Hylaeus gessianus
Hylaeus rugipunctus
Idiomacromerus korneyevi

authors: Eckl. & Zeyh.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 3: 326

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoon-portulacaceum

scientific: Aizoon portulacaceum

authorship: (Fenzl ex Sond.) Klak

epithet: portulacaceum

Galenia portulacacea

authorship: Fenzl ex Sond.

codes: CPP OFS TVL

authors: (Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.) Klak

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoon-pubescens

scientific: Aizoon pubescens

epithet: pubescens

preferred: coastal galenia

Galenia pubescens

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1408 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Галения пушистая

names: Vanwyksopslag bloubrakbossie

partners:
Discomyza similis
Eurema smilax
Hycleus oculatus
Seladonia
Tachytes
Zizina labradus
Zizina otis

partners:
Zizina labradus
Zizina otis

value: variable

value: capsule

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol GAPU80

license: public domain


slug: aizoon-rigidum

scientific: Aizoon rigidum

epithet: rigidum

Aizoon rigidum var. angustifolium

authorship: Sond.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aizoon-sarcophyllum

scientific: Aizoon sarcophyllum

epithet: sarcophyllum

codes: CPP OFS NAM

names: vanwyksbrak Beslyn

partners:
Colpixys necator
Samba griseonigra
Scrapter exiguus
Scrapter keiskiensis
Scrapter luteistigma
Scrapter nitens
Scrapter roggeveldi


slug: aizoon-sarmentosum

scientific: Aizoon sarmentosum

epithet: sarmentosum

Mesembryanthemum hexaphyllum

authorship: Haw.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 246 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 260


slug: aizoon-secundum

scientific: Aizoon secundum

epithet: secundum

preferred: onesided galenia

Galenia secunda

authorship: (L.f.) Sond.

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 小葉番杏 美葉番杏

names: vanwyksopslag Geelbos

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol GASE3

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ajania-pacifica

scientific: Ajania pacifica

authorship: (Nakai) K.Bremer & Humphries

genus: Ajania

epithet: pacifica

published_in: Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. (London), Bot. 23(2): 115 (1993)

Chrysanthemum pacificum

authorship: Nakai

Dendranthema pacificum

authorship: (Nakai) Kitam.

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gold and Silver Chrysanthemum
Gold-and-Silver Chrysanthemum

names: 矶菊 金球菊

names: חרצית פסיפית

partners:
Allograpta exotica
Allograpta obliqua
Anagrapha falcifera
Calycopis cecrops
Chrysomya megacephala
Cisseps fulvicollis
Cochliomyia macellaria
Diabrotica undecimpunctata

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Anagrapha falcifera
Cochliomyia macellaria
Compsomyiops callipes
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Eristalis tenax
Lon melane
Parrhasius m-album

authors: (Nakai) K.Bremer & Humphries

published_in: Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 23(2): 115

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ajania-pallasiana

scientific: Ajania pallasiana

authorship: (Fisch. ex Besser) Poljakov

epithet: pallasiana

published_in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 420 (1955)

Artemisia pallasiana

authorship: Fisch. ex Besser

Artemisia pallasianum

authorship: Fischer ex Bess.

Chrysanthemum pallasianum

authorship: (Fisch. ex Besser) Kom.

name: Chrysanthemum pallasianum var. pallasianum

Dendranthema pallasianum

authorship: (Fisch. & Besser) Vorosch.

Pyrethrum pallasianum

authorship: (Fisch. ex Besser) Maxim.

codes: AMU CHN JAP KHA KOR CHM MON PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аяния Палласа

label: Flowering months

value: Jul-Sep

authors: (Fisch. ex Besser) Poljakov


slug: ajania-rupestris

scientific: Ajania rupestris

authorship: (Matsum. & Koidz.) Muldashev

epithet: rupestris

published_in: Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 68(2): 211 (1983)

Chrysanthemum rupestre

authorship: Matsum. & Koidz.

Dendranthema rupestre

authorship: (Matsumura & Koidz.) Kitam.

names: イワインチン 岩茵蔯

authors: (Matsum. & Koidz.) Muldashev

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: ajuga-australis

scientific: Ajuga australis

genus: Ajuga

epithet: australis

family: Lamiaceae

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 503 (1810)

Ajuga australis var. diemenica

authorship: (Benth.) Domin

Ajuga australis var. typica

authorship: Domin

Ajuga diemenica

authorship: Benth.

codes: NSW QLD SOA TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1451 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Australian bugle
austral bugle

names: عجوقه جنوبيه

label: Growth habit

value: hemicryptophyte

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 503

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: ajuga-bombycina

scientific: Ajuga bombycina

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: bombycina

Ajuga argyrea

authorship: Stapf

Chamaepitys bombycina

authorship: (Boiss.) Holub

codes: EAI TUR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss.


slug: ajuga-chamaepitys

scientific: Ajuga chamaepitys

authorship: (L.) Schreb.

epithet: chamaepitys

published_in: Pl. Verticill. Unilab. Gen. Sp. : xxiv (1773)

preferred: Ground-pine

english:
Ground-pine
ground-pine
yellow bugle

Ajuga chamaepitys

authorship: Guss.

Ajuga chamaepitys f. grandiflora

authorship: (Vis.) Jáv.

Ajuga chamaepitys f. hirta

authorship: (Freyn) Bolzon

Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. ciliata

authorship: (Briq.) Smejkal

Ajuga chamaepitys var. chia

authorship: (Schreb.) Batt.

Ajuga chamaepitys var. ciliata

authorship: Briq.

Ajuga chamaepitys var. glabra

authorship: (C.Presl) Nyman

Ajuga chamaepitys var. glabriuscula

authorship: Holuby

Ajuga chamaepitys var. grandiflora

authorship: Vis.

Ajuga chamaepitys var. hirta

authorship: Freyn

Ajuga chamaepitys var. suffrutescens

authorship: Willk.

Ajuga chia

authorship: Schreb.

Ajuga chia subsp. tridactylites

authorship: (Boiss.) Holmboe

Ajuga chia var. intermedia

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) Nyman

Ajuga grandiflora

authorship: (Vis.) Degen

Ajuga grandiflora var. ciliata

authorship: (Briq.) Degen

Ajuga intermedia

authorship: Boiss. & Orph.

Ajuga rechingeri

authorship: Bilik

Ajuga suffrutescens

authorship: (Willk.) Lange

Ajuga tridactylites

authorship: Ging. ex Benth.

Ajuga trifida

authorship: Dulac

Ajuga trifidifolia

authorship: Stokes

Bugula arvensis

authorship: Gray

Bugula chamaepithys

authorship: (L.) Scop.

Bulga chamaepitys

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Chamaepitys arvensis

authorship: Schur

Chamaepitys chia

authorship: (Schreb.) Holub

Chamaepitys chia subsp. trifida

authorship: (Dumort.) Kmet'ová

Chamaepitys glabra

authorship: (C.Presl) Holub

Chamaepitys rechingeri

authorship: (Bilik) Holub

Chamaepitys suffrutescens

authorship: (Willk.) Holub

Chamaepitys tridactylites

authorship: (Ging. ex Benth.) Holub

Chamaepitys trifida

authorship: Dumort.

Chamaepitys trifida var. glabriuscula

authorship: (Holuby) Holub

Chamaepitys vulgaris

authorship: Hill

authorship: Link

Teucrium arvense

authorship: Salisb.

Teucrium chamaepitys

authorship: L.

Teucrium chium

authorship: (Schreb.) J.F.Gmel.

Teucrium laevigatum

authorship: Banks & Sol.

Teucrium pseudorhamaepitys

authorship: Georgi

codes: ALG MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS PAL SAU SIN TCS TKM TUR ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2019 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Cyasterone

activities: Anabolic Antigonadotrophic Juvabional Pesticide Proteinogenic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

partners:
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora aestivalis
Anthophora dispar
Anthophora furcata
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus veteranus
Clossiana euphrosyne
Erynnis tages

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Aeolothrips intermedius
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Apteropeda orbiculata
Apteropeda splendida

published_in: Pl. Verticill. Unilab. Gen. Sp. 24 (p. xxiiii)


slug: ajuga-decumbens

scientific: Ajuga decumbens

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: decumbens

Ajuga decumbens f. albiflora

authorship: Honda

Ajuga decumbens f. condensata

authorship: Makino

Ajuga decumbens f. rosea

authorship: (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim

Ajuga decumbens var. glabrata

authorship: Hatus.

Ajuga decumbens var. glabrescens

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Ajuga devestita

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Ajuga glabrescens

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Makino

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR CHM NNS CHQ TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 591 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 筋骨草 白毛夏枯草

names: jigoku-no-kama-no-futa kiran-sō

label: Woodiness

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lipsiae) 243


slug: ajuga-genevensis

scientific: Ajuga genevensis

epithet: genevensis

preferred: Geneva Bugle

english:
Geneva Bugle
Geneva bugleweed
blue bugle
blue bugleweed
upright bugle

Ajuga alpestris

authorship: Dumort.

Ajuga alpicola

authorship: (Beck) Dalla Torre

Ajuga foliosa

authorship: Tratt.

Ajuga genevensis var. alpicola

authorship: Beck

Ajuga genevensis var. alpina

authorship: (L.) Nyman

Ajuga genevensis var. arida

authorship: Fr.

Ajuga genevensis var. cryptostylon

authorship: (Lagr.-Foss.) Nyman

Ajuga genevensis var. foliosa

authorship: (Tratt.) Beck

Ajuga genevensis var. grossidens

authorship: Briq.

Ajuga genevensis var. integrifolia

authorship: Sanio

Ajuga genevensis var. longifolia

authorship: Klett & Richt.

Ajuga genevensis var. rosea

authorship: Gaudin

Ajuga glabrifolia

authorship: (St.-Lag.) Bonnier

Ajuga interrupta

authorship: Dulac

Ajuga lanata

authorship: Mart. ex Steud.

Ajuga latifolia

authorship: Host

Ajuga montana

authorship: Rchb.

Ajuga vulgaris subsp. alpina

authorship: (L.) Rouy

Ajuga vulgaris subsp. foliosa

authorship: (Tratt.) Rouy

Bugula alpina

authorship: (L.) All.

Bugula genevensis

authorship: (L.) Crantz

Bugula tomentosa

authorship: Gilib.

codes: NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUW POL ROM RUS SWI TUE UKR

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2089 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: عجوقة جنيفية

names:
Живучка женевская
Живучка мохнатая

names: Горлянка женевська

partners:
Anthophora aestivalis
Anthophora dispar
Anthophora furcata
Apis mellifera
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Bombus pratorum
Bombus pascuorum
Erynnis tages
Anthocharis cardamines
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Hemaris fuciformis
Acanthis flammea
Aeolothrips intermedius
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Anthocharis cardamines


slug: ajuga-incisa

scientific: Ajuga incisa

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: incisa

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 23: 390 (1877)

Ajuga incisa f. albiflora

authorship: Yamazaki

Ajuga incisa f. rosea

authorship: Honda

Bulga incisa

authorship: (Maxim.) Kuntze

Japan

code: JAP

names: ヒイラギソウ hiiragisō

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xxiii. (1877) 390


slug: ajuga-iva

scientific: Ajuga iva

authorship: (L.) Schreb.

epithet: iva

published_in: Pl. Verticill. Unilab. Gen. Sp. : xxv (1773)

Ajuga humilis

authorship: Porta

Ajuga iva f. cleistogama

authorship: Heldr.

Ajuga iva f. punctata

authorship: Radić

Ajuga iva prol. pseudoiva

authorship: (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Rouy

Ajuga iva subsp. humilis

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Ajuga iva subsp. pseudoiva

authorship: (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Briq.

Ajuga iva var. cleistogama

authorship: (Heldr.) Pamp.

Ajuga iva var. linearifolia

authorship: Rouy

Ajuga iva var. pseudoiva

authorship: (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Steud.

Ajuga iva var. robertiana

authorship: Maire

Ajuga iva var. spathulifolia

authorship: Mutel

Ajuga moschata

authorship: (Mill.) Schreb.

Ajuga pseudoiva

authorship: Robill. & Castagne ex DC.

Ajuga pseudoiva var. apetala

authorship: Sennen

Bugula moschata

authorship: (Mill.) Bubani

Bulga iva

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Chamaepitys iva

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Chamaepitys moschata

authorship: Garsault

Chamaepitys pseudoiva

authorship: (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Fourr.

Moscharia arabica

authorship: Vitman

Moscharia asperidifolia

authorship: Forssk.

Teucrium iva

authorship: L.

Teucrium moschatum

authorship: Mill.

codes: ALG CNY CVI EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN WSA CYP EAI PAL SIN TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 925 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ferulic-acid

activities:
Allelopathic
Analgesic
Antiaggregant
Antiallergic
Antiarrhythmic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Colon)
Anticancer (Forestomach)

Naringin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antidermatitic Antiinflammatory Antimutagenic Antineuropathic Antioxidant Antiviral Cancer-Preventive

Harpagide

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Analgesic Antiarthritic Antiinflammatory Calcium-Antagonist

names:
Bugle Ivette
Bugle ivette, Ivette musquée


slug: ajuga-laxmannii

scientific: Ajuga laxmannii

authorship: (L.) Benth.

epithet: laxmannii

published_in: Labiat. Gen. Spec. : 697 (1835)

Phleboanthe laxmannii

authorship: (L.) Tausch

Teucrium pseudiva

authorship: Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.

codes: NCS TUR ALB BUL RUC CZE GRC HUN KRY YUG ROM RUS TUE UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 438 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Живучка Лаксмана
Живучка Лаксманна

names: Горлянка Лаксмана

names:
Лаксманово срещниче
Петнисто срещниче

names: лаксманов срещниче

value: May-Jul

authors: (L.) Benth.

published_in: Labiat. Gen. Spec. 697


slug: ajuga-multiflora

scientific: Ajuga multiflora

authorship: Bunge

epithet: multiflora

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. : 51 (1833)

Ajuga amurica

authorship: Freyn

Ajuga multiflora var. brevispicata

authorship: C.Y.Wu & C.Chen

Ajuga multiflora var. leucantha

authorship: Nakai

codes: AMU CHN CHS CTA CHI KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

region: Siberia

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 多花筋骨草 拔毒草

names: Живучка многоцветковая

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: Apr-Jun

authors: Bunge

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. [A.A. von Bunge] 51


slug: ajuga-nipponensis

scientific: Ajuga nipponensis

authorship: Makino

epithet: nipponensis

Ajuga decumbens var. typica

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Ajuga labordei

authorship: Vaniot

Ajuga matsumurana

authorship: Kudô

Ajuga typica

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum. & Kudô

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR TAI MYA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Taiwan

code: TAI

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 267 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 散瘀草 日本筋骨草

authors: Makino

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 67

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ajuga-ophrydis

scientific: Ajuga ophrydis

authorship: Burch. ex Benth.

epithet: ophrydis

preferred: bugle plant

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 458 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: moonyane se-nyarela

authors: Burch. ex Benth.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: ajuga-orientalis

scientific: Ajuga orientalis

epithet: orientalis

Ajuga orientalis subsp. aenesia

authorship: (Heldr.) Pithos & Damboldt

Ajuga orientalis var. aenesia

authorship: Heldr.

Ajuga orientalis var. condensata

authorship: Boiss.

Bugula obliqua

authorship: Moench

Bugula orientalis

authorship: (L.) Mill.

Bulga orientalis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

codes: CYP EAI IRN LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB GRC ITA KRI KRY SIC TUE UKR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1368 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Живучка восточная

names: Горлянка східна

names:
חד שפה מזרחי
חד-שפה מזרחי

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: ajuga-pygmaea

scientific: Ajuga pygmaea

epithet: pygmaea

codes: CHS JAP NNS TAI

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾筋骨草 矮筋骨草

published_in: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 6(2): 402

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: ajuga-pyramidalis

scientific: Ajuga pyramidalis

authorship: L.

epithet: pyramidalis

preferred: Pyramidal Bugle

english:
Pyramidal Bugle
pyramid bugle

Ajuga alpina

authorship: Vill.

Ajuga astolonosa

authorship: Schur

Ajuga caespitosa

authorship: Schleich. ex Steud.

Ajuga genevensis subsp. pyramidalis

authorship: (L.) Bonnier & Layens

Ajuga nana

authorship: Gilib.

Ajuga occidentalis

authorship: Braun-Blanq.

Ajuga pyramidalis f. albida

authorship: Svanlund

Ajuga pyramidalis f. occidentalis

authorship: (Braun-Blanq.) Fern.Casas

Ajuga pyramidalis f. stolonifera

authorship: Gaudin

Ajuga pyramidalis var. alpina

authorship: Nyman

Ajuga pyramidalis var. glabrata

authorship: Hartm.

Ajuga pyramidalis var. meonantha

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Ajuga vulgaris subsp. pyramidalis

authorship: (L.) Rouy

Ajuga vulgaris subsp. schurii

authorship: Rouy

Bugula montana

authorship: Bubani

Bugula pyramidalis

authorship: (L.) Crantz

Bugula villosa

authorship: Steud.

codes: ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL CZE DEN FIN FRA GER GRB GRC ICE IRE ITA YUG RUW NOR POL POR ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Iceland

code: ICE

Ireland

code: IRE

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Горлянка пірамідальна

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Aeolothrips intermedius
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Apteropeda orbiculata
Carduelis citrinella

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: ajuga-reptans

scientific: Ajuga reptans

authorship: L.

epithet: reptans

preferred: carpet bugle

english:
carpet bugle
Bugle
common bugle

source: inat

Ajuga abnormis

authorship: (Rouy) Prain

Ajuga alpina

authorship: Fr.

Ajuga barrelieri

authorship: Ten.

Ajuga breviproles

authorship: Borbás

Ajuga nanti

authorship: Boreau

Ajuga pyramidalis

authorship: Huds.

Ajuga repens

authorship: Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.

Ajuga reptans var. albiflora

authorship: Tinant

Ajuga reptans var. lerezana

authorship: Blanco-Dios

Ajuga reptans var. pyramidata

authorship: Zalewski

Ajuga stolonifera

authorship: Jeanb. & Timb.-Lagr.

Ajuga vulgaris subsp. nantii

authorship: (Boreau) Rouy

Ajuga vulgaris var. bifera

authorship: Gillot

Ajuga vulgaris var. breviproles

authorship: (Borbás) Rouy

Ajuga vulgaris var. stolonifera

authorship: (Jeanb. & Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy

Bugula decumbens

authorship: Mill.

Bugula reptans var. hirsuta

authorship: Gray

Teucrium reptans

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

codes: ALG TUN IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Tunisia

code: TUN

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Aucubin

activities:
Antibacterial
Antidote (Amanitin)
Antiedemic
Antiinflammatory
Antileukemic
Antioxidant
Antiprolactin
Antistaphylococcic

Delphinidin

activities:
Allelochemic
Allergenic
Antioxidant
Cancer-Preventive
Metal-Chelator (Copper)
NO-Inhibitor
Pesticide
Pigment

Cyanidin

activities:
Allelochemic
Antioxidant
Metal-Chelator (Copper)
Pesticide
Pigment
Prooxidant

names: Живучка ползучая

names: セイヨウキランソウ セイヨウジュウニヒトエ

names: لبدیسی خزنده

names: Горлянка повзуча

partners:
Bombus
Bombus lucorum
Anthophora furcata
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus barbutellus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus vestalis
Rhingia campestris
Bombus pratorum
Anthophora plumipes
Carterocephalus palaemon
Anthocharis cardamines
Apis mellifera

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera
Bombus humilis
Bombus nevadensis
Bombus subterraneus
Carterocephalus palaemon
Gonepteryx rhamni
Osmia aurulenta

partners:
Agriotes sputator
Agrypnus murinus
Amara bifrons
Amara consularis
Amara equestris
Amara familiaris
Amara montivaga
Amphimallon solstitiale


slug: ajuga-sinuata

scientific: Ajuga sinuata

epithet: sinuata

Ajuga australis var. sinuata

authorship: (R.Br.) Domin

New South Wales

code: NSW


slug: ajuga-taiwanensis

scientific: Ajuga taiwanensis

authorship: Nakai ex Murata

epithet: taiwanensis

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot.  23: 23 (1968)

codes: NNS TAI PHI

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 593 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 臺灣筋骨草 台湾筋骨草

names: عجوقة تايوانية

authors: Nakai ex Murata

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 23(1-2): 23


slug: ajuga-tenorei

scientific: Ajuga tenorei

epithet: tenorei

Ajuga acaulis

authorship: Brocchi

Ajuga decumbens

authorship: Ten.

codes: ITA SIC

Italy

code: ITA

Sicilia

code: SIC

names:
iva acaule
iva di Tenore

published_in: Fl. Sicul. (Presl) 1: p. xxxvi


slug: akania-bidwillii

scientific: Akania bidwillii

authorship: (Hend. ex R.Hogg) Mabb.

genus: Akania

epithet: bidwillii

family: Akaniaceae

published_in: Plant-book, reimpr.: 707 (1989)

Akania hillii

authorship: Benth. & Hook.f.

Akania lucens

authorship: (F.Muell.) Airy Shaw

codes: NSW QLD

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 288 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

authors: (R.Hogg) Mabb.

published_in: Pl.-Book (corr. repr. 1989) 707 (1989 reprint):


slug: akebia-longeracemosa

scientific: Akebia longeracemosa

authorship: Matsum.

genus: Akebia

epithet: longeracemosa

family: Lardizabalaceae

Akebia quinata var. longeracemosa

authorship: (Matsum.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson

codes: CHS TAI

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

lifeform: climber

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 523 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 臺灣木通 長序木通

authors: Matsum.

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 18

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: akebia-quinata

scientific: Akebia quinata

authorship: (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Decne.

epithet: quinata

preferred: Five-leaf Akebia

english:
Five-leaf Akebia
Fiveleaf Akebia
chocolate vine

Akebia micrantha

authorship: Nakai

Akebia quinata f. diplochlamys

authorship: (Makino) T.Shimizu

Akebia quinata f. polyphylla

authorship: (Nakai) Hiyama

Akebia quinata f. viridiflora

authorship: Makino

Rajania quinata

authorship: Thunb. ex Houtt.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

lifeform: liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1950 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Oleanolic-acid

activities: Abortifacient AntiHIV AntiPGE2 AntiTGF-beta Antiallergic Antiarrhythmic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial

Hederagenin

activities: Allergenic Anticapillary-Fragility Antiedemic Antifibrinolytic Antiinflammatory Antitrypanosomic Fungicide Molluscicide

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Acetic-acid

activities: Acidulant Antibacterial Antiotitic Antisalmonella Antivaginitic Expectorant Fungicide Keratitigenic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

names:
chocolate vine
Five-leaf Akebia

names: 木通 五叶木通

names: Гландора простёртая

names: アケビ akebi

names:
Akebie
Fingerblaettrige Akebie

names:
Akébie à cinq feuilles
/

names:
Akebia a cinque foglie
Akebia a cinque punte

names: eureumdeonggul 으름덩굴

names:
Klimaugurk
Klimbes, Schijnaugurk

names: kastanjaköynnös Rinneakebia

names:
Ötlevelű Akébia
Ötlevélkéjű akébia

names: Шоколадова лоза

partners:
Unidentified sp28 M_PL_057
Unidentified sp439 M_PL_057

partners:
Andrena haemorrhoa
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Tersilochinae

partners:
Biston robustum
Cacopsylla coccinea
Eudocima tyrannus
Pochazia shantungensis
Ricania shantungensis
Shirozua jonasi
Vitroliarus ecologus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

value: vine

value: nanophanerophyte


slug: akebia-trifoliata

scientific: Akebia trifoliata

authorship: (Thunb.) Koidz.

epithet: trifoliata

Akebia clematidifolia

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Akebia lobata

authorship: Decne.

Akebia lobata var. australis

authorship: Diels

Akebia lobata var. chaffanjonii

authorship: (H.Lév.) H.Lév.

Akebia lobata var. clematifolia

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Ito

Akebia trifoliata subsp. australis

authorship: (Diels) T.Shimizu

Akebia trifoliata var. australis

authorship: (Diels) Rehder

Akebia trifoliata var. clematifolia

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai

Akebia trifoliata var. litoralis

authorship: Konta & Katsuy.

Clematis trifoliata

authorship: Thunb.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
chocolate-vine
three-leaf akebia

names: 木通 八月瓜

names: Акебия трёхлисточковая

names: mitsuba-akebi ミツバアケビ

value: liana

value: deciduous

authors: (Thunb.) Koidz.

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 310

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: alangium-chinense

scientific: Alangium chinense

authorship: (Lour.) Harms

genus: Alangium

epithet: chinense

family: Cornaceae

published_in: Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.  15: 24 (1897)

Alangium begoniifolium

authorship: (Roxb.) Baill.

name: Alangium begoniifolium subsp. eubegoniifolium

authorship: Wangerin

Alangium chinense subsp. triangulare

authorship: (Wangerin) W.P.Fang

Alangium chinense var. pauciflorum

authorship: W.P.Fang ex Y.C.Ho

Alangium chinense var. taiwanianum

authorship: (Masam.) Koidz.

Alangium chinense var. vulgare

authorship: Merr.

Alangium cordifolium

authorship: Zoll. & Moritzi

Alangium kenyense

authorship: Chiov.

Alangium octopetalum

authorship: Hanes ex Blanco

Alangium taiwanianum

authorship: Masam.

Guettarda jasminiflora

authorship: Blanco

Karangolum chinense

authorship: (Lour.) Kuntze

Marlea begoniifolia

authorship: Roxb.

Marlea chinensis

authorship: (Lour.) Druce

Marlea virgata

authorship: Zoll.

Stelanthes solitarius

authorship: Stokes

Stylidium bauthas

authorship: Lour. ex B.A.Gomes

Stylidium begoniifolium

authorship: (Roxb.) Voigt

Stylidium chinense

authorship: Lour.

Stylis chinensis

authorship: (Lour.) Poir.

Styrax rossamalus

authorship: Reinw. ex Steud.

codes: ANG BUR CAB CMN ZAI ETH GGI KEN MLW MOZ RWA SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM CHN CHC CHS TAI CHT ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MYA NEP PHI THA VIE WHM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cabinda

code: CAB

Cameroon

code: CMN

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 584 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Corythaeola cristata
Elephas maximus
Gallirex johnstoni
Tauraco schuettii


slug: alangium-platanifolium

scientific: Alangium platanifolium

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Harms

epithet: platanifolium

Alangium platanifolium f. cordatum

authorship: Wangerin

Alangium platanifolium f. macrophyllum

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

Alangium platanifolium f. velutinum

authorship: (Nakai) T.B.Lee

name: Alangium platanifolium var. macrophyllum

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Pamp.

Alangium platanifolium var. ogurae

authorship: Yanagita

Alangium platanifolium var. trilobum

authorship: (Miq.) Ohwi

Alangium sinicum

authorship: (Nakai) S.Y.Hu, Spongberg & Z.Cheng

Karangolum platanifolium

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Kuntze

Marlea macrophylla

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Marlea macrophylla var. triloba

authorship: (Miq.) Nakai

Marlea macrophylla var. velutina

authorship: Nakai

Marlea platanifolia f. velutina

authorship: (Nakai) H.Hara

Marlea platanifolia var. macrophylla

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Makino

Marlea platanifolia var. triloba

authorship: Miq.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR CHM PRM TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Palmate-leaf alangium
Planeleaf Alangium

names: Алангиум платанолистный

names: Dan-pung-bak-jwi-na-mu 단풍박쥐나무

partners:
Bombus
Bombus ardens
Bombus diversus diversus
Rhopalum latronum

value: woody

label: Life form

value: perennial

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] iii. VIII. 261

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: alangium-polyosmoides

scientific: Alangium polyosmoides

authorship: (F.Muell.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes

epithet: polyosmoides

Alangium villosum subsp. polyosmoides

authorship: (F.Muell.) Bloemb.

Alangium villosum var. australe

authorship: Bloemb.

Alangium vitiense var. tomentosum

authorship: (Benth.) Wangerin

Marlea vitiensis var. tomentosa

authorship: Benth.

name: Pseudalangium polyosmoides var. tomentosum

Rhytidandra polyosmoides

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Muskwood
Black Muskheart

value: Oct-Apr

value: drupe

authors: (F.Muell.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes


slug: alangium-salviifolium

scientific: Alangium salviifolium

authorship: (L.f.) Wangerin

epithet: salviifolium

Alangium acuminatum

authorship: Wight ex Steud.

Alangium decapetalum

authorship: Lam.

Alangium lamarckii

authorship: Thwaites

Alangium latifolium

authorship: Miq. ex C.B.Clarke

Alangium mohillae

authorship: Tul.

name: Alangium salviifolium subsp. decapetalum

authorship: (Lam.) Wangerin

name: Alangium salviifolium subsp. salviifolium

Alangium sundanum var. miqueliana

authorship: Kurz

Karangolum mohillae

authorship: (Tul.) Kuntze

Karangolum salviifolium

authorship: (L.f.) Kuntze

codes: COM KEN TAN BAN IND NEP PAK SRL WHM

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Kenya

code: KEN

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

India

code: IND

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

Cephaeline

activities: Amebicide Antimalarial Antiplasmodial Emetic Expectorant Pesticide Protisticide

Tubulosine

activities: Amebicide Antimalarial Antiplasmodial Antitumor Cytotoxic

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

Psychotrine

activities: Antimalarial Antiplasmodial

names:
Sage Leaved Alangium
sage-leaf alangium

names: 割舌罗 土坛树

partners:
Acridotheres tristis
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Corvus culminatus
Eudynamys scolopaceus
Idiobrotis oxygrapha
Macaca sinica
Psilopogon haemacephalus

label: Leaf retention

label: Life cycle

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: alangium-villosum

scientific: Alangium villosum

authorship: (Blume) Wangerin

epithet: villosum

published_in: Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst.  86: 61 (1906)

Alangium villosum subsp. salaccense

authorship: (Koord. & Valeton) Bloemb.

Alangium zollingeri

authorship: Baill.

Iodes ferruginea

authorship: K.Schum. & Lauterb.

Karangolum zollingeri

authorship: (Baill.) Kuntze

Marlea villosa

authorship: (Blume) Kurz

Marlea vitiensis f. salaccensis

authorship: Koord. & Valeton

Styrax villosa

authorship: Blume

Jawa

code: JAW

names: Kilalayu Kitamiang

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: (Blume) Wangerin

published_in: Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 86: 61

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: alansmia-laxa

scientific: Alansmia laxa

authorship: (C.Presl) Moguel & M.Kessler

genus: Alansmia

epithet: laxa

family: Polypodiaceae

Grammitis laxa

authorship: (C.Presl) C.V.Morton

Polypodium crispulum

authorship: Christ

Polypodium lanigerum

authorship: Mett.

Terpsichore laxa

authorship: (C.Presl) A.R.Sm.

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

authors: (C.Presl) Moguel & M.Kessler

published_in: Brittonia 63(2): 241


slug: alberta-magna

scientific: Alberta magna

genus: Alberta

epithet: magna

preferred: Natal flame bush

english:
Natal flame bush
flametree

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
flametree
Natal flame bush

names: breekhout Breckhout

names: isiqalaba isiqalana

names:
Umcumane
ibutha elikhulu


slug: albidella-acanthocarpa

scientific: Albidella acanthocarpa

authorship: (F.Muell.) Lehtonen

genus: Albidella

epithet: acanthocarpa

family: Alismataceae

published_in: Austral. Syst. Bot. 30: 68 (2017)

Caldesia acanthocarpa

authorship: (F.Muell.) Buchenau

Caldesia oligococca var. acanthocarpa

authorship: (F.Muell.) Hartog

codes: NTA QLD

Northern Territory

code: NTA

lifeform: helophyte

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: helophyte

value: annual

authors: (F.Muell.) Lehtonen

published_in: Austral. Syst. Bot. 30(1): 68


slug: albidella-oligococca

scientific: Albidella oligococca

epithet: oligococca

Alisma apetalum

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Micheli

Alisma aphyllum

authorship: Steud.

codes: BAN EHM IND JAW LSI MLY NWG PAK SRL VIE NTA QLD WAU

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Vietnam

code: VIE

Western Australia

code: WAU

value: 1 m

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: albizia-adianthifolia

scientific: Albizia adianthifolia

authorship: (Schumach.) W.Wight

genus: Albizia

epithet: adianthifolia

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 137: 12 (1909)

preferred: Flat-crown Albizia

english:
Flat-crown Albizia
West African Albizia
West African albizzia

Acacia myrrhifera

authorship: Stackh. ex Dierb.

Acacia sassa

authorship: (Willd.) Baill.

Albizia chirindensis

authorship: (Swynn. ex Baker f.) Swynn. ex Steedman

Albizia fastigiata

authorship: (E.Mey.) Oliv.

Albizia fastigiata var. chirindensis

authorship: Swynn. ex Baker f.

Albizia fastigiata var. glabra

authorship: Vatke

Albizia intermedia

authorship: De Wild. & T.Durand

Albizia sassa

authorship: (Willd.) Chiov.

Feuilleea sassa

authorship: (Willd.) Kuntze

Inga fastigiata

authorship: (E.Mey.) Steud.

Inga sassa

authorship: Willd.

Mimosa adianthifolia

authorship: Schum.

authorship: Schumach.

Mimosa sassa

authorship: (Willd.) Poir.

Zygia sassa

authorship: (Willd.) Benth.

codes: ANG BEN BUR CMN CPP CAF CON ZAI EQG SWZ GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MOZ NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

Liberia

code: LBR

Madagascar

code: MDG

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1071 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Animal animal
Anthene definita
Anthene larydas
Charaxes alpinus nyikensis
Charaxes berkeleyi
Charaxes ethalion
Charaxes mafuga
Charaxes subornatus

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.