slug: pericallis-aurita

scientific: Pericallis aurita

authorship: (L'Hér.) B.Nord.

epithet: aurita

codes: MDR MXE

Madeira

code: MDR

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 333 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L'Hér.) B.Nord.


slug: pericallis-cruenta

scientific: Pericallis cruenta

authorship: (L'Hér.) Bolle

genus: Pericallis

epithet: cruenta

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Bonplandia 8: 133. 1860

Cineraria aurita

authorship: Andrews

Cineraria cruenta

authorship: L'Hér.

Doronicum cruentum

authorship: (L'Hér.) Sch.Bip.

Senecio cruentus

authorship: DC.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

Canary Is.

code: CNY

continent: AFRICA

region: Macaronesia

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: purple

label: Flowering months

value: Apr-May

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: (L'Hér.) Bolle

published_in: Bonplandia 8: 133

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: pericallis-echinata

scientific: Pericallis echinata

authorship: (L.f.) B.Nord.

epithet: echinata

Cineraria bracteata

authorship: C.Sm. ex Link

Doronicum echinatum

authorship: (L.f.) Sch.Bip.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Feb-Apr

authors: (L.f.) B.Nord.

published_in: Opera Bot. 44: 20

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericallis-lanata

scientific: Pericallis lanata

epithet: lanata

Cineraria lanata

authorship: Lam.

Pericallis lanata var. cyanophthalma

authorship: (Hook.) A.Hansen & Sunding

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: subshrub

value: woody

value: Mar-Apr

label: Fruit type

value: achene

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericallis-murrayi

scientific: Pericallis murrayi

authorship: (Bornm.) B.Nord.

epithet: murrayi

Senecio murrayi

authorship: Bornm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: pink

value: Mar-May

authors: (Bornm.) B.Nord.

published_in: Opera Bot. 44: 21

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericallis-papyracea

scientific: Pericallis papyracea

authorship: (DC.) B.Nord.

epithet: papyracea

Cineraria cinia

authorship: Webb

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 212 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Feb-May

authors: (DC.) B.Nord.

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericallis-steetzii

scientific: Pericallis steetzii

authorship: (Bolle) B.Nord.

epithet: steetzii

Senecio gomereus

authorship: Kuntze

Senecio steetzii

authorship: Bolle

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Перикаллис Штеца

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bombus canariensis
Empis
Eristalis tenax
Macroglossum stellatarum
Sphecodes marginatus
Sphecodes ruficrus
Tachina canariensis
Unidentified sp1 M_PL_012

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Empis
Eristalis tenax
Macroglossum stellatarum
Tachina canariensis
Vanessa vulcania

authors: (Bolle) B.Nord.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericallis-tussilaginis

scientific: Pericallis tussilaginis

authorship: (L'Hér.) D.Don

epithet: tussilaginis

published_in: Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] 6: ad t. 228. 1834 [1 Feb 1834] ; alt. collation: ser. 2, 3: ad t. 228. 1 Feb 1834.

Cineraria waterhousiana

authorship: Paxton

Senecio tussilaginis

authorship: (L'Hér.) Lindl.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 254 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: red

authors: (L'Hér.) D.Don

published_in: Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] 6: ad t. 228

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericallis-webbii

scientific: Pericallis webbii

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) Bolle

epithet: webbii

Senecio webbii

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) Christ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Перикаллис Уэбба

partners:
Andrena vulcana
Bombus terrestris canariensis
Lasioglossum viride
Myopa mixta
Neomyia cornicina
Oedosphenella canariensis
Pararge aegeria

value: May-Jun

authors: (Sch.Bip.) Bolle

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericalymma-ellipticum

scientific: Pericalymma ellipticum

authorship: (Endl.) Schauer

genus: Pericalymma

epithet: ellipticum

family: Myrtaceae

Billotia elliptica

authorship: (Endl.) Sweet

Billottia elliptica

authorship: Sweet

Leptospermum ellipticum

authorship: Endl.

Leptospermum floridum

authorship: (Schauer) Benth.

Pericalymma floridum

authorship: Schauer

Western Australia

code: WAU

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Leucophoroptera quadrimaculata
Zaletta nereias

label: Life form

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 3 m

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Schauer

published_in: Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1(1): 120


slug: pericampylus-glaucus

scientific: Pericampylus glaucus

authorship: (Lam.) Merr.

genus: Pericampylus

epithet: glaucus

family: Menispermaceae

published_in: Interpr. Herb. Amboin. : 219 (1917)

Cebatha diffusa

authorship: (Miers) Kuntze

Clypea tomentosa

authorship: Blume

Cocculus cinereus

authorship: Zoll. & Moritzi

Cocculus glaucus

authorship: (Lam.) DC.

Cocculus incanus

authorship: Colebr.

Cocculus umbelliflorus

authorship: Blume ex Diels

Coscinium colaniae

authorship: Gagnep.

Cyclea villosum

authorship: Miers

Menispermum corymbosum

authorship: (Blume) Spreng.

Menispermum glaucum

authorship: Lam.

Menispermum villosum

authorship: Roxb.

Pericampylus formosanus

authorship: Diels

Pericampylus heterophyllus

authorship: (Lour.) Diels

Pericampylus incanus

authorship: (Colebr.) Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson

Pericampylus lanuginosus

authorship: (Blume) Miq.

Pericampylus trinervatus

authorship: Yamam.

Pselium heterophyllum

authorship: Lour.

Stephania rotundata

authorship: Miq.

codes: CHC CHS CHH NNS TAI ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PHI SUL SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 601 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pericome-caudata

scientific: Pericome caudata

genus: Pericome

epithet: caudata

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 82 (1853)

preferred: mountain tail-leaf

source: wikidata

Pericome caudata var. glandulosa

authorship: (Goodman) H.D.Harr.

Pericome glandulosa

authorship: Goodman

codes: ARI CAL COL MXE MXN NEV NWM OKL TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 331 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mountain tail-leaf
tail-leaf pericome

partners:
Apis mellifera
Cercyonis pegala
Cynthia cardui
Hesperia viridis
Ochlodes sylvanoides yuma
Tharsalea arota

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: variable

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 82

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: perideridia-americana

scientific: Perideridia americana

authorship: (Nutt. ex DC.) Rchb. ex Steud.

genus: Perideridia

epithet: americana

family: Apiaceae

preferred: eastern yampah

Conopodium americanum

authorship: (Nutt.) Koso-Pol.

Eulophus americanus

authorship: Nutt. ex DC.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALA ARK ILL INI KAN KTY MSI MSO OKL TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Tennessee

code: TEN

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 319 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
eastern yampah
Osage perideridia

partners:
Aedes stimulans
Andrena andrenoides
Andrena helianthi
Anoplius illinoensis
Anthrenus museorum
Apallates coxendix
Bombylius atriceps
Carceris robertsonii

partners:
Anoplius tenebrosus
Aporus niger
Augochlorella aurata
Calythea nigricans
Chalybion californicum
Chlorops proximus
Halictus rubicundus
Lasioglossum cinctipes

value: non-woody

value: perennial

authors: (Nutt. ex DC.) Rchb. ex Steud.

published_in: Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2 1: 605


slug: perideridia-bolanderi

scientific: Perideridia bolanderi

authorship: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

epithet: bolanderi

preferred: Bolander's yampah

Conopodium bolanderi

authorship: Koso-Pol.

Eulophus bolanderi

authorship: (A.Gray) J.M.Coult. & Rose

Eulophus bolanderi var. benignus

authorship: Jeps.

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bolander's yampah
olasi

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus vosnesenskii

authors: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.


slug: perideridia-californica

scientific: Perideridia californica

authorship: (Torr.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

epithet: californica

preferred: California yampah

Chaerophyllum californicum

authorship: Torr.

Conopodium californicum

authorship: (Torr.) Koso-Pol.

Eulophus californicus

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Rose

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Incisalia irioides
Strymon saepium
Bombus vosnesenskii
Euphydryas chalcedona
Occidryas chalcedona

authors: (Torr.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.


slug: perideridia-gairdneri

scientific: Perideridia gairdneri

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias

epithet: gairdneri

preferred: Gardner's yampah

english:
Gardner's yampah
Indian caraway
common yampah

Atenia gairdneri

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Atenia garrettii

authorship: (A.Nelson) Rydb.

Atenia montana

authorship: Rydb.

Carum montanum

authorship: Blank.

Edosmia gairdneri

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Edosmia montana

authorship: Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray

Osmorhiza edulis

authorship: Raf.

Perideridia gairdneri var. montana

authorship: (Rydb.) B.Boivin

Perideridia montana

authorship: (Blank.) Dorn

codes: CAL ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 622 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
common yampah
Gardner's yampah

names:
Péridéridia de Gairdner
péridéridie de Gairdner

partners:
Andrena edwardsi
Andrena prunorum
Apis mellifera
Bembix amoena
Bombus bifarius
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavidus
Bombus flavifrons

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

label: Growth form

value: Single Crown

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: green

value: white


slug: perideridia-kelloggii

scientific: Perideridia kelloggii

authorship: (A.Gray) Mathias

epithet: kelloggii

preferred: Kellogg's yampah

Atenia kelloggii

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 694 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ceratina acantha
Halictus ligatus
Halictus tripartitus
Hylaeus granulatus
Hylaeus mesillae
Hylaeus mesillae cressonii
Hylaeus modestus
Lasioglossum

partners:
Junonia grisea
Vanessa virginiensis

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Dolichovespula arenaria
Papilio zelicaon
Polistes dominula
Syritta pipiens

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Anthrenus lepidus
Apis mellifera
Coenonympha california
Dolichovespula arenaria
Eristalis arbustorum
Eristalis hirta
Eristalis tenax

authors: (A.Gray) Mathias

published_in: Brittonia 2: 244


slug: perideridia-oregana

scientific: Perideridia oregana

authorship: (Nutt.) Mathias

epithet: oregana

preferred: Oregon yampah

Atenia oregana

authorship: (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Greene

Carum oreganum

authorship: (Nutt.) S.Watson

Edosmia oregana

authorship: Nutt.

codes: CAL ORE WAS

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis

authors: (S.Watson) Mathias

published_in: Brittonia 2(3): 243

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perideridia-pringlei

scientific: Perideridia pringlei

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Rose) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

epithet: pringlei

preferred: adobe yampah

Conopodium pringlei

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Koso-Pol.

Eulophus pringlei

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Rose

Perideridia pringlei var. simplex

authorship: House

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: perilla-frutescens

scientific: Perilla frutescens

authorship: (L.) Britton

genus: Perilla

epithet: frutescens

family: Lamiaceae

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club  5: 277 (1894)

preferred: beefsteak plant

english:
beefsteak plant
Korean perilla
perilla
beefsteakplant

source: inat

Acinos jegoma

authorship: Siebold

Dentidia nankinensis

authorship: Lour.

Dentidia purpurascens

authorship: Pers.

Dentidia purpurea

authorship: Poir.

Lumnitzera salvioides

authorship: (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng.

Melissa maxima

authorship: Ard.

Mentha perilloides

authorship: Lam.

Ocimum acutum

authorship: Thunb.

Ocimum frutescens

authorship: L.

Ocimum salvioides

authorship: B.Heyne ex Roth

Perilla acuta

authorship: (Thunb.) Nakai

Perilla albiflora

authorship: Odash.

Perilla arguta

authorship: Benth.

Perilla avium

authorship: Dunn

Perilla citriodora

authorship: (Makino) Nakai

Perilla crispa

authorship: (Thunb.) Tanaka

Perilla frutescens f. crispa

authorship: (Thunb.) Makino

Perilla frutescens f. crispidiscolor

authorship: Makino

Perilla frutescens f. rosea

authorship: (G.Nicholson) Kudô

Perilla frutescens f. viridis

authorship: (Makino) Makino

Perilla frutescens var. acuta

authorship: (Thunb.) Kudô

Perilla frutescens var. arguta

authorship: (Benth.) Hand.-Mazz.

name: Perilla frutescens var. auriculato-dentata

authorship: C.Y.Wu & S.J.Hsuan ex H.W.Li

Perilla frutescens var. japonica

authorship: (Hassk.) Nakai

Perilla frutescens var. laviniata

authorship: W.Mill. & L.H.Bailey

Perilla frutescens var. nankinensis

authorship: (Lour.) Britton

Perilla frutescens var. purpurascens

authorship: (Hayata) H.W.Li

Perilla hirtella

authorship: Nakai

Perilla nankinensis

authorship: Decne.

Perilla ocymoides var. crispa

authorship: (Thunb.) Benth.

Perilla ocymoides var. japonica

authorship: Hassk.

Perilla ocymoides var. purpurascens

authorship: Hayata

Perilla shimadae

authorship: Kudô

Perilla urticifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Plectranthus salvioides

authorship: (B.Heyne ex Roth) Benth.

codes: CHC CHS JAP KHA KOR PRM TAI ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO MYA NEP THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

Primorye

code: PRM

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1964 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Perillyl-alcohol

activities:
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Pancreas)
Antimelanomic
Antiproliferant
Antitumor (Breast)
Antitumor (Colon)
Antitumor (Pancreas)
Antitumor (Prostate)

Citral

activities: Allergenic Antiallergenic Antiallergic Antianaphylactic Antibacterial Anticancer Antihelicobacter Antiherpetic

Rosmarinic-acid

activities: ABeta-Inhibitor Adenylate-Cyclase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiHIV Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antianaphylactic

Myristicin

activities: Amphetaminagenic Anesthetic Antiaggregant Antidepressant Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antispasmodic Antistress

Linalool

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiallergic Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

Dillapiol

activities: Antibacterial Insecticide Insecticide-Synergist Molluscicide Pesticide Sedative

Perillaketone

activities: Edematogenic Enterostimulant Myostimulant Peristaltic

Pulegone

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Antiacetylcholinesterase Antialzheimeran? Antibacterial Anticholinesterase Antihistaminic Antipyretic Avifuge

Elemicin

activities: Antiaggregant Antidepressant Antifeedant Antihistaminic Antiserotonic Antistress DNA-Binder Fungicide

Benzaldehyde

activities: Allergenic Anesthetic Antibacterial Anticancer Antimutagenic Antipeptic Antiseptic Antispasmodic

Isoeugenol

activities: Allergenic AntiTNF Antiaggregant Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antitumor Bacteristat Cancer-Preventive

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Перилла кустарниковая

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Aedes albopictus
Apis cerana
Apis mellifera
Argyronome ruslana
Artona gracilis
Chauliognathus pensylvanicus
Copestylum vesicularium

partners:
Acontia leo
Agnorisma badinodis
Ancistrocerus campestris
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Calycopis cecrops
Dielis plumipes
Eremnophila aureonotata

partners:
Adoretus
Apis mellifera
Dysmilichia gemella
Elkalyce argiades
Hebata matsudai
Microcentrum rhombifolium
Polistes annularis
Polygonia c-aureum

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: peripleura-hispidula

scientific: Peripleura hispidula

authorship: (F.Muell. ex A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

genus: Peripleura

epithet: hispidula

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

value: annual

value: achene

authors: (F.Muell. ex A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

published_in: Phytologia 76(2): 131

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: periploca-angustifolia

scientific: Periploca angustifolia

authorship: Labill.

genus: Periploca

epithet: angustifolia

family: Apocynaceae

Periploca audicea

authorship: Raeusch.

Periploca fasciculata

authorship: Viv. ex Coss.

Periploca laevigata subsp. angustifolia

authorship: (Labill.) Markgr.

Periploca rigida

authorship: Viv.

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MTN MOR TUN WSA KRI SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Mauritania

code: MTN

region: West Tropical Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Kriti

code: KRI

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

region: Southwestern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 652 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Обвойник гладкий

label: Eaten by

value: shrub

value: woody

authors: Labill.

published_in: Icon. Pl. Syr. 2: 13, t. 7

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: periploca-aphylla

scientific: Periploca aphylla

epithet: aphylla

Campelepis viminea

authorship: Falc.

codes: SUD AFG GST IRN IRQ OMA PAL SAU SIN YEM IND PAK WHM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Yemen

code: YEM

India

code: IND

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names: Обвойник безлистный

partners:
Polistes wattii
unidentified

partners:
Chilopoda
Polistes wattii

label: Growth habit

authors: Decne.

published_in: Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 109, t. 116

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: periploca-graeca

scientific: Periploca graeca

authorship: L.

epithet: graeca

preferred: silkvine

Asclepias dioscoridis

authorship: Fraas

Periploca maculata

authorship: Moench

codes: EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TKM TUR UZB ALB BUL GRC ITA YUG ROM TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: climbing subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 794 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
silkvine
Grecian Silkvine

names: 丝藤 欧杠柳

names: معترش الحرير

names: Обвойник греческий

names:
Griechische Baumschlinge
orientalische Baumschlinge

names:
Bourreau-des-arbres
Périploque de Grèce

names: پریپلکا گراکا

names: Обвійник грецький

names:
Görögtekercs
görög fatekercs

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
unidentified

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
Chilopoda
unidentified

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

value: vine

label: Woodiness

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: periploca-laevigata

scientific: Periploca laevigata

authorship: Aiton

epithet: laevigata

Apocynum canariense

authorship: Lam.

Periploca punicifolia

authorship: Cav.

codes: CNY SEL

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Selvagens

code: SEL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 807 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Обвойник гладкий

partners:
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Anaspis proteus
Anthomyia pluvialis
Apis mellifera
Aprostocetus occidentalis
Calliphora vicina
Camponotus feae
Camponotus rufoglaucus

partners:
Clybeccus declivum
Euclasta splendidalis

label: Height

value: 2 m

label: Life cycle

label: Flower colour

value: brown

value: Sep-Apr

value: follicle

authors: Aiton

published_in: Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 1: 301


slug: periploca-sepium

scientific: Periploca sepium

authorship: Bunge

epithet: sepium

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. : 43 (1833)

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI CHM PRM CHQ CHT CHX

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese silk vine
Chinese silkvine

names: 杠柳 香加皮

names: Обвойник заборный

names: περιπλοκάς ή φρακτώδης

names:
periploka plotná
svidina plotná

label: Pollinated by

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun

authors: Bunge

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. [A.A. von Bunge] 43

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: periptera-punicea

scientific: Periptera punicea

authorship: (Lag.) DC.

genus: Periptera

epithet: punicea

family: Malvaceae

Anoda incarnata

authorship: Kunth

Anoda periptera

authorship: (Sims) Hochr.

Anoda periptera var. genuina

authorship: Hochr.

Anoda punicea

authorship: Lag.

Anoda rubra

authorship: (Ten.) Hochr.

Periptera macrantha

authorship: (Hochr.) Bullock

Periptera periptera

authorship: Rose

Sida incarnata

authorship: Spreng.

Sida malvaviscus

authorship: DC.

Sida periptera

authorship: Sims

Sida rubra

authorship: Ten.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: DC.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: peristeranthus-hillii

scientific: Peristeranthus hillii

authorship: (F.Muell.) T.E.Hunt

genus: Peristeranthus

epithet: hillii

family: Orchidaceae

published_in: Queensland Naturalist 15: 17 (1954)

Ornithochilus hillii

authorship: (F.Muell.) Benth.

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

lifeform: epiphytic subshrub

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 151 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

label: Life form

value: chamaephyte

value: perennial

authors: (F.Muell.) T.E.Hunt

published_in: Queensland Naturalist xv. 17 (1954)

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: peristeria-elata

scientific: Peristeria elata

authorship: Hook.

genus: Peristeria

epithet: elata

preferred: Dove orchid

codes: CLM COS ECU PAN VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: pseudobulbous epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 118 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Dove orchid
Flower of the Holy Spirit

names:
Flor del Espíritu Santo
Flor del Espiritu Santo

names: 鴿子蘭 鸽兰

names: Orquídea-pomba divino-espírito-santo

names: Перистерия высокая

names: پریستریا الاتا

names: Перістерія висока

names: Περιστερά η υψηλή

names: പെരിസ്റ്റേരിയ ഇലറ

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

authors: Hook.


slug: peristylus-aristatus

scientific: Peristylus aristatus

authorship: Lindl.

genus: Peristylus

epithet: aristatus

Habenaria aristata

authorship: (Lindl.) Hook.f.

Peristylus exilis

authorship: Wight

codes: ASS EHM IND MYA NEP SRL

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

value: geophyte

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 300

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: peristylus-caranjensis

scientific: Peristylus caranjensis

authorship: (Dalzell) Ormerod & C.S.Kumar

epithet: caranjensis

Habenaria caranjensis

authorship: Dalzell

authors: (Dalzell) Ormerod & C.S.Kumar

published_in: Harvard Pap. Bot. 23(2): 283

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: peristylus-constrictus

scientific: Peristylus constrictus

authorship: (Lindl.) Lindl.

epithet: constrictus

Habenaria cylindrocalyx

authorship: Gagnep.

Orchis leucantha

authorship: Ham. ex Hook.f.

Platanthera constricta

authorship: Lindl. ex Wall.

codes: CHC ASS BAN CBD EHM IND MYA NEP PHI THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM


slug: peristylus-densus

scientific: Peristylus densus

authorship: (Lindl.) Santapau & Kapadia

epithet: densus

published_in: J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 57: 128 (1960)

Coeloglossum flagelliferum

authorship: Maxim. ex Makino

Habenaria atramentaria

authorship: Kraenzl.

Habenaria buchneroides

authorship: Schltr.

Habenaria flagellifera

authorship: Makino

Habenaria gracilis

authorship: Colebr.

Habenaria hiugensis

authorship: Ohwi

Habenaria neglecta

authorship: King & Pantl.

Habenaria passerina

authorship: (Gagnep.) Tang & F.T.Wang

Habenaria stenostachya

authorship: (Lindl. ex Benth.) Benth.

name: Habenaria stenostachya subsp. buchneroides

authorship: (Schltr.) Soó

Peristylus flagellifer

authorship: (Makino) Ohwi

Peristylus neglectus

authorship: (King & Pantl.) Kraenzl.

Peristylus stenostachyus

authorship: (Lindl. ex Benth.) Kraenzl.

Peristylus xanthochlorus

authorship: Blatt. & McCann

Platanthera stenostachya

authorship: Lindl. ex Benth.

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS ASS BAN CBD EHM IND MYA NEP THA VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Black crucifera habenaria
Dense Peristylus

names: 九头狮子草 狭穗阔蕊兰

names: サツマトンボ ムカゴトンボ

names: हिरवी फुलकाडी


slug: peristylus-lacertifer

scientific: Peristylus lacertifer

authorship: (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.

epithet: lacertifer

published_in: Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 9: 23 (1927)

Choeradoplectron spiranthes

authorship: Schauer

Coeloglossum acuminatum

authorship: Lindl.

Gymnadenia tenuiflora

authorship: Lindl. ex Wall.

Habenaria lacertifera

authorship: (Lindl.) Benth.

Habenaria meyenii

authorship: Merr.

Peristylus spiranthes

authorship: (Schauer) S.Y.Hu

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI ASS BOR EHM JAW MLY MYA NEP PHI SUM THA VIE

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Borneo

code: BOR

Jawa

code: JAW

Malaya

code: MLY

Sumatera

code: SUM

names: 撕唇阔蕊兰 裂唇闊蕊蘭

authors: (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.

published_in: Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. III, 9: 23


slug: peristylus-lawii

scientific: Peristylus lawii

authorship: Wight

epithet: lawii

Habenaria lawii

authorship: (Wight) Hook.f.

codes: IND MYA NEP WHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

authors: Wight

published_in: Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] v. t. 1698

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: peristylus-plantagineus

scientific: Peristylus plantagineus

authorship: (Lindl.) Lindl.

epithet: plantagineus

Habenaria elata

authorship: (Dalzell) Alston

Habenaria goodyeroides

authorship: Hook.

Habenaria wightii

authorship: Trimen

Peristylus elatus

authorship: Dalzell

codes: IND NEP


slug: peristylus-richardianus

scientific: Peristylus richardianus

epithet: richardianus

codes: ASS EHM IND NEP

East Himalaya

code: EHM

published_in: Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1697


slug: peristylus-tentaculatus

scientific: Peristylus tentaculatus

epithet: tentaculatus

Glossaspis tentaculata

authorship: (Lindl.) Spreng.

Habenaria tentaculata

authorship: (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

codes: CHC CHS CHH

China South-Central

code: CHC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 触须阔蕊兰 鸡卵草

names: นางตายหนวดมังกร

published_in: Orch. Java 35

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-aglossa

scientific: Perityle aglossa

genus: Perityle

epithet: aglossa

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 107. 1853 [1 Feb 1853] ; Plantae Wrightianae

preferred: bluff rockdaisy

Laphamia aglossa

authorship: (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f.

Leptopharynx aglossa

authorship: (A.Gray) Rydb.

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 107

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: perityle-angustifolia

scientific: Perityle angustifolia

authorship: (A.Gray) Shinners

epithet: angustifolia

preferred: narrow-leaved rockdaisy

name: Laphamia angustifolia subsp. angustifolia

Laphamia angustifolia subsp. laciniata

authorship: (A.Gray) W.E.Niles

Laphamia laciniata

authorship: (A.Gray ex Torr.) Rydb.

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

names:
narrow-leaved rockdaisy
Rayless rockdaisy

authors: (A.Gray) Shinners

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 4: 204

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-californica

scientific: Perityle californica

authorship: Benth.

epithet: californica

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur 23, t. 15 (1844)

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 179 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 23, t. 15

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: perityle-congesta

scientific: Perityle congesta

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Shinners

epithet: congesta

preferred: Grand Canyon rockdaisy

Monothrix congesta

authorship: Rydb.

Arizona

code: ARI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 80 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (M.E.Jones) Shinners

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-crassifolia

scientific: Perityle crassifolia

authorship: Brandegee

epithet: crassifolia

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 3: 147 (1891)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 300 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Brephidium exilis
Brephidium exilis exilis

authors: Brandegee

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 3: 147

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: perityle-cuneata

scientific: Perityle cuneata

epithet: cuneata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: perityle-emoryi

scientific: Perityle emoryi

authorship: Torr.

epithet: emoryi

published_in: Notes Milit. Reconn. : 142 (1848)

preferred: Emory's rockdaisy

Closia anthemoides

authorship: Phil.

Closia chilensis

authorship: Regel & Körn.

Closia cotula var. elata

authorship: Reiche

Laphamia emoryi

authorship: Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.

Perityle emoryi var. nuda

authorship: (Torr. ex A.Gray) A.Gray

Perityle grayi

authorship: Rose

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN MXS NEV UTA CLC CLN PER

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1994 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Brephidium exilis
Coleoptera
Copestylum lentum
Danaus gilippus
Erynnis funeralis
Formicidae
Hippodamia convergens

label: Photosynthetic pathway


slug: perityle-gilensis

scientific: Perityle gilensis

authorship: (M.E.Jones) J.F.Macbr.

epithet: gilensis

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 39 (1918)

preferred: Gila rockdaisy

Leptopharynx gilensis

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Rydb.

Perityle gilensis var. longilobus

authorship: (W.E.Niles) A.M.Powell & Yarb.

authors: (M.E.Jones) J.F.Macbr.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 39

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-gracilis

scientific: Perityle gracilis

epithet: gracilis

preferred: three-lobed rockdaisy

Monothrix fastigiata

authorship: (Brandegee) Rydb.

codes: ARI NEV

authors: (M.E.Jones) Rydb.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: perityle-inyoensis

scientific: Perityle inyoensis

authorship: (Ferris) A.M.Powell

epithet: inyoensis

preferred: Inyo rockdaisy

Laphamia inyoensis

authorship: Ferris

lifeform: subshrub

authors: (Ferris) A.M.Powell

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-lemmonii

scientific: Perityle lemmonii

authorship: (A.Gray) J.F.Macbr.

epithet: lemmonii

preferred: Lemmon's rockdaisy

Laphamia dissecta subsp. lemmonii

authorship: (A.Gray) W.E.Niles

Leptopharynx lemmonii

authorship: (A.Gray) Rydb.

codes: ARI MXE NWM

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (A.Gray) J.F.Macbr.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-lindheimeri

scientific: Perityle lindheimeri

authorship: (A.Gray) Shinners

epithet: lindheimeri

preferred: Lindheimer's rockdaisy

Laphamia rotundata

authorship: Rydb.

Perityle rotundata

authorship: (Rydb.) Shinners

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: perityle-megalocephala

scientific: Perityle megalocephala

authorship: (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr.

epithet: megalocephala

preferred: Nevada rockdaisy

name: Laphamia megalocephala subsp. megalocephala

Monothrix megalocephala

authorship: (S.Watson) Rydb.

name: Perityle megalocephala var. megalocephala

codes: CAL NEV

authors: (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-microglossa

scientific: Perityle microglossa

authorship: Benth.

epithet: microglossa

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 119 (1845)

preferred: shortray rockdaisy

Pericome spilanthoides

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.

Perityle saxosa

authorship: Brandegee

Perityle spilanthoides

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) Rydb.

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1101 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 119


slug: perityle-parryi

scientific: Perityle parryi

epithet: parryi

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 106 (1853)

preferred: Parry's rockdaisy

Laphamia parryi

authorship: (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 106

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perityle-quinqueflora

scientific: Perityle quinqueflora

authorship: (Steyerm.) Shinners

epithet: quinqueflora

preferred: fiveflower rockdaisy

Laphamia quinqueflora

authorship: Steyerm.

Pappothrix quinqueflora

authorship: (Steyerm.) Everly

codes: NWM TEX

authors: (Steyerm.) Shinners

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 4: 205


slug: perityle-rupestris

scientific: Perityle rupestris

epithet: rupestris

preferred: leafy rockdaisy


slug: perityle-socorrosensis

scientific: Perityle socorrosensis

authorship: Rose

epithet: socorrosensis

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

authors: Rose


slug: perityle-staurophylla

scientific: Perityle staurophylla

authorship: (Barneby) Shinners

epithet: staurophylla

preferred: New Mexico rockdaisy

Laphamia staurophylla

authorship: Barneby

authors: (Barneby) Shinners


slug: perityle-tenella

scientific: Perityle tenella

epithet: tenella

preferred: Springdale rockdaisy

codes: ARI NEV UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: perityle-villosa

scientific: Perityle villosa

authorship: (S.F.Blake) Shinners

epithet: villosa

preferred: Hanaupah rockdaisy

authors: (S.F.Blake) Shinners


slug: perotis-arenacea

scientific: Perotis arenacea

authorship: (Judz.) P.M.Peterson

genus: Perotis

epithet: arenacea

family: Poaceae

Toliara arenacea

authorship: Judz.

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: annual

value: therophyte

authors: (Judz.) P.M.Peterson


slug: perotis-patens

scientific: Perotis patens

authorship: Gand.

epithet: patens

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 301 (1919 publ. 1920)

Perotis patens var. parvispicula

authorship: Robyns & Tournay

Perotis scabra var. parvispicula

authorship: (Robyns & Tournay) Cufod.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPV CAF CHA ZAI ERI SWZ ETH OFS GAB GHA GUI IVO KEN NAT MDG MLW MOZ NAM NGA TVL RWA SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 308 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 301, in clavi


slug: perotis-rara

scientific: Perotis rara

epithet: rara

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 172 (1810)

preferred: comet grass

Diplachyrium rarum

authorship: (R.Br.) Nees

Perotis longiflora

authorship: Nees ex Hook. & Arn.

Perotis macrantha

authorship: Honda

Perotis rara var. euryphylla

authorship: Domin

Saccharum rarum

authorship: (R.Br.) Poir.

Xystidium maritimum

authorship: Trin.

codes: CHS CHH TAI LSI MLY NWG PHI THA VIE NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 大穗茅根 大花茅根

value: graminoid

value: hemicryptophyte


slug: perrierodendron-boinense

scientific: Perrierodendron boinense

authorship: (H.Perrier) Cavaco

genus: Perrierodendron

epithet: boinense

family: Sarcolaenaceae

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 23: 138 (1951)

Madagascar

code: MDG

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Hazomena Lahy
Voandrozana

value: tree

value: woody

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: (H.Perrier) Cavaco

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 23: 138


slug: perrottetia-arisanensis

scientific: Perrottetia arisanensis

authorship: Hayata

genus: Perrottetia

epithet: arisanensis

family: Dipentodontaceae

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 26 (1915)

codes: CHC TAI

China South-Central

code: CHC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 294 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 佩羅特木 台湾核子木

value: shrub

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 26

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: perrottetia-sandwicensis

scientific: Perrottetia sandwicensis

epithet: sandwicensis

preferred: olomea

Perrottetia sandwicensis var. tomentosa

authorship: O.Deg. & Greenwell

Theaphyllum celastrinum

authorship: Nutt. ex Turcz.

Hawaii

code: HAW

continent: PACIFIC

region: North-Central Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 174 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Chlorodrepanis flava
Himatione sanguinea
Leiothrix lutea
Myadestes obscurus
Pycnonotus jocosus
Vaga blackburni
Zosterops japonicus

value: phanerophyte

value: 6 m

published_in: U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15: 291


slug: persea-americana

scientific: Persea americana

authorship: Mill.

genus: Persea

epithet: americana

family: Lauraceae

preferred: Avocado

english:
Avocado
alligator pear
avocado

Laurus indica

authorship: Sieber ex Nees

Laurus persea

authorship: L.

Persea americana var. angustifolia

authorship: Miranda

Persea americana var. aztec

authorship: Popenoe

Persea americana var. drimyfolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) S.F.Blake

Persea americana var. floccosa

authorship: (Mez) Scora

Persea americana var. guatemalensis

authorship: (L.O.Williams) Scora

Persea americana var. leiogyna

authorship: (S.F.Blake) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton

Persea americana var. nubigena

authorship: (L.O.Williams) L.E.Kopp

Persea americana var. steyermarkii

authorship: (C.K.Allen) Scora

Persea americana var. tolimanensis

authorship: (Zentmyer & Schieber) Scora

Persea americana var. zentmyeri

authorship: (Schieber & B.Bergh) Scora

Persea drimyfolia

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Persea edulis

authorship: Raf.

Persea floccosa

authorship: Mez

Persea gratissima var. drimyfolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Mez

Persea gratissima var. macrophylla

authorship: Meisn.

Persea gratissima var. melanocarpa

authorship: Phil.

Persea gratissima var. praecox

authorship: Nees

Persea paucitriplinervia

authorship: Lundell

Persea persea

authorship: (L.) Cockerell

Persea praecox

authorship: Poepp. ex Nees

Persea tolimanensis

authorship: Zentmyer & Schieber

Persea zentmyeri

authorship: Schieber & B.Bergh

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Estragole

activities: Antiaggregant Calcium-Antagonist Cancer-Preventive Carcinogenic DNA-Binder FLavor Hepatocarcinogenic Hypothermic

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Anethole

activities: Allergenic AntiNF-kB AntiTNF Antibacterial Antigenotoxic Antihepatotic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

names:
avocado
alligator pear

names: aguacate palta

names: 樟梨 酪梨

names: abacate abacateiro

names: abokado wani-nashi

names: Avocado Avocadobaum

names: Avocatier d'Amérique, Avocat, Avocado, Avocatier

names: avokado avocado

names: hedelmäavokado avokado

partners:
Apis mellifera
Lucilia mexicana
Allograpta exotica
Allograpta neotropica
Allograpta teligera
Apis
Archytas
Belvosia

partners:
Apis mellifera
Achlyodes pallida
Alypia wittfeldii
Anacridium aegyptium
Andrena prunorum
Anthomyia quinquemaculata
Apis
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bactrocera tau
Brachygastra lecheguana
Camponotus cinctellus
Cheilomenes propinqua
Cyrtolobus vanduzii
Dilophus vittatus
Epimecis detexta

partners:
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus jamaicensis
Alconeura candida
Alconeura cinctella
Caribovia constans
Dasyprocta punctata
Dikrella mella
Flatopsis nivea

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Acerophagus utilis
Anagrus raygilli
Anagyrus fusciventris
Anagyrus pseudococci
Aphytis
Aphytis chrysomphali
Aphytis equatorialis
Aphytis lingnanensis

type: hasPathogen

partners: Botryodiplodia quercuum (Schwein.) Sacc.

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: persea-barbujana

scientific: Persea barbujana

authorship: (Cav.) Mabb. & Nieto Fel.

epithet: barbujana

published_in: Mabberley's Pl.-Book, ed. 4: 1102 (2017)

Apollonias barbujana

authorship: (Cav.) A.Braun

Apollonias canariensis

authorship: (Willd.) Nees

Laurus barbujana

authorship: Cav.

Laurus barbusana

authorship: Lowe

Laurus barbusano

authorship: Hochst. ex Webb & Berthel.

Laurus borbonia

authorship: hort. ex Meisn.

Laurus canariensis

authorship: Willd.

Laurus foetens

authorship: Brouss. ex Meisn.

Laurus nitida

authorship: Masson ex Meisn.

Laurus reticulata

authorship: Poir.

Persea canariensis

authorship: (Willd.) Spreng.

Phoebe barbusana

authorship: (Cav.) Webb & Berthel.

codes: CNY MDR

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 639 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: white

value: Jul-Sep

authors: (Cav.) Mabb. & Nieto Fel.

published_in: Mabberley's Pl.-Book 1102

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: persea-borbonia

scientific: Persea borbonia

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

epithet: borbonia

preferred: redbay

Borbonia borbonia

authorship: (L.) House

Borbonia littoralis

authorship: (Small) House

Laurus borbonia

authorship: L.

Laurus carolinensis

authorship: Catesby

authorship: Catesby ex Michx.

Laurus caroliniensis var. glabra

authorship: Pursh

Laurus elongata

authorship: Salisb.

Laurus foetens

authorship: Willd. ex Nees

Nothaphoebe borbonia

authorship: (L.) Pax

Ocotea carolinensis

authorship: Kostel.

Persea carolinensis

authorship: (Catesby ex Michx.) Nees

Persea carolinensis f. glabriuscula

authorship: (Meisn.) Mez

Persea carolinensis var. glabriuscula

authorship: Meisn.

Persea littoralis

authorship: Small

Tamala borbonia

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Tamala carolinensis

authorship: Raf.

Tamala littoralis

authorship: (Small) Small

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1303 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
redbay
red bay

names: 红桂鳄梨 红湾鳄梨

partners:
Apis mellifera
Augochloropsis metallica
Bombus impatiens
Colletes banksi
Colletes brimleyi
Colletes nudus
Epeolus zonatus
Lasioglossum pectorale

label: Visited by

partners:
Eriophora ravilla
Trioza magnoliae

partners:
Sialia sialis
Turdus migratorius
Attacus lorquinii
Bombycilla cedrorum
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus guttatus
Catharus minimus
Catharus ustulatus

partners:
Encarsia variegata
Trichogramma pretiosa

label: Pathogens

partners:
Raffaelea
Raffaelea lauricola
Xyleborus glabratus

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: persea-caerulea

scientific: Persea caerulea

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

epithet: caerulea

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin  5: 171 (1889)

Laurus caerulea

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Laurus coerulea

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex Meisn.

Laurus laevigata

authorship: Willd. ex Meisn.

Persea laevigata

authorship: Kunth

Persea laevigata var. caerulea

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Meisn.

Persea lignitepala

authorship: Lasser

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: BOL CLM COS ECU ELS HON NIC PAN PER VEN VNA

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

region: Caribbean

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

label: Growth habit

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

authors: (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 171

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: persea-humilis

scientific: Persea humilis

authorship: Nash

epithet: humilis

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  22: 157 (1895)

preferred: silk bay

Borbonia humilis

authorship: (Nash) House

Persea borbonia subsp. humilis

authorship: (Nash) A.E.Murray

Persea borbonia var. humilis

authorship: (Nash) L.E.Kopp

Tamala humilis

authorship: (Nash) Small

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 498 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
silk bay
Silkbay

partners:
Anthidiellum perplexum
Augochlora pura
Augochlorella aurata
Augochloropsis metallica
Colletes brimleyi
Colletes nudus

partners:
Phyllocnistis hyperpersea
Trioza magnoliae
Zelus longipes

label: Eaten by

label: Woodiness

authors: Nash

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22(4): 157

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: persea-indica

scientific: Persea indica

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

epithet: indica

Borbonia indica

authorship: (L.) J.Presl

Laurus americana

authorship: Nees

Laurus indica

authorship: L.

Laurus latifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Laurus teneriffae

authorship: Poir.

Ocotea indica

authorship: (L.) Kostel.

Persea pseudoindica

authorship: Link

Phoebe indica

authorship: (L.) Pax

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 394 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: Viñatigo Viñátigo

names: 印度鳄梨 印度鰐梨

names: Vinhático loureiro-real

names: Персея индийская

names: Индийска персея

partners:
Cixius verticalis
Pawiloma victima

label: Height

label: Life cycle

label: Flower colour

value: Mar-Aug

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 268

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: persea-liebmannii

scientific: Persea liebmannii

authorship: Mez

epithet: liebmannii

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin  5: 166 (1889)

Mutisiopersea liebmannii

authorship: (Mez) Kosterm.

Mutisiopersea podadenia

authorship: (S.F.Blake) Kosterm.

Persea flavifolia

authorship: Lundell

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Guatemala

code: GUA

names: بيرسيا ليبمانى

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Mez

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 166

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: persea-lingue

scientific: Persea lingue

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees

epithet: lingue

Laurus ligi

authorship: Dombey ex Nees

Laurus linge

authorship: Ruiz ex Meisn.

Laurus lingue

authorship: Miers ex Bertero

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Laurus lingui

authorship: Gillies ex Meisn.

Laurus palustris

authorship: Poepp. ex Meisn.

Nothaphoebe lingue

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Baeza

Nothaphoebe meyeniana

authorship: (Nees) Baeza

Persea frigida

authorship: Linden

Persea intermedia

authorship: Phil.

Persea lige

authorship: Nees ex Meisn.

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 671 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: (Miers ex Bertero) Nees

published_in: Syst. Laur. 157

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: persea-mutisii

scientific: Persea mutisii

authorship: Kunth

epithet: mutisii

Laurus bogotensis

authorship: Willd. ex Nees

Mutisiopersea mutisii

authorship: (Kunth) Kosterm.

Persea laurifolia

authorship: (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Persea mutisii var. lindenii

authorship: Meisn.

Persea pachytepala

authorship: Lasser

codes: CLM ECU VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Kunth


slug: persea-obtusifolia

scientific: Persea obtusifolia

epithet: obtusifolia

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard.  14(1): 81 (1966)

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

names:
Aguacatillo
Aguacatillo Ásca

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 14(1): 81

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: persea-palustris

scientific: Persea palustris

authorship: (Raf.) Sarg.

epithet: palustris

preferred: swamp bay

Borbonia pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) House

Laurus carolinensis var. pubescens

authorship: Pursh

Persea borbonia f. pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) Fernald

Persea borbonia subsp. pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) A.E.Murray

Persea borbonia var. pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) Little

Persea carolinensis var. palustris

authorship: (Raf.) Chapm.

Persea caroliniensis f. pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) Mez

Persea caroliniensis var. pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) Meisn.

Persea palustris f. laevifolia

authorship: Fernald

Persea pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) Sarg.

Tamala palustris

authorship: Raf.

Tamala pubescens

authorship: (Pursh) Small

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1992 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
swamp bay
Swampbay

partners:
Raffaelea lauricola
Xyleborus glabratus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: green

value: yellow

label: Bloom period


slug: persea-schiedeana

scientific: Persea schiedeana

authorship: Nees

epithet: schiedeana

preferred: coyo

english:
coyo
coyo avocado

Persea gratissima var. schiedeana

authorship: (Nees) Meisn.

Persea pittieri

authorship: Mez

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON PAN

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

names:
coyo
coyo avocado

names: aguacatillo coyó

names: بيرسى شيديان

source: GIFT

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Nees

published_in: Syst. Laur. 130


slug: persicaria-acuminata

scientific: Persicaria acuminata

authorship: (Kunth) M.Gómez

genus: Persicaria

epithet: acuminata

family: Polygonaceae

published_in: Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. ii. 278 (1896); cf. Gray Herb. Card Cat.

preferred: tapertip smartweed

source: usda

Polygonum acuminatum

authorship: Kunth

Polygonum acuminatum var. brachystemon

authorship: Meisn.

Polygonum acuminatum var. setigerum

authorship: (Wedd.) Meisn.

Polygonum alfredi

authorship: Pilg.

Polygonum bettfreundianum

authorship: Lindau

Polygonum floribundum

authorship: Wedd.

Polygonum guatemalense

authorship: Gand.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS EAS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLC CLM COS CUB DSV DOM ECU FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Easter Is.

code: EAS

region: South-Central Pacific

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Cuba

code: CUB

Desventurados Is.

code: DSV

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Galápagos

code: GAL

names: בת-ארכובית מחודדת

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: persicaria-amphibia

scientific: Persicaria amphibia

authorship: (L.) Delarbre

epithet: amphibia

preferred: water smartweed

english:
water smartweed
Amphibious Bistort
Water Smartweed
amphibious bistort
longroot smartweed
water knotweed

Chulusium amphibium

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Persicaria amphibia

authorship: (L.) Gray

Persicaria amphibia var. emersa

authorship: (Michx.) J.C.Hickman

Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea

authorship: (N.Coleman) H.Hara

Persicaria amphibia var. terrestris

authorship: (Leyss.) Munshi & Javeid

Persicaria amurensis

authorship: Nieuwl.

Persicaria coccinea

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Greene

Persicaria hartwrightii

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Persicaria muhlenbergii

authorship: (S.Watson) Small

Polygonum amphibium

authorship: L.

name: Polygonum amphibium subsp. laevimarginatum

authorship: Hultén

Polygonum amphibium var. amurense

authorship: Korsh.

Polygonum amphibium var. emersum

authorship: Michx.

Polygonum amphibium var. natans

authorship: Leyss.

Polygonum amphibium var. vestitum

authorship: Hemsl.

Polygonum coccineum

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

Polygonum coccineum var. pratincola

authorship: (Greene) Stanford

Polygonum coccineum var. rigidulum

authorship: Stanford

Polygonum emersum

authorship: (Michx.) Britton

Polygonum natans

authorship: Eaton

Polygonum salicifolium

authorship: Schur

codes: ALG CPP ETH OFS KEN NAT LES MOR TVL TUN AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA KUR LBS MAG CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ SAK SAU TZK CHT TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK YEM EHM NEP PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR ALA ASK ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LAB LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WVA WIS WYO YUK

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Morocco

code: MOR

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2042 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
بطباط الماء
بطباط طويل الجذور

names: Горец земноводный

names: Гірчак земноводний

partners:
Dasytes plumbeus
Gastrophysa viridula
Polyommatus icarus
Vanessa atalanta
Abundance
Aedes nigripes
Agrilus difficilis
Anoplius illinoensis

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Danaus plexippus
Pieris rapae
Strymon melinus
Apis mellifera
Aglais urticae
Ancyloxypha numitor
Argynnis paphia

partners:
Dolichovespula arenaria
Eurimyia stipatus
Pieris rapae
Sceliphron caementarium
Sympetrum flaveolum
Wachtliella persicariae

partners:
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Cygnus columbianus
Cygnus olor
Danaus plexippus
Neophytobius quadrinodosus
Rhinoncus albicinctus
Rhinoncus inconspectus
Acanthis flammea

partners: Puccinia polygoni-amphibii var. polygoni-amphibii


slug: persicaria-amplexicaulis

scientific: Persicaria amplexicaulis

authorship: (D.Don) Ronse Decr.

epithet: amplexicaulis

Bistorta amplexicaulis

authorship: (D.Don) Greene

Bistorta amplexicaulis subsp. sinensis

authorship: (F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.) Soják

name: Bistorta amplexicaulis subsp. sinomontana

authorship: (Sam.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi

Bistorta amplexicaulis var. alba

authorship: Munshi & Javeid

name: Bistorta amplexicaulis var. amplexicaulis

name: Bistorta amplexicaulis var. dhorpatanensis

authorship: Yonek. & H.Ohashi

Bistorta oxyphylla

authorship: (Wall. ex Meisn.) Greene

Bistorta petiolata

authorship: Petrov

Bistorta sinomontana

authorship: (Sam.) Miyam.

Bistorta sinomontana var. pubifolia

authorship: Miyam. & H.Ohba

Bistorta speciosa

authorship: (Hook.f.) Greene

codes: AFG CHN CHC CHS CHT EHM NEP PAK WHM

China North-Central

region: China

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bao jing liao
bao jing quan shen

names: Змеевик стеблеобъемлющий

names: Bistorte amplexicaule, Renouée amplexicaule, Persicaire amplexicaule

names:
Doorgroeide duizendknoop
Rode adderwortel

names:
Blodpilört
Röd ormrot

names: Kærte-pileurt Kærtepileurt

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Scaeva pyrastri
Toxomerus marginatus

label: Parasites

authors: (D.Don) Ronse Decr.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: persicaria-arifolia

scientific: Persicaria arifolia

authorship: (L.) Haraldson

epithet: arifolia

preferred: halberdleaf tearthumb

source: wikidata

Polygonum arifolium

authorship: L.

Polygonum arifolium var. lentiforme

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Tracaulon arifolium

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Truellum arifolium

authorship: (L.) Soják

codes: CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1964 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
halberdleaf tearthumb
Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb

names: Горец аронниколистный

partners:
Dioprosopa clavatus
Lasioglossum weemsi
Toxomerus geminatus


slug: persicaria-attenuata

scientific: Persicaria attenuata

authorship: (R.Br.) Soják

epithet: attenuata

preferred: Smart Weed

codes: LSI NWG NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

region: Malesia

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 511 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Smart Weed
Hairy Knotweed

names: 絨蓼 绒蓼

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Fruit type

value: achene

authors: (R.Br.) Soják


slug: persicaria-barbata

scientific: Persicaria barbata

authorship: (L.) Hara

epithet: barbata

Persicaria barbata subsp. gracilis

authorship: (Danser) Soják

Persicaria omerostroma

authorship: (Ohki) Sasaki

Polygonum kotoshoense

authorship: Ohki

codes: CHC CHS CHH IRN NNS SAU TAI YEM AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LDV LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK PHI SOL SRL SUM THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Iran

code: IRN

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Taiwan

code: TAI

Yemen

code: YEM

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laccadive Is.

code: LDV

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 237 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: สร้อยทับทิม เอื้องเพ็ดม้า

partners:
Grammodes geometrica
Mylothris rubricosta


slug: persicaria-bicornis

scientific: Persicaria bicornis

authorship: (Raf.) Nieuwl.

epithet: bicornis

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 201 (1914)

preferred: pink smartweed

english:
pink smartweed
two-horned smartweed

Persicaria longistyla

authorship: (Small) Small

Polygonum bicorne

authorship: Raf.

Polygonum longistylum

authorship: Small

codes: ARK COL ILL IOW KAN LOU MXS MSO NEB NWM OKL SDA TEX WYO

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

region: Mexico

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1095 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pink smartweed
two-horned smartweed

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena miserabilis
Andrena salictaria
Anoplodera pubera
Apallates coxendix
Bibio albipennis
Bibio pallipes
Bracon mellitor
Chalcosyrphus nemorum

partners:
Ammophila nigricans
Andrena simplex
Aporus niger
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus impatiens
Cerceris deserta
Entypus caeruleus
Entypus fulvicornis

label: Visited by

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus sonorus
Systena frontalis

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Danaus plexippus
Pyrgus oileus
Xylocopa virginica virginica

authors: (Raf.) Nieuwl.

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 201


slug: persicaria-bistorta

scientific: Persicaria bistorta

authorship: (L.) Samp.

epithet: bistorta

preferred: common bistort

english:
common bistort
meadow bistort

Bistorta abbreviata

authorship: Kom.

Bistorta carnea

authorship: (K.Koch) Kom.

Bistorta elliptica

authorship: (Willd. ex Spreng.) V.V.Petrovsky, D.F.Murray & Elven

Bistorta ensigera

authorship: (Juz.) Tzvelev

Bistorta lapidosa

authorship: Kitag.

Bistorta major

authorship: Gray

Bistorta major subsp. carnea

authorship: (K.Koch) Soják

Bistorta major subsp. cordifolia

authorship: (Turcz.) Soják

Bistorta major subsp. elliptica

authorship: (Willd. ex Spreng.) Soják

Bistorta major subsp. ensigera

authorship: (Juz.) Soják

Bistorta major subsp. nitens

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Soják

Bistorta major subsp. plumosa

authorship: (Small) H.Hara

Bistorta major var. ovata

authorship: Nakai ex H.Hara

Bistorta major var. pacifica

authorship: (Petrov ex Kom.) H.Hara

Bistorta nitens

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kom.

Bistorta officinalis

authorship: Delarbre

Bistorta officinalis subsp. japonica

authorship: (H.Hara) Yonek.

Bistorta officinalis subsp. pacifica

authorship: (Petrov ex Kom.) Yonek.

Bistorta pacifica var. tomentella

authorship: (Kom.) Tzvelev

Bistorta plumosa

authorship: (Small) Greene

Bistorta vulgaris

authorship: Hill

Bistorta vulgaris var. nitens

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Nakai

Bistorta vulgaris var. pacifica

authorship: (Petrov ex Kom.) Miyabe

Colubrina intorta

authorship: Montandon

Polygonum bistorta subsp. plumosum

authorship: (Small) Hultén

Polygonum bistorta var. plumosum

authorship: (Small) B.Boivin

Polygonum lapidosum

authorship: (Kitag.) Kitag.

codes: MOR ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA MAG CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ SAK TZK CHT TCS TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK ASS NEP PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW POL POR ROM RUS SPA SWI UKR ASK BRC NWT YUK

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Iraq

code: IRQ

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 192 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Alosterna tabacicolor
Anthocharis cardamines
Apis mellifera
Aporia crataegi
Autographa gamma
Bombus rufocinctus
Diptera
Glaucopsyche lygdamus

partners:
Bombus
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Lagopus muta
Philaenus spumarius
Speyeria aglaja
Volucella bombylans

partners:
Puccinia bistortae
Puccinia mei-mamillata


slug: persicaria-capitata

scientific: Persicaria capitata

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross

epithet: capitata

preferred: pink knotweed

english:
pink knotweed
pinkhead smartweed

Cephalophilon capitatum

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Tzvelev

Polygonum capitatum

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

codes: CHC CHS CHT ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP PAK SRL THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

region: China

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Japanese knotweed, Pink-headed persicaria, Pinkhead smartweed, Pink knotweed, Pink bubble persicaria

names: 头花蓼 頭花蓼

names:
Горец головчатый
Персикария головчатая

names: カンイタドリ ヒメツルソバ

names: Kopf-Knöterich Köpfchen-Knöterich

names:
Boule à Boissier
Herbe corail

names: Ampelpilört Slingerormrot

partners:
Syrphidae
Apis mellifera
Ascotis fortunata azorica
Autographa gamma
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Colias croceus
Episyrphus balteatus

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Agrochola helvola
Agrotis clavis
Agrotis ipsilon
Agrotis puta
Agrotis trux
Alectoris rufa
Allograpta obliqua
Altica oleracea

label: Growth habit

source: USDA PLANTS

value: subshrub

label: Life form


slug: persicaria-chinensis

scientific: Persicaria chinensis

authorship: (L.) H.Gross

epithet: chinensis

preferred: Chinese knotweed

Polygonum chinense

authorship: L.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR NNS TAI CHT ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP NCB PHI SRL SUM THA VIE WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Persicaire de Chine, Liane rouge, Empreinte-la-vierge

partners:
Athalia japonica
Dioxyna sororcula
Stictomyia
Unidentified sp167 M_PL_044
Unidentified sp86 M_PL_044

partners:
Aeromachus bandaishanus
Cleruchus nikaknet
Euploea core
Euploea mulciber
Euploea sylvester
Eurema blanda
Graphium agamemnon
Lasioglossum emirnense

partners:
Acrocercops tricirrha
Alcippe brunnea
Alcippe morrisonia
Altica birmanensis
Apis cerana
Apis florea
Columba pulchricollis
Cyanoderma ruficeps


slug: persicaria-decipiens

scientific: Persicaria decipiens

authorship: (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson

epithet: decipiens

preferred: knotweed

Persicaria minor subsp. decipiens

authorship: (R.Br.) Soják

Persicaria salicifolia

authorship: (Brouss. ex Willd.) Assenov

Persicaria serrulata

authorship: (Lag.) Webb & Moq.

Polygonum salicifolium

authorship: Brouss. ex Willd.

Polygonum scabrum var. glabrescens

authorship: Feinbrun

Polygonum serrulatum

authorship: Lag.

codes: ALG ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CNY CPP CVI CPV CAF CHA CON ZAI EGY ETH OFS GAB GAM GHA GUI GGI IVO KEN NAT LES LBR LBY MDR MLW MLI MOR MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG TUN UGA ZAM ZIM CHS CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL TUR YEM ASS BAN IND MYA NWG SRL CTM NSW NZN NZS NFK NTA QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Egypt

code: EGY

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2022 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: عشب صفصاف المستنقع

names: Горец иволистный

names: Persicaire à feuilles de saule, Renouée à feuilles de saule

names: בת-ארכובית משונשנת


slug: persicaria-dichotoma

scientific: Persicaria dichotoma

authorship: (Blume) Masam.

epithet: dichotoma

published_in: Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 2(2): 82 (1954)

Persicaria peduncularis

authorship: Wall. ex Meisn.

Polygonum dichotomum

authorship: Blume

Polygonum strigosum var. pedunculare

authorship: (Wall. ex Meisn.) Steward

Tracaulon pedunculare

authorship: Greene

Truellum dichotomum

authorship: (Blume) Soják

codes: CHS CHH NNS TAI ASS BAN IND JAW LAO MLY PHI SRL THA VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Malaya

code: MLY

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: annual or helophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names: 二歧蓼 水紅骨蛇

label: Woodiness

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

value: annual

published_in: in Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. ii. No. 2, 82 (1954), reimpr. (sphalm. -dichohotoma)

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.