slug: echinochloa-crus-galli

scientific: Echinochloa crus-galli

authorship: (L.) P.Beauv.

epithet: crus-galli

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. : 53 (1812)

preferred: barnyardgrass

english:
barnyardgrass
cockspur
Japanese millet

Digitaria hispidula

authorship: (Retz.) Willd.

Echinochloa caudata

authorship: Roshev.

Echinochloa crus-galli f. atra

authorship: (Kuntze) Soó

Echinochloa crus-galli f. breviseta

authorship: (Döll) Pinto de Silva

authorship: (Gaudin) P.Silva

Echinochloa crus-galli f. echinata

authorship: (Willd.) Morariu

Echinochloa crus-galli f. exigua

authorship: (Holuby) Soó

Echinochloa crus-galli f. longiseta

authorship: (Trin.) Farw.

Echinochloa crus-galli f. mitis

authorship: (Pursh) Farw.

Echinochloa crus-galli f. mixta

authorship: (A.F.Schwarz) Soó

Echinochloa crus-galli f. mutica

authorship: (Vasinger) Morariu

Echinochloa crus-galli f. rohlenae

authorship: (Domin) Soó

Echinochloa crus-galli f. submutica

authorship: (Neilr.) Morariu

Echinochloa crus-galli f. viridissima

authorship: (Honda) Kitag.

Echinochloa crus-galli f. zelayensis

authorship: (Kunth) Farw.

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. caudata

authorship: (Roshev.) Tzvelev

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. erecta

authorship: (Pollacci) Cif. & Giacom.

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. hispidula

authorship: (Retz.) Honda

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. spiralis

authorship: (Vasinger) Tzvelev

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. submutica

authorship: (Neilr.) Honda

name: Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. zelayensis

authorship: (Kunth) Shinners

Echinochloa crus-galli var. aristata

authorship: Gray

authorship: Honda

name: Echinochloa crus-galli var. austrojaponensis

authorship: Ohwi

Echinochloa crus-galli var. breviseta

authorship: (Gaudin) Neilr.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. caudata

authorship: (Roshev.) Kitag.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-corvi

authorship: (L.) Mathieu

Echinochloa crus-galli var. echinata

authorship: (Willd.) Honda

Echinochloa crus-galli var. longiseta

authorship: Podp.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis

authorship: (Pursh) Peterm.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. mucronata

authorship: Rchb.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. mutica

authorship: Rydb.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. pumila

authorship: Gruner

Echinochloa crus-galli var. submutica

authorship: Neilr.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. utilis

authorship: (Ohwi & Yabuno) Kit.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis

authorship: (Kunth) Hitchc.

name: Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. austrojaponensis

authorship: (Ohwi) S.L.Dai

Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. breviseta

authorship: (Gaudin) S.L.Dai

Echinochloa crusgalli var. breviseta

authorship: (Döll) Podp.

Echinochloa dubia

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Echinochloa echinata

authorship: (Willd.) Nakai

Echinochloa erecta

authorship: (Pollacci) Pignatti

Echinochloa esculenta

authorship: (A.Braun) H.Scholz

Echinochloa frumentacea subsp. utilis

authorship: (Ohwi & Yabuno) Tzvelev

Echinochloa glabrescens

authorship: Kossenko

Echinochloa hispida

authorship: (G.Forst.) Schult.

Echinochloa hispidula

authorship: (Retz.) Nees

Echinochloa macrocarpa var. aristata

authorship: Vasinger

Echinochloa macrocorvi

authorship: Nakai

Echinochloa madagascariensis

authorship: Mez

Echinochloa muricata var. occidentalis

authorship: Wiegand

Echinochloa occidentalis

authorship: (Wiegand) Rydb.

Echinochloa pungens var. occidentalis

authorship: (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom

Echinochloa spiralis var. leonovae

authorship: Tzvelev

Echinochloa tzvelevii

authorship: Mosyakin ex Mavrodiev & H.Scholz

Echinochloa utilis

authorship: Ohwi & Yabuno

Echinochloa zelayensis

authorship: (Kunth) Schult.

Echinochloa zenkowskii

authorship: Schltdl.

Ischaemum glabrescens

authorship: Ham. ex Hook.f.

Milium crus-galli

authorship: (L.) Moench

Oplismenus crus-corvi

authorship: (L.) Dumort.

Oplismenus crusgalli var. muticus

authorship: (Elliott) Alph.Wood

Oplismenus dubius

authorship: Kunth

Oplismenus echinatus

authorship: (Willd.) Kunth

Oplismenus hispidulus

authorship: (Retz.) Kunth

Orthopogon crus-galli

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

Orthopogon echinatus

authorship: (Willd.) Spreng.

Orthopogon retzii

authorship: Spreng.

Panicum alectromerum

authorship: Dulac

codes: ALG AZO BOT BKN CNY CPP EGY SWZ OFS IVO NAT LES LBY MDG MDR MLW MOR NAM TVL TAN TOG TUN UGA AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CYP EAI GST CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAM KAZ KZN KHA KGZ KOR KRA LBS CHM MON NNS NCS OGA PAL PRM CHQ SAK SAU TZK TAI CHT TCS TKM TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YEM AND ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM ALB BLR BUL RUC COR RUE FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG RUW POR ROM SIC RUS SPA TUE UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Laodelphax striatellus
Ustilago trichophora
Zyginidia scutellaris

partners:
Anas platyrhynchos
Caliscelis gissarica ferganensis
Caliscelis wallengreni
Chloriona unicolor
Doraturopsis heros
Elymana sulphurella
Paramesodes lineaticollis
Terthron albovittatum

partners: Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus

quote: Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta) is an introduced, annual, warm-season grass


slug: echinochloa-crus-pavonis

scientific: Echinochloa crus-pavonis

genus: Echinochloa

epithet: crus-pavonis

family: Poaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: gulf cockspur grass

source: wikidata

Echinochloa aristata

authorship: Raspail

Echinochloa composita

authorship: J.Presl ex Nees

Echinochloa crus-galli f. sabulicola

authorship: (Nees) Farw.

Echinochloa crus-galli f. sabulonum

authorship: Farw.

name: Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-pavonis

authorship: (Kunth) Hitchc.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. macra

authorship: (Wiegand) Shinners

name: Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. crus-pavonis

Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. macera

authorship: (Wiegand) Gould

Echinochloa kimayalaensis

authorship: Vanderyst

Echinochloa sabulicola

authorship: (Nees) Hitchc.

Echinochloa zelayensis var. macra

authorship: Wiegand

Oplismenus sabulicola

authorship: (Nees) Kunth

Panicum aristatum

authorship: Macfad.

Panicum colonum var. bussei

authorship: Peter

Panicum crus-pavonis

authorship: Nees

Panicum crus-pavonis var. rostratum

authorship: Stapf

Panicum horridum

authorship: Salzm. ex Steud.

Panicum jamaicense

authorship: (Kunth) Steud.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ANG BEN BOT BUR CMN CPP CAF CHA ZAI ETH GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN NAT LBR MLW NGR NGA RWA SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM CHN CHC CHS CHH AND ASS CBD IND MYA NCB VIE

Angola

code: ANG

continent: AFRICA

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Liberia

code: LBR

Malawi

code: MLW

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
gulf cockspur grass
: gulf cockspur grass

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: echinochloa-muricata

scientific: Echinochloa muricata

authorship: (P.Beauv.) Fernald

epithet: muricata

preferred: rough barnyardgrass

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. muricata

authorship: (P.Beauv.) Shinners

Echinochloa crus-galli var. michauxii

authorship: House

name: Echinochloa crus-galli var. microstachya

Echinochloa crus-galli var. muricata

authorship: (P.Beauv.) Farw.

Echinochloa microstachya

authorship: (Wiegand) Rydb.

name: Echinochloa muricata subsp. microstachya

authorship: (Wiegand) Jauzein

Echinochloa muricata var. wiegandii

authorship: (Fassett) Mohlenbr.

Echinochloa pungens

authorship: (Poir.) Rydb.

Echinochloa pungens var. coarctata

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Echinochloa pungens var. ludoviciana

authorship: (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom

Echinochloa pungens var. wiegandii

authorship: Fassett

Echinochloa wiegandii

authorship: (Fassett) McNeill & Dore

Oplismenus muricatus

authorship: Kunth

Panicum muricatum

authorship: Michx.

Panicum pungens

authorship: Poir.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALA ARI ARK CAL COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWM NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 345 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

names:
rough barnyardgrass
American Barnyard Grass

names: Ежовник мягкоигольчатый

partners:
Amblyscirtes nysa
Draeculacephala robinsoni

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinochloa-paludigena

scientific: Echinochloa paludigena

authorship: Wiegand

epithet: paludigena

preferred: Florida cockspur grass

lifeform: annual

climate: subtropical

license: CC-BY 4.0

names:
Florida cockspur grass
Florida barnyard grass

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: graminoid

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: herb

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: therophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: annual

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Wiegand

published_in: Rhodora 23: 64

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

field: care

field: toxicity

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: echinochloa-polystachya

scientific: Echinochloa polystachya

authorship: (Kunth) Hitchc.

epithet: polystachya

preferred: creeping river grass

name: Echinochloa polystachya var. polystachya

name: Echinochloa polystachya var. spectabilis

authorship: (Nees ex Trin.) Mart.Crov.

Echinochloa spectabile

authorship: Link

Echinochloa spectabilis

authorship: (Nees ex Trin.) Link

Oplismenus spectabilis

authorship: (Nees ex Trin.) Kunth

Orthopogon hirsutus

authorship: Spreng. ex Steud.

Panicum bonplandianum

authorship: Steud.

Panicum polystachyum

authorship: (Kunth) Steud.

Panicum spectabile

authorship: Nees ex Trin.

Pseudechinolaena spectabilis

authorship: (Nees ex Trin.) Herter

codes: FLA LOU MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS TEX AGE BLZ BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Astronotus ocellatus
Cichlasoma
Colossoma macropomum
Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus
Hypselecara temporalis
Mesonauta festivus
Mylossoma aureum
Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 135, fig. 26


slug: echinochloa-pyramidalis

scientific: Echinochloa pyramidalis

authorship: (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase

epithet: pyramidalis

preferred: Antelope Grass

english:
Antelope Grass
antelope grass

Echinochloa frumentacea var. violacea

authorship: Vanderyst

Echinochloa guadeloupensis

authorship: (Hack.) Wiegand

Echinochloa holubii

authorship: (Stapf) Stapf

Echinochloa pyramidalis f. decomposita

authorship: Chiov.

name: Echinochloa pyramidalis var. guadeloupensis

authorship: (Hack.) Stehlé

Echinochloa pyramidalis var. violacea

authorship: (Vanderyst) Vanderyst

Echinochloa quadrifaria

authorship: (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Chiov.

name: Echinochloa quadrifaria var. atroviolacea

authorship: (A.Rich.) Chiov.

Echinochloa senegalensis

authorship: Mez

Echinochloa verticillata

authorship: Berhaut

Panicum crus-galli var. molle

authorship: Peter

Panicum crus-galli var. polystachyum

authorship: Asch. & Schweinf.

Panicum crusgalli var. sphacelatum

authorship: Hack.

Panicum frumentaceum var. cuspidatum

authorship: Nees

Panicum hildebrandtii

authorship: Hack. ex T.Durand & Schinz

Panicum holubii

authorship: Stapf

Panicum pyramidale

authorship: Lam.

Panicum quadrifarium

authorship: Hochst.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPP CPV CAF CHA CON ZAI EGY SWZ ETH OFS GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT MDG MLW MLI MTN MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM OMA SAU

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: антилопова трева

partners:
Bos
Chilo zacconius
Lonchura cucullata
Trichechidae
Trichechus senegalensis


slug: echinochloa-stagnina

scientific: Echinochloa stagnina

authorship: (Retz.) P.Beauv.

epithet: stagnina

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. : 161 (1812)

preferred: hippo grass

Echinochloa barbata

authorship: Vanderyst

Echinochloa crus-galli var. sieberiana

authorship: (Asch. & Schweinf.) A.Chev.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. stolonifera

authorship: (Schweinf. & Muschl.) A.Chev.

name: Echinochloa crus-galli var. stoloniferum

Echinochloa hostii

authorship: Steven ex Link

Echinochloa lelievrei

authorship: (A.Chev.) Berhaut

Echinochloa oryzetorum

authorship: (A.Chev.) A.Chev.

Echinochloa scabra

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Oplismenus scaber

authorship: Kunth

Orthopogon stagninus

authorship: Spreng.

Panicum burgu var. submuticum

authorship: (Franch.) A.Chev.

Panicum crus-galli var. leiostachyum

authorship: Franch.

Panicum crus-galli var. stagninum

authorship: (Retz.) Trimen

authorship: Kuntze

Panicum crus-galli var. stoloniferum

authorship: Schweinf. & Muschl.

Panicum galli

authorship: Thunb.

Panicum scabrum subsp. stagninum

authorship: (Retz.) A.Chev.

Panicum sieberianum

authorship: (Asch. & Schweinf.) Sickenb.

Panicum stagninum

authorship: Retz.

Panicum stagninum var. burgu

authorship: (A.Chev.) Chev.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CAF CHA CON ZAI EGY ETH OFS GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN LES MDG MLW MLI MTN NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA REU SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM AND ASS BAN BOR IND JAW LAO MLY MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Chad

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

names: หญ้าข้าวนกใหญ่


slug: echinochloa-telmatophila

scientific: Echinochloa telmatophila

authorship: Michael & Vickery

epithet: telmatophila

codes: NSW NTA QLD WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

climate: seasonally dry tropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Height

category: Size

value: 2 m

authors: Michael & Vickery

published_in: Telopea 1(1): 44

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinochloa-walteri

scientific: Echinochloa walteri

authorship: (Pursh) A.Heller

epithet: walteri

preferred: coast cockspur grass

name: Echinochloa crus-galli subvar. laevigata

authorship: (Wiegand) Farw.

Echinochloa crus-galli var. hispida

authorship: (Elliott) Farw.

Echinochloa longiaristata

authorship: Nash

Echinochloa walteri f. breviseta

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Echinochloa walteri f. laevigata

authorship: Wiegand

Echinochloa walteri var. laevigata

authorship: (Wiegand) S.R.Hill

Oplismenus crus-galli var. hispidus

authorship: (Elliott) Alph.Wood

Orthopogon hispidus

authorship: (Elliott) Spreng.

Panicum crus-galli var. walteri

authorship: (Pursh) Farw.

Panicum crusgalli var. hispidum

authorship: Elliott

Panicum hirtellum

authorship: Walter

Panicum hispidum

authorship: (Elliott) Muhl.

Panicum longisetum

authorship: Torr.

Panicum walteri

authorship: Pursh

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LOU MRY MAS MXG MXE MXT MIC MIN MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS CAY CUB DOM ELS GUA HAI HON JAM

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 358 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
coast cockspur grass
Coast Barnyard Grass

names:
échinochloa de Walter
échinochloé de Walter

partners:
Aix sponsa
Anas fulvigula
Aythya collaris
Mareca strepera
Porzana carolina

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinocyathula-lanceolata

scientific: Echinocyathula lanceolata

authorship: (Schinz) Borsch, Di Vincenzo & Wondafr.

genus: Echinocyathula

epithet: lanceolata

family: Amaranthaceae

published_in: Willdenowia 56: 20. 2026

Cyathula crispa

authorship: Schinz

Cyathula deserti

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Suess.

Cyathula merkeri

authorship: Gilg

Cyathula merkeri var. strigosa

authorship: Suess.

Cyphocarpa kuehlweiniana

authorship: Peter

name: Cyphocarpa kuehlweiniana var. melanacantha

Pandiaka lanceolata

authorship: (Schinz) C.B.Clarke

Sericocomopsis lanceolata

authorship: (Schinz) Peter

Sericocomopsis lanceolata var. merkeri

authorship: (Gilg) Peter

codes: BOT OFS MOZ NAM TVL TAN ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

Free State

code: OFS

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: subshrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland


slug: echinocystis-lobata

scientific: Echinocystis lobata

authorship: (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray

genus: Echinocystis

epithet: lobata

family: Cucurbitaceae

preferred: prickly cucumber

english:
prickly cucumber
wild cucumber

source: inat

Echinocystis echinata

authorship: (Muhl.) Vassilcz.

authorship: Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

Hexameria echinata

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Micrampelis lobata

authorship: (Michx.) Greene

Momordica echinata

authorship: Muhl.

Sicyos lobatus

authorship: Michx.

codes: ABT ARI BRC COL CNT DEL WDC IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SDA UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
колючепло́дник ло́пастный
Бешеный огурец

names: Ехіноцистис шипуватий

names:
Ježasti krastavac
Jежасти краставац

partners:
Ancyloxypha numitor
Anoplius illinoensis
Anthocomus erichsoni
Anthrenus museorum
Apallates coxendix
Atrytone delaware
Calocoris rapidus
Centrias erigerontis

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Melissodes bimaculatus
Tachytes distinctus
Allograpta obliqua
Apis mellifera
Bombus griseocollis
Coleoptera
Danaus plexippus

partners:
Camponotus pennsylvanicus
Graphocephala coccinea
Merodon equestris
Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata
Toxomerus geminatus
Zethus spinipes variegatus

partners:
Poecile atricapillus
Anthocomus
Anthrenus
Chalcosyrphus nemorum
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Leucostoma
Linnaemya

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(3): 542

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: echinodiopsis-hispida

scientific: Echinodiopsis hispida

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt

genus: Echinodiopsis

epithet: hispida

family: Neckeraceae

Echinodium arboreum

authorship: Broth.

Echinodium falcatulum

authorship: Broth. & Paris

Echinodium hispidum

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Jur.

Hypnum aristatum

authorship: Sull.

Hypnum hispidum

authorship: Hook.f. & Wilson

Leskea hispida

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Mitt.

Sciaromium arboreum

authorship: (Broth.) Paris

Sciaromium hispidum

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Paris

Thamnobryum hispidum

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) M.Stech, Sim-Sim, Tangney & D.Quandt

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 357 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: echinodorus-berteroi

scientific: Echinodorus berteroi

authorship: (Spreng.) Fassett

genus: Echinodorus

epithet: berteroi

family: Alismataceae

preferred: upright burhead

Alisma berteroanum

authorship: Balb.

Alisma berteroi

authorship: Spreng.

Alisma macrophyllum var. minus

authorship: Seub.

Alisma rostratum

authorship: Nutt.

Alisma sprengelii

authorship: Rich. ex Kunth

Echinodorus berteroi subsp. patagonicus

authorship: (Speg.) Rataj

Echinodorus berteroi var. lanceolatus

authorship: (Engelm.) Fassett

authorship: (Engelm. ex S.Watson & Coult.) Fernald

Echinodorus cordifolius f. lanceolatus

authorship: (Engelm. ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult.) Fernald

name: Echinodorus cordifolius var. berteroanus

authorship: (Balb. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Griseb.

name: Echinodorus cordifolius var. lanceolatus

authorship: (Engelm. ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult.) Mack. & Bush

Echinodorus longilineatus

authorship: Rataj

Echinodorus patagonicus

authorship: Speg.

Echinodorus radicans

authorship: (Nutt.) Engelm. ex A.Gray

Echinodorus rostratus

authorship: (Nutt.) Engelm.

Echinodorus rostratus var. lanceolatus

authorship: Engelm. ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult.

Sagittaria rostrata

authorship: Kuntze

codes: ARK CAL FLA ILL IOW KAN KTY LOU MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSO NEB NEV NWM OHI OKL SDA TEN TEX UTA WIS AGS BAH BOL CUB DOM ECU GUY HAI JAM LEE NLA PAR PER PUE TCI VEN WIN

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

Florida

code: FLA

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Missouri

code: MSO

Nevada

code: NEV

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 598 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: echinolaena-inflexa

scientific: Echinolaena inflexa

authorship: (Poir.) Chase

genus: Echinolaena

epithet: inflexa

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 117 (1911)

Cenchrus inflexus

authorship: Poir.

Cenchrus marginalis

authorship: Rudge

Echinolaena hirta

authorship: Desv.

Echinolaena scabra

authorship: Kunth

Panicum echinolaena

authorship: Nees

Panicum echinolaena var. glabrum

authorship: Nees ex Döll

Panicum echinolaena var. pilosum

authorship: Döll

Panicum jacobinae

authorship: Steud.

Panicum marginale

authorship: (Rudge) Hack.

Pseudechinolaena inflexa

authorship: (Poir.) Pittier

codes: BOL BZE BZL BZC CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: perennial

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 168 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: capim-flexa capim-flexinha

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Chase

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 117

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinopepon-insularis

scientific: Echinopepon insularis

genus: Echinopepon

epithet: insularis

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 51 (1889)

Vaseyanthus insularis

authorship: (S.Watson) Rose

Vaseyanthus insularis var. originalis

authorship: Gentry

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

lifeform: climber

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 51


slug: echinopepon-minimus

scientific: Echinopepon minimus

authorship: (Kellogg) S.Watson

epithet: minimus

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 52 (1889)

Echinocystis minima

authorship: (Kellogg) Cogn.

Marah minima

authorship: Kellogg

Micrampelis minima

authorship: (Kellogg) Kuntze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Kellogg) S.Watson

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 52


slug: echinopepon-pubescens

scientific: Echinopepon pubescens

authorship: Rose

epithet: pubescens

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. v. 118.

Echinocystis floribunda

authorship: Cogn.

Echinocystis pubescens

authorship: (Benth.) Cogn.

Echinopepon floribundus

authorship: (Cogn.) Rose

Elaterium pubescens

authorship: Benth.

Micrampelis floribunda

authorship: (Cogn.) Kuntze

Micrampelis pubescens

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

authors: (Benth.) Rose

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 118

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinopepon-racemosus

scientific: Echinopepon racemosus

authorship: (Steud.) C.Jeffrey

epithet: racemosus

Echinocystis araneosa

authorship: Griseb.

Echinocystis macrocarpa

authorship: Britton

Echinocystis racemosa

authorship: (Steud.) Mart.Crov.

Echinopepon araneosus

authorship: Cogn. ex Harms

Echinopepon horridus

authorship: Naudin

Marah rusbyi

authorship: (Greene) Greene

Micrampelis araneosa

authorship: (Griseb.) Kuntze

Micrampelis rusbyi

authorship: Greene

Momordica muricata

authorship: Vell.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: climbing annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinopepon-wrightii

scientific: Echinopepon wrightii

authorship: (A.Gray) S.Watson

epithet: wrightii

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14: 158 (1887)

preferred: wild balsam apple

Echinocystis wrightii

authorship: (A.Gray) Cogn.

Micrampelis wrightii

authorship: (A.Gray) Kuntze

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM TEX BLZ COS GUA HON NIC

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wild balsam apple
wild balsam-apple

value: vine

authors: (A.Gray) S.Watson

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14(8): 158


slug: echinophora-sibthorpiana

scientific: Echinophora sibthorpiana

authorship: Guss.

genus: Echinophora

epithet: sibthorpiana

family: Apiaceae

published_in: Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl.: 69 (1832)

name: Echinophora tenuifolia subsp. sibthorpiana

authorship: (Guss.) Tutin

codes: AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB BUL GRC KRI KRY ROM TUE

Afghanistan

code: AFG

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: biennial or perennial

climate: temperate

names:
Sibthorp's Pickling Herb
Turkish Pickling Herb

names: Колюченосник Сибторпа

names: Колючконос Сібторпа

value: perennial

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Aug

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinophora-spinosa

scientific: Echinophora spinosa

authorship: L.

epithet: spinosa

Selinum spinosum

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

codes: ALG ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA YUG SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1072 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Prickly Samphire
Spinose Pickling Herb

names: Колюченосник колючий

names:
Panais épineux
Echinophore épineuse

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Athalia rosae
Camponotus lateralis
Campsomeriella thoracica
Chrysis mysticalis
Holopyga
Leptotes pirithous
Thyreus

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Ceylalictus variegatus
Eumenes mediterraneus

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

authors: L.


slug: echinopogon-caespitosus

scientific: Echinopogon caespitosus

genus: Echinopogon

epithet: caespitosus

name: Echinopogon caespitosus var. cunninghamii

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 312 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 4 m

published_in: Hooker's Icon. Pl. 33: sub t. 3261, p. 6


slug: echinopogon-nutans

scientific: Echinopogon nutans

epithet: nutans

codes: NWG NSW QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Papuasia

published_in: Hooker's Icon. Pl. 33: sub t. 3261, p. 4


slug: echinopogon-ovatus

scientific: Echinopogon ovatus

authorship: (G.Forst.) P.Beauv.

epithet: ovatus

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. : 42 (1812)

Cinna ovata

authorship: (G.Forst.) Kunth

Echinopogon asper

authorship: Trin.

Echinopogon novae-zelandiae

authorship: Gand.

Echinopogon sieberi

authorship: Steud.

codes: LSI NWG CTM NSW NZN NZS NFK QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

region: Malesia

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Norfolk Is.

code: NFK

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 753 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Hedgehog Grass
Hedgehog Grass

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. 42. t. 9


slug: echinops-armatus

scientific: Echinops armatus

authorship: Boiss. & Hausskn.

genus: Echinops

epithet: armatus

family: Asteraceae

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss. & Hausskn.

published_in: Fl. Orient. 3: 436

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinops-bannaticus

scientific: Echinops bannaticus

authorship: Rochel ex Schrad.

epithet: bannaticus

published_in: Blumenb. 48.

Echinops armatus

authorship: Steven

Echinops quercifolius

authorship: Freyn

Echinops rochelianus

authorship: Griseb.

codes: ALB BUL GRC KRY YUG ROM UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 617 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Blue Globe Thistle
Blue Globe-Thistle

names: 小蓝刺头 欧亚蓝刺头

names:
Banater Kugeldistel
Garten-Kugeldistel

names:
Boule azurée
Boule azuree

names: Flikplister Lavendel

names:
Blå tidselkugle
Fliget Tvetann

names: sinipallo-ohdake Liuskapeippi

names: Fliktvitann Raudtvitann

names: Akurtvítönn Flipatvítann

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lucorum
Bombus sylvestris
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Phytomyza bipunctata
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus rufocinctus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: Jun-Aug

authors: Rochel ex Schrad.

published_in: Blumenbachia 48

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: echinops-echinatus

scientific: Echinops echinatus

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: echinatus

codes: IND MYA PAK WHM

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 185 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

partners:
Apis dorsata
Utetheisa lotrix

authors: Roxb.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinops-erinaceus

scientific: Echinops erinaceus

authorship: Kit Tan

epithet: erinaceus

codes: GST OMA SAU YEM

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Oman

code: OMA

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

authors: Kit Tan

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: echinops-exaltatus

scientific: Echinops exaltatus

authorship: Schrad.

epithet: exaltatus

published_in: Hort. Gotting. 2: 15, t. 9.

preferred: tall globethistle

Echinops commutatus

authorship: Juratzka

Echinops eglandulosus

authorship: Schur

Echinops globifer

authorship: Janka

Echinops strictus

authorship: Fisch. ex Sims.

codes: ALB BUL ITA YUG ROM UKR

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 282 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tall globethistle
Globe Thistle

names:
Drüsenlose Kugeldistel
Hohe Kugeldistel

names:
Echinops de Hongrie
Echinops elance

names:
Cardo-pallottola semplice
Cardo-pallottola slanciato

names: Головатень високий

names: Balkanbolltistel Citronmeliss

names:
Almindelig Hjertespand
Citronmelisse

names: balkaninpallo-ohdake Hurtanminttu

names: Borremynte Løvehale

names:
ysgallen bengron
Ysgall Pengrwn

partners:
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lucorum
Amegilla albigena
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus vestalis
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus bohemicus

partners:
Phytomyza bipunctata
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Brachycaudus cardui
Brachycaudus helichrysi
Cassida vibex
Chlorophanus viridis

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinops-grijsii

scientific: Echinops grijsii

authorship: Hance

epithet: grijsii

Echinops cathayanus

authorship: Kitag.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHM TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Manchuria

code: CHM

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 华东蓝刺头 砂漏芦根

authors: Hance

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 5: 221

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinops-humilis

scientific: Echinops humilis

epithet: humilis

Echinops davuricus

authorship: Trevir.

Echinops davuricus var. angustilobus

authorship: DC.

Echinops eriophorus

authorship: Steven ex DC.

Echinops lanatus

authorship: Steph. ex DC.

codes: ALT KAZ MON TVA CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Мордовник низкий

value: Jul

published_in: Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl. 598

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinops-knorringianus

scientific: Echinops knorringianus

authorship: Iljin

epithet: knorringianus

published_in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. iii. 173 (1922).

codes: KGZ TZK UZB

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

region: Central Asia

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

names: Мордовник Кнорринг

value: Jun

authors: Iljin

published_in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 173

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: echinops-maracandicus

scientific: Echinops maracandicus

authorship: Bunge

epithet: maracandicus

published_in: Beitr. Fl. Russl. 175 (1852)

names: Мордовник самаркандский

value: 1 m

value: Jul-Aug

authors: Bunge

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 351

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: echinops-microcephalus

scientific: Echinops microcephalus

authorship: Sm.

epithet: microcephalus

Echinops dumosus

authorship: Pančić ex Hayek

codes: EAI TUR ALB BUL GRC YUG ROM TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

names: Мордовник мелкоголовый

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Apis mellifera
Exoprosopa onusta
Geron gibbosus
Halictus brunnescens
Heterocnemis graeca
Megachile
Nemognatha chrysomelina

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Apis mellifera
Polistes dominula
Scolia hirta
Bembix pallida
Bruchus
Ceratina acuta
Ceratina nigrolabiata

authors: Sm.

published_in: Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2(1): 209


slug: echinops-polyceras

scientific: Echinops polyceras

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: polyceras

codes: IRQ LBS PAL SAU

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: قنفذي متعدد القرون

names: Мордовник многорогий

names: קיפודן בלאנש

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 10: 85


slug: echinops-pungens

scientific: Echinops pungens

authorship: Trautv.

epithet: pungens

published_in: Diss. Echin. 18.

Echinops freynianus

authorship: Bornm.

Echinops raddeanus

authorship: Sommier & Levier

Echinops spinosissimus

authorship: Freyn

codes: IRN LBS PAL TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

names: Мордовник колючий

names: شکرتیغال سوزنی

authors: Trautv.

published_in: Echinope Gen. 18


slug: echinops-ritro

scientific: Echinops ritro

authorship: L.

epithet: ritro

preferred: Southern Globe Thistle

english:
Southern Globe Thistle
southern globethistle

Echinops sartorianus

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Echinops siculus

authorship: Strobl

Echinops tauricus

authorship: Willd. ex Ledeb.

Echinops tenuifolius

authorship: Fisch. ex Schkuhr

Echinops thracicus

authorship: Velen.

Echinops virgatus

authorship: Lam.

codes: ALT EAI IRN KAZ MON NCS TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL ROM SIC RUS SPA TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Mongolia

code: MON

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Albania

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1975 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Southern Globe Thistle
Southern Globethistle

names: Головатень російський

partners:
Adalia bipunctata
Amegilla albigena
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens

partners:
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aphis fabae
Brachycaudus cardui
Brachycaudus helichrysi
Calyciphora albodactylus
Cassida vibex


slug: echinops-sphaerocephalus

scientific: Echinops sphaerocephalus

epithet: sphaerocephalus

preferred: great globethistle

Echinops albidus

authorship: Boiss. & Spruner

Echinops altaicus

authorship: hort. ex DC.

Echinops cirsiifolius

authorship: (K.Koch) Grossh.

Echinops erevanensis

authorship: Mulk.

Echinops horridus

authorship: Link

Echinops macedonicus

authorship: Formánek

Echinops maximus

authorship: Siev.

authorship: Siev. ex Pall.

Echinops sphaerocephalus var. koelzii

authorship: (Rech.f.) Parsa

name: Echinops sphaerocephalus var. sphaerocephalus

Echinops viscosus

authorship: Rchb.

codes: ALT IRN KAZ KRA NCS SAU TCS TUR WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL ROM RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1976 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
great globethistle
Glandular Globe Thistle

names:
Drüsige Kugeldistel
Drüsenblättrige Kugeldistel

names:
Echinops a tete ronde
Echinops à tête ronde

names: Головатень круглоголовий

names:
Almindelig tidselkugle
Fligbladet tidselkugle

names:
Ysgall Pengrwn Chwarennog
Ysgallen Bengron Chwarennog

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Halictus scabiosae
Lasioglossum interruptum
Amegilla albigena
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia

partners:
Apis mellifera
Dolichovespula sylvestris
Halictus scabiosae
Halictus subauratus
Amata ragazzii
Aricia agestis
Bombus
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Dolycoris baccarum
Elasmotropis testacea
Halictus quadricinctus
Hipparchia fagi
Macrolophus pygmaeus
Oxythyrea funesta
Polistes dominula
Rhynocoris iracundus

partners:
Calyciphora albodactylus
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Bombus pascuorum
Brachycaudus cardui


slug: echinops-spinosissimus

scientific: Echinops spinosissimus

authorship: Turra

epithet: spinosissimus

published_in: Farset. Nov. Gen. 13.

Echinops bithynicus

authorship: Boiss.

Echinops bovei var. glabrescens

authorship: Emb. & Maire

Echinops bovei var. jallui

authorship: Maire

Echinops choetocephalus

authorship: Pomel

Echinops fontqueri

authorship: Pau

Echinops neumayeri

authorship: Vis.

Echinops sphaerocephalus

authorship: Sm.

Echinops spinosus

authorship: L.

Echinops spinosus subsp. bovei

authorship: (Boiss.) Murb.

Echinops spinosus subsp. fontqueri

authorship: (Pau) Valdés

Echinops spinosus var. chaetocephalus

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

Echinops spinosus var. fallax

authorship: Faure & Maire

Echinops spinosus var. fontqueri

authorship: (Pau) Maire

Echinops spinosus var. jallui

authorship: (Maire) Maire

Echinops spinosus var. macrochaetus

authorship: (Boiss.) Maire

Echinops spinosus var. mekinensis

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Maire

Echinops spinosus var. tmarae

authorship: Sauvage

Echinops tunetanus

authorship: Vahl ex Vitman

Echinops viscosus

authorship: DC.

codes: ALG CMN CHA EGY LBY MTN MOR TUN WSA CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN TUR YEM ALB GRC KRI YUG SIC TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Mauritania

code: MTN

region: West Tropical Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 728 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena morio
Bombylius posticus
Sceliphron destillatorium

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)


slug: echinops-strigosus

scientific: Echinops strigosus

epithet: strigosus

codes: ALG MOR TUN ITA POR SPA

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 366 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Rough-leaved Globe-thistle
rough-leaf globe thistle

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: echinopsis-aurea

scientific: Echinopsis aurea

authorship: Britton & Rose

genus: Echinopsis

epithet: aurea

family: Cactaceae

Echinopsis aurea var. albiflora

authorship: (Rausch) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis aurea var. catamarcensis

authorship: (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis aurea var. dobeana

authorship: (Dölz) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis aurea var. fallax

authorship: (Oehme) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis aurea var. quinensis

authorship: Rausch

Echinopsis cylindracea

authorship: (Backeb.) H.Friedrich

Echinopsis densispina f. leucomalla

authorship: (Wessner) Buining

Echinopsis dobeana

authorship: (Dölz) J.G.Lamb.

Echinopsis fallax

authorship: (Oehme) H.Friedrich

Echinopsis fallax var. albiflora

authorship: (Rausch) Lambinon

Echinopsis fallax var. catamarcensis

authorship: (F.Ritter) Lambinon

Echinopsis fallax var. cylindrica

authorship: (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb.

Echinopsis fallax var. shaferi

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lambinon

Echinopsis fallax var. tortuosa

authorship: (Rausch) J.G.Lamb.

Echinopsis leucomalla

authorship: (Wessner) H.Friedrich

Echinopsis quinesensis

authorship: (Rausch) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle

Hymenorebutia aurea

authorship: (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter

Hymenorebutia aurea var. cylindrica

authorship: (Backeb.) F.Ritter

name: Hymenorebutia aurea var. depressicostata

Hymenorebutia quinesensis

authorship: (Rausch) F.Ritter

Lobivia aurea

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Backeb.

Lobivia aurea subsp. fallax

authorship: (Oehme) Lodé

Lobivia aurea subsp. shaferi

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lodé

Lobivia aurea var. catamarcensis

authorship: (F.Ritter) Rausch

Lobivia aurea var. dobeana

authorship: (Dölz) Rausch

Lobivia aurea var. elegans

authorship: Backeb.

Lobivia aurea var. quinesensis

authorship: (Rausch) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley

Lobivia dobeana

authorship: Dölz

Lobivia fallax

authorship: Oehme

Lobivia famatimensis var. leucomalla

authorship: (Wessner) Backeb.

Lobivia leucomalla

authorship: Wessner

Lobivia shaferi f. cylindracea

authorship: (Backeb.) E.Herzog

Lobivia shaferi subsp. aurea

authorship: (Britton & Rose) E.Herzog

Lobivia shaferi subsp. fallax

authorship: (Oehme) E.Herzog

Lobivia shaferi subsp. leucomalla

authorship: (Wessner) E.Herzog

Lobivia shaferi var. albiflora

authorship: (Rausch) E.Herzog

Pseudolobivia aurea var. fallax

authorship: (Oehme) Backeb.

Salpingolobivia aurea

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Y.Itô

Salpingolobivia cylindrica

authorship: (Backeb.) Y.Itô

name: Salpingolobivia spinosissima var. rubriflora

codes: AGE AGW

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern


slug: echinopsis-oxygona

scientific: Echinopsis oxygona

authorship: (Link) Zucc. ex Pfeiff.

epithet: oxygona

published_in: Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2(1): t. 4. 1845.

Cereus decaisneanus

authorship: (Lem.) Mottet

Cereus eyriesii

authorship: Pfeiff.

authorship: (Turpin) Pfeiff.

authorship: (Turpin) Otto

Cereus geminatus

authorship: Otto ex Pfeiff.

Cereus oxygonus

authorship: (Link) Otto

Echinocactus boutillieri

authorship: Parm. ex Pfeiff.

Echinocactus decaisneanus

authorship: (Lem.) Steud.

Echinocactus eyriesii

authorship: Turpin

Echinocactus eyriesii var. glaucus

authorship: Lindl.

Echinocactus gemmatus

authorship: Otto

Echinocactus multiplex

authorship: Hort. ex Pfeiff.

Echinocactus oxygonus

authorship: Link

Echinonyctanthus decaisneanus

authorship: Lem.

Echinonyctanthus multiplex

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Lem.

Echinonyctanthus oxygonus

authorship: (Otto) Lem.

Echinopsis brasiliensis

authorship: Frič ex Pazout

Echinopsis decaisniana

authorship: (Lem.) Walp.

Echinopsis derenbergii

authorship: Frič

Echinopsis eyriesii

authorship: (Turpin) Zucc.

authorship: (Turpin) Pfeiff. & Otto

Echinopsis eyriesii var. duvallii

authorship: Schelle

Echinopsis eyriesii var. rosea

authorship: Link ex Schelle

Echinopsis eyriesii var. schelhasii

authorship: (Pfeiff. & Otto) P.Fourn.

Echinopsis eyriesii var. tettavii

authorship: Jacobi

Echinopsis gemmata var. decaisneana

authorship: (Lem.) Schelle

Echinopsis gemmata var. schelhasii

authorship: (Pfeiff. & Otto) Schelle

Echinopsis multiplex

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Zucc.

authorship: Pfeiff. & Otto

Echinopsis multiplex var. monstrosa

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Gürke

Echinopsis oxygona

authorship: (Link) Zucc.

Echinopsis oxygona f. brasiliensis

authorship: (Frič ex Pazout) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis oxygona f. grandiflora

authorship: (Rud.Mey.) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis oxygona f. multiplex

authorship: (Pfeiff.) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis oxygona f. werdermannii

authorship: (Frič ex Fleisch.) J.Ullmann

Echinopsis oxygona var. turbinata

authorship: Mittler ex Labour.

Echinopsis paraguayensis

authorship: Mundt

authorship: Mundt ex F.Ritter

Echinopsis pudantii

authorship: Pfersdorf ex Roth

Echinopsis tettavii

authorship: Kratz

Echinopsis werdermannii

authorship: Frič ex Fleisch.

Rebutia multiplex

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Roeder

codes: AGE BZS PAR URU

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 178 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pink Easter-lily cactus
red Easter-lily cactus

names: 短毛丸 旺盛丸

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinopterys-eglandulosa

scientific: Echinopterys eglandulosa

authorship: (A.Juss.) Small

genus: Echinopterys

epithet: eglandulosa

family: Malpighiaceae

Coelostylis glandulosa

authorship: Kuntze

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: liana

value: woody

authors: (A.Juss.) Small

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echinospartum-horridum

scientific: Echinospartum horridum

authorship: (Vahl) Rothm.

genus: Echinospartum

epithet: horridum

family: Fabaceae

Cytisanthus horridus

authorship: (Vahl) Gams

Cytisus tragacanthaeformis

authorship: Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange

Echinospartum lugdunense

authorship: (Jord.) Fourr.

Genista cosoniaca

authorship: Bernardin ex Gand.

Genista erinacea

authorship: Gilib.

Genista horrida

authorship: (Vahl) DC.

Genista horrida f. erinacea

authorship: (Gilib.) Rouy

Genista horrida prol. erinacea

authorship: Rouy

Genista lugdunensis

authorship: Jord.

Lygoplis horridum

authorship: (Vahl) Raf.

Spartium horridum

authorship: Vahl

Spartium radiatum

authorship: Vill.

Telinaria horrida

authorship: (Vahl) C.Presl

codes: FRA SPA

France

code: FRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 265 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Эхиноспартум устрашающий

names:
Genêt hérissé
Genêt très épineux, Genêt-hérisson

value: subshrub

authors: (Vahl) Rothm.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. lxxii. 80 (1941)


slug: echinospartum-ibericum

scientific: Echinospartum ibericum

authorship: Rivas Mart., Sánchez Mata & Sancho

epithet: ibericum

Echinospartum algibicum

authorship: Talavera & Aparicio

name: Echinospartum barnadesii subsp. dorsisericeum

name: Echinospartum ibericum subsp. pulviniformis

authorship: (Rivas Mart.) Rivas Mart.

name: Echinospartum lusitanicum f. pulviniformis

authorship: Rivas Mart.

Genista iberica

authorship: (Rivas Mart., Sánchez Mata & Sancho) B.Bock

Genista lusitanica var. erinacea

authorship: Pau

codes: POR SPA

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 145 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Rivas Mart., Sánchez Mata & Sancho

published_in: Lazaroa 7: 111


slug: echinostephia-aculeata

scientific: Echinostephia aculeata

authorship: (F.M.Bailey) Domin

genus: Echinostephia

epithet: aculeata

family: Menispermaceae

Queensland

code: QLD

region: Australia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 233 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Fruit type

value: drupe

authors: (F.M.Bailey) Domin

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echiochilon-chazaliei

scientific: Echiochilon chazaliei

authorship: (H.Boissieu) I.M.Johnst.

genus: Echiochilon

epithet: chazaliei

family: Boraginaceae

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 50 (1924)

Echiochilopsis caerulea

authorship: Caball.

Leurocline chazaliei

authorship: (Boissieu) Bonnet ex A.Chev.

Leurocline mauritanica

authorship: Bonnet

codes: MTN MOR WSA

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Western Sahara

code: WSA

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 50


slug: echiostachys-ecklonianus

scientific: Echiostachys ecklonianus

authorship: (DC.) Levyns

genus: Echiostachys

epithet: ecklonianus

Echium ecklonianum

authorship: DC.

Echium galpinii

authorship: (C.H.Wright) I.M.Johnst.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (DC.) Levyns

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 49: 448

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echiostachys-incanus

scientific: Echiostachys incanus

authorship: (Thunb.) Levyns

epithet: incanus

Echium incanum

authorship: Thunb.

Echium splendens

authorship: (H.Buek) DC. & A.DC.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 259 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: variable

authors: (Thunb.) Levyns

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 49: 446


slug: echites-panduratus

scientific: Echites panduratus

genus: Echites

epithet: panduratus

family: Apocynaceae

preferred: fernaldia

source: usda

Amblyanthera pandurata

authorship: (A.DC.) Müll.Arg.

Angadenia pandurata

authorship: (A.DC.) Miers

Echites barbatus

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Echites pinguifolius

authorship: Standl.

Fernaldia brachypharynx

authorship: Woodson

Fernaldia glabra

authorship: (Molina) Lundell

Fernaldia pandurata

authorship: (A.DC.) Woodson

Mandevilla potosina

authorship: Brandegee

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol FEBR5

license: public domain

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echites-umbellatus

scientific: Echites umbellatus

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: umbellatus

preferred: devil's potato

Apocynum obliquum

authorship: Mill.

Echites echites

authorship: Britton ex Small

Echites littoreus

authorship: Kunth

Echites longiflorus

authorship: (Griseb.) Miers

Echites obliquus

authorship: (Mill.) Miers

Echites ovatus

authorship: Miers

Echites umbellatus subsp. crassipes

authorship: (A.Rich.) Borhidi & O.Muñiz

Echites umbellatus var. crassipes

authorship: (A.Rich.) M.Gómez

Echites umbellatus var. longiflorus

authorship: Griseb.

Rhodocalyx crassipes

authorship: (A.Rich.) Miers

Tabernaemontana echites

authorship: L.

codes: FLA MXT BAH BLZ CAY CUB DOM HAI HON JAM LEE SWC TCI

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 549 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
devil's potato
Rubbervine

partners:
Asbolis capucinus
Manduca quinquemaculatus

value: vine

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: echites-yucatanensis

scientific: Echites yucatanensis

authorship: Millsp. ex Standl.

epithet: yucatanensis

published_in: Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 35 (1930)

codes: MXT MXS BLZ ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: climbing subshrub

value: chamaephyte

authors: Millsp. ex Standl.

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 35

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: echium-acanthocarpum

scientific: Echium acanthocarpum

authorship: Svent.

genus: Echium

epithet: acanthocarpum

published_in: Index Seminum (Agron. Invest. Nat. Hispan. Inst.) 4: 46 (1968 publ. 1969)

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

names:
Taginaste gomero
Tajinaste azul de La Gomera

names: Синяк колючеплодный

value: 2 m

value: perennial

label: Flower colour

value: blue

value: Jan-Mar

value: achene

authors: Svent.

published_in: Index Seminum Hortus Acclim. Pl. Arautap. 46 (-47)

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-aculeatum

scientific: Echium aculeatum

authorship: Poir.

epithet: aculeatum

Echium armatum

authorship: Mass ex C.Sm.sec DC.

Echium giganteum f. aculeata

authorship: (Poir.) Coincy

Echium giganteum var. aculeata

authorship: (Poir.) Bornm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Синяк шиповатый

partners:
Amegilla
Amegilla canifrons
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora alluardii
Apis mellifera
Camponotus rufoglaucus
Eucera gracilipes

value: white

value: Feb-May

authors: Poir.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 8: 664

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: echium-albicans

scientific: Echium albicans

authorship: Lag. & Rod.

epithet: albicans

Echium fruticescens

authorship: Coincy

Echium mertensii

authorship: Lehm.

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Lag. & Rod.

published_in: Anales Ci. Nat. v. (1802) 269

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: echium-angustifolium

scientific: Echium angustifolium

authorship: Mill.

epithet: angustifolium

Echium diffusum

authorship: Sm.

Echium distachyum

authorship: Viv.

Echium expansum

authorship: Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.

Echium longifolium

authorship: hort. ex DC.

Echium prostratum

authorship: Delile

Echium sericeum

authorship: Vahl

Echium sericeum subsp. halacsyi

authorship: Holmboe

Echium setosum

authorship: Bory & Chaub.

Echium sibthorpii

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

codes: CHA EGY LBY TUN CYP EAI KUW LBS PAL SIN TUR GRC KRI

Chad

code: CHA

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Kuwait

code: KUW

region: Arabian Peninsula

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1004 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Apis mellifera
Halictus cephalicus
Hylaeus signatus
Lasioglossum malachurum
Megachile
Megachile pyrenaica
Pontia daplidice

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Andrena pilipes
Anthidium florentinum
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Halictus cephalicus
Hoplitis

value: therophyte


slug: echium-arenarium

scientific: Echium arenarium

authorship: Guss.

epithet: arenarium

published_in: Index Seminum (Boccadifalco) 1825: 5 (1825)

Echium delileanum

authorship: Lojac.

Echium prostratum

authorship: Sieber ex DC.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI BAL FRA GRC ITA KRI SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Sicilia

code: SIC

lifeform: biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Синяк песчаный

value: hemicryptophyte

value: annual

authors: Guss.

published_in: Index Seminum [Boccadifalco] (1825); Pl. Rar. 88. t. 17


slug: echium-asperrimum

scientific: Echium asperrimum

authorship: Lam.

epithet: asperrimum

Echium hispidissimum

authorship: Litard.

Echium italicum subsp. pyrenaicum

authorship: Rouy

Echium paniculatum

authorship: Lag.

Echium pyrenaicum

authorship: Desf.

Isoplesion pyrenaicum

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL FRA ITA SAR SPA

Algeria

region: Northern Africa

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 680 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Синяк шершавейший

names: Vipérine très rude, Vipérine des Pyrénées

value: biennial

authors: Lam.

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. i. 412; Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 135


slug: echium-bonnetii

scientific: Echium bonnetii

authorship: Coincy

epithet: bonnetii

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2: 748 (1902)

Echium bonnetii f. pachycaulon

authorship: (Lems & Holzapfel) Bramwell

Echium bonnetii var. fuerteventurae

authorship: (Lems & Holzapjel) Bramwell

Echium bonnetii var. pachycaulon

authorship: Lems & Holzapfel

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 200 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora orotavae
Eucera gracilipes
Gallotia galloti
Lasioglossum evylaeus

partners:
Danaus chrysippus
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora orotavae
Eucera gracilipes
Gallotia galloti

value: Dec-Apr

authors: Coincy

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. II. ii. 748


slug: echium-brevirame

scientific: Echium brevirame

authorship: Sprague & Hutch.

epithet: brevirame

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 121 (1914)

Echium aculeatum var. leucophaeum

authorship: Bornm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Arrebol
tajinaste blanco de La Palma

partners:
Anthophora alluaudi
Bombus ruderatus

value: shrub

value: woody

value: Feb-Apr

authors: Sprague & Hutch.

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(3): 121


slug: echium-candicans

scientific: Echium candicans

epithet: candicans

preferred: Pride of Madeira

english:
Pride of Madeira
pride of Madeira

Echium brachyanthum

authorship: Hornem.

Echium candicans var. noronhae

authorship: Menezes

Echium densiflorum

authorship: DC.

Echium macrophyllum

authorship: Lehm.

Echium maderense

authorship: hort. ex Steud.

Echium marianum

authorship: Boiss.

Echium pallidum

authorship: Salisb.

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2036 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
pride of Madeira
pride-of-Madeira

names: Vipérine blanchâtre, Vipérine blanchissante

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Orius niger
Xylocopa

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Habropoda depressa
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora californica
Battus philenor
Battus philenor hirsuta

partners:
Ancistrocerus bustamente
Coccinella septempunctata
Habropoda depressa
Polistes humilis
Vanessa cardui
Vanessa carye
Vespula pensylvanica

partners:
Ancistrocerus bustamente
Anthophora californica
Anthophora pacifica
Anthophora urbana
Apis mellifera
Archilochus alexandri
Battus philenor hirsuta
Bombus flavifrons

value: non-woody

value: phanerophyte

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 131


slug: echium-creticum

scientific: Echium creticum

authorship: L.

epithet: creticum

preferred: Cretan viper's bugloss

source: wikidata

Echium australe

authorship: Lam.

Echium australe subsp. macranthum

authorship: Cout.

Echium coincyanum

authorship: Lacaita

Echium creticum subsp. macranthum

authorship: (Cout.) Cout.

Echium macranthum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Echium megalanthos

authorship: Lapeyr.

Echium megalanthum

authorship: Steud.

Echium permutatum

authorship: Pau

Echium plantagineum

authorship: Kunze

Echium rubrum

authorship: Moench

Echium setosum

authorship: Delile

Echium spinescens

authorship: Medik.

Echium spinescens subsp. coincyanum

authorship: (Lacaita) Klotz

Echium vulgare subsp. coincyanum

authorship: (Lacaita) O.Bolòs & Vigo

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

Corse

code: COR

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 862 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris africanus
Macroglossum stellatarum
Pieris brassicae

label: Growth habit

value: herb

label: Woodiness


slug: echium-decaisnei

scientific: Echium decaisnei

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

epithet: decaisnei

published_in: Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 3): 49 (1844)

Echium famarae

authorship: Lems & Holzapfel

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 220 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tajinaste blanco
taginaste blanco

names: Синяк Декена

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Andrena chalcogastra
Anthophora alluaudi
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Bombus terrestris canariensis
Danaus plexippus
Megachile canescens

label: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Webb & Berthel.

published_in: Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.). iii. 49


slug: echium-gaditanum

scientific: Echium gaditanum

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: gaditanum

published_in: Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 422 (1841)

codes: ALG MOR POR SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 395 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 422


slug: echium-giganteum

scientific: Echium giganteum

epithet: giganteum

Echium candicans

authorship: Lam.

Echium rupestre

authorship: Salisb.

Isoplesion giganteum

authorship: Raf.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Eucera gracilipes
Phylloscopus canariensis canariensis

label: Height

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-hierrense

scientific: Echium hierrense

authorship: Webb ex Bolle

epithet: hierrense

published_in: Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1867(App. 1): 7 (1867)

value: blue

value: Mar-May

authors: Webb ex Bolle

published_in: Index Seminum [Berlin] 7


slug: echium-horridum

scientific: Echium horridum

authorship: Batt.

epithet: horridum

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 336 1893

Echium hispidissimo-pustulatum

authorship: Sennen

Echium longifolium var. maroccanum

authorship: Ball

Echium maroccanum

authorship: Murb.

codes: ALG CNY EGY GUI LBY MLI MTN MOR SUD TUN WSA

Egypt

code: EGY

Guinea

code: GUI

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Western Sahara

code: WSA

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

value: Apr

authors: Batt.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 336


slug: echium-italicum

scientific: Echium italicum

authorship: L.

epithet: italicum

preferred: Italian viper's bugloss

Echium albereanum

authorship: Debeaux ex Nyman

Echium altissimum

authorship: Jacq.

Echium balearicum

authorship: Porta

Echium biebersteinii

authorship: (Lacaita) Dobrocz.

Echium cantabricum

authorship: (M.Laínz) Fern.Casas & M.Laínz

Echium glomeratum

authorship: Ledeb.

Echium italicum var. balearicum

authorship: (Porta & Rigo) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Echium italicum var. biebersteinii

authorship: Lacaita

Echium italicum var. scaettae

authorship: Pamp.

Echium luteum

authorship: Lapeyr.

Echium pyramidatum

authorship: DC.

Echium ramosum

authorship: Gaterau

Echium scaettae

authorship: (Pamp.) Pamp.

Echium strictissimum

authorship: Schur

codes: LBY AFG CYP IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS NCS TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB ALB AUT BAL BUL RUC COR CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Italienischer Natternkopf
Hoher Natternkopf

names:
Vipérine d'Italie
Vipérine d'Italie, Vipérine des Albères

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora balneorum
Anthophora dispar
Bombus pomorum
Bombus terrestris
Chrysoperla carnea
Gonepteryx cleopatra

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Calocoris nemoralis
Coleoptera
Megachile parietina
Vanessa cardui

partners:
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Adelphocoris seticornis
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aellopus atratus
Agromyza abiens
Agrotis segetum
Aphis fabae
Brachycaudus cardui


slug: echium-judaeum

scientific: Echium judaeum

epithet: judaeum

Echium judaicum

authorship: Eig

codes: CYP LBS PAL

Cyprus

code: CYP

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 313 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Judean Viper's bugloss
Judean Viper's-bugloss

names: Синяк иудейский

authors: Lacaita

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 366


slug: echium-leucophaeum

scientific: Echium leucophaeum

authorship: (Webb ex Christ) Webb ex Sprague & Hutch.

epithet: leucophaeum

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 119 (1914)

Echium giganteum var. leucophaeum

authorship: Bornm.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Vipérine faux Plantain
Vipérine leucophée

partners:
Apis mellifera
Vanessa vulcania

value: white

authors: Webb ex Sprague & Hutch.

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(3): 119


slug: echium-lusitanicum

scientific: Echium lusitanicum

authorship: L.

epithet: lusitanicum

preferred: violet-vein viper's bugloss

Echium broteri

authorship: Samp. ex Cout.

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 266 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Aporia crataegi
Euphydryas aurinia
Gonepteryx rhamni
Vanessa cardui
Xylocopa cantabrita
Xylocopa violacea

authors: L.


slug: echium-nervosum-w-t-aiton

scientific: Echium nervosum

epithet: nervosum

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 907 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus ruderatus
Bombus terrestris
Bombus terrestris lusitanicus
Danaus plexippus
Pararge megera
Teira dugesii

published_in: Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T. Aiton] 1: 300


slug: echium-nervosum-dryand

authorship: Dryand.

Echium nervosum var. laxiflorum

authorship: Menezes


slug: echium-parviflorum

scientific: Echium parviflorum

authorship: Moench

epithet: parviflorum

Echium calycinum

authorship: Viv.

Echium lusitanicum

authorship: All.

Echium ovatum

authorship: Poir.

Echium prostratum

authorship: Ten.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN EAI LBS TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC KRI YUG SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Corse

code: COR

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 388 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life form

value: therophyte

authors: Moench

published_in: Methodus (Moench) 423; Roth, Catalect. fasc. li. 14


slug: echium-pininana

scientific: Echium pininana

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

epithet: pininana

published_in: Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 3): 44 (1844)

preferred: Pininana

english:
Pininana
pine echium

codes: CNY IRE

Ireland

code: IRE

region: Northern Europe

lifeform: biennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1868 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Pininana
pine echium

names: Синяк сосновый

names: Pininana-Natternkopf Riesen-Natternkopf

names:
Vipérine des Canaries
Vipérine petit-pin

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Pyrobombus
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora bimaculata
Anthophora plumipes

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus pratorum
Deraeocoris lutescens
Dicranopalpus ramosus
Harmonia axyridis

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Danaus plexippus
Dialectica scalariella
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Pyrobombus
Selasphorus sasin

value: variable

label: Flowering months

value: May

published_in: Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.). iii. 44


slug: echium-pitardii

scientific: Echium pitardii

epithet: pitardii

Echium lancerottense

authorship: Lems & Holzapfel

Echium pitardii var. macrantha

authorship: (Lems & Holzapfel) Bramwell

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: annual

value: Jan-Apr

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-plantagineum

scientific: Echium plantagineum

epithet: plantagineum

preferred: Paterson's curse

english:
Paterson's curse
Purple Viper's-bugloss
salvation jane

Echium alonsoi

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Echium creticum subsp. plantagineum

authorship: (L.) Malag.

Echium diffusum

authorship: Jan ex Nyman

Echium longistamineum

authorship: Pourr. ex Lapeyr.

Echium maritimum

authorship: Guirao ex Willk. & Lange

Echium murale

authorship: Hill

Echium orientale

authorship: Steph.

Echium plantagineum var. alba

authorship: Mattos

Echium plantagineum var. monodasystemon

authorship: Beauverd & Felipp.

Echium plantaginifolium

authorship: L. ex Moris

Echium plantaginoides

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Echium sennenii

authorship: Pau

Echium violaceum var. medium

authorship: Kuntze

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR SEL TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL SAU TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR RUS SPA TUE

Azores

code: AZO

Egypt

code: EGY

Selvagens

code: SEL

Cyprus

code: CYP

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2042 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Синяк подорожниковый

names:
Viperine a feuilles de plantain
Vipérine à feuilles de plantain

names: Живовлеково усойниче

partners:
Amegilla
Andrena flavipes
Anthophora
Apis mellifera
Gonepteryx cleopatra
Lasioglossum
Macroglossum stellatarum
Megachile

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Andrena flavipes
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus humilis
Bombus ruderatus

partners:
Anthophora quadricolor
Calocoris nemoralis
Eucera numida
Eupeodes corollae
Gonepteryx cleopatra
Heliothis nubigera
Macaroeris nidicolens
Papilio saharae

partners:
Dialectica scalariella
Dictyla echii
Ethmia bipunctella
Papilio machaon
Aellopus atratus
Afrogethes tristis
Agromyza abiens
Agrotis segetum

partners:
Golovinomyces cynoglossi
Stenomesius japonica

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: echium-portosanctense

scientific: Echium portosanctense

authorship: J.A.Carvalho, Pontes, Bat.-Marques & R.Jardim

epithet: portosanctense

published_in: Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 67: 89 (2010)

Madeira

code: MDR

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Massaroco Maçaroco-de-Porto-Santo

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Vanessa cardui

published_in: Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 67(2): 89 (87-96; figs., map)

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-rosulatum

scientific: Echium rosulatum

authorship: Lange

epithet: rosulatum

published_in: Index Seminum (C, Hauniensi) 1854: 22 (1854)

Echium davaei

authorship: Rouy

Echium rosulatum subsp. campestre

authorship: (Samp.) Cout.

Echium rosulatum subsp. davaei

authorship: (Rouy) Cout.

Echium rosulatum subsp. stenophyllum

authorship: Cout.

codes: FRA POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1244 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Vipérine
Vipérine en rosette

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora femorata
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus ruderatus
Gonepteryx cleopatra
Leptotes pirithous
Pieris rapae
Sphaerophoria scripta

authors: Lange

published_in: Ind. Sem. Hort. Haun. (1854) 22

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: echium-sabulicola

scientific: Echium sabulicola

authorship: Pomel

epithet: sabulicola

preferred: Sand Viper's Gloss

Echium abdelrhamanii

authorship: Sennen

Echium augustini

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Echium confusum

authorship: Coincy

Echium perplexans

authorship: Maire

Echium pustulatum var. paniculatum

authorship: Pau & Font Quer

Echium sabulicola var. gussonei

authorship: Klotz

Echium sabulicola var. rifeum

authorship: (Pau) Klotz

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Corse

code: COR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 590 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sand Viper's Gloss
sand viper's bugloss

names: Синяк песчаный

names: Vipérine des sables, Vipérine maritime, Vipérine marine

names:
Bolenga dels arenals
vivorera de platja

partners:
Ceratina cucurbitina
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossum griseolum
Lasioglossum pauxillum
Rhodanthidium septemdentatum

partners:
Ceratina cucurbitina
Lasioglossum
Papilio machaon
Lasioglossum griseolum
Lasioglossum pauxillum
Rhodanthidium septemdentatum