slug: polygala-ephedroides

scientific: Polygala ephedroides

authorship: Burch.

epithet: ephedroides

codes: CPP OFS NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

Namibia

code: NAM

value: 2 m

published_in: Trav. S. Africa i. 465

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: polygala-ericifolia

scientific: Polygala ericifolia

authorship: DC.

genus: Polygala

epithet: ericifolia

family: Polygalaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

Cape Provinces

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: subshrub

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 107 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: DC.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: polygala-erioptera

scientific: Polygala erioptera

epithet: erioptera

preferred: Woolly-winged milkwort

source: wikidata

Polygala erioptera subsp. petraea

authorship: (Chodat) Paiva

Polygala noucherensis

authorship: Cambess.

Polygala nubica

authorship: Hochst. ex Chodat

Polygala paulayana

authorship: Vierh.

Polygala petraea

authorship: Chodat

Polygala retusa

authorship: Hochst. ex Oliv.

codes: ANG BOT BKN BUR CMN CVI CHA ZAI DJI EGY ERI ETH GHA KEN MLW MLI MTN MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SOC SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM GST IRN OMA SAU SIN YEM BAN IND LDV MDV MYA PAK THA VIE WHM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Verde

code: CVI

region: Macaronesia

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Ghana

code: GHA

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Senegal

code: SEN

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-fallax

scientific: Polygala fallax

authorship: Hemsl. ex F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.

epithet: fallax

Polygala aureocauda

authorship: Dunn

codes: CHC CHS VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Vietnam

code: VIE

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: 黄花倒水莲 黄花远志

license: CC0 / per-source

value: tree

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 59


slug: polygala-fruticosa

scientific: Polygala fruticosa

epithet: fruticosa

Polygala borboniifolia

authorship: Burch. ex DC.

Polygala cordifolia

authorship: Thunb.

Polygala imbricata

authorship: Hayek

Polygala latifolia

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Polygala macrantha

authorship: Turcz.

Polygala oppositifolia

authorship: L.

Polygala oppositifolia var. latifolia

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Harv.

Polygala rhombifolia

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Polygala zeyheri

authorship: Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CPP SWZ NAT

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 762 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Feather Dusters
Heart-Leaved Polygala

names: Истод кустарниковый

names: ithethe tete

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Episyrphus balteatus
Eucera clypeata
Vespa crabro
Xylocopa
Xylocopa caffra
Xylocopa sonorina

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: shrub

value: 3 m

published_in: Descr. Pl. Cap. 183


slug: polygala-gazensis

scientific: Polygala gazensis

authorship: Baker f.

epithet: gazensis

codes: CPP NAT MOZ ZIM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Baker f.

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. xl. 24


slug: polygala-gerrardii

scientific: Polygala gerrardii

epithet: gerrardii

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 237 (1896)

codes: OFS NAT TVL

Free State

code: OFS

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: annual

authors: Chodat

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier iv. 237

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-gracilenta

scientific: Polygala gracilenta

authorship: Burtt Davy

epithet: gracilenta

published_in: Man. Pl. Transvaal 1: 48 (1926)

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL

Lesotho

code: LES

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Burtt Davy

published_in: Man. Pl. Transvaal [Burtt Davy] 1: 48, 133, 134

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-hispida

scientific: Polygala hispida

epithet: hispida

Polygala lanata

authorship: E.Mey. ex Meisn.

authors: Burch. ex DC.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-hongkongensis

scientific: Polygala hongkongensis

epithet: hongkongensis

name: Polygala hongkongensis var. hongkongensis

Polygala loureiroi

authorship: Gardner & Champ.

Polygala trichorachis

authorship: Migo

codes: CHC CHS CHX

Xinjiang

code: CHX

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 大金牛草 香港远志

authors: Hemsl. ex F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 60, t. 2. fig. 1-6 (1886); Chod. in Mem. Soc. Phys.Geneve, xxxi. n. 2 (1893) 350

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-hottentotta

scientific: Polygala hottentotta

epithet: hottentotta

published_in: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 445 (1845)

Polygala durbanensis

authorship: Chodat

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES MOZ NAM TVL ZIM

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 534 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
purple polygala
small purple broom

names: mBoboza mbobozan

published_in: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 5, 3: 445


slug: polygala-houtboshiana

scientific: Polygala houtboshiana

epithet: houtboshiana

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

published_in: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 400

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-japonica

scientific: Polygala japonica

authorship: Houtt.

epithet: japonica

Polygala coniicarpa

authorship: Hance

Polygala hondoensis

authorship: Nakai

Polygala luzoniensis

authorship: Merr.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KHA KOR CHM NNS PRM TAI CHT ASS LAO MOL MYA NWG PHI THA VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Primorye

code: PRM

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Laos

code: LAO

Maluku

code: MOL

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 436 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 瓜子金 紫花地丁

names: Истод японский

label: Life form


slug: polygala-javana

scientific: Polygala javana

authorship: DC.

epithet: javana

Polygala raoi

authorship: R.N.Banerjee & L.K.Banerjee

codes: IND JAW LSI SRL

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

climate: seasonally dry tropical


slug: polygala-karensium

scientific: Polygala karensium

authorship: Kurz

epithet: karensium

published_in: J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: 392 (1872)

Chamaebuxus karensium

authorship: (Kurz) Kurz

Polygala caterviflora

authorship: Craib

Polygala congesta

authorship: Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Polygala luteoalba

authorship: Gagnep.

Polygala tricornis var. obcordata

authorship: C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen

codes: CHC CHS CHT ASS EHM LAO MYA THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Vietnam

code: VIE

names: 密花远志 多花远志

authors: Kurz

published_in: J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41(4): 292


slug: polygala-langebergensis

scientific: Polygala langebergensis

authorship: Levyns

epithet: langebergensis

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

value: subshrub

authors: Levyns

published_in: J. S. African Bot. xxi. 39 (1955)


slug: polygala-lasiosepala

scientific: Polygala lasiosepala

epithet: lasiosepala

codes: CPP NAM

Namibia

code: NAM

climate: desert or dry shrubland

published_in: J. S. African Bot. xxi. 21 (1955)


slug: polygala-leendertziae

scientific: Polygala leendertziae

authorship: Burtt Davy

epithet: leendertziae

codes: SWZ OFS NAT TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

value: 1 m

published_in: Man. Pl. Transvaal [Burtt Davy] 1: 48, 133, 135

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-lehmanniana

scientific: Polygala lehmanniana

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

epithet: lehmanniana

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. : 23 (1835)

Polygala carmichaelii

authorship: Harv.

authors: Eckl. & Zeyh.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 1: 23


slug: polygala-magdalenae

scientific: Polygala magdalenae

authorship: Brandegee

epithet: magdalenae

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 182 (1911)

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Brandegee

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 182

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-major

scientific: Polygala major

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: major

Polygala amoenissima

authorship: Tamamsch.

Polygala grandis

authorship: Pall.

Polygala magna

authorship: Georgi

Polygala moldavica

authorship: Kotov

Polygala neglecta

authorship: Kern.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BUL CZE GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1583 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Pararge petropolitana
Pyrgus malvae
Zygaena filipendulae

partners:
Agapostemon nasutus
Ancyloscelis apiformis
Augochlora nigrocyanea
Augochlora quiriguensis
Centris rhodoprocta
Centris trigonoides
Ceratina
Ceratina mexicana

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Chorthippus biguttulus
Hypercallia citrinalis
Ovis aries
Pempelia dilutella

value: hemicryptophyte


slug: polygala-meridionalis

scientific: Polygala meridionalis

epithet: meridionalis

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

published_in: J. S. African Bot. xxi. 37 (1955)


slug: polygala-microlopha

scientific: Polygala microlopha

authorship: Burch. ex DC.

epithet: microlopha

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-microphylla

scientific: Polygala microphylla

authorship: L.

epithet: microphylla

Brachytropis microphylla

authorship: Willk.

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 504 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: L.


slug: polygala-monspeliaca

scientific: Polygala monspeliaca

epithet: monspeliaca

Polygala glumacea

authorship: Sm.

Tricholophus monspeliacus

authorship: (L.) Spach

codes: ALG MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Kriti

code: KRI

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 339 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Polygale de Montpellier, Polygala de Montpellier


slug: polygala-myrtifolia

scientific: Polygala myrtifolia

epithet: myrtifolia

preferred: myrtle-leaf milkwort

Polygala amoena

authorship: Thunb.

Polygala ligularis

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Polygala linkiana

authorship: Sweet

Polygala pinifolia

authorship: Poir.

Psychanthus myrtifolius

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
myrtle-leaf milkwort
butterfly-bush

names:
Polygala à feuilles de Myrte
Polygale à feuilles de Myrte

partners:
Anthene definita definita
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Diaea viridipes
Diaphorina petteyi
Oxythyrea marginalis
Vanessa cardui
Xylocopa flavicollis

partners:
Gonepteryx cleopatra
Selasphorus sasin
Xylocopa sonorina
Xylocopa tabaniformis
Xylocopa tabaniformis orpifex

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: phanerophyte

value: 4 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: capsule


slug: polygala-nematocaulis

scientific: Polygala nematocaulis

authorship: Levyns

epithet: nematocaulis

published_in: J. S. African Bot. xxi. 49 (1955)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: polygala-nicaeensis

scientific: Polygala nicaeensis

authorship: Risso ex W.D.J.Koch

epithet: nicaeensis

Polygala caesalpini

authorship: Bubani

Polygala coursiereana

authorship: Pomel

Polygala gariodiana

authorship: Jord. & Fourr. ex Verl.

Polygala hispanica

authorship: Sennen

Polygala mediterranea

authorship: (Chodat) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Polygala nicaeensis subsp. forojulensis

authorship: (A.Kern.) Graebn.

Polygala thuringiaca

authorship: Spreng.

Polygala vulgaris subsp. mediterranea

authorship: (Chodat) O.Bolòs & Vigo

codes: ALG MOR TUN EAI ALB BLR BUL RUC COR RUE FRA GRC ITA KRY YUG RUS SPA UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Albania

code: ALB

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

South European Russia

code: RUS

Spain

code: SPA

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 503 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Polygale de Nice
Polygale de Nice, Polygala de Nice

partners:
Zygaena filipendulae
Anthophora plumipes
Pararge petropolitana
Pyrgus malvae

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: polygala-ohlendorfiana

scientific: Polygala ohlendorfiana

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

epithet: ohlendorfiana

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. : 22 (1835)

codes: CPP SWZ OFS KEN NAT LES MLW MOZ TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 1: 22

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: polygala-peduncularis

scientific: Polygala peduncularis

authorship: Burch. ex DC.

epithet: peduncularis

Polygala intermedia

authorship: DC.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-producta

scientific: Polygala producta

epithet: producta

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 142 (1895)

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MOZ TVL ZIM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: variable

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: polygala-pubiflora

scientific: Polygala pubiflora

epithet: pubiflora

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 95 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: polygala-pungens

scientific: Polygala pungens

authorship: Burch.

epithet: pungens

codes: CPP OFS

authors: Burch.

published_in: Trav. S. Africa i. 304


slug: polygala-recognita

scientific: Polygala recognita

authorship: Chodat

epithet: recognita

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 428


slug: polygala-refracta

scientific: Polygala refracta

epithet: refracta

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-rehmannii

scientific: Polygala rehmannii

epithet: rehmannii

codes: OFS NAT TVL ZIM

names:
Violet Falspea
Wild Violet

published_in: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 362

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-rupestris

scientific: Polygala rupestris

authorship: Pourr.

epithet: rupestris

published_in: Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 325 (1788)

Isolophus saxatilis

authorship: Spach

Polygala juniperina

authorship: Cav.

Polygala rupestris subsp. tunetanum

authorship: Murb.

Polygala saxatilis

authorship: Desf.

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL FRA SAR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

France

code: FRA

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 469 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Истод скальный

names:
Polygala des rochers
Polygale des rochers

value: chamaephyte

authors: Pourr.

published_in: Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse iii. (1788) 325


slug: polygala-sekhukhuniensis

scientific: Polygala sekhukhuniensis

authorship: Retief, S.J.Siebert & A.E.van Wyk

epithet: sekhukhuniensis

authors: Retief, S.J.Siebert & A.E.van Wyk


slug: polygala-senega

scientific: Polygala senega

authorship: L.

epithet: senega

preferred: Seneca snakeroot

Polygala albida

authorship: Steud.

Polygala lonchophylla

authorship: Greene

codes: ALA ABT ARK BRC CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NEB NBR NWJ NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1969 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Saponins

activities:
Antihepatomic
Antimutagenic
Antitumor (Lung)
Antitumor (Ovary)
Immunomodulator

Methyl-salicylate

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anaphrodisiac Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antipyretic Antiradicular Antirheumatalgic

Ferulic-acid

activities:
Allelopathic
Analgesic
Antiaggregant
Antiallergic
Antiarrhythmic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Colon)
Anticancer (Forestomach)

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

P-coumaric-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antifertility Antihepatotoxic Antileukemic Antinitrosaminic

P-methoxy-cinnamic-acid

activities: Antipyretic Fungicide Hemolytic Hypoglycemic Pesticide

Sinapic-acid

activities: Antibacterial Antihepatotoxic Antioxidant Antiperoxynitrite Cancer-Preventive Fungicide Pesticide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.


slug: polygala-senensis

scientific: Polygala senensis

authorship: Klotzsch

epithet: senensis

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(1): 113 (1861)

Polygala matteiana

authorship: Pamp.

Polygala rogersiana

authorship: Baker f.

codes: SWZ KEN NAT MOZ TVL SOM TAN ZIM KUW OMA SAU YEM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Kuwait

code: KUW

region: Arabian Peninsula

Oman

code: OMA

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

lifeform: annual or perennial

authors: Klotzsch

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot., 1): 113


slug: polygala-serpentaria

scientific: Polygala serpentaria

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

epithet: serpentaria

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. : 24 (1835)

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 1: 24


slug: polygala-serpyllifolia

scientific: Polygala serpyllifolia

authorship: Hosé

epithet: serpyllifolia

Polygala depressa

authorship: Wender.

Polygala liorani

authorship: Jord. ex Lamotte

Polygala mutabilis

authorship: Dumort.

Polygala serpyllacea

authorship: Weihe

codes: AZO AUT BGM COR CZE DEN FRA FOR GER GRB IRE ITA YUG NET NOR POR SPA SWI GNL

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Austria

code: AUT

Belgium

code: BGM

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

Føroyar

code: FOR

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Norway

code: NOR

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Greenland

code: GNL

region: Subarctic America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 458 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
polygala à feuilles de serpolet
Polygala à feuilles de serpollet

names: hedjungfrulin nummilinnunruoho

names: heiblåfjær heiblåfjør

names:
Amlaethai
Amlaethai'r Waun

partners:
Pararge petropolitana
Pyrgus malvae

partners:
Bombus lucorum
Pararge petropolitana
Pyrgus malvae

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris


slug: polygala-sibirica

scientific: Polygala sibirica

epithet: sibirica

Polygala barthiana

authorship: Fuss

Polygala hakobii

authorship: (Tamamsch.) Nevski

Polygala japonica f. ovatifolia

authorship: Chodat

Polygala japonica var. angustifolia

authorship: Koidz.

Polygala macropetala

authorship: Hassk.

Polygala monopetala

authorship: Cambess.

Polygala sibirica f. ciliata

authorship: Tamamsch.

Polygala sibirica var. japonica

authorship: (Houtt.) Ito

Polygala sibirica var. monopetala

authorship: (Cambess.) Chodat

codes: AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRK JAP KAZ KHA KOR KRA CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ CHT TCS TVA WSB YAK ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP PAK VIE WHM BUL RUC RUE ROM RUS UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 810 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Истод сибирский

names: Китятки сибірські

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-sphenoptera

scientific: Polygala sphenoptera

authorship: Fresen.

epithet: sphenoptera

published_in: Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 274 (1837)

Polygala fischeri

authorship: Gürke

Polygala persicariaefolia

authorship: sensu Eyles non DC.

Polygala quartiniana

authorship: Quart.-Dill. ex A.Rich.

codes: ANG BOT ZAI ERI SWZ ETH KEN NAT MLW MOZ TVL RWA SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: polygala-tatarinowii

scientific: Polygala tatarinowii

authorship: Regel

epithet: tatarinowii

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 523 (1862)

Heterosamara tatarinowii

authorship: (Regel) Paiva

Polygala sieboldiana

authorship: Miq.

Polygala triphylla

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KOR CHM PRM CHQ TAI CHT CHX ASS EHM IND MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI VIE WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 小扁豆根 小扁豆

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(1): 523

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-tenuifolia

scientific: Polygala tenuifolia

authorship: Willd.

epithet: tenuifolia

Polygala sibirica var. angustifolia

authorship: Ledeb.

Polygala sibirica var. tenuifolia

authorship: (Willd.) Backer & Moore

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK KHA KOR KRA CHM MON PRM CHQ TVA WSB

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 296 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Beta-amyrin

activities: Analgesic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiulcer Gastroprotective Hepatoprotective Larvicide

names:
Chinese senega-root
Thin-leaf milkwort

names: 小扁豆根 小草

value: perennial

label: Flowering months


slug: polygala-teretifolia

scientific: Polygala teretifolia

epithet: teretifolia

Polygala empetrifolia

authorship: Houtt.

codes: CPP MOZ NAM ZIM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Donkey Falsepea
Needle Butterflybush

names: Bothasblombos Bothaseblombossie

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 316

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-transvaalensis

scientific: Polygala transvaalensis

authorship: Chodat

epithet: transvaalensis

Polygala abbreviata

authorship: Markötter

Polygala kagerensis

authorship: Lebrun & Taton

codes: CPP SWZ OFS KEN NAT LES TVL RWA TAN UGA ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 107 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 374

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-triflora

scientific: Polygala triflora

authorship: L.

epithet: triflora

Polygala aurata var. macrostachya

authorship: Gagnep.

Polygala kleinii

authorship: Hassk.

codes: CHH ASS BOR CBD IND LAO MOL MYA NWG PHI SRL SUL SUM THA WHM NSW NTA QLD SOA

Hainan

code: CHH

Assam

code: ASS

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

West Himalaya

code: WHM

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

authors: Oliv.

published_in: Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 1: 128

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-triquetra-a-chev

scientific: Polygala triquetra

epithet: triquetra

Polygala steudeliana

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58(Mém. 8d): 138

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-triquetra-c-presl

published_in: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 445 (1845)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

published_in: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 5, 3: 445


slug: polygala-umbellata

scientific: Polygala umbellata

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: umbellata

Polygala ciliatifolia

authorship: Turcz.

Polygala ciliolata

authorship: Harv.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120


slug: polygala-uncinata

scientific: Polygala uncinata

authorship: E.Mey. ex Meisn.

epithet: uncinata

Polygala hamata

authorship: Burtt Davy

Polygala rehmannii var. latipetala

authorship: Norl.

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES MOZ NAM TVL ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 152 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: E.Mey. ex Meisn.

published_in: London J. Bot. 1: 468


slug: polygala-venulosa

scientific: Polygala venulosa

authorship: Sm.

epithet: venulosa

codes: CYP EAI TUR GRC KRI

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Истод жилковатый

names: Πολύγαλα του βουνού

authors: Sm.

published_in: Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2(1): 52

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-virgata

scientific: Polygala virgata

epithet: virgata

Polygala genistoides

authorship: Poir.

Polygala spartioides

authorship: Burch. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.

codes: CPP ZAI SWZ OFS NAT LES MLW MOZ NAM TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Malawi

code: MLW

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Broom Falsepea
Broom milkwort

names: 多枝远志 帚遠志

names: Истод лозный

names:
Bec zozo marron
Bégolia

names: Bloukappie persboom

partners:
Cosmocomoidea novifasciatus
Megachile cradockensis
Megachile fulva
Megachile karooensis
Megachile murina
Mesopolobus superansi
Plesianthidium cariniventre
Xylocopa caffra

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: polygala-vulgaris

scientific: Polygala vulgaris

epithet: vulgaris

preferred: Common Milkwort

english:
Common Milkwort
common milkwort

Polygala angustifolia

authorship: Gilib.

Polygala aquitanica

authorship: Clavaud

Polygala babingtonii

authorship: Druce

Polygala ballii

authorship: Nyman

Polygala basaltica

authorship: Lamotte

Polygala coerulea

authorship: Miégev. ex Rchb.

Polygala dubia

authorship: Dumort.

Polygala insubrica

authorship: Gremli.

Polygala lensei

authorship: Boreau

Polygala michaletii

authorship: Gren.

Polygala moriana

authorship: Brittinger

Polygala oberthueri

authorship: Sennen

Polygala oxyptera

authorship: Rchb.

Polygala reticulata

authorship: C.Presl & J.Presl

Polygala spuria

authorship: Steven ex Ledeb.

Polygala stojanovii

authorship: Stef.

Polygala transsilvanica

authorship: Schur

Polygala vaillantii

authorship: Besser

Polygala verviana

authorship: Lej.

Polygala vulgaris subsp. oxyptera

authorship: Lange

authorship: (Rchb.) Schübl. & G.Martens

codes: TUR ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Føroyar

code: FOR

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Hungary

code: HUN

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gemeine Kreuzblume
Gewöhnliches Kreuzblümchen

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pratorum
Osmia bicolor
Andrena flavipes
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Bombus pratorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Osmia bicolor
Bombus
Bombus lucorum
Callophrys rubi
Euphydryas aurinia

partners:
Liriomyza polygalae
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: polygala-wilmsii

scientific: Polygala wilmsii

authorship: Chodat

epithet: wilmsii

codes: SWZ OFS NAT MOZ TVL ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

authors: Chodat

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygala-wittebergensis

scientific: Polygala wittebergensis

authorship: Compton

epithet: wittebergensis

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 298 (1931)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

authors: Compton

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 298

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: polygala-xanti

scientific: Polygala xanti

epithet: xanti

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 153 (1861)

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts v. (1861) 153

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: polygaloides-balansae

scientific: Polygaloides balansae

authorship: (Coss.) O.Schwarz

genus: Polygaloides

epithet: balansae

published_in: Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 107 (1949)

Chamaebuxus balansae

authorship: (Coss.) Stapf

Polygala balansae

authorship: Coss.

codes: MOR SPA

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Coss.) O.Schwarz

published_in: Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. i. 107 (1949)


slug: polygaloides-chamaebuxus

scientific: Polygaloides chamaebuxus

authorship: (L.) O.Schwarz

epithet: chamaebuxus

Chamaebuxus alpestris

authorship: Spach

Chamaebuxus coriacea

authorship: Opiz

Polygala chamaebuxus

authorship: L.

Tertria chamaebuxus

authorship: (L.) Schrank

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2035 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Faux polygale petit buis, Polygale petit buis, Faux Buis

partners:
Bombus
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus soroeensis
Bombus wurflenii

value: Feb-Jun

authors: (L.) O.Schwarz


slug: polygaloides-paucifolia

scientific: Polygaloides paucifolia

authorship: (Willd.) J.R.Abbott

epithet: paucifolia

published_in: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 134 (2011)

preferred: fringed polygala

english:
fringed polygala
gaywings

source: inat

Polygala commutata

authorship: Sweet

Polygala paucifolia

authorship: Willd.

Polygala uniflora

authorship: Michx.

Trichlisperma grandiflorum

authorship: Raf.

Trichlisperma paucifolium

authorship: Nieuwl.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2005 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Fringed Milkwort
Bird-on-the-wing

partners:
Ancistrocerus
Bombus borealis
Bombus impatiens
Pyrobombus

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners: Ancistrocerus Pyrobombus

authors: (Willd.) J.R.Abbott

published_in: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(1): 134

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: polygonatum-arisanense

scientific: Polygonatum arisanense

authorship: Hayata

genus: Polygonatum

epithet: arisanense

family: Asparagaceae

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 140 (1920)

Polygonatum formosanum

authorship: (Hayata) Masam. & Shimada

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 415 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 阿里黄精 萎蕤

value: geophyte

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 140


slug: polygonatum-biflorum

scientific: Polygonatum biflorum

authorship: (Walter) Elliott

epithet: biflorum

published_in: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 393 (1817)

preferred: smooth Solomon's seal

Convallaria angustifolia

authorship: (Pursh) Poir.

Convallaria biflora

authorship: Walter

Convallaria commutata

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Convallaria gigantea

authorship: hort. ex Kunth

Polygonatum angustifolium

authorship: Pursh

Polygonatum biflorum f. ramosum

authorship: (McGivney) Fernald

name: Polygonatum biflorum subvar. ellipsoidale

authorship: Farw.

Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Morong

Polygonatum biflorum var. giganteum

authorship: (A.Dietr.) Alph.Wood

Polygonatum biflorum var. melleum

authorship: (Farw.) R.P.Ownbey

Polygonatum biflorum var. virginicum

authorship: (Greene) Farw.

Polygonatum canaliculatum

authorship: Miq.

authorship: (Willd.) Pursh

Polygonatum canaliculatum f. foliatum

authorship: (H.M.Clarke) J.W.Moore

Polygonatum canaliculatum f. ramosum

authorship: (McGivney) Clute

name: Polygonatum canaliculatum subvar. ellipticum

name: Polygonatum canaliculatum var. americanum

authorship: (Hook.) Farw.

name: Polygonatum canaliculatum var. giganteum

authorship: (A.Dietr.) Miq.

authorship: (A.Dietr.) Farw.

name: Polygonatum canaliculatum var. oblongifolium

Polygonatum canaliculatum var. ovatum

authorship: (Farw.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.

name: Polygonatum canaliculatum var. rotundifolium

Polygonatum cobrense

authorship: (Wooton & Standl.) R.R.Gates

Polygonatum commutatum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) A.Dietr.

Polygonatum commutatum f. ramosum

authorship: McGivney

name: Polygonatum commutatum var. lineamentosum

authorship: Lunell

Polygonatum commutatum var. ovatum

authorship: (Farw.) R.R.Gates

Polygonatum commutatum var. virginicum

authorship: (Greene) R.R.Gates

Polygonatum hebetifolium

authorship: (R.R.Gates) Bush

Polygonatum latifolium var. commutatum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Baker

Polygonatum multiflorum var. americanum

authorship: Hook.

Polygonatum multiflorum var. biflorum

authorship: (Walter) Alph.Wood

name: Polygonatum multiflorum var. canaliculatum

authorship: (Willd.) Alph.Wood

Polygonatum ovatum

authorship: (Farw.) Bush

Polygonatum virginicum

authorship: Greene

Salomonia biflora

authorship: (Walter) Britton

Salomonia cobrensis

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

Salomonia commutata

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Britton

Salomonia commutatum

authorship: (Schult.f.) Farw.

Sigillaria angustifolia

authorship: (Pursh) Raf.

Sigillaria biflora

authorship: (Walter) Raf.

Sigillaria canaliculata

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

codes: ALA ARI ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXE MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
smooth Solomon's seal
American Solomon's-seal

names:
sceau-de-Salomon biflore
sceau-de-Salomon à deux fleurs

partners:
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena pruni
Apoidea
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus bimaculatus
Bracon simplex
Calleida punctata
Cheilosia hoodiana

partners:
Bombus
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus humilis
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pratorum

partners:
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus
Microhyus setiger
Nopalityna sublata

partners:
Bombus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Cardinalis cardinalis
Pyrobombus

published_in: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 1: 393


slug: polygonatum-falcatum

scientific: Polygonatum falcatum

epithet: falcatum

name: Polygonatum canaliculatum var. sublanceolatum

authorship: Miq.

Polygonatum falcatum f. robustum

authorship: Makino

Polygonatum falcatum var. tenuiflorum

authorship: (Koidz.) Ohwi

Polygonatum giganteum var. falcatum

authorship: (A.Gray) Maxim.

Polygonatum stenanthum

authorship: Nakai

Polygonatum tenuiflorum

authorship: Koidz.

codes: JAP KOR NNS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 镰叶黄精 日本黃精

names: Купена серповидная

names: ナルコユリ 鳴子百合

published_in: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 6(2): 414


slug: polygonatum-glaberrimum

scientific: Polygonatum glaberrimum

epithet: glaberrimum

Polygonatum mischtschenkoanum

authorship: Greuter

Polygonatum odoratum subsp. glaberrimum

authorship: (K.Koch) Elenevsky & Zernov

Polygonatum ovatum

authorship: Miscz. ex Tamanian

Polygonatum pruinosum

authorship: Boiss.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Купена гладкая

value: May-Jun


slug: polygonatum-hookeri

scientific: Polygonatum hookeri

authorship: Baker

epithet: hookeri

Polygonatum pumilum

authorship: Hua

codes: CHN CHC CHQ CHT EHM NEP WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names: 独花黄精 獨花黃精

names: Купена Хукера

authors: Baker

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 558

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygonatum-humile

scientific: Polygonatum humile

authorship: Fisch. ex Maxim.

epithet: humile

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 275 (1859)

preferred: dwarf solomon's seal

Polygonatum humile var. humillimum

authorship: (Nakai) Y.N.Lee

Polygonatum officinale var. humile

authorship: (Fisch. ex Maxim.) Baker

codes: AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI JAP KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR CHM MON PRM SAK WSB YAK

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 555 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dwarf solomon's seal
Dwarf solomon’s seal

names:
小玉竹
xiao yu zhu

names: Купена низкая


slug: polygonatum-involucratum

scientific: Polygonatum involucratum

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim.

epithet: involucratum

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 29: 205 (1883)

Periballanthus involucratus

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Polygonatum ibukiense

authorship: (Makino) Makino

name: Polygonatum periballanthus var. ibukiense

Polygonatum platyphyllum

authorship: Franch.

codes: AMU CHN CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 山桂花 二苞黄精

names:
Купена обертковая
Купена обёртковая

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xxix. (1883) 205

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygonatum-lasianthum

scientific: Polygonatum lasianthum

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: lasianthum

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 29: 209 (1883)

Polygonatum taqueti

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

codes: JAP KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus ardens
Bombus beaticola
Bombus consobrinus
Bombus honshuensis
Lasioglossum problematicum
Unidentified sp45 M_PL_056
Unidentified sp74 M_PL_056

partners:
Bombus ardens
Bombus honshuensis
Lasioglossum problematicum

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xxix. (1883) 209


slug: polygonatum-latifolium

scientific: Polygonatum latifolium

authorship: (Jacq.) Desf.

epithet: latifolium

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 50 (1807)

Convallaria hirta

authorship: Bosc ex Poir.

Convallaria latifolia

authorship: Jacq.

Convallaria thunbergii

authorship: Steud.

Polygonatum hirtum

authorship: (Bosc ex Poir.) Pursh

Polygonatum latifolium f. variegatum

authorship: Cheshm. & Delip.

Polygonatum skorpili

authorship: Velen.

Sigillaria hirta

authorship: (Bosc ex Poir.) Raf.

codes: TUR ALB AUT BUL RUC CZE GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM RUS TUE UKR

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Apr-May


slug: polygonatum-multiflorum

scientific: Polygonatum multiflorum

authorship: (L.) All.

epithet: multiflorum

preferred: Common Solomon’s-seal

english:
Common Solomon’s-seal
David’s-harp
Eurasian Solomon's seal
Eurasian Solomon’s Seal
Ladder-to-heaven
Solomon's Seal
Solomon's seal

Convallaria ambigua

authorship: Schrank

Convallaria govaniana

authorship: Wall.

Convallaria multiflora

authorship: L.

Convallaria multiflora var. ambigua

authorship: Des Moul.

Convallaria multiflora var. bracteata

authorship: Gaudin

Convallaria multiflora var. ramosa

authorship: Döll

Polygonatum ambiguum

authorship: (Des Moul.) B.D.Jacks.

Polygonatum bracteatum

authorship: (Gaudin) G.Don

Polygonatum intermedium

authorship: Dumort.

Polygonatum multiflorum f. bracteatum

authorship: (E.Thomas ex Gaudin) Fernald & S.K.Harris

Polygonatum multiflorum f. ramosum

authorship: (Döll) Fernald & S.K.Harris

name: Polygonatum multiflorum subsp. bracteatum

authorship: (B.Thomas) K.Richt.

Polygonatum multiflorum subsp. broteroi

authorship: (Guss.) K.Richt.

Polygonatum multiflorum var. bracteatum

authorship: (B.Thomas) Kunth

Polygonatum multiflorum var. latifolium

authorship: Kunth

Polygonatum multiflorum var. ramosum

authorship: (Döll) Geisenh.

Polygonatum salomonis

authorship: Friche-Joset & Montandon

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Netherlands

code: NET

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1927 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: عقداء عديدة الأزهار

names: Купена многоцветковая

names:
Vielblütige Weißwurz
Vielblütiges Salomonssiegel

names:
sceau de salomon commun
Sceau de Salomon multiflore

names:
gewone salomonszegel
Veelbloemige salomonszegel

names: Купина багатоквіткова

partners:
Apoidea
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Lasioglossum podolicum
Self pollinated

partners:
Bombus lucorum
Apoidea
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus terrestris
Lasioglossum podolicum

partners:
Phymatocera aterrima
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus

partners:
Aureobasidium microstictum
Phyllosticta cruenta


slug: polygonatum-odoratum

scientific: Polygonatum odoratum

authorship: (Mill.) Druce

epithet: odoratum

preferred: Angular Solomon's Seal

english:
Angular Solomon's Seal
Scented Solomon’s-seal

Convallaria angulosa

authorship: Lam.

Convallaria broteri

authorship: Guss.

Convallaria compressa

authorship: Steud.

Convallaria obtusifolia

authorship: Günther ex Steud.

Convallaria odorata

authorship: Mill.

Convallaria parviflora

authorship: Poir.

Convallaria polygonatum f. attenuata

authorship: Borbás

Convallaria rupestris

authorship: Salisb.

Evallaria polygonata

authorship: (L.) Neck.

Polygonatum ambiguum

authorship: Link ex Schult.f.

Polygonatum anceps

authorship: Moench

Polygonatum angulosum

authorship: Bubani

Polygonatum giganteum var. thunbergii

authorship: (C.Morren & Decne.) Maxim.

Polygonatum gussonei

authorship: Parl.

Polygonatum hondoense

authorship: Nakai ex Koidz.

Polygonatum japonicum

authorship: C.Morren & Decne.

Polygonatum japonicum var. variegatum

authorship: Nakai

Polygonatum langyaense

authorship: D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao

Polygonatum obtusifolium

authorship: Weinm.

Polygonatum odoratum f. attenuatum

authorship: (Borbás) Soó

Polygonatum odoratum f. variegatum

authorship: Y.N.Lee ex F.M.Vázquez & S.Ramos

Polygonatum odoratum var. ambiguum

authorship: (Link) J.F.Macbr.

Polygonatum odoratum var. japonicum

authorship: (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara

Polygonatum odoratum var. macranthum

authorship: (Hook.f.) H.Hara

Polygonatum odoratum var. quelpaertense

authorship: (Ohwi) H.Hara

Polygonatum odoratum var. triploideum

authorship: Ameljcz. & Malachova

Polygonatum officinale

authorship: All.

Polygonatum officinale var. ambiguum

authorship: (Link ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman

Polygonatum officinale var. macranthum

authorship: (Hook.f.) Hua

Polygonatum officinale var. papillosum

authorship: Franch.

Polygonatum officinale var. pluriflorum

authorship: Miq.

Polygonatum planifilum

authorship: Kitag. & Hir.Takah.

Polygonatum polygonatum

authorship: Jiraselk ex Schult. & Schult.f.

authorship: (L.) Voss

Polygonatum quelpaertense

authorship: Ohwi

Polygonatum sigillum

authorship: Druce

Polygonatum simizui

authorship: Kitag.

Polygonatum uniflorum

authorship: Gilib.

Polygonatum vulgare

authorship: Desf.

Polygonatum vulgare var. japonicum

authorship: (C.Morren & Decne.) Franch. & Sav.

codes: MOR ALT AMU BRY CHN CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ SAK TVA WSB YAK ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1983 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 玉竹 丟竹（萎蕤、$玉竹）

names:
Купена аптечная
Купена душистая

names: アマドコロ アマドコロ（甘野老）

names:
sceau de salomon odorant
Polygonate officinal

names:
Kokulu mührüsüleyman
kokulu mührü süleyman

names: پلیگناتوم ادراتوم

names:
Купина лікарська
Купина запашна (Купина лікарська)

partners:
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus mixtus
Bombus terrestris
Lasioglossum podolicum

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris


slug: polygonatum-orientale

scientific: Polygonatum orientale

epithet: orientale

Convallaria orientalis

authorship: (Desf.) Poir.

Polygonatum cilicicum

authorship: Schott ex Kotschy

Polygonatum obtusifolium

authorship: Miscz. ex Grossh.

Polygonatum polyanthemum

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Link

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR KRY

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Krym

code: KRY

names: Купена восточная

value: non-woody

authors: Desf.

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. ix. (1807) 50. t. 7


slug: polygonatum-pubescens

scientific: Polygonatum pubescens

authorship: (Willd.) Pursh

epithet: pubescens

preferred: hairy Solomon's seal

Convallaria pubescens

authorship: Willd.

Polygonatum boreale

authorship: Greene

Polygonatum boreale var. australe

authorship: Farw.

Polygonatum farwellii

authorship: Bush

Polygonatum multiflorum var. pubescens

authorship: (Willd.) Alph.Wood

Polygonatum pubescens f. cuneatum

authorship: (Greene) Vict.

Polygonatum pubescens f. fultius

authorship: Fernald & S.K.Harris

Polygonatum pubescens subvar. australe

authorship: (Farw.) Farw.

Polygonatum pubescens var. australe

authorship: (Farw.) R.R.Gates

Polygonatum pubescens var. boreale

authorship: (Greene) Farw.

Sigillaria pubescens

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

names:
hairy Solomon's seal
downy Solomon's-seal

names: 柔毛黃精(玉竹果) 柔毛黄精(玉竹果)

names:
sceau-de-Salomon pubescent
sceau-de-Salomon à deux fleurs

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Erynnis juvenalis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Bombus vagans

partners:
Acerophagus gutierreziae
Chartocerus dactylopii
Encarsia
Eretmocerus
Marietta

partners:
Quercus agrifolia
Agave underwoodii
Bishop Pine
Fagus
indet
indet.
Nyssa sylvatica
Pinus


slug: polygonatum-punctatum

scientific: Polygonatum punctatum

authorship: Royle ex Kunth

epithet: punctatum

Convallaria punctata

authorship: Wall.

codes: CHC CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP THA

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Thailand

code: THA

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte or epiphyte

names: 树刁 点花黄精

authors: Royle

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 380

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: polygonatum-roseum

scientific: Polygonatum roseum

authorship: (Ledeb.) Kunth

epithet: roseum

Convallaria rosea

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: ALT KAZ KGZ TZK UZB CHX

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

names: 新疆黄精 紫花黄精（新疆黄精）

authors: Kunth


slug: polygonatum-verticillatum

scientific: Polygonatum verticillatum

authorship: (L.) All.

epithet: verticillatum

preferred: Whorled Solomon's-seal

Campydorum verticillatum

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Convallaria stellifolia

authorship: Peterm.

Convallaria verticillata

authorship: L.

Evallaria verticillata

authorship: (L.) Neck.

Polygonatum angustifolium

authorship: Bubani

Polygonatum erythrocarpum

authorship: Hua

Polygonatum jacquemontianum

authorship: Kunth

Polygonatum kansuense

authorship: Maxim. ex Batalin

Polygonatum leptophyllum

authorship: (D.Don) Royle

Polygonatum macrophyllum

authorship: Sweet

Polygonatum roseum

authorship: Hook.

name: Polygonatum verticillatum subsp. stellifolium

authorship: (Peterm.) K.Richt.

Polygonatum verticillatum var. gracile

authorship: Baker ex Aitch.

Sigillum verticillatum

authorship: (L.) Montandon

Troxilanthes angustifolia

authorship: Raf.

codes: AFG CHN CHC CHI NCS CHQ CHT TCS TUR ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BGM BUL CZE DEN FRA GER GRB HUN ITA YUG NET NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI

Afghanistan

code: AFG

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Assam

region: Indian Subcontinent

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1975 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: عقداء دوارية

names: Купена мутовчатая

names:
sceau de salomon à feuilles verticilées
Sceau de Salomon verticille

names: Купина кільчаста

partners:
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombus wurflenii
Lasioglossum podolicum


slug: polygonella-americana

scientific: Polygonella americana

authorship: Small

genus: Polygonella

epithet: americana

family: Polygonaceae

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 141 (1894)

preferred: southern jointweed

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 381 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern jointweed
American jointweed

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus

authors: Small

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 141


slug: polygonella-articulata

scientific: Polygonella articulata

authorship: Meisn.

epithet: articulata

preferred: coastal jointweed

codes: CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN NWH NWJ NWY NCA ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO VER VRG WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1455 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
coastal jointweed
eastern jointweed

partners:
Elkalyce comyntas
Lasioglossum fuscipenne
Sphaerophoria
Toxomerus geminatus


slug: polygonella-basiramia

scientific: Polygonella basiramia

authorship: (Small) G.L.Nesom & V.M.Bates

epithet: basiramia

preferred: Florida jointweed

Polygonella ciliata var. basiramia

authorship: (Small) Horton

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Florida jointweed
hairy wireweed

partners:
Bombyliidae
Eumenidae
Halictidae
Perdita polygonellae

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Lasioglossum miniatulum
Lasioglossum nymphale
Perdita polygonellae
Augochlorella gratiosa
Augochloropsis anonyma
Bombyliidae
Colletes mandibularis

value: annual


slug: polygonella-ciliata

scientific: Polygonella ciliata

epithet: ciliata

preferred: hairy jointweed

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 190 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hairy jointweed
fringed jointweed

partners:
Dielis dorsata
Philanthus ventilabris

value: subshrub

authors: Meisn.

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygonella-gracilis

scientific: Polygonella gracilis

epithet: gracilis

preferred: tall jointweed

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 554 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tall jointweed
Wireweed

partners:
Augochloropsis anonyma
Augochloropsis metallica
Augochloropsis sumptuosa
Colletes mandibularis
Colletes thysanellae
Hylaeus
Lasioglossum coreopsis
Lasioglossum miniatulum


slug: polygonella-macrophylla

scientific: Polygonella macrophylla

epithet: macrophylla

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 407 (1896)

preferred: largeleaf jointweed

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
largeleaf jointweed
large-leaf wireweed

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23(10): 407

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygonella-myriophylla

scientific: Polygonella myriophylla

epithet: myriophylla

preferred: Small's jointweed

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 541 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Small's jointweed
sandlace

partners:
Lasioglossum tarponense
Trigonopeltastes delta

authors: (Small) Horton

published_in: Brittonia 15: 196


slug: polygonella-polygama

scientific: Polygonella polygama

authorship: Engelm. & Gray

epithet: polygama

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 231 (1845)

preferred: October flower

Polygonella croomii

authorship: Chapm.

Polygonum polygamum

authorship: Vent.

codes: ALA FLA GEO MSI NCA SCA TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Mississippi

code: MSI

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 826 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
October flower
Common October Flower

partners:
Augochlorella aurata
Augochloropsis metallica
Halictus ligatus
Lasioglossum nymphale
Lasioglossum tarponense
Apis mellifera
Augochloropsis anonyma
Chrysanthrax cypris

partners:
Dasymutilla occidentalis
Junonia coenia

authors: Engelm. & Gray

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. v. (1845) 231


slug: polygonella-robusta

scientific: Polygonella robusta

epithet: robusta

preferred: largeflower jointweed

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
largeflower jointweed
Sandhill wireweed

partners:
Anthidiellum perplexum
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus impatiens
Colletes
Lasioglossum miniatulum
Lasioglossum nymphale

partners:
Bembix americana
Bicyrtes insidiatrix
Dielis trifasciata
Isodontia exornata
Polistes dorsalis
Polistes metricus
Pygodasis quadrimaculata
Zeta argillaceum

authors: (Small) G.L.Nesom & V.M.Bates

published_in: Brittonia 36: 43


slug: polygonum-achoreum

scientific: Polygonum achoreum

genus: Polygonum

epithet: achoreum

preferred: leathery knotweed

Polygonum erectum subsp. achoreum

authorship: (S.F.Blake) Á.Löve & D.Löve

codes: ASK ABT BRC COL CNT IDA ILL INI IOW KAN MAI MAN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWY NDA NWT NSC OHI ONT ORE QUE SAS SDA UTA VER WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

New Brunswick

code: NBR

North Dakota

code: NDA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: polygonum-angustifolium

scientific: Polygonum angustifolium

authorship: Pall.

epithet: angustifolium

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 230 (1776)

Persicaria angustifolia

authorship: (Pall.) Ronse Decr.

Pleuropteropyrum angustifolium

authorship: (Pall.) Kitag.

Polygonum acidulum

authorship: Willd.

Polygonum alpinum var. angustissimum

authorship: Turcz.

name: Polygonum polymorphum var. angustissimum

authorship: Korsh.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 221 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 狭叶神血宁 狭叶蓼

authors: Pall.

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 3(1): 230, 320

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygonum-arenastrum

scientific: Polygonum arenastrum

authorship: Boreau

epithet: arenastrum

published_in: Fl. Centre France, ed. 3, 2: 559 (1857)

preferred: common knotweed

english:
common knotweed
doorweed
matweed
oval-leaf knotweed
ovalleaf knotweed
prostrate knotweed

Polygonum acetosellum

authorship: Klokov

Polygonum aequale

authorship: Lindm.

Polygonum arenastrum subsp. calcatum

authorship: (Lindm.) Wissk.

name: Polygonum arenastrum subsp. microspermum

authorship: (Jord. ex Boreau) H.Scholz

Polygonum aviculare subsp. aequale

authorship: (Lindm.) Asch. & Graebn.

Polygonum aviculare subsp. calcatum

authorship: (Lindm.) Thell.

Polygonum ebracteatum

authorship: Munshi & Javeid

Polygonum microspermum

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

Polygonum montereyense

authorship: Brenckle

Polygonum propinquum

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: ALG AZO CNY MDR MOR TUN AFG ALT AMU BRY CTA EAI IRN IRQ IRK KAM KHA KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PAL PRM SAK SIN TCS TKM TVA TUR WSB YAK PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1046 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
بطباط بيضاوي الأورق
بطباط صغير الأوراق

names: Спорыш обыкновенный

names:
Gleichblättriger Vogelknöterich
Gleichblaettriger Vogel-Knoeterich

names:
Renouee des graviers
Renouée des graviers

names: Спориш пісколюбний

names: ארכובית הציפורים

names:
taposott porcsinkeserűfű
Útszéli keserűfű

partners:
Tharsalea helloides
Lasioglossum semilucens
Paragus haemorrhous

partners:
Agrochola helvola
Agrotis clavis
Agrotis ipsilon
Agrotis puta
Agrotis trux
Alectoris rufa
Altica oleracea
Amalus scortillum

partners:
Erysiphe polygoni
Uromyces polygoni-avicularis

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

published_in: Fl. Centre France, ed. 3 [Boreau] 2: 559


slug: polygonum-aviculare

scientific: Polygonum aviculare

authorship: L.

epithet: aviculare

preferred: Prostrate Knotweed

english:
Prostrate Knotweed
Yard Knotweed
knotgrass
prostrate knotweed

Avicularia vulgaris

authorship: Didrichs.

Centinodium axillare

authorship: Friche-Joset & Montandon

Polygonum agreste

authorship: Sumnev.

Polygonum aphyllum

authorship: Krock.

Polygonum araraticum

authorship: Kom.

Polygonum argenteum

authorship: Skvortsov

authorship: Ehrenb. ex Meisn.

name: Polygonum aviculare subsp. heterophyllum

Polygonum aviculare subsp. microspermum

authorship: (Jord. ex Boreau) Berher

Polygonum aviculare subsp. monspeliense

authorship: (Thiéb.-Bern. ex Pers.) Arcang.

Polygonum aviculare subsp. neglectum

authorship: (Besser) Arcang.

Polygonum aviculare subsp. rectum

authorship: Chrtek

Polygonum aviculare var. angustissimum

authorship: Meisn.

Polygonum aviculare var. eximium

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Polygonum aviculare var. heterophyllum

authorship: (Lindm.) Munshi & Javeid

Polygonum aviculare var. neglectum

authorship: (Besser) Rchb.

Polygonum berteroi

authorship: Phil.

Polygonum buxiforme

authorship: Small

Polygonum fusco-ochreatum f. stans

authorship: (Kitag.) C.F.Fang

Polygonum heterophyllum f. rubescens

authorship: (Small) Brenckle

name: Polygonum heterophyllum var. angustissimum

authorship: (Meisn.) Lindm.

name: Polygonum heterophyllum var. caespitosum

Polygonum heterophyllum var. rubescens

authorship: (Small) R.J.Davis

Polygonum monspeliense

authorship: Thiéb.-Bern. ex Pers.

Polygonum neglectum

authorship: Besser

Polygonum polyneuron

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Polygonum procumbens

authorship: Gilib.

Polygonum retinerve

authorship: Vorosch.

Polygonum stans

authorship: Kitag.

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY ERI ETH LBY MDR MOR TUN AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CYP EAI CHH CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA KUR LBS MAG CHM NNS NCS PAL PRM CHQ SAK SAU TZK TAI CHT TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK YEM EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR ALA ASK ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LAB LOU MAI MAN MRY MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK COS

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1954 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Catechin

activities: Allelochemic Antiaggregant Antialcoholic Antiarthritic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Antiedemic Antiendotoxic

Tannic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic AntiHIV Antianacarditic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Anticolitic Antidecubitic

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Myricetin

activities: Allelochemic AntiHIV Antiallergenic Antibacterial Antifeedant Antigastric Antigingivitic Antigonadotrophic

Quercitrin

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiarrhythmic Antibacterial Anticataract Antiedemic Antifeedant Antiflu

Salicylic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarthritic Antibacterial Antidandruff Antidermatotic Antieczemic Antiichthyosic

Hyperin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antibacterial Antiinflammatory Antiischemic Antioxidant Antiradicular Antitussive Antiviral

Delphinidin

activities:
Allelochemic
Allergenic
Antioxidant
Cancer-Preventive
Metal-Chelator (Copper)
NO-Inhibitor
Pesticide
Pigment

Avicularin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antibiotic Cyclooxygenase-Activator Diuretic Pesticide Tissue-Thromboplastin-Inhibitor

partners:
Syritta pipiens
Apis mellifera
Bombus hypnorum
Chrysoperla carnea
Episyrphus balteatus
Eumerus funeralis
Eupeodes luniger
Halictus maculatus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Coreus marginatus
Haematopis grataria
Syritta pipiens
Tharsalea helloides
Agapostemon virescens
Bombus hypnorum
Coenonympha pamphilus

partners:
Coreus marginatus
Erysiphe polygoni
Habronattus pyrrithrix
Haematopis grataria
Molothrus ater
Speyeria aphrodite
Toxomerus occidentalis
Zonotrichia leucophrys

partners:
Macrosteles maculosus
Ophiola decumana
Acronicta rumicis
Agrochola helvola
Augasma aeratella
Caradrina morpheus
Chloris chloris
Ebarrius vilbastei

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: polygonum-biconvexum

scientific: Polygonum biconvexum

authorship: Hayata

epithet: biconvexum

Persicaria biconvexa

authorship: (Hayata) Nemoto

name: Polygonum hastatotrilobum var. lenticulare

authorship: Danser

Polygonum thunbergii f. bicovexum

authorship: (Hayata) Liu et al.

Truellum biconvexum

authorship: (Hayata) Soják

codes: TAI SUM

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Sumatera

code: SUM

region: Malesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 双凸戟叶蓼 水麻

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo xxv. Art. 19, 184 (1908)


slug: polygonum-bidwelliae

scientific: Polygonum bidwelliae

epithet: bidwelliae

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 294 (1879)

preferred: Bidwell's knotweed

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bidwell's knotweed
Bidwell knotweed

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 294


slug: polygonum-bolanderi

scientific: Polygonum bolanderi

epithet: bolanderi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 400 (1872)

preferred: Bolander's knotweed

value: shrub

value: woody

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 400 (-401)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: polygonum-careyi

scientific: Polygonum careyi

authorship: Olney

epithet: careyi

published_in: Proc. Providence Franklin Soc. 1: 29 (1847)

preferred: Carey's smartweed

Persicaria careyi

authorship: (Olney) Greene

codes: CNT DEL FLA ILL INI KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO VER VRG WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Carey's smartweed
Carey's knotweed

names:
persicaire de Carey
renouée de Carey

published_in: Rhode Isl. Pl. 29; et ex A. Gray, Man. Bot. N. U. St. ed. I. 386

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: polygonum-equisetiforme

scientific: Polygonum equisetiforme

authorship: Sm.

epithet: equisetiforme

preferred: horse-tail knotweed

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA CYP EAI KAZ LBS PAL SIN TZK TKM TUR UZB BUL GRC KRI POR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 472 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Pieris rapae
Thersamonia thersamon


slug: polygonum-glaucum

scientific: Polygonum glaucum

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: glaucum

preferred: seaside knotweed

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO MRY MAS NWJ NWY NCA RHO SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
seaside knotweed
Sea Knotweed

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 254


slug: polygonum-jucundum

scientific: Polygonum jucundum

authorship: Meisn.

epithet: jucundum

published_in: Monogr. Polyg. : 71 (1826)

Persicaria jucunda

authorship: (Meisn.) Migo

Polygonum hangchouense

authorship: Matsuda

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 愉悦蓼 蚕茧草

published_in: Monogr. Polyg. 71