slug: veratrum-fimbriatum

scientific: Veratrum fimbriatum

epithet: fimbriatum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 391 (1868)

preferred: fringed false hellebore

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 621 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
fringed false hellebore
fringe false hellobore

label: Life form

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vii. (1868) 391


slug: veratrum-formosanum

scientific: Veratrum formosanum

genus: Veratrum

epithet: formosanum

family: Melanthiaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 68: 142 (1926)

Veratrum formosanum f. albiflorum

authorship: (Masam.) Masam.

Veratrum formosanum var. albiflorum

authorship: Masam.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

Taiwan

code: TAI

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Eastern Asia

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 476 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names: 臺灣藜蘆 台湾藜芦

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

category: Form and habit

value: geophyte

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

published_in: Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 68: 142. 1926; et in Fedde, Repert. 24: 71. 1927

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: veratrum-insolitum

scientific: Veratrum insolitum

authorship: Jeps.

epithet: insolitum

preferred: Siskiyou false hellebore

source: wikidata

codes: CAL ORE WAS

California

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Siskiyou false hellebore
Siskiyou false-hellebore

label: Growth habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Jeps.

published_in: Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 266

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: phenology

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: veratrum-lobelianum

scientific: Veratrum lobelianum

authorship: Bernh.

epithet: lobelianum

Veratrum album f. lobelianum

authorship: (Bernh.) Rchb.

Veratrum album prol. lobelianum

authorship: (Bernh.) Rouy

Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum

authorship: (Bernh.) Schübl. & G.Martens

Veratrum album unranked virescens

authorship: Gaudin

Veratrum album var. lobelianum

authorship: Koch

authorship: (Bernh.) Nyman

authorship: (Bernh.) Trevir.

Veratrum lobelianum var. obtusum

authorship: Zapał.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA IRK KAZ KHA KGZ KRA MON NCS PRM TCS TVA WSB CHX YAK AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FIN GER GRC ITA YUG RUN RUW NOR POL SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

code: AUT

continent: EUROPE

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

region: Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1969 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: Чемерица Лобеля

names:
Чемериця Лобелієва
Чемериця зеленоцвіта

names: Чамярыца Лабеля


slug: veratrum-maackii

scientific: Veratrum maackii

authorship: Regel

epithet: maackii

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 154 (1861)

Veratrum album var. parviflorum

authorship: Maxim. ex Miq.

Veratrum bohnhofii var. latifolium

authorship: Nakai

Veratrum japonicum

authorship: (Baker) O.Loes.

Veratrum japonicum var. reymondianum

authorship: (O.Loes.) O.Loes.

name: Veratrum longibracteatum var. atropurpureum

authorship: Honda

Veratrum maackii f. japonicum

authorship: (Baker) H.Hara

Veratrum maackii f. macranthum

authorship: (O.Loes.) T.Shimizu

Veratrum maackii f. polyphyllum

authorship: (Nakai) Honda

Veratrum maackii subsp. japonicum

authorship: (Baker) Zimm.

Veratrum maackii subsp. maackioides

authorship: (O.Loes.) Zimm.

Veratrum maackii var. japonicum

authorship: (Baker) T.Shimizu

Veratrum maackii var. latifolium

authorship: (Nakai) M.Kim

Veratrum maackii var. maackioides

authorship: (O.Loes.) H.Hara

Veratrum maackii var. macranthum

authorship: (O.Loes.) Nakai

Veratrum maximowiczii

authorship: Baker

name: Veratrum maximowiczii var. angustipetalum

Veratrum nigrum subsp. maackii

authorship: (Regel) Kitam.

Veratrum nigrum var. maackii

authorship: (Regel) Maxim.

Veratrum nigrum var. parviflorum

authorship: (Maxim. ex Miq.) Kitam.

Veratrum versicolor f. coreanum

authorship: (O.Loes.) M.Kim & H.Jo

Zigadenus japonicus

authorship: Miq.

codes: AMU CHN CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM SAK

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 藜芦 毛穗藜芦

names: Чемерица Маака

names: シュロソウ シュロソウ（広義）

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Didea alneti
Eumea
Herpestes
Hoplismenus
Meigenia
Sitarea vibrissata

label: Height

category: Size

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. iv. (1861) IV. 154

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: veratrum-nigrum

scientific: Veratrum nigrum

authorship: L.

epithet: nigrum

preferred: black false hellebore

english:
black false hellebore
false hellebore

Helonias nigra

authorship: (L.) Ker Gawl.

Melanthium nigrum

authorship: (L.) Thunb.

Veratrum bracteatum

authorship: Batalin

Veratrum nigrum subsp. ussuriense

authorship: (O.Loes.) Vorosch.

Veratrum nigrum var. microcarpum

authorship: Loes.

Veratrum purpureum

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KOR KRA CHM MON PRM TVA WSB ALB AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China South-Central

code: CHC

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Hungary

code: HUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1668 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Чемерица черная
Чемерица чёрная

names: Чемериця чорна

names: Црна чемерика

partners:
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aphis fabae
Aphis veratri
Didea alneti
Eupithecia cretaceata
Harmonia axyridis
Meliscaeva cinctella
Ursus arctos


slug: veratrum-oxysepalum

scientific: Veratrum oxysepalum

authorship: Turcz.

epithet: oxysepalum

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13: 79 (1840)

preferred: white false hellebore

Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum

authorship: (Turcz.) Hultén

Veratrum album var. oxysepalum

authorship: (Turcz.) Miyabe & Kudô

Veratrum alpestre

authorship: Nakai

codes: AMU BRY CTA IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM PRM SAK YAK ASK

Amur

code: AMU

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 722 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
white false hellebore
East Asian white false-hellebore

names: 尖被藜芦 光脉藜芦

names:
Чемерица остродольная
Чемерица остродольчатая

names: バイケイソウ ミヤマバイケイソウ

partners:
Anaspis funagata
Cheilosia
Empis flavofasalis
Episyrphus balteatus
Harmonia axyridis
Leptura arcuata
Meliscaeva cinctella
Nakanea vicaria

value: 1 m

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(1): 79

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: veratrum-schindleri

scientific: Veratrum schindleri

epithet: schindleri

published_in: Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 68: 139 (1926)

Veratrum maackii var. japonicum

authorship: (L.) Shimizu

codes: CHC CHS

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 藜芦 牯岭藜芦

published_in: Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 68: 139. 1926; et in Fedde, Repert. 24: 67. 1927

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: veratrum-stamineum

scientific: Veratrum stamineum

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: stamineum

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 15: 230 (1870)

Veratrum stamineum f. lasiophyllum

authorship: (Nakai) T.Shimizu

Veratrum stamineum var. micranthum

authorship: Satake

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: コバイケイソウ ミカワバイケイソウ

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xv. (1871) 230

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: veratrum-viride

scientific: Veratrum viride

authorship: Aiton

epithet: viride

preferred: green false hellebore

english:
green false hellebore
False Hellebore

source: inat

Helonias viridis

authorship: (Aiton) Ker Gawl.

Veratrum album f. viride

authorship: (Aiton) Regel

Veratrum eschscholtzianum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) O.Loes.

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) Rydb.

name: Veratrum eschscholtzii var. incriminatum

name: Veratrum lobelianum var. eschscholzianum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Veratrum viride subsp. eschscholtzii

authorship: (A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL CNT DEL GEO IDA LAB MAI MRY MAS MNT NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NWT OHI ORE PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WAS WVA YUK

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Montana

code: MNT

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Ohio

code: OHI

Oregon

code: ORE

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Veratrine

activities: Analgesic Counterirritant Emetic Mucoirritant Parasiticide Pediculicide Pesticide Ruminatoric

Acetic-acid

activities: Acidulant Antibacterial Antiotitic Antisalmonella Antivaginitic Expectorant Fungicide Keratitigenic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

partners:
Analeptura lineola
Camponotus
Cyrtophorus verrucosus
Limenitis archippus archippus
Imatisma bautias
Mallota bautias

partners:
Coccinella septempunctata
Sericomyia chalcopyga

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: verbascum-antilibanoticum

scientific: Verbascum antilibanoticum

genus: Verbascum

epithet: antilibanoticum

family: Scrophulariaceae

published_in: Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 3(3): 208 (1980)

Celsia alpina

authorship: Boiss. & Kotschy

Verbascum alpinum

authorship: (Boiss. & Kotschy) Kuntze

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

region: Western Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum
Lepidargyrus ancorifer
Megachile pilidens
Melanostoma scalare

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Amauromyza verbasci
Apolygus spinolae
Aporophyla nigra
Apterona helicoidella
Apteropeda orbiculata
Beosus maritimus

value: hemicryptophyte

value: variable

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: May-Jul

published_in: in P. Mouterde, Nouv. Fl. Liban & Syrie 3(3): 208, nom

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-arcturus

scientific: Verbascum arcturus

authorship: L.

epithet: arcturus

Celsia arcturus

authorship: Jacq.

Celsia brassicifolia

authorship: (Crantz) Mariz

Celsia horizontalis

authorship: Moench

Verbascum amoenum

authorship: Salisb.

Verbascum brassicifolium

authorship: Crantz

Kriti

code: KRI

lifeform: perennial

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 118 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк медвежий хвост

names:
/
Molène queue-d’ours

authors: L.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-betonicifolium

scientific: Verbascum betonicifolium

authorship: (Desf.) Desf.

epithet: betonicifolium

Celsia betonicifolia

authorship: Desf.

Ditoxia betonicifolia

authorship: (Desf.) Raf.

Verbascum fontanesii

authorship: Benedí

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

authors: Desf.

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. xi. (1808) 54

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: verbascum-blattaria

scientific: Verbascum blattaria

epithet: blattaria

preferred: moth mullein

english:
moth mullein
Moth Mullein

Blattaria vulgaris

authorship: Fourr.

Thapsus blattaria

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Verbascum blattaria f. albiflorum

authorship: (G.Don) House

Verbascum blattaria subsp. repandum

authorship: (Willd.) Arcang.

Verbascum blattaria var. albiflorum

authorship: Kuntze

name: Verbascum blattaria var. brevipedicellatum

authorship: Halácsy

Verbascum blattaria var. crenatum

authorship: Rouy

Verbascum blattaria var. incarnatum

authorship: Regel

Verbascum blattaria var. majus

authorship: Gaudin

name: Verbascum blattaria var. subintegerrimum

Verbascum blattariforme

authorship: Griseb.

Verbascum carduifolium

authorship: Murb.

authorship: Murb. ex Hayek

Verbascum caucasicum

authorship: Fisch.

Verbascum claytonii

authorship: Michx.

Verbascum glabrum

authorship: Mill.

Verbascum leptophyllum

authorship: Bubani

Verbascum nitidum

authorship: Stokes

Verbascum ramosissimum

authorship: J.Lloyd ex Boreau

Verbascum repandum

authorship: Willd.

Verbascum rhinanthifolium

authorship: Davidov

Verbascum virgatum

authorship: Spreng.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN AFG ALT CYP EAI IRN KAZ KGZ LBS NCS TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB CHX ALB AUT BGM BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUW POL ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Albania

code: ALB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2029 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк тараканий

names: گل ماهور مواج

names: Дивина тарганяча

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis tenax
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum
Lepidargyrus ancorifer
Megachile pilidens

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Apis mellifera
Bombus borealis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vosnesenskii
Dialictus
Toxomerus marginatus
Andrena florivaga

partners:
Helicoverpa armigera
Acanthis flammea
Acherontia atropos
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amauromyza verbasci


slug: verbascum-boerhavii

scientific: Verbascum boerhavii

authorship: L.

epithet: boerhavii

Celsia barnadesii subsp. floccosa

authorship: Porta ex Gand.

Celsia floccosa

authorship: Porta

Lychnitis boerhavii

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Verbascum bicolor

authorship: Badarò

Verbascum boerhavii f. bicolor

authorship: (Badarò) Murb.

Verbascum boerhavii var. knochei

authorship: Benedí, Orell & J.J.Orell

name: Verbascum boerhavii var. longebracteatum

authorship: Willk.

Verbascum boerhavii var. portae

authorship: (Willk.) Knoche

Verbascum elongatum

authorship: Moench

Verbascum maiale var. bicolor

authorship: (Badarò) Rouy

Verbascum majale

authorship: DC.

Verbascum majale var. bicolor

authorship: (Badaro) Rouy

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: BAL COR FRA ITA SPA

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 729 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк Бурхаве

names:
Molène de Boerhaave
Molène de Boerhaave, Molène de mai

value: biennial


slug: verbascum-bombyciferum

scientific: Verbascum bombyciferum

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: bombyciferum

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 52 (1844)

names:
Broussa Mullein
Turkish mullein

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 52


slug: verbascum-chaixii

scientific: Verbascum chaixii

authorship: Vill.

epithet: chaixii

published_in: Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné : 22 (1779)

preferred: nettle-leaf mullein

Verbascum austriacum

authorship: Schott ex Roem. & Schult.

authorship: Schott

Verbascum chaixii subsp. laxum

authorship: (Fil. & Jáv.) Ivanina

Verbascum laxum

authorship: Fil. & Jáv.

Verbascum marschallianum

authorship: Ivanina & Tzvelev

codes: KAZ KGZ NCS TCS CHX AUT BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL ROM SIC RUS SPA SWI UKR

Kazakhstan

region: Central Asia

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

South European Russia

code: RUS

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1678 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
nettle-leaf mullein
Nettle-leaved Mullein

names: 疏毛毛蕊花 東方毛蕊花

names: بوصير قراصي الأوراق

names:
Коровяк Шэ
Коровяк восточный

names:
Chaix' Koenigskerze
Chaix' Königskerze

names:
Molene de Chaix
Molène de Chaix

names:
franskt kungsljus
orientkungsljus

names: kynttilätulikukka ranskantulikukka

names:
pannog dail danadl
Pannog Danadl Ddail

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum
Lepidargyrus ancorifer

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus lucorum
Eupeodes bucculatus
Lapposyrphus lapponicus
Sphaerophoria scripta
Syrphus torvus

partners:
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Amauromyza verbasci
Apolygus spinolae
Aporophyla nigra
Apterona helicoidella
Apteropeda orbiculata
Asphondylia verbasci


slug: verbascum-coromandelianum

scientific: Verbascum coromandelianum

authorship: (Vahl) Hub.-Mor.

epithet: coromandelianum

Celsia chinensis

authorship: (L.) Druce

Celsia coromandeliana

authorship: Vahl

Celsia coromandelina

authorship: J.Koenig ex Rottb.

Celsia viscosa

authorship: Roth

Scrophularia chinensis

authorship: L.

Verbascum celsioides

authorship: Benth.

Verbascum chinense

authorship: (L.) Santapau

name: Verbascum coromandelianum subsp. sinense

authorship: (H.Lév. & Giraudias) McKean

Verbascum coromandelicum

authorship: Kuntze

Verbascum sinense

authorship: H.Lév. & Giraudias

codes: AFG CHC CHS BAN CBD IND LAO MYA NEP PAK SRL THA WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: annual or biennial

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

authors: (Vahl) Hub.-Mor.

published_in: Bauhinia 5(1): 11

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-creticum

scientific: Verbascum creticum

authorship: (L.) Cav.

epithet: creticum

published_in: Elench. Pl. Horti Matr. : 39 (1803)

Celsia australis

authorship: Anon.

Celsia cretica f. pallescens

authorship: Maire

Celsia cretica subsp. balearica

authorship: Gand. ex Gand.

Celsia laciniata

authorship: Coss. ex Ball

Celsia lyrata

authorship: (Lam.) G.Don

Ditoxia cretica

authorship: (L.) Raf. ex Desv.

Ditoxia lyrata

authorship: (Lam.) Raf.

Thapsandra cretica

authorship: (L.) Griseb.

Verbascum erosum

authorship: Lag.

Verbascum lyratum

authorship: Lam.

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

value: 2 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Flower colour

value: red


slug: verbascum-densiflorum

scientific: Verbascum densiflorum

authorship: Bertol.

epithet: densiflorum

preferred: denseflower mullein

english:
denseflower mullein
denseflowered mullein

Verbascum bicolle

authorship: Schrank

Verbascum cuspidatum

authorship: Schrad.

Verbascum floccosum var. gymnostemon

authorship: (Franch.) Rouy

Verbascum macrantherum

authorship: Halácsy

Verbascum messanense

authorship: Tineo

Verbascum phlomoides subsp. thapsiforme

authorship: Rouy

authorship: (Schrad.) Čelak.

Verbascum phlomoides var. cuspidatum

authorship: (Schrad.) Wirtg.

authorship: (Schrad.) Alef.

Verbascum phlomoides var. gymnostemon

authorship: Franch.

Verbascum phlomoides var. thapsiforme

authorship: (Schrad.) P.Fourn.

Verbascum thapsiforme subsp. cuspidatum

authorship: (Schrad.) Arcang.

name: Verbascum thapsiforme subsp. densiflorum

authorship: (Bertol.) Nyman

Verbascum thapsiforme var. bicolle

authorship: (Schrank) Gaudin

Verbascum thapsiforme var. laxum

authorship: Klett & Richt.

Verbascum thapsiforme var. thapsonigrum

authorship: Gaudin

Verbascum thapsus var. thapsiforme

authorship: (Schrad.) Wahlenb.

Verbascum velenovskyi

authorship: Horák

codes: NCS ALB AUT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN FRA GER GRC ITA KRY YUG NET POL ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Sweden

code: SWE

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1708 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк густоцветковый

names:
Dichtblütige Königskerze
Großblütige Königskerze

names:
faux bouillon blanc
Molene a fleurs denses

names:
Verbasco falso barbasco
Verbasco falso barbasso

names: Дивина густоквіткова

names: Дивизма крупноцветна

partners:
Episyrphus balteatus
Sphaerophoria scripta
Syritta pipiens
Andrena dorsata
Andrena florivaga
Apis mellifera
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Micantulina stigmatipennis
Acanthis flammea
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amauromyza verbasci
Anas platyrhynchos


slug: verbascum-gnaphalodes

scientific: Verbascum gnaphalodes

epithet: gnaphalodes

Verbascum abieticola var. trojanum

authorship: Murb.

Verbascum balansae

authorship: Bornm.

Verbascum eriorrhabdon var. balansae

authorship: (Bornm.) Murb.

Verbascum stevenii

authorship: Schrad.

codes: TUR KRY TUE

Türkiye

code: TUR

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 275 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: коровяк черноморский

names: Дивина сухоцвітоподібна

value: Jun-Jul

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 152

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-lanatum

scientific: Verbascum lanatum

epithet: lanatum

published_in: Monogr. Verbasci 2: 28 (1823)

Verbascum alpinum

authorship: Turra

Verbascum hinkei

authorship: Friv.

codes: AUT BUL GRC ITA YUG ROM UKR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Ukraine

code: UKR

authors: Schrad.

published_in: Monog. Verb. ii. 28. t. 2. f. 1


slug: verbascum-lasianthum

scientific: Verbascum lasianthum

authorship: Boiss. ex Benth.

epithet: lasianthum

Verbascum aphyllopodum

authorship: Freyn

Verbascum brevidens

authorship: Benth.

Verbascum caudatum

authorship: Post

Verbascum myconium

authorship: Heldr.

Verbascum ringens

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

codes: EAI LBS TUR GRC

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

authors: Boiss. ex Benth.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-levanticum

scientific: Verbascum levanticum

epithet: levanticum

Celsia glandulosa

authorship: Bouché

Verbascum glandulosum

authorship: (Bouché) Kuntze

codes: CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR

Cyprus

code: CYP

Palestine

code: PAL

lifeform: annual, biennial or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк левантийский

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus terrestris
Halictidae
Lasioglossum morio
Melanostoma

value: therophyte

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-litigiosum

scientific: Verbascum litigiosum

authorship: Samp.

epithet: litigiosum

Verbascum crassifolium

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Verbascum thapsus subsp. litigiosum

authorship: (Samp.) A.Galán & Vicente Orell.

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Cachapeiro-do-Oeste Verbasco-das-areias

value: Aug-Sep

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Samp.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-lychnitis

scientific: Verbascum lychnitis

authorship: L.

epithet: lychnitis

preferred: white mullein

Blattaria alba

authorship: Medik.

Lychnitis alba

authorship: Fourr.

Thapsus lychnitis

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Verbascum album

authorship: Mill.

Verbascum biebersteinii

authorship: Besser

Verbascum bracteatum

authorship: J.Presl & C.Presl

Verbascum firmum

authorship: Dulac

Verbascum leucanthemum

authorship: Dufour ex Gren. & Godr.

Verbascum lychnitis f. album

authorship: House

Verbascum lychnitis f. cuspidata

authorship: H.Lindb. ex Cajander

Verbascum lychnitis f. rochelianum

authorship: Soó

Verbascum lychnitis subvar. albiflorum

authorship: Rouy

Verbascum lychnitis var. album

authorship: (Mill.) Hartm.

authorship: Mérat

Verbascum lychnitis var. foliosum

authorship: Vayr.

Verbascum lychnitis var. giganteum

authorship: Maire

Verbascum lychnitis var. gymnostemon

authorship: Franch.

name: Verbascum lychnitis var. longebracteatum

name: Verbascum lychnitis var. longibracteatum

Verbascum lychnitis var. luteum

authorship: Hartm.

Verbascum lychnitis var. moenchii

authorship: (Schultz) Boenn.

Verbascum lychnitis var. parvulum

authorship: Bréb.

Verbascum lychnitis var. pulverulentum

authorship: Lej.

Verbascum micranthum

authorship: Moretti

Verbascum moenchii

authorship: Schultz

Verbascum parvoflore

authorship: Gilib.

Verbascum pulverulentum

authorship: Salisb.

Verbascum ramosissimum

authorship: Poir.

Verbascum repandum

authorship: Rochel

Verbascum rhombifolium

authorship: Stokes

Verbascum sylvestre

authorship: Bubani

Verbascum weldenii

authorship: F.Braun ex Moretti

Veronica biebersteinii

authorship: (Besser) Hassk.

codes: MOR ALT KAZ NCS TCS WSB ALB AUT BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET POL ROM RUS SPA SWI UKR

Morocco

code: MOR

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2047 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Коровяк метельчатый
Коровяк мучнистый

partners:
Andrena aeneiventris
Andrena florivaga
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum
Lepidargyrus ancorifer

partners:
Emelyanoviana mollicula
Acanthis flammea
Acherontia atropos
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amauromyza verbasci

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: verbascum-macrurum

scientific: Verbascum macrurum

authorship: Ten.

epithet: macrurum

published_in: Fl. Neapol. Prodr. App. 5 : 9 (1826)

codes: ALB GRC ITA KRI YUG SIC TUE

Albania

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк длиннохвостый

authors: Ten.

published_in: Fl. Neapol. Prodr. App. 5: 9

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-maroccanum

scientific: Verbascum maroccanum

authorship: (Ball) Hub.-Mor.

epithet: maroccanum

Celsia maroccana

authorship: Ball

Celsia maroccana f. lanuginosa

authorship: Maire

Morocco

code: MOR

authors: (Ball) Hub.-Mor.

published_in: Bauhinia 5(1): 13

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: verbascum-maurum

scientific: Verbascum maurum

authorship: Maire & Murb.

epithet: maurum

codes: ALG MOR

Algeria

code: ALG

authors: Maire & Murb.

published_in: Acta Univ. Lund. n.s., xix. No. 1, 35 (1923)


slug: verbascum-nigrum

scientific: Verbascum nigrum

authorship: L.

epithet: nigrum

preferred: Dark Mullein

english:
Dark Mullein
black mullein
dark mullein

Lychnitis nigra

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Thapsus nigrum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Verbascum abietinum

authorship: Borbás

Verbascum alopecurus

authorship: Thuill.

Verbascum barthii

authorship: Schur ex Nyman

Verbascum borisii-regis

authorship: Murb.

Verbascum bornmuelleri

authorship: Velen.

Verbascum chaixii var. urticifolium

authorship: (Lam.) Rouy

Verbascum dentatum

authorship: Lapeyr.

Verbascum gallicum

authorship: Willd.

Verbascum grisebachianum

authorship: Borbás ex Nyman

Verbascum humile

authorship: Bernh. ex Steud.

Verbascum lyratum

authorship: Pourr. ex Nyman

Verbascum minutiflorum

authorship: Stef.

Verbascum monspessulanum

authorship: Pers.

Verbascum nigrum f. leucerion

authorship: Grütter

Verbascum nigrum subsp. alopecuros

authorship: (Thuill.) Schübl. & G.Martens

Verbascum nigrum var. alopecurus

authorship: (Thuill.) Dumort.

Verbascum nigrum var. amplectens

authorship: Hartm.

Verbascum nigrum var. cuspidatum

authorship: Krok

Verbascum nigrum var. gymnostemon

authorship: DC.

Verbascum nigrum var. parisiense

authorship: (Thuill.) Mérat

Verbascum nigrum var. tomentosum

authorship: Bab.

Verbascum nitidum var. alopecuros

authorship: Wirtg.

Verbascum nitidum var. thyrsoideum

authorship: (Host) Rouy

Verbascum orchideum

authorship: Host

Verbascum orientale

authorship: Friv. ex Griseb.

Verbascum ovatum

authorship: Schrad.

Verbascum pseudonigrum

authorship: Bogenh.

Verbascum ruderale

authorship: Pfeiff.

Verbascum urticifolium

authorship: Lam.

Verbascum vernale

authorship: Wierzb. ex Rochel

Verbascum wierzbickii

authorship: Heuff.

codes: ALT KRA WSB ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baleares

code: BAL

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Denmark

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1967 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus hypnorum
Melanostoma scalare
Sphaerophoria scripta
Andrena bicolor
Andrena dorsata
Andrena florivaga
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Andrena bicolor
Andrena dorsata
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus ternarius
Toxomerus marginatus
Andrena florivaga
Apis mellifera

partners:
Cosmopepla lintneriana
Eristalis tenax
Tenthredo scrophulariae

partners:
Cionus nigritarsis
Cionus scrophulariae
Dolycoris baccarum
Tenthredo scrophulariae
Acanthis flammea
Acherontia atropos
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius

partners:
Aprostocetus westwoodii
Leveillula verbasci
Pnigalio pectinicornis


slug: verbascum-olympicum

scientific: Verbascum olympicum

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: olympicum

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 54 (1844)

preferred: Olympic mullein

Türkiye

code: TUR

names:
Olympic mullein
Greek Mullein

names: Коровяк олимпийский

names: olympkongslys tyrkiakongslys

names: tyrkiakongslys olympkongslys

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 54

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-orientale

scientific: Verbascum orientale

authorship: (L.) All.

epithet: orientale

Celsia brachysepala

authorship: Fisch. & Trautv.

Celsia caduca

authorship: Moench

Celsia lepturus

authorship: Schott & Kotschy

Celsia orientalis

authorship: L.

Verbascum brachysepalum

authorship: (Fisch. & Trautv.) Kuntze

Verbascum elegans

authorship: Salisb.

codes: CYP IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR BUL GRC KRY YUG TUE

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 179 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.) All.

published_in: Fl. Pedem. i. 106


slug: verbascum-ovalifolium

scientific: Verbascum ovalifolium

authorship: Donn ex Sims

epithet: ovalifolium

Verbascum formosum

authorship: Fisch. ex Schrad.

Verbascum nemorosum

authorship: Noë ex Nyman

Verbascum pulchrum

authorship: Velen.

codes: NCS TUR BUL KRY ROM RUS TUE UKR

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 146 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк овальнолистный

names: Дивина овальнолиста

authors: Donn

published_in: Hort. Cantabrig., ed. 4. 42, nomen


slug: verbascum-phlomoides

scientific: Verbascum phlomoides

epithet: phlomoides

preferred: Orange Mullein

english:
Orange Mullein
orange mullein

Flomosia condensata

authorship: Raf.

Flomosia phlomoides

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Thapsus phlomoides

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Verbascum argyrostachyon

authorship: Ten.

Verbascum australe

authorship: Schrad.

Verbascum belasitzae

authorship: Stoj. & Stef.

Verbascum calvescens

authorship: Schur

Verbascum foemina

authorship: Garsault

Verbascum formanekii

authorship: Borbás ex Formánek

Verbascum grandiflorum

authorship: Mill.

Verbascum italicum

authorship: Moric.

Verbascum jernacha

authorship: Hochst. ex Benth.

Verbascum montanum

authorship: Griseb.

Verbascum phlomoides f. eramosum

authorship: Todor & Gergely

Verbascum phlomoides prol. nemorosum

authorship: (Schrad.) Rouy

Verbascum phlomoides subsp. australe

authorship: (Schrad.) Nyman

authorship: Bonnier & Layens

Verbascum phlomoides var. album

authorship: Alef.

Verbascum phlomoides var. australe

authorship: (Schrad.) Dumort.

Verbascum phlomoides var. condensatum

authorship: (Schrad.) Alef.

Verbascum phlomoides var. decurrens

authorship: Rouy

Verbascum phlomoides var. denudatum

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Verbascum phlomoides var. glabrescens

authorship: Zalewski

Verbascum phlomoides var. ramosum

authorship: Freyn & E.Brandis

Verbascum phlomoides var. semidecurrens

authorship: Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Verbascum pulverulentum

authorship: Spreng.

Verbascum rolletianum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Verbascum rugulosum

authorship: Willd.

Verbascum semidecurrens

authorship: Kit. ex Nyman

Verbascum slavonicum

authorship: Kit.

Verbascum thapsiforme subsp. phlomoides

authorship: (L.) Corb.

Verbascum thapsiforme var. condensatum

authorship: (Schrad.) Hartm.

Verbascum thapsoides

authorship: Vill.

Verbascum thapsus var. condensatum

authorship: (Schrad.) Wahlenb.

Verbascum viminale

authorship: Guss.

codes: ALT EAI KAZ NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Filzige Koenigskerze
Filzige Königskerze

names: Molène fausse phlomide, Molène faux phlomis

names: Дивина лікарська

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Bombus terrestris
Coenonympha pamphilus
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis tenax
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Bombus terrestris
Cetonia aurata
Coenonympha pamphilus
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis tenax

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Agrochola lychnidis
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amauromyza verbasci

partners:
Entedon hercyna
Leveillula verbasci
Pteromalus cionobia
Sycophila submutica
Torymus verbasci

partners:
Golovinomyces verbasci
Peronospora verbasci


slug: verbascum-phoeniceum

scientific: Verbascum phoeniceum

authorship: L.

epithet: phoeniceum

preferred: Purple mullein

english:
Purple mullein
purple mullein

Celsia rechingeri

authorship: Murb.

Thapsus pheniceum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Verbascum cisalpinum

authorship: Biroli

Verbascum collinum

authorship: Salisb.

Verbascum cupreum

authorship: Sims

Verbascum ferrugineum

authorship: Andrews

Verbascum phoeniceum var. amplexicaule

authorship: Velen.

Verbascum phoeniceum var. slavchovii

authorship: Velchev & P.Vassil.

Verbascum phoeniceum var. vellerigerum

authorship: Borbás

Verbascum plantaginifolium

authorship: Schur

Verbascum puniceum

authorship: Schrad.

Verbascum triste

authorship: Sm.

codes: ALT IRN KAZ KGZ NCS TCS TUR WSB CHX ALB AUT BUL RUC CZE RUE GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL ROM RUS TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк фиолетовый

names:
Violette Königskerze
Phönizische Königskerze

names: Дивина фіолетова

names: Дивизма крупноцветна

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus
Bombus sylvestris
Andrena florivaga
Bombus terrestris
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae

partners:
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Amauromyza verbasci
Apolygus spinolae
Aporophyla nigra
Apterona helicoidella
Apteropeda orbiculata
Beosus maritimus


slug: verbascum-pinnatifidum

scientific: Verbascum pinnatifidum

authorship: Vahl

epithet: pinnatifidum

Verbascum sinuatum

authorship: Hablitz

codes: EAI NCS TCS TUR GRC KRY TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк перистораздельный

names:
Дивина перистороздільна
Дивина пірчастонадрізана

value: Jun

authors: Vahl

published_in: Symb. Bot. 2: 39


slug: verbascum-pulverulentum

scientific: Verbascum pulverulentum

authorship: Vill.

epithet: pulverulentum

preferred: Hoary Mullein

english:
Hoary Mullein
broad-leaf mullein

Lychnitis pulverulenta

authorship: (Vill.) Fourr.

Thapsus floccosum

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Raf.

Thapsus pulverulentum

authorship: (Vill.) Raf.

Verbascum acutifolium

authorship: Halácsy

Verbascum farinosum

authorship: Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange

Verbascum floccosum

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Verbascum floccosum f. manlevense

authorship: Sennen & Gonzalo

Verbascum floccosum var. heterophyllum

authorship: Rouy

Verbascum haemorrhoidale

authorship: Aiton

Verbascum heterophyllum

authorship: Moretti

Verbascum pulverulentum var. hybridum

authorship: Gaudin

Verbascum pulvinatum

authorship: Thuill.

codes: ALB BGM BUL COR FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI

Albania

code: ALB

Belgium

code: BGM

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

France

code: FRA

Great Britain

code: GRB

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2005 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hoary Mullein
Broad-leaf mullein

names:
Molene pulverulente
Molène pulvérulente

names:
Pannog Blawrwyn
Pannog Lwyd

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus
Lasioglossum calceatum
Lepidargyrus ancorifer
Megachile pilidens
Melanostoma scalare

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Cucullia verbasci
Thomisus onustus

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amauromyza verbasci
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser


slug: verbascum-pyramidatum

scientific: Verbascum pyramidatum

epithet: pyramidatum

Verbascum anatolicum

authorship: Sommier & Levier

Verbascum caucasicum

authorship: Schrad.

Verbascum pyramidale

authorship: M.Bieb. ex Georgi

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR KRY RUS

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 208 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк пирамидальный

names: Дивина пірамідальна

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 161


slug: verbascum-rotundifolium

scientific: Verbascum rotundifolium

authorship: Ten.

epithet: rotundifolium

Verbascum haenseleri

authorship: Boiss.

Verbascum haenseleri var. hieronymi

authorship: Pau & Sennen

Verbascum kabylianum

authorship: Debeaux

Verbascum latesulcatifolium

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Verbascum numidicum

authorship: Pomel

name: Verbascum rotundifolium subsp. castellanum

authorship: Murb.

name: Verbascum rotundifolium subsp. ripacurcicum

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Verbascum rotundifolium var. castellorum

authorship: Maire

Verbascum rotundifolium var. kabylianum

authorship: (Debeaux) Murb.

Verbascum rotundifolium var. numidicum

authorship: (Pomel) Murb.

name: Verbascum rotundifolium var. ripacurcicum

authorship: (O.Bolòs & Vigo) Romo

codes: ALG MOR TUN ITA SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Napol. p. lxvi

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbascum-salgirensis

scientific: Verbascum salgirensis

authorship: Soldano

epithet: salgirensis

published_in: Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 131: 254 (1991)

Verbascum spectabile var. cordatum

authorship: Avé-Lall.

codes: NCS TCS TUR KRY

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 79 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Soldano

published_in: Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 131(15): 254 (1991), nom. nov.:


slug: verbascum-simplex

scientific: Verbascum simplex

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

epithet: simplex

Verbascum dubium

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Verbascum giganteum subsp. dyris

authorship: (Litard. & Maire ex Murb.) F.M.Vázquez, Pérez-Chisc. & Sánchez Gullón

Verbascum henriquesii

authorship: Lange ex Henriq.

Verbascum henriquesii var. compositum

authorship: (Mariz) Cout.

Verbascum henriquesii var. simplex

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.

Verbascum linkianum

authorship: Mariz

Verbascum linkianum var. simplex

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Mariz

Verbascum phlomoides prol. macranthum

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Samp.

Verbascum simplex var. compositum

authorship: (Mariz) Benedí & Molero

Verbascum simplex var. dyris

authorship: Litard. & Maire ex Murb.

Verbascum simplex var. warionis

authorship: (Franch. ex Batt.) Murb.

Verbascum thapsiforme var. curtum

authorship: Merino

Verbascum warionis

authorship: Franch. ex Batt.

codes: ALG MOR POR SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hoffmanns. & Link

published_in: Fl. Portug. 1: 216

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: verbascum-sinuatum

scientific: Verbascum sinuatum

authorship: L.

epithet: sinuatum

preferred: wavyleaf mullein

Celsia sinuata

authorship: (L.) Colla

Lychnitis sinuata

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Thapsus sinuatum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Verbascum adenosepalum

authorship: (Murb.) Karyagin

Verbascum arnaizii

authorship: Sennen

Verbascum ceccarinianum

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Verbascum graecum

authorship: Pall. ex M.Bieb.

Verbascum gussonei

authorship: Tineo

Verbascum rotundatum

authorship: Jahand. & Maire

Verbascum saltense

authorship: Post

Verbascum sinuatum f. albiflorum

authorship: Greuter, Matthäs & Risse

Verbascum sinuatum var. pallidiflorum

authorship: Pau

Verbascum sinuatum var. subalatum

authorship: Rouy

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL SIN TCS TKM TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1941 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк выемчатый

names: Дивина виїмчаста

names:
usločenolistni lučnik
izrobljenolistni lučnik

partners:
Halictus
Amegilla garrula
Andrena florivaga
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus ruderatus
Camponotus piceus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Amegilla
Amegilla garrula
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Bombus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus ruderatus
Camponotus lateralis

partners:
Amegilla garrula
Asphondylia verbasci
Chrysotoxum intermedium

partners:
Episyrphus balteatus
Exosoma lusitanicum
Oedemera nobilis
Scaeva mecogramma
Sphaerophoria scripta
Syritta pipiens
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius


slug: verbascum-songaricum

scientific: Verbascum songaricum

authorship: Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

epithet: songaricum

Verbascum daenense

authorship: Boiss.

Verbascum ibericum

authorship: Schmalh.

Verbascum medum

authorship: Stapf

Verbascum polystachyum

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

codes: AFG IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB CHX PAK WHM

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 287 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк джунгарский

names: Жоңғар аюқұлағы

value: May-Jun

authors: Schrenk

published_in: Enum. Pl. Nov. i. 26


slug: verbascum-speciosum

scientific: Verbascum speciosum

authorship: Schrad.

epithet: speciosum

preferred: showy mullein

Verbascum coeruleum

authorship: Schanz

Verbascum integrifolium

authorship: Rochel

Verbascum longifolium

authorship: DC.

Verbascum neilreichii

authorship: Schur

codes: IRN IRQ TCS TUR ALB AUT BUL CZE GRC HUN YUG ROM TUE UKR

Iraq

code: IRQ

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 606 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
showy mullein
Hungarian Mullein

names:
Molene splendide
Molène remarquable

names: praktkungsljus pustantulikukka

partners:
Cucullia verbasci
Dolycoris baccarum
Eysarcoris venustissimus
Harmonia axyridis

partners:
Aphis verbasci
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Amauromyza verbasci
Apolygus spinolae
Aporophyla nigra
Apterona helicoidella

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

value: herb


slug: verbascum-spinosum

scientific: Verbascum spinosum

authorship: L.

epithet: spinosum

Kriti

code: KRI

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Коровяк колючий

value: chamaephyte

published_in: Cent. Pl. II. 10


slug: verbascum-syriacum

scientific: Verbascum syriacum

epithet: syriacum

published_in: Monogr. Verbasci 2: 6 (1823)

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

names:
Βερμπάσκο της Ρόδου
Φλόμος ο συριακός

published_in: Monog. Verb. ii. 6. t. 1. f. 1


slug: verbascum-thapsus

scientific: Verbascum thapsus

epithet: thapsus

preferred: great mullein

english:
great mullein
Great Mullein
common mullein

Leiosandra crassifolia

authorship: (DC.) Raf.

Leiosandra cuspidata

authorship: Raf.

Thapsus linnaei

authorship: (Opiz) Opiz

Thapsus montanum

authorship: (Schrad.) Raf.

Thapsus schraderi

authorship: (G.Mey.) Opiz

Verbascum adulterinum subsp. seminigrum

authorship: (Fr.) P.Fourn.

Verbascum alatum

authorship: Lam.

Verbascum angustius

authorship: Schrank

Verbascum bicolle

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Verbascum bracteatum

authorship: J.Kickx f. ex Dumort.

Verbascum canescens

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

Verbascum compactum

authorship: Rchb.

Verbascum decurrens

authorship: Stokes

Verbascum elongatum

authorship: Willd.

Verbascum grandiflorum

authorship: Poir.

Verbascum indicum

authorship: Wall.

Verbascum intermedium

authorship: Léman ex Roem. & Schult.

Verbascum kickxianum

authorship: Dumort.

Verbascum lanatum

authorship: Gilib.

Verbascum linnaei

authorship: Opiz

Verbascum majus

authorship: Bubani

Verbascum mas

authorship: Garsault

Verbascum neglectum

authorship: Guss.

Verbascum officinarum

authorship: Crantz

Verbascum pallidum

authorship: Nees

Verbascum plantagineum

authorship: Moris

Verbascum pseudothapsiforme

authorship: Rapin

Verbascum salisburgense

authorship: Fritsch

Verbascum seminigrum

authorship: Fr.

Verbascum simplex subsp. valentinum

authorship: (Burnat & Barbey) Malag.

Verbascum simplex var. valentinum

authorship: (Burnat & Barbey) Murb.

Verbascum spectabile

authorship: Salisb.

Verbascum tapsus

authorship: Neck.

Verbascum thapsus f. candicans

authorship: House

Verbascum thapsus subsp. crassifolium

authorship: (DC.) Murb.

Verbascum thapsus subsp. langei

authorship: Rivas Mart.

Verbascum thapsus subsp. neglectum

authorship: (Guss.) Arcang.

Verbascum thapsus subsp. semidecurrens

authorship: Čelak.

Verbascum thapsus var. australe

authorship: Franch.

Verbascum thapsus var. bracteatum

authorship: (C.Agardh) Hartm.

Verbascum thapsus var. cuspidatum

authorship: Scheutz

Verbascum thapsus var. elongatum

authorship: Trevir.

Verbascum thapsus var. montanum

authorship: (Schrad.) St.-Lag.

name: Verbascum thapsus var. pseudothapsiforme

authorship: (Rapin) Rouy

Verbascum thapsus var. semidecurrens

authorship: (Čelak.) Rouy

Verbascum thapsus var. sylvaticum

authorship: Roth

Verbascum thapsus var. valentinum

authorship: (Burnat & Barbey) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Verbascum valentinum

authorship: Burnat & Barbey

codes: AZO AFG ALT CHC IRN IRK KAZ KGZ KRA MON NCS TZK CHT TCS TKM TUR WSB CHX EHM NEP PAK WHM AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

China South-Central

code: CHC

Iran

code: IRN

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Aucubin

activities:
Antibacterial
Antidote (Amanitin)
Antiedemic
Antiinflammatory
Antileukemic
Antioxidant
Antiprolactin
Antistaphylococcic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Harpagoside

activities: (+)-Inotropic (-)-Chronotropic Analgesic Antiarrhythmic Antiinflammatory Calcium-Antagonist

names:
Artengruppe Kleinblütige Königskerze
Kleinbluetige Koenigskerze

names:
Bouillon blanc
Molene thapsus, Bouillon blanc

partners:
Adscita statices
Allograpta obliqua
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena carlini
Andrena florivaga
Andrena virginiana
Anthrax palliata
Apallates coxendix

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus huntii
Bombus occidentalis

partners:
Campylomma verbasci
Acanthis flammea
Acherontia atropos
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Aeolothrips intermedius
Agrotis vetusta
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: verbascum-undulatum

scientific: Verbascum undulatum

authorship: Lam.

epithet: undulatum

Lasiake plicatum

authorship: (Sm.) Raf.

Verbascum calaurium

authorship: Heldr. ex Boiss.

Verbascum plicatum

authorship: Sm.

Verbascum rigidum

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Verbascum undulatum var. integrifolium

authorship: Griseb.

codes: ALB GRC YUG

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

lifeform: biennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 203 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Geron gibbosus
Lasioglossum malachurum
Megachile
Megachile pilidens
Oxythyrea funesta
Anthidiellum strigatum luteum
Curculionidae sp.

value: non-woody

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 4(1): 221


slug: verbascum-virgatum

scientific: Verbascum virgatum

authorship: Stokes

epithet: virgatum

preferred: Wand Mullein

english:
Wand Mullein
Twiggy Mullein
wand mullein

Blattaria virgata

authorship: (Stokes) Fourr.

Celsia viscosa

authorship: Wight ex Benth.

Verbascum annuum

authorship: Mill.

name: Verbascum blattaria subsp. blattarioides

authorship: (Lam.) Bonnier & Layens

Verbascum blattarioides var. crenatum

authorship: Rouy

name: Verbascum blattarioides var. lusitanicum

authorship: Schrad.

Verbascum celsiae

authorship: Boiss.

Verbascum glabrum

authorship: Willd.

Verbascum glandulosum

authorship: Thore ex Roem. & Schult.

Verbascum lanceolatum

authorship: Kit.

Verbascum lusitanicum

authorship: Murb.

Verbascum virgatum subsp. lusitanicum

authorship: (Schrad.) Rivas Goday

Verbascum virgatum var. grandiflorum

authorship: Regel

Verbascum virgatum var. lanceolatum

authorship: Mariz

Verbascum viscidulum

authorship: Pers.

codes: AZO MDR BAL COR FRA POR SPA

Madeira

code: MDR

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1995 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Verbascum blattaria

slug: verbascum-blattaria

names:
Twiggy Mullein
Large-Flowered Mullein

names: Ruten-Koenigskerze Ruten-Königskerze

names:
Molene effilee
Molene fausse blattaire

names: Brigynog Gwyfynnog

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Bombus impatiens
Meliscaeva auricollis
Verbascum blattaria
Andrena florivaga
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Hylaeus punctatus

partners:
Golovinomyces verbasci
Peronospora verbasci

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil


slug: verbascum-xanthophoeniceum

scientific: Verbascum xanthophoeniceum

authorship: Griseb.

epithet: xanthophoeniceum

Verbascum blattarioides

authorship: Wahlenb. ex Griseb.

name: Verbascum xanthophoeniceum var. albiflorum

authorship: Voliotis

codes: TUR BUL GRC TUE

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: biennial or perennial

names: Коровяк жёлто-фиолетовый

authors: Griseb.

published_in: Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2(4): 42

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-araucana

scientific: Verbena araucana

authorship: Phil.

genus: Verbena

epithet: araucana

family: Verbenaceae

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile  1873: 520 (1873)

Glandularia araucana

authorship: (Phil.) Botta

Verbena chilensis

authorship: Moldenke

codes: AGW AGS CLC

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: subshrub

value: woody

value: perennial

authors: Phil.

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 43: 520

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-aristigera

scientific: Verbena aristigera

epithet: aristigera

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot.  4: 439 (1895)

Glandularia aristigera

authorship: (S.Moore) Tronc.

Glandularia cochabambensis

authorship: (Moldenke) Liesner

Glandularia tenuisecta

authorship: (Briq.) Small

Verbena tenuisecta

authorship: Briq.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Danaus chrysippus
Junonia orithya
Leptotes plinius

value: Aug-Jan

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 4(3): 439


slug: verbena-berteroi

scientific: Verbena berteroi

authorship: (Meisn.) Schauer

epithet: berteroi

Glandularia berteroi

authorship: (Meisn.) Muñoz-Schick

Glandularia reichei

authorship: (Acevedo) L.E.Navas

Shuttleworthia berteroi

authorship: Meisn.

Verbena erinoides

authorship: Poepp. ex Schauer

Verbena reichei

authorship: Acevedo

codes: BOL CLC CLN CLS PER

Chile North

code: CLN

Chile South

code: CLS

Peru

code: PER

partners:
Acrophthalmyda paulseni
Vanessa carye

authors: Schauer

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-bipinnatifida

scientific: Verbena bipinnatifida

authorship: (Nutt.) Schauer

epithet: bipinnatifida

preferred: Dakota mock vervain

Glandularia bipinnatifida

authorship: (Schauer) Nutt.

name: Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida

name: Glandularia bipinnatifida var. brevispicata

authorship: Umber

Glandularia bipinnatifida var. ciliata

authorship: (Benth.) B.L.Turner

name: Glandularia bipinnatifida var. latilobata

authorship: (L.M.Perry) B.L.Turner

Glandularia ciliata

authorship: (Benth.) Botta

Glandularia latilobata

authorship: (L.M.Perry) G.L.Nesom

Glandularia pubera

authorship: (Greene) G.L.Nesom

Glandularia wrightii

authorship: (A.Gray) Umber

Verbena ambrosifolia

authorship: Rydb.

Verbena ambrosiifolia

authorship: Rydb. ex Small

Verbena andrieuxii

authorship: Schauer

Verbena bipinnatifida var. brevispicata

authorship: (Umber) Moldenke

Verbena ciliata

authorship: Benth.

Verbena ciliata var. pubera

authorship: (Greene) L.M.Perry

Verbena gooddingii var. nepetifolia

authorship: Tidestr.

Verbena pubera

authorship: Greene

codes: ALA ARI ARK COL KAN LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO NEB NWM OKL SDA TEX WYO GUA HON

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Wyoming

code: WYO

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

Honduras

code: HON

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1999 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Amphion floridensis
Anthophora
Atalopedes huron
Battus philenor
Burnsius communis
Calycopis isobeon
Colias eurytheme

partners:
Colias eurytheme
Danaus plexippus
Echinargus isola
Hyles lineata
Nama hispida
Papilio polyxenes
Vanessa virginiensis

partners:
Battus philenor
Colias eurytheme
Danaus plexippus
Euphyes vestris
Hylephila phyleus
Lerema accius
Lerodea eufala
Papilio multicaudata


slug: verbena-bonariensis

scientific: Verbena bonariensis

authorship: L.

epithet: bonariensis

preferred: purpletop vervain

Verbena bonariensis f. albiflora

authorship: Moldenke

Verbena bonariensis f. robustior

authorship: Chodat

Verbena bonariensis var. conglomerata

authorship: Briq.

Verbena bonariensis var. hispida

authorship: Rendle

Verbena bonariensis var. longibracteata

authorship: Kuntze

Verbena elongata

authorship: Salisb.

Verbena trichotoma

authorship: Moench

codes: AGE AGW AGS BZS BZL CLC CLN CLS PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

Chile South

code: CLS

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Verbena brasiliensis

slug: verbena-brasiliensis

names:
purpletop vervain
Argentina vervain

names:
Flor de papel
Verbena argentina

names: 柳叶马鞭草 柳葉馬鞭草

names: Cambará-de-capoeira Erva-ferro

names: Вербена буэнос-айресская

names: sanjaku-bā-bena サンジャクバーベナ

names:
Argentinische Verbene
Argentinisches Eisenkraut

names:
Verveine
Verveine de Buenos Aires

names:
Werbena argentyńska
Werbena patagońska

names: เวอร์บีนาดอกม่วง

names: ורבנה ארגנטינאית

names:
ernyős verbéna
óriás vasfű

partners:
Anthidium manicatum
Aricia agestis
Bombus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Bombus
Bombus pascuorum
Vanessa cardui
Pieris brassicae
Vanessa atalanta
Aglais io
Apis mellifera
Polyommatus icarus

partners:
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora urbana
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes campestris
Atalopedes huron
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vosnesenskii

partners:
Bombylius canescens
Junonia villida
Papilio machaon
Acanthis flammea
Acherontia atropos
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Anthidium manicatum

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites


slug: verbena-bracteata

scientific: Verbena bracteata

authorship: Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.

epithet: bracteata

preferred: bigbract verbena

english:
bigbract verbena
bracted verbena
common vervain

Verbena bracteata f. albiflora

authorship: (Cockerell) Moldenke

Verbena bracteata f. brevibracteata

authorship: (A.Gray) Moldenke

Verbena bracteata f. imbricata

authorship: (Wooton & Standl.) Moldenke

Verbena bracteosa

authorship: Michx.

Verbena bracteosa var. albiflora

authorship: Cockerell

Verbena brevibracteata

authorship: (A.Gray) Eggert

Verbena canescens

authorship: Chapm.

Verbena imbricata

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

Verbena prostrata

authorship: Savi

Verbena repens

authorship: Spreng. ex Steud.

Verbena squarrosa

authorship: Roth

Zappania bracteosa

authorship: (Michx.) Poir.

codes: ALA ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN SAS SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2088 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena carlini
Andrena miserabilis
Arge humeralis
Centrinites strigicollis
Ceratoma caminea
Chrysogaster antithea
Corimelaena pulicaria
Dictya pictipes

partners:
Pieris rapae
Pontia protodice
Andrena carlini
Andrena miserabilis
Arge humeralis
Calliopsis andreniformis
Centrinites strigicollis
Chrysogaster antitheus

partners:
Callipepla californica
Chlorion
Euptoieta claudia
Hylephila phyleus
Pemphredon inornata
Phormia regina

partners:
Coccophagus caridei
Marietta caridei
Metaphycus niger
Metaphycus sinensis
Tetrastichus caridei
Trichomasthus fasciatus

quote: Bigbract verbena is a native forb in the verbena family (Verbenaceae).

quote: It can be an annual, biennial or perennial

quote: The corolla is pale blue to purple with a 0.1 to 0.2 inch (3-5 mm) long tube.

value: Plants flower from April through October


scientific: Verbena brasiliensis

authorship: Vell.

epithet: brasiliensis

preferred: Brazilian Vervain

english:
Brazilian Vervain
Brazilian vervain

Verbena approximata

authorship: Briq.

Verbena chacensis

authorship: Moldenke

Verbena hansenii

authorship: Greene

Verbena litoralis f. congesta

authorship: (Moldenke) Moldenke

Verbena litoralis var. brasiliensis

authorship: (Vell.) Briq. ex Munir

Verbena littoralis f. angustifolia

authorship: Chodat

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL CLC CLS PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1976 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Verbena bonariensis

species: Verbena halei

slug: verbena-halei

names:
Brazilian vervain
Brazilian Verbena

names: 南美马鞭草 狭叶马鞭草

names: Вербена бразильская

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Abaeis nicippe
Agapostemon splendens
Ammophila procera
Ancyloxypha numitor
Anthophora incerta

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Ammophila procera
Ancyloxypha numitor
Apis mellifera
Ascia monuste
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Brachymesia gravida

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Ammophila procera
Battus philenor
Battus philenor hirsuta
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Danaus gilippus

value: hemicryptophyte


slug: verbena-californica

scientific: Verbena californica

epithet: californica

published_in: Known Geogr. Distr. Verbenac. Avicenn. : 79 (1942)

preferred: Red Hills vervain

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Red Hills vervain
California vervain

value: biennial

authors: Moldenke

published_in: Known Geogr. Distrib. Verb. Avicenn. 79

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-canadensis

scientific: Verbena canadensis

authorship: (L.) Britton

epithet: canadensis

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club  5: 276 (1894)

preferred: rose mock vervain

source: usda

Billardiera explanata

authorship: Moench

Buchnera canadensis

authorship: L.

Glandularia aubletia

authorship: (Jacq.) Nutt.

Glandularia canadensis

authorship: (L.) Small

authorship: Small

Glandularia canadensis f. candissima

authorship: (F.Haage & E.Schmidt) Umber

Glandularia drummondii

authorship: (W.H.Baxter) Small

Glandularia lambertii

authorship: (Sims) Small

Verbena aubletia

authorship: Jacq.

Verbena aubletia var. drummondii

authorship: Lindl.

Verbena aubletia var. lambertii

authorship: (Sims) M.E.Jones

Verbena canadensis f. candidissima

authorship: (F.Haage & E.Schmidt) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.

Verbena canadensis subsp. elegans

authorship: Thell.

Verbena canadensis var. candidissima

authorship: F.Haage & E.Schmidt

Verbena canadensis var. candisissima

authorship: J.N.Haage & Schmidt

Verbena grandiflora

authorship: Steud.

Verbena intermedia

authorship: Penny ex G.Don

Verbena lambertii

authorship: Sims

Verbena longiflora

authorship: Lam.

Verbena oblaetia

authorship: Retz.

Verbena rubra

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ALA ARK CNT FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWM NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amphion floridensis
Archilochus colubris
Battus philenor
Hemaris diffinis
Hemaris thysbe
Lerema accius
Lon zabulon
Papilio glaucus

partners:
Amphion floridensis
Hemaris thysbe
Xylocopa virginica


slug: verbena-canescens

scientific: Verbena canescens

authorship: Kunth

epithet: canescens

preferred: gray vervain

english:
gray vervain
grey vervain

Verbena canescens f. albiflora

authorship: Moldenke

Verbena roemeriana

authorship: Scheele

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: CAL MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NEV NWM TEX CLM

California

code: CAL

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nevada

code: NEV

Texas

code: TEX

Colombia

code: CLM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1988 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
gray vervain
grey vervain

authors: Kunth


slug: verbena-carnea

scientific: Verbena carnea

authorship: Medik.

epithet: carnea

preferred: Carolina false vervain

Leptostachia carolinensis

authorship: (Walter) Kuntze

Phryma carolinensis

authorship: Walter

Stylodon carneus

authorship: (Medik.) Moldenke

Stylodon carolinensis

authorship: (Walter) Small

Stylodon carolinianum

authorship: Raf.

Verbena caroliniana

authorship: Michx.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

South Carolina

code: SCA

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Medik.

published_in: Bot. Beob. 1783 [Medikus] 131

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-carolina

scientific: Verbena carolina

authorship: L.

epithet: carolina

preferred: Carolina vervain

Styleurodon carolinianus

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Verbena carolina f. hirsuta

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke

Verbena carolina f. recta

authorship: Loes.

Verbena caroliniana f. polystachya

authorship: (Kunth) Loes.

Verbena hirsuta

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Verbena pauciflora

authorship: Walp.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ELS GUA HON NIC

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Chiothion georgina
Echinargus isola
Osmia azteca

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-chiricahensis

scientific: Verbena chiricahensis

authorship: (Umber) Moldenke

epithet: chiricahensis

preferred: Chiricahua Mountain mock vervain

Glandularia chiricahensis

authorship: Umber

codes: ARI MXN NWM

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 376 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol GLCH

license: public domain

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-cloverae

scientific: Verbena cloverae

authorship: Moldenke

epithet: cloverae

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist  24: 751 (1940)

preferred: Clover's vervain

Verbena cloveri f. alba

authorship: Lundell

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: verbena-delticola

scientific: Verbena delticola

authorship: Small ex Perry

epithet: delticola

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.  20: 314 (1933)

preferred: moradia

Glandularia delticola

authorship: (Small ex Perry) Umber

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

value: annual

authors: Small ex L.M.Perry

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 314

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol GLDE2

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-dissecta

scientific: Verbena dissecta

authorship: Willd. ex Spreng.

epithet: dissecta

Glandularia dissecta

authorship: (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schnack & Covas

Shuttleworthia dissecta

authorship: (Willd. ex Spreng.) Walp.

codes: AGE URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Uruguay

code: URU

authors: Willd. ex Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 750

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: verbena-elegans

scientific: Verbena elegans

authorship: Kunth

epithet: elegans

preferred: mountain mock vervain

Glandularia elegans

authorship: (Kunth) Umber

Glandularia elegans var. asperata

authorship: (L.M.Perry) Umber

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 273 [ed. quarto]

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol GLEL2

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-gooddingii

scientific: Verbena gooddingii

authorship: Briq.

epithet: gooddingii

published_in: Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève  10: 103 (1907)

preferred: southwestern mock vervain

Glandularia gooddingii

authorship: (Briq.) Solbrig

Verbena bipinnatifida var. gooddingii

authorship: (Briq.) Jeps.

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV NWM UTA

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Hyles lineata
Vanessa cardui
Zerene cesonia

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Hyles lineata
Pronotacantha annulata

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Briq.

note: common name, checklist symbol GLGO


slug: verbena-gracilescens

scientific: Verbena gracilescens

authorship: (Cham.) Herter

epithet: gracilescens

published_in: Revista Sudamer. Bot.  4: 186 (1937)

Verbena officinalis var. gracilescens

authorship: Cham.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL PAR URU

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: GIFT

authors: (Cham.) Herter

published_in: Revista Sudamer. Bot. 4(3-5): 186

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: verbena-gynobasis

scientific: Verbena gynobasis

authorship: Wedd.

epithet: gynobasis

Glandularia gynobasis

authorship: (Wedd.) N.O'Leary & P.Peralta

Verbena bella

authorship: Phil.

codes: BOL CLN PER

Chile North

code: CLN

Peru

code: PER

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Wedd.

published_in: Chlor. Andina 2: 156


scientific: Verbena halei

authorship: Small

epithet: halei

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  25: 617 (1898)

preferred: Texas vervain

Verbena gaudichaudii

authorship: (Briq.) P.W.Michael

Verbena halei f. parviflora

authorship: Moldenke

Verbena halei f. roseiflora

authorship: (Benkr) Moldenke

Verbena leucanthemifolia

authorship: Greene

Verbena officinalis f. roseiflora

authorship: Benkr

Verbena officinalis subsp. halei

authorship: (Small) S.C.Barber

Verbena officinalis var. halei

authorship: (Small) Munir

Verbena officinalis var. hirsuta

authorship: Torr.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS MSI MSO NWM NCA OKL SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1973 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Verbena officinalis

slug: verbena-officinalis

names:
Texas vervain
Texas verbena

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Danaus plexippus
Echinargus isola
Euptoieta claudia
Hemaris diffinis
Hylephila phyleus
Junonia coenia
Nathalis iole

partners:
Elkalyce comyntas
Melissodes bimaculatus
Nathalis iole
Vanessa virginiensis
Xylocopa micans
Xylocopa virginica


slug: verbena-hastata

scientific: Verbena hastata

authorship: L.

epithet: hastata

preferred: blue vervain

english:
blue vervain
Blue Vervain
Blue vervain
Simpler's Joy
Wild Hyssop
blue verbena
swamp verbena
wild hyssop

Verbena hastata f. rosea

authorship: (Coleman) R.H.Cheney

Verbena hastata var. oblongifolia

authorship: Nutt.

Verbena hastata var. paniculata

authorship: (Lam.) Farw.

Verbena hastata var. pinnatifida

authorship: (Lam.) Pursh

Verbena paniculata

authorship: Lam.

authorship: Poir.

Verbena paniculata var. pinnatifida

authorship: (Lam.) Schauer

codes: ALA ARI BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1965 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Verbenalin

activities: Abortifacient CNS-Stimulant Cathartic Coagulant Parasympathicomimetic Purgative Uterotonic

names: Вербена копьевидная

partners:
Abundance
Acmaeodera pulchella
Ammophila nigricans
Andrena carlini
Andrena pruni
Andrena spiraeana
Angitia obscura
Anoplius illinoensis

partners:
Bombus
Calliopsis andreniformis
Danaus plexippus
Bombus impatiens
Halictus rubicundus
Melissodes bimaculatus
Pieris rapae
Strymon melinus

partners:
Atteva punctella
Augochlora pura
Bombus
Bombus flavidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus mixtus
Bombus rufocinctus

partners:
Bombus citrinus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus rufocinctus
Agapostemon splendens
Agapostemon virescens
Andrena
Andrenidae

quote: Blue vervain is a native, perennial wildflower

quote: produces very attractive purplish-blue flowers

quote: Blue vervain blooms in mid to late summer