slug: viola-congesta

scientific: Viola congesta

authorship: Gillies

epithet: congesta

codes: AGW CLC

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Gillies

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-cornuta

scientific: Viola cornuta

authorship: L.

genus: Viola

epithet: cornuta

family: Violaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Mnemion cornutum

authorship: (L.) Spach

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: FRA SPA

France

code: FRA

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 319 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Horned Pansy
bedding pansy

names: 角堇 角堇菜

names: Violette cornue, Pensée à cornes, Pensée cornue

names:
trilliw corniog
Fioled Gorniog

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Amphion floridensis
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Atalopedes huron
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pascuorum

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Issoria lathonia

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Golovinomyces orontii
Peronospora violae
Puccinia violae

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: L.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: viola-corsica

scientific: Viola corsica

authorship: Nyman

epithet: corsica

Viola bertolonii

authorship: De Salis

codes: COR SAR

Corse

code: COR

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pensée de Corse
Violette corse

authors: Jord.

published_in: Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire i. (1857) 86 (nomen)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: viola-cotyledon

scientific: Viola cotyledon

authorship: Ging.

epithet: cotyledon

Viola nassauvioides

authorship: Phil.

codes: AGW AGS CLC

Argentina Northwest

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

Argentina South

code: AGS

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 158 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка котиледон

authors: Ging.


slug: viola-cucullata

scientific: Viola cucullata

authorship: Aiton

epithet: cucullata

preferred: marsh blue violet

source: wikidata

Viola ciliata

authorship: Schltdl.

Viola consors

authorship: Greene

Viola cordata

authorship: Walter

Viola cucullata f. prionosepala

authorship: (Greene) Brainerd

Viola cucullata var. cordata

authorship: (Walter) A.Gray

Viola cucullata var. microtitis

authorship: Brainerd

Viola cucullata var. minor

authorship: Hook.

Viola cucullata var. reniformis

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Viola mesochora

authorship: Greene ex Rosend.

Viola obliqua

authorship: Pursh

authorship: Hill

Viola palmata var. cucullata

authorship: (Aiton) A.Gray

Viola primulifolia var. cordata

authorship: (Walter) DC.

Viola resupinata

authorship: Moench

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Violette a capuchon
Violette à capuchon, Violette oblique

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena carlini
Andrena cineraria
Andrena spiraeana
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthocomus
Anthocomus erichsoni
Anthophora dispar

partners:
Andrena carlini
Andrena violae
Anthophora ursina
Apis mellifera
Bombias separatus
Bombus auricomus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus

partners:
Ametastegia pallipes
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca
Argynnis aglaja
Barynotus moerens
Barynotus obscurus
Boloria napaea
Boloria pales

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: viola-cuneata

scientific: Viola cuneata

epithet: cuneata

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 290 (1879)

preferred: wedgeleaf violet

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 398 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wedgeleaf violet
northern two-eyed violet

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 290


slug: viola-cunninghamii

scientific: Viola cunninghamii

epithet: cunninghamii

Viola perexigua

authorship: Colenso

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CTM NZN NZS TAS

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Tasmania

code: TAS

region: Australia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 696 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Avibrissina isolata
Eristalinae
Erythronychia aliena
Unidentified sp7 M_PL_029
Veluta albicincta

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

published_in: Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.). 1: 16


slug: viola-curtisiae

scientific: Viola curtisiae

authorship: (L.G.Adams) K.R.Thiele

epithet: curtisiae

codes: TAS VIC

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.G.Adams) K.R.Thiele

published_in: Muelleria 36: 109

field: phenology

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-dacica

scientific: Viola dacica

authorship: Borbás

epithet: dacica

published_in: Magyar Növényt. Lapok 13: 79 (1890)

Viola declinata var. prolixa

authorship: Adamovic

Viola prolixa

authorship: (Adamovic) Pančić ex W.Becker

codes: ALB BUL CZE YUG POL ROM UKR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

region: Middle Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка дакийская

names: Фіалка дакійська

authors: Borbás

published_in: Magyar Növényt. Lapok xiii. (1890) 79; et ex Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. xli. (1891)75. 183

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-dactyloides

scientific: Viola dactyloides

authorship: Schult.

epithet: dactyloides

Viola dactyloides var. calcicola

authorship: Vorosch.

codes: AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK KHA KRA CHM MON PRM TVA YAK

Amur

code: AMU

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 418 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка пальчатая

names: Сарвуухай нил

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun

authors: Schult.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 351

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-declinata

scientific: Viola declinata

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

epithet: declinata

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 248 (1807)

Viola latisepala

authorship: Wettst.

codes: ROM UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка наклоненный

names: Фіалка відхилена

partners:
Bombus sylvarum
Lycaena virgaureae
Sphaerophoria scripta

value: Jun-Aug

authors: Waldst. & Kit.

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 248

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-decumbens

scientific: Viola decumbens

epithet: decumbens

preferred: wild violet

Viola scrotiformis

authorship: DC. ex Ging.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: subshrub

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 262 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: subshrub

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 397

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-demetria

scientific: Viola demetria

authorship: Prolongo ex Boiss.

epithet: demetria

published_in: Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 73 (1839)

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: annual

value: annual

authors: Prolongo ex Boiss.

published_in: Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 73

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-diffusa

scientific: Viola diffusa

authorship: Ging.

epithet: diffusa

preferred: spreading violet

Viola apoensis

authorship: Elmer

Viola diffusa subsp. tenuis

authorship: (Benth.) W.Becker

Viola diffusa var. brevibarbata

authorship: Ching J.Wang

Viola fargesii

authorship: Boissieu

Viola kiusiana

authorship: Makino

Viola parkeri

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

Viola tenuis

authorship: Benth.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI CHT ASS EHM LAO MYA NEP NWG PHI THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 669 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 七星莲 七星莲*(匍伏堇、蔓茎堇菜）

partners:
Anthrenoides
Augochlorodes turrifaciens
Dialictus


slug: viola-dissecta

scientific: Viola dissecta

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: dissecta

preferred: cutleaf japanese violet

Viola dissecta f. pubescens

authorship: (Regel) Kitag.

Viola lii

authorship: Kitag.

Viola pinnata var. dissecta

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK KAZ KGZ KOR KRA CHM MON PRM TVA WSB YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 653 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 裂叶堇菜 疗毒草

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: viola-douglasii

scientific: Viola douglasii

authorship: Steud.

epithet: douglasii

preferred: Douglas' golden violet

Viola chrysantha var. nevadensis

authorship: Kellogg

codes: CAL MXN ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 754 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Douglas' golden violet
Douglas' violet

authors: Steud.

published_in: Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2 2: 771


slug: viola-dubyana

scientific: Viola dubyana

authorship: Burnat ex Gremli

epithet: dubyana

published_in: Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 3: 438 (1878)

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Chrysomela vigintipunctata

authors: Burnat ex Gremli

published_in: Excursionsfl. Schweiz, Ed. 3. 438 (1878)


slug: viola-egglestonii

scientific: Viola egglestonii

authorship: Brainerd

epithet: egglestonii

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 526 (1910)

preferred: glade violet

Viola septemloba subsp. egglestonii

authorship: (Brainerd) L.E.McKinney

codes: ALA GEO INI KTY TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
glade violet
Eggleston's violet

authors: Brainerd

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 526, pl. 34, 35


slug: viola-eizanensis

scientific: Viola eizanensis

authorship: (Makino) Makino

epithet: eizanensis

Japan

code: JAP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Makino) Makino


slug: viola-elatior

scientific: Viola elatior

authorship: Fr.

epithet: elatior

Viola danubialis

authorship: Borbás

name: Viola fedtschenkoana var. fedtschenkoana

Viola hornemanniana

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Viola montana

authorship: L.

Viola persicifolia

authorship: Schreb.

Viola procera

authorship: Pall. ex Ledeb.

Viola stipulacea

authorship: Fr. ex Hartm.

codes: ALT IRN KAZ KGZ NCS TZK TCS UZB WSB CHX PAK WHM AUT BLT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG RUW POL ROM RUS SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 529 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фіалка висока


slug: viola-eminens

scientific: Viola eminens

authorship: K.R.Thiele & Prober

epithet: eminens

codes: NSW SOA VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 168 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: K.R.Thiele & Prober

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-epipsila

scientific: Viola epipsila

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: epipsila

published_in: Index Seminum (TU, Dorpatensis) 1820: 5 (1820)

preferred: dwarf marsh violet

Viola palustris var. epipsila

authorship: (Ledeb.) Maxim.

codes: ALT KAZ KRA WSB BLT BLR RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN GER ICE RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SWE

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Baltic States

code: BLT

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

Iceland

code: ICE

North European Russia

code: RUN

Norway

code: NOR

Romania

code: ROM

Sweden

code: SWE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 625 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dwarf marsh violet
Northern Marsh Violet

names: Фиалка лысая

names:
Fiołek torfowy
fiolek torfowy

names: Фіалка різнолиста

names: korpiorvokki mossviol

partners:
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Philaenus spumarius


slug: viola-epipsiloides

scientific: Viola epipsiloides

authorship: Á.Löve & D.Löve

epithet: epipsiloides

Viola achyrophora

authorship: Greene

Viola epipsila var. repens

authorship: (W.Becker) R.J.Little

Viola palustroides

authorship: (W.Beck.) Tzvelev

Viola repens

authorship: Turcz. ex Trautv. & C.A.Mey.

Viola repens var. albiflora

authorship: Popov

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 494 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: May-Jul

authors: Á.Löve & D.Löve

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: viola-eugeniae

scientific: Viola eugeniae

authorship: Parl.

epithet: eugeniae

published_in: Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7: 68 (1875)

Viola levieri

authorship: Parl. ex Caruel

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 315 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Parl.

published_in: Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. vii. (1875)


slug: viola-ferrarinii

scientific: Viola ferrarinii

authorship: Moraldo & Ricceri

epithet: ferrarinii

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Moraldo & Ricceri


slug: viola-filicaulis

scientific: Viola filicaulis

epithet: filicaulis

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand North

code: NZN

region: New Zealand

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 707 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.). 1: 16


slug: viola-flettii

scientific: Viola flettii

authorship: Piper

epithet: flettii

preferred: Flett's Violet

english:
Flett's Violet
Flett's violet
Olympic Violet
Olympic violet
rock violet

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 148 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
rock violet
Flett's violet

authors: Piper

published_in: Erythea 6: 69


slug: viola-formosana

scientific: Viola formosana

authorship: Hayata

epithet: formosana

Viola formosana var. stenopetala

authorship: (Hayata) J.C.Wang, T.C.Huang & T.Hashim.

Viola formosana var. tozanensis

authorship: (Hayata) C.F.Hsieh

Viola takasagoensis

authorship: Koidz.

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1063 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 臺灣堇菜 虾壳钱

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo xxii. 28 (1906)


slug: viola-frigida

scientific: Viola frigida

authorship: Phil.

epithet: frigida

Viola frigida var. borchersi

authorship: Reiche

codes: AGW CLC CLN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

climate: subalpine or subarctic

authors: Phil.

published_in: Fl. Atacam. 9

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-fuscoviolacea

scientific: Viola fuscoviolacea

authorship: (L.G.Adams) T.A.James

epithet: fuscoviolacea

codes: TAN NSW TAS VIC

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

New South Wales

code: NSW

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.G.Adams) T.A.James

published_in: Muelleria 9: 35

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-glabella

scientific: Viola glabella

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: glabella

preferred: stream violet

english:
stream violet
Pioneer Violet
Stream Violet
pioneer violet
smooth yellow woodland violet
yellow wood violet

source: inat

Viola biflora var. sitchensis

authorship: (Bong.) Regel

Viola canadensis var. sitchensis

authorship: Bong. ex Ledeb.

Viola glabella var. remotifolia

authorship: Suksd.

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE WAS

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Viola pubescens

slug: viola-pubescens

names: Фиалка гладкая

partners:
Boloria epithore
Lasioglossum inconditum
Lepidoptera

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Celastrina ladon echo
Enchoria lacteata

partners:
Boloria epithore
Speyeria hydaspe

value: Jul-Aug

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(1): 142

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: viola-gmeliniana

scientific: Viola gmeliniana

authorship: Schult.

epithet: gmeliniana

Viola fusiformis

authorship: Sm.

Viola gmeliniana var. glabra

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KHA CHM MON PRM WSB YAK

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 590 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка Гмелина

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 354

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-gracilis

scientific: Viola gracilis

epithet: gracilis

Viola calycina

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Viola olympica

authorship: Boiss.

codes: TUR ALB BUL GRC YUG

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

authors: Sm.

published_in: Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1(1): 146

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-grahamii

scientific: Viola grahamii

authorship: Benth.

epithet: grahamii

Viola pringlei

authorship: Rose & House

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena
Anthomyia
Bombus lucorum
Coenosia
Dilophus
Drymeia hamata
Glyphipterix fuscoviridella
Hylemya partita

authors: Benth.

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 35

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-grypoceras

scientific: Viola grypoceras

epithet: grypoceras

published_in: Narr. Exped. China Japan 2: 308 (1857)

preferred: creeping Korean violet

Viola grypoceras var. pubescens

authorship: Nakai

Viola leveillei

authorship: Boissieu

Viola longepedunculata

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Viola sylvestris var. candida

authorship: (H.Boissieu) H.Lév.

Viola sylvestris var. grypoceras

authorship: (A.Gray) Maxim.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR KUR NNS SAK TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 741 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
creeping Korean violet
cyclamen-leaf violet

names: 紫花堇菜 地黄瓜

names: Фиалка орлиноклювая

names: tachitsubo-sumire タチツボスミレ

partners:
Andrena watasei
Anthocharis cardamines
Bibio
Bibio gracilipalpus
Bombylius major
Ceratina japonica
Ceratina megastigmata
Eucera nipponensis

partners:
Speyeria aglaja
Argynnis anadyomene
Clossiana iphigenia

published_in: Narr. Exped. China Seas Japan 1852-1854 [M.C. Perry] 2: 308


slug: viola-guatemalensis

scientific: Viola guatemalensis

epithet: guatemalensis

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 6 (1924)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS GUA HON PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

climate: montane tropical

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 6

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-hallii

scientific: Viola hallii

epithet: hallii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 377 (1872)

preferred: Oregon violet

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 271 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Oregon violet
hall's violet

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts viii. (1872) 377


slug: viola-hamiltoniana

scientific: Viola hamiltoniana

epithet: hamiltoniana

Viola alata

authorship: Burgersd.

Viola alata subsp. verecunda

authorship: (A.Gray) W.Becker

Viola arcuata

authorship: Blume

Viola arcuata f. radicans

authorship: (Makino) Nakai

Viola arcuata var. verecunda

authorship: (A.Gray) Nakai

Viola distans

authorship: Wall.

Viola excisa

authorship: Hance

Viola herbivaga

authorship: Ridl.

Viola toppingii

authorship: Elmer

Viola verecunda f. candidissima

authorship: Mizushima ex E.Hama

Viola verecunda f. hensoaensis

authorship: Kudô & Sasaki

Viola verecunda f. radicans

authorship: Makino

Viola verecunda var. semilunaris

authorship: Maxim.

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM PRM SAK TAI ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO MOL MYA NEP NWG PHI SUM THA VIE WHM

Amur

code: AMU

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 611 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena minutula
Bombus hypocrita hypocrita
Bombylius major
Bombylus major
Ceratina esakii
Ceratina japonica
Ceratina megastigmata
Colpura lativentristi

partners:
Bombus
Bombylius major
Ceratina esakii
Ceratina japonica
Ceratina megastigmata
Chrysomelidae
Empididae
Lasius niger

partners:
Argyreus hyperbius
Argynnis paphia
Argyronome laodice
Argyronome ruslana
Clossiana iphigenia
Clossiana thore
Damora sagana
Fabriciana nerippe


slug: viola-hastata

scientific: Viola hastata

authorship: Michx.

epithet: hastata

preferred: Halberd-leaved violet

english:
Halberd-leaved violet
halberdleaf yellow violet

Viola trifida

authorship: Spreng.

codes: ALA CNT FLA GEO INI KTY MRY MSI NWY NCA OHI PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1981 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
halberdleaf yellow violet
Halberd-leaf Yellow Violet

authors: Michx.


slug: viola-hederacea

scientific: Viola hederacea

authorship: Labill.

epithet: hederacea

Erpetion cymbalariae

authorship: DC. ex Sweet

Erpetion hederacea

authorship: (Labill.) Sweet

Viola hederacea var. elatines

authorship: DC.

Viola hederacea var. sieberi

authorship: (Hook.) Hook.f.

Viola sieberi

authorship: Hook.

codes: NSW NZN QLD SOA TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

New Zealand North

code: NZN

region: New Zealand

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2005 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Australian Trailing Violet
Australian violet

names: 常春藤叶堇菜 澳洲菫菜

names: Фиалка плющелистная

names:
Violette australienne
Violette à feuille de lierre

names:
סיגל קיסוסי
סיגלית אוסטרלית

names:
violka břečťanová
violka břečťanová pravá

authors: Labill.


slug: viola-hirsutula

scientific: Viola hirsutula

authorship: Brainerd

epithet: hirsutula

preferred: southern woodland violet

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO INI KTY MRY MSI NWJ NWY NCA OHI PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

New Jersey

code: NWJ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 621 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern woodland violet
southern wood violet

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-hirta

scientific: Viola hirta

authorship: L.

epithet: hirta

preferred: hairy violet

Viola abortiva

authorship: Jord.

Viola calcarea

authorship: Gregory

Viola drymeia

authorship: Schur

Viola hirsuta

authorship: Crantz

Viola hirta var. gymnocarpa

authorship: Beck

Viola hirto-alba

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Viola maillardii

authorship: Souché

Viola rubra

authorship: Aubl. ex Steud.

codes: ALT IRN KAZ KGZ KRA NCS TCS WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2044 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Behaartes Veilchen
Rauhhaariges Veilchen

partners:
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pratorum
Aglais io
Andrena bicolor
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar

partners:
Aglais io
Anthocharis cardamines
Gonepteryx rhamni
Pieris napi
Aglais urticae
Andrena bicolor
Anthophora plumipes
Boloria selene

partners:
Fabriciana adippe
Pancalia leuwenhoekella
Pancalia schwarzella
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos


slug: viola-hondoensis

scientific: Viola hondoensis

authorship: W.Becker & Boissieu

epithet: hondoensis

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 739 (1908)

Viola hirta var. japonica

authorship: Maxim.

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: アオイスミレ aoi-sumire

authors: W.Becker & Boissieu

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. II. viii. 739 (1908)

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-hookeriana

scientific: Viola hookeriana

authorship: Kunth

epithet: hookeriana

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: Kunth

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] v. 369

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: viola-howellii

scientific: Viola howellii

epithet: howellii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 308 (1887)

preferred: Howell's violet

Viola subcordata

authorship: Greene

codes: BRC CAL ORE

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 308

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-humilis

scientific: Viola humilis

epithet: humilis

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS CLM VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America


slug: viola-hymettia

scientific: Viola hymettia

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

epithet: hymettia

Viola arvensioides

authorship: Strobl

Viola olyssiponensis

authorship: Rouy

codes: EAI NCS TCS ALB RUC RUE FRA GRC ITA KRY POR ROM SIC RUS TUE UKR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 192 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Фиалка Гиметтская
Фиалка Лавренко

names: Фіалка гіметська

value: therophyte

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-inconspicua

scientific: Viola inconspicua

authorship: Blume

epithet: inconspicua

published_in: Catalogus : 57 (1823)

Viola apetala

authorship: Roxb.

Viola confusa

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

Viola confusa subsp. nagasakiensis

authorship: (W.Becker) F.Maek. & Hashim.

Viola inconspicua f. albescens

authorship: (Taken.) Yonek.

Viola inconspicua subsp. nagasakiensis

authorship: (W.Becker) J.C.Wang & T.C.Huang

Viola inconspicua var. minor

authorship: (Makino) S.S.Ying

Viola minor

authorship: (Makino) Makino

Viola minor var. albescens

authorship: Taken.

Viola patrinii var. minor

authorship: Makino

Viola primulifolia

authorship: Lour.

Viola pseudomonbeigii

authorship: Chang

Viola serpens var. confusa

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Hook.f. & Thomson

codes: MAU CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP TAI ASS EHM JAW MLY MYA PHI VIE WHM

Mauritius

code: MAU

region: Western Indian Ocean

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Philippines

code: PHI

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 如意草 铧尖草

names: ヒメスミレ ヒメスミレ(広義)

partners:
Argynnis hyperbius hyperbius
Argyreus hyperbius
Argyronome ruslana

value: phanerophyte

published_in: Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (Blume) 57. 1823; et Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 58. 1825


slug: viola-irinae

scientific: Viola irinae

authorship: Zolot.

epithet: irinae

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 230 (1984)

names: Фиалка зубчатоцветковая

authors: Zolot.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: viola-jooi

scientific: Viola jooi

authorship: Janka

epithet: jooi

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 198 (1857)

Viola transsilvanica

authorship: Schur

codes: ROM UKR

Romania

code: ROM

authors: Janka

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 198


slug: viola-kauaensis

scientific: Viola kauaensis

epithet: kauaensis

preferred: pohe hiwa

Viola kauaensis var. hosakae

authorship: (H.St.John) Havran & Ching Harbin

Hawaii

code: HAW

continent: PACIFIC

region: North-Central Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pohe hiwa
Kauai violet

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

published_in: U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15: 85


slug: viola-keiskei

scientific: Viola keiskei

authorship: Miq.

epithet: keiskei

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 153 (1866)

codes: JAP KOR

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ke-maruba-sumire maruba-sumire

partners:
Argynnis paphia
Speyeria aglaja

authors: Miq.

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 153


slug: viola-kitaibeliana

scientific: Viola kitaibeliana

authorship: Schult.

epithet: kitaibeliana

Viola arvensis subsp. kitaibeliana

authorship: (Schult.) Mateo & Figuerola

Viola brachyantha

authorship: Stapf

Viola karakalensis

authorship: Klokov

codes: CNY MOR CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TKM TUR ALB AUT BUL COR CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sicilia

code: SIC

South European Russia

code: RUS

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 898 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка Китайбеля

names: Фіалка китайбелева

names:
סיגל עטוי
סיגל קיטאבל

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major

partners:
Ametastegia pallipes
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca
Argynnis aglaja
Barynotus moerens
Barynotus obscurus
Boloria napaea
Boloria pales

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 383


slug: viola-kusanoana

scientific: Viola kusanoana

epithet: kusanoana

Viola dageletiana

authorship: Nakai

codes: JAP KOR KUR PRM SAK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

region: Russian Far East

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка Кусано

names: オオタチツボスミレ o-tachitsubo-sumire

partners:
Andrena stellaria
Athalia japonica
Bombylus major
Ceratina japonica
Ceratina megastigmata
Cheilosia
Lasioglossum problematicum
Mecoptera

partners:
Andrena
Athalia japonica
Bombylius major
Ceratina japonica
Ceratina megastigmata
Cheilosia
Empididae
Lasioglossum

partners:
Argynnis anadyomene
Argynnis paphia
Argyronome laodice
Argyronome ruslana
Clossiana iphigenia
Clossiana thore
Speyeria aglaja

value: May

authors: Makino

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 173

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-labradorica

scientific: Viola labradorica

authorship: Schrank

epithet: labradorica

published_in: Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 1(2): 12 (1818)

preferred: alpine violet

Viola adunca var. minor

authorship: (Hook.) Fernald

Viola canina var. muhlenbergii

authorship: (Torr.) A.Gray

Viola conspersa

authorship: Rchb.

Viola muhlenbergiana

authorship: Ging.

Viola muhlenbergiana var. albiflora

authorship: Hook.

Viola muhlenbergii

authorship: Torr.

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO GNL ILL INI KTY LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Greenland

code: GNL

region: Subarctic America

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка лабрадорская

partners:
Pyrgus centaureae
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus vagans
Osmia bucephala
Pieris virginiensis

published_in: Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg i. II. 12

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: viola-lactea

scientific: Viola lactea

authorship: Sm.

epithet: lactea

published_in: English Botany vii. t. 445 (1798).

Viola lamiifolia

authorship: Pritz.

codes: FRA GRB IRE POR SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Ireland

code: IRE

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pale Dog-Violet
Pale Heath Violet

names:
Violette blanchâtre
Violette laiteuse, Violette blanchâtre

names:
fioled welw
Fioledau Gwelw

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: viola-lanceolata

scientific: Viola lanceolata

authorship: L.

epithet: lanceolata

preferred: Howell's Violet

english:
Howell's Violet
Lance-leaved Violet
bog white violet
lance-leaved violet

Viola attenuata

authorship: Sweet

Viola denticulosa

authorship: Pollard

Viola lanceolata var. vittata

authorship: (Greene) Weath. & Griscom

Viola vittata

authorship: Greene

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1733 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

partners:
Atrytonopsis hianna
Celastrina lucia
Erynnis juvenalis
Incisalia eryphon
Zadontomerus

partners:
Ceratina calcarata
Speyeria aphrodite
Speyeria idalia

partners:
Cleruchus pluteus
Ophioneurus signatus
Poropoea defilippii
Trichogramma evanescens


slug: viola-langeana

scientific: Viola langeana

authorship: Valentine

epithet: langeana

published_in: Feddes Repert. 79: 57 (1968)

Viola caespitosa

authorship: Lange

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Valentine

published_in: Feddes Repert. 79: 57

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-langsdorffii

scientific: Viola langsdorffii

authorship: Fisch. ex Ging.

epithet: langsdorffii

preferred: Aleutian violet

Viola ursina

authorship: Kom.

codes: JAP KAM KUR SAK YAK ASK ALU BRC CAL ORE WAS YUK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

region: Siberia

Alaska

code: ASK

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 423 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthus rubescens
Calcarius lapponicus

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Fisch. ex Ging.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: viola-lobata

scientific: Viola lobata

authorship: Benth.

epithet: lobata

preferred: pine violet

Viola lobata subsp. integrifolia

authorship: (S.Watson) R.J.Little

Viola lobata subsp. psychodes

authorship: (Greene) Munz

Viola lobata var. psychodes

authorship: (Greene) J.T.Howell

Viola sequoiensis

authorship: Kellogg

codes: CAL MXN ORE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1648 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pine violet
Moosehorn Violet

value: herb

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 298


slug: viola-lutea

scientific: Viola lutea

authorship: Huds.

epithet: lutea

Mnemion sudeticum

authorship: (Willd.) Fourr.

Viola calaminaria

authorship: (Ging.) Lej.

Viola calaminaria subsp. westfalica

authorship: (W.Ernst) J.Heimans

Viola guestphalica

authorship: Nauenb.

Viola sudetica

authorship: Willd.

Viola sudetica var. calaminaria

authorship: Ging.

codes: AUT BGM CZE FRA GER GRB IRE NET POL SPA SWI

Austria

code: AUT

Belgium

code: BGM

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Netherlands

code: NET

Poland

code: POL

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 813 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pensee jaune
Pensée jaune

names:
trilliw y mynydd
Crinllys Melyn Mynyddog

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus lucorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major

partners:
Hylemyza partita
Pollenia rudis
Polyommatus icarus
Scathophaga stercoraria
Siphona geniculata
Aglais io
Andrena
Andrena cineraria

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca

value: non-woody

value: deciduous

published_in: Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 331; Sm. Fl. Brit.1: 248

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: viola-lyallii

scientific: Viola lyallii

epithet: lyallii

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand North

code: NZN

region: New Zealand

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lyall's Native Violet
New Zealand native violet

value: perennial

published_in: Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 16

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-macloskeyi

scientific: Viola macloskeyi

epithet: macloskeyi

preferred: small white violet

Viola blanda subsp. macloskeyi

authorship: (F.E.Lloyd) A.E.Murray

Viola blanda var. macloskeyi

authorship: (F.E.Lloyd) Jeps.

Viola clandestina

authorship: Pursh

Viola macloskeyi subsp. pallens

authorship: (Banks ex Ging.) M.S.Baker

Viola macloskeyi var. pallens

authorship: (Banks ex Ging.) C.L.Hitchc.

Viola minuscula

authorship: Greene

Viola pallens

authorship: (Banks ex Ging.) Brainerd

Viola pallens subsp. macloskeyi

authorship: (F.E.Lloyd) M.S.Baker

Viola rotundifolia var. pallens

authorship: Banks ex Ging.

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL CNT DEL GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KTY LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO MNT NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO DOM

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 869 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка Маклоски

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: viola-maculata

scientific: Viola maculata

authorship: Cav.

epithet: maculata

Viola buchtienii

authorship: Gand.

Viola fimbriata

authorship: Steud.

Viola glandulosa

authorship: Domb. ex Ging.

Viola grandidentata

authorship: Kalela

Viola maculata f. buchtieniana

authorship: Skottsb.

Viola maculata f. grandidentata

authorship: (Kalela) Weibel

Viola maculata subsp. microphyllos

authorship: (Poir.) Weibel

Viola maculata var. buchtienii

authorship: (Gand.) Weibel

Viola maculata var. megaphylla

authorship: DC. ex Ging.

Viola maculata var. minor

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Viola maculata var. popetae

authorship: Sparre

Viola maculata var. pubescens

authorship: Reiche

Viola maculata var. tenuifolia

authorship: Speg.

Viola microphyllos

authorship: Poir.

Viola tetrapetala

authorship: Molina

codes: FAL AGS CLC CLS

Falkland Is.

code: FAL

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

Argentina South

code: AGS

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Cav.

published_in: Icon. [Cavanilles] vi. 20. t. 539

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-magellanica

scientific: Viola magellanica

epithet: magellanica

published_in: Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 9: 41 (1789)

codes: FAL AGS CLS

published_in: Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. ix. (1789) 41. t. 8

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-mandshurica

scientific: Viola mandshurica

epithet: mandshurica

published_in: Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 120: 179 (1917)

Viola alisoviana f. intermedia

authorship: (Kitag.) Taken.

Viola hsinganensis

authorship: Taken.

Viola mandshurica f. albiflora

authorship: P.Y.Fu & Y.C.Teng

Viola mandshurica f. ciliata

authorship: (Nakai) F.Maek.

Viola mandshurica f. glabra

authorship: (Nakai) Hiyama ex Maek.

Viola mandshurica f. macrantha

authorship: (Maxim.) Nakai & Kitag.

Viola mandshurica var. ciliata

authorship: Nakai

Viola oblongosagittata f. ishizakii

authorship: Yamam.

Viola patrinii var. macrantha

authorship: Maxim.

Viola philippica f. intermedia

authorship: (Kitag.) Kitag.

Viola rhodosepala

authorship: Kitag.

codes: AMU CHN CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM OGA PRM

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 358 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Manchuria violet
Manchurian violet

names: 紫花地丁 犁头草

names: Фиалка маньчжурская

names: sumire スミレ

partners:
Argyreus hyperbius
Speyeria aglaja
Argynnis anadyomene
Argynnis paphia
Argyronome laodice
Argyronome ruslana
Erynnis montanus
Fabriciana adippe

value: hemicryptophyte

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(5, Beibl. 120): 179

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-mauritii

scientific: Viola mauritii

authorship: Teplouchow

epithet: mauritii

published_in: Zap. Ural'sk. Obshch. Lyubit. Estestv. 7(3): 37 (1882)

codes: ALT AMU BRY IRK KHA KRA MAG MON TVA WSB YAK RUE RUN

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

names: Фиалка Мориса

value: Jun

authors: Tepl.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-maximowicziana

scientific: Viola maximowicziana

authorship: Makino

epithet: maximowicziana

Japan

code: JAP

names: コミヤマスミレ ko-miyama-sumire

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 128

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: viola-microphylla

scientific: Viola microphylla

authorship: Phil.

epithet: microphylla

Viola philippii var. arbuscula

authorship: Reiche

codes: AGW CLC CLS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Phil.


slug: viola-mirabilis

scientific: Viola mirabilis

authorship: L.

epithet: mirabilis

preferred: wonder violet

Viola mirabilis subsp. brachysepala

authorship: (Maxim.) Vorosch.

Viola mirabilis subsp. subglabra

authorship: (Ledeb.) Zuev

Viola mirabilis var. brachysepala

authorship: (Maxim.) Regel

Viola mirabilis var. subglabra

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK JAP KAZ KHA KOR KRA CHM MON NCS PRM TCS WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER HUN ITA KRY YUG RUN NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2069 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка удивительная

names: イブキスミレ イブキスミレ(広義)

names: Violette admirable, Violette étonnante, Violette singulière

names: Фіалка дивовижна

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Chrysomela vigintipunctata


slug: viola-missouriensis

scientific: Viola missouriensis

authorship: Greene

epithet: missouriensis

preferred: Missouri violet

Viola candidula

authorship: Nieuwl.

Viola langloisii var. pedatiloba

authorship: Brainerd

Viola sororia var. missouriensis

authorship: (Greene) L.E.McKinney

codes: ARK FLA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MIN MSI MSO NEB NWM OKL SDA TEN TEX VRG WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: viola-montagnei

scientific: Viola montagnei

authorship: Gay

epithet: montagnei

Viola flos-mariae

authorship: Hieron.

codes: AGW CLC CLN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Gay

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-mucronulifera

scientific: Viola mucronulifera

epithet: mucronulifera

Viola kwangtungensis

authorship: Melch.

codes: CHC CHS

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 小尖堇菜 廣東堇菜

published_in: Sinensia 2: 4


slug: viola-munbyana

scientific: Viola munbyana

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

epithet: munbyana

published_in: Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. : 15 (1852)

Viola villaris

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

codes: ALG MOR TUN SIC

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss. & Reut.

published_in: Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 15


slug: viola-nagasawae

scientific: Viola nagasawae

authorship: Makino & Hayata

epithet: nagasawae

Viola acutilabella

authorship: Hayata

Viola diffusa var. nagasawai

authorship: (Makino & Hayata) S.S.Ying

Viola nagasawai var. acutilabella

authorship: (Hayata) Nakai

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 492 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Makino & Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 22: 30


slug: viola-nannei

scientific: Viola nannei

authorship: Pol.

epithet: nannei

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

names: corazón violeta

authors: Pol.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-nemoralis

scientific: Viola nemoralis

authorship: Kuetz.

epithet: nemoralis

codes: ALT TVA WSB RUN

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

North European Russia

code: RUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1855 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Kuetz.

published_in: Linnaea 7(1): 46


slug: viola-nephrophylla

scientific: Viola nephrophylla

epithet: nephrophylla

preferred: northern bog violet

Viola nephrophylla var. arizonica

authorship: (Greene) Kearney & Peebles

Viola nephrophylla var. cognata

authorship: (Greene) C.L.Hitchc.

codes: ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT IDA ILL INI IOW KAN MAI MAN MAS MXE MXN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWM NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC NUN OHI OKL ONT ORE PEI QUE SAS SDA TEX UTA VER WAS WIS WYO YUK

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 890 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
violette des calcaires
violette néphrophylle

quote: Northern bog violet is a small perennial forb

quote: Northern bog violet is a widespread native forb

quote: 0.4 to 0.8 inch (10 to 20 mm) purple or blueish flowers

value: produces fruit and seed via cleistogamy in late summer

quote: Plants produce fruit and seed via cleistogamy in late summer.


slug: viola-nuttallii

scientific: Viola nuttallii

authorship: Pursh

epithet: nuttallii

preferred: Nuttall's violet

Crocion nuttallii

authorship: (Pursh) Nieuwl. & Lunell

codes: ABT ARI COL IDA KAN MAN MIN MNT NEB NWM NDA SAS SDA UTA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1996 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nuttall's violet
Nuttall's yellow violet

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera

partners:
Colias philodice
Erynnis persius
Euchloe olympia
Euptoieta claudia
Pontia sisymbrii
Pyrgus communis

partners:
Speyeria hydaspe
Speyeria mormonia


slug: viola-obtusa

scientific: Viola obtusa

authorship: (Makino) Makino

epithet: obtusa

Viola ovato-oblonga var. obtusa

authorship: Makino

codes: JAP KOR TAI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Musky violet
blunt violet

names: nioi-tachitsubo-sumire ニオイタチツボスミレ(広義)

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 151

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-ocellata

scientific: Viola ocellata

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: ocellata

preferred: western heart's ease

english:
western heart's ease
pinto violet

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1973 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pinto violet
two-eyed violet

partners:
Boloria epithore
Pieris marginalis

authors: Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(1): 142


slug: viola-odorata

scientific: Viola odorata

authorship: L.

epithet: odorata

preferred: Sweet violet

english:
Sweet violet
English violet
Sweet Violet
common violet
florist's violet
garden violet
sweet violet
wood violet

Viola austriaca

authorship: A.Kern. & Jos.Kern.

Viola consimilis

authorship: Jord.

Viola cyclophylla

authorship: Gand.

Viola favratii

authorship: Hausskn. ex Favrat

Viola gonzali

authorship: Sennen

Viola hortensis

authorship: Schur

Viola maderensis

authorship: Lowe

Viola odora

authorship: Neck.

Viola odorata subsp. maderensis

authorship: (Lowe) G.Kunkel

Viola odorata var. albiflora

authorship: Pančić

Viola odorata var. incompta

authorship: (Jord.) Espeut

Viola officinalis

authorship: Crantz

Viola pirottae

authorship: Chiov.

Viola plantaginea

authorship: Webb ex Christ

Viola steveni

authorship: Besser ex Fauc.

Viola sulfurea

authorship: Cariot

Viola vilmoriniana

authorship: Delacour & Mottet

Viola vinealis

authorship: Boreau

Viola wiedemannii

authorship: Boiss.

codes: ALG AZO CNY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUW POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2004 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Cyanin

activities: Antipolio Antiviral Emetic Pesticide Pigment

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Saponins

activities:
Antihepatomic
Antimutagenic
Antitumor (Lung)
Antitumor (Ovary)
Immunomodulator

Eugenol

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiTNF Antiaggregant Antiarachidonate Antibacterial

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Scopoletin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiadrenergic Antiaflatoxin Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Фиалка душистая
fialka

names: ヴァイオレット ニオイスミレ

names: بنفشه انگلیسی

names: Фіалка запашна

names:
סיגלית
סגל ריחני

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Aglais io
Andrena bicolor
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Anthophora plumipes
Boloria selene

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Osmia cornuta
Pyrgus malvae
Aglais io
Andrena bicolor
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora plumipes

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus melanopygus
Cheilosia corydon
Dasineura odoratae
Ichneumonini
Osmia cornuta
Rattus norvegicus

partners:
Argynnis paphia
Fabriciana adippe
Metcalfa pruinosa
Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes


slug: viola-orbiculata

scientific: Viola orbiculata

authorship: (A.Gray) Geyer ex B.D.Jacks.

epithet: orbiculata

preferred: Darkwoods Violet

english:
Darkwoods Violet
Roundleaf Violet
darkwoods violet

Viola sempervirens subsp. orbiculata

authorship: (A.Gray) M.S.Baker

Viola sempervirens var. orbiculata

authorship: (A.Gray) J.K.Henry

codes: ABT BRC IDA MNT ORE WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 960 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
darkwoods violet
Roundleaf Violet

authors: (A.Gray) Geyer ex B.D.Jacks.


slug: viola-oreades

scientific: Viola oreades

epithet: oreades

codes: NCS TCS TUR KRY

North Caucasus

region: Caucasus

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 259 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка нагорная

names: Фіалка кримська

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 167


slug: viola-orientalis

scientific: Viola orientalis

epithet: orientalis

published_in: in B. Fedtsch. Fl. Asiat. Ross. No. 8. 95 (1915).

Viola conferta

authorship: (W.Becker) Nakai

Viola uniflora var. orientalis

authorship: Maxim.

Viola xanthopetala

authorship: Nakai

codes: CHN JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Oriental yellow violet
golden violet

names: 东方堇菜 黄花堇菜

names: Фиалка восточная

names: ichige-ki-sumire ichige-sumire

partners:
Andrena kaguya
Andrena minutula
Andrena watasei
Cheilosia
Chrysomela vigintipunctata
Eucera nipponensis
Oedemeronia lucidicollis
Platycheirus urakawensis

value: Apr-Jun

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 34(2): 265


slug: viola-orphanidis

scientific: Viola orphanidis

epithet: orphanidis

Viola nicolai

authorship: Pant.

Viola orphanidis var. pirinica

authorship: Delip.

codes: ALB BUL GRC YUG

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

names: Фиалка Орфанидеса

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Fl. Orient. 1: 464

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: viola-ovato-oblonga

scientific: Viola ovato-oblonga

authorship: Makino

epithet: ovato-oblonga

codes: JAP KOR

partners:
Argynnis hyperbius
Argyreus hyperbius
Speyeria aglaja

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 21: 59


slug: viola-palmata

scientific: Viola palmata

authorship: L.

epithet: palmata

preferred: early blue violet

english:
early blue violet
three-lobe violet

Viola asarifolia

authorship: Pursh

Viola congener

authorship: Leconte

Viola cucullata var. congener

authorship: (Leconte) Torr. & A.Gray

Viola cucullata var. palmata

authorship: (L.) A.Gray

Viola edulis

authorship: Spach

Viola esculenta

authorship: Elliott ex Greene

Viola falcata

authorship: Greene

Viola lovelliana

authorship: Brainerd

Viola palmata var. asarifolia

authorship: House

Viola palmata var. dilatata

authorship: Elliott

Viola palmata var. obliqua

authorship: Hitchc.

Viola palmata var. triloba

authorship: (Schwein.) Ging. ex DC.

Viola palmata var. variegata

authorship: Stowell

Viola triloba

authorship: Schwein.

Viola viarum

authorship: Pollard

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MXE MIC MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: viola-palmensis

scientific: Viola palmensis

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

epithet: palmensis

published_in: Cat. Pl. Canar. Ins. : 13 (1880)

Viola palmaesis

authorship: Knowles & Westc.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower colour

value: yellow

value: Apr-May

authors: Webb & Berthel.

published_in: Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.). i. 112, in syn

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-palustris

scientific: Viola palustris

authorship: L.

epithet: palustris

preferred: marsh violet

Viola inodora

authorship: Gilib.

Viola juressi

authorship: Link ex Wein

Viola palustris subsp. pubifolia

authorship: Kuta

Viola palustris var. brevipes

authorship: (M.S.Baker) R.J.Davis

Viola pubifolia

authorship: (Kuta) G.H.Loos

Viola scanica

authorship: (Fr.) Fr.

codes: AZO MOR WSB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC ICE IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR ABT BRC CAL COL GNL IDA LAB MAI MAN MNT NWH NFL NWT NUN ONT ORE QUE SAS SDA UTA WAS WYO

Azores

code: AZO

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

West Siberia

code: WSB

region: Siberia

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Føroyar

code: FOR

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Iceland

code: ICE

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка болотная

names: بنفشه باتلاقی آلپی

names: Фіалка болотна

names: блатна теменуга

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Chrysomela vigintipunctata
Cynthia cardui

partners:
Siphona geniculata
Bombus
Empis lucida
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor

partners:
Philaenus spumarius
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Anthocharis cardamines

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: viola-paradoxa

scientific: Viola paradoxa

authorship: Lowe

epithet: paradoxa

published_in: Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: 550 (1838)

Madeira

code: MDR

region: Macaronesia

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

authors: Lowe

published_in: Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: reimpr. 28

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: viola-parvula

scientific: Viola parvula

authorship: Tineo

epithet: parvula

published_in: Pl. Rar. Sicil. Pugill. 1: 5 (1817)

Viola aetnensis

authorship: Tornab.

Viola sosnowskyi

authorship: Kopell.

Viola tezensis

authorship: Ball

codes: MOR CYP LBS PAL TCS TUR COR GRC ITA YUG SIC SPA

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Corse

code: COR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Violette très petite, Petite pensée, Petite violette

value: annual

authors: Tineo

published_in: Pl. Rar. Sicil. 1: 5

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-patrinii

scientific: Viola patrinii

authorship: DC. ex Ging.

epithet: patrinii

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 293 (1824)

preferred: China violet

english:
China violet
stemless violet

Viola incisa var. acuminata

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Viola mandshurica var. patrinii

authorship: (DC. ex Ging.) Y.N.Lee

Viola nepaulensis

authorship: DC. ex D.Don

Viola patrinii f. toyokoroensis

authorship: Koji Ito

Viola patrinii var. brevicalcarata

authorship: Skvortsov

Viola primulifolia var. glabra

authorship: Nakai

Viola roxburghiana

authorship: Voigt

codes: AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK JAP KHA KOR KRA KUR CHM MON PRM SAK TVA YAK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tuva

code: TVA

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
China violet
stemless violet

names: 香堇菜 白花地丁

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: viola-pedata

scientific: Viola pedata

authorship: L.

epithet: pedata

preferred: bird's foot violet

english:
bird's foot violet
Bird's Foot Violet
birdfoot violet

Oionychion pedatum

authorship: Nieuwl. & Kaczm.

Oionychion pedatum var. ampliatum

authorship: (Greene) Nieuwl. & Kaczm.

Viola ampliata

authorship: Greene

Viola digitata

authorship: Pursh

Viola inornata

authorship: (Greene) Greene

Viola multifida

authorship: Mill.

Viola pedata f. alba

authorship: (Thurb.) Britton

Viola pedata f. bicolor

authorship: Britton

Viola pedata f. ranunculifolia

authorship: (Juss. ex Poir.) Fernald

Viola pedata var. flabellata

authorship: D.Don & Link

Viola pedata var. velutina

authorship: Schwein.

Viola ranunculifolia

authorship: Juss. ex Poir.

Viola redunca

authorship: House

Viola reidiae

authorship: Cory

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1946 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка стоповидная

partners:
Aedes nigripes
Andrena carlini
Anthrax palliata
Aporus niger
Archilochus colubris
Astata bicolor
Atholus americanus
Bembix americana spinolae

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Acmaeodera tubulus
Andrena carlini
Anthocharis midea
Augochlora pura
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombylius major

partners:
Bombylius major
Mastor vialis
Vanessa virginiensis


slug: viola-pedatifida

scientific: Viola pedatifida

epithet: pedatifida

preferred: prairie violet

Viola delphiniifolia

authorship: Nutt.

Viola palmata var. pedatifida

authorship: (G.Don) Cronquist

codes: ABT ARI ARK COL ILL INI IOW KAN MAN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NWM NDA OHI OKL ONT SAS SDA WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Montana

code: MNT

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1653 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
prairie violet
crowfoot violet

names: Фиалка черешчатовидная

names:
Violette des prairies
violette pédatifide

partners:
Andrena carlini
Aporus niger
Astata bicolor
Chrysis iris
Chrysis texana
Coelioxys alternata
Coelioxys rufitarsis
Corizus lateralis

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Andrena carlini
Aporus niger
Astata bicolor
Chrysis iris
Coelioxys alternata
Coelioxys rufitarsis
Disonycha limbicollis
Euphoria fulgida

partners:
Achrysocharoides gahani
Achrysocharoides robiniae
Achrysocharoides robinicolus
Anagrus daanei
Anagrus nigriventris
Anastatus japonicus
Aphytis chrysomphali
Aprostocetus trjapitzini


slug: viola-pedunculata

scientific: Viola pedunculata

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: pedunculata

preferred: California Golden Violet

english:
California Golden Violet
Johnny-jump-up

Viola pedunculata subsp. tenuifolia

authorship: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

Viola pedunculata var. tenuifolia

authorship: (M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen) J.T.Howell

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1972 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Johnny-jump-up
California Golden Violet

partners:
Anthocharis sara
Autographa californica
Bombus rufocinctus

label: Eaten by

partners:
Anthocharis sara
Bombus rufocinctus
Erynnis propertius
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
Icaricia acmon
Osmia lignaria propinqua
Thecla pudica

value: geophyte

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(1): 141