slug: erythronium-albidum

scientific: Erythronium albidum

authorship: Nutt.

genus: Erythronium

epithet: albidum

family: Liliaceae

preferred: white fawnlily

Erythronium albidum var. coloratum

authorship: Sterns

codes: ALA ARK GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY OHI OKL ONT PEN SDA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2036 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кандык беловатый

partners:
Andrena carlini
Apis mellifera
Andrena erigeniae
Andrena erythronii
Andrena forbesii
Andrena frigida
Andrena helianthi
Andrena mansonii

partners:
Andrena carlini
Osmia bucephala
Andrena erythronii
Andrena forbesii
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus impatiens

partners:
Andrena erythronii
Ischnomera ruficollis

partners:
Andrena erythronii
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Ischnomera ruficollis
Osmia bucephala


slug: erythronium-americanum

scientific: Erythronium americanum

authorship: Ker Gawl.

epithet: americanum

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: yellow trout lily

english:
yellow trout lily
dogtooth violet

source: inat

Erythronium americanum f. bachii

authorship: (Farw.) Dole

Erythronium americanum f. nuttallianum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Voss

Erythronium americanum f. oswaldi

authorship: Moldenke

Erythronium americanum var. bachii

authorship: Farw.

Erythronium angustatum

authorship: Raf.

Erythronium aquatile

authorship: Salisb.

Erythronium aureum

authorship: Loisel.

Erythronium bracteatum

authorship: Bigelow

Erythronium flavum

authorship: Sm.

Erythronium lanceolatum

authorship: Pursh

Erythronium nuttallianum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALA CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LAB MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1976 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: Кандык американский

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Andrena
Andrena carlini
Andrena cressonii
Andrena dunningi
Andrena erigeniae
Andrena erythronii
Andrena hippotes
Andrena tridens

partners:
Andrena erythronii
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Ischnomera ruficollis
Pieris virginiensis

partners:
Andrena carlini
Andrena erythronii
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Bombylius major
Ischnomera ruficollis
undetermined Sciuridae 'chipmunks'

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: erythronium-californicum

scientific: Erythronium californicum

authorship: Purdy

epithet: californicum

preferred: California fawnlily

source: wikidata

Erythronium bolanderi

authorship: (S.Watson) Baker

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 456 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

license: CC-BY 4.0

names:
California fawnlily
California Fawn Lily

names: Кандык калифорнийский

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: geophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Purdy

published_in: Fl. & Sylva 2: 253

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: erythronium-caucasicum

scientific: Erythronium caucasicum

authorship: Woronow

epithet: caucasicum

published_in: Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast.  1: 214 (1933)

codes: IRN NCS TCS

Iran

code: IRN

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 307 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кандык кавказский

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Feb-Mar

authors: Woronow

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

field: phenology

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-citrinum

scientific: Erythronium citrinum

epithet: citrinum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  22: 480 (1887)

preferred: cream fawnlily

Erythronium citrinum var. roderickii

authorship: Shevock & G.A.Allen

codes: CAL ORE

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 198 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cream fawnlily
Cream Fawn Lily

names: Кандык лимонно-жёлтый

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 480


slug: erythronium-dens-canis

scientific: Erythronium dens-canis

authorship: L.

epithet: dens-canis

preferred: Dog's-tooth-violet

Erythronium bifidum

authorship: Sweet

Erythronium caninum

authorship: Dulac

name: Erythronium dens-canis subsp. albiflorum

authorship: Kricsf.

Erythronium dens-canis subsp. niveum

authorship: (Baumg.) Buia & Pantu

Erythronium dens-canis var. niveum

authorship: Baumg.

Erythronium dens-canis var. ovatifolium

authorship: Poir. ex Rouy

Erythronium dens-canis var. tetragonum

authorship: Schur

Erythronium denscanis var. prodanii

authorship: Buia & Pantu

Erythronium longifolium

authorship: Mill.

Erythronium maculatum

authorship: DC.

Erythronium maculosum

authorship: Lam.

Erythronium niveum

authorship: (Baumg.) Pînzaru

Erythronium niveum var. pedemontanum

authorship: Pînzaru

Erythronium obtusiflorum

authorship: Opiz

Erythronium ovatifolium

authorship: Poir.

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA YUG POR ROM SPA SWI TUE UKR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

names: Dog's-tooth-violet dogtooth-violet

names:
Кандык европейский
Кандык собачий зуб

names:
Europäischer Hundszahn
Hunds-Zahnlilie

names:
Dent de chien
Dent-de-chien

names: Еритроній собачий зуб

names:
európai kakasmandikó
kakasmandikó

names:
Crveni pasji zub
Pasji zub

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: erythronium-elegans

scientific: Erythronium elegans

authorship: P.C.Hammond & K.L.Chambers

epithet: elegans

preferred: Coast Range fawnlily

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Coast Range fawnlily
Coast Range Fawn-lily

partners: Apoidea Bombus

authors: P.C.Hammond & K.L.Chambers

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-grandiflorum

scientific: Erythronium grandiflorum

authorship: Pursh

epithet: grandiflorum

preferred: Glacier Lily

english:
Glacier Lily
yellow avalanche-lily

Erythronium giganteum

authorship: Lindl.

Erythronium grandiflorum f. giganteum

authorship: (Lindl.) Voss

name: Erythronium grandiflorum subsp. chrysandrum

authorship: Applegate

name: Erythronium grandiflorum subsp. grandiflorum

name: Erythronium grandiflorum var. chrysandrum

authorship: (Applegate) Scoggan

authorship: (Applegate) Abrams

Erythronium grandiflorum var. giganteum

authorship: (Lindl.) Hook.

name: Erythronium grandiflorum var. grandiflorum

Erythronium grandiflorum var. maculatum

authorship: A.Murray bis

Erythronium grandiflorum var. minus

authorship: Hook.

name: Erythronium grandiflorum var. nudiflorum

name: Erythronium grandiflorum var. nudipetalum

authorship: (Applegate) C.L.Hitchc.

name: Erythronium grandiflorum var. parviflorum

Erythronium grandiflorum var. robustum

authorship: Tubergen

Erythronium leptopetalum

authorship: Rydb.

Erythronium maximum

authorship: Douglas ex Baker

Erythronium obtusatum

authorship: Goodd.

Erythronium pallidum

authorship: (H.St.John) G.N.Jones

Erythronium parviflorum

authorship: (S.Watson) Goodd.

Erythronium speciosum

authorship: Nutt. ex Baker

codes: ABT BRC CAL COL IDA MNT NWM ORE UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

New Mexico

code: NWM

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Glacier Lily
yellow avalanche-lily

names: 白蕊猪牙花 大花豬牙花

names: Кандык крупноцветковый

names:
L'érythrone à grandes fleurs
érythrone à grandes fleurs

partners:
Andrena cyanophila
Bombus bifarius
Bombusflavifrons
Eremomyioidesspp.
Eupeodes volucris
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossumsp.1
Pyraustac.f.subsequalis

partners:
Mesoleuca gratulata
Papilio canadensis
Andrena
Andrena cyanophila
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Callophrys sheridanii
Eupeodes volucris

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Mesoleuca gratulata

partners:
Apoidea
Ursus arctos

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens


slug: erythronium-helenae

scientific: Erythronium helenae

epithet: helenae

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb.  1: 188 (1933)

preferred: Pacific fawnlily

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 284 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pacific fawnlily
Napa fawn lily

authors: Applegate

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 188


slug: erythronium-hendersonii

scientific: Erythronium hendersonii

epithet: hendersonii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  22: 479 (1887)

preferred: Henderson's fawnlily

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 562 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Henderson's fawnlily
Henderson's fawn-lily

names: Кандык Хендерсона

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 479


slug: erythronium-japonicum

scientific: Erythronium japonicum

authorship: Decne.

epithet: japonicum

Erythronium denscanis var. japonicum

authorship: Baker

Erythronium japonicum

authorship: Poit.

Erythronium japonicum f. immaculatum

authorship: P.Y.Fu & Q.S.Sun

authorship: Sun, Q.S.

Erythronium japonicum f. leucanthum

authorship: (Iwah.Yamam.) Okuyama

codes: JAP KOR KUR CHM SAK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

region: Russian Far East

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 354 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 车前叶山慈姑 山芋头

names: katakuri カタクリ

label: Height

category: Size

authors: Decne.

published_in: Rev. Hort. [Paris]. 1854, Ser. IV. iii. 284; Makino in Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3,fasc. i. 441, vol. v. t. 84 (1907), japonice


slug: erythronium-klamathense

scientific: Erythronium klamathense

authorship: Applegate

epithet: klamathense

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb.  1: 151 (1930)

preferred: Klamath fawnlily

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Klamath fawnlily
Klamath fawn lily

names: Кандык кламатский

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 151


slug: erythronium-mesochoreum

scientific: Erythronium mesochoreum

authorship: Knerr

epithet: mesochoreum

published_in: Midl. Coll. Monthly  2: 5 (1891)

preferred: midland fawnlily

Erythronium albidum var. mesochoreum

authorship: (Knerr) Rickett

codes: ARK ILL IOW KAN MSO NEB OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 650 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
midland fawnlily
Prairie Trout Lily

authors: Knerr

published_in: in B. B. Smyth, Check List pl. Kansas (1892) 26


slug: erythronium-montanum

scientific: Erythronium montanum

epithet: montanum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  26: 130 (1891)

preferred: Avalanche lily

english:
Avalanche lily
white avalanche-lily

Erythronium grandiflorum var. album

authorship: Purdie

codes: BRC ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Avalanche lily
white avalanche-lily

names:
Lys des avalanches
érythrone des montagnes

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 130


slug: erythronium-multiscapideum

scientific: Erythronium multiscapideum

authorship: (Kellogg) A.Nelson & P.B.Kenn.

epithet: multiscapideum

name: Erythronium grandiflorum var. multiscapideum

authorship: (Kellogg) Alph.Wood

Fritillaria multiscapidea

authorship: Kellogg

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 406 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sierra Fawn Lily
Sierra fawnlily

authors: (Kellogg) A.Nelson & P.B.Kenn.

published_in: Muhlenbergia 3(9): 137


slug: erythronium-oregonum

scientific: Erythronium oregonum

epithet: oregonum

preferred: giant white fawn lily

english:
giant white fawn lily
giant white fawnlily

Erythronium oregonum subsp. leucandrum

authorship: (Applegate) Applegate

Erythronium revolutum var. praecox

authorship: Purdy

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
giant white fawnlily
Giant Fawnlily

names: 俄勒冈猪牙花 俄勒岡豬牙花

names: Кандык орегонский

partners:
Andrena
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Buprestidae
Dilophus
Halictus rubicundus
Lasioglossum sp.1
Osmia albolateralis

partners:
Andrena
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Buprestidae
Dialictus
Dilophus
Halictus rubicundus
Lasioglossum

published_in: Madroño 3: 99


slug: erythronium-pluriflorum

scientific: Erythronium pluriflorum

authorship: Shevock, Bartel & G.A.Allen

epithet: pluriflorum

preferred: manyflower fawnlily

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
manyflower fawnlily
shuteye peak fawn lily

authors: Shevock, Bartel & G.A.Allen

published_in: Madroño 37: 268, fig. 3


slug: erythronium-propullans

scientific: Erythronium propullans

epithet: propullans

published_in: Amer. Naturalist  5: 300 (1871)

preferred: Minnesota fawnlily

Minnesota

code: MIN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Minnesota fawnlily
Minnesota dwarf trout lily

published_in: Amer. Naturalist v. (1871) 300. t. 74


slug: erythronium-purpurascens

scientific: Erythronium purpurascens

epithet: purpurascens

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  12: 277 (1877)

preferred: purple fawnlily

Erythronium grandiflorum f. multiflorum

authorship: (Torr.) Voss

name: Erythronium grandiflorum var. multiflorum

authorship: Torr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 523 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
purple fawnlily
Purple Fawn Lily

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xii. (1877) 277


slug: erythronium-pusaterii

scientific: Erythronium pusaterii

authorship: (Munz & J.T.Howell) Shevock, Bartel & G.A.Allen

epithet: pusaterii

preferred: Kaweah Lakes fawnlily

name: Erythronium grandiflorum subsp. pusaterii

authorship: Munz & J.T.Howell

names:
Kaweah Lakes fawnlily
kaweah fawn lily

published_in: Madroño 37: 264

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-quinaultense

scientific: Erythronium quinaultense

epithet: quinaultense

preferred: fawnlily

names:
fawnlily
Quinault fawn-lily

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-revolutum

scientific: Erythronium revolutum

authorship: Sm.

epithet: revolutum

preferred: mahogany fawnlily

Erythronium grandiflorum f. revolutum

authorship: (Sm.) Voss

Erythronium grandiflorum var. smithii

authorship: Hook.

Erythronium johnsonii

authorship: Bol.

Erythronium revolutum var. johnsonii

authorship: (Bol.) Purdy

Erythronium smithii

authorship: Orcutt

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1159 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mahogany fawnlily
coast fawn lily

authors: Sm.

published_in: Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) 13: no. 3


slug: erythronium-rostratum

scientific: Erythronium rostratum

epithet: rostratum

preferred: Yellow fawn lily

english:
Yellow fawn lily
yellow troutlily

codes: ALA ARK KAN KTY LOU MSI MSO OHI OKL TEN TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Ohio

code: OHI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 891 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Yellow fawn lily
Beaked trout-lily

partners:
Eupeodes americanus
Prenolepis imparis

published_in: Castanea 6: 24, tab. 1


slug: erythronium-shastense

scientific: Erythronium shastense

authorship: D.A.York, J.K.Nelson & D.W.Taylor

epithet: shastense

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: D.A.York, J.K.Nelson & D.W.Taylor

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-sibiricum

scientific: Erythronium sibiricum

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Krylov

epithet: sibiricum

published_in: Fl. Zapadnoĭ Sibiri  3: 641 (1929)

Erythronium altaicum

authorship: Besser ex Baker

Erythronium dens-canis var. parviflorum

authorship: Regel

Erythronium dens-canis var. sibiricum

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

codes: ALT KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

names: 新疆猪牙花 鸡腿参

names:
Канды́к сиби́рский
Кандык сибирский

names: Сібір қандығы

authors: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Krylov

published_in: Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri iii. 641 (1929)


slug: erythronium-sulevii

scientific: Erythronium sulevii

authorship: (Rukšāns) Stepanov

epithet: sulevii

published_in: Vestn. Krasnoyarsk. Gosud. Agrar. Univ.  8: 62 (2011)

Erythronium sibiricum subsp. sulevii

authorship: Rukšāns

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 315 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кандык Сулева

authors: (Rukšāns) Stepanov

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-taylorii

scientific: Erythronium taylorii

authorship: Shevock & G.A.Allen

epithet: taylorii

preferred: Taylor's fawnlily

names:
Taylor's fawnlily
pilot ridge fawn lily

authors: Shevock & G.A.Allen

published_in: Madroño 44: 360, fig

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-tuolumnense

scientific: Erythronium tuolumnense

authorship: Applegate

epithet: tuolumnense

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb.  1: 153 (1930)

preferred: Tuolumne fawnlily

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tuolumne fawnlily
Tuolumne fawn lily

names: Кандык туоламнийский

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 153

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythronium-umbilicatum

scientific: Erythronium umbilicatum

authorship: C.R.Parks & Hardin

epithet: umbilicatum

preferred: dimpled troutlily

codes: ALA FLA GEO KTY MRY NCA SCA TEN VRG WVA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2015 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dimpled troutlily
dimpled trout lily

names: Кандык пуповидный

partners:
Andrena carlini
Andrena nigrihirta
Andrena tridens
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Augochorella striata
Bombylius major
Lasioglossum abanci

partners:
Andrena carlini
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Lasioglossum abanci
Nomada
Andrena nigrihirta
Augochlorella aurata
Bombylius major

authors: C.R.Parks & Hardin

published_in: Brittonia 15: 252


slug: erythropalum-scandens

scientific: Erythropalum scandens

authorship: Blume

genus: Erythropalum

epithet: scandens

family: Olacaceae

Dactylium vagum

authorship: Griff.

Erythropalum grandifolium

authorship: Elmer

Erythropalum populifolium

authorship: (Arn.) Mast.

Erythropalum vagum

authorship: (Griff.) Mast.

Mackaya populifolia

authorship: Arn.

codes: CHC CHS CHH CHT AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP PHI SUL SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: liana

climate: wet tropical

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: 腥藤 赤苍藤

value: shrub

value: tree

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythrophleum-chlorostachys

scientific: Erythrophleum chlorostachys

authorship: (F.Muell.) Baill.

genus: Erythrophleum

epithet: chlorostachys

family: Fabaceae

Erythrophleum laboucheri

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

codes: NTA QLD WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

lifeform: tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cooktown ironwood
black-bean

partners:
Olonia guillaumei
Olonia soulierae

value: woody

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

authors: Baill.

published_in: Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 2: 150

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: erythrophleum-lasianthum

scientific: Erythrophleum lasianthum

authorship: Corbishley

epithet: lasianthum

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 27 (1922)

Erythrophleum guineense var. swaziense

authorship: Burtt Davy

codes: SWZ NAT MOZ TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Maputaland Ordeal Tree
Red Water Tree

names:
Maputaland-oordeelboom
Swazi ordeelboom

names: umhlahle umkhanku

names:
um Kwanga
um-kwangu

authors: Corbishley

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(1): 27

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythrophysa-alata

scientific: Erythrophysa alata

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Hutch.

genus: Erythrophysa

epithet: alata

family: Sapindaceae

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 150 (1932)

Erythrophysa undulata

authorship: E.Mey. ex Sond.

Fagara alata

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Namaqua Red-Balloon
Sumoė

names: Kloe-kloekie Kloek-Kloetjieboom

label: Growth habit

value: 4 m

authors: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Hutch.

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932(3): 150

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythrorchis-altissima

scientific: Erythrorchis altissima

authorship: (Blume) Blume

genus: Erythrorchis

epithet: altissima

family: Orchidaceae

Erythrorchis ochobiensis

authorship: (Hayata) Garay

Galeola altissima

authorship: (Blume) Rchb.f.

Galeola ochobiensis

authorship: Hayata

codes: CHH JAP NNS TAI ASS BOR CBD EHM JAW LAO MLY MYA NCB PHI SUM THA VIE

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

lifeform: climbing holomycotroph

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 蔓莖山珊瑚 倒吊兰

label: Woodiness

authors: (Blume) Blume

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: erythrorchis-cassythoides

scientific: Erythrorchis cassythoides

authorship: (A.Cunn. ex Lindl.) Garay

epithet: cassythoides

preferred: Black bootlace orchid

Dendrobium cassythoides

authorship: A.Cunn. ex Lindl.

Galeola cassythoides

authorship: (A.Cunn. ex Lindl.) Rchb.f.

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

lifeform: holomycotroph

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 528 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Sep-Dec

authors: (A.Cunn. ex Lindl.) Garay


slug: erythrostemon-angulatus

scientific: Erythrostemon angulatus

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

genus: Erythrostemon

epithet: angulatus

Caesalpinia angulata

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Baill.

Caesalpinia angulicaulis

authorship: Clos

Sophora angulata

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Ravenna

Zuccagnia angulata

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 134 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hook. & Arn.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

published_in: PhytoKeys 71: 117


slug: erythrostemon-caudatus

scientific: Erythrostemon caudatus

authorship: (A.Gray) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

epithet: caudatus

preferred: tailed nicker

source: usda

Caesalpinia caudata

authorship: (A.Gray) Fisher

Schrammia caudata

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton & Rose

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

lifeform: perennial or pseudobulb subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (A.Gray) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

published_in: PhytoKeys 71: 120

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CACA26

license: public domain

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythrostemon-gilliesii

scientific: Erythrostemon gilliesii

authorship: (Hook.) Klotzsch

epithet: gilliesii

preferred: bird-of-paradise shrub

Caesalpinia gilliesii

authorship: (Hook.) D.Dietr.

Caesalpinia macrantha

authorship: Delile

Poinciana gilliesii

authorship: Hook.

Prosopis gillesii

authorship: (Hook.) Macloskie

codes: AGE AGW AGS CLC CLN URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bird of Paradise
Bird-of-paradise shrub

names:
Barba de chivo
Lagaña de perro

names: 红蕊云实 红蕊蝴蝶花

names: شجرة طير الجنة الصفراء

names: Цезальпиния Джиллиса

names: Césalpinie de Gillies, Oiseaux de paradis, Césalpinie

names: Παγώνι Ποϊντσιάνα

names: Paradysvoëlblom paradysvoelboom

partners: Lepidoptera Sphingidae

partners:
Charaxes sempronius
Dialictus
Fundella argentina
Xylocopa tabaniformis orpifex

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

value: vine

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Growth rate

value: slow

value: 5 m

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: dark green

published_in: Icon. Pl. Rar. [Link, Klotzsch & Otto] 1: 97, t. 39


slug: erythrostemon-hughesii

scientific: Erythrostemon hughesii

authorship: (G.P.Lewis) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

epithet: hughesii

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: (G.P.Lewis) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

published_in: PhytoKeys 71: 123

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: erythrostemon-mexicanus

scientific: Erythrostemon mexicanus

authorship: (Rose) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

epithet: mexicanus

preferred: Mexican holdback

Caesalpinia mexicana var. pubescens

authorship: B.L.Rob. & Greenm.

Caesalpinia robinsoniana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) G.P.Lewis

Erythrostemon robinsonianus

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

Poinciana mexicana

authorship: Rose

Poincianella mexicana

authorship: (Rose) Britton & Rose

Poincianella robinsoniana

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: MXG MXE MXN MXS TEX

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mexican bird-of-paradise bush
Mexican holdback

names:
Comalillo
Hierba del potro

names:
درخت مکزیکی
شجيرة طير الجنة المكسيكسة

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus sonorus
Calypte costae
Colias eurytheme
Cynanthus auriceps
Hylephila phyleus
Phoebis agarithe
Phoebis agarithe fisheri

label: Life cycle

published_in: PhytoKeys 71: 124

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CAME


slug: erythrostemon-palmeri

scientific: Erythrostemon palmeri

authorship: (S.Watson) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

epithet: palmeri

Caesalpinia arida

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Wiggins

Poinciana palmeri

authorship: (S.Watson) Rose

Poincianella palmeri

authorship: (S.Watson) Britton & Rose

codes: MXE MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 255 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hap oácajam
Palo piojo

authors: (S.Watson) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

published_in: PhytoKeys 71: 125


slug: erythrostemon-pannosus

scientific: Erythrostemon pannosus

authorship: (Brandegee) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

epithet: pannosus

Caesalpinia arenosa

authorship: Wiggins

Caesalpinia californica

authorship: (A.Gray) Standl.

Caesalpinia pannosa

authorship: Brandegee

Poinciana californica

authorship: (A.Gray) Rose

Poinciana pannosa

authorship: (Brandegee) Rose

Poincianella californica

authorship: (A.Gray) Britton & Rose

Poincianella pannosa

authorship: (Brandegee) Britton & Rose

lifeform: scrambling shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 259 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthophila
Apoidea
Camponotus
Hemiargus ceraunus

authors: (Brandegee) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis


slug: erythrostemon-phyllanthoides

scientific: Erythrostemon phyllanthoides

authorship: (Standl.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

epithet: phyllanthoides

preferred: wait-a-bit vine

Caesalpinia phyllanthoides

authorship: Standl.

Poincianella phyllanthoides

authorship: (Standl.) Britton & Rose

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
Creeping Bird of Paradise
Dwarf Poinciana

authors: (Standl.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CAPH

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythrostemon-placidus

scientific: Erythrostemon placidus

epithet: placidus

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: PhytoKeys 71: 126


slug: erythroxylum-areolatum

scientific: Erythroxylum areolatum

authorship: L.

genus: Erythroxylum

epithet: areolatum

family: Erythroxylaceae

preferred: swamp-redwood

Erythroxylum areolatum f. macrophyllum

authorship: Griseb. ex O.E.Schulz

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BAH BLZ CAY COS CUB DOM ELS GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Cocaine

activities: Anesthetic Anorexic Antiarrhythmic Antibacterial Antiepistactic Antifeedant Arterioconstrictor CNS-Stimulant

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythroxylum-australe

scientific: Erythroxylum australe

epithet: australe

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria  3: 22 (1859)

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 3 m

label: Fruit type

value: drupe

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria iii. (1859) 22


slug: erythroxylum-brevipes

scientific: Erythroxylum brevipes

authorship: DC.

epithet: brevipes

preferred: brisselet

Erythroxylum rhamnoides

authorship: Peyr. ex O.E.Schulz

codes: CUB DOM HAI LEE PUE

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 143 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: DC.


slug: erythroxylum-citrifolium

scientific: Erythroxylum citrifolium

epithet: citrifolium

Erythroxylum acutifolium

authorship: Steud. ex Peyr.

name: Erythroxylum citrifolium var. latifolium

Erythroxylum duckei

authorship: Huber

Erythroxylum fraternum

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex O.E.Schulz

Erythroxylum gomphioides

authorship: Planch. & Linden

Erythroxylum manglilla

authorship: Poepp. ex Peyr.

Erythroxylum micranthum

authorship: Bong. ex Peyr.

Erythroxylum paraense

authorship: Peyr.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS ECU FRG GUY HON NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

names: cocarana-do-cerrado cumixá

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: 8 m


slug: erythroxylum-coca

scientific: Erythroxylum coca

authorship: Lam.

epithet: coca

preferred: coca

Erythroxylum bolivianum

authorship: Burck

codes: BOL BZN CLM ECU PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 药古柯 古柯

names:
Кока
Кокаиновый куст

names: aitokokapensas Kokapensas

names: Koka Koka-punapuu

names: Какаінавы куст

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Eaten by

partners:
Amerila bubo
Eloria captiosa
Eloria noyesi
Eucleodora cocae
Hyposidra talaca
Indarbela dea
Pempelia heringii
Platysceptra tineoides

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: berry

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(1): 393


slug: erythroxylum-confusum

scientific: Erythroxylum confusum

authorship: Britton

epithet: confusum

Erythroxylum eugenioides

authorship: Lundell

Erythroxylum lindelieanum

authorship: Urb.

codes: MXT BAH BLZ CAY CUB GUA JAM

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

Jamaica

code: JAM

names:
Cascarillo
Arabo colorado

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Britton

published_in: Bahama Fl. (Britton & Millspaugh) 199

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: erythroxylum-cuneifolium

scientific: Erythroxylum cuneifolium

authorship: (Mart.) O.E.Schulz

epithet: cuneifolium

name: Erythroxylum amplifolium var. myrtilloides

authorship: (Peyr.) O.E.Schulz

name: Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. cuneifolium

name: Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. silvaticum

name: Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. squarrosum

name: Erythroxylum microphyllum f. myrtilloides

name: Erythroxylum microphyllum var. cuneifolium

authorship: Mart.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Paraguay

code: PAR

names: baga-de-pomba cocão

source: GIFT

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

label: Height

authors: (Mart.) O.E.Schulz

published_in: Pflanzenr. [Heft 29], 4. Fam. 134: 121


slug: erythroxylum-emarginatum

scientific: Erythroxylum emarginatum

authorship: Thonn.

epithet: emarginatum

preferred: African cocainetree

source: wikidata

Erythroxylum afrum

authorship: Sond.

Erythroxylum emarginatum subsp. caffrum

authorship: (Sond.) O.E.Schulz

name: Erythroxylum emarginatum var. angustifolium

Erythroxylum monogynum subsp. caffrum

authorship: (Sond.) Eyles

codes: ANG BEN BKN CAB CMN CPP CAF CHA CON SWZ GAB GHA GUI GGI IVO KEN NAT MLW MLI MOZ NGA TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Cabinda

code: CAB

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Congo

code: CON

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Африканское кокаиновое дерево
Эритроксилум африканский

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythroxylum-guatemalense

scientific: Erythroxylum guatemalense

epithet: guatemalense

codes: MXT BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

label: Least Concern

value: woody

authors: Lundell

published_in: Wrightia 4: 176

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: erythroxylum-havanense

scientific: Erythroxylum havanense

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: havanense

Erythroxylum areolatum

authorship: Poepp. ex Griseb.

Erythroxylum cumanense

authorship: Kunth

Erythroxylum obtusum

authorship: DC.

Erythroxylum ovatum

authorship: Cav.

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON LEE NLA NIC PAN SUR TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Panamá

code: PAN

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

Venezuela

code: VEN

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agrias amydon
Cyclura lewisi
Xylophanes pluto


slug: erythroxylum-laurifolium

scientific: Erythroxylum laurifolium

authorship: Lam.

epithet: laurifolium

Roelana laurifolia

authorship: Comm. ex DC.

codes: MAU REU

Mauritius

code: MAU

region: Western Indian Ocean

Réunion

code: REU

names: Érythroxyle à feuilles de laurier, Bois de rongue, Bois de ronde

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(1): 394


slug: erythroxylum-macrophyllum

scientific: Erythroxylum macrophyllum

epithet: macrophyllum

Erythroxylum ellipticum

authorship: Ramírez

Erythroxylum filipes

authorship: Huber

Erythroxylum floribundum

authorship: Seem.

Erythroxylum laurinum

authorship: Triana & Planch.

Erythroxylum lucidum var. costaricense

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) O.E.Schulz

Erythroxylum rubrinerve

authorship: Bong. ex O.E.Schulz

Erythroxylum skutchii

authorship: Standl.

Erythroxylum tabascense

authorship: Britton

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZC CLM COS ECU FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER SUR VEN WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Peru

code: PER

names: Tendemoe Tentemoemo

value: tree


slug: erythroxylum-mexicanum

scientific: Erythroxylum mexicanum

epithet: mexicanum

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ELS NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

El Salvador

code: ELS

names: Chinito Colorín

authors: Kunth


slug: erythroxylum-mikanii

scientific: Erythroxylum mikanii

authorship: Peyr.

epithet: mikanii

codes: BZE BZL

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

authors: Peyr.


slug: erythroxylum-monogynum

scientific: Erythroxylum monogynum

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: monogynum

published_in: Pl. Coromandel  1: 61 (1798)

Erythroxylum indicum

authorship: (DC.) Elliot

codes: BAN IND MYA SRL

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Cadinene

activities: Antifeedant FLavor Perfumery Pesticide

Capric-acid

activities: Fungicide Irritant Pesticide

names:
Bastard Sandal
Red Cedar

names: தேவதாரு/செம்புளிச்சான்

partners:
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
Eudynamys scolopaceus
Leptocoma zeylonica
Psilopogon haemacephalus
Pycnonotus cafer
Pycnonotus jocosus
Pycnonotus luteolus
Pycnonotus xantholaemus

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

authors: Roxb.

published_in: Pl. Coromandel 1(4): 61, t. 88

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythroxylum-pictum

scientific: Erythroxylum pictum

authorship: E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.

epithet: pictum

codes: CPP NAT

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Blue-Leaved Cocatree
Blue-leaved Coca-tree

names: bloublaarkokaboom bos-kokaboom

names: intozani umgcamache

label: Growth habit

published_in: Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 183

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: erythroxylum-rotundifolium

scientific: Erythroxylum rotundifolium

authorship: Lunan

epithet: rotundifolium

preferred: ratwood

Erythroxylum brevipes var. spinescens

authorship: (A.Rich.) M.Gómez

authorship: (A.Rich.) Griseb.

Erythroxylum compactum

authorship: Rose

Erythroxylum obovatum

authorship: Macfad.

Erythroxylum suave var. compactum

authorship: (Rose) O.E.Schulz

Erythroxylum tikalense

authorship: Lundell

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BAH BLZ CAY COS CUB DOM ELS GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PUE TRT TCI

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
ratwood
Rat Wood

partners:
Cyclura lewisi
Patagioenas leucocephala


slug: erythroxylum-sideroxyloides

scientific: Erythroxylum sideroxyloides

authorship: Lam.

epithet: sideroxyloides

Erythroxylum longifolium

authorship: Cav.

Mauritius

code: MAU

Réunion

code: REU

label: Woodiness


slug: erythroxylum-sphaeranthum

scientific: Erythroxylum sphaeranthum

epithet: sphaeranthum

published_in: Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég.  2: 264 (1949 publ. 1950)

name: Erythroxylum sphaeranthum var. andrarongense

Madagascar

code: MDG


slug: escallonia-bifida

scientific: Escallonia bifida

authorship: Link & Otto

genus: Escallonia

epithet: bifida

family: Escalloniaceae

name: Escallonia floribunda var. montevidensis

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Escallonia montevidensis

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.

Escallonia pugae

authorship: Phil.

Escallonia spectabilis

authorship: DC.

codes: AGE BZS BZL PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Espongeira canudo-de-pito

names: Эскаллония раздвоенная

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Dircenna dero
Epityches eupompe
Eurytides lysithous
Papilio astyalus
Passer domesticus
Pieris rapae
Sturnus vulgaris

label: Visited by

value: 7 m

value: capsule

authors: Link & Otto

published_in: Icon. Pl. Rar. [Link & Otto] 4: 45

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escallonia-cordobensis

scientific: Escallonia cordobensis

authorship: (Kuntze) Hosseus

epithet: cordobensis

Escallonia rubra var. cordobensis

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGE AGW

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

authors: Hosseus

published_in: Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 26: 120


slug: escallonia-discolor

scientific: Escallonia discolor

authorship: Vent.

epithet: discolor

Escallonia hirta

authorship: Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Escallonia tubar

authorship: Mutis ex Humb.

Stereoxylon discolor

authorship: Poir.

Colombia

code: CLM

label: Near Threatened

names: Chilca Tobo

authors: Vent.

published_in: Choix Pl. 54. t. 54

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escallonia-herrerae

scientific: Escallonia herrerae

authorship: Mattf.

epithet: herrerae

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem  10: 748 (1929)

Peru

code: PER

authors: Mattf.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: escallonia-illinita

scientific: Escallonia illinita

epithet: illinita

Escallonia cupularis

authorship: Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Escallonia glandulosa

authorship: Sweet

Escallonia illinita var. angustifrons

authorship: Briq.

Escallonia illinita var. cupularis

authorship: (Gillies) Reiche

authorship: (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Engl.

Escallonia illinita var. stenopetala

authorship: (Kunze) Acevedo & Kausel

Escallonia mertensiana

authorship: Rupr. ex A.Gray

Escallonia stenopetala

authorship: Kunze

Chile Central

code: CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Eristalis tenax
Nomada
Platycheirus albimanus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus caliginosus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombus vosnesenskii

published_in: Reliq. Haenk. ii. 49. t. 59

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escallonia-megapotamica

scientific: Escallonia megapotamica

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: megapotamica

name: Escallonia megapotamica var. megapotamica

name: Escallonia megapotamica var. spiraeifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Sleumer

Escallonia resinosa var. dodonaeifolia

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

name: Escallonia sellowiana var. dodonaeifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) A.St.-Hil.

Escallonia sellowiana var. spiraeifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.

codes: AGE BZS BZL URU

value: subshrub

value: 4 m

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2, Cur. Post.): 94

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: escallonia-myrtilloides

scientific: Escallonia myrtilloides

epithet: myrtilloides

Escallonia adscendens

authorship: Rusby

Escallonia berberifolia

authorship: Kunth

Escallonia chloropetala

authorship: Diels

Escallonia corymbosa

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Escallonia densa

authorship: Planch. & Linden

Escallonia patens

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Killip

Stereoxylon corymbosum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

codes: AGW BOL CLM COS ECU PAN PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 191 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Atallpa pichu
Chachakuma

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bos taurus
Tapirella bairdii
Tremarctos ornatus

label: Parasites

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 156

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: escallonia-myrtoidea

scientific: Escallonia myrtoidea

authorship: Bertero ex DC.

epithet: myrtoidea

Escallonia andina

authorship: Phil.

Escallonia claudii

authorship: Killip

Escallonia illinita var. andina

authorship: (Phil.) Reiche

Escallonia microcarpa

authorship: Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Escallonia revoluta var. berteroana

authorship: Kasapligil

Escallonia thyrsoidea

authorship: Bertero ex Colla

codes: AGW CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Arthrobrachus
Bombus dahlbomii
Bombus terrestris
Chrysis carinata
Colletes murinus
Copestylum bradleyi
Corynura chilensis

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escallonia-paniculata

scientific: Escallonia paniculata

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult.

epithet: paniculata

Escallonia floribunda var. caracasana

authorship: (Kunth) Engl.

Escallonia paniculata var. floribunda

authorship: (Kunth) J.F.Macbr.

codes: BOL CLM COS ECU PAN PER VEN

names: Chachakumo Samal

authors: (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 328

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: escallonia-pendula

scientific: Escallonia pendula

epithet: pendula

codes: CLM ECU PER VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Loqueto Macle

partners:
Conirostrum rufum
Myiodynastes maculatus

authors: Pers.

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 235

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escallonia-pulverulenta

scientific: Escallonia pulverulenta

epithet: pulverulenta

Escallonia berteroana

authorship: DC.

Escallonia pulverulenta var. berteriana

authorship: (DC.) Pamp.

Escallonia pulverulenta var. glabra

authorship: Engl.

name: Escallonia pulverulenta var. pulverulenta

Escallonia pulverulenta var. resiniflua

authorship: (Walp.) Pamp.

Escallonia resiniflua

authorship: Walp.

Escallonia spinulosa

authorship: Kunth ex Engl.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 858 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Lonchopria zonalis
Amecocerus
Apis mellifera
Arctodium vulpinum
Bombus terrestris
Caenohalictus aplacodes
Calliopsis trifasciata
Chaetocnephalia

partners:
Catonia ornatipennis
Sarnus decipiens


slug: escallonia-resinosa

scientific: Escallonia resinosa

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

epithet: resinosa

Escallonia cuneifolia

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) F.Dietr.

Escallonia mandon var. microphylla

authorship: Herzog

Escallonia mandonii

authorship: Rusby

Stereoxylon cuneifolium

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

codes: BOL ECU PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 168 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.


slug: escallonia-revoluta

scientific: Escallonia revoluta

epithet: revoluta

Escallonia affinis

authorship: Rupr. ex A.Gray

Escallonia thyrsoidea

authorship: Bertero

codes: CLC CLS

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 91 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: nanophanerophyte

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escallonia-rubra

scientific: Escallonia rubra

epithet: rubra

preferred: redclaws

Escallonia commutata

authorship: Regel

Escallonia concinna

authorship: Phil.

Escallonia glandulosa

authorship: Sm.

Escallonia littoralis var. concinna

authorship: (Phil.) Reiche

Escallonia macrantha

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

name: Escallonia macrantha var. duplicato-serrata

authorship: (J.Rémy) Engl.

Escallonia macrantha var. sanguinea

authorship: Veitch.

authorship: Mast. & T.Moore

Escallonia rahmeri var. obovata

authorship: Speg.

Escallonia rubra var. dumetorum

authorship: (Phil.) Acevedo & Kausel

Escallonia rubra var. multiflora

authorship: Poepp. & Endl.

Escallonia rubra var. poeppigiana

authorship: Reiche

authorship: (DC.) Engl.

Escallonia rubra var. punctata

authorship: (DC.) Hook.f.

Escallonia sanguinea

authorship: Veitch ex Mast.

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1590 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: redclaws escallonia

names:
Escallonia
Escallonia rouge

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lucorum
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Calypte anna

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Ancistrocerus
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus terrestris
Bombus vosnesenskii
Calypte anna
Celastrina ladon echo

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS


slug: escallonia-serrata

scientific: Escallonia serrata

epithet: serrata

Blakwellia antarctica

authorship: Gaertn.

Celastrus venustus

authorship: Sol. ex G.Forst.

Escallonia serrata var. microphylla

authorship: Pamp.

Palladia antarctica

authorship: (Gaertn.) Lam.

Skinnera antarctica

authorship: Forst. ex A.DC.

Stereoxylon serratum

authorship: Poir.

codes: AGS CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Sm.

published_in: Pl. Icon. Ined. 2: t. 31

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escallonia-virgata

scientific: Escallonia virgata

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

epithet: virgata

Escallonia angustifolia

authorship: Phil.

Escallonia patagonica

authorship: Gand.

Escallonia philippiana

authorship: Engl.

authorship: (Engl.) Mast.

Stereoxylon virgatum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

codes: AGW AGS CLC CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 292 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Chapel Meki

names: Эскаллония прутьевидная

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 234


slug: eschenbachia-japonica

scientific: Eschenbachia japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) J.Kost.

genus: Eschenbachia

epithet: japonica

family: Asteraceae

Blumea globata

authorship: Vaniot

Conyza congesta

authorship: Spreng. ex DC.

Conyza japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) DC.

Conyza multicaulis

authorship: DC.

Conyza veronicifolia

authorship: Wall. ex DC.

Erigeron japonicus

authorship: Thunb.

codes: AFG CHC CHS JAP NNS TAI CHT ASS EHM IND JAW MYA NEP PAK PHI THA VIE WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 白酒草 假蓬

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: annual

label: Flowering months

value: Apr-Jun

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: eschscholzia-androuxii

scientific: Eschscholzia androuxii

authorship: Still

genus: Eschscholzia

epithet: androuxii

family: Papaveraceae

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 308 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Still

published_in: PhytoKeys 35: 46


slug: eschscholzia-caespitosa

scientific: Eschscholzia caespitosa

authorship: Benth.

epithet: caespitosa

published_in: Trans. Hort. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1: 408 (1834 publ. 1835)

preferred: tufted poppy

Eschscholzia austinae

authorship: Greene

name: Eschscholzia caespitosa subsp. caespitosa

name: Eschscholzia californica var. tenuifolia

authorship: (Benth.) Curran

Eschscholzia caruifolia var. cyathifera

authorship: Fedde

Eschscholzia dolichocarpa

authorship: Eastw.

Eschscholzia douglasii var. tenuifolia

authorship: (Benth.) Torr.

codes: CAL MXN ORE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tufted poppy
collarless California poppy

partners:
Bombus crotchii
Bombus vosnesenskii

partners:
Apis mellifera
Icaricia acmon

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Benth.

published_in: Trans. Hort. Soc. London Ser. II, i. (1835) 408


slug: eschscholzia-californica

scientific: Eschscholzia californica

authorship: Cham.

epithet: californica

published_in: Horae Phys. Berol. 74 1820

preferred: California poppy

english:
California poppy
California sunlight
California-poppy

source: inat

Chelidonium multifidum

authorship: Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

Chryseis caespitosa

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Chryseis californica

authorship: (Cham.) Lindl.

Chryseis compacta

authorship: Lindl.

Chryseis douglasii

authorship: Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray

name: Eschscholzia arvensis var. orthodichasialis

Eschscholzia californica var. ambigua

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

name: Eschscholzia californica var. californica

Eschscholzia californica var. compacta

authorship: (Lindl.) Jeps.

Eschscholzia californica var. crocea

authorship: (Benth.) Jeps.

Eschscholzia californica var. douglasii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Jeps.

Eschscholzia californica var. mexicana

authorship: (Greene) N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren

name: Eschscholzia californica var. peninsularis

authorship: (Greene) Munz

Eschscholzia compacta

authorship: (Lindl.) Walp.

Eschscholzia crocea var. rosea

authorship: (J.J.Veitch) J.Vick

Eschscholzia crocea var. sanctarum

authorship: (Greene) Fedde

Eschscholzia douglasii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

name: Eschscholzia menziesiana var. anemophila

Eschscholzia parvula

authorship: (A.Gray) Cockerell

name: Eschscholzia scariosa var. dichasiophora

name: Eschscholzia yainacensis var. modocensis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Эшшольция калифорнийская

names: ハナビシソウ キンエイカ

names: Eschscholzie de Californie, Pavot de Californie, Globe du soleil

names:
Ешольція каліфорнійська
Каліфорнійський мак садовий

names:
אשולציה קליפורנית
פרג קליפורניה

names:
sluncovka kalifornská
slncovka kalifornská

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus californicus
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus vosnesenskii
Ceratina acantha
Coleoptera
Eristalis tenax
Halictus rubicundus

partners:
Bombus vosnesenskii
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Ceratina
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis tenax
Halictus farinosus
Lasioglossum

partners:
Halictus tripartitus
Agapostemon virescens
Allograpta obliqua
Amartus tinctus
Anax junius
Andrena piperi
Anthrenus verbasci
Aphelocoma californica

partners:
Anthrenus verbasci
Cnephasia longana
Coccinella septempunctata
Eumerus
Hemipenthes
Merodon equestris
Paragus haemorrhous
Platycheirus

partners:
Aphanomyces cochlioides
Erysiphe eschscholziae

quote: California poppy is a flowering herbaceous annual to deep-rooted perennial.

quote: Leaves are ternate, with three finely divided lobes, and are nearly glabrous.

quote: colored bright orange to light yellow; flowers may also have distinct, darker orange centers.


slug: eschscholzia-glyptosperma

scientific: Eschscholzia glyptosperma

authorship: Greene

epithet: glyptosperma

preferred: Desert Golden-Poppy

english:
Desert Golden-Poppy
desert goldenpoppy
desert poppy

codes: ARI CAL NEV UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 722 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Desert Golden-Poppy
desert goldenpoppy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Trichodes ornatus
Schizopus laetus

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Greene

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(3): 70


slug: eschscholzia-hypecoides

scientific: Eschscholzia hypecoides

authorship: Benth.

epithet: hypecoides

preferred: San Benito poppy

Eschscholzia caespitosa var. hypecoides

authorship: (Benth.) A.Gray

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life cycle

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: eschscholzia-lemmonii

scientific: Eschscholzia lemmonii

epithet: lemmonii

preferred: Lemmon's poppy

name: Eschscholzia caespitosa subsp. kernensis

authorship: Munz

Eschscholzia delitescens

authorship: Greene ex Fedde

Eschscholzia urceolata

authorship: Eastw.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 105 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: W. Amer. Sci. 3: 157


slug: eschscholzia-lobbii

scientific: Eschscholzia lobbii

epithet: lobbii

preferred: fryingpans

Eschscholzia graminea

authorship: Fedde

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 862 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: fryingpans frying-pans

source: Wikidata


slug: eschscholzia-minutiflora

scientific: Eschscholzia minutiflora

epithet: minutiflora

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 122 (1876)

preferred: pygmy poppy

name: Eschscholzia minutiflora var. darwinensis

name: Eschscholzia minutiflora var. minutiflora

Eschscholzia minutiflora var. rutifolia

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pygmy poppy
Little Gold Poppy

partners:
Lytta magister
Dymasia dymas
Microtia dymas

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xi. (1876) 122


slug: eschscholzia-palmeri

scientific: Eschscholzia palmeri

authorship: Rose

epithet: palmeri

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 23 (1890)

Eschscholzia frutescens

authorship: (Greene) J.T.Howell

Petromecon palmeri

authorship: (Rose) Greene

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

lifeform: subshrub

authors: Rose

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 23

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: eschscholzia-papastillii

scientific: Eschscholzia papastillii

authorship: Still

epithet: papastillii

preferred: cryptic desert poppy

source: usda

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 408 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: PhytoKeys 35: 50

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ESPA3


slug: eschscholzia-parishii

scientific: Eschscholzia parishii

epithet: parishii

preferred: Parish's poppy

codes: CAL MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1987 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Parish's poppy
goldpoppy

partners:
Coleoptera
Eupompha elegans
Hesperapis
Micralictoides ruficaudus

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(4): 183


slug: eschscholzia-ramosa

scientific: Eschscholzia ramosa

authorship: (Greene) Greene

epithet: ramosa

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 217 (1886)

preferred: Channel Island poppy

Eschscholzia wrigleyana

authorship: Millsp. & Nutt.

codes: CAL MXI MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 212 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Channel Island poppy
island poppy

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13(11): 217


slug: eschweilera-ovata

scientific: Eschweilera ovata

authorship: Mart. ex Miers

genus: Eschweilera

epithet: ovata

family: Lecythidaceae

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London  30: 257 (1874)

Eschweilera acuminata

authorship: Miers

Eschweilera blanchetiana

authorship: (O.Berg) Miers

Lecythis idatimon

authorship: DC. ex O.Berg

Lecythis odoratissima

authorship: Salzm. ex Miers

Lecythis ovata

authorship: Cambess.

Lecythis verrucosa

authorship: Hoffm. ex O.Berg

codes: BZN BZE BZL BZC

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: Ibirabá Imbiriba-preta

partners:
Alouatta belzebul
Sciurus aestuans
Cacicus haemorrhous
Callicebus coimbrai
Callicebus melanochir
Callithrix jacchus
Cuniculus paca
Dasyprocta leporina

value: perennial

authors: Mart. ex Miers

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30(2): 257


slug: escobedia-grandiflora

scientific: Escobedia grandiflora

authorship: (L.f.) Kuntze

genus: Escobedia

epithet: grandiflora

family: Orobanchaceae

Escobedia brevipes

authorship: Pennell

Escobedia curialis

authorship: (Vell.) Pennell

Escobedia scabrifolia

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Escobedia silvia

authorship: Steud.

Lisianthius longiflorus

authorship: Willd.

Micalia grandiflora

authorship: Raf.

Silvia curialis

authorship: Vell.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MXC MXE MXT MXS AGE BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU GUA PAN PAR PER VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Azafrancillo de Raíz
Azafrán

names:
Açafrão do campo
Açafrão do mato

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: escontria-chiotilla

scientific: Escontria chiotilla

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Rose

genus: Escontria

epithet: chiotilla

family: Cactaceae

preferred: Chiotilla

english: Chiotilla Jiotilla

Cereus chiotilla

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.

Myrtillocactus chiotilla

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath

codes: MXC MXS

lifeform: succulent shrub

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 100 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Chiotilla Jiotilla

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 126, pl. 43


slug: esenbeckia-flava

scientific: Esenbeckia flava

authorship: Brandegee

genus: Esenbeckia

epithet: flava

family: Rutaceae

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Vulnerable

names:
Palo amarillo (Baja California)
palo amarillo

authors: Brandegee


slug: esenbeckia-nesiotica

scientific: Esenbeckia nesiotica

authorship: Standl.

epithet: nesiotica

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 73 (1927)

names:
Palo amarillo
Zapotillo (Michoacán)

authors: Standl.

published_in: Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 73, pl. 1, fig. 6

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: espeletia-arbelaezii

scientific: Espeletia arbelaezii

authorship: Cuatrec.

genus: Espeletia

epithet: arbelaezii

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 247, fig. 2, 6E; tab. fig. (1940)

climate: montane tropical

authors: Cuatrec.

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 247, fig. 2, 6E; tab. fig. B


slug: espeletia-argentea-bonpl

scientific: Espeletia argentea

authorship: Bonpl.

epithet: argentea

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Frailejón (Plateado de Cundinamarca)
Frailejón Plateado de Cundinamarca

authors: Bonpl.

published_in: Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 2(9): 14, t. 71

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-argentea-humb-bonpl

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl.

published_in: (1808). Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 2(9)

Espeletia nivea

authorship: Moritz ex Wedd.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: espeletia-aristeguietana

scientific: Espeletia aristeguietana

epithet: aristeguietana

published_in: Phytologia 27: 174

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: espeletia-barclayana

scientific: Espeletia barclayana

epithet: barclayana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Phytologia 38: 10 (-12)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-boyacensis

scientific: Espeletia boyacensis

epithet: boyacensis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Phytologia 27: 176

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-brachyaxiantha

scientific: Espeletia brachyaxiantha

epithet: brachyaxiantha

name: Espeletia brachyaxiantha subsp. brachyaxiantha

Espeletia pescana

authorship: (S.Díaz) Cuatrec.

label: Endangered

published_in: Mutisia 37: 5, fig. 2

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-bracteosa

scientific: Espeletia bracteosa

epithet: bracteosa

Espeletia frailejonota

authorship: Aristeg.

Ruilopezia bracteosa

authorship: (Standl.) Cuatrec.

Ruilopezia frailejonota

authorship: (Aristeg.) Cuatrec.

lifeform: monocarpic perennial

published_in: Amer. J. Bot. 2: 484

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: espeletia-cachaluensis

scientific: Espeletia cachaluensis

authorship: Rodr.-Cabeza & S.Díaz

epithet: cachaluensis

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

authors: Rodr.-Cabeza & S.Díaz

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 33(125): 459 (-462; figs. 2d-3)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-colombiana

scientific: Espeletia colombiana

epithet: colombiana

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 249. 1940

Espeletiopsis colombiana

authorship: (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 249, fig. 5, 6B, C


slug: espeletia-congestiflora

scientific: Espeletia congestiflora

epithet: congestiflora

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 434, fig. 19, 23J (1940)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-corymbosa

scientific: Espeletia corymbosa

epithet: corymbosa

published_in: Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 2(9): 16. 1808 [1809 publ. Nov 1808]

Espeletia platylepis

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Wedd.

Espeletiopsis corymbosa

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 441 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 2(pt. 9): 16

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-frontinoensis

scientific: Espeletia frontinoensis

epithet: frontinoensis

published_in: Phytologia 38: 15 (-17)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-garciae

scientific: Espeletia garciae

epithet: garciae

published_in: Phytologia 23: 358


slug: espeletia-glandulosa

scientific: Espeletia glandulosa

epithet: glandulosa

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 434 (figs.) (1940)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-grandiflora-humb-bonpl

scientific: Espeletia grandiflora

epithet: grandiflora

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 684 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Frailejón Mayor
frailejón

partners:
Bombus funebris
Bombus rubicundus

partners:
Bombus funebris
Bombus rubicundus
Chrysometa zelotypa (Keyserling)
Ramphomicron microrhynchum

label: Eaten by

partners:
Aphididae sp.
Bombus funebris
Bombus rubicundus
Chalcostigma heteropogon
Chelopistes craxae
Dilophus espeletiae
Frankliniella fallaciosa
Frankliniella insularis

published_in: Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 2(9): 11, t. 70


slug: espeletia-grandiflora-bonpl


slug: espeletia-guacharaca

scientific: Espeletia guacharaca

epithet: guacharaca

name: Espeletiopsis jimenez-quesadae var. guacharaca

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Caldasia 11(53): 19, figs

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-hartwegiana

scientific: Espeletia hartwegiana

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Cuatrec.

epithet: hartwegiana

published_in: Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. n.° 26: 17, tab. 1, 2, fig. 2 (1933)

Espeletia grandiflora var. hartwegiana

authorship: (Cuatrec.) Benoist

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 368 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. no. 26: 17, tab. 1, 2, fig. 2

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-incana

scientific: Espeletia incana

epithet: incana

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 435, fig. 20A-E, 23K (1940)


slug: espeletia-jahnii

scientific: Espeletia jahnii

epithet: jahnii

published_in: Amer. J. Bot. 2: 479, fig. 5

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: espeletia-killipii

scientific: Espeletia killipii

epithet: killipii

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 425. 1940

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 425, fig. 2, 3, 4D, E; tab. 1

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: espeletia-lopezii

scientific: Espeletia lopezii

epithet: lopezii

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 248, fig. 3, 4, 6D; tab. f (1940)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 248, fig. 3, 4, 6D; tab. fig. C

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: espeletia-muiska

scientific: Espeletia muiska

epithet: muiska

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 429, figs (1940)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: espeletia-murilloi

scientific: Espeletia murilloi

epithet: murilloi

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 425, fig. 1, 4(A-C); tab. 1

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.