slug: cirsium-purpuratum

scientific: Cirsium purpuratum

authorship: Matsum.

epithet: purpuratum

published_in: Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2 83. 1895

Cirsium purpuratum var. albiflorum

authorship: Kitam.

Cnicus purpuratus

authorship: Maxim.

Japan

code: JAP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2 83


slug: cirsium-quercetorum

scientific: Cirsium quercetorum

authorship: Jeps.

genus: Cirsium

epithet: quercetorum

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Alameda County thistle

source: wikidata

Carduus quercetorum

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Cirsium quercetorum var. campylolepis

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium quercetorum var. walkerianum

authorship: (Petr.) Jeps.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

California

code: CAL

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 790 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Alameda County thistle
Alameda thistle

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Anthophora bomboides
Bombus
Bombus californicus
Lunaceps haematopi
Megachile perihirta

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: biennial

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Jeps.

published_in: Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 507

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: cirsium-remotifolium

scientific: Cirsium remotifolium

authorship: DC.

epithet: remotifolium

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 655. 1838 [1837 publ. early Jan 1838]

preferred: fewleaf thistle

Carduus callilepis

authorship: Greene

Carduus remotifolius

authorship: Hook.

Cirsium americanum var. callilepis

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

Cirsium callilepis var. oregonense

authorship: (Petr.) J.T.Howell

name: Cirsium callilepis var. pseudocarlinoides

Cirsium oreganum

authorship: Piper

name: Cirsium remotifolium subsp. pseudocarlinoides

name: Cirsium remotifolium subsp. remotifolium

Cirsium stenolepidum

authorship: Nutt.

codes: CAL ORE WAS

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 143 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
fewleaf thistle
few-leaf thistle

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

authors: DC.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: phenology

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-repandum

scientific: Cirsium repandum

authorship: Michx.

epithet: repandum

preferred: sandhill thistle

Carduus repandus

authorship: Pers.

Cnicus repandus

authorship: Elliott

codes: GEO NCA SCA VRG

Georgia

code: GEO

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 462 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Michx.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 89


slug: cirsium-rhaphilepis

scientific: Cirsium rhaphilepis

epithet: rhaphilepis

Cnicus rhaphilepis

authorship: Hemsl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 392 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus sonorus
Danaus plexippus plexippus

authors: Petr.

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 27(2): 242

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: cirsium-rhothophilum

scientific: Cirsium rhothophilum

epithet: rhothophilum

published_in: J. Washington Acad. Sci. 21: 336 (1931)

preferred: surf thistle

Carduus maritima

authorship: Elmer

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 107 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 336

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-rivulare

scientific: Cirsium rivulare

authorship: (Jacq.) All.

epithet: rivulare

Carduus erisithales

authorship: Vill.

Carduus pontederae

authorship: Steud.

Carduus rivularis

authorship: Jacq.

Carduus tricephaloides

authorship: Lam.

Cirsium carniolicum

authorship: All.

Cirsium gracile

authorship: Schur

Cirsium semipectinatum

authorship: Rchb.

Cnicus autareticus

authorship: Loisel.

Cnicus pontederae

authorship: Pollini

Cnicus rivularis

authorship: Willd.

Cnicus seminudus

authorship: Schleich. ex DC.

codes: ALB AUT BLT BLR RUC CZE FRA GER GRB HUN YUG RUW POL ROM SPA SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cirse de Salzbourg
Cirse des ruisseaux

names: Осот прибережний

names:
Aftonstjärna
Mörk pärlhyacint

names:
Almindelig Perlehyacint
Nikkende Fuglemælk

names: Hentohelmililja Nuokkutähdikki

names: Nikkestjerne Perleblom

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus sylvestris
Bombus fervidus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus huntii
Bombus hypnorum

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aphis fabae
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus ruderarius
Bombus rupestris
Bombus vosnesenskii
Carpocoris purpureipennis
Centrotus cornuta

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Adelphocoris detritus
Adscita statices
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana


slug: cirsium-scariosum

scientific: Cirsium scariosum

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: scariosum

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 420 (1841)

preferred: Elk Thistle

english:
Elk Thistle
meadow thistle

source: inat

Carduus acaulescens

authorship: (A.Gray) Rydb.

Carduus americanus

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Carduus butleri

authorship: Rydb.

Carduus laterifolius

authorship: Osterh.

Carduus scariosus

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Heller

Carduus tioganus

authorship: (Congdon) A.Heller

Carduus validus

authorship: Greene

Cirsium acaulescens

authorship: (A.Gray) Daniels

Cirsium americanum

authorship: (A.Gray) K.Schum.

Cirsium butleri

authorship: (Rydb.) Petr.

Cirsium clavatum var. americanum

authorship: (A.Gray) D.J.Keil

Cirsium coloradense

authorship: (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels

authorship: (Rydb.) Cockerell

Cirsium coloradense subsp. acaulescens

authorship: (A.Gray) Petr.

Cirsium coloradense subsp. longissimum

authorship: (A.Heller) Petr.

Cirsium congdonii

authorship: R.J.Moore & Frankton

Cirsium drummondii subsp. lanatum

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium drummondii var. acaulescens

authorship: (A.Gray) J.F.Macbr.

Cirsium drummondii var. vexans

authorship: Piper

Cirsium hookerianum var. scariosum

authorship: (Nutt.) B.Boivin

Cirsium laterifolium

authorship: (Osterh.) Rydb.

Cirsium magnificum

authorship: (A.Nelson) Petr.

authorship: (A.Nelson) Rydb.

Cirsium minganense

authorship: Vict.

Cirsium minganense f. album

authorship: Vict. & J.Rousseau

Cirsium modestum

authorship: (Osterh.) Petr.

Cirsium tioganum

authorship: (Congdon) Petr.

Cirsium tioganum var. coloradense

authorship: (Rydb.) Dorn

Cnicus americanus

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Gray

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXN MNT NEV NWM ORE QUE UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

Québec

code: QUE

region: Eastern Canada

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1711 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus appositus
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Bombus bifarius
Bombus californicus
Bombus centralis
Bombus crotchii
Bombus fervidus

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 420

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: cirsium-schantarense

scientific: Cirsium schantarense

authorship: Trautv. & C.A.Mey.

epithet: schantarense

published_in: in Middend. Reise (Fl. Ochot. 58).

Cirsium diamantiacum

authorship: Nakai

Cirsium litorale

authorship: Maxim.

Cirsium litorale var. nudum

authorship: Regel

Cirsium pendulum var. oligocephalum

authorship: Regel & Till.

codes: AMU KHA KOR CHM PRM SAK

Amur

code: AMU

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Russian Far East

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк шантарский

label: Height

category: Size

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jul-Sep

authors: Trautv. & C.A.Mey.

published_in: in Middend. Reise (Fl. Ochot. 58)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cirsium-serratuloides

scientific: Cirsium serratuloides

authorship: (L.) Hill

epithet: serratuloides

published_in: Hort. Kew. : 64

Carduus serratuloides

authorship: L.

Cirsium asiaticum

authorship: Schischk.

Cnicus serratuloides

authorship: Roth

codes: ALT BRY CTA IRK KAZ KHA KRA MON TVA WSB CHX YAK

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 492 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Jul-Aug

authors: Hill

published_in: Hort. Kew. ed. 1: 64

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-serrulatum

scientific: Cirsium serrulatum

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Fisch.

epithet: serrulatum

published_in: Cat. Jard. Gorenki ed. 2, 35 (1812)

Carduus serrulatus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Steud.

Cirsium ciliatoaffine

authorship: Besser

Epitrachys serrulata

authorship: (M.Bieb.) K.Koch

codes: ALT KAZ NCS RUC RUE KRY ROM RUS UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life form

value: therophyte

authors: (M.Bieb.) Fisch.

published_in: Cat. Jard. Gorenki ed. 2, 35


slug: cirsium-simplex-hornem

scientific: Cirsium simplex

authorship: Hornem.

epithet: simplex

published_in: Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 93 (1819)

Cirsium simplex var. armenum

authorship: (DC.) Boiss.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк простой

published_in: Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer). 70

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-simplex-c-a-mey

published_in: Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. : 70 (1831)

codes: NCS TCS TUR

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

names: Бодяк простой


slug: cirsium-skutchii

scientific: Cirsium skutchii

epithet: skutchii

Guatemala

code: GUA

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

climate: montane tropical

published_in: Brittonia 2: 357

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-spinosissimum

scientific: Cirsium spinosissimum

authorship: (L.) Scop.

epithet: spinosissimum

Carduus comosus

authorship: Lam.

Carduus spinosissimus

authorship: Vill.

Cirsium caput-medusae

authorship: Schur ex Nyman

Cirsium controversum

authorship: DC.

Cirsium hallerianum

authorship: Gaudin

Cirsium purpureum

authorship: All.

Cirsium spitzelii

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Nyman

Cnicus purpureus

authorship: Bertol.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: AUT FRA GER ITA YUG SWI

Austria

code: AUT

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cirse epineux
Cirse très épineux

partners:
Bombus
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea

partners:
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Bombus cryptarum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombus wurflenii
Colias croceus

partners:
Oreina elongata
Acanthis flammea
Adelphocoris detritus
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (L.) Scop.


slug: cirsium-subcoriaceum

scientific: Cirsium subcoriaceum

epithet: subcoriaceum

Carduus heterolepis

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Carduus subcoriaceus

authorship: Less.

Cirsium heterolepis

authorship: Benth.

Cirsium platycephalum

authorship: Benth. ex Oerst.

Cirsium subcoriaceum

authorship: (Less.) Petr.

Cnicus heterolepis

authorship: (Benth.) A.Gray

Cnicus subcoriacess

authorship: Hemsl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 455 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus ephippiatus
Eugenes fulgens
Panterpe insignis

published_in: Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 7-8: 312


slug: cirsium-suzukii

scientific: Cirsium suzukii

authorship: Kitam.

epithet: suzukii

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 58 (1932)

Taiwan

code: TAI

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 80 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鈴木氏薊 台湾大蓟

authors: Kitam.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(1): 58

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-texanum

scientific: Cirsium texanum

authorship: Buckley

epithet: texanum

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1861: 460 (1862)

preferred: Texas Thistle

english:
Texas Thistle
Texas thistle

Cirsium helleri

authorship: (Small) Cory

Cirsium ochrocentrum var. helleri

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium texanum var. stenolepis

authorship: Shinners

codes: ARK LOU MXE MSO NWM OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Louisiana

code: LOU

Missouri

code: MSO

region: North-Central U.S.A.

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1989 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Cirsium undulatum

slug: cirsium-undulatum

names:
Texas thistle
Texas purple thistle

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Acmaeodera labyrinthica
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Battus philenor
Battus philenor philenor
Chioides catillus
Chioides zilpa

partners:
Anthidium maculosum
Apis mellifera
Battus philenor
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Danaus plexippus
Dione vanillae
Entylia carinata

partners:
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Battus philenor
Bombus pensylvanicus
Columbina passerina
Danaus plexippus
Dione vanillae
Euphoria sepulcralis

authors: Buckley

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 460


slug: cirsium-tuberosum

scientific: Cirsium tuberosum

authorship: (L.) All.

epithet: tuberosum

Carduus bulbosus

authorship: Lam.

Carduus gouanii

authorship: Steud.

Carduus pedemontanus

authorship: Pers.

Carduus tuberosus

authorship: L.

Cirsium bulbosum

authorship: DC.

Cirsium tuberosum subsp. bulbosum

authorship: (Lam.) Sudre

Cnicus gouanii

authorship: Willd.

Cnicus tuberosus

authorship: (L.) Roth

Cynara tuberosa

authorship: (L.) Stokes

codes: FRA GER GRB ITA YUG POR SPA SWI

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

region: Middle Europe

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк клубневой

names:
Cirse bulbeux
Cirse tubereux

names:
pcháč hlíznatý
pchá

names:
Ysgall Clorog
Ysgallen Glorog

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Andrena humilis
Bombus humilis
Bombus rupestris
Bombus terrestris
Cetonia aurata
Cheilosia albipila
Cheilosia bergenstammi

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Andrena denticulata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena pilipes
Anthidium manicatum
Aphantopus hyperantus

partners:
Chaetostomella cylindrica
Tephritis hyoscyami
Terellia serratulae
Acanthis flammea
Adelphocoris detritus
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii


slug: cirsium-turneri

scientific: Cirsium turneri

authorship: Warnock

epithet: turneri

preferred: cliff thistle

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

region: South-Central U.S.A.

authors: Warnock

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 5: 101


slug: cirsium-ukranicum

scientific: Cirsium ukranicum

authorship: Besser ex DC.

epithet: ukranicum

codes: RUC RUS UKR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Besser ex DC.


scientific: Cirsium undulatum

authorship: (Nutt.) Spreng.

epithet: undulatum

preferred: wavyleaf thistle

Carduus megacephalus

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Nelson

Carduus undulatus

authorship: Nutt.

Cirsium megacephalum

authorship: (A.Gray) Cockerell ex Daniels

authorship: (A.Gray) Cockerell

Cirsium undulatum f. album

authorship: Farw.

Cirsium undulatum var. megacephalum

authorship: (A.Gray) Fernald

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN MAN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL ORE PEN SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oregon

code: ORE

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2042 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wavyleaf thistle
Wavyleaf Thistle (Wavy-leaved)

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus nevadensis
Megachile montivaga
Agapostemon melliventris
Anthophora terminalis
Anthophora urbana
Atrytone arogos

partners:
Andrena runcinatae
Andrena miranda
Anthophora bomboides
Anthophora occidentalis
Bombus appositus
Bombus bohemicus
Bombus californicus
Bombus centralis

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Epicauta strigosa
Euphoria inda
Euphoria kernii
Lunaceps haematopi
Perdix perdix

partners:
Acmaeodera ornata
Acmaeodera scalaris
Rhinocyllus conicus


slug: cirsium-verutum

scientific: Cirsium verutum

authorship: (D.Don) Spreng.

epithet: verutum

Carduus involucratus

authorship: Wall.

Carduus trilobatus

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

Cnicus involucratus

authorship: Wall. ex DC.

codes: CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK VIE WHM

Tibet

code: CHT

region: China

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

partners:
Aporia agathon
Byasa dasarada
Celaenorrhinus leucocera
Gonepteryx nepalensis
Parantica sita
Zenonoida eltola

value: 3 m

value: May-Jul

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 370


slug: cirsium-vinaceum

scientific: Cirsium vinaceum

authorship: (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.

epithet: vinaceum

published_in: Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 19 751 1915

preferred: Sacramento Mountain thistle

Carduus vinaceus

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

Cirsium vinaceum

authorship: (Wooton & Standl.) Petr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 228 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Sacramento Mountain thistle
Sacramento Mountains thistle

partners:
Apoidea
Diptera
Hyles lineata
Lepidoptera
Trochilidae

partners:
Hyles lineata
Melanoplus calidus
Paracantha gentilis

authors: Wooton & Standl.

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 751

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-virginianum

scientific: Cirsium virginianum

authorship: Michx.

epithet: virginianum

preferred: Virginia thistle

Carduus revolutus

authorship: Small

Carduus virginianus

authorship: L.

Cirsium revolutum

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium virginianum f. revolutum

authorship: (Small) Fernald

codes: DEL FLA GEO NWJ NCA SCA VRG

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 90


slug: cirsium-vlassovianum

scientific: Cirsium vlassovianum

authorship: Fisch. ex DC.

epithet: vlassovianum

Cirsium kaimaense

authorship: Kitam.

Cirsium vlassovianum var. bracteatum

authorship: Ledeb.

Cnicus vlassovianum

authorship: (Fisch. ex DC.) Maximova

Cnicus vlassovianus

authorship: (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim.

codes: AMU CHN CHS CTA CHI KHA KOR CHM MON PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

region: Siberia

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Vlassov's thistle
Vlassoviana thistle

names: 猫腿姑 绒背蓟

names: Бодяк Власова

value: 1 m

value: Aug

authors: Fisch. ex DC.


slug: cirsium-vulgare

scientific: Cirsium vulgare

authorship: (Savi) Ten.

epithet: vulgare

published_in: Fl. Napol. 5: 209

preferred: Bull Thistle

english:
Bull Thistle
Spear Thistle
spear thistle
bull thistle

Ascalea lanceata

authorship: Hill

Ascalea lanceolata

authorship: (L.) Hill

Carduus chinensis

authorship: DC.

Carduus divaricatus

authorship: Gllib.

Carduus firmus

authorship: Steud.

Carduus vulgaris

authorship: Savi

Cirsium abyssinicum

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.

Cirsium atticum

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Nyman

Cirsium auriculatum

authorship: E.G.Camus ex Belèze

Cirsium balearicum

authorship: Willk.

authorship: Porta

Cirsium britannicum

authorship: Scop.

Cirsium firmum

authorship: (C.Presl) Arcang.

Cirsium gracile

authorship: Rostr. ex Nyman

Cirsium judicariense

authorship: Porta ex Petr.

Cirsium lanceolatum

authorship: (L.) Scop.

Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. sylvaticum

authorship: (Tausch) Arènes

Cirsium lanceolatum var. abyssinicum

authorship: (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Chiov.

Cirsium lanceolatum var. nemorale

authorship: Nägeli ex K.Koch

Cirsium lanceolatum var. rhiphaeum

authorship: Pau & Font Quer

Cirsium lanigerum

authorship: Naegeli

Cirsium linkii

authorship: Nyman

Cirsium longespinosum

authorship: Tod. ex Nyman

Cirsium microcephalum

authorship: Lange

Cirsium mielichhoferi

authorship: Saut.

Cirsium nemorale

authorship: Rchb.

Cirsium pseudolanceolatum

authorship: Schur

Cirsium rosani

authorship: Ten.

Cirsium silvaticum

authorship: Tausch

Cirsium spurium

authorship: Delastre

Cirsium strigosum

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.

Cirsium tauscheri

authorship: Simonk. ex Petr.

Cirsium tempskyanum

authorship: Rigo ex Huter

Cirsium virens

authorship: Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb. ex Nyman

Cirsium vulgare

authorship: (Savi) Petr.

Cirsium vulgare f. erdneri

authorship: Soó

Cirsium vulgare subsp. silvaticum

authorship: (Tausch) Dostál

Cirsium vulgare var. nemorale

authorship: (Rchb.) Tzvelev

Cnicus lanceolatus

authorship: Willd.

Cnicus lanceolatus var. abyssinicus

authorship: (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Vatke

Cnicus leucophanus

authorship: Baumg. ex Schur

Cnicus strigosus

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Cynara lanceata

authorship: Stokes

Eriolepis lanceolata

authorship: (L.) Cass.

Lophiolepis dubia

authorship: Cass.

codes: ALG MOR TUN AFG ALT CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ KRA LBS NCS SAU TZK TCS TKM TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YEM PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gemeine Kratzdistel
Gewöhnliche Kratzdistel

names: Cirse commun, Cirse à feuilles lancéolées, Cirse lancéolé

partners:
Anthidium manicatum
Apis mellifera
Bembix americana
Bombus californicus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus impatiens
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vosnesenskii

partners:
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Amara aulica
Andrena flavipes
Andrena subopaca
Anthocharis cardamines
Aphantopus hyperantus
Aphis

partners:
Andrena coitana
Bombus barbutellus
Bombus distinguendus

partners:
Carduelis carduelis
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Apis mellifera
Cercyonis pegala
Chaetostomella cylindrica
Ensina sonchi
Larinus planus
Lema cyanella

partners:
Bremia lactucae
Chrysocharis pubicornis
Diglyphus poppoea
Erysiphe mayorii
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Puccinia cnici
Puccinia cnici-oleracei
Pustula spinulosa

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: cirsium-waldsteinii

scientific: Cirsium waldsteinii

authorship: Rouy

epithet: waldsteinii

published_in: Fl. France 9: 84, in adnot. (1905)

Cirsium pauciflorum

authorship: Spreng.

Cnicus pauciflorus

authorship: Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.

codes: AUT CZE YUG POL ROM UKR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

region: Southeastern Europe

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк Вальдштейна

names: Осот Вальдштейна

value: 2 m

authors: Rouy

published_in: Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 84, in adnot

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-wallichii

scientific: Cirsium wallichii

authorship: DC.

epithet: wallichii

Cirsium wallichii var. glabratum

authorship: (Hook.f.) Wendelbo

Cirsium wallichii var. platylepis

authorship: (Hook.f.) Aswal & Mehrotra

Cnicus argyracanthus var. nepalensis

authorship: (DC.) C.B.Clarke

Cnicus wallichii var. nepalensis

authorship: (DC.) Hook.f.

Echenais ferox

authorship: Edgew. ex C.B.Clarke

codes: AFG EHM IND NEP PAK WHM

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

value: annual

value: Jul-Oct


slug: cirsium-wheeleri

scientific: Cirsium wheeleri

authorship: Petr.

epithet: wheeleri

preferred: Wheeler's thistle

Carduus olivescens

authorship: Rydb.

Carduus perennans

authorship: Greene

Cirsium olivescens

authorship: (Rydb.) Rydb.

Cirsium perennans

authorship: (Greene) Wooton & Standl.

codes: ARI COL MXE MXN NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 274 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus sonorus
Danaus plexippus

published_in: Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 67


slug: cirsium-zamoranense

scientific: Cirsium zamoranense

authorship: Rzed.

epithet: zamoranense

authors: Rzed.


slug: cissampelos-capensis

scientific: Cissampelos capensis

genus: Cissampelos

epithet: capensis

family: Menispermaceae

Antizoma capensis

authorship: (L.f.) Diels

Antizoma capensis var. pulverulenta

authorship: Diels

Cissampelos capensis var. pulverulenta

authorship: Harv.

Cissampelos fruticosa

authorship: Thunb.

Cissampelos humilis

authorship: Poir.

Phyllanthus cinereoviridis

authorship: Pax

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: scrambling shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 819 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: dawidjies dawidjiewortel

value: shrub

value: variable

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 110

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissampelos-mucronata

scientific: Cissampelos mucronata

epithet: mucronata

Cissampelos apiculata

authorship: Hochst.

Cissampelos aristolochiifolia

authorship: Fenzl

Cissampelos comata

authorship: Miers

Cissampelos macrostachya

authorship: Klotzsch

Cissampelos natalensis

authorship: Szyszył.

Cissampelos pareira var. asperifolia

authorship: Welw. ex Hiern

Cissampelos pareira var. macrostachya

authorship: (Klotzsch) T.Durand & Schinz

Cissampelos pareira var. mucronata

authorship: (A.Rich.) T.Durand & Schinz

authorship: (A.Rich.) Engl.

Cissampelos pareira var. zairensis

authorship: (Miers) T.Durand & Schinz

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPV CAF CHA CON ZAI ERI SWZ ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN NAT MLW MLI MTN MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissampelos-ovalifolia

scientific: Cissampelos ovalifolia

authorship: DC.

epithet: ovalifolia

Cissampelos amazonica

authorship: Miers ex Benth.

Cissampelos ovalifolia f. latifolia

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

name: Cissampelos ovalifolia f. longepetiolata

name: Cissampelos ovalifolia f. ovato-mucronata

name: Cissampelos ovalifolia var. cinereoviridis

Cissampelos pareira var. crenata

authorship: (DC.) Diels

Cissampelos pareira var. vestita

authorship: (Triana & Planch.) Diels

Cissampelos rotundata

authorship: Pohl ex Eichler

name: Cissampelos suborbicularis var. sublanata

Cissampelos vestita

authorship: Triana & Planch.

Echites dubius

authorship: Vell.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM GUY PAR SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

region: Southern South America

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: subshrub

climate: wet tropical

value: herb

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: subshrub

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: DC.

published_in: Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 1: 537

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cissampelos-pareira

scientific: Cissampelos pareira

authorship: L.

epithet: pareira

preferred: velvetleaf

Cissampelos acuminata

authorship: Benth.

Cissampelos argentea

authorship: Kunth

Cissampelos boivinii

authorship: Baill.

Cissampelos canescens

authorship: Miq.

Cissampelos cocculus

authorship: Poir.

Cissampelos convolvulacea

authorship: Willd.

Cissampelos cordifolia

authorship: Bojer

Cissampelos cumingiana

authorship: Turcz.

Cissampelos ellenbeckii

authorship: Diels

Cissampelos hirsuta

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

Cissampelos littoralis var. minutiflora

authorship: A.St.-Hil. & Tul.

Cissampelos mauritiana

authorship: Thouars

Cissampelos nepalensis

authorship: Rhodes

Cissampelos obtecta

authorship: Wall. ex Miers

authorship: Wall.

name: Cissampelos pareira f. emarginato-mucronata

Cissampelos pareira subvar. crassifolia

authorship: Engl.

name: Cissampelos pareira subvar. madagascariensis

authorship: (Miers) Engl.

name: Cissampelos pareira subvar. usambarensis

Cissampelos pareira var. australis

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Diels

Cissampelos pareira var. caapeba

authorship: (L.) Eichler

Cissampelos pareira var. haenkeana

authorship: (C.Presl) Diels

Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman

Cissampelos pareira var. mauritiana

authorship: (Thouars) Baker

authorship: (Thouars) Diels

Cissampelos pareira var. monoica

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Eichler

Cissampelos pareira var. nephrophylla

authorship: (Bojer) Diels

Cissampelos pareira var. peltata

authorship: Scheff.

Cissampelos pareira var. racemiflora

authorship: Eichler

Cissampelos pareira var. tamoides

authorship: (Willd. ex DC.) Diels

Cissampelos pareira var. wildei

authorship: Benv.

Cissampelos pata

authorship: Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.

Cissampelos poilanei

authorship: Gagnep.

Cissampelos reticulata

authorship: Borhidi

Cissampelos subpeltata

authorship: Thwaites

authorship: Thwaites ex Miers

Cissampelos tamoides

authorship: Willd. ex DC.

Cissampelos tetrandra

authorship: Roxb.

Cissampelos violifolia

authorship: Rusby

Cyclea madagascariensis

authorship: (Miers) Baill.

Dissopetalum mauritianum

authorship: (Thouars) Miers

Pericampylus membranaceus

authorship: (Wall.) Miers

codes: ALD COM ETH KEN MDG MAU MOZ RWA REU SOM TAN UGA ZIM CHC CHS TAI AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND LAO LSI MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK PHI SRL SUL THA VIE WHM QLD FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TRT URU VEN VNA WIN

Aldabra

code: ALD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 440 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Hayatine

activities: Antisilicotic Antitumor Histaminic Hypertensive Myorelaxant Respirastimulant

Bebeerine

activities: Antimalarial Antitumor Cardiactive Pesticide

Tetrandrine

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiaggregant Antialopecic Antianginal Antiarrhythmic Antidandruff Antihistaminic

Cycleanine

activities: Analgesic Antiaggregant Antialopecic Antiarthritic Antidandruff Antiinflammatory Antileishmanic Antipyretic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: Faux pareira brava, Liane blanche, Herbe Notre-Dame, Liane à cœur, Liane à glacer l'eau, Vigne bâtarde

partners:
Anomis fulvida
Calyptra minuticornis
Eudocima phalonia
Oedipomidas oedipus
Oraesia emarginata
Oraesia provocans
Phodoryctis caerulea
Saltator maximus

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissampelos-torulosa

scientific: Cissampelos torulosa

authorship: E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.

epithet: torulosa

Cissampelos truncatus

authorship: Engl.

Cissampelos wildemaniana

authorship: Bossche

Menispermum capense

authorship: Thunb.

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MLW MOZ TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: climbing shrub or liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 334 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: davidjies davidjieswortel

names: ukhalimele ukhalimele-omkhulu

partners:
Oraesia emarginata
Oraesia provocans

value: liana

value: woody

value: perennial

authors: E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 1: 11

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissampelos-tropaeolifolia

scientific: Cissampelos tropaeolifolia

authorship: DC.

epithet: tropaeolifolia

Cissampelos fluminensis

authorship: Eichler

Cissampelos peltata

authorship: Ruiz ex Eichler

name: Cissampelos sympodialis var. grandifolia

authorship: Britton

name: Cissampelos tropaeolifolia var. fluminensis

authorship: (Eichler) Diels

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN PAR PER VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: liana

names:
Iyu kinto
Na pi’ta shili

partners:
Euplectrus johnnoyesi
Euplectrus sydneycameronae

value: vine

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cissus-alata

scientific: Cissus alata

authorship: Jacq.

genus: Cissus

epithet: alata

family: Vitaceae

published_in: Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. : 23 (1763)

preferred: grape ivy

source: usda

Cissus pubescens

authorship: Kunth

Cissus rhombifolia

authorship: Vahl

Cissus sulcicaulis var. alata

authorship: (Jacq.) Hassl.

Gonoloma alata

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

Vitis alata

authorship: (Jacq.) Kuntze

Vitis rhombifolia

authorship: (Vahl) Baker

Vitis rhomboidea var. transvaalensis

authorship: Szyszył.

Vitis trifoliata var. alata

authorship: (Jacq.) C.Wright

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ BOL CLM COS ECU GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Colombia

code: CLM

Guyana

code: GUY

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

region: Caribbean

Venezuela

code: VEN

names:
Venezuela treebind
Venezuela treebine

names: 具翼白粉藤 菱叶白粉藤

names: Циссус ромболистный

names: קיסוסן מעוין

partners:
Cebus capucinus
Phyllocnistis auriinea
Phytonemus pallidus


slug: cissus-ambongensis

scientific: Cissus ambongensis

authorship: Desc.

epithet: ambongensis

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France  112: 467 (1966)

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

climate: seasonally dry tropical

authors: Desc.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 112: 467


slug: cissus-biformifolia

scientific: Cissus biformifolia

authorship: Standl.

epithet: biformifolia

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser.  4: 225 (1929)

Cissus muelleri

authorship: Planch.

Cissus oaxacana

authorship: Lundell

codes: QLD MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Queensland

code: QLD

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

lifeform: climber

partners:
Ateles belzebuth
Leontocebus fuscicollis
Tamarinus mystax

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: non-woody

authors: Standl.


slug: cissus-cactiformis

scientific: Cissus cactiformis

authorship: Gilg

epithet: cactiformis

published_in: Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 258 (1895)

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ETH KEN NAT MOZ TVL SOM TAN ZAM ZIM

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: climbing succulent

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 88 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cactus Grape
Cactus Vine

names: 拟翡翠阁 翡翠阁

names: Циссус кактусовидный

authors: Gilg

published_in: Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C (1895) 258


slug: cissus-cacuminis

scientific: Cissus cacuminis

epithet: cacuminis

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser.  17: 375 (1938)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC


slug: cissus-cornifolia

scientific: Cissus cornifolia

authorship: (Baker) Planch.

epithet: cornifolia

Vitis cornifolia

authorship: Baker

codes: BEN BOT BKN CMN CAF CHA ZAI ETH GAB GHA GUI IVO KEN MLW MOZ NGA TVL SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Benin

code: BEN

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Malawi

code: MLW

Nigeria

code: NGA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Togo

code: TOG

Uganda

code: UGA

lifeform: scrambling subshrub or shrub

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Black Wild Grape
Ivy Grape

names: klimopdruif mopaniedruif

names: Mudzambiringa Mugunduzhi

names: pesseme pessene


slug: cissus-discolor

scientific: Cissus discolor

authorship: Blume

epithet: discolor

published_in: Catalogus : 39 (1823)

Cissus discolor unranked marmorata

authorship: Jacob-Makoy

Cissus javana

authorship: DC.

Cissus javana var. amplifolia

authorship: Hochr.

Cissus sessilis

authorship: Amshoff

Cissus sicyoides

authorship: Klein ex Steud.

Vitis bracteata

authorship: Noronha

Vitis costata

authorship: Wall.

Vitis discolor

authorship: (Blume) Dalzell

codes: CHC AND ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP NCB PHI THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Begonia Vine
Rex Begonia Vine

names: Циссус разноцветный

names: ดาดตะกั่วเถา

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Cethosia mahratta
Graphium teredon
Kallima sylvia


slug: cissus-elongata

scientific: Cissus elongata

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: elongata

Cayratia elongata

authorship: (Roxb.) Suess.

Vitis elongata

authorship: (Roxb.) Wall.

Vitis elongata var. littoralis

authorship: Talbot

codes: CHC CHS CHH AND ASS BAN EHM IND MLY MYA NEP THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

names: 五叶白粉藤 五葉粉藤

authors: Roxb.


slug: cissus-erosa

scientific: Cissus erosa

authorship: Rich.

epithet: erosa

published_in: Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris  1: 106 (1792)

preferred: caro de tres hojas

source: wikidata

Cissus elongata

authorship: Miq.

Cissus elongata var. linearifolia

authorship: (Baker) Hoehne

Cissus epidendrica

authorship: Vell.

Cissus epidendron

authorship: Eichler

Cissus erosa subsp. linearifolia

authorship: (Baker) Lombardi

Cissus erosa var. guaranitica

authorship: Hassl.

Cissus erosa var. salutaris

authorship: (Kunth) Planch.

Cissus guaranitica

authorship: Chodat

Cissus lucida

authorship: Poir.

Cissus matudae

authorship: Lundell

Cissus obliqua

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Cissus quadrialata

authorship: Kunth

Cissus semivirgata

authorship: Planch.

Cissus sexangularis

authorship: Ernst

Cissus suberecta

authorship: (Baker) Malme

Cissus sylvatica

authorship: Cambess.

Cissus uribei

authorship: Dugand

Cissus urupaensis

authorship: Hoehne

Vitis erosa

authorship: (Rich.) Baker

Vitis salutaris

authorship: (Kunth) Baker

codes: MXC MXG MXN MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 426 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Циссус изъеденный

partners:
Heliconius erato cruentus
Heliconius sara fulgidus
Polybia occidentalis


slug: cissus-fragilis

scientific: Cissus fragilis

authorship: E.Mey. ex Harv.

epithet: fragilis

codes: CPP NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 173


slug: cissus-gossypiifolia

scientific: Cissus gossypiifolia

authorship: Standl.

epithet: gossypiifolia

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser.  8: 23 (1930)

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS CUB GUA HON NIC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC


slug: cissus-hastata

scientific: Cissus hastata

authorship: Miq.

epithet: hastata

published_in: Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 517 (1861)

Vitis hastata

authorship: (Miq.) Miq.

codes: BAN BOR JAW LAO MLY MYA NWG PHI SUM THA VIE QLD

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 四方藤 戟葉白粉藤

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: evergreen

authors: Miq.

published_in: Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 517


slug: cissus-kerrii

scientific: Cissus kerrii

authorship: Craib

epithet: kerrii

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew  1911: 31 (1911)

Cissus modeccoides var. kerrii

authorship: (Craib) Craib

Cissus modeccoides var. subintegra

authorship: Gagnep.

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI CBD THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Cambodia

code: CBD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 花斑叶 鸡心藤

source: GIFT

authors: Craib

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911(1): 31


slug: cissus-microcarpa

scientific: Cissus microcarpa

authorship: Vahl

epithet: microcarpa

Cissus chontalensis

authorship: (Seem.) Planch.

Cissus dichroa

authorship: Urb.

Cissus mexicana

authorship: Mattei

Cissus torreana

authorship: Britton & P.Wilson

Cissus trifoliata

authorship: L.

Vitis chontalensis

authorship: Seem.

Vitis microcarpa

authorship: (Vahl) Donn.Sm.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PER SWC VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

partners:
Alouatta pigra
Ateles geoffroyi
Lagothrix lagotricha


slug: cissus-palmata

scientific: Cissus palmata

authorship: Poir.

epithet: palmata

Cissus bonariensis

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Cissus gibertii

authorship: (Baker) Planch.

Cissus palmata var. balansana

authorship: Planch.

Vitis bakeri

authorship: Herter

Vitis commersonii

authorship: Baker

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL CLM FRG GUY PAR PER SUR URU VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Paraguay

code: PAR

Suriname

code: SUR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Poir.

published_in: Encycl., Suppl. 1: 107

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissus-penninervis

scientific: Cissus penninervis

authorship: (F.Muell.) Planch.

epithet: penninervis

Cissus arthroclada

authorship: Lauterb.

Nothocissus penninervis

authorship: (F.Muell.) Latiff

codes: NWG QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Planch.


slug: cissus-picardae

scientific: Cissus picardae

epithet: picardae

Cissus parciflora

authorship: Urb. & Ekman

codes: DOM HAI

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

authors: Urb.

published_in: Symb. Antill. (Urban). 3(2): 317


slug: cissus-pteroclada

scientific: Cissus pteroclada

authorship: Hayata

epithet: pteroclada

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan.  2: 107 (1912)

Vitis pteroclada

authorship: (Hayata) Hayata

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI MLY MYA THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 200 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 四方宽筋藤 四方藤

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 107


slug: cissus-quadrangularis

scientific: Cissus quadrangularis

epithet: quadrangularis

preferred: veldt-grape

Cissus bifida

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

Cissus edulis

authorship: Dalzell

Cissus fischeri

authorship: Gilg

Cissus quadrangula

authorship: Salisb.

Cissus succulenta

authorship: (Galpin) Burtt Davy

Cissus tetragona

authorship: Harv.

Saelanthus quadragonus

authorship: (L.) Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.

Vitis quadrangularis

authorship: (L.) Wall. ex Wight

Vitis succulenta

authorship: Galpin

codes: ANG BEN BKN BUR CMN CAF CHA ZAI DJI ERI SWZ ETH GAM GNB IVO KEN NAT MDG MLW MLI MTN MOZ NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM OMA SAU YEM ASS BAN IND LDV MYA PAK SRL

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gambia

code: GAM

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Madagascar

code: MDG

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 539 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Циссус четырёхугольный

names:
Cisse à quatre angles
Cisse à quatre angles, Liane carrée

names: হাড় জোৰা লতা

partners:
Deuterocopus socotranus
Acridotheres tristis
Agoma trimeni
Apis florea
Centroctena imitans
Cinnyris asiaticus
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvus splendens

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissus-repens

scientific: Cissus repens

authorship: Lam.

epithet: repens

preferred: cissus

Cissus blumeana

authorship: Steud.

Cissus cerifera

authorship: Teijsm. & Binn.

Cissus cordata

authorship: Roxb.

Cissus diffusus

authorship: (Miq.) Amshoff

Cissus glaucoramea

authorship: Planch.

Cissus purpurea

authorship: Roxb. ex Steud.

Cissus vesicatoria

authorship: Blanco

Ingenhoussia umbellata

authorship: Dennst.

Vitis cordata

authorship: Wall. ex Voigt

Vitis diffusa

authorship: Miq.

Vitis glauca

authorship: (Roxb.) Wall.

Vitis kleinii

authorship: Wall.

Vitis repens

authorship: (Lam.) Wight & Arn.

Vitis vitiginea var. repens

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

codes: CHC CHS TAI AND ASS BAN BOR CBD XMS EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PHI SUL SUM THA VIE NTA QLD NWC

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

Christmas I.

code: XMS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissus-rotundifolia

scientific: Cissus rotundifolia

epithet: rotundifolia

preferred: Venezuelan treebine

Cissus crassifolia

authorship: (Baker) Planch.

Saelanthus rotundifolius

authorship: Forssk.

Vitis crassifolia

authorship: Baker

Vitis forskahlii

authorship: Blatt.

Vitis pachyphylla

authorship: Cordem.

Vitis rotundifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Deflers

codes: BUR ZAI DJI ERI SWZ ETH KEN NAT MLW MAU MOZ TVL REU SOM SUD TAN UGA ZIM OMA SAU YEM

Burundi

code: BUR

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mauritius

code: MAU

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Réunion

code: REU

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Oman

code: OMA

region: Arabian Peninsula

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

lifeform: climbing shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 318 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Venezuelan treebine
Arabian wax cissus

partners:
Heterohyrax brucei
Loxodonta africana
Papio anubis
Procavia capensis

source: USDA PLANTS

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissus-subaphylla

scientific: Cissus subaphylla

authorship: (Balf.f.) Planch.

epithet: subaphylla

Socotra

code: SOC

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names: Циссус малолистный

authors: (Balf.f.) Planch.


slug: cissus-tiliacea

scientific: Cissus tiliacea

authorship: Kunth

epithet: tiliacea

Cissus arsenii

authorship: Standl.

Cissus brevicaulis

authorship: Gentry

Cissus pallidiflora

authorship: Lundell

Cissus sicyoides f. tiliacea

authorship: (Kunth) Planch.

Cissus subtruncata

authorship: Rose

Cissus tuberosa

authorship: Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

Vitis tiliacea

authorship: (Kunth) Hemsl.

Vitis tuberosa

authorship: (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Hemsl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: scrambling caudex geophyte

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Kunth

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] v. 222

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cissus-trifoliata

scientific: Cissus trifoliata

epithet: trifoliata

preferred: sorrelvine

english:
sorrelvine
Arizona Grape Ivy
Sorrelvine

Cayratia trifolia var. cinerea

authorship: (Lam.) Raizada

Cissus acida

authorship: L.

Cissus acutifolia

authorship: Poir.

Cissus carnifolia

authorship: Urb. & Ekman

Cissus crenata

authorship: Vahl

Cissus incisa

authorship: Des Moul. ex S.Watson

Cissus obtusifolia

authorship: Lam.

Cissus parvifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Kemoxis acida

authorship: Raf.

Vitis incisa

authorship: Nutt.

Vitis trifoliata

authorship: (L.) Baker

authorship: (L.) Morales

Vitis trifoliata var. microcarpa

authorship: Kuntze

codes: ALA ARI ARK FLA GEO KAN LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO NWM OKL TEX ARU BAH CAY CLM CUB DOM ECU GUA HAI JAM LEE NLA NIC PUE TCI VEN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Bahamas

code: BAH

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1970 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ascia monuste
Papilio rumiko
Sceliphron caementarium
Sphex ichneumoneus

partners:
Cyclura lewisi
Leptotila verreauxi
Sphex ichneumoneus
Trogon elegans


slug: cissus-verticillata

scientific: Cissus verticillata

authorship: (L.) Nicolson & C.E.Jarvis

epithet: verticillata

preferred: seasonvine

Cissus albonitens

authorship: Linden & André

Cissus andraeana

authorship: Planch.

Cissus argentea

authorship: Linden

Cissus buchii

authorship: Urb.

Cissus compressicaulis

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Cissus elliptica

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Cissus glauca

authorship: Thwaites

Cissus lamarckiana

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Cissus latifolia

authorship: Descourt.

Cissus lindenii

authorship: André

Cissus nitida

authorship: Vell.

Cissus oblongolanceolata

authorship: (Krug & Urb.) Urb.

Cissus obscura

authorship: DC.

Cissus obtusata

authorship: Benth.

Cissus officinalis

authorship: Klotzsch

Cissus ovata

authorship: Rich.

Cissus reticulata

authorship: Willd.

Cissus rotundifolia

authorship: Blume

Cissus sicyoides f. apensis

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Cissus sicyoides f. canescens

authorship: (Lam.) Planch.

Cissus sicyoides f. compressicaulis

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Planch.

Cissus sicyoides f. oblongolanceolata

authorship: Krug & Urb.

Cissus sicyoides f. oxyodon

authorship: (Planch.) Planch.

Cissus sicyoides f. parvifolia

authorship: Griseb.

Cissus sicyoides f. tamoides

authorship: (Cambess.) Planch.

Cissus sicyoides f. umbrosa

authorship: (Kunth) Planch.

Cissus sicyoides var. palmata

authorship: Hassl.

Cissus smilacina

authorship: Kunth

Cissus tamoides

authorship: Cambess.

Cissus tucumana

authorship: Suess.

Cissus verticillata subsp. laciniata

authorship: (Baker) Lombardi

Cissus verticillata var. micrantha

authorship: (Poir.) Lombardi

Irsiola sicyoides

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Phoradendron verticillatum

authorship: (L.) Druce

Vitis albonitens

authorship: (Linden & André) G.Nicholson

Vitis elliptica

authorship: Hemsl.

Vitis endresii

authorship: (Veitch) H.J.Veitch

Vitis obtusata

authorship: (Benth.) Hemsl.

Vitis sicyoides

authorship: (L.) Miq.

Vitis sicyoides f. laciniata

authorship: Baker

Vitis sicyoides var. canescens

authorship: (Lam.) Rusby

Vitis sicyoides var. jacquinii

authorship: Planch. ex Glaz.

Vitis sicyoides var. monstrosa

authorship: (Baker) Hemsl.

Vitis sicyoides var. ovata

authorship: (Lam.) Baker

Vitis sicyoides var. smilacina

authorship: (Kunth) Baker

Vitis sicyoides var. tamoides

authorship: (Cambess.) Baker

Vitis vitiginea var. canescens

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

Vitis vitiginea var. compressicaulis

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze

Vitis vitiginea var. cordifolia

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Vitis vitiginea var. elliptica

authorship: (Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze

Vitis vitiginea var. laciniata

authorship: (Baker) Kuntze

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BER BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TRT URU VEN VNA WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aedes nigripes
Ammophila nigricans
Andrena carlini
Atholus americanus
Bembix americana spinolae
Carceris robertsonii
Ceropales robinsonii robinsonii
Chlorostilbon lucidus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Anartia fatima fatima
Ascia monuste
Ascia monuste monuste
Bombias separatus
Chlorostilbon lucidus
Dryas iulia moderata
Heliconius

partners:
Ateles geoffroyi
Cebus albifrons
Cheracebus lucifer
Cuniculus paca
Dasyprocta fuliginosa
Desmia ufeus
Eira barbara
Enyo boisduvali


slug: cissus-woodrowii

scientific: Cissus woodrowii

authorship: (T.Cooke) Santapau

epithet: woodrowii

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

lifeform: shrub

authors: (Cooke) Santapau

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: cistanche-deserticola

scientific: Cistanche deserticola

authorship: Ma

genus: Cistanche

epithet: deserticola

family: Orobanchaceae

published_in: Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intericris Mongolicae 1(1): 63 (1960)

Cistanche deserticola var. flabellata

authorship: R.Cao & Q.Ma

codes: CHN CHI MON CHX

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Xinjiang

code: CHX

lifeform: holoparasitic perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 肉苁蓉 苁蓉

names: Цистанхе пустынное

names: Пустинно цистанхе

names: Цөлийн Аргамжинцэцэг

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

authors: Ma

published_in: Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intericris Mongolicae 2(1): 63

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cistanche-lutea

scientific: Cistanche lutea

authorship: (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link

epithet: lutea

Cistanche lutea var. violaceoides

authorship: Moreno Mor., Ó.Sánchez & Piwow.

Cistanche phelypaea subsp. lutea

authorship: (Desf.) Fern.Casas & M.Laínz

Cistanche tinctoria f. lutea

authorship: (Desf.) Beck

Orobanche lutea

authorship: (Desf.) Nyman

Phelypaea lutea

authorship: Desf.

codes: ALG MOR OMA SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Oman

code: OMA

Spain

code: SPA

region: Southwestern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 280 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link

published_in: Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 318, t. 319


slug: cistanche-phelypaea

scientific: Cistanche phelypaea

authorship: (L.) Cout.

epithet: phelypaea

preferred: Yellow broomrape

Cistanche allochroa

authorship: Chiov.

Cistanche brunneri

authorship: (Webb) Bég.

Cistanche hesperugo

authorship: (Webb) Beck

Cistanche lutea

authorship: Wight

Cistanche lutea f. minor

authorship: Bég.

Cistanche phelypaea var. transiens

authorship: Maire

Cistanche senegalensis

authorship: (Reut.) Beck

Cistanche tinctoria f. lusitanica

authorship: (J.A.Guim.) Beck

Cistanche tinctoria f. major

authorship: (Durieu ex Reut.) Beck

Cistanche tubulosa

authorship: (Schenk) Wight

Lathraea phelypaea

authorship: L.

Orobanche phelypaea

authorship: (L.) Wallr.

Phelypaea brunneri

authorship: Webb

Phelypaea lusitanica

authorship: Coss.

Phelypaea lutea var. major

authorship: Durieu ex Reut.

Phelypaea senegalensis

authorship: Reut.

Phelypaea tinctoria

authorship: Walp.

codes: ALG BEN CNY CVI CHA DJI EGY ERI ETH KEN LBY MLI MTN MOR MOZ NGR SEL SEN SOM SUD TAN TUN WSA CYP OMA YEM ITA KRI POR SPA

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

Libya

code: LBY

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Niger

code: NGR

Selvagens

code: SEL

Senegal

code: SEN

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 742 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: cistanche-salsa

scientific: Cistanche salsa

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Beck

epithet: salsa

Anblatum tartaricum

authorship: Fisch.

Cistanche ambigua

authorship: (Bunge) Beck

Cistanche eremodoxa

authorship: Bornm.

Cistanche jodostoma

authorship: Butkov & Vved.

Cistanche salsa var. albiflora

authorship: P.F.Tu & Z.C.Lou

Cistanche salsa var. longidens

authorship: Gilli

Orobanche rhizopus

authorship: Wallr. ex Ledeb.

Orobanche salsa

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Kuntze

Orobanche squamaria

authorship: Fisch. ex Ledeb.

Phelipaea ambigua

authorship: Bunge

Phelypaea incana

authorship: Payne

codes: AFG CHN CHI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ MON CHQ TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB CHX RUE RUS

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Mongolia

code: MON

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 盐生肉苁蓉 盐生肉苁蓉（草苁蓉）

names: Цистанхе солончаковая

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] iv. III b. 129


slug: cistanche-tubulosa

scientific: Cistanche tubulosa

authorship: (Schenk) Wight ex Hook.f.

epithet: tubulosa

Cistanche calotropidis

authorship: (Edgew.) Wight

Cistanche calotropidis var. tomentosa

authorship: (Hook.f.) Beck

Cistanche carnosa

authorship: Pax

Cistanche tinctoria

authorship: (Forssk.) Beck

Cistanche tubulosa subsp. palustris

authorship: S.Dutta, H.Rodrigues & Chakral

Cistanche tubulosa var. albiflora

authorship: (Gilli) Hadidy

Lathraea quinquefida

authorship: Forssk.

Orobanche calotropidis

authorship: Edgew.

Phelypaea insignis

authorship: (E.D.Clarke) Dumort.

Phelypaea tinctoria

authorship: (Forssk.) Brot.

Phelypaea tubulosa

authorship: Schenk

codes: CVI CHA DJI EGY ERI ETH KEN LBY MLI SOC SOM SUD TAN AFG GST IRN IRQ KAZ KUW LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN TKM YEM IND PAK

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Mali

code: MLI

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Kuwait

code: KUW

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 420 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1420 bis


slug: cistanche-violacea

scientific: Cistanche violacea

authorship: (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link

epithet: violacea

Cistanche hybrida

authorship: Beck

Orobanche phelypaea

authorship: Willd.

Orobanche violacea

authorship: (Desf.) Wallr.

Phelypaea violacea

authorship: Desf.

codes: ALG CHA LBY MTN MOR TUN WSA LBS PAL SAU SIN

Algeria

code: ALG

Chad

code: CHA

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

lifeform: holoparasite

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Цистанхе фиолетовая

names:
יחנוק המלחות
יחנוק סגול

published_in: Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 320

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cistanthe-celosioides

scientific: Cistanthe celosioides

authorship: (Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk.

genus: Cistanthe

epithet: celosioides

family: Montiaceae

Philippiamra celosioides

authorship: (Phil.) Kuntze

Philippiamra fastigiata

authorship: (Phil.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Philippiamra pachyphylla

authorship: Kuntze

Silvaea celosioides

authorship: Phil.

codes: CLN PER

Chile North

code: CLN

region: Southern South America

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 68(4): 269

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: cistanthe-cephalophora

scientific: Cistanthe cephalophora

authorship: (I.M.Johnst.) Carolin ex Hershk.

epithet: cephalophora

lifeform: annual

authors: (I.M.Johnst.) Carolin ex Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 70: 212


slug: cistanthe-cymosa

scientific: Cistanthe cymosa

authorship: (Phil.) Hershkovitz

epithet: cymosa

published_in: Phytologia 70: 213 1991

Cistanthe cymosa

authorship: (Phil.) Hershk.

authors: (Phil.) Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 70(3): 213


slug: cistanthe-grandiflora

scientific: Cistanthe grandiflora

authorship: (Lindl.) Schltdl.

epithet: grandiflora

Calandrinia discolor

authorship: Lindl.

authorship: Schrad.

Calandrinia glauca

authorship: Schrad. ex DC.

Calandrinia lindleyana

authorship: Walp.

Calandrinia speciosa

authorship: Lehm.

Cistanthe anceps

authorship: Spach

Cistanthe discolor

authorship: (Schrad.) D.I.Ford

Cistanthe glauca

authorship: Spach ex Heynh.

Cistanthe grandiflora

authorship: (Lindl.) Carolin ex Hershkovitz

Cistanthe speciosa

authorship: Lilja ex Heynh.

authorship: (Lehm.) D.I.Ford

Claytonia discolor

authorship: (Jacques) Kuntze

Claytonia grandiflora

authorship: (Lindl.) Kuntze

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 445 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Apis mellifera
Bombus sonorus
Bombus terrestris
Halictus tripartitus
Pieris rapae
Pyrobombus
Ruizantheda mutabilis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Halictus tripartitus

partners:
Andrena nigrocaerulea
Apis mellifera
Bombus californicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Colias eurytheme
Danaus plexippus
Eupeodes fumipennis
Eupeodes volucris

authors: (Lindl.) Schltdl.

published_in: Hort. Hal. 10


slug: cistanthe-laxiflora

scientific: Cistanthe laxiflora

authorship: (Phil.) Peralta & D.I.Ford

epithet: laxiflora

Calandrinia laxiflora

authorship: Phil.

Cistanthe laxiflora

authorship: (Phil.) D.I.Ford

lifeform: semisucculent perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 167 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Phil.) Peralta & D.I.Ford

published_in: Darwiniana 45(2): 240


slug: cistanthe-longiscapa

scientific: Cistanthe longiscapa

authorship: (Barnéoud) Carolin ex Hershk.

epithet: longiscapa

Calandrinia longiscapa

authorship: Barnéoud

Cistanthe longiscapa

authorship: (Barnéoud) Carolin ex Hershkovitz

Claytonia longiscapa

authorship: (Barnéoud) Kuntze

names: Каландриния длинностебельная

authors: (Barnéoud) Carolin ex Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 70(3): 215

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cistanthe-maritima

scientific: Cistanthe maritima

authorship: (Nutt.) Carolin ex M.A.Hershkovitz

epithet: maritima

preferred: seaside pussypaws

Calandrinia maritima

authorship: Nutt.

Claytonia maritima

authorship: (Nutt.) Kuntze

codes: CAL MXI MXN

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 374 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
seaside pussypaws
seaside calandrinia

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: (Nutt.) Carolin ex Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 68: 269

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cistanthe-monandra

scientific: Cistanthe monandra

authorship: (Nutt.) Hershk.

epithet: monandra

preferred: common pussypaws

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1271 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
common pussypaws
sandcress

partners:
Coccinella septempunctata
Nausigaster unimaculata
Vanessa cardui

authors: (Nutt.) Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 68(4): 267

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cistanthe-monosperma

scientific: Cistanthe monosperma

authorship: (Greene) Hershk.

epithet: monosperma

preferred: One-seeded Pussypaws

english:
One-seeded Pussypaws
oneseed pussypaws

source: inat

Calyptridium monospermum

authorship: Greene

Spraguea monosperma

authorship: (Greene) Rydb.

codes: CAL MXN NEV ORE

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena
Boloria epithore
Bombus vancouverensis nearcticus
Chlosyne palla
Gonia
Icaricia icarioides
Junonia grisea
Lasioglossum cembrilacus

partners:
Gyros muiri
Nemognatha scutellaris
Phyciodes montana
Phyciodes orseis herlani
Phyciodes tharos
Tharsalea nivalis

partners:
Boloria epithore
Burnsius communis
Heliothis phloxiphaga
Lycaena cupreus
Mitoura gryneus
Parnassius clodius
Speyeria hydaspe

authors: (Greene) Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 68: 267

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: cistanthe-parryi

scientific: Cistanthe parryi

authorship: (A.Gray) Hershk.

epithet: parryi

preferred: Parry's pussypaws

Calyptridium parryi subsp. nevadense

authorship: (J.T.Howell) Munz

Cistanthe parryi var. arizonica

authorship: (J.T.Howell) Kartesz & Gandhi

Cistanthe parryi var. hesseae

authorship: (Thomas) Kartesz & Gandhi

authors: (A.Gray) Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 68: 268

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cistanthe-picta

scientific: Cistanthe picta

authorship: (Gillies ex Arn.) Carolin ex Hershk.

epithet: picta

Calandrinia macrocalyx

authorship: Hauman

Calandrinia picta

authorship: Gillies ex Arn.

Calandrinia picta var. frigida

authorship: (Barnéoud) Reiche

Calandrinia picta var. portulacifolia

authorship: (Phil.) Hicken

Calandrinia portulacifolia

authorship: Phil.

Cistanthe frigida

authorship: (Barnéoud) Peralta

Cistanthe macrocalyx

authorship: (Hauman) Carolin ex Hershk.

Cistanthe oblongifolia

authorship: (Barnéoud) D.I.Ford

Cistanthe picta

authorship: (Gill. ex Arn.) Carolin ex Hershkovitz

codes: AGW CLC CLN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Arn.) Carolin ex Hershk.

published_in: Phytologia 70: 217

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: cistanthe-quadripetala

scientific: Cistanthe quadripetala

authorship: (S.Watson) Hershk.

epithet: quadripetala

preferred: fourpetal pussypaws

authors: (S.Watson) Hershk.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cistanthe-rosea

scientific: Cistanthe rosea

epithet: rosea

preferred: rosy pussypaws

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE UTA WYO

Idaho

code: IDA

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

names:
rosy pussypaws
rosy calyptridium

published_in: Phytologia 68(4): 268

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cistanthe-umbellata

scientific: Cistanthe umbellata

authorship: (Torr.) Hershk.

epithet: umbellata

preferred: Mt. Hood pussypaws

Calyptridium umbellatum

authorship: (Torr.) Greene

name: Calyptridium umbellatum var. caudiciferum

authorship: (A.Gray) Jeps.

Cistanthe umbellata var. caudicifera

authorship: (A.Gray) Kartesz & Gandhi

Spraguea umbellata

authorship: Torr.

codes: BRC CAL COL IDA MXN MNT NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Colorado

code: COL

Montana

code: MNT

Washington

code: WAS

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1739 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mt. Hood pussypaws
Mount Hood pussypaws

partners:
Boloria epithore
Parnassius clodius
Andrena buckelli
Andrena thaspii
Argynnis egleis egleis
Argynnis egleis oweni
Argynnis hesperis
Callophrys augustinus

authors: (Torr.) Hershk.


slug: cistus-albidus

scientific: Cistus albidus

authorship: L.

genus: Cistus

epithet: albidus

family: Cistaceae

Cistus albeerensis var. barcinonensis

authorship: Sennen

Cistus albereensis

authorship: Gaut. ex Rouy & Foucaud

Cistus albidus f. albus

authorship: (O.E.Warb.) Dans.

Cistus albidus f. typicus

authorship: Dans.

Cistus albidus var. anthyllidetorum

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

Cistus albidus var. microcarpus

authorship: Pau

Cistus vulgaris var. albidus

authorship: (L.) Steud.

Cistus vulgaris var. sessilifolius

authorship: Spach

codes: ALG MOR BAL COR FRA ITA POR SAR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Grey-leaved Cistus
grey-leaf cistus

names: Roselha-grande Roselha-maior

names: Ладанник беловатый

names: Ciste blanc, Ciste mâle à feuilles blanches, Ciste cotonneux

names:
Cisto a foglie sessili
Cisto biancastro

partners:
Andrena
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Oxythyrea funesta
Acmaeodera bipunctata
Acmaeodera cylindrica
Acmaeodera rubromaculata
Anaspis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Andrena
Oedemera flavipes
Oedemera barbara
Oedemera lurida
Oedemera nobilis
Osmia

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris lusitanicus
Callophrys avis
Deilus fugax
Dicladispa testacea
Iphiclides feisthamelii
Oedemera barbara
Oedemera flavipes

partners:
Andrena morio
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Cytinus ruber
Dasypoda pyrotrichia
Echinophilopterus protrusus
Icerya purchasi
Neotelphusa cisti


slug: cistus-atriplicifolius

scientific: Cistus atriplicifolius

authorship: Lam.

epithet: atriplicifolius

Halimium atriplicifolium

authorship: (Lam.) Spach

name: Halimium atriplicifolium subsp. serpentinicola

authorship: Rivas Goday & Rivas Mart.

Halimium atriplicifolium var. typicum

authorship: Maire

Helianthemum atriplicifolium

authorship: (Lam.) Willd.

name: Helianthemum atriplicifolium var. estremerae

Stegitris atriplicifolius

authorship: (Lam.) Raf.

codes: MOR SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 356 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(1): 19


slug: cistus-calycinus

scientific: Cistus calycinus

epithet: calycinus

Cistus calycinus f. luteus

authorship: (Sauvage) Demoly

Cistus commutatus

authorship: (Pau) Byng & Christenh.

Halimium atriplicifolium var. calycinum

authorship: (L.) Font Quer & Maire

Halimium calycinum

authorship: (L.) K.Koch

Halimium libanotis f. luteum

authorship: Sauvage

Halimium papillosum

authorship: Font Quer

Stegitris calicinus

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: MOR POR SPA

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1142 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Andrena
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena villipes
Anthaxia dimidiata
Attagenus
Bombus terrestris
Ceratina cyanea

partners:
Anthaxia hungarica
Anthaxia nigritula
Anthaxia parallela
Attalus limbatus
Capsodes sulcatus
Chamaesyrphus lusitanicus
Chrysanthia superba
Clanoptilus abdominalis

partners:
Attalus limbatus
Chamaesyrphus lusitanicus

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: L.

published_in: Mant. Pl. Altera 565