slug: senegalia-kraussiana

scientific: Senegalia kraussiana

authorship: (Meisn. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.

epithet: kraussiana

Acacia kraussiana

authorship: Meisn. ex Benth.

name: Acacia kraussiana subsp. madagascariensis

authorship: Villiers & Du Puy

codes: NAT MDG MOZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Mozambique

code: MOZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Coast Climbing Thorn
Coastal Climbing Acacia

names: kus-rankdoring kusrankdoring

names: isidladlasengwe usondelangange

authors: (Meisn. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.


slug: senegalia-mellifera

scientific: Senegalia mellifera

authorship: (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger

genus: Senegalia

epithet: mellifera

family: Fabaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Acacia detinens

authorship: Burch.

Acacia mellifera

authorship: (Vahl) Bosc

Acacia mellifera subsp. detinens

authorship: (Burch.) Brenan

Acacia mellifera var. almakkiana

authorship: Chaudhary

Acacia senegal subsp. mellifera

authorship: (Vahl) Roberty

Acacia tenax

authorship: Marloth

Acacia vicioides

authorship: Ferrarini & Galino

Inga mellifera

authorship: (Vahl) Willd.

Mimosa mellifera

authorship: Vahl

Mimosa unguis-rati

authorship: Forssk.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ANG BOT CPP CPV CHA DJI EGY ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN MOZ NAM TVL SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM SAU YEM

Angola

code: ANG

continent: AFRICA

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Arabian Peninsula

Yemen

code: YEM

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: desert or dry shrubland

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Hemiptarsenus tabulaeformisi
Mesopolobus bonessi

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: senegalia-merrillii

scientific: Senegalia merrillii

authorship: (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger

epithet: merrillii

codes: MOL PHI SUL

Maluku

code: MOL

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Malesia

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

lifeform: climbing shrub

climate: wet tropical

names: 麦氏相思 藤相思樹

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Apis florea
Megachile lerma

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

authors: (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: senegalia-nigrescens

scientific: Senegalia nigrescens

authorship: (Oliv.) P.J.H.Hurter

epithet: nigrescens

Acacia brosigii

authorship: Harms

Acacia nigrescens

authorship: Oliv.

Acacia nigrescens var. pallens

authorship: Benth.

Acacia pallens

authorship: (Benth.) Rolfe

Acacia passargei

authorship: Passarge

Acacia perrottii

authorship: Warb.

codes: ANG BOT CPV SWZ NAT MLW MOZ NAM TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

lifeform: tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 790 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Knob-Thorn
Knobby Thorn

names: שיטה ניגרסצנס

names: Geelhaak Knopdoring

names: kankande nayula

names: Chinanga Gakaunga

names: mokėba more-omabėlė

names: caia chicaia

names:
Muunga
Tshihaka phele

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Giraffa camelopardalis
Poicephalus meyeri

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Giraffa camelopardalis
Platypleura haglundi
Poicephalus meyeri

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Life cycle


slug: senegalia-peninsularis

scientific: Senegalia peninsularis

authorship: Britton & Rose

epithet: peninsularis

Acacia peninsularis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Standl.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Palo Chino
Teso

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Britton & Rose

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senegalia-pennata

scientific: Senegalia pennata

authorship: (L.) Maslin

epithet: pennata

Acacia amblycarpa

authorship: Graham ex Wall.

Acacia canescens

authorship: (Graham ex Kurz) Gamble

Acacia canescens var. albida

authorship: Haines

Acacia concinna

authorship: Wall.

Acacia grahamii

authorship: Vajr.

Acacia horrida

authorship: Span.

Acacia pennata

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Acacia pennata var. canescens

authorship: Graham ex Kurz

Acacia pinnata

authorship: Dalzell & A.Gibson

Acacia prensans

authorship: Lowe

Acacia pterophylla

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Inga tenerrima

authorship: Jungh. ex Benth.

Mimosa ferruginea

authorship: Rottler

Mimosa megalodena

authorship: Poir.

Mimosa pennata

authorship: L.

Senegalia donaldi

authorship: (Haines) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin

Senegalia pennata var. canescens

authorship: (Graham ex Kurz) Sanjappa

Senegalia pennata var. heyneana

authorship: (Benth.) Sanjappa

Sericandra pennata

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: SEY CHC AND ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP SRL

Seychelles

code: SEY

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: climbing shrub or tree

names: 印度藤儿茶 加力酸藤

names: ថ្មទាប់ ស្អំ

partners:
Symbrenthia hypselis assama
Symbrenthia lilaea

partners:
Animal animal
Cavipalpia translucidella
Charaxes baumanni
Charaxes pleione
Elephas maximus
Heterostegane subtessellata
Heterostegane urbica
Laspeyresia campestris

value: shrub

value: liana

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

value: variable


slug: senegalia-praecox

scientific: Senegalia praecox

authorship: (Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger

epithet: praecox

Acacia hassleri

authorship: Chodat

Acacia praecox

authorship: Griseb.

Acacia praecox f. armata

authorship: Speg.

Acacia praecox f. hassleri

authorship: (Chodat) Burkart

codes: AGE AGW BOL PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 192 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 6 m

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger

published_in: Phytologia 88(1): 65

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senegalia-reniformis

scientific: Senegalia reniformis

authorship: (Benth.) Britton & Rose

epithet: reniformis

Acacia reniformis

authorship: Benth.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE


slug: senegalia-roemeriana

scientific: Senegalia roemeriana

authorship: (Scheele) Britton & Rose

epithet: roemeriana

preferred: roundflower catclaw

source: usda

Acacia lozanoi

authorship: (Britton & Rose) L.Rico

Acacia roemeriana

authorship: Scheele

Senegalia lozanoi

authorship: Britton & Rose

Senegalia palmeri

authorship: (S.Watson) Britton & Rose

codes: MXG MXE MXN NWM TEX

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1987 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Roemer's Acacia
Roundflower Catclaw

names:
Una de Gato
Uña de gato de flores redondas

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

authors: (Scheele) Britton & Rose

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SERO

license: public domain


slug: senegalia-schweinfurthii

scientific: Senegalia schweinfurthii

authorship: (Brenan & Exell) Seigler & Ebinger

epithet: schweinfurthii

Acacia brevispica var. schweinfurthii

authorship: (Brenan & Exell) R.Ross & Gord-Gray

Acacia schweinfurthii

authorship: Brenan & Exell

codes: ANG BOT CPP CPV KEN NAT MLW MOZ TVL SUD TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
river climbing acacia
river climbing thorn

names: 南非儿茶 南非金合欢

authors: (Brenan & Exell) Seigler & Ebinger

published_in: Phytologia 92(1): 94

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senegalia-senegal

scientific: Senegalia senegal

authorship: (L.) Britton

epithet: senegal

published_in: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 538 (1930)

preferred: gum arabic

Acacia asak var. unispinosa

authorship: Fiori

Acacia cufodontii

authorship: Chiov.

Acacia oliveri

authorship: Vatke

Acacia pseudoglaucophylla

authorship: (Chiov.) Chiov.

Acacia rostrata

authorship: Sim

Acacia rupestris

authorship: Stocks ex Boiss.

Acacia senegal

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Acacia senegal subsp. senegalensis

authorship: (Houtt.) Roberty

Acacia senegal subsp. trispinosa

authorship: (Stokes) Roberty

Acacia senegal var. kerensis

authorship: Schweinf.

Acacia senegal var. rostrata

authorship: Brenan

Acacia senegal var. rupestris

authorship: (Stocks ex Boiss.) Roberty

Acacia senegal var. verek

authorship: Roberty

Acacia spinosa

authorship: Marloth & Engl.

Acacia trispinosa

authorship: Stokes

Acacia unispinosa

authorship: (Fiori) Chiov.

Acacia verek

authorship: Guill. & Perr.

Acacia volkii

authorship: Suess.

Mimosa senegal

authorship: L.

Mimosa senegalensis

authorship: Houtt.

Senegalia oliveri

authorship: (Vatke) Kyal. & Boatwr.

Senegalia retusa

authorship: Raf.

Senegalia senegal var. kerensis

authorship: (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.

Senegalia senegal var. rostrata

authorship: (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN CMN CAF CHA ZAI ERI SWZ ETH GAM GHA IVO KEN NAT MLW MLI MTN MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM OMA SAU YEM IND PAK

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Dimethyltryptamine

activities: Hallucinogenic Hypertensive Mydriatic Neurotoxic Sympathomimetic

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Beta-sitosterol-d-glucoside

activities: Antispasmodic Antitumor CNS-Depressant CNS-Stimulant Convulsant Hypoglycemic

Octacosanol

activities: Androgenic Antiparkinsonian Antiviral Hypocholesterolemic Hypolipidemic Stimulant

Uvaol

activities:
Antioxidant
Antiproliferative
Antitumor (Breast)
Antitumor (Stomach)
Cytotoxic
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor

Hcn

activities: Antiasthmatic Antidote Antitussive Bronchosedative Insecticide Pesticide Respirastimulant Rodenticide

Beta-amyrin

activities: Analgesic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiulcer Gastroprotective Hepatoprotective Larvicide

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

partners:
Azanus ubaldus
Colletes somereni
Hypolimnas misippus
Leptotes plinius
Megachile discolor
Megachile maxillosa
Sycophila querci
Thyreus abyssinicus

partners:
Aepyceros melampus
Agrilus tarae
Azanus ubaldus
Azanus uranus
Callitrichinae
Catopsilia pyranthe
Giraffa camelopardalis
Hypolimnas misippus

published_in: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands vi. 538 (1930)

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senegalia-subangulata

scientific: Senegalia subangulata

authorship: (Rose) Britton & Rose

epithet: subangulata

Acacia subangulata

authorship: Rose

codes: MXC MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS


slug: senegalia-tucumanensis

scientific: Senegalia tucumanensis

authorship: (Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger

epithet: tucumanensis

Acacia riparia var. argentinensis

authorship: Speg.

Acacia riparia var. subscandens

authorship: (Griseb.) Griseb.

Acacia riparia var. tucumanensis

authorship: Griseb.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

climate: subtropical

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: vine

published_in: Phytologia 88(1): 76


slug: senegalia-wrightii

scientific: Senegalia wrightii

authorship: (Benth.) Britton & Rose

epithet: wrightii

preferred: catclaw acacia

Acacia greggii var. wrightii

authorship: (Benth.) Isely

Acacia wrightii

authorship: Benth.

codes: ARI MXE MXN TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Texas cat's-claw
Wright Acacia

partners:
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Sphex ichneumoneus

authors: (Benth.) Britton & Rose

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SEWR4


slug: senna-aciphylla

scientific: Senna aciphylla

authorship: (Benth. ex A.Gray) Randell

genus: Senna

epithet: aciphylla

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 12: 204 (1989)

Cassia aciphylla

authorship: Benth. ex A.Gray

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 2 m

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: pod

authors: (Benth.) Randell

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 12(2): 204

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-aculeata

scientific: Senna aculeata

authorship: (Pohl ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: aculeata

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 478 (1982)

Cassia aculeata

authorship: Pohl ex Benth.

Chamaesenna aculeata

authorship: (Pohl ex Benth.) Pittier

Echinocassia aculeata

authorship: (Pohl ex Benth.) Britton & Rose

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM PAR VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Colombia

code: CLM

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

value: herb

value: subshrub

authors: (Pohl ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby


slug: senna-affinis

scientific: Senna affinis

authorship: (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: affinis

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 123 (1982)

codes: BOL BZE BZL

Bolivia

code: BOL

value: 4 m

authors: (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-alata

scientific: Senna alata

authorship: (L.) Roxb.

epithet: alata

preferred: Candelabra Bush

english:
Candelabra Bush
Candle Bush
Empress Candle Plant
Golden Candlestick
emperor's candlesticks

source: wikidata

Cassia alata

authorship: L.

Cassia alata var. perennis

authorship: Pamp.

Cassia alata var. rumphiana

authorship: DC.

Cassia arayatensis

authorship: Náves ex Fern.-Vill.

Cassia herpetica

authorship: Jacq.

Cassia rumphiana

authorship: (DC.) Bojer

Herpetica alata

authorship: Cook & Collins

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Herpetica rumphiana

authorship: (DC.) J.Presl

codes: MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1974 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Emodin

activities: AGEs-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic AntiMRSA Antiaggregant Antiangiogenic Antibacterial Anticytomegalovirus

Aloe-emodin

activities: Antibacterial Antiherpetic Antileukemic Antisalmonella Antiseptic Antistaphylococcic Antitumor Antiviral

Rhein

activities: Antibacterial Anticarcinomic Anticariogenic Anticytomegalovirus Antineoplastic Antiplaque Antiseptic Antitumor

Chrysarobin

activities: Allergenic Antipsoriac Antitrichophytotic Cytotoxic Emetic Fungicide Irritant Keratolytic

Chrysophanol

activities: Antibacterial Antiseptic Calcium-Antagonist Candidicide Cathartic Hemostat Pesticide Pigment

names: Сенна крылатая

names: ゴールデンキャンドル ハネセンナ

partners:
Apis mellifera
Asbolis capucinus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Euglossa dilemma
Lycaenidae
Oecophylla smaragdina
Parantica aglea
Phocides batabano okeechobee

partners:
Camponotus planatus
Parancistrocerus perennis
Physiphora clausa
Polistes exclamans

partners:
Catopsilia pyranthe
Anthene lycaenoides
Catopsilia pomona
Eurema blanda
Hypolycaena phorbas
Anabasis ochrodesma
Aphis craccivora
Bombus pensylvanicus

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: senna-alexandrina

scientific: Senna alexandrina

authorship: Mill.

epithet: alexandrina

preferred: Alexandrian senna

english:
Alexandrian senna
East Indian senna
Egyptian senna
Tinnevelly senna

Cassia acutifolia

authorship: Delile

Cassia acutifolia var. eriocarpa

authorship: Maire

Cassia aethiopica

authorship: Guibourt

Cassia alexandrina

authorship: (Mill.) Spreng.

authorship: (Garsault) Thell.

Cassia angustifolia

authorship: Vahl

Cassia decipiens

authorship: Desv.

Cassia ehrenbergii

authorship: Bisch.

Cassia forskalii

authorship: Royle

Cassia italica

authorship: Lam. ex Steud.

Cassia lanceolata

authorship: Forssk.

authorship: Collad.

authorship: Wight & Arn.

Cassia ligustrinoides

authorship: Schrank

Cassia orientalis

authorship: Pers.

Cassia ovata

authorship: Mérat & Lens ex Geiger

Cassia senna var. eriocarpa

authorship: (Maire) Maire

Cassia senna var. obtusata

authorship: Brenan

Senna acutifolia

authorship: Batka

Senna alexandrina

authorship: Garsault

Senna angustifolia

authorship: (Vahl) Batka

Senna officinalis

authorship: Roxb.

codes: ALG CAF CHA DJI EGY ERI ETH GGI KEN MLI MTN NGR NGA SOC SOM SUD OMA PAL SAU SIN YEM IND PAK SRL

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Oman

code: OMA

region: Arabian Peninsula

Palestine

code: PAL

region: Western Asia

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

names:
سنا إسكندران
senna makki


slug: senna-aphylla

scientific: Senna aphylla

authorship: (Cav.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: aphylla

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 570 (1982)

Cassia aphylla

authorship: Cav.

Cassia aphylla subsp. divaricata

authorship: (Hieron.) L.Bravo

Cassia aphylla var. divaricata

authorship: Hieron.

Cassia aphylla var. trichosepala

authorship: Chodat & Wilczek

Cassia aphylla var. virgata

authorship: Burkart

Cassia rigida

authorship: (Hieron.) Burkart

Cassia trichosepala

authorship: (Chodat & Wilczek) L.Bravo

Senna fabrisii

authorship: (L.Bravo) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Senna rigida

authorship: (Hieron.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Senna rigida var. inermis

authorship: (L.Bravo) L.Bravo

Senna trichosepala

authorship: (Chodat & Wilczek) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

codes: AGE AGW AGS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 134 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agrilus puellus
Carcelia laxifrons
Curtorama cassiae
Scarabaeidae

authors: (Cav.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 570


slug: senna-armata

scientific: Senna armata

authorship: (S.Watson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: armata

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 292 (1982)

preferred: desertsenna

Xerocassia armata

authorship: (S.Watson) Britton & Rose

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1537 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
desertsenna
desert senna

partners:
Ammospermophilus leucurus
Atlides halesus
Dipsosaurus dorsalis
Hyles lineata
Leptotes plinius

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Dipsosaurus dorsalis
Leptotes plinius
Phoebis sennae

authors: (S.Watson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 292


slug: senna-arnottiana

scientific: Senna arnottiana

authorship: (Gillies) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: arnottiana

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 316 (1982)

Cassia andina

authorship: Phil.

Cassia arnottiana

authorship: Gillies

authorship: Wight ex Benth.

authorship: Hook.

Cassia arnottiana var. andina

authorship: (Phil.) Reiche

Cassia arnottiana var. sericea

authorship: Burkart ex L.Bravo

codes: AGW AGS CLC

Argentina Northwest

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hook.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 316

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-artemisioides

scientific: Senna artemisioides

authorship: (Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell

epithet: artemisioides

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 12: 220 (1989)

preferred: silver senna

Cassia artemisioides

authorship: Gaudich. ex DC.

Cassia desolata var. involucrata

authorship: (J.M.Black) J.M.Black

Cassia desolata var. planipes

authorship: (J.M.Black) Symon

Cassia glaucescens

authorship: A.Cunn. ex R.Br.

Cassia helmsii

authorship: Symon

Cassia nemophila

authorship: A.Cunn. ex Vogel

Cassia nemophila var. zygophylla

authorship: (Benth.) Benth.

Cassia simplicifolia

authorship: Desv.

Cassia sturtii var. coriacea

authorship: Benth.

Cassia teretifolia

authorship: R.Cunn. ex Lindl.

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1865 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Burnt-leaved Acacia
Desert Acacia

partners:
Apis mellifera
Auriparus flaviceps
Lampides boeticus
Xylocopa sonorina

partners:
Eurema smilax
Jalmenus icilius
Contarinia sennicola
Jalmenus aridus
Polyozus furcilla

value: 3 m

authors: (DC.) Randell

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 12(2): 220


slug: senna-atomaria

scientific: Senna atomaria

authorship: (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: atomaria

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 588 (1982)

preferred: flor de San Jose

Cassia arborescens

authorship: Mill.

Cassia atomaria

authorship: L.

Cassia elliptica

authorship: Kunth

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Cassia emarginata

authorship: Bertero ex Steud.

Cassia emarginata var. subunijuga

authorship: B.L.Rob. & Bartlett

authorship: Robinson & Bartlett

Cassia graveolens

authorship: Colla

Cassia lorentzii

authorship: Niederl.

Cassia triflora

authorship: Vahl

Diplotax arborescens

authorship: (Mill.) Raf.

Isandrina maxonii

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ARU BAH BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM ELS GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PUE VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 666 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ancyloscelis apiformis
Augochlora quiriguensis
Augochlorella neglectula
Augochloropsis metallica
Centris fuscata
Centris transversa
Centris xochipillii
Euglossa viridissima


slug: senna-auriculata

scientific: Senna auriculata

authorship: (L.) Roxb.

epithet: auriculata

preferred: avaram

Cassia densistipulata

authorship: Taub.

codes: BAN IND MDV MYA SRL

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

India

code: IND

Maldives

code: MDV

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 492 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Matara-tea
matura tea tree

partners:
Anthene lycaenoides
Aphendala cana
Biston suppressaria
Cassidonaea sinuata
Catopsilia pomona pomona
Leptocentrus taurus
Nomia iridescens
Oxyrhachis lefroyi

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

value: evergreen

authors: Roxb.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CAAU19


slug: senna-aymara

scientific: Senna aymara

authorship: H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: aymara

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 310 (1982)

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Bolivia

code: BOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 170 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

authors: H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 310


slug: senna-barclayana

scientific: Senna barclayana

authorship: (Sweet) Randell

epithet: barclayana

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 11: 34 (1988)

Cassia barclayana

authorship: Sweet

Cassia barclayana var. pubescens

authorship: (Benth.) Symon

Cassia occidentalis var. schinifolia

authorship: (A.DC.) de Wit

Cassia sophera var. barclayana

authorship: (Sweet) Domin

Cassia sophera var. pubescens

authorship: Benth.

Cassia sophera var. schinifolia

authorship: (A.DC.) Benth.

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pepperleaf Senna
pepper-leaf senna

authors: (Sweet) Randell

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-barronfieldii

scientific: Senna barronfieldii

authorship: (Colla) Hewson

epithet: barronfieldii

Cassia australis

authorship: Sims

Cassia australis var. revoluta

authorship: (F.Muell.) Benth.

Cassia fraseri

authorship: A.Cunn. ex Vogel

Cassia umbellata

authorship: Rchb.

authorship: Bertol.

Senna odorata

authorship: (R.Morris) Randell

partners:
Diphucrania acuducta
Lasioglossum callomelittinum
Neovulturnus montanus
Sidymella rubrosignata
Tetragonula carbonaria
Xylocopa aeratus

authors: (Colla) Hewson


slug: senna-bauhinioides

scientific: Senna bauhinioides

authorship: (A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: bauhinioides

preferred: Shrubby Wild Sensitive-Plant

english:
Shrubby Wild Sensitive-Plant
twinleaf senna
two-leaf desert senna

Earleocassia bauhinioides

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton & Rose

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 724 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
daisillo
Retama pata de vaca

partners:
Centris atripes
Xylocopa varipuncta

authors: (A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Phytologia 44(7): 499


slug: senna-bicapsularis

scientific: Senna bicapsularis

authorship: (L.) Roxb.

epithet: bicapsularis

preferred: Christmas Bush

english:
Christmas Bush
Christmasbush
Money Bush
Rambling Senna
Yellow Candlebush

Adipera bicapsularis

authorship: (L.) Britton & Rose

Adipera spiciflora

authorship: Pittier

Cassia advena

authorship: Willd. ex Vogel

Cassia alcaparilla

authorship: Kunth

Cassia augusti

authorship: Harms

Cassia berryana

authorship: Voigt

Cassia berterii

authorship: Colla

Cassia bicapsularis

authorship: L.

Cassia bicapsularis var. aristata

authorship: DC.

Cassia bicapsularis var. augusti

authorship: (Harms) J.F.Macbr.

Cassia chinensis

authorship: Lam.

Cassia chrysoloma

authorship: De Not.

Cassia darmiens

authorship: Vell.

Cassia frondosa

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Cassia glandulifera

authorship: Reinw. ex Steud.

Cassia glanduliflora

authorship: Reinw. ex Blume

Cassia grandiflora

authorship: Pers.

Cassia inflata

authorship: Spreng.

Cassia laevigata

authorship: sensu Prain, non Willd.

Cassia sennoides

authorship: Jacq.

Cassia transversali-seminata

authorship: De Wild.

Cathartocarpus bicapsularis

authorship: (L.) Ham.

Chamaefistula inflata

authorship: (Spreng.) G.Don

Diallobus bicapsularis

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Isandrina arborescens

authorship: Raf.

codes: ARU BAH BOL CLM CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA PAN PER PUE SWC TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Aruba

code: ARU

Bahamas

code: BAH

Colombia

code: CLM

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Galápagos

code: GAL

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 303 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: Сенна двуплодная

partners:
Catopsilia scylla
Cepora boisduvaliana
Cryptophlebia ombrodelta
Fundella argentina
Phoebis sennae
Pleuroptya
Pseudautomeris brasiliensis

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-birostris

scientific: Senna birostris

authorship: (Dombey ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: birostris

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 337 (1982)

Cassia arequipensis

authorship: Meyen ex Vogel

Cassia birostris

authorship: Dombey ex Vogel

Cassia hookeriana

authorship: Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

authorship: Hook.

Cassia tarapacana

authorship: Phil.

Chamaefistula birostris

authorship: (Vogel) Vogel

authorship: Dombey ex J.F.Macbr.

codes: AGE AGW BOL CLN ECU PER

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 337


slug: senna-brongniartii

scientific: Senna brongniartii

authorship: (Gaudich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: brongniartii

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 322 (1982)

Cassia brongniartii

authorship: Gaudich.

Cassia conjugata

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex Benth.

codes: CLN PER

authors: (Gaudich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby


slug: senna-burkartiana

scientific: Senna burkartiana

authorship: (Villa) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: burkartiana

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 372 (1982)

Cassia burkartiana

authorship: Villa

codes: AGW BOL

value: tree

value: 5 m

authors: (Villa) H.S.Irwin & Barneby


slug: senna-candolleana

scientific: Senna candolleana

authorship: (Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: candolleana

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 376 (1982)

Cassia candolleana

authorship: Vogel

Cassia emarginata

authorship: Clos

Cassia quebracho

authorship: Steud.

Chile Central

code: CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 338 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Golden Cassia
Golden Senna

partners:
Sarnus decipiens
Nessorhinus vulpes

value: shrub

value: perennial

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 376


slug: senna-caudata

scientific: Senna caudata

authorship: (Standl.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: caudata

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 197 (1982)

Cassia caudata

authorship: Standl.

Chamaefistula caudata

authorship: (Standl.) Britton & Rose

codes: CLM COS PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

authors: (Standl.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 197


slug: senna-chloroclada

scientific: Senna chloroclada

authorship: (Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: chloroclada

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 565 (1982)

Cassia chloroclada

authorship: Harms

codes: AGW BOL PAR

Paraguay

code: PAR

value: phanerophyte

authors: (Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 565

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-cobanensis

scientific: Senna cobanensis

authorship: (Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: cobanensis

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 250 (1982)

Cassia cobanensis

authorship: (Britton) Lundell

Cassia leiophylla var. pubescens

authorship: Benth.

Cassia pumila

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Vogelocassia cobanensis

authorship: Britton

codes: MXT MXS BLZ BOL CLM COS GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Guatemala

code: GUA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: subshrub

partners:
Calycomyza cf. cassiae (Frost)
Heliozelidae

value: non-woody

authors: (Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 250

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: senna-confinis

scientific: Senna confinis

authorship: (Greene) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: confinis

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 278 (1982)

Cassia confinis

authorship: Greene

Earleocassia confinis

authorship: (Greene) Britton

authorship: (Greene) Britton & Rose

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 271 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

authors: (Greene) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 278

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: senna-corymbosa

scientific: Senna corymbosa

authorship: (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: corymbosa

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 397 (1982)

preferred: Argentine senna

Adipera corymbosa

authorship: (Lam.) Britton & Rose

Cassia bonariensis

authorship: Colla

Cassia corymbosa

authorship: Lam.

Cassia crassifolia

authorship: Ortega

Cassia floribunda

authorship: Collad.

Chamaefistula corymbosa

authorship: (Lam.) G.Don

codes: AGE AGW BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 605 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Argentine senna
Autumn Cassia

names:
Rama negra
Sen del campo

names: سنا أرجنتيني

names: Сенна щитковая

names: Cassier Séné

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Apis mellifera
Byrrhus
Camponotus
Eristalis tenax
Melanostoma scalare
Polistes dominula
Xylocopa

partners:
Allograpta exotica
Centris atra
Xylocopa augusti

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Adurgoa gonagra
Catopsilia pyranthe
Erynnis funeralis
Fundella argentina
Gesta gesta
Hammaptera repandaria
Hyperchiria incisa

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: senna-covesii

scientific: Senna covesii

authorship: (A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: covesii

preferred: Coues' cassia

english:
Coues' cassia
Coves' senna
desert senna
rattleweed

Earleocassia covesii

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton & Rose

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NEV NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1996 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
rattleweed
Coues' cassia

partners:
Danaus gilippus
Strymon melinus
Vanessa cardui
Xylocopa sonorina

partners:
Acmaeodera alicia
Disonycha glabrata
Stator limbatus

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Anthophora californica
Phoebis sennae

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: variable

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Phytologia 44: 499


slug: senna-crassiramea

scientific: Senna crassiramea

authorship: (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: crassiramea

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 569 (1982)

Cassia crassiramea

authorship: Benth.

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-crotalarioides

scientific: Senna crotalarioides

authorship: (Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: crotalarioides

Cassia crotalarioides

authorship: Kunth

Cassia crotalarioides var. leucophylla

authorship: Benth. ex Hemsl.

Cassia crotalarioides var. vogeliana

authorship: (Schltdl.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Cassia vogeliana

authorship: Schltdl.

Chamaefistula crotalarioides

authorship: (Kunth) G.Don

Earleocassia crotolarioides

authorship: (Kunth) Britton

authorship: (Kunth) Britton & Rose

Earleocassia vogeliana

authorship: (Schltdl.) Britton

authorship: (Schltdl.) Britton & Rose

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: (Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: senna-cruckshanksii

scientific: Senna cruckshanksii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: cruckshanksii

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 330 (1982)

Cassia campanae

authorship: Phil.

Cassia confusa var. campanae

authorship: (Phil.) Reiche

Cassia cruckshanksii

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Cassia stipulacea var. tenuistipula

authorship: Bertero ex Vogel

Chile Central

code: CLC

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 330


slug: senna-cumingii

scientific: Senna cumingii

epithet: cumingii

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 312 (1982)

Cassia acuta

authorship: Meyen

authorship: Meyen ex Vogel

Cassia coquimbensis

authorship: Vogel

Cassia flaccida

authorship: Clos

Senna acuta

authorship: (Meyen ex Vogel) Zoellner & San Martin

Senna alcaparra

authorship: (Phil.) Zoellner & San Martin

Senna coquimbensis

authorship: (Vogel) Zoellner & San Martin

codes: CLC CLN

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Сенна Каминга

authors: (Hook. & Arn.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 312

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-demissa

scientific: Senna demissa

authorship: (Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: demissa

Cassia demissa

authorship: Rose

Cassia demissa var. radicans

authorship: H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Earleocassia demissa

authorship: (Rose) Britton

authorship: (Rose) Britton & Rose

authors: (Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-didymobotrya

scientific: Senna didymobotrya

authorship: (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: didymobotrya

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 467 (1982)

preferred: African senna

english:
African senna
peanut butter cassia
popcorn senna

Cassia bracteosa

authorship: Welw. ex W.Bull

Cassia didymobotrya

authorship: Fresen.

Cassia verdickii

authorship: De Wild.

Chamaesenna didymobotrya

authorship: (Fresen.) Small

codes: ANG BUR ZAI ETH KEN MLW MOZ RWA SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African senna
peanut butter cassia

names: 长穗决明 長穗決明

names:
سنا أفريقي
سينا الفشار

names: Сенна парнокистевая

names:
Geflügelte Senna
geflügelte Kassie

partners:
Enchenopa quadricolor
Membracis mexicana

partners:
Catopsilia pomona
Aphis craccivora
Catopsilia pyranthe
Catopsilia scylla
Enchenopa quadricolor
Heterohyrax brucei
Phoebis philea
Procavia capensis

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: 7 m


slug: senna-foetidissima

scientific: Senna foetidissima

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: foetidissima

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 262 (1982)

Cassia foetida

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Cassia foetidissima

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don

Cassia mexicana var. grandiflora

authorship: Benth.

Cassia simulans

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lundell

Cassia stenosepala

authorship: L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.

Peiranisia simulans

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: MXC MXN MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 262

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: senna-gaudichaudii

scientific: Senna gaudichaudii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: gaudichaudii

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 80 (1982)

preferred: Gaudichaud's senna

Cassia gaudichaudii

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Cassia horsfieldii

authorship: Miq.

Cassia retusa

authorship: Sol. ex Vogel

Cassia retusa var. dietrichiae

authorship: Domin

Psilorhegma gaudichaudii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) O.Deg.

Senna glanduligera

authorship: (H.St.John) A.C.Sm.

Senna surattensis subsp. retusa

authorship: (Sol. ex Vogel) Randell

codes: JAW LSI MOL QLD FIJ HAW NWC PIT SCI TUB VAN

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Maluku

code: MOL

Queensland

code: QLD

region: Australia

Fiji

code: FIJ

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Pitcairn Is.

code: PIT

region: South-Central Pacific

Society Is.

code: SCI

Tubuai Is.

code: TUB

Vanuatu

code: VAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 80 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gaudichaud's Senna
Gaudichaud’s senna

source: GIFT

value: deciduous

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-georgica

scientific: Senna georgica

authorship: H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: georgica

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 193 (1982)

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZC FRG PAR

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

value: 6 m

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35(1): 193 (1982), nom. nov


slug: senna-glutinosa

scientific: Senna glutinosa

authorship: (DC.) Randell

epithet: glutinosa

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 12: 209 (1989)

preferred: Green Acacia

english:
Green Acacia
Sticky Acacia
White Acacia

Cassia chatelainiana

authorship: Gaudich.

Cassia glutinosa

authorship: DC.

Cassia glutinosa var. quadriflora

authorship: Vogel

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

Northern Territory

code: NTA

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Green Acacia
Sticky Acacia

partners:
Mcateella schuhi
Polyozus furcilla

value: pod

authors: (DC.) Randell

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 12(2): 209

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-hayesiana

scientific: Senna hayesiana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: hayesiana

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 133 (1982)

Cassia brittoniana

authorship: Lundell

Cassia hayesiana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Standl.

Cassia maxonii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Schery

Cassia racemosa

authorship: Mutis

Chamaefistula acuminata

authorship: Britton & Killip

Chamaefistula deficiens

authorship: Pittier

Chamaefistula lanata

authorship: Britton

codes: MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN WIN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

region: Caribbean

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Automeris zugana
Thraupis episcopus


slug: senna-hebecarpa

scientific: Senna hebecarpa

authorship: (Fernald) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: hebecarpa

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 446 (1982)

preferred: American senna

english:
American senna
wild senna

Cassia hebecarpa

authorship: Fernald

Senna hebecarpa var. longipila

authorship: (E.L.Braun) C.F.Reed

codes: CNT DEL ILL INI KTY MRY MAS MIC MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
American senna
wild senna

names:
casse sauvage
casse à fruits velus

partners:
Bombus auricomus
Bombus impatiens
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus vagans
Cerceris insolita

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Dolichovespula arenaria
Elaphria grata
Misumena vatia
Neoscona crucifera
Sceliphron caementarium

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Bombus impatiens
Catopsilia pomona
Catopsilia pyranthe
Lampides boeticus
Sceliphron caementarium

quote: Wild senna is a large, long-lived, herbaceous perennial, legume

quote: The compound leaves are even-pinnate with about 10 – 20 leaflets

quote: From the axils of the upper compound leaves upright racemes of yellow flowers form from July – August.


slug: senna-hirsuta

scientific: Senna hirsuta

authorship: (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: hirsuta

preferred: woolly senna

Cassia caracasana

authorship: Jacq.

Cassia hirsuta

authorship: L.

Cassia leptocarpa

authorship: Benth.

Cassia longisiliqua

authorship: Blanco

Cassia occidentalis f. ovatolanceolata

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Cassia pubigera

authorship: Lag.

Cassia sulcata

authorship: sensu Blanco, non DC.

Cassia venenifera

authorship: Rodschied

Ditremexa glaberrima

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Britton & Rose

Ditremexa hirsuta

authorship: (L.) Britton & Rose

Ditremexa leptocarpa

authorship: (Benth.) Britton & Rose

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB ELS HON LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE URU WIN

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 603 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Phoebis sennae
Rhodogastria amasis
Salebria inhonesta


slug: senna-holwayana

scientific: Senna holwayana

authorship: (Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: holwayana

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 559 (1982)

Cassia holwayana

authorship: Rose

Cassia multiflora

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Peiranisia holwayana

authorship: (Rose) Britton & Rose

Peiranisia salvadorensis

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: MXC MXT MXS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 559

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-italica

scientific: Senna italica

authorship: Mill.

epithet: italica

preferred: Port Royal senna

Cassia arachoides

authorship: Burch.

Cassia aschrek

authorship: Forssk.

Cassia buchananii

authorship: Kostel.

Cassia burmanni

authorship: Wight

authorship: Wall.

Cassia italica

authorship: (Mill.) F.W.Andrews

authorship: (Mill.) Spreng.

Cassia italica subsp. micrantha

authorship: Brenan

Cassia lucida

authorship: Dehnh.

Cassia obovata

authorship: Collad.

Cassia obtusa

authorship: Roxb. ex Wight

authorship: Roxb.

Cassia obtusata

authorship: Hayne

Cassia porturegalensis

authorship: Bancr. ex Macfad.

Cassia porturegalis

authorship: Bancr.

Senna obovata

authorship: Link

codes: ALG ANG BOT BKN CMN CPP CVI CAF CHA DJI EGY ERI SWZ ETH OFS GAM KEN NAT LBY MLI MTN MOR MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL SEN SOM SUD TAN UGA WSA ZIM GST IRN IRQ LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN YEM IND PAK WHM

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

region: West Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Cape Verde

code: CVI

region: Macaronesia

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gambia

code: GAM

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Libya

code: LBY

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 484 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
سنا إيطالي
سنا العلند

names: Сенна итальянская

partners:
Eurytoma cynipicola
Eurytoma herbaria
Amegilla langi
Amegilla nivea
Anthophora armata
Ceylalictus punjabensis
Ceylalictus variegatus
Dolichopus


slug: senna-ligustrina

scientific: Senna ligustrina

authorship: (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: ligustrina

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 409 (1982)

preferred: privet senna

Cassia angustisiliqua

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Cassia bahamensis

authorship: Mill.

Cassia ligustrina

authorship: L.

Cassia ligustrina var. eggersiana

authorship: Urb.

Cassia turquinae

authorship: (Britton) León

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Leon

Ditremexa confusa

authorship: Britton

authorship: Britton & Rose

Ditremexa ligustrina

authorship: (L.) Jackson

authorship: (L.) Britton & Rose

authorship: (L.) Jacks.

Peiranisia bahamensis

authorship: (Mill.) Britton & Rose

Senna ligustrina var. turquinae

authorship: (Britton) A.Barreto & Yakovlev

codes: FLA BAH CAY CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE PAN WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Panamá

code: PAN

region: Central America

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 258 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
privet senna
privet wild sensitive plant

partners:
Euglossa dilemma
Phoebis philea

partners:
Anabasis ochrodesma
Danaus plexippus
Phoebis philea

value: herb

value: subshrub

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-lindheimeriana

scientific: Senna lindheimeriana

authorship: (Scheele) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: lindheimeriana

preferred: Lindheimer's Senna

english:
Lindheimer's Senna
velvet leaf senna
velvet-leaved senna

source: inat

Cassia lindheimeriana

authorship: Scheele

Earleocassia lindeheimeriana

authorship: (Scheele) Britton

authorship: (Scheele) Britton & Rose

codes: ARI MXG MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Tribulus terrestris

slug: tribulus-terrestris

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

names:
velvet leaf senna
velvet-leaved senna

partners:
Palpada vinetorum
Vanduzea segmentata

partners:
Agrilus obtusus
Cecropterus albociliatus albociliatus
Strymon melinus

authors: (Scheele) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Phytologia 44(7): 500

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: senna-macranthera

scientific: Senna macranthera

authorship: (DC. ex Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: macranthera

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 181 (1982)

Cassia bijuga

authorship: Vogel

Cassia larensis

authorship: Britton & Pittier

Cassia macranthera

authorship: DC. ex Collad.

Cassia macranthera var. quadrifoliata

authorship: H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Cassia macranthera var. venosissima

authorship: Benth.

Cassia micans

authorship: Nees

Cassia monaden

authorship: Vell.

Cassia pudibunda

authorship: Mart. ex Benth.

Cassia speciosa

authorship: Thunb. ex Schweigg.

Cassia speciosa var. nervosa

authorship: (Vogel) Benth.

Chamaecrista pudibunda

authorship: (Mart. ex Benth.) Pittier

Chamaefistula larensis

authorship: (Britton & Pittier) Britton & P

Chamaefistula prominens

authorship: (D.Dietr.) G.Don

Chamaefistula quadrifoliolata

authorship: Pittier

Chamaefistula speciosa

authorship: (Thunb. ex Schweigg.) G.Don

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM ECU PAR PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 105 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Aleluia Cabo-verde

partners:
Enchenopa gracilis
Xylocopa suspecta

partners:
Poekilloptera phalaenoides
Artibeus lituratus
Fundella argentina

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-magnifolia

scientific: Senna magnifolia

authorship: (F.Muell.) Randell

epithet: magnifolia

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 13: 8 (1990)

codes: NTA QLD WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

value: 4 m

authors: (F.Muell.) Randell

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 13: 8


slug: senna-marilandica

scientific: Senna marilandica

authorship: (L.) Link

epithet: marilandica

preferred: Maryland senna

Cassia acuminata

authorship: Moench

Cassia marilandica

authorship: L.

Cassia marilandica var. floridana

authorship: Chapm.

Cassia medsgeri

authorship: Shafer

Cassia reflexa

authorship: Salisb.

Cassia succedana

authorship: Bellardi ex DC.

Ditremexa marilandica

authorship: (L.) Britton & Rose

Ditremexa medsgeri

authorship: (Shafer) Britton & Rose

Ditremexa nashii

authorship: Britton & Rose

Senna riparia

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA ARK CNT WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Anthraquinones

activities: Antilithic Bird-Repellent Carcinogenic Laxative Litholytic Toxic

Physcion

activities: Antiseptic Calcium-Antagonist Cathartic Pesticide Purgative

names: Сенна мэрилендская

partners:
Aedes stimulans
Agapostemon texanus
Andrena spiraeana
Anoplius marginatus
Anthocomus erichsoni
Apallates coxendix
Bicyrtes ventralis
Calythea nigricans

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Augochlorella aurata
Ceratomegilla notata
Aedes stimulans
Agapostemon texanus
Andrena spiraeana
Anoplius marginatus
Apallates coxendix

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Camponotus castaneus
Phoebis sennae


slug: senna-mexicana

scientific: Senna mexicana

authorship: (Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: mexicana

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 414 (1982)

preferred: Mexican senna

Adipera mexicana

authorship: (Jacq.) Britton & Rose

Cassia bahamensis var. latifolia

authorship: Benth.

Cassia berteriana

authorship: Balb. ex DC.

Cassia chapmanii

authorship: Isely

Cassia clarendonensis

authorship: Britton

Cassia mexicana

authorship: Jacq.

Cassia mexicana var. moustiquensis

authorship: Urb.

Cassia shaferi

authorship: Britton & P.Wilson

Peiranisia clarendonensis

authorship: (Britton) Britton & Rose

Peiranisia shaferi

authorship: (Britton & P.Wilson) Britton & Rose

Senna chapmanii

authorship: (Isely) A.Barreto & Yakovlev

Senna shaferi

authorship: (Britton & P.Wilson) A.Barreto & Yakovlev

codes: FLA MXG MXS BAH CUB DOM HAI JAM TCI

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 189 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Сенна мексиканская

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: (Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 414


slug: senna-montana

scientific: Senna montana

authorship: (B.Heyne ex Roth) V.Singh

epithet: montana

Cassia montana

authorship: B.Heyne ex Roth

Cassia setigera

authorship: DC.

Senna glauca

authorship: Roxb.

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

authors: (B.Heyne ex Roth) V.Singh

published_in: J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 16(3): 600


slug: senna-morongii

scientific: Senna morongii

authorship: (Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: morongii

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 364 (1982)

Cassia acinacicarpa

authorship: Rusby

Cassia cochabambae

authorship: Herzog

Cassia rojasiana

authorship: Hassl.

Cassia tomentosa var. paucijuga

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGE AGW BOL PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 364


slug: senna-multiglandulosa

scientific: Senna multiglandulosa

authorship: (Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: multiglandulosa

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 357 (1982)

preferred: glandular senna

Adipera tomentosa

authorship: (L.f.) Britton & Rose

Cassia albida

authorship: Ortega

Cassia cana

authorship: Schrank ex Steud.

Cassia pubescens

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don

Cassia tomentosa var. albida

authorship: (Ortega) Collad.

Cassia wightiana

authorship: Graham

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BOL CLM ECU PER

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 821 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
glandular senna
Buttercup Bush

names: Agduc Alcaparrito

names: Сенна многожелезистая

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus pauloensis
Bombus robustus
Bombus rubicundus
Ennya
Eurema smilax
Phoebis philea philea
Rhodogastria amasis

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS


slug: senna-multijuga

scientific: Senna multijuga

authorship: (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: multijuga

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 492 (1982)

preferred: false sicklepod

Cassia ampliflora

authorship: Steud.

Cassia centijuga

authorship: Wawra

Cassia chrysoclada

authorship: Taub. ex Glaz.

Cassia doylei

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lundell

Cassia fulgens

authorship: Wall. ex Vogel

authorship: Wall.

Cassia lindleyana

authorship: Gardner

Cassia magnifica

authorship: Mart.

Cassia multiflora

authorship: Scheele

Cassia multijuga

authorship: Rich.

Cassia multijuga var. lindleyana

authorship: (Gardner) Benth.

Cassia richardiana

authorship: Kunth

Cassia scabrella

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Cassia semifalcata

authorship: Vell.

Cassia verrucosa

authorship: Vogel

Chamaesenna multijuga

authorship: (Rich.) Pittier

Peiranisia aristulata

authorship: Britton & Killip

Peiranisia doylei

authorship: Britton & Rose

Peiranisia multijuga

authorship: (Rich.) Britton & Rose

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM ECU FRG GUY HON PAN PER SUR VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 176 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Enchenopa concolor
Enchenopa squamigera
Epicharis lunulata
Sapajus libidinosus
Tolype undulosa

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-nicaraguensis

scientific: Senna nicaraguensis

authorship: (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: nicaraguensis

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 463 (1982)

Cassia nicaraguensis

authorship: Benth.

Cassia seleriana

authorship: Harms

Chamaesenna nicaraguensis

authorship: (Benth.) Britton & Rose

codes: MXC MXG MXN MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

partners:
Centris trigonoides
Centris xochipillii
Exomalopsis limata
Frieseomelitta nigra
Lasioglossum aurora
Melissodes
Melissodes thelypodii
Plebeia frontalis

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 463


slug: senna-nitida

scientific: Senna nitida

authorship: (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: nitida

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 159 (1982)

preferred: hediondilla

Cassia antillana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Alain

codes: HAI LEE PUE WIN

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Windward Is.

code: WIN

lifeform: climber

value: vine

authors: (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 159


slug: senna-notabilis

scientific: Senna notabilis

authorship: (F.Muell.) Randell

epithet: notabilis

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 13: 6 (1990)

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 172 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Beetle Bush
Cockroach Bush

published_in: J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 13: 6


slug: senna-obtusifolia

scientific: Senna obtusifolia

authorship: (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: obtusifolia

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 252 (1982)

preferred: Chinese senna

english:
Chinese senna
Java-bean
arsenic weed
blunt-leaved senna
coffeeweed
foetid senna
sickle senna
sicklepod

Cassia obtusifolia

authorship: L.

Cassia rogeonii

authorship: Ghesq.

Cassia tora var. humilis

authorship: Pers.

authorship: Collad.

Cassia tora var. obtusifolia

authorship: (L.) Haines

Cassia toroides

authorship: Roxb.

authorship: Raf.

Emelista obtusifolia

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Senna tora var. obtusifolia

authorship: (L.) X.Y.Zhu

codes: FLA KTY MXI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSO OKL TEX AGE AGW BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS DOM ECU FRG GAL GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Kentucky

code: KTY

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Missouri

code: MSO

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1986 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Histamine

activities: Allergenic AntiMeniere's Antichilblain Antimigraine Bronchoconstrictor Bronchostimulant Cardiovascular Gastrostimulant

Chrysophanic-acid

activities: Antispasmodic Calcium-Antagonist Fungicide Keratitigenic Occuloirritant Pesticide

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
سنا صينية
قرن المنجل الأمريكي

names: Сенна туполистная

partners:
Dione galapagensis
Bombus impatiens
Thrinchostoma nachtigali

partners:
Centris tarsata
Myzinum
Xylocopa frontalis
Xylocopa hirsutissima
Xylocopa suspecta

partners:
Catopsilia pyranthe
Catopsilia scylla
Phoebis sennae
Vanduzea segmentata
Abaeis nicippe
Amsacta lactinea
Anabasis ochrodesma
Apis dorsata


slug: senna-occidentalis

scientific: Senna occidentalis

authorship: (L.) Link

epithet: occidentalis

preferred: septicweed

Cassia caroliniana

authorship: Walter

Cassia foetida

authorship: Willemet

Cassia glaucescens

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Cassia obliquifolia

authorship: Schrank

Cassia occidentalis

authorship: (L.) Rose

Cassia occidentalis var. arista

authorship: sensu Hassk., non DC.

Cassia occidentalis var. glabra

authorship: Vogel

Cassia plumieri

authorship: DC.

Ditramexa occidentalis

authorship: Britton & Rose

Ditremexa caroliniana

authorship: (Walter) Raf.

Ditremexa occidentalis

authorship: (L.) Britton & Rose

Senna andhrica

authorship: P.V.Ramana, J.Swamy & M.Ahmed.

Senna occidentalis var. andhrica

authorship: (P.V.Ramana, J.Swamy & M.Ahmed.) K.W.Jiang

Senna orientalis

authorship: Walp.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TRT URU VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Tannic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic AntiHIV Antianacarditic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Anticolitic Antidecubitic

names:
سنا القهوة
عشب القهوة

names: Сенна западная

names: Habuso オオハブソウ

partners:
Coleoptera
Euglossa cordata
Unidentified sp4 M_PL_035
Xylocopa darwini

partners:
Xylocopa frontalis
Xylocopa grisescens
Xylocopa hirsutissima
Xylocopa suspecta

partners:
Catopsilia pyranthe
Cuerna costalis
Homalodisca vitripennis
Oncometopia orbona
Catopsilia pomona pomona
Catopsilia scylla
Cepora boisduvaliana
Cryptophlebia ombrodelta

partners:
Babaco mosaic virus
Senna leaf curl virus
Senna mosaic virus


slug: senna-orcuttii

scientific: Senna orcuttii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: orcuttii

preferred: Orcutt's senna

source: usda

Cassia orcuttii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) B.L.Turner

codes: MXE NWM TEX

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

published_in: Phytologia 44: 500

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SEOR5


slug: senna-pachyrrhiza

scientific: Senna pachyrrhiza

authorship: (L.Bravo) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: pachyrrhiza

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 570 (1982)

Senna aphylla var. pendula

authorship: Robbiati & Fortunato

codes: AGE AGW

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

authors: (L.Bravo) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 570

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-pallida

scientific: Senna pallida

authorship: (Vahl) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: pallida

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 531 (1982)

Cassia acapulcensis

authorship: Kunth

Cassia biflora

authorship: L.

Cassia biflora var. angustisiliqua

authorship: Griseb.

Cassia discolor

authorship: Desv.

Cassia dispar

authorship: Willd.

Cassia foliolosa

authorship: Benth.

Cassia gaumeri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lundell

Cassia geminiflora

authorship: Collad.

Cassia gualanensis

authorship: Lundell

Cassia pallida

authorship: Vahl

Cassia pallidior

authorship: Rose

Cassia quiedondilla

authorship: Micheli

Cassia tenuissima

authorship: Sesse & Moc.

Cassia tortuosa

authorship: L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.

Cassia trichocraspedon

authorship: Sandwith

Cassia xiphoidea

authorship: Bertol.

Panisia biflora

authorship: Raf.

Peiranisia biflora

authorship: (L.) Pittier

Peiranisia deamii

authorship: Britton

Peiranisia foliolosa

authorship: (Benth.) Britton & Rose

Peiranisia quiedondilla

authorship: (Micheli) Britton & Rose

Peiranisia velutina

authorship: Britton & Killip

Senna galegifolia

authorship: (L.) Barneby & Lourteig

Senna pallida var. cordillerae

authorship: H.S.Irwin & Barneby

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BAH BLZ BZN CAY CLM COS CUB ELS GUA HON LEE NIC PAN PER SWC TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil North

code: BZN

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 593 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus mexicanus
Exomalopsis mellipes
Melipona beecheii
Xylocopa fimbriata
Xylocopa gualanensis
Centris aethyctera
Centris fuscata
Centris heithausi

partners:
Automeris rubrescens
Hylesia lineata
Phoebis sennae

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: senna-papillosa

scientific: Senna papillosa

authorship: (Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: papillosa

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 125 (1982)

Cassia papillosa

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Standl.

Chamaefistula curranii

authorship: Rose ex Britton & Killip

Chamaefistula fluviatilis

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Colombia

code: CLM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

partners:
Centris
Euglossa
Trachina
Trigona fulviventris

value: tree

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 125

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: senna-pendula

scientific: Senna pendula

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: pendula

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 378 (1982)

preferred: valamuerto

source: wikidata

Adipera indecora

authorship: (Kunth) Britton & Rose

Adipera ovalifolia

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Britton & Rose

Adipera stahlii

authorship: (Urb.) Britton & Rose

Cassia bicapsularis f. pilosa

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Cassia bicapsularis var. eriocarpa

authorship: Griseb.

Cassia bicapsularis var. indecora

authorship: (Kunth) Benth.

Cassia bicapsularis var. pubescens

authorship: Benth.

Cassia coluteoides

authorship: Collad.

Cassia dormiens

authorship: Vell.

Cassia edulis

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Cassia floribunda var. scandens

authorship: (Benth.) Lassen

Cassia indecora

authorship: Kunth

Cassia indecora var. advena

authorship: Willd. ex Vogel

Cassia indecora var. glabrata

authorship: Vogel

Cassia indecora var. pendula

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Vogel

Cassia manzanilloana

authorship: Rose

Cassia medellinensis

authorship: Posada-Ar.

Cassia ovalifolia

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Cassia pendula

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

Cassia pendula var. eriocarpa

authorship: (Griseb.) Lassen

Cassia pendula var. hemirostrata

authorship: Lassen

Cassia stahlii

authorship: Urb.

Cassia submontana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lundell

Chamaefistula indecora

authorship: (Kunth) G.Don

Chamaefistula pendula

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) G.Don

Senna pendula var. advena

authorship: (Willd. ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HAI HON NIC PAN PAR PER PUE TRT URU VEN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla bombiformis
Camponotus floridanus
Mischocyttarus mexicanus
Phoebis philea
Phoebis sennae

partners:
Bunyella dromedarius
Catopsilia pyranthe
Eupeodes americanus
Hylephila phyleus
Urbanus proteus

partners:
Eurema hecabe
Lampides boeticus
Sapajus cay
Strepera graculina
Thraupis sayaca

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: senna-petersiana

scientific: Senna petersiana

authorship: (Bolle) Lock

epithet: petersiana

Cassia delagoensis

authorship: Harv.

Cassia petersiana

authorship: Bolle

Cassia petersiana var. tomentosa

authorship: Baker f.

codes: CMN CAF SWZ ETH KEN NAT MDG MLW MOZ TVL RWA SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Eswatini

code: SWZ

region: Southern Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 228 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Dwarf Cassia
Eared Cassia

names: mukunda muremberembe

names: li-joyi lujoyi

names: nembelembe nenhenembe

names: uhwabile umnembenembe

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: senna-pilosior

scientific: Senna pilosior

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: pilosior

preferred: Trans-Pecos senna

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Trans-Pecos senna
Trans-Pecos wild sensitive plan

authors: (B.L.Rob. ex J.F.Macbr.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Phytologia 44(7): 500

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-pistaciifolia

scientific: Senna pistaciifolia

authorship: (Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: pistaciifolia

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 471 (1982)

Cassia applanata

authorship: Andersson

Cassia cuspidata

authorship: Willd.

Cassia fraxinifolia

authorship: Kunth

Cassia pearcei

authorship: Benth.

Chamaesenna colombiana

authorship: Britton & Killip

Chamaesenna pistaciifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Britton

codes: BOL CLM ECU GAL PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Galápagos

code: GAL

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

partners:
Bordoniana nigricosta
Bubalopa furcata
Icerya purchasi

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 471

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-polyantha

scientific: Senna polyantha

authorship: (Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: polyantha

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 448 (1982)

Cassia goldmanii

authorship: Rose

Cassia marginata

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Cassia polyantha

authorship: Collad.

Pterocassia goldmanii

authorship: (Rose) Britton & Rose

Pterocassia polyantha

authorship: (Collad.) Britton & Rose

Pterocassia rubricaulis

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: MXE MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Coll) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 448

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: senna-polyphylla

scientific: Senna polyphylla

authorship: (Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: polyphylla

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 517 (1982)

preferred: retama prieta

Cassia microphylla

authorship: Sesse & Moc.

Cassia polyphylla

authorship: Jacq.

Peiranisia polyphylla

authorship: (Jacq.) Britton & Rose

codes: MXE MXT MXS BZE BZL DOM HON LEE PUE VEN WIN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

region: Caribbean

Honduras

code: HON

region: Central America

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
retama prieta
desert senna

names:
Hediondilla
Retama enana del desierto

names: 多叶决明 多葉決明

partners:
Euthalia aconthea
Lampides boeticus

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil


slug: senna-pumilio

scientific: Senna pumilio

authorship: (A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

epithet: pumilio

preferred: dwarf senna

Tharpia pumilio

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton & Rose

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 247 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby