slug: xanthium-strumarium-l

scientific: Xanthium strumarium

authorship: L.

epithet: strumarium

preferred: rough cocklebur

english:
rough cocklebur
Canada cockleburr
Cockle bur
Rough cockleburr
Spiny cockleburr
cocklebur
kikania

Xanthium acerosum

authorship: Greene

Xanthium acutilobum

authorship: Millsp. & Sherff

Xanthium americanum

authorship: Walt.

authorship: Walter

Xanthium arenarium

authorship: Lasch

Xanthium barcinonense

authorship: Sennen

Xanthium brasilicum

authorship: Vell.

Xanthium brevirostre

authorship: Hochst.

Xanthium bubalocarpon

authorship: Bush

name: Xanthium californicum var. rotundifolium

Xanthium cavanillesii

authorship: Schouw

Xanthium chasei

authorship: Fernald

Xanthium chinense

authorship: Mill.

Xanthium commune

authorship: Britton

Xanthium cordifolium

authorship: Stokes

Xanthium cuneatum

authorship: Moench

Xanthium echinatum

authorship: Murray

Xanthium echinatum subsp. italicum

authorship: (Moretti) O.Bolòs & J.Vigo

authorship: (Moretti) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii

authorship: (Schouw) O.Bolòs & J.Vigo

authorship: (Schouw) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Xanthium echinellum

authorship: Greene ex Rydb.

Xanthium fuscescens

authorship: Jord. & Fourr.

Xanthium homothalamum

authorship: Spreng.

Xanthium inaequilaterum

authorship: DC.

Xanthium indicum

authorship: Klatt

authorship: J.Koenig ex Roxb.

Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum

authorship: (DC.) Miq.

Xanthium inflexum

authorship: Mack. & Bush

Xanthium italicum

authorship: Moretti

Xanthium macrocarpum var. italicum

authorship: (Moretti) Nyman

Xanthium mongolicum

authorship: Kitag.

Xanthium monoicum

authorship: Gilib.

Xanthium nigri

authorship: Ces.

Xanthium occidentale

authorship: Bertol.

Xanthium oligacanthum

authorship: Piper

Xanthium orientale

authorship: Blume

Xanthium orientale f. laciniatum

authorship: (Pouzolz) Thell. ex Widder

Xanthium orientale subsp. californicum

authorship: (Greene) Greuter

Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum

authorship: (Moretti) Greuter

Xanthium orientale subsp. saccharatum

authorship: (Wallr.) B.Bock

Xanthium orientale var. albinum

authorship: (Widder) Adema & M.T.Jansen

Xanthium pennsylvanicum

authorship: Gand.

Xanthium pungens var. cylindricum

authorship: (Millsp. & Sherff) Widder

Xanthium pungens var. globosum

authorship: (Shull) Widder

Xanthium riparium

authorship: Lasché

Xanthium saccharatum subsp. italicum

authorship: (Moretti) Hayek

Xanthium sibiricum

authorship: Patrin ex Widder

Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense

authorship: H.G.Hou & Y.T.Lu

Xanthium speciosum

authorship: Kearney

Xanthium sphaerocephalum

authorship: Salzm. ex Ball

Xanthium strumarium subsp. cavanillesii

authorship: (Schouw) D.Löve & Dans.

Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum

authorship: (Moretti) D.Löve

Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum

authorship: (Widder) Greuter

Xanthium strumarium var. arenarium

authorship: (Lasch) Uechtritz

name: Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterale

codes: ALG MOR AFG CHN CHC CHS EAI CHH CHI IRN LBS CHM MON NCS PAL CHQ SIN TZK TAI CHT TCS TKM TUR UZB CHX AND ASS CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP NCB PAK SRL THA WHM ALB BAL BUL COR CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR ARK FLA ILL KAN KTY MXG MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWY NCA ONT PEN QUE WIS DOM JAM LEE PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
خرق البحر
لزيق سلعي

names: Дурнишник обыкновенный

names:
Gemeine Spitzklette
Gewöhnliche Spitzklette

names: Нетреба звичайна

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena hesperia
Andrena livens
Andrena pellucens
Andrena rhenana
Colletes fodiens
Colletes similis
Dasypoda hirtipes

partners:
Burnsius communis
Leptotes marina
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Bombus centralis
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus huntii

partners:
Euaresta aequalis
Graphocephala coccinea
Hippodamia tredecimpunctata
Lygus lineolaris
Sciurus carolinensis
Systena blanda
Systena frontalis

partners:
Vanduzea triguttata
Adaina montanus
Agelaius phoeniceus
Aphis fabae
Calliphara nobilis
Carduelis carduelis
Cynthia cardui
Diabrotica undecimpunctata


slug: xanthium-strumarium-lour

authorship: Lour.

genus: Xanthium

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Flora Cochinchinensis 563 1790

source: inat

Xanthium antiquorum

authorship: Wallr.

Xanthium australe

authorship: Millsp. & Sherff

Xanthium brasilicum

authorship: Vell.

Xanthium californicum

authorship: Greene

Xanthium cavanillesii

authorship: Schouw

Xanthium echinatum subsp. italicum

authorship: (Moretti) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii

authorship: (Schouw) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Xanthium indicum

authorship: J.Koenig ex Roxb.

Xanthium italicum

authorship: Moretti

Xanthium macrocarpum var. italicum

authorship: (Moretti) Nyman

Xanthium orientale subsp. californicum

authorship: (Greene) Greuter

Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme

authorship: Widder

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Borad Cocklebur
Bur Weed

names: Abrojo Cadillo

names:
خرق البحر
لزيق سلعي

names: Abrolho Bardana-maior

names: Дурнишник обыкновенный

names: o-namomi オナモミ

names:
Glouteron
Grosse pagode

names:
Lappa minore
Nappola minore

names:
Büyük pıtrak
Pıtrak

names: Нетреба звичайна

names:
Cornuți
Scaietele popii

names: färggullfrö gullfrö

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: annual

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: xanthocephalum-gymnospermoides

scientific: Xanthocephalum gymnospermoides

authorship: (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f.

genus: Xanthocephalum

epithet: gymnospermoides

preferred: San Pedro matchweed

source: wikidata

Grindelia gymnospermoides

authorship: (A.Gray) Ruffin

Guenthera viscosa

authorship: Regel

name: Xanthocephalum gymnospermoides subsp. gymnospermoides

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXS TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

authors: (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: phenology

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthoceras-sorbifolium

scientific: Xanthoceras sorbifolium

authorship: Bunge

genus: Xanthoceras

epithet: sorbifolium

family: Sapindaceae

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 85 (1834)

preferred: Yellowhorn

english: Yellowhorn yellow-horn

codes: CHN CHS CHI KOR

China North-Central

code: CHN

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: temperate

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: 文冠果 文冠木

value: tree

value: woody

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Bunge

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. [A.A. von Bunge] 11

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: xanthocercis-zambesiaca

scientific: Xanthocercis zambesiaca

authorship: (Baker) Dumaz-le-Grand

genus: Xanthocercis

epithet: zambesiaca

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 99: 314 (1953)

preferred: nyala tree

Pseudocadia zambesiaca

authorship: (Baker) Harms

Sophora zambesiaca

authorship: Baker

codes: BOT MLW MOZ TVL ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
nyala tree
Mashatu Tree

names: hoenderspoor njalaboom

names: moladi motha

names: charro nchorro

partners:
Aepyceros melampus
Cephalophus natalensis
Charaxes achaemenes
Chlorocebus pygerythrus
Civettictis civetta
Genetta tigrina
Hippotragus niger
Hystrix africaeaustralis

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

authors: (Baker) Dumaz-le-Grand

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 99: 314

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthophyllum-flavescens

scientific: Xanthophyllum flavescens

authorship: Roxb.

genus: Xanthophyllum

epithet: flavescens

family: Polygalaceae

Banisteroides affine

authorship: (Korth. ex Miq.) Kuntze

Kaulfussia geminiflora

authorship: Dennst.

Xanthophyllum adenopodum

authorship: Miq.

Xanthophyllum affine

authorship: Korth. ex Miq.

Xanthophyllum angustifolium

authorship: Wight

Xanthophyllum floriferum

authorship: Elmer

Xanthophyllum geminiflorum

authorship: (Dennst.) Alston

Xanthophyllum glandulosum

authorship: Merr.

Xanthophyllum obliquum

authorship: Craib

Xanthophyllum pallidum

authorship: Ridl.

Xanthophyllum sarawakensis

authorship: Chodat

codes: CHC AND ASS BAN BOR CBD IND JAW LAO MLY MYA NCB PHI SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

climate: wet tropical

names: 泰国黄叶树 金毛狗脊

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthophyllum-octandrum

scientific: Xanthophyllum octandrum

authorship: (F.Muell.) Domin

epithet: octandrum

Banisterodes macintyrii

authorship: (F.Muell.) Kuntze

codes: NWG QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Queensland

code: QLD

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: berry

authors: Domin

published_in: Biblioth. Bot. lxxxix. 306 (1927)

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorhiza-simplicissima

scientific: Xanthorhiza simplicissima

authorship: Marshall

genus: Xanthorhiza

epithet: simplicissima

family: Ranunculaceae

preferred: Shrub Yellowroot

english:
Shrub Yellowroot
Shrubby Yellow-root
YELLOWROOT
Yellowroot
brook-feather
shrub yellowroot
yellowroot

Xanthorhiza apiifolia

authorship: L'Hér.

Xanthorhiza tinctoria

authorship: Woodh.

Zanthorhiza tinctoria

authorship: Woodf.

codes: ALA FLA GEO KTY LOU MAI MAS MSI NWH NWY NCA OHI SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1972 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Berberine

activities: (+)-Inotropic Abortifacient Adrenolytic Amebicide Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiacne

Oxyacanthine

activities: Antibacterial Anticarcinomic Antimalarial Antioxidant Antiplasmodial Calcium-Antagonist Choleretic Cytotoxic

Jatrorrhizine

activities: Antiinflammatory Antimalarial Antiphotooxidative Antiplasmodial CNS-Depressant CNS-Stimulant Enterotonic Fungicide

Magnoflorine

activities: Antibacterial Antineuromuscular Antispasmodic CNS-Depressant Curaroid Hypotensive PAF-Inhibitor Paralytic

Obamegine

activities: Antimalarial Hypotensive Pesticide Protisticide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
brook-feather
shrub yellowroot

names: Ксанториза простейшая

value: subshrub


slug: xanthorrhoea-arborea

scientific: Xanthorrhoea arborea

genus: Xanthorrhoea

epithet: arborea

family: Asphodelaceae

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 288 (1810)

New South Wales

code: NSW

lifeform: shrub

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 407 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

label: Life form

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 2 m

label: Flowering months

value: Jan-Apr

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 288

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-arenaria

scientific: Xanthorrhoea arenaria

epithet: arenaria

Tasmania

code: TAS

lifeform: perennial

value: hemicryptophyte

published_in: Fl. Australia 46: 225, 167


slug: xanthorrhoea-australis

scientific: Xanthorrhoea australis

epithet: australis

codes: NSW SOA TAS VIC

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 南方黄脂木 澳洲黄脂木

names: Ксанторрея австралийская

partners:
Dumbletoniella xanthorrhoeae
Rhachisphora franksae

value: 3 m

value: Jul-Dec


slug: xanthorrhoea-caespitosa

scientific: Xanthorrhoea caespitosa

epithet: caespitosa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 460 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Australia 46: 226, 167


slug: xanthorrhoea-concava

scientific: Xanthorrhoea concava

authorship: (A.T.Lee) D.J.Bedford

epithet: concava

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 177 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Oct-Dec

authors: (A.Lee) D.J.Bedford

published_in: Fl. Australia 46: 226

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-drummondii

scientific: Xanthorrhoea drummondii

authorship: Harv.

epithet: drummondii

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 7: 57 (1855)

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Harv.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 7: 57


slug: xanthorrhoea-fulva

scientific: Xanthorrhoea fulva

epithet: fulva

codes: NSW QLD

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 245 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-glauca

scientific: Xanthorrhoea glauca

epithet: glauca

codes: NSW QLD VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 375 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Blue Grasstree
Queensland Grasstree

partners:
Trichoglossus concinnus
Zanda funerea

value: 5 m

value: Sep-Dec

published_in: Fl. Australia 46: 226, 164

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-gracilis

scientific: Xanthorrhoea gracilis

authorship: Endl.

epithet: gracilis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 212 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: tree

authors: Endl.

published_in: Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2(1): 39


slug: xanthorrhoea-johnsonii

scientific: Xanthorrhoea johnsonii

epithet: johnsonii

published_in: Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4: 49 (1966)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 880 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ксанторрея Джонсона

partners:
Pteropus alecto
Pteropus poliocephalus
Pteropus scapulatus

partners:
Catopsilia pomona
Delias argenthona
Elodina parthia
Euploea corinna
Eurema herla
Hypocysta adiante
Hypolimnas bolina
Junonia villida

value: woody

value: Apr-Dec

published_in: Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4(1): 49

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-latifolia

scientific: Xanthorrhoea latifolia

epithet: latifolia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Acrobates frontalis
Myzomela sanguinolenta

published_in: Fl. Australia 46: 227

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-macronema

scientific: Xanthorrhoea macronema

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

epithet: macronema

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 541 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Jul-Jan

authors: Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: xanthorrhoea-malacophylla

scientific: Xanthorrhoea malacophylla

epithet: malacophylla

value: 6 m

value: May-Sep

published_in: Fl. Australia 46: 227, 164

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: xanthorrhoea-media

scientific: Xanthorrhoea media

epithet: media

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 233 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

value: chamaephyte

value: Aug-Mar

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-nana

scientific: Xanthorrhoea nana

epithet: nana

published_in: J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 7: 83 (1921)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

value: perennial

published_in: J. Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia vii. 83 (1921)

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-preissii

scientific: Xanthorrhoea preissii

epithet: preissii

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1483 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
草树
黑仔樹 草頭樹

partners:
Cryptobarsac rubriops
Trichoglossus moluccanus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

value: shrub

value: nanophanerophyte


slug: xanthorrhoea-pumilio

scientific: Xanthorrhoea pumilio

epithet: pumilio

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthorrhoea-quadrangulata

scientific: Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata

epithet: quadrangulata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 806 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 4(27): 111

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: xanthorrhoea-resinosa

scientific: Xanthorrhoea resinosa

authorship: Pers.

epithet: resinosa

Acoroides resinifera

authorship: Sol. ex Kite

Xanthorrhoea hastilis

authorship: Sm.

Xanthorrhoea resinifera

authorship: (Sol. ex Kite) E.C.Nelson & D.J.Bedford

codes: NSW VIC

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 361 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Pers.

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 370


slug: xanthorrhoea-semiplana

scientific: Xanthorrhoea semiplana

epithet: semiplana

codes: SOA VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1859 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 半面黃脂木 澳洲叢生草樹

partners:
Hemicriconemoides insignis
Hemicriconemoides minor

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller)


slug: xanthorrhoea-thorntonii

scientific: Xanthorrhoea thorntonii

authorship: Tate

epithet: thorntonii

published_in: Rep. Horn. Exped. C. Australia 3: 191 (1896)

codes: NTA SOA WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cundeelee Grass-tree
Desert Grass-tree

authors: Tate

published_in: Trans. Proc. & Rep. Roy. Soc. South Australia xix. (1895) 82, nomen


slug: xanthosia-atkinsoniana

scientific: Xanthosia atkinsoniana

genus: Xanthosia

epithet: atkinsoniana

family: Apiaceae

codes: NSW QLD VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 189 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: Sep-Apr

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 2(15): 127


slug: xanthosia-huegelii

scientific: Xanthosia huegelii

authorship: Steud.

epithet: huegelii

Leucolaena huegelii

authorship: Benth.

Xanthosia glabrata

authorship: Bunge

Xanthosia pusilla var. glabrata

authorship: (Bunge) Benth.

Xanthosia villosa

authorship: Turcz.

codes: SOA VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 431 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

authors: Steud.

published_in: Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2 2: 791; Bunge, in Lehm. Pl. Preiss. 1: 291


slug: xanthosia-pilosa

scientific: Xanthosia pilosa

authorship: Rudge

epithet: pilosa

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 301 (1811)

Xanthosia hirsuta

authorship: DC.

Xanthosia montana

authorship: Sieber ex DC.

Xanthosia pannosa

authorship: (Benth.) Steud.

Xanthosia pilosa var. glabra

authorship: C.Moore & Betche

Xanthosia pilosa var. longipes

authorship: Domin

Xanthosia pilosa var. montana

authorship: (DC.) Domin

Xanthosia pilosa var. pannosa

authorship: (Benth.) Domin

codes: NSW QLD SOA TAS VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1968 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Sep-Mar

authors: Rudge

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10(2): 301, t. 22, f. 1


slug: xanthosia-rotundifolia

scientific: Xanthosia rotundifolia

epithet: rotundifolia

Cruciella candida

authorship: Lesch.

Xanthosia rotundifolia var. hypoleuca

authorship: Diels

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 600 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: DC.

published_in: Collection de M?emoires 5


slug: xanthosia-scopulicola

scientific: Xanthosia scopulicola

authorship: J.M.Hart & Henwood

epithet: scopulicola

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Nov-Jan

authors: J.M.Hart & Henwood


slug: xanthosia-stellata

scientific: Xanthosia stellata

epithet: stellata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

value: Nov-Dec


slug: xanthosia-tasmanica

scientific: Xanthosia tasmanica

epithet: tasmanica

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 298 (1907)

codes: NSW SOA TAS VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Sep-May

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 298


slug: xanthosia-ternifolia

scientific: Xanthosia ternifolia

epithet: ternifolia

Xanthosia tasmanica

authorship: Gand.

codes: NSW TAS VIC WAU

value: Sep-Dec

published_in: Austral. Syst. Bot. 13(2): 256 (2000), nom. nov


slug: xanthosia-tomentosa

scientific: Xanthosia tomentosa

epithet: tomentosa

published_in: J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 50: 99 (1967)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Journ. Roy. Soc. W. Austral. l. 99 (1967)


slug: xanthosia-tridentata

scientific: Xanthosia tridentata

epithet: tridentata

Leucolaena tridentata

authorship: R.Br. ex DC.

codes: NSW TAS VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 350 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Aug-Apr

published_in: Prodr. 4: 75


slug: xanthosoma-crassilaminum

scientific: Xanthosoma crassilaminum

authorship: Croat & L.P.Hannon

genus: Xanthosoma

epithet: crassilaminum

family: Araceae

Ecuador

code: ECU

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

authors: Croat & L.P.Hannon

published_in: Aroideana 40(2): 135

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: xanthosoma-helleborifolium

scientific: Xanthosoma helleborifolium

authorship: (Jacq.) Schott

epithet: helleborifolium

preferred: belembe silvestre

Acontias plumieri

authorship: Schott

Acontias variegatus

authorship: (Desf.) Kunth

Arum helleborifolium

authorship: Jacq.

Arum sagittifolium

authorship: Link

Arum venosum

authorship: Balb. ex Engl.

Caladium hastifolium

authorship: Steud.

Caladium helleborifolium

authorship: (Jacq.) Vent.

Caladium variegatum

authorship: Desf.

Xanthosoma angustisectum

authorship: Engl.

name: Xanthosoma helleborifolium f. variegatum

authorship: (Desf.) Engl.

name: Xanthosoma helleborifolium var. angustisectum

authorship: (Engl.) Engl.

name: Xanthosoma helleborifolium var. weberbaueri

Xanthosoma plumieri

authorship: (Schott) Schott

Xanthosoma variegatum

authorship: (Desf.) Schott

codes: BZN BZC CLM COS ECU GUY PAN PER SUR VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: tuberous subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Machakuy manti
Mechacinendi

names: Ксантосома морозниколистная

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthosoma-mexicanum

scientific: Xanthosoma mexicanum

authorship: Liebm.

epithet: mexicanum

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn  1: 15 (1849)

Caladium holtonianum

authorship: (Schott) N.E.Br.

Caladium pilosum

authorship: (K.Koch & Augustin) N.E.Br.

Xanthosoma croatanum

authorship: L.D.Gómez & Gómez-Laur.

Xanthosoma pilosum

authorship: K.Koch & Augustin

codes: MXG MXS CLM COS HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Liebm.

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn (1849) 15

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthosoma-robustum

scientific: Xanthosoma robustum

authorship: Schott

epithet: robustum

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl.  3: 370 (1853)

preferred: capote

codes: IND MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS GUA HON NIC

India

code: IND

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1099 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
capote
elephant ear

names:
Colomo
Hoja elegante

names: Falsa-taioba Orelha-de-elefante

authors: Schott

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 370


slug: xanthosoma-sagittifolium

scientific: Xanthosoma sagittifolium

authorship: (L.) Schott

epithet: sagittifolium

preferred: arrowleaf elephant's ear

Alocasia alboviolacea

authorship: Veitch ex J.Dix

Alocasia talipan

authorship: Elmer ex Merr.

Arum nigrum

authorship: Vell.

Arum sagittifolium

authorship: L.

Arum xanthorrhizon

authorship: Jacq.

Caladium sagittifolium

authorship: (L.) Vent.

Caladium xanthorrhizon

authorship: (Jacq.) Willd.

Philodendron nigrum

authorship: Kunth

Xanthosoma atrovirens

authorship: K.Koch & C.D.Bouché

name: Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum

authorship: (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma edule

authorship: (G.Mey.) Schott

Xanthosoma nigrum

authorship: Stellfeld

Xanthosoma peregrinum

authorship: Griseb.

Xanthosoma poeppigii var. mafaffa

authorship: (Schott) J.F.Macbr.

Xanthosoma wallisii

authorship: Linden

Xanthosoma xanthorrhizon

authorship: (Jacq.) K.Koch

codes: BZN BZE CLM COS ECU PAN PER VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1282 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Calcium-oxalate

activities: Emetic Inflammatory Laxative Lithogenic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

names:
arrowleaf elephant's ear
Callaloo

names: Ancucha Camacho

names: 千年芋 紫柄芋

names: adão costela-de-adão

names: Tania Tania-Goldnarbe

names:
Chou caraïbe
Songe fleur, Tannia, Yautia

partners:
Tarophagus colocasiae
Eubulides taylori
Spodoptera ornithogalli

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthosoma-taioba

scientific: Xanthosoma taioba

epithet: taioba

codes: BZE BZS BZL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

value: geophyte

published_in: Aroideana 34: 21 (figs. 25–26)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthosoma-undipes

scientific: Xanthosoma undipes

authorship: (K.Koch & C.D.Bouché) K.Koch

epithet: undipes

published_in: Bonplandia (Hannover)  4: 4 (1856)

preferred: tall elephant's ear

Xanthosoma jacquinii

authorship: Schott

Xanthosoma sagittifolium

authorship: Liebm.

codes: MXS BLZ BOL BZN CLM COS DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

region: Caribbean

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 229 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tall elephant's ear
Mickey Mouse taro

names:
Camacho
Yautía Rascana

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthosoma-wendlandii

scientific: Xanthosoma wendlandii

authorship: (Schott) Standl.

epithet: wendlandii

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser.  18: 145 (1937)

Xanthosoma hoffmannii

authorship: (Schott) Schott

Xanthosoma pedatum

authorship: Hemsl.

codes: MXC MXG MXN MXT MXS COS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Schott) Standl.


slug: xanthostemon-aurantiacus

scientific: Xanthostemon aurantiacus

authorship: (Brongn. & Gris) Schltr.

genus: Xanthostemon

epithet: aurantiacus

family: Myrtaceae

Fremya aurantiaca

authorship: Brongn. & Gris

Salisia aurantiaca

authorship: (Brongn. & Gris) Pancher

New Caledonia

code: NWC

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 130 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schltr.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(1): 26

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthostemon-chrysanthus

scientific: Xanthostemon chrysanthus

authorship: (F.Muell.) Benth.

epithet: chrysanthus

preferred: golden penda

english:
golden penda
river penda

Nania chrysantha

authorship: (F.Muell.) Kuntze

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 254 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
golden penda
river penda

names: 金缨木 金蒲桃

names: Ксантостемон золотистый

partners:
Apis cerana
Pteropus alecto
Pteropus conspicillatus
Pteropus scapulatus
Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus
Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus
Vespa velutina
Zosterops japonicus simplex

partners:
Eonycteris spelaea
Pteropus alecto
Pteropus conspicillatus
Pteropus scapulatus
Syconycteris australis
Tirumala septentrionis
Trichoglossus moluccanus
Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

authors: (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 3: 268

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthostemon-oppositifolius

scientific: Xanthostemon oppositifolius

epithet: oppositifolius

published_in: Cat. Indig. Natur. Pl. Queensl. Add. : 109 (1890)

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Luya's Hardwood
Penda

published_in: Queensland Agric. J

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xanthostemon-whitei

scientific: Xanthostemon whitei

authorship: Gugerli

epithet: whitei

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France  81: 83 (1934)

preferred: Atherton Penda

english:
Atherton Penda
Red Penda

names:
Atherton Penda
Red Penda

authors: Gugerli

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 120: 83

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: xantolis-tomentosa

scientific: Xantolis tomentosa

authorship: Raf.

genus: Xantolis

family: Sapotaceae

published_in: Sylva Tellur. : 35 (1838)

Achras elengioides

authorship: Bedd.

Planchonella dongnaiensis

authorship: Pierre ex Dubard

Planchonella elengioides

authorship: Pierre

Pouteria dongnaiensis

authorship: (Pierre ex Dubard) Baehni

Pouteria tomentosa

authorship: (Roxb.) Baehni

Sapota armata

authorship: (Roth) A.DC.

Sideroxylon armatum

authorship: Roth

Sideroxylon dongnaiense

authorship: (Pierre ex Dubard) Pierre ex Lecomte

Sideroxylon tomentosum

authorship: Roxb.

Sideroxylon wightianum

authorship: Wall.

Xantolis dongnaiensis

authorship: (Pierre ex Dubard) Aubrév.

Xantolis tomentosa var. elengioides

authorship: (A.DC.) Vajr.

codes: CBD IND MYA SRL VIE

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Vietnam

code: VIE

partners:
Achaea serva
Chadisra bipars

value: evergreen

authors: (Roxb.) Raf.

published_in: Sylva Tellur. 36

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xenophyllum-crassum

scientific: Xenophyllum crassum

authorship: (S.F.Blake) V.A.Funk

genus: Xenophyllum

epithet: crassum

Werneria crassa subsp. orientalis

authorship: Cuatrec.

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

climate: montane tropical

authors: (S.F.Blake) V.A.Funk

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: xenophyllum-dactylophyllum

scientific: Xenophyllum dactylophyllum

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) V.A.Funk

epithet: dactylophyllum

Werneria dactylophylla f. glabriuscula

authorship: Rockh.

name: Werneria dactylophylla var. dactylophylla

name: Werneria dactylophylla var. glanduloso-denticulata

codes: BOL PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

authors: (Sch.Bip.) V.A.Funk


slug: xenophyllum-humile

scientific: Xenophyllum humile

authorship: (Kunth) V.A.Funk

epithet: humile

Oresigonia brevifolia

authorship: Willd. ex Rockh.

Werneria glandulosa

authorship: Klatt

Werneria humilis

authorship: Kunth

Werneria humilis f. articulata

authorship: (S.F.Blake) Rockh.

Werneria lehmannii

authorship: (S.F.Blake) Hieron.

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Kunth) V.A.Funk

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xenophyllum-incisum

scientific: Xenophyllum incisum

authorship: (Phil.) V.A.Funk

epithet: incisum

Werneria incisa

authorship: Phil.

codes: AGW BOL CLN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

value: shrub

value: perennial

authors: (Phil.) V.A.Funk

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: xenophyllum-poposum

scientific: Xenophyllum poposum

epithet: poposum

Werneria lorentziana

authorship: Hieron.

codes: AGW BOL CLN PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xenoscapa-fistulosa

scientific: Xenoscapa fistulosa

authorship: (Spreng. ex Klatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning

genus: Xenoscapa

epithet: fistulosa

family: Iridaceae

Anomatheca fistulosa

authorship: (Spreng. ex Klatt) Goldblatt

Lapeirousia fistulosa

authorship: (Spreng. ex Klatt) Baker

Ovieda fistulosa

authorship: Spreng. ex Klatt

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 136 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody


slug: xenoscapa-uliginosa

scientific: Xenoscapa uliginosa

authorship: Goldblatt & J.C.Manning

epithet: uliginosa

authors: Goldblatt & J.C.Manning

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: xenostegia-tridentata

scientific: Xenostegia tridentata

authorship: (L.) D.F.Austin & Staples

genus: Xenostegia

epithet: tridentata

family: Convolvulaceae

preferred: African morningvine

Convolvulus angustifolius

authorship: (Jacq.) Desr.

Convolvulus filicaulis

authorship: Vahl

Convolvulus oligodontus

authorship: Baker

Convolvulus simplex

authorship: Pers.

Convolvulus tridentatus

authorship: L.

Ipomoea angustifolia

authorship: Jacq.

Ipomoea blumei

authorship: (D.Dietr.) Steud.

Ipomoea filicaulis

authorship: (Vahl) Blume

Ipomoea hastata

authorship: Haines

Ipomoea laevigata

authorship: Sol. ex Benth.

Ipomoea tridentata

authorship: (L.) Roth

Merremia alatipes

authorship: Dammer ex Engl.

Merremia angustifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Hallier f.

Merremia angustifolia var. ambigua

authorship: Hallier f.

Merremia angustifolia var. pubescens

authorship: Rendle

Merremia oligodonta

authorship: (Baker) Hallier f.

Merremia tridentata

authorship: (L.) Hallier f.

Merremia tridentata subsp. angustifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Ooststr.

Merremia tridentata subsp. genuina

authorship: Ooststr.

Quamoclita denticulata

authorship: Raf.

name: Xenostegia tridentata subsp. angustifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) A.Meeuse

Xenostegia tridentata subsp. hastata

authorship: (Desr.) P.H.Hô

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPP CPV CAF CHA COM ZAI SWZ ETH OFS GAB GAM GHA GUI GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MLI MOZ NAM NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC CHS CHH SAU TAI ASS BAN BOR CBD XMS IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE NTA QLD WAU CRL

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 599 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African morningvine
Miniature Morning Glory

names: Ксеностегия трёхзубчатая

names: හීන් මදුවැල්


slug: xeranthemum-annuum

scientific: Xeranthemum annuum

authorship: L.

genus: Xeranthemum

epithet: annuum

Centaurea dubia

authorship: S.G.Gmel. ex Steud.

Xeranthemum annettae

authorship: Kalen.

Xeranthemum annuum subsp. annettae

authorship: (Kalen.) Holmboe

codes: IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS PAL TCS TKM TUR ALB BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM RUS TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

region: Middle Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1453 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Einjaehrige Spreublume
Einjaehrige Strohblume

names:
Xerantheme annuel
Xéranthème annuel

names: Безсмертки однорічні

names: papirblom papirblomst

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Andrena polita

partners:
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Aphis fabae
Liriomyza strigata
Longitarsus succineus
Lygus gemellatus
Oncotylus viridiflavus
Orthops kalmii
Thrips tabaci


slug: xeranthemum-cylindraceum

scientific: Xeranthemum cylindraceum

authorship: Sm.

epithet: cylindraceum

Xeroloma cylindracea

authorship: (Sm.) Chrtek & Chrtková

authorship: (Sm.) Holub

codes: MOR IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB BUL CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POR ROM SIC SPA SWI TUE UKR

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Germany

code: GER

Portugal

code: POR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 401 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 灰毛干花菊 灰毛菊

names: Xéranthème cylindracé, Xéranthème fétide, Xéranthème cylindrique

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens

label: Flower-visited by


slug: xeranthemum-inapertum

scientific: Xeranthemum inapertum

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: inapertum

Xeranthemum australe

authorship: Pomel

Xeranthemum foetidum

authorship: Moench

Xeranthemum inapertum var. australe

authorship: (Pomel) Batt. & Trab.

Xeranthemum inapertum var. reboudianum

authorship: Verl.

Xeranthemum modestum

authorship: Ball

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP IRN LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 255 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Geschlossene Strohblume
Walliser Spreublume

names:
Immortelle à fleurs fermées
Xerantheme ferme

label: Visited by

partners:
Ceratina cucurbitina
Melanargia galathea
Omocestus rufipes
Rhagonycha fulva
Sphaerophoria scripta
Thomisus onustus

partners:
Aphis craccivora
Liriomyza strigata
Uroleucon simile


slug: xerochrysum-alpinum

scientific: Xerochrysum alpinum

authorship: Paul G.Wilson

genus: Xerochrysum

epithet: alpinum

Tasmania

code: TAS

region: Australia

authors: Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 28: 36

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xerochrysum-bracteatum

scientific: Xerochrysum bracteatum

authorship: (Vent.) Tzvelev

epithet: bracteatum

preferred: bracted strawflower

Bracteantha bracteata

authorship: (Vent.) Anderb. & Haegi

Gnaphalium banksii

authorship: (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Sch.Bip.

Gnaphalium bicolor

authorship: (Lindl.) Sch.Bip.

Gnaphalium chrysanthum

authorship: (Pers.) Sch.Bip.

Gnaphalium glabratum

authorship: (DC.) Sch.Bip.

Gnaphalium papillosum

authorship: Poir.

Helichrysum bracteatum

authorship: (Vent.) Haw.

authorship: (Vent.) Andrews

Helichrysum chrysanthum

authorship: Pers.

Helichrysum lucidum

authorship: Henckel

Xeranthemum bracteatum

authorship: Vent.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 754 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bracted strawflower
Annual Everlasting-flower

names: 蜡菊 麦秆菊

names: flor-de-palha sempre-viva

names: Бессмертник прицветниковый

names: mugi-wara-giku ムギワラギク

names: jätte-eternell jätteeternell

names:
slaměnka listenatá
smil listenatý

names: Անթառամ ծաղկակիցավոր

partners:
Ancistrocerus
Anisynta monticolae
Apis mellifera
Atteva punctella
Augochlora pura
Augochloropsis viridula
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens

partners:
Polistes fuscatus
Scolia nobilitata
Synanthedon myopaeformis
Vespula pensylvanica

label: Eaten by

partners:
Anisynta monticolae
Ascotis selenaria
Asemosyrphus polygrammus
Euploea corinna
Megapeostus multiplex
Pseudoanthidium repetitum
Strymon melinus
Vanessa cardui

value: therophyte

value: 2 m

value: annual

label: Flower colour

value: orange

value: Jul

value: achene

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 27: 151 (1990):

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: xerochrysum-interiore

scientific: Xerochrysum interiore

epithet: interiore

codes: NTA SOA WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Nuytsia 28: 19

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xerochrysum-milliganii

scientific: Xerochrysum milliganii

authorship: (Hook.f.) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: milliganii

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Цмин Миллигана

authors: (Hook.f.) Paul G.Wilson


slug: xerochrysum-palustre

scientific: Xerochrysum palustre

authorship: (Flann) R.J.Bayer

epithet: palustre

name: Helichrysum acuminatum var. angustifolium

authorship: DC.

codes: TAS VIC

Victoria

code: VIC

label: Growth habit

value: herb

value: 1 m

value: Nov-Mar

authors: (Flann) R.J.Bayer


slug: xerochrysum-papillosum

scientific: Xerochrysum papillosum

authorship: (Labill.) R.J.Bayer

epithet: papillosum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life cycle

authors: (Labill.) R.J.Bayer


slug: xerochrysum-subundulatum

scientific: Xerochrysum subundulatum

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) R.J.Bayer

epithet: subundulatum

Bracteantha acuminata

authorship: (DC.) Anderb. & Haegi

Gnaphalium acuminatum

authorship: Link

codes: NSW QLD TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 548 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бессмертник почтиволнистый

label: Woodiness

authors: (Sch.Bip.) R.J.Bayer


slug: xerochrysum-viscosum

scientific: Xerochrysum viscosum

authorship: (DC.) R.J.Bayer

epithet: viscosum

Bracteantha viscosa

authorship: (Sieber ex DC.) Anderb. & Haegi

authorship: (Siebold ex DC.) Anderb. & Haegi ex Paul G.Wilson

Helichrysum viscosum

authorship: Sieber ex Spreng.

codes: NSW QLD VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Dindymus versicolor
Ocybadistes walkeri

partners:
Ancistrocerus gazella
Iridomyrmex purpureus
Jalmenus evagoras
Ocybadistes walkeri
Oncocoris geniculatus
Phalaenoides glycinae

partners:
Lasioglossum lanarium
Vanessa itea
Vanessa kershawi

authors: (DC.) R.J.Bayer


slug: xerophyllum-asphodeloides

scientific: Xerophyllum asphodeloides

authorship: (L.) Nutt.

genus: Xerophyllum

epithet: asphodeloides

family: Melanthiaceae

preferred: eastern turkeybeard

Helonias asphodeloides

authorship: L.

Helonias tenuifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Xerophyllum setifolium

authorship: Michx.

codes: ALA GEO KTY MRY NWJ NCA SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

New Jersey

code: NWJ

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 876 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
eastern turkeybeard
Turkey beard

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (L.) Nutt.

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 235


slug: xerophyllum-tenax

scientific: Xerophyllum tenax

authorship: (Pursh) Nutt.

epithet: tenax

preferred: common beargrass

english:
common beargrass
Basket-grass
Bear-grass
Beargrass
Western Turkeybeard
bear-grass

source: inat

Helonias tenax

authorship: Pursh

Melanthium spicatum

authorship: Walter

codes: ABT BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1951 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Basket-grass bear-grass

names: 旱叶草 熊尾草

names:
Herbe d'ours
xérophylle

partners:
Sericomyia chalcopyga
Conophorus
Cosmosalia chrysocoma
Diplotaxis
Eriozona
Eulonchus
Eupeodes aberrantis
Eupeodes lapponicus

partners:
Anastrangalia laetifica
Cosmosalia chrysocoma
Etorofus propinquus
Evodinus vancouveri
Holcostethus tristis
Ischnomera nigra
Proludius comes
Syrphus opinator

partners:
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Ursus arctos

label: Parasites

partners:
Cyrtoptyx bruchi
Epicatolaccus strobeliae

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

label: Growth form

value: Rhizomatous

label: Growth rate

value: rapid

value: deciduous


slug: xerophyta-adendorffii

scientific: Xerophyta adendorffii

authorship: Behnke

genus: Xerophyta

epithet: adendorffii

family: Velloziaceae

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

region: Southern Africa

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Behnke


slug: xerophyta-dasylirioides

scientific: Xerophyta dasylirioides

authorship: Baker

epithet: dasylirioides

Vellozia dasylirioides

authorship: (Baker) Poiss.

name: Xerophyta dasylirioides var. dasylirioides

Madagascar

code: MDG

partners:
Cleruchus nikaknet
Lasioglossum emirnense

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: subshrub

value: woody

value: chamaephyte

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

authors: Baker


slug: xerophyta-elegans

scientific: Xerophyta elegans

authorship: (Balf.) Baker

epithet: elegans

Barbacenia elegans

authorship: (Balf.) Pax

Hypoxis barbacenioides

authorship: Harv. ex Baker

Talbotia elegans

authorship: Balf.

Talbotiopsis elegans

authorship: (Balf.) L.B.Sm.

Vellozia elegans

authorship: (Balf.) Talbot ex Hook.f.

Vellozia elegans var. minor

authorship: (Baker) Baker

codes: NAT TVL

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

lifeform: lithophyte or epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: variable

label: Height

value: perennial


slug: xerophyta-humilis

scientific: Xerophyta humilis

authorship: (Baker) T.Durand & Schinz

epithet: humilis

Barbacenia humilis

authorship: (Baker) Burtt Davy

Barbacenia minuta

authorship: (Baker) Dinter

codes: ANG BOT SWZ ETH MOZ NAM TVL SUD ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ксерофита низкая

label: Life form

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: T.Durand & Schinz

published_in: Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 271

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xerophyta-rehmannii

scientific: Xerophyta rehmannii

epithet: rehmannii

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xerophyta-retinervis

scientific: Xerophyta retinervis

epithet: retinervis

preferred: black-stick lily

source: wikidata

Vellozia retinervis

authorship: (Baker) G.Nicholson

codes: BOT SWZ TVL

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1239 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
black-stick lily
Baboon's Tail

names: besembos bobbejaanstert

names: isigqumana isiphmba

partners:
Elginus theroni
Xerophytacolus claviverpus
Xerophytacolus tubuverpus
Edella clava

value: shrub

value: 2 m

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: xerophyta-schlechteri

scientific: Xerophyta schlechteri

authorship: (Baker) N.L.Menezes

epithet: schlechteri

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: BOT MOZ TVL ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

authors: (Baker) N.L.Menezes

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xerophyta-splendens

scientific: Xerophyta splendens

authorship: (Rendle) N.L.Menezes

epithet: splendens

Barbacenia splendens

authorship: (Rendle) Harms

Vellozia splendens

authorship: Rendle

Malawi

code: MLW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Giant Staghorn Grass
Malawi Monkeytail

source: GIFT

value: tree

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: (Rendle) N.L.Menezes

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: xerophyta-vallispongolana

scientific: Xerophyta vallispongolana

authorship: J.E.Burrows, S.M.Burrows & Behnke

epithet: vallispongolana

authors: J.E.Burrows, S.M.Burrows & Behnke


slug: xerophyta-viscosa

scientific: Xerophyta viscosa

authorship: Baker

epithet: viscosa

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

Lesotho

code: LES

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Small Blackstick Lily
Small Monkeytail

value: herb

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xestaea-lisianthoides

scientific: Xestaea lisianthoides

authorship: Griseb.

genus: Xestaea

epithet: lisianthoides

family: Gentianaceae

Deianira divaricata

authorship: Gardner ex Benth. & Hook.f.

Schultesia lisianthoides

authorship: (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

authors: Griseb.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ximenia-afra

scientific: Ximenia afra

authorship: Sond.

genus: Ximenia

epithet: afra

family: Olacaceae

preferred: large sourplum

Ximenia afra var. glabra

authorship: Cavaco & Keraudren

Ximenia americana var. caffra

authorship: (Sond.) Engl.

Ximenia americana var. tomentosa

authorship: Engl.

codes: ANG BOT BUR CPV COM SWZ ETH KEN NAT MDG MLW MOZ NAM TVL RWA SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 425 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Sond.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: ximenia-americana

scientific: Ximenia americana

authorship: L.

epithet: americana

preferred: tallow wood

Heymassoli inermis

authorship: Aubl.

Ximenia aculeata

authorship: Crantz

Ximenia americana f. inermis

authorship: (Aubl.) Engl.

Ximenia americana var. argentinensis

authorship: DeFilipps

Ximenia americana var. elliptica

authorship: Valeton

Ximenia americana var. inermis

authorship: Hochst.

Ximenia americana var. microphylla

authorship: Welw. ex Oliv.

Ximenia americana var. oblonga

authorship: DC.

Ximenia americana var. oxypyrena

authorship: Chiov.

Ximenia arborescens

authorship: Tussac ex Walp.

Ximenia gabonensis

authorship: Baill. ex Laness.

Ximenia laurina

authorship: Delile

Ximenia loranthifolia

authorship: Span.

Ximenia montana

authorship: Macfad.

Ximenia multiflora

authorship: Jacq.

Ximenia oblonga

authorship: Lam. ex Hemsl.

Ximenia rogersii

authorship: Burtt Davy

Ximenia russeliana

authorship: Wall.

Ximenia spinosa

authorship: (Aubl.) Lam. ex Forsyth f.

Ximenia subscandens

authorship: Griff.

Ziziphus littorea

authorship: Teijsm. ex Hassk.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN CMN CVI CPV CAF CHA CON ZAI DJI ERI SWZ ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MLW MLI MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHH AND BAN BIS BOR XMS CKI IND JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE QLD FLA MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS CRL COO FIJ LIN MRN MRS NWC NUE SAM SCI TOK TON TUA TUV VAN WAL AGE AGW BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PUE SUR TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Verde

code: CVI

region: Macaronesia

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ксимения американская

partners:
Apis mellifera
Agapostemon splendens
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Dielis plumipes
Dione vanillae
Lasioglossum tarponense
Megachile mendica
Parancistrocerus fulvipes rufovestis

partners:
Acharia stimulea
Axiocerses amanga
Broadleysaurus major
Bycanistes brevis
Cebus capucinus
Cercopithecus mitis
Civettictis civetta
Colius striatus


slug: ximenia-parviflora

scientific: Ximenia parviflora

authorship: Benth.

epithet: parviflora

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: Benth.

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 7

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xiphidium-caeruleum

scientific: Xiphidium caeruleum

authorship: Aubl.

genus: Xiphidium

epithet: caeruleum

family: Haemodoraceae

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 33 (1775)

preferred: angel hands

english:
angel hands
cola de paloma

Ixia xiphidium

authorship: Loefl.

Ornithogalum rubrum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex D.Don

Xiphidium albidum

authorship: Lam.

Xiphidium album

authorship: Willd.

Xiphidium caeruleum var. albidum

authorship: Backer

Xiphidium floribundum

authorship: Sw.

Xiphidium floribundum var. caeruleum

authorship: (Aubl.) Hook.f.

Xiphidium fockeanum

authorship: Miq.

Xiphidium giganteum

authorship: Lindl.

Xiphidium loeflingii

authorship: Mutis

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PER SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 662 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus minimus


slug: xiphotheca-canescens

scientific: Xiphotheca canescens

authorship: (Thunb.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk

genus: Xiphotheca

epithet: canescens

Hypocalyptus canescens

authorship: Thunb.

Podalyria canescens

authorship: (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

authors: (Thunb.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xiphotheca-elliptica

scientific: Xiphotheca elliptica

authorship: (DC.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk

epithet: elliptica

Amphithalea verticillata

authorship: (E.Mey.) Steud.

Priestleya elliptica

authorship: DC.

authors: (DC.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk


slug: xiphotheca-fruticosa

scientific: Xiphotheca fruticosa

authorship: (L.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk

epithet: fruticosa

Borbonia tomentosa

authorship: L.

Crotalaria tomentosa

authorship: (L.) Thunb.

Priestleya sieberi

authorship: Tausch

Xiphotheca tomentosa

authorship: (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 346 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk


slug: xiphotheca-guthriei

scientific: Xiphotheca guthriei

authorship: (L.Bolus) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk

epithet: guthriei

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.Bolus) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk


slug: xiphotheca-lanceolata

scientific: Xiphotheca lanceolata

authorship: (E.Mey.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

epithet: lanceolata

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. : 167 (1836)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 148 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Eckl. & Zeyh.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 2: 167


slug: xiphotheca-reflexa

scientific: Xiphotheca reflexa

epithet: reflexa

Priestleya reflexa

authorship: (Thunb.) Druce

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: xiphotheca-rosmarinifolia

scientific: Xiphotheca rosmarinifolia

epithet: rosmarinifolia


slug: xiphotheca-tecta

scientific: Xiphotheca tecta

epithet: tecta

Borbonia tecta

authorship: (Thunb.) Poir.

Priestleya polycarpa

authorship: Steud.

Priestleya rotundifolia

authorship: Walp.

Priestleya tecta

authorship: (Thunb.) DC.

Xiphotheca polycarpa

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xiquexique-gounellei

scientific: Xiquexique gounellei

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Lavor & Calvente

genus: Xiquexique

epithet: gounellei

family: Cactaceae

Cephalocereus gounellei

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose

Cephalocereus zehntneri

authorship: Britton & Rose

Cereus gounellei

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Luetzelb.

Cereus setosus

authorship: (Gürke) Vaupel

Cereus zehntneri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb.

Pilocereus gounellei

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.

Pilocereus gounellei var. zehntneri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Backeb.

Pilocereus setosus

authorship: Gürke

Pilosocereus gounellei

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Byles & G.D.Rowley

Pilosocereus gounellei subsp. zehntneri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Zappi

Pilosocereus gounellei var. zehntneri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Byles & G.D.Rowley

Pilosocereus superfloccosus

authorship: (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter

Pilosocereus zehntneri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter

Pseudopilocereus gounellei

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Buxb.

Pseudopilocereus superfloccosus

authorship: Buining & Brederoo

Pseudopilocereus zehntneri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) P.V.Heath

codes: BZE BZL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Alastrado Xique-xique

value: 4 m

label: Fruit type

value: berry

authors: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Lavor & Calvente

published_in: PlantNow 1(2): 63


slug: xiquexique-tuberculatus

scientific: Xiquexique tuberculatus

authorship: (Werderm.) Lavor & Calvente

epithet: tuberculatus

Pilocereus tuberculatus

authorship: Werderm.

Pilosocereus tuberculatus

authorship: (Werderm.) Byles & G.D.Rowley

Pseudopilocereus tuberculatus

authorship: (Werderm.) Buxb.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Mandacaru-de-Laco mandacaru-de-laço

value: 6 m

authors: (Werderm.) Lavor & Calvente

published_in: PlantNow 1(2): 64


slug: xylanche-himalaica

scientific: Xylanche himalaica

authorship: (Hook.f. & Thomson) Beck

genus: Xylanche

epithet: himalaica

family: Orobanchaceae

Boschniakia handelii

authorship: Beck

Boschniakia himalaica

authorship: Hook.f. & Thomson

Boschniakia kawakamii

authorship: Hayata

Xylanche kawakamii

authorship: (Hayata) Beck

codes: CHN CHC CHQ TAI CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

lifeform: holoparasite

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
丁座草
ding zuo cao

authors: Beck

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] iv.3b (1893) 132

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xylia-xylocarpa

scientific: Xylia xylocarpa

authorship: (Roxb.) W.Theob.

genus: Xylia

epithet: xylocarpa

family: Fabaceae

Acacia xylocarpa

authorship: (Roxb.) Willd.

Esclerona montana

authorship: Raf.

Inga dolabriformis

authorship: Graham

Inga xylocarpa

authorship: (Roxb.) DC.

Mimosa coorgensis

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wall.

Mimosa xylocarpa

authorship: Roxb.

Xylia dolabriformis

authorship: Benth.

Xylia kerrii

authorship: Craib & Hutch.

codes: ASS BAN CBD IND LAO MYA THA VIE

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Burma Ironwood
ironwood of Burma

names: 木荚豆 缅甸铁木

partners:
Aphaena pulchella pulchella
Achaea janata
Acytolepis puspa
Agrilus salweenensis
Arhopala amantes
Arhopala centaurus
Arhopala pseudocentaurus
Beara dichromella

value: Single Stem

authors: (Roxb.) W.Theob.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xylobium-elongatum

scientific: Xylobium elongatum

authorship: (Lindl. & Paxton) Hemsl.

genus: Xylobium

epithet: elongatum

family: Orchidaceae

Maxillaria elongata

authorship: Lindl. & Paxton

codes: MXG MXT MXS CLM COS ECU ELS GUA NIC PAN PER

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: pseudobulbous epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. iii. 252


slug: xylobium-leontoglossum-rolfe

scientific: Xylobium leontoglossum

authorship: Rolfe

epithet: leontoglossum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 130 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Rolfe

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 5: 458

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


authorship: (Rchb.f.) Benth. ex Rolfe

codes: CLM ECU PER VEN

Venezuela

code: VEN

authors: Benth. ex Rolfe


slug: xylocarpus-granatum

scientific: Xylocarpus granatum

genus: Xylocarpus

epithet: granatum

family: Meliaceae

published_in: Naturforscher (Halle) 20: 2 (1784)

preferred: Dhundal tree

Carapa caruosula

authorship: (Zoll. & Moritzi) Kurz

Carapa granatum

authorship: (J.Koenig) Alston

Carapa obovata

authorship: Blume

Granatum obovatum

authorship: Kuntze

Xylocarpus carnulosus

authorship: Zoll. & Moritzi

Xylocarpus minor

authorship: Ridl.

codes: ALD COM KEN NAT MDG MOZ SEY SOM TAN CHH AND BAN BIS BOR CBD IND JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE CRL FIJ NWC TON VAN

Aldabra

code: ALD

Comoros

code: COM

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

region: Southern Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Seychelles

code: SEY

Somalia

code: SOM

Tanzania

code: TAN

Hainan

code: CHH

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 408 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ксилокарпус гранатовый

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xylocarpus-moluccensis

scientific: Xylocarpus moluccensis

authorship: (Lam.) M.Roem.

epithet: moluccensis

published_in: Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 124 (1846)

preferred: Cedar mangrove

Carapa borneensis

authorship: Becc.

Carapa mekongensis

authorship: Pellegr.

Carapa moluccensis

authorship: Lam.

Carapa moluccensis var. gangetica

authorship: Prain

Granatum moluccense

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

Guarea oblongifolia

authorship: Griff.

Xylocarpus gangeticus

authorship: (Prain) C.E.Parkinson

Xylocarpus mekongensis

authorship: Pierre

codes: ALD COM KEN MDG MOZ SEY SOM TAN AND BAN BIS BOR CBD IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SUL SUM THA VIE QLD CRL FIJ MRN SAM TON VAN

Aldabra

code: ALD

Comoros

code: COM

Kenya

code: KEN

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Seychelles

code: SEY

Somalia

code: SOM

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Tanzania

code: TAN

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Arhopala micale
Cockerelliella psidii
Hypocala subsatura
Hypsipyla robusta

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xylocarpus-rumphii

scientific: Xylocarpus rumphii

authorship: (Kostel.) Mabb.

epithet: rumphii

published_in: Malaysian Forester 45: 450 (1982)

Carapa rumphii

authorship: Kostel.

Xylocarpus forstenii

authorship: Miq.

codes: MDG AND BIS BOR CBD JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE FIJ NWC TON VAN

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

Fiji

code: FIJ

region: Southwestern Pacific

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Tonga

code: TON

Vanuatu

code: VAN

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: xylococcus-bicolor

scientific: Xylococcus bicolor

authorship: Nutt.

genus: Xylococcus

epithet: bicolor

family: Ericaceae

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 8: 259 (1842)

preferred: mission manzanita

Arctostaphylos bicolor

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Gray

Arctostaphylos veatchii

authorship: Kellogg

Comarostaphylis bicolor

authorship: (Nutt.) Klotzsch

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena principalis
Bombus californicus
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Calypte anna
Chamaea fasciata
Copestylum avidum
Copestylum haagii

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 8: 259


slug: xylomelum-angustifolium

scientific: Xylomelum angustifolium

authorship: Kippist ex Meisn.

genus: Xylomelum

epithet: angustifolium

family: Proteaceae

Western Australia

code: WAU

region: Australia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Vulnerable

names:
sandplain woody pear
sandplain woody-pear

value: 7 m

authors: Kippist ex Meisn.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 209

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: xylomelum-occidentale

scientific: Xylomelum occidentale

epithet: occidentale

published_in: Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. : 31 (1830)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Western Woody Pear
western woody-pear

value: 8 m

published_in: Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 31

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: xylomelum-pyriforme

scientific: Xylomelum pyriforme

authorship: (Gaertn.) Knight

epithet: pyriforme

Banksia pyriformis

authorship: Gaertn.

Grevillea pyriformis

authorship: hort. ex Meisn.

Hakea pyriformis

authorship: Cav.

New South Wales

code: NSW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 939 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

value: follicle

authors: Knight

published_in: Cult. Prot. 105. 1809; R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. (1811) 189

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: xylomelum-salicinum

scientific: Xylomelum salicinum

authorship: A.Cunn. ex R.Br.

epithet: salicinum

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: A.Cunn. ex R.Br.


slug: xylonagra-arborea

scientific: Xylonagra arborea

authorship: (Kellogg) Donn.Sm. & Rose

genus: Xylonagra

epithet: arborea

family: Onagraceae

Hauya arborea

authorship: Curran

Hauya californica

authorship: Wats.

authors: Donn.Sm. & Rose

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 294


slug: xylopia-aromatica

scientific: Xylopia aromatica

authorship: (Lam.) Mart.

genus: Xylopia

epithet: aromatica

family: Annonaceae

Coelocline lucida

authorship: (DC.) A.DC.

Habzelia aromatica

authorship: (Lam.) A.DC.

Habzelia cubensis

authorship: A.DC. ex Steud.

Unona aromatica

authorship: (Lam.) Dunal

Unona cubensis

authorship: Steud.

Unona lucida

authorship: DC.

Unona xylopioides

authorship: Dunal

Uvaria aromatica

authorship: Lam.

Xylopia cubensis

authorship: (A.DC. ex Steud.) A.Rich.

Xylopia dunaliana

authorship: Planch. & Linden

authorship: L.Linden, Planch. & Sprague

Xylopia lucida

authorship: (DC.) Baill.

Xylopia xylopioides

authorship: (Dunal) Standl.

Xylopicrum aromaticum

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

Xylopicrum grandiflorum

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze

Xylopicrum longifolium

authorship: Kuntze

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB FRG GUY HON NIC PAN PAR PER SUR TRT VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Cuba

code: CUB

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

region: Southern South America

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 222 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: bananinha begerecum

partners:
Brotogeris chiriri
Cnemotriccus fuscatus
Dacnis cayana
Elaenia cristata
Elaenia flavogaster
Hemithraupis guira
Mimus saturninus
Pitangus sulphuratus

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.