slug: onopordum-dissectum

scientific: Onopordum dissectum

authorship: Murb.

epithet: dissectum

published_in: Lunds Univ. Arsskrift. n.s., xviii. No. 9, 15. 1921

Onopordum dissectum var. costatum

authorship: Maire

authors: Murb.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onopordum-illyricum

scientific: Onopordum illyricum

authorship: L.

genus: Onopordum

epithet: illyricum

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Illyrian cottonthistle

source: wikidata

Carduus illyricus

authorship: Baill.

Onopordum cardunculus

authorship: (Boiss.) Beauverd

Onopordum illyricum subsp. delortii

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr.) Arènes

Onopordum spectabile

authorship: Rouy

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: EAI IRN IRQ LBS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: biennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1043 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Illyrian cottonthistle
Illyrian Thistle

names:
شكاعى إيليريا
شوك إيليريا

names: Татарник илирийский

names:
Onoporde d'Illyrie, Onopordon d'Illyrie
Onopordon d'Illyrie

names:
Bufassa il·lírica
Card del dimoni

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus barbutellus
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus ruderatus
Hemaris croatica
Macroglossum stellatarum
Osmia signata
Thymelicus sylvestris

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Agapanthia alternans
Agapanthia suturalis
Anacridium aegyptium
Bombus ruderatus
Carpocoris mediterraneus
Cetonia aurata
Coreus marginatus
Damora pandora

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Larinus cynarae
Carpocoris purpureipennis
Cetonia aurata pisana
Larinus latus
Protaetia morio
Stictoleptura cordigera

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: onopordum-macracanthum

scientific: Onopordum macracanthum

authorship: Schousb.

epithet: macracanthum

published_in: Iagttag. Vextrig. Marokko 198. t. 5. (1800)

Onopordum abbreviatum var. viride

authorship: (Rouy) Maire

name: Onopordum macracanthum subsp. broteroanum

name: Onopordum macracanthum subsp. macracanthum

Onopordum macracanthum subsp. murcinum

authorship: Sennen

Onopordum sibthorpianum var. viride

authorship: Ball

codes: ALG MOR BAL POR SAR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 185 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aethiessa floralis
Heliotaurus ruficollis
Vanessa cardui

partners:
Aethiessa floralis
Brachycaudus cardui
Cassida deflorata
Chrysolina bankii
Dolycoris baccarum
Euchloe belemia
Larinus cynarae
Nezara viridula

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: onopordum-nervosum

scientific: Onopordum nervosum

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: nervosum

published_in: Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 357 (1841)

Onopordum arabicum

authorship: Hook.

codes: POR SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 271 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: biennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 357

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: onopordum-tauricum

scientific: Onopordum tauricum

authorship: Willd.

epithet: tauricum

preferred: bull cottonthistle

name: Onopordum corymbosum subsp. visegradense

authorship: Franco

Onopordum elatum

authorship: Sm.

Onopordum tauricum subsp. elatum

authorship: (Sm.) Nyman

codes: EAI LBS NCS TUR ALB BUL FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG ROM SAR TUE UKR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 237 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
bull cottonthistle
Scotch thistle

names: Татарник крымский

names: Onoporde de Tauride, Onopordon de Tauride

names:
onopordo dei Tauri
onopordo marchigiano

names:
At Dikeni
Eşekdikeni

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena albopunctata
Apis mellifera
Blitopertha lineolata
Bombylius posticus
Ceratina chalcites
Ceratina cucurbitina
Cerceris media
Dasypoda pyriformis

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onoseris-alata

scientific: Onoseris alata

authorship: Rusby

genus: Onoseris

epithet: alata

codes: AGW BOL

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: perennial

authors: Rusby

published_in: Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 163

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology


slug: onoseris-hyssopifolia

scientific: Onoseris hyssopifolia

authorship: Kunth

epithet: hyssopifolia

Seris hyssopifolia

authorship: Kuntze

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 531 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: variable

authors: Kunth

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onoseris-silvatica

scientific: Onoseris silvatica

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: silvatica

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 51 (1904)

codes: CLM COS NIC PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: wet tropical

value: woody

authors: Greenm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 51

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onosma-arenaria

scientific: Onosma arenaria

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

genus: Onosma

epithet: arenaria

family: Boraginaceae

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 308 (1812)

Onosma fallax

authorship: Borbás ex Nyman

Onosma setosa subsp. transrhymnensis

authorship: (Klokov ex Popov) Kamelin

Onosma transrhymnensis

authorship: Klokov

Onosma tuberculata

authorship: Kit.

Onosma vaudense

authorship: Gremli

codes: ALT KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX ALB AUT BUL CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG ROM RUS SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 188 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Оносма днепровская
Оносма песчаная

names: Onosme des sables, Onosma des sables, Orcanette des sables


slug: onosma-caucasica

scientific: Onosma caucasica

authorship: Levin

epithet: caucasica

published_in: Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 12: 37 (1953)

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Оносма кавказская

names: زنگوله ای قفقازی

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Levin

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onosma-cinerea

scientific: Onosma cinerea

authorship: Schreb.

epithet: cinerea

published_in: Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 3: 474 (1767)

Onosma taurica

authorship: Pall.

Onosma velenovskyi

authorship: Davidov

codes: LBS NCS TUR BUL KRY YUG ROM TUE UKR

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Krym

code: KRY

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 760 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Оносма крымская

value: subshrub

value: May-Jun

authors: Schreb.


slug: onosma-echioides

scientific: Onosma echioides

epithet: echioides

preferred: onosma

Cerinthe echioides

authorship: L.

Onosma javorkae

authorship: Simonk.

Onosma pallida

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ALB BUL ITA YUG SIC TUE

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: onosma goldendrop

value: chamaephyte

label: Fruit type

value: nucule

source: Wikidata


slug: onosma-fastigiata

scientific: Onosma fastigiata

authorship: Braun-Blanq.

epithet: fastigiata

published_in: Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich lxii. 603 (1917)

Onosma tricerosperma subsp. catalaunica

authorship: (Senn.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Onosma tricerosperma subsp. fastigiata

authorship: (Braun-Blanq.) G.López

codes: ALG MOR FRA ITA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

France

code: FRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Onosme fastigiée, Orcanette fastigiée
Orcanette fastigiée

authors: Braun-Blanq.

published_in: Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 62(Hefts 3-4): 603

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: onosma-frutescens

scientific: Onosma frutescens

authorship: Lam.

epithet: frutescens

Onosma tournefortii

authorship: Griseb.

codes: EAI LBS PAL TUR GRC

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Palestine

code: PAL

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Оносма кустящаяся

authors: Lam.

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. i. 407

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onosma-fruticosa

scientific: Onosma fruticosa

authorship: Sm.

epithet: fruticosa

Cyprus

code: CYP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Оносма кустарниковая

authors: Sm.

published_in: Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1(1): 122

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onosma-graeca

scientific: Onosma graeca

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: graeca

codes: EAI TUR GRC KRI

Kriti

code: KRI

names: Оносма греческая

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 11: 106


slug: onosma-polyphylla

scientific: Onosma polyphylla

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: polyphylla

published_in: Beitr. Naturk. Ostseeprov. Russlands 1: 72 (1820)

Onosma bifrons

authorship: Steven ex Ledeb.

codes: NCS KRY

North Caucasus

code: NCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 369 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Оносма многолистная

names: Громовик багатолистий

value: Apr-May

authors: Ledeb.

published_in: Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 1: 7, t. 24


slug: onosma-setosa

scientific: Onosma setosa

epithet: setosa

Onosma armeniaca

authorship: Klokov

Onosma caspium

authorship: Gruner

Onosma iberica

authorship: Fisch. ex Ledeb.

codes: IRN KAZ MON NCS TCS TUR CHX RUS UKR

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Mongolia

code: MON

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Xinjiang

code: CHX

South European Russia

code: RUS

names: Оносма щетинистая

published_in: Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 181


slug: onosma-simplicissima

scientific: Onosma simplicissima

epithet: simplicissima

Onosma simplex

authorship: Gaertn.

Onosma volgensis

authorship: Dobrocz.

codes: ALT KAZ KRA WSB CHX RUE RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

West Siberia

code: WSB

East European Russia

code: RUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Оносма простейшая

value: May-Jul

authors: L.


slug: onosma-staminea

scientific: Onosma staminea

epithet: staminea

codes: KAZ TKM

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

names: Оносма тычиночная

published_in: in Eichw. Pl. Nov. Casp. Cauc. 10. t. 3


slug: onosma-tinctoria

scientific: Onosma tinctoria

epithet: tinctoria

published_in: Beschr. Länd. Terek. Casp. : 136 (1800)

codes: KAZ NCS TUR WSB RUC RUE KRY RUS UKR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 198 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Beschr. Länder Zwischen Flüssen Terek Kur 136


slug: onosma-tricerosperma

scientific: Onosma tricerosperma

authorship: Lag.

epithet: tricerosperma

Onosma hispanica

authorship: (Degen & Hervier) Lacaita

Onosma setosa subsp. granatensis

authorship: Debeaux & Herv.

Onosma setosa subsp. hispanica

authorship: Degen & Herv.

Onosma tricerosperma subsp. hispanica

authorship: (Degen & Hervier) P.W.Ball

codes: FRA SPA

France

code: FRA

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
/
Onosme à graines à trois cornes

partners:
Andrena ovatula
Bombus hortorum

authors: Lag.

published_in: Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 10

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onosma-visianii

scientific: Onosma visianii

authorship: Clementi

epithet: visianii

published_in: Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 519 (1841 publ. 1842)

Onosma ampliata

authorship: Velen.

Onosma calycina

authorship: Steven ex Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.

authorship: Steven

Onosma drenowskii

authorship: Degen & Javorka

Onosma intermedia

authorship: Schur

Onosma macrochaeta

authorship: Klokov & Dobrocz.

Onosma taygetea

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Onosma transsilvanica

authorship: Schur ex Nyman

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE GRC HUN KRY YUG ROM TUE

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 294 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Оносма Визиани

names: Громовик візіяні

authors: Clementi

published_in: Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 519

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: onychium-japonicum

scientific: Onychium japonicum

authorship: (Thunb.) Kunze

genus: Onychium

epithet: japonicum

family: Pteridaceae

Asplenium swartzianum

authorship: Kunze

Caenopteris japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) Thunb.

authorship: Willd.

Cryptogramma japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) Prantl

Darea japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) Willd.

Onychium carvifolium

authorship: Fée

Onychium japonicum f. echizenense

authorship: Yo.Saito & Y.Yoshim.

Pteris japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) Mett.

Trichomanes japonicum

authorship: Thunb.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS OGA TAI BAN JAW LSI MYA PHI VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Bangladesh

code: BAN

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Philippines

code: PHI

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 880 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 金粉蕨 小野鸡尾

value: annual

value: Mar-Aug

authors: (Thunb.) Kunze

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6(28): 507


slug: onychium-lucidum

scientific: Onychium lucidum

authorship: (D.Don) Spreng.

epithet: lucidum

Cheilanthes lucida

authorship: (D.Don) Wall.

Onychium japonicum var. lucidum

authorship: (D.Don) Christ

Onychium tibeticum

authorship: Ching & S.K.Wu

codes: CHN CHC CHS TAI CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK VIE WHM

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (D.Don) Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(1): 66


slug: oonopsis-foliosa

scientific: Oonopsis foliosa

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene

genus: Oonopsis

epithet: foliosa

preferred: leafy false goldenweed

Pyrrocoma foliosa

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Colorado

code: COL

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

names:
leafy false goldenweed
leafy goldenweed

value: herb

authors: (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene

published_in: Pittonia 3(14): 46


slug: oophytum-nanum

scientific: Oophytum nanum

authorship: (Schltr.) L.Bolus

genus: Oophytum

epithet: nanum

family: Aizoaceae

published_in: in S. African Gard. 19: 121. 1929.

Mesembryanthemum nanum

authorship: Schltr.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Megastigmus physocarpi
Sphecodopsis semirufa

value: 0 m

published_in: S. African Gard. 19: 121. 1929; L. Bolus, Notes Mesembr. Pt. 2, 128. 1929

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opercularia-aspera

scientific: Opercularia aspera

authorship: Gaertn.

genus: Opercularia

epithet: aspera

family: Rubiaceae

Cryptospermum youngii

authorship: Pers.

Opercularia aspera var. hyssopifolia

authorship: (Juss.) Benth.

Opercularia hyssopifolia

authorship: Juss.

Opercularia paleata

authorship: Young

Rubioides aspera

authorship: Sol. ex A.Cunn.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: 2 m

authors: Gaertn.

published_in: Fruct. Sem. Pl. i. 112. t. 24

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: opercularia-diphylla

scientific: Opercularia diphylla

epithet: diphylla

codes: NSW QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

published_in: Fruct. Sem. Pl. i. 113

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opercularia-hispida

scientific: Opercularia hispida

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: hispida

Opercularia hirtella

authorship: DC.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 385

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: opercularia-ovata

scientific: Opercularia ovata

epithet: ovata

Opercularia micromerioides

authorship: F.Muell. ex Miq.

codes: SOA TAS VIC

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 133 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: London J. Bot. 6: 465

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opercularia-scabrida

scientific: Opercularia scabrida

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: scabrida

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: Schltdl.

published_in: Linnaea 20: 604

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: opercularia-turpis

scientific: Opercularia turpis

epithet: turpis

codes: NSW SOA VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 136 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Aug-Nov

published_in: Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. (1859) 109


slug: opercularia-vaginata

scientific: Opercularia vaginata

epithet: vaginata

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.  4: 428 (1804)

Opercularia multicaulis

authorship: Bartl.

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: 428


slug: opercularia-varia

scientific: Opercularia varia

epithet: varia

Opercularia varia var. rigidior

authorship: Benth.

codes: NSW SOA TAS VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 436 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

published_in: London J. Bot. 6: 466

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: operculicarya-pachypus

scientific: Operculicarya pachypus

authorship: Eggli

genus: Operculicarya

epithet: pachypus

family: Anacardiaceae

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Sér. 4, 17(3-4): 156 (1995)

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: semisucculent shrub

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

authors: Eggli

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia sér. 4, 17(3-4): 156

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: operculina-codonantha

scientific: Operculina codonantha

authorship: (Benth.) Hallier f.

genus: Operculina

epithet: codonantha

family: Convolvulaceae

Convolvulus alatus

authorship: (R.Br.) Spreng.

Operculina brownii

authorship: Ooststr.

codes: NWG NTA QLD WAU FIJ MRQ NWC TON BOL ECU PAN PER

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Fiji

code: FIJ

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

Marquesas

code: MRQ

region: South-Central Pacific

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Tonga

code: TON

Bolivia

code: BOL

Ecuador

code: ECU

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: liana

value: liana

value: phanerophyte

authors: Hallier f.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: operculina-pinnatifida

scientific: Operculina pinnatifida

authorship: (Kunth) O'Donell

epithet: pinnatifida

preferred: tansyleaf lidpod

Convolvulus pinnatifidus

authorship: Kunth

Convolvulus triflorus

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Ipomoea megacarpa

authorship: Brandegee

Ipomoea pinnatifida

authorship: (Kunth) G.Don

Merremia pinnatifida

authorship: (Kunth) Hallier f.

Operculina angustiloba

authorship: House

Operculina ornithopoda

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) House

Operculina ornithopoda var. megacarpa

authorship: (Brandegee) B.L.Rob.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

lifeform: climbing herbaceous tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 451 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: vine

authors: (Kunth) O'Donell

published_in: Lilloa 23: 432


slug: operculina-pteripes

scientific: Operculina pteripes

authorship: (G.Don) O'Donell

epithet: pteripes

Calonyction pterodes

authorship: Choisy

Ipomoea alatipes

authorship: Hook.

Operculina alatipes

authorship: (Hook.) House

Operculina pteropus

authorship: Meisn.

Operculina rhodocalyx

authorship: (A.Gray ex S.Watson) House

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS BOL BZC CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Bolivia

region: Western South America

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

region: Brazil

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: climbing tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 307 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: variable

value: geophyte


slug: operculina-turpethum

scientific: Operculina turpethum

authorship: (L.) Silva Manso

epithet: turpethum

published_in: Enum. Subst. Braz. : 16 (1836)

preferred: St. Thomas lidpod

Argyreia alata

authorship: Montrouz.

Argyreia alulata

authorship: Miq.

Convolvulus anceps

authorship: L.

Convolvulus triqueter

authorship: Vahl

Ipomoea anceps

authorship: (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Ipomoea diplocalyx

authorship: Baker

Ipomoea triquetra

authorship: (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.

Ipomoea turpethum var. anceps

authorship: (L.) Miq.

Merremia triquetra

authorship: (Vahl) Roberty

Merremia turpethum

authorship: (L.) Bojer

authorship: (L.) Rendle

Operculina triquetra

authorship: (Vahl) Hallier f.

Operculina turpethum var. heterophylla

authorship: Hallier f.

Operculina turpethum var. humilior

authorship: (Haines) K.K.Khanna

Piptostegia pisonis

authorship: Mart.

Turpethum australe

authorship: Raf.

codes: COM KEN MDG MOZ SEY SOM TAN ZIM CHC CHS CHH NNS TAI AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK PHI SOL SRL SUL THA VIE NTA QLD CRL COO FIJ HAW MRQ NWC NUE PIT SAM SCI TON VAN

Comoros

code: COM

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Seychelles

code: SEY

Somalia

code: SOM

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1952 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: operculina-ventricosa

scientific: Operculina ventricosa

authorship: (Bertero) Peter

epithet: ventricosa

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 32 (1891)

Convolvulus ventricosus

authorship: Bertero ex Colla

Ipomoea demerariana

authorship: Choisy

Ipomoea ventricosa

authorship: (Bertero) Choisy

Operculina grandiflora

authorship: House

Operculina tansaensis

authorship: Santapau & V.Patel

Operculina turpethum var. ventricosa

authorship: (Bertero) Staples & D.F.Austin

codes: LEE WIN

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

region: Caribbean

Windward Is.

code: WIN

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

authors: (Bertero) Peter

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] iv. 3a (1891) 32


slug: ophioderma-falcatum

scientific: Ophioderma falcatum

authorship: (C.Presl) Deg.

genus: Ophioderma

epithet: falcatum

family: Ophioglossaceae

published_in: Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] (1932)

Ophioglossum falcatum

authorship: (Presl) Fowler

Ophioglossum pendulum subsp. falcatum

authorship: (C.Presl) R.T.Clausen

codes: SOL HAW MRN VAN

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

Marianas

code: MRN

region: Northwestern Pacific

Vanuatu

code: VAN

lifeform: epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Deg.

published_in: Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener]


slug: ophioglossum-bergianum

scientific: Ophioglossum bergianum

authorship: Schltdl.

genus: Ophioglossum

epithet: bergianum

Rhizoglossum bergianum

authorship: (Schltdl. & Schltdl.) C.Presl & C.Presl

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

published_in: Adumbr. Pl. 10


slug: ophioglossum-californicum

scientific: Ophioglossum californicum

authorship: Prantl

epithet: californicum

published_in: Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 351 (1883)

preferred: California adderstongue

name: Ophioglossum lusitanicum subsp. californicum

authorship: (Prantl) R.T.Clausen

name: Ophioglossum lusitanicum var. californicum

authorship: (Prantl) M.Broun

codes: CAL MXE MXN

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 245 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
California adderstongue
California adder's-tongue

names: helecho lengua de serpiente de California

authors: Prantl

published_in: Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 351


slug: ophioglossum-coriaceum

scientific: Ophioglossum coriaceum

epithet: coriaceum

name: Ophioglossum lusitanicum subsp. coriaceum

authorship: (A.Cunn.) R.T.Clausen

Ophioglossum minimum

authorship: (Hook.f.) J.B.Armstr.

Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. minimum

authorship: (Hook.f. ) Hook.f.

codes: CTM KER NSW NZN NZS NFK NTA QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU ECU PER

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

Kermadec Is.

code: KER

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Norfolk Is.

code: NFK

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 274 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

published_in: Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 361


slug: ophioglossum-crotalophoroides

scientific: Ophioglossum crotalophoroides

authorship: Walter

epithet: crotalophoroides

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 256 (1788)

preferred: bulbous adderstongue

Haukia crotalophoroides

authorship: (Walter) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang

Haukia tuberosa

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang

Ophioglossum bulbosum

authorship: Michx.

Ophioglossum stipatum

authorship: Miers ex Colla

Ophioglossum tuberosum

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

name: Ophioglossum vulgatum var. crotalophoroides

authorship: (Walter) D.C.Eaton

codes: SGE ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO NCA OKL SCA TEN TEX AGE AGW AGS BOL BZS BZL CLC CLS CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAR PER URU VEN

South Georgia

code: SGE

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

region: North-Central U.S.A.

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

Colombia

code: CLM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 151 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: ophioglossum-engelmannii

scientific: Ophioglossum engelmannii

epithet: engelmannii

preferred: limestone adderstongue

Ophioglossum vulgatum f. engelmannii

authorship: (Prantl) Clute

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. engelmannii

authorship: (Prantl) G.Tilton

Whittieria engelmannii

authorship: (Prantl) Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Xia Wan

authorship: (Prantl) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang

codes: ALA ARI ARK FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO NEB NWM NCA OHI OKL PEN TEN TEX VRG WVA COS HON

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Costa Rica

code: COS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 457 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: ophioglossum-lusitanicum

scientific: Ophioglossum lusitanicum

authorship: L.

epithet: lusitanicum

preferred: Least Adder's-tongue

Ophioglossum braunii

authorship: Prantl

Ophioglossum lusitanicum f. latifolium

authorship: Rouy

name: Ophioglossum lusitanicum f. longipedunculatum

name: Ophioglossum lusitanicum var. latifolium

name: Ophioglossum lusitanicum var. longepedunculum

name: Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. lusitanicum

authorship: (L.) Hook.f.

authorship: Bonnier & Layens

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. lusitanicum

authorship: (L.) Hook. & Arn.

codes: ALG AZO CNY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TCS TUR BAL COR FRA GRB GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 456 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Least Adder's-tongue
Austral adder's-tongue

names: Ужовник лузитанский

names: לשון-אפעה קטנה

names:
y tafod-y-neidr lleiaf
Tafod y Neidr Lleiaf


slug: ophioglossum-nudicaule

scientific: Ophioglossum nudicaule

epithet: nudicaule

preferred: least adderstongue

Ophioglossum capense

authorship: Sw.

Ophioglossum capense var. nudicaule

authorship: (L.f. ) Schltdl.

Ophioglossum dendroneuron

authorship: E.P.St.John ex Small

Ophioglossum ellipticum

authorship: Hook. & Grev.

Ophioglossum nudicaule f. minus

authorship: (R.T.Clausen) M.Broun

Ophioglossum pusillum

authorship: Nutt.

Ophioglossum spruceanum

authorship: Fée

Ophioglossum tenerum

authorship: Mett.; Prantl

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. nudicaule

authorship: (L.f.) D.C.Eaton

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. surinamense

authorship: Luerss.

Ophioglossum ypanemense

authorship: Mart.

codes: CPP ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI NCA OKL SCA TEX AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC CLS CLM COS CUB ECU FRG GAL GUA GUY HON JAM NIC PAN PAR PER SUR URU VEN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 裸茎瓶尔小草 小叶瓶尔小草


slug: ophioglossum-petiolatum

scientific: Ophioglossum petiolatum

authorship: Hook.

epithet: petiolatum

preferred: adder's tongue

english:
adder's tongue
longstem adderstongue

Ophioglossum litorale

authorship: Makino

Ophioglossum moluccanum

authorship: Schltdl.

Ophioglossum moluccanum f. complicatum

authorship: Miq.

name: Ophioglossum pedunculosum var. australasiaticum

authorship: (Luerss.) C.Chr.

Ophioglossum reticulatum f. complicatum

authorship: (Miq.) Wieff.

name: Ophioglossum vulgatum var. australasiaticum

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS OGA TAI CHT ASS BAN BIS BOR XMS EHM IND JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI SOL SRL SUM THA VIE WHM CTM KER NSW NZN NZS NFK NTA QLD VIC WAU MXT MXS CRL FIJ HAW NWC NUE SAM SCI TUB VAN

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Christmas I.

code: XMS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 382 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: コヒロハハナヤスリ フジハナヤスリ


slug: ophioglossum-polyphyllum

scientific: Ophioglossum polyphyllum

authorship: A.Braun ex Seub.

epithet: polyphyllum

english:
adder's tongue
large adderstongue
pololei

Ophioglossum aitchisonii

authorship: (Clarke) d'Almeida

Ophioglossum concinnum

authorship: Brack.

Ophioglossum cuspidatum

authorship: Milde

Ophioglossum regulare

authorship: (Schlecht.) C.Chr.

Ophioglossum tapinum

authorship: Peter

Ophioglossum vulgatum f. cuspidatum

authorship: (Milde) Milde

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. polyphyllum

authorship: (A.Braun ex Seub.) Milde

codes: ANG AZO BOT BUR CNY CPP CVI CHA ZAI DJI EGY ETH OFS KEN NAT LES MLW MOR MOZ NAM TVL SOC SOM STH TAN TUN UGA ZAM ZIM AFG GST IRN IRQ KUW OMA PAL SAU CHT YEM BAN IND PAK WHM NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU ARI MXC MXE MXN MXS TEX HAW

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Azores

code: AZO

Botswana

code: BOT

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Malawi

code: MLW

Morocco

code: MOR

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

St.Helena

code: STH

region: Middle Atlantic Ocean

Tanzania

code: TAN

Tunisia

code: TUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 118 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: לשון-אפעה רבת-עלים


slug: ophioglossum-pusillum

scientific: Ophioglossum pusillum

authorship: Raf.

epithet: pusillum

published_in: Precis Decouv. Somiol. 46. 1814

preferred: adder's-tongue

english:
adder's-tongue
northern adder's-tongue
northern adderstongue

Ophioglossum vulgatum f. pusillum

authorship: House

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. pseudopodum

authorship: (S.F.Blake) Farw.

codes: ASK BRC CAL CNT DEL WDC ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NDA NSC OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SDA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: ophioglossum-reticulatum

scientific: Ophioglossum reticulatum

authorship: L.

epithet: reticulatum

preferred: netted adderstongue

Ophioglossum aletum

authorship: M.Patel, M.N.Reddy & H.K.Goswami

Ophioglossum chaloneri

authorship: H.K.Goswami, M.Patel & K.K.Nag

Ophioglossum cordifolium

authorship: Roxb. ex Wall.

Ophioglossum ovatum

authorship: Bory

Ophioglossum pedunculatum

authorship: Desv. & Nakai

Ophioglossum raciborskii

authorship: Alderw.

Ophioglossum ramosii

authorship: Copel.

Ophioglossum reticulatum var. acutius

authorship: Christ

name: Ophioglossum reticulatum var. polyangium

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. reticulatum

authorship: (L.) D.C.Eaton

codes: ANG BUR CMN CPP CVI CAF CHA COM ZAI EQG SWZ ETH GAB GHA GUI GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MDR MLW MLI MAU MOZ NAM NGA TVL ROD RWA REU SEN SIE SOC SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI CHT YEM ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NCB PAK PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM MXI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS CRL FIJ TUA VAN AGE AGW BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Angola

code: ANG

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Cape Verde

code: CVI

region: Macaronesia

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

region: West Tropical Africa

Guinea

code: GUI

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Liberia

code: LBR

Madagascar

code: MDG

Madeira

code: MDR

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritius

code: MAU

names:
netted adderstongue
Net-Veined Adder's Tongue

names: Ophioglosse réticulé, Herbe paille-en-queue, Herbe un cœur, Langue de serpent


slug: ophioglossum-thermale

scientific: Ophioglossum thermale

authorship: Kom.

epithet: thermale

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 85 (1914)

Ophioglossum angustatum

authorship: Maxon

Ophioglossum bucharicum

authorship: O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.

Ophioglossum japonicum

authorship: Prantl

Ophioglossum nipponicum

authorship: Miyabe & Kudô

Ophioglossum savatieri

authorship: Nakai

Ophioglossum thermale var. nipponicum

authorship: (Miyabe & Kudo) Nishida

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. thermale

authorship: (Kom.) C.Chr.

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KAM KOR CHM NNS PRM TZK TAI UZB

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Primorye

code: PRM

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

region: Central Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Meadow adder’s tongue
thermal adder's-tongue

names: 一支箭 狭叶瓶尔小草

names: Ужовник тепловодный

value: Aug

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: Kom.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 85


slug: ophioglossum-vulgatum

scientific: Ophioglossum vulgatum

authorship: L.

epithet: vulgatum

preferred: Adder's-tongue

english:
Adder's-tongue
southern adderstongue

Ophioglossum alpinum

authorship: Rouy

Ophioglossum dudadae

authorship: Mickel

Ophioglossum microstichum

authorship: Ach.

Ophioglossum mironovii

authorship: Sumn.

Ophioglossum pringlei

authorship: Underw. ex Conz.

Ophioglossum pycnostichum

authorship: (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Ophioglossum sabulicola

authorship: Sauzé & Maillard

Ophioglossum sarcophyllum

authorship: Desv.

Ophioglossum unifolium

authorship: Gilib.

Ophioglossum valdivianum

authorship: Phil.

Ophioglossum vulgatum

authorship: monstr.furcatum (Milde) C.W.Christ.

Ophioglossum vulgatum f. alaskanum

authorship: (E.Britton) Gilbert

Ophioglossum vulgatum f. arenarium

authorship: (E.Britton) Clute

Ophioglossum vulgatum f. cuspidatum

authorship: Milde

Ophioglossum vulgatum f. lanceolatum

authorship: (Clute) S.F.Blake

Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. alpinum

authorship: (Rouy) R.C.V.Douin

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. alaskanum

authorship: (E.Britton) C.Chr.

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. alpinum

authorship: Schur

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. bifidum

authorship: Gray

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. cuspidatum

authorship: (Milde) Rouy

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. islandicum

authorship: Á.Löve & D.Löve

name: Ophioglossum vulgatum var. kilimandscharicum

authorship: Hieron.

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. lanceolatum

authorship: Clute

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. microstichum

authorship: (Ach.) Hartm.

authorship: Hartm.

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. minus

authorship: Moore

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. polyphyllum

authorship: Stefánsson

name: Ophioglossum vulgatum var. psycnostichum

authorship: Fernald

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. valdivianum

authorship: (Phil.) J.S.Licht.

codes: ALG BUR CPP ETH OFS KEN NAT LES LBR MDG MLW MOR MOZ TVL RWA REU TAN UGA ZAM ZIM ALT BRY CHN CHC CHS CYP IRN JAP KAM KOR KRA LBS NCS SAK TZK CHT TCS TVA TUR WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWE SWI UKR ALA ARI ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MSI MSO NWJ NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS AGS CLS

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Liberia

code: LBR

Madagascar

code: MDG

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Réunion

code: REU

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ужовник обыкновенный

names:
Gewöhnliche Natternzunge
Artengruppe Gewöhnliche Natternzunge

names: مارزبان (گیاه)

names: Вужачка звичайна

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: ophiopogon-intermedius

scientific: Ophiopogon intermedius

genus: Ophiopogon

epithet: intermedius

family: Asparagaceae

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 48 (1825)

Flueggea dubia

authorship: Kunth

Flueggea intermedia

authorship: (D.Don) Kunth

Flueggea japonica var. intermedia

authorship: (D.Don) Schult.f.

Mondo intermedium

authorship: (D.Don) L.H.Bailey

Mondo japonicum var. griffithii

authorship: (Baker) Farw.

Mondo japonicum var. intermedium

authorship: (D.Don) Farw.

Mondo japonicum var. wallichianum

authorship: (Kunth) Farw.

Mondo scabrum

authorship: Ohwi

Mondo wallichianum

authorship: (Kunth) L.H.Bailey

Ophiopogon aciformis

authorship: F.T.Wang & Tang ex H.Li & Y.P.Yang

Ophiopogon compressus

authorship: Y.Wan & C.C.Huang

Ophiopogon indicus

authorship: Wight

name: Ophiopogon intermedius var. occidentalis

Ophiopogon japonicus var. intermedius

authorship: (D.Don) Maxim.

Ophiopogon japonicus var. wallichianus

authorship: (Kunth) Maxim.

Ophiopogon longibracteatus

authorship: H.Li & Y.P.Yang

Ophiopogon parviflorus

authorship: (Hook.f.) H.Hara

Ophiopogon wallichianus

authorship: (Kunth) Hook.f.

name: Ophiopogon wallichianus var. pauciflorus

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH CHT ASS BAN CBD EHM IND MYA NEP PAK SRL THA VIE WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 八宝镇心丹 扁柄沿階草

names: タイワンカブダチジャノヒゲ

value: herb

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ophiopogon-jaburan

scientific: Ophiopogon jaburan

authorship: (Siebold) G.Lodd.

epithet: jaburan

preferred: lilyturf

Convallaria japonica var. major

authorship: Thunb.

Flueggea jaburan

authorship: (Siebold) Kunth

Flueggea japonica var. major

authorship: (Thunb.) Schult. & Schult.f.

Mondo jaburan

authorship: (Siebold) L.H.Bailey

Mondo jaburan var. major

authorship: (Thunb.) Nakai

Mondo japonicum var. major

authorship: (Thunb.) Farw.

Mondo taquetii

authorship: (H.Lév.) Farw.

Slateria jaburan

authorship: Siebold

codes: JAP KOR NNS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

names:
lilyturf
White Lily-turf

names: 剑叶沿阶草 花葉沿階草

names: Barba-de-serpente liríopes-variegada

names: זקן-נחש ג'בורן


slug: ophiopogon-japonicus

scientific: Ophiopogon japonicus

authorship: (Thunb.) Ker Gawl.

epithet: japonicus

preferred: Mondo Grass

english:
Mondo Grass
dwarf lilyturf

Convallaria graminifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Flueggea anceps

authorship: Raf.

Flueggea japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) Rich.

Liriope gracilis

authorship: (Kunth) Nakai

Mondo gracile

authorship: (Kunth) Koidz.

Mondo gracile var. brevipedicellatum

authorship: Koidz.

Mondo longifolium

authorship: Ohwi

Mondo stolonifer

authorship: (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Farw.

Ophiopogon chekiangensis

authorship: Koiti Kimura & Migo

Ophiopogon gracilis

authorship: Kunth

name: Ophiopogon gracilis var. brevipedicellatus

authorship: (Koidz.) Nemoto

Ophiopogon japonicus var. caespitosus

authorship: Okuyama

Ophiopogon japonicus var. elevatus

authorship: Kuntze

Ophiopogon japonicus var. umbrosus

authorship: Maxim.

Ophiopogon merrillii

authorship: Masam.

Ophiopogon stolonifer

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Polygonastrum compressum

authorship: Moench

Slateria coerulea

authorship: Siebold ex Miq.

Slateria japonica

authorship: (Thunb.) Desv.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR TAI PHI VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 182 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Ruscogenin

activities: Anticapillary-Fragility Antihemorrhoidal Antiinflammatory Antiprostatitic Antiseptic Antivaricose Pesticide Vasoconstrictor

Octacosanol

activities: Androgenic Antiparkinsonian Antiviral Hypocholesterolemic Hypolipidemic Stimulant

Stigmasterol

activities: Antihepatotoxic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiophidic Antioxidant Antiviral Artemicide Cancer-Preventive

Beta-sitosterol-beta-d-glucoside

activities: Antileukemic Antispasmodic Antitumor Hypoglycemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
dwarf lilyturf
Mondo Grass

names: 麦冬 麦门冬

names:
Grama pelo de urso
Pêlo-de-urso

names: Офиопогон японский

names: ジャノヒゲ ジャノヒゲ(蛇の髭)

names:
/
Muguet du Japon

names: זקן-נחש יפני

value: evergreen

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ophiopogon-reversus

scientific: Ophiopogon reversus

epithet: reversus

codes: CHS CHH NNS TAI

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 广东沿阶草 高節沿階草

value: non-woody

published_in: Fl. Hainan. 4: 534

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ophiorrhiza-hayatana

scientific: Ophiorrhiza hayatana

genus: Ophiorrhiza

epithet: hayatana

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.  36: 57 (1934)

Ophiorrhiza stenophylla

authorship: Hayata

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 早田氏蛇根草 瘤果蛇根草

value: chamaephyte

authors: Ohwi

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 57

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ophiorrhiza-japonica

scientific: Ophiorrhiza japonica

authorship: Blume

epithet: japonica

Ophiorrhiza eryei

authorship: Champ.

Ophiorrhiza japonica var. acutiloba

authorship: (Hayata) Ohwi

Ophiorrhiza japonica var. amamiana

authorship: Hatus.

Ophiorrhiza japonica var. tashiroi

authorship: (Maxim.) Ohwi

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1679 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 日本蛇根草 日本蛇根草（蛇根草）

authors: Blume

published_in: Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 16: 978


slug: ophiorrhiza-mungos

scientific: Ophiorrhiza mungos

authorship: L.

epithet: mungos

Ophiorrhiza ostindica

authorship: Christm.

codes: ASS BAN EHM IND JAW MLY MYA NEP NCB SRL SUM THA VIE

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Malaya

code: MLY

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Sumatera

code: SUM

partners:
Jamides alecto
Oriens goloides

authors: L.


slug: ophiorrhiza-pumila

scientific: Ophiorrhiza pumila

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

epithet: pumila

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc.  4: 169 (1852)

Ophiorrhiza pumila var. inflata

authorship: (Maxim.) Masam.

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI VIE

Japan

code: JAP

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 645 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 白花蛇根草 短小蛇根草

names: chabo-inamori チャボイナモリ

authors: Champ. ex Benth.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 169


slug: ophrestia-oblongifolia

scientific: Ophrestia oblongifolia

authorship: (E.Mey.) H.M.L.Forbes

genus: Ophrestia

epithet: oblongifolia

family: Fabaceae

Cracca oblongifolia

authorship: (E.Mey.) Kuntze

Glycine oblongifolia

authorship: (E.Mey.) Harms

Glycine wilmsii

authorship: Harms

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: scrambling annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 3 m

value: annual

authors: (E.Mey.) H.M.L.Forbes

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ophryosporus-paradoxus

scientific: Ophryosporus paradoxus

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.

genus: Ophryosporus

epithet: paradoxus

Eupatorium paradoxum

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Nothites baccharidea

authorship: DC.

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial


slug: ophryosporus-peruvianus

scientific: Ophryosporus peruvianus

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

epithet: peruvianus

Flaveria peruviana

authorship: Juss.

authorship: (Juss.) J.F.Gmelin

Flaveria spicata

authorship: Sm.

Piqueria artemisioides

authorship: Kunth

Piqueria peruviana

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) B.L.Rob.

codes: ECU PER

Ecuador

code: ECU

region: Western South America

Peru

code: PER

value: woody

authors: (J.F.Gmel.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

published_in: Phytologia 25: 66

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: ophryosporus-piquerioides

scientific: Ophryosporus piquerioides

authorship: (DC.) Benth. ex Baker

epithet: piquerioides

Eupatorium clavatum

authorship: Griseb.

Mikania mandonii

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Baker

Ophryosporus mandonii

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hook.f & B.D.Jacks.

authorship: (Sch.Bip.) B.D.Jacks.

Ophryosporus saltensis

authorship: Hieron.

codes: AGW BOL PER

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

value: shrub

authors: (DC.) Benth. ex Baker


slug: ophryosporus-triangularis

scientific: Ophryosporus triangularis

authorship: Meyen

epithet: triangularis

Eupatorium volckmanni

authorship: Philippi

Kuhnia multiramea

authorship: Turcz.

Ophryosporus foliolosus

authorship: Reiche

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 190 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Meyen

published_in: Reise Erde 1: 402

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ophrys-apifera

scientific: Ophrys apifera

authorship: Huds.

genus: Ophrys

epithet: apifera

family: Orchidaceae

preferred: Bee orchid

Arachnites apifera

authorship: (Huds.) Hoffm.

Cephalophrys integra

authorship: (Sacc.) Cox

Epipactis arachnites

authorship: (L.) F.W.Schmidt

Ophrys adrachnites

authorship: Mill.

Ophrys albiflora

authorship: Spruner ex Boiss.

Ophrys apifera f. almaracensis

authorship: (Pérez-Chisc., Durán Oliva & Gil Llano) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. aurita

authorship: (Moggr.) Soó

Ophrys apifera f. austroalsatica

authorship: Sprunger & Rolf Kühn

Ophrys apifera f. badensis

authorship: (L.Lewis & Kreutz) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. basiliensis

authorship: (S.Schwegler & Matthies) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. belgarum

authorship: (Turner Ettl.) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. bicolor

authorship: (E.Nelson) P.D.Sell

Ophrys apifera f. botteronii

authorship: (Chodat) P.D.Sell

Ophrys apifera f. brevilabellata

authorship: (Kreutz, R.Selig & Zelesny) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. chodatii

authorship: Wilczek

Ophrys apifera f. curviflora

authorship: (A.Soulié) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. flaveola

authorship: Klaver & Kreutz

Ophrys apifera f. flavescens

authorship: (Rosbach) P.D.Sell

Ophrys apifera f. friburgensis

authorship: (Freyhold) P.Delforge

authorship: (Freyhold) M.Schulze

Ophrys apifera f. fulvofusca

authorship: (M.P.Grasso & Scrugli) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. patinata

authorship: (U.Grabner & Kreutz) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. tilaventina

authorship: (Nonis & Liverani) P.Delforge

Ophrys apifera f. trollii

authorship: (Hegetschw.) P.D.Sell

Ophrys apifera lus. immaculata

authorship: (Bréb.) Soó

Ophrys apifera prol. botteronii

authorship: (Chodat) Asch. & Graebn.

Ophrys apifera subsp. arachnites

authorship: (L.) H.C.Watson

Ophrys apifera subsp. austriaca

authorship: (Wiesb. ex Dichtl) K.Richt.

Ophrys apifera subsp. botteronii

authorship: (Chodat) Hegi

authorship: (Chodat) Nägeli

Ophrys apifera subsp. chlorantha

authorship: (Hegetschw.) Arcang.

Ophrys apifera subsp. friburgensis

authorship: (Freyhold) P.Fourn.

Ophrys apifera subsp. immaculata

authorship: (Bréb.) O.Nägeli

Ophrys apifera subsp. jurana

authorship: Ruppert ex Walth.Zimm.

Ophrys apifera subsp. muteliae

authorship: (Mutel) K.Richt.

Ophrys apifera subsp. olympiadae

authorship: Ougrinski

Ophrys apifera subsp. purpurea

authorship: (Tausch) K.Richt.

Ophrys apifera subsp. trollii

authorship: (Hegetschw.) O.Bolòs

authorship: (Hegetschw.) K.Richt.

Ophrys apifera var. almaracensis

authorship: Pérez-Chisc., Durán Oliva & Gil Llano

Ophrys apifera var. atrofusca

authorship: J.Dierckx, Kreutz, D.Riepe & L.Segers

Ophrys apifera var. aurita

authorship: (Moggr.) Gremli

Ophrys apifera var. austriaca

authorship: (Wiesb. ex Dichtl) Beck

Ophrys apifera var. badensis

authorship: L.Lewis & Kreutz

Ophrys apifera var. basiliensis

authorship: S.Schwegler & Matthies

Ophrys apifera var. belgarum

authorship: Turner Ettl.

Ophrys apifera var. botteronii

authorship: (Chodat) Brand

Ophrys apifera var. brevilabellata

authorship: Kreutz, R.Selig & Zelesny

Ophrys apifera var. broteroi

authorship: Welw. ex Nyman

Ophrys apifera var. chlorantha

authorship: (Hegetschw.) Nyman

Ophrys apifera var. cordatitepala

authorship: Chodat

Ophrys apifera var. emanuelae

authorship: Benigni, Barigelli & Petroselli

Ophrys apifera var. flavescens

authorship: Rosbach

Ophrys apifera var. friburgensis

authorship: Freyhold

Ophrys apifera var. fulvofusca

authorship: M.P.Grasso & Scrugli

Ophrys apifera var. immaculata

authorship: Bréb.

Ophrys apifera var. jenensis

authorship: Voelckel & E.Theel

Ophrys apifera var. jurana

authorship: (Ruppert ex Zimm.) C.Schust.

Ophrys apifera var. laetitiae

authorship: Klaver

Ophrys apifera var. libanotica

authorship: Addam & Bou-Hamdan

Ophrys apifera var. maculata

authorship: Jakely & Könighofer

Ophrys apifera var. muteliae

authorship: Mutel

Ophrys apifera var. olimpiadae

authorship: Ugr. ex E.G.Camus

Ophrys apifera var. patinata

authorship: U.Grabner & Kreutz

Ophrys apifera var. purpurea

authorship: (Tausch) Nyman

Ophrys apifera var. quintianensis

authorship: Berzacola

Ophrys apifera var. renatae

authorship: K.Barbieri, L.Barbieri & Contorni

Ophrys apifera var. saraepontana

authorship: (Ruppert) Soó

Ophrys apifera var. speciosa

authorship: Nyman

Ophrys apifera var. subterrostrunca

authorship: Brot.

Ophrys apifera var. tilaventina

authorship: Nonis & Liverani

Ophrys apifera var. trollii

authorship: (Hegetschw.) Rchb.f.

Ophrys aquisgranensis

authorship: Kaltenb.

Ophrys arachnites

authorship: (L.) Reichard

Ophrys asilifera

authorship: Vayr.

Ophrys austriaca

authorship: Wiesb. ex Dichtl

Ophrys chlorantha

authorship: Hegetschw.

Ophrys epeirophora

authorship: Peter

Ophrys friburgensis

authorship: (Freyhold) O.Nägeli

Ophrys insectifera subsp. apifera

authorship: (Huds.) Moggr.

Ophrys insectifera subsp. arachnites

authorship: (L.) Moggr.

Ophrys insectifera subvar. aurita

authorship: Moggr.

Ophrys insectifera var. arachnites

authorship: L.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL COR CZE DEN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POL POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1964 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: الحاجبية النحلية

names: Офрис пчелоносная

names:
Кома́шник бджолоносний
Офрис бджолоносна

names: דבורנית הדבורה

names: Οφρύς η μελισσοφόρος

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphis fabae
Aporia crataegi
Carduelis citrinella

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: ophrys-atlantica

scientific: Ophrys atlantica

authorship: Munby

epithet: atlantica

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 108 (1856)

Ophrys atlantica subsp. durieui

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Maire & Weiller

Ophrys fusca subsp. atlantica

authorship: (Munby) E.G.Camus

Ophrys fusca subsp. durieui

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Soó

Ophrys fusca var. atlantica

authorship: (Munby) Coss.

codes: ALG MOR TUN SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Spain

code: SPA

region: Southwestern Europe

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names: أوفريس أطلسي

authors: Munby

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 108


slug: ophrys-battandieri

scientific: Ophrys battandieri

epithet: battandieri

published_in: Monogr. Orchid. : 307 (1908)

Ophrys algeriensis

authorship: Kreutz & L.Lewis

Ophrys carpitana

authorship: M.R.Lowe, Gügel & Kreutz

Ophrys fraresiana

authorship: M.R.Lowe, Piera & M.B.Crespo

Ophrys galilaea subsp. murbeckii

authorship: (H.Fleischm.) Del Prete

Ophrys gauthieri subsp. lucronii

authorship: (Benito) F.M.Vázquez

Ophrys grottaparrinoi

authorship: Soca

Ophrys hernandesii

authorship: Gonz.-Muñoz & F.M.Vázquez

Ophrys lucronii

authorship: Benito

Ophrys lutea subsp. battandieri

authorship: (E.G.Camus) Kreutz

Ophrys lutea subsp. funerea

authorship: Batt.

Ophrys lutea subsp. murbeckii

authorship: (H.Fleischm.) Soó

Ophrys lutea subsp. numida

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz

Ophrys numida

authorship: Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys subfusca f. leucadica

authorship: G.Keller & Soó

codes: ALG MOR TUN FRA KRI SIC SPA

France

code: FRA

Kriti

code: KRI

region: Southeastern Europe

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ophrys de Battandier
Ophrys x battandieri

published_in: Monogr. Orchid. 307


slug: ophrys-bertolonii

scientific: Ophrys bertolonii

authorship: Moretti

epithet: bertolonii

published_in: Quibus. Pl. Ital. 6: 9 (1823)

preferred: Bertoloni's Bee Orchid

english:
Bertoloni's Bee Orchid
Bertoloni's bee orchid

Arachnites bertolonii

authorship: (Moretti) Tod.

Arachnites insengae

authorship: Tod.

Ophrys arachnites var. speculum

authorship: Durazzo

Ophrys bertolonii f. parviflora

authorship: (E.G.Camus) Soó

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. dalmatica

authorship: (Murr) Asch. & Graebn.

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. insengae

authorship: (Tod.) K.Richt.

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. landaueri

authorship: (Appel ex Schulze) Asch. & Graebn.

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. romolinii

authorship: (Soca) Véla & R.Martin

Ophrys bertolonii var. dalmatica

authorship: Murr

Ophrys bertolonii var. landaueri

authorship: Appel ex Schulze

Ophrys dalmatica

authorship: (Murr) Soó

Ophrys insectifera subsp. bertolonii

authorship: (Moretti) Moggr.

Ophrys inzengae

authorship: (Tod.) Nyman

Ophrys penedensis

authorship: Kalkhoff

Ophrys speculum

authorship: Bertol.

codes: ALB GRC ITA YUG SIC

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bertoloni's bee orchid
Bertoloni's Bee-orchid

names: Офрис Бертолони

names:
Ophrys de Bertoloni
Ophrys de Bertoloni et apparentés

authors: Moretti

published_in: Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti Dec. 2, 6: 145


slug: ophrys-bombyliflora

scientific: Ophrys bombyliflora

authorship: Link

epithet: bombyliflora

preferred: Bumblebee orchid

Arachnites bombyliflorus

authorship: (Link) Tod.

Ophrys bombylifera

authorship: Willd.

Ophrys bombyliflora f. buccheriana

authorship: De Langhe & D'hose

Ophrys bombyliflora f. parviflora

authorship: Mifsud

Ophrys bombyliflora var. albarranii

authorship: P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna & Gómez-Montbl.

Ophrys bombyliflora var. canariensis

authorship: (G.Kunkel) Hennecke

Ophrys canaliculata

authorship: Viv.

Ophrys disthoma

authorship: Biv.

Ophrys hiulca

authorship: Sebast. & Mauri

Ophrys insectifera var. biflora

authorship: Desf.

Ophrys labrofossa

authorship: Brot.

Ophrys pulla

authorship: Ten.

codes: ALG CNY LBY MOR TUN EAI TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Libya

code: LBY

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ophrys bombyle
Ophrys bombyx

names: اوفريس بومبيليفلورا


slug: ophrys-cretica

scientific: Ophrys cretica

authorship: (Vierh.) E.Nelson

epithet: cretica

published_in: Gestaltw. Artb. Orchid. Eur. Mittelmeerl. : 146 (1962)

Ophrys ariadnae

authorship: Paulus

Ophrys beloniae

authorship: (G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar) Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys cretica f. beloniae

authorship: (G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar) P.Delforge

Ophrys cretica f. bicornuta

authorship: (H.Kretzschmar & R.L.Jahn) P.Delforge

Ophrys cretica subsp. ariadnae

authorship: (Paulus) H.Kretzschmar

Ophrys cretica subsp. beloniae

authorship: G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar

Ophrys cretica subsp. bicornuta

authorship: H.Kretzschmar & R.L.Jahn

Ophrys cretica var. ariadnae

authorship: (Paulus) Hennecke

Ophrys kotschyi subsp. ariadnae

authorship: (Paulus) Faurh.

Ophrys kotschyi subsp. cretica

authorship: (Vierh.) H.Sund.

Ophrys naxensis

authorship: Rech.

Ophrys spruneri f. cretica

authorship: Vierh.

Ophrys spruneri subsp. cretica

authorship: (Vierh.) Renz

authorship: (Soó) Renz

Ophrys spruneri var. cretica

authorship: (Vierh.) Soó

authorship: Soó

codes: EAI GRC KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 322 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Vierh.) E.Nelson

published_in: Gestaltw. Artb. Orchid. Eur. Mittelmeerl. 146


slug: ophrys-ferrum-equinum

scientific: Ophrys ferrum-equinum

authorship: Desf.

epithet: ferrum-equinum

preferred: Horseshoe bee-orchid

Ophrys andracnitis

authorship: Bory & Chaub.

Ophrys argolica subsp. mandalyana

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz

Ophrys corinthiaca

authorship: Hausskn.

Ophrys ferrum-equinum f. anafiensis

authorship: (Biel) P.Delforge

Ophrys ferrum-equinum f. convexa

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) P.Delforge

Ophrys ferrum-equinum f. labiosa

authorship: (Kreutz) P.Delforge

Ophrys ferrum-equinum f. parnassica

authorship: (Vierh.) P.Delforge

Ophrys ferrum-equinum f. subtriloba

authorship: Hayek

Ophrys ferrum-equinum subsp. convexa

authorship: B.Baumann & H.Baumann

Ophrys ferrum-equinum subsp. labiosa

authorship: (Kreutz) Kreutz

Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. anafiensis

authorship: Biel

name: Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. gottfriediana

authorship: (Renz) Biel

Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. labiosa

authorship: (Kreutz) Hennecke

name: Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. pseudogottfriediana

Ophrys ferrumequinum var. mavromata

authorship: (A.Alibertis & Triantafyll.) Hennecke

Ophrys gottfriediana

authorship: Renz

Ophrys labiosa

authorship: Kreutz

Ophrys mavromata

authorship: A.Alibertis & Triantafyll.

Ophrys spruneri subsp. gottfriediana

authorship: (Renz) Soó

codes: EAI TUR ALB GRC

names:
Horseshoe bee-orchid
Horseshoe Orchid

names: Офрис подковоносная

names: Hufeisen-Ragwurz Hufeisenragwurz

authors: Desf.

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. x: 226. t. 15


slug: ophrys-flavicans

scientific: Ophrys flavicans

authorship: Vis.

epithet: flavicans

Ophrys azurea

authorship: H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys benacensis

authorship: (Reisigl) O.Danesch, E.Danesch & Ehrend.

Ophrys benacensis var. drumana

authorship: (P.Delforge) Hennecke

Ophrys bertolonii f. explanata

authorship: (Lojac.) Soó

Ophrys bertolonii f. triloba

authorship: (Renz) Soca

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. aurelia

authorship: (P.Delforge, Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. balearica

authorship: (P.Delforge) L.Sáez & Rosselló

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. benacensis

authorship: (Reisigl) P.Delforge

name: Ophrys bertolonii subsp. bertoloniiformis

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) H.Sund.

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. catalaunica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Soca

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. drumana

authorship: (P.Delforge) Kreutz

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. explanata

authorship: (Lojac.) Soca

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. flavicans

authorship: (Vis.) K.Richt.

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. magniflora

authorship: (Geniez & Melki) Soca

Ophrys bertolonii subsp. saratoi

authorship: (E.G.Camus) Soca

Ophrys bertolonii var. bertoloniiformis

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Balayer

Ophrys bertolonii var. bilineata

authorship: Barla

Ophrys bertolonii var. catalaunica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) D.Tyteca & B.Tyteca

Ophrys bertolonii var. explanata

authorship: Lojac.

Ophrys bertolonii var. ferrequinoides

authorship: Balayer

Ophrys bertoloniiformis

authorship: O.Danesch & E.Danesch

name: Ophrys bertoloniiformis subsp. benacensis

authorship: Reisigl

name: Ophrys bertoloniiformis subsp. explanata

authorship: (Lojac.) Hennecke & S.Munzinger

Ophrys bilineata

authorship: (Barla) Fiori & Paol.

Ophrys catalaunica f. magniflora

authorship: (Geniez & Melki) P.Delforge

Ophrys couloniana

authorship: P.Delforge & C.Delforge

Ophrys disjecta

authorship: Murr

Ophrys explanata

authorship: (Lojac.) P.Delforge

Ophrys fucinis

authorship: Soca

Ophrys magniflora

authorship: Geniez & Melki

Ophrys melitensis

authorship: (Salk.) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys montserratensis

authorship: Cadevall

Ophrys picta f. montserratensis

authorship: (Cadevall) Soó

name: Ophrys pseudobertolonii subsp. bertoloniiformis

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) H.Baumann & Künkele

name: Ophrys pseudobertolonii subsp. catalaunica

Ophrys pseudobertolonii var. aurelia

authorship: (P.Delforge, Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Hennecke & S.Munzinger

Ophrys pseudobertolonii var. benacensis

authorship: (Reisigl) Hennecke & S.Munzinger

Ophrys rosae

authorship: D'Alonzo

Ophrys sandrana

authorship: Benigni, Barigelli & Petroselli

Ophrys saratoi subsp. benacensis

authorship: (Reisigl) Del Prete

Ophrys saratoi subsp. gelmii

authorship: (Murr) H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys sphegodes subsp. melitensis

authorship: Salk.

Ophrys tarentina

authorship: Gölz & H.R.Reinhard

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. flavicans

authorship: (Vis.) Nyman

codes: BAL FRA ITA YUG SIC SPA

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: ophrys-fusca

scientific: Ophrys fusca

authorship: Link

epithet: fusca

preferred: Dark bee orchid

Arachnites fusca

authorship: (Link) Tod.

Arachnites pallida

authorship: (Raf.) Tod.

Ophrys africana

authorship: G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche

Ophrys akhdarensis

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) P.Delforge

Ophrys aranifera subsp. moesziana

authorship: Soó

Ophrys attaviria

authorship: D.Rückbr., U.Rückbr., Wenker & S.Wenker

Ophrys attaviria f. eptapigiensis

authorship: (Paulus) P.Delforge

Ophrys attaviria f. thracica

authorship: (Kreutz) P.Delforge

Ophrys attaviria subsp. cesmeensis

authorship: Kreutz

Ophrys bilunulata

authorship: Risso

Ophrys bilunulata subsp. caesiella

authorship: (P.Delforge) Paulus

Ophrys bilunulata subsp. kalirachiensis

authorship: Paulus, M.Hirth & Dimadis

Ophrys bilunulata subsp. punctulata

authorship: (Renz) Paulus

name: Ophrys bilunulata subsp. sancti-isidorii

authorship: (A.Saliaris, Saliaris & A.Alibertis) Paulus

Ophrys bilunulata subsp. subfusca

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Paulus

Ophrys blitopertha

authorship: Paulus & Gack

Ophrys calocaerina

authorship: Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys clara

authorship: F.M.Vázquez & S.Ramos

Ophrys creberrima

authorship: Paulus

Ophrys decembris

authorship: S.Moingeon & J.-M.Moingeon

Ophrys dianica

authorship: M.R.Lowe, J.Piera, M.B.Crespo & J.E.Arnold

Ophrys eleonorae subsp. hospitalis

authorship: (P.Delforge) Hennecke

Ophrys eleonorae subsp. limensis

authorship: (F.M.Vázquez) Hennecke

Ophrys fabrella

authorship: Paulus & Ayasse ex P.Delforge

Ophrys fenarolii

authorship: Ferlan

Ophrys ficuzzana

authorship: H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys forestieri

authorship: Lojac.

Ophrys forestieri subsp. laureotica

authorship: (Kalog., Delipetrou & A.Alibertis) Paulus

Ophrys funerea

authorship: Viv.

Ophrys fusca f. forestieri

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Soó

Ophrys fusca f. funerea

authorship: (Viv.) Bolzon

Ophrys fusca f. iricolor

authorship: (Desf.) Soó

Ophrys fusca subsp. akhdarensis

authorship: B.Baumann & H.Baumann

Ophrys fusca subsp. arnoldii

authorship: (P.Delforge) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. attaviria

authorship: (D.Rückbr., U.Rückbr., Wenker & S.Wenker) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. bilunulata

authorship: (Risso) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. calocaerina

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. cesmeensis

authorship: (Kreutz) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. clara

authorship: (F.M.Vázquez & S.Ramos) F.M.Vázquez

Ophrys fusca subsp. creberrima

authorship: (Paulus) H.Kretzschmar

Ophrys fusca subsp. eptapigiensis

authorship: (Paulus) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. fabrella

authorship: (Paulus & Ayasse ex P.Delforge) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. forestieri

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. laureotica

authorship: Kalog., Delipetrou & A.Alibertis

Ophrys fusca subsp. leucadica

authorship: (Renz) H.Kretzschmar

Ophrys fusca subsp. lucana

authorship: (P.Delforge, Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. marmorata

authorship: (G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. minima

authorship: Balayer

Ophrys fusca subsp. obaesa

authorship: (Lojac.) E.G.Camus & A.Camus

authorship: (Lojac.) E.G.Camus

Ophrys fusca subsp. ortuabis

authorship: (M.P.Grasso & Manca) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. pectus

authorship: (Mutel) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. peraiolae

authorship: (G.Foelsche, W.Foelsche, M.Gerbaud & O.Gerbaud) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. phaseliana

authorship: (D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. proxima

authorship: (C.E.Hermos., Benito & Soca) F.M.Vázquez

Ophrys fusca subsp. sabulosa

authorship: (Paulus & Gack ex P.Delforge) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca subsp. sancti-isidorii

authorship: A.Saliaris, Saliaris & A.Alibertis

Ophrys fusca var. iricolor

authorship: (Desf.) Rchb.

Ophrys fusca var. pallida

authorship: (Raf.) Rchb.f.

Ophrys fusca var. subfusca

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Rchb.

Ophrys gauthieri subsp. fenarolii

authorship: (Ferlan) H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys intermedia

authorship: Tineo ex Lojac.

Ophrys iricolor subsp. eleonorae

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Paulus & Gack

Ophrys iricolor subsp. mesaritica

authorship: (Paulus, C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) Kreutz

Ophrys iricolor var. mesaritica

authorship: (Paulus, C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) Hennecke

Ophrys japigiae

authorship: Turco, D'Emerico, Dura, Gennaio & Medagli

Ophrys maghrebiaca

authorship: (Kreutz, Rebbas, Babali, Miara & Ait-Hamm.) P.Delforge

Ophrys sancti-isidorii

authorship: (A.Saliaris, Saliaris & A.Alibertis) P.Delforge

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2094 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ophrys brun, Ophrys des Lupercales, Ophrys de Forestier