slug: ophrys-holosericea

scientific: Ophrys holosericea

authorship: (Burm.f.) Greuter

epithet: holosericea

Arachnites biancae

authorship: Tod.

Ophrys anapi

authorship: O.Danesch & E.Danesch

Ophrys andria subsp. halkionis

authorship: (G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar) Kreutz

Ophrys andria var. halkionis

authorship: G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar

Ophrys annae

authorship: Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys annae var. aliceae

authorship: (Argiolas) Hennecke

Ophrys appennina

authorship: Romolini & Soca

Ophrys apulica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) O.Danesch & E.Danesch

Ophrys apulica subsp. pharensis

authorship: Kranjcev

Ophrys arachnites f. oxyrrhynchos

authorship: (Tod.) Bolzon

Ophrys arachnites subsp. oxyrrhynchos

authorship: (Tod.) Nyman

Ophrys arachnites var. brachyotes

authorship: (Rchb.) Nyman

Ophrys arachnites var. cornigera

authorship: Beck

Ophrys arachnites var. coronifera

authorship: (Beck) Rouy

Ophrys arachnites var. grandiflora

authorship: (M.Loehr) Rouy

Ophrys arachnites var. linearis

authorship: (Moggr.) E.G.Camus

Ophrys arachnites var. platycheila

authorship: (Rosbach) Rouy

Ophrys biancae

authorship: (Tod.) Macch.

Ophrys bombyliflora

authorship: Spreng.

Ophrys brachyotes

authorship: Rchb.

Ophrys calliantha

authorship: Bartolo & Pulv.

Ophrys candica

authorship: (E.Nelson ex Soó) H.Baumann & Künkele

authorship: Greuter, Matthäs & Risse

Ophrys candica f. minoa

authorship: (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) P.Delforge

Ophrys candica subsp. calliantha

authorship: (Bartolo & Pulv.) Kreutz

Ophrys candica subsp. cytherea

authorship: B.Baumann & H.Baumann

Ophrys candica subsp. lacaena

authorship: (P.Delforge) Kreutz

Ophrys candica subsp. lyciensis

authorship: (Paulus, Gügel, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) Kreutz

Ophrys candica subsp. minoa

authorship: C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis

Ophrys candica var. cytherea

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Hennecke

Ophrys candica var. lacaena

authorship: (P.Delforge) Hennecke

Ophrys candica var. lyciensis

authorship: (Paulus, Gügel, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) Hennecke

Ophrys candica var. minoa

authorship: (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) Paulus, Gügel, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.

Ophrys candica var. vanbruggeniana

authorship: (J.Essink, L.Essink & Kreutz) Hennecke

Ophrys celiensis

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) P.Delforge

Ophrys chestermanii

authorship: (J.J.Wood) Gölz & H.R.Reinhard

Ophrys cosentiana

authorship: H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys cyrenaica

authorship: (Kreutz) P.Delforge

Ophrys cytherea

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) P.Delforge

Ophrys demangei

authorship: (Scappat.) P.Delforge

Ophrys dinarica

authorship: Kranjcev & P.Delforge

Ophrys discors

authorship: Bianca

Ophrys druentica

authorship: P.Delforge & Viglione

Ophrys elatior

authorship: Paulus

Ophrys episcopalis

authorship: Poir.

Ophrys episcopalis subsp. libanotica

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Véla & Viglione

Ophrys episcopalis var. cyrenaica

authorship: (Kreutz) Hennecke

Ophrys episcopalis var. saliarisii

authorship: (Paulus & M.Hirth) Hennecke

Ophrys flavescens

authorship: Sassenf.

Ophrys fuciflora

authorship: (Crantz) Rchb.f.

authorship: (F.W.Schmidt) Moench

Ophrys fuciflora f. brachyotes

authorship: (Rchb.) Soó

Ophrys fuciflora f. exilis

authorship: Ruppert ex Soó

Ophrys fuciflora f. flavescens

authorship: Rosbach

Ophrys fuciflora f. tallosii

authorship: Soó

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. aestuariensis

authorship: J.-P.Ring, J.-C.Querré, Biron & Fouquet

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. andria

authorship: (P.Delforge) Faurh.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. annae

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) R.Engel & P.Quentin

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. biancae

authorship: (Tod.) Faurh.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. candica

authorship: E.Nelson ex Soó

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. chestermanii

authorship: (J.J.Wood) H.Blatt & W.Wirth

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. demangei

authorship: Scappat.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. elatior

authorship: (Paulus) R.Engel & P.Quentin

authorship: Gumpr.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. gracilis

authorship: Büel, O.Danesch & E.Danesch

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. lacaitae

authorship: (Lojac.) Soó

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. lorenae

authorship: E.De Martino & Centur.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. maxima

authorship: (H.Fleischm.) Soó

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. montiliensis

authorship: Aubenas & Scappat.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. oblita

authorship: (Kreutz, Gügel & W.Hahn) Faurh., H.A.Pedersen & S.G.Christ.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. oxyrrhynchos

authorship: (Tod.) Soó

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. souchei

authorship: R.Martin & Véla

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. tetraloniae

authorship: (W.P.Teschner) Faurh.

Ophrys fuciflora var. apiformoides

authorship: Balayer

Ophrys fuciflora var. cornigera

authorship: (Beck) Asch. & Graebn.

Ophrys fuciflora var. dinarica

authorship: (Kranjcev & P.Delforge) Faurh.

Ophrys fuciflora var. gracilis

authorship: (Büel, O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Faurh.

Ophrys fuciflora var. untchjii

authorship: (M.Schulze) Soó

Ophrys gracilis

authorship: (Büel, O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Englmaier

Ophrys graeca

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) S.Hertel & H.Weyland

Ophrys heldreichii subsp. pharia

authorship: (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Hennecke

authorship: (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Kreutz

Ophrys helios

authorship: Kreutz

Ophrys holoserica f. chlorantha

authorship: Lumare, Medagli, Dura & Anelli

Ophrys holoserica subsp. annae

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) H.Baumann, Giotta, Künkele, R.Lorenz & Piccitto

Ophrys holoserica subsp. appennina

authorship: (Romolini & Soca) Kreutz

Ophrys holoserica subsp. lyciensis

authorship: (Paulus, Gügel, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz

Ophrys ingrassiae

authorship: (Dura, Turco, Gennaio & Medagli) Biagioli, Kreutz, Dura, Turco, Gennaio, Medagli & De Simoni

Ophrys linearis

authorship: (Moggr.) P.Delforge, Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys oxyrrhynchos subsp. calliantha

authorship: (Bartolo & Pulv.) Galesi, Cristaudo & Maugeri

Ophrys paolina

authorship: (V.Liverani & Romolini) Biagioli, Kreutz, V.Liverani, Romolini & De Simoni

Ophrys tetraloniae var. elatior

authorship: (Gumpr. ex R.Engel & P.Quentin) Hennecke

Ophrys vanbruggeniana

authorship: (J.Essink, L.Essink & Kreutz) P.Delforge

codes: LBY EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB AUT BGM COR CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG NET ROM SAR SIC SWI TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1933 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ophrys bourdon
Ophrys bourdon, Ophrys frelon


slug: ophrys-insectifera

scientific: Ophrys insectifera

authorship: L.

genus: Ophrys

epithet: insectifera

family: Orchidaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Fly orchid

english:
Fly orchid
fly orchid

source: wikidata

Arachnites musciflorus

authorship: (Huds.) F.W.Schmidt

Epipactis myodes

authorship: (Jacq.) F.W.Schmidt

Malaxis myodes

authorship: (Jacq.) Bernh.

Ophrys aymoninii

authorship: (Breistr.) Buttler

Ophrys insectifera f. bombifera

authorship: (Bréb. ex Rchb.f.) Soó

Ophrys insectifera f. dubia

authorship: (Ruppert) Soó

Ophrys insectifera subsp. aymoninni

authorship: Breister

Ophrys insectifera subsp. myodes

authorship: (L.) Ehrh.

Ophrys insectifera var. aymoninii

authorship: (Breistr.) Hennecke

Ophrys insectifera var. luteomarginata

authorship: (L.Lewis) Kreutz

Ophrys insectifera var. ochroleuca

authorship: (Camus) Soó

Ophrys insectifera var. viridiflora

authorship: (A.Camus) Soó

Ophrys muscaria

authorship: (Scop.) Lam.

Ophrys muscifera

authorship: Huds.

Ophrys muscifera f. apiculata

authorship: (Rich. ex Lej.) M.Schulze

Ophrys muscifera f. dubia

authorship: Ruppert

Ophrys muscifera var. apiculata

authorship: Rich. ex Lej.

Ophrys muscifera var. bombifera

authorship: Bréb. ex Rchb.f.

Ophrys myodes

authorship: (L.) Jacq.

Ophrys subinsectifera

authorship: C.E.Hermos. & Sabando

Ophrys tytecana

authorship: (P.Delforge) P.Delforge

Orchis insectifera

authorship: (L.) Crantz

Orchis muscaria

authorship: Scop.

Orchis muscifera

authorship: (Huds.) Salisb.

Orchis musciflora

authorship: Schrank

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1960 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Офрис насекомоносная

names:
ophrys mouche
Ophrys mouches et apparentés

names:
Офрис комахоносний
Офрис комахоносна

names: Муховидна пчелица

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Helicella itala
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: ophrys-kotschyi

scientific: Ophrys kotschyi

authorship: H.Fleischm. & Soó

epithet: kotschyi

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 908 (1926)

preferred: Kotschy's Ophrys

Ophrys cypria

authorship: Renz

Ophrys sintenisii subsp. kotschyi

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Soó) Soó

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CYP TUR

Cyprus

code: CYP

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Kotschy's Ophrys
Cyprus Bee Orchid

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Life form

category: Form and habit

value: geophyte

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: H.Fleischm. & Soó

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

field: phenology

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: ophrys-lutea

scientific: Ophrys lutea

authorship: Cav.

epithet: lutea

preferred: Yellow Ophrys

Arachnites lutea

authorship: (Cav.) Tod.

Arachnites luteus var. minus

authorship: Tod.

Ophrys alpujata

authorship: Riech. & H.Kohlmüller

Ophrys ambrae

authorship: Soca

Ophrys aranifera var. pseudospeculum

authorship: (DC.) Nyman

Ophrys archimedea

authorship: P.Delforge & M.Walravens

Ophrys aspea

authorship: Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys barbarae

authorship: Gennaio

Ophrys calchasii

authorship: Romolini & Soca

Ophrys corsica

authorship: Soleirol ex G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche

Ophrys cythnia

authorship: P.Delforge & Onckelinx

Ophrys fusca subsp. migoutiana

authorship: (H.Gay) Kreutz

Ophrys fusca var. sicula

authorship: (Tineo) E.G.Camus & A.Camus

Ophrys galilaea

authorship: H.Fleischm. & Bornm.

Ophrys galilaea subsp. melena

authorship: (Renz) Del Prete

Ophrys glabra

authorship: Pers.

Ophrys hellenica

authorship: Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys insectifera var. glaberrima

authorship: Desf.

Ophrys insectifera var. lutea

authorship: Gouan

Ophrys laurensis

authorship: Geniez & Melki

Ophrys lepida

authorship: S.Moingeon & J.-M.Moingeon

Ophrys liveranii

authorship: (Orrù & M.P.Grasso) Biagioli, Kreutz, Orrù, M.P.Grasso, Licheri & De Simoni

Ophrys lutea f. sicula

authorship: (Tineo) Soó

Ophrys lutea f. speculissima

authorship: (F.M.Vázquez) P.Delforge

Ophrys lutea subsp. archimedea

authorship: (P.Delforge & M.Walravens) Kreutz

Ophrys lutea subsp. corsica

authorship: (Soleirol ex G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche) Kreutz

Ophrys lutea subsp. minor

authorship: (Tod.) O.Danesch & E.Danesch ex Gölz & H.R.Reinhard

Ophrys lutea subsp. quarteirae

authorship: Kreutz, M.R.Lowe & Wucherpf.

Ophrys lutea subsp. sicula

authorship: (Tineo) Soldano

Ophrys lutea var. galilaea

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Soó

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Hennecke

Ophrys lutea var. minor

authorship: (Tod.) Guss.

authorship: Lojac.

Ophrys lutea var. petaloidea

authorship: F.M.Vázquez & S.Ramos

Ophrys lutea var. quarteirae

authorship: (Kreutz, M.R.Lowe & Wucherpf.) F.M.Vázquez

Ophrys lutea var. sicula

authorship: (Tineo) Nyman

Ophrys melena

authorship: (Renz) Paulus & Gack

Ophrys minor

authorship: (Tod.) Paulus & Gack

Ophrys minor subsp. galilaea

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Paulus & Gack

Ophrys murbeckii subsp. quarteirae

authorship: (Kreutz, M.R.Lowe & Wucherpf.) M.R.Lowe

Ophrys murbeckii var. aspea

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Hennecke

Ophrys murbeckii var. quarteirae

authorship: (Kreutz, M.R.Lowe & Wucherpf.) Hennecke

Ophrys penelopeae

authorship: Paulus

Ophrys phryganae var. ambrae

authorship: (Soca) Hennecke

Ophrys phryganae var. barbarae

authorship: (Gennaio) Hennecke

Ophrys phryganae var. corsica

authorship: (Soleirol ex G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche) Hennecke

Ophrys phryganae var. hellenica

authorship: (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Hennecke

Ophrys praemelena

authorship: S.Hertel & Presser

Ophrys pseudomelena

authorship: Turco, Medagli & D'Emerico

Ophrys quarteirae

authorship: (Kreutz, M.R.Lowe & Wucherpf.) Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys sicula

authorship: Tineo

Ophrys sicula var. archimedea

authorship: (P.Delforge & M.Walravens) Hennecke

Ophrys sicula var. laurensis

authorship: (Geniez & Melki) Hennecke

Ophrys sicula var. lepida

authorship: (S.Moingeon & J.-M.Moingeon) Hennecke

Ophrys sicula var. liveranii

authorship: (Orrù & M.P.Grasso) Hennecke

Ophrys sicula var. penelopeae

authorship: (Paulus) Hennecke

Ophrys speculum

authorship: Steud.

Ophrys sphegodes subsp. pseudospeculum

authorship: (DC.) O.Schwarz

Ophrys subfusca subsp. aspea

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz

Ophrys subfusca subsp. laurensis

authorship: (Geniez & Melki) Kreutz

Ophrys subfusca subsp. lepida

authorship: (S.Moingeon & J.-M.Moingeon) Kreutz

Ophrys subfusca subsp. liveranii

authorship: Orrù & M.P.Grasso

Ophrys sulphurea

authorship: Gennaio & Medagli

Ophrys vespifera

authorship: Brot.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: حاجبية صفراء

names: דבורנית צהובה

names: Οφρύς η κίτρινη

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena mocsaryi
Andrena rugothorace
Ceratina loewi
Chelostoma emarginatum
Eucera nigrita


slug: ophrys-reinholdii

scientific: Ophrys reinholdii

epithet: reinholdii

Ophrys antiochiana

authorship: H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys reinhardiorum

authorship: Paulus

Ophrys reinholdii f. albovirescens

authorship: B.Willing & E.Willing

Ophrys reinholdii subsp. antiochiana

authorship: (H.Baumann & Künkele) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz

Ophrys reinholdii subsp. leucotaenia

authorship: Renz & Taubenheim

Ophrys sintenisii subsp. straussii

authorship: (H.Fleischm.) Soó

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Soó

Ophrys spruneri var. reinholdii

authorship: (Spruner ex Fleischm.) Nyman

Ophrys straussii

authorship: H.Fleischm. & Bornm.

Ophrys straussii f. leucotaenia

authorship: (Renz & Taubenheim) P.Delforge

Ophrys straussii subsp. antiochiana

authorship: (H.Baumann & Künkele) Kreutz

Ophrys straussii var. leucotaenia

authorship: (Renz & Taubenheim) R.Peter

codes: CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS TUR ALB BUL GRC YUG

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 425 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Офрис Рейнхольда

names: Οφρύς του Ρέινχολντ

authors: Spruner ex Boiss.

published_in: Fl. Orient. 5(1): 79, sub O. hiulca

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: ophrys-scolopax

scientific: Ophrys scolopax

authorship: Cav.

epithet: scolopax

preferred: Woodcock bee-orchid

Ophrys abchasica

authorship: (Kümpel) P.Delforge

Ophrys akcakarae

authorship: (Kreutz) Kreutz

Ophrys apiformis

authorship: Steud.

Ophrys arachnites f. cornuta

authorship: (Steven) Bolzon

Ophrys arachnites var. cornuta

authorship: (Steven) Fiori & Paol.

Ophrys arachnites var. scolopax

authorship: (Cav.) Fiori & Paol.

Ophrys aramaeorum f. akcakarae

authorship: (Kreutz) P.Delforge

Ophrys atropos

authorship: Barla

Ophrys attica subsp. rhodia

authorship: (H.Baumann & Künkele) Shifman

Ophrys balcanica

authorship: Soó

Ophrys beirana

authorship: D.Tyteca, J.Pessoa & Luísa Borges

Ophrys bicornis

authorship: Sadler ex Nendtv.

Ophrys bicornis var. cornuta

authorship: (Steven) Nyman

Ophrys bremifera

authorship: Steven

Ophrys bullata

authorship: Cirillo ex Steud.

Ophrys cerastes

authorship: Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys cerastes var. minuscula

authorship: (G.Thiele & W.Thiele) Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys ceto

authorship: Devillers, Devillers-Tersch. & P.Delforge

Ophrys conradiae

authorship: Melki & Deschâtres

Ophrys corbariensis

authorship: J.Samuel & J.-M.Lewin

Ophrys cornuta f. banatica

authorship: Rchb.f. ex Pantu & Procop.

Ophrys cornuta f. crassicornis

authorship: Renz

Ophrys cornuta lus. chlorosepala

authorship: Ruppert ex Soó

Ophrys cornuta subsp. balcanica

authorship: (Soó) Soó

Ophrys cornuta subsp. heldreichii

authorship: (Schltr.) Renz

Ophrys cornuta var. akcakarae

authorship: (Kreutz) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. akcaliensis

authorship: (Perschke) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. balcanica

authorship: (Soó) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. banatica

authorship: (Rchb.f. ex Pantu & Procop.) Soó

Ophrys cornuta var. bicornis

authorship: (Sadler ex Nendtv.) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. bremifera

authorship: (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. cephaloniensis

authorship: (Paulus) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. grandiflora

authorship: (B.Willing & E.Willing) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. hippocratis

authorship: (P.Delforge) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. hygrophila

authorship: (Gügel, Kreutz, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. isaura

authorship: (Renz & Taubenheim) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. karadenizensis

authorship: (M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. kassandra

authorship: (Presser, Z.Antonop. & Tenschert) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. kreutzii

authorship: (W.Hahn, R.Wegener & J.Mast) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. lemnosiana

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. masticorum

authorship: (P.Delforge & Saliaris) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. minuscula

authorship: G.Thiele & W.Thiele

Ophrys cornuta var. minutiflora

authorship: (J.Essink, L.Essink, Gügel, Kreutz & Zaiss) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. minutula

authorship: (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. nestoris

authorship: (A.Alibertis & Brütsch) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. orphanidea

authorship: (Saliaris & P.Delforge) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. phrygia

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. rhodostephane

authorship: (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. sappho

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch., Devillers, Dedroog, Baeten & Flausch) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. stavri

authorship: (Kalog., Delipetrou & A.Alibertis) Hennecke

Ophrys cornuta var. ulupinara

authorship: (W.Hahn, Passin & R.Wegener) Hennecke

Ophrys crassicornis

authorship: (Renz) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys dicipulus

authorship: Valahas

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. apiformis

authorship: (Desf.) H.Sund.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. cornuta

authorship: (Steven) H.Sund.

Ophrys fuciflora subsp. scolopax

authorship: (Cav.) H.Sund.

Ophrys heldreichii

authorship: Schltr.

Ophrys heldreichii subsp. polyxo

authorship: (J.Mast, M.-A.Garnier, Devillers-Tersch. & Deviller) Kreutz

Ophrys heldreichii subsp. pusilla

authorship: B.Baumann & H.Baumann

name: Ophrys heldreichii subsp. schlechteriana

Ophrys heldreichii var. polyxo

authorship: (J.Mast, M.-A.Garnier, Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Hennecke

Ophrys holoserica subsp. cornuta

authorship: (Steven ex M.Bieb.) H.Sund.

Ophrys hygrophila

authorship: Gügel, Kreutz, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.

Ophrys insectifera subsp. philippi

authorship: (Gren.) Moggr.

Ophrys insectifera subsp. scolopax

authorship: (Cav.) Moggr.

authorship: (Cav.) Moggr. & Rchb.f.

Ophrys insectifera var. apiformis

authorship: Desf.

Ophrys insectifera var. cornuta

authorship: (Steven) Moggr.

Ophrys karadenizensis

authorship: M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder

Ophrys kassandra

authorship: Presser, Z.Antonop. & Tenschert

Ophrys kreutzii

authorship: W.Hahn, R.Wegener & J.Mast

Ophrys kvarneri

authorship: Perko & Kerschb.

Ophrys masticorum

authorship: P.Delforge & Saliaris

Ophrys minuscula

authorship: (G.Thiele & W.Thiele) Presser & S.Hertel

Ophrys minutiflora

authorship: (J.Essink, L.Essink, Gügel, Kreutz & Zaiss) P.Delforge

Ophrys minutula

authorship: Gölz & H.R.Reinhard

Ophrys montis-gargani

authorship: (Van de Vijver & W.Looken) Biagioli, Kreutz & De Simoni

Ophrys muscaria

authorship: Pall.

Ophrys mycenensis

authorship: S.Hertel & Paulus

Ophrys nestoris

authorship: (A.Alibertis & Brütsch) Presser & S.Hertel

Ophrys oestrifera f. bremifera

authorship: (Steven) Soó

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. abchasica

authorship: Kümpel

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. akcakarae

authorship: Kreutz

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. akcaliensis

authorship: Perschke

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. balcanica

authorship: (Soó) Hayek

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. bicornis

authorship: (Sadler ex Nendtv.) Kreutz

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. bremifera

authorship: (Steven) K.Richt.

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. hygrophila

authorship: (Gügel, Kreutz, D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr.) Kreutz

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. mattinatae

authorship: (Medagli, A.Rossini, Quitadamo, D'Emerico & Turco) Kreutz

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. phrygia

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz

Ophrys sardoa

authorship: (H.Baumann, Giotta, Künkele, R.Lorenz & Piccitto) Paulus & Gack

Ophrys scolopax f. carbajoi

authorship: (F.M.Vázquez) Hervás, De Bellard, Calzado, J.C.Huertas, Reyes Carr. & Ruíz Cano

Ophrys scolopax f. minuta

authorship: De Bellard, Calzado, Hervás, J.C.Huertas, Reyes Carr. & Ruíz Cano

Ophrys scolopax var. beirana

authorship: (D.Tyteca, J.Pessoa & Luísa Borges) Hennecke

Ophrys scolopax var. minutula

authorship: (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) H.A.Pedersen & Faurh.

Ophrys scolopax var. sardoa

authorship: (H.Baumann, Giotta, Künkele, R.Lorenz & Piccitto) Hennecke

Ophrys stavri

authorship: (Kalog., Delipetrou & A.Alibertis) P.Delforge

codes: ALG MOR TUN EAI IRN LBS NCS TCS TKM TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1929 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ابرویی کوهستانی

names: Двурога пчелица


slug: ophrys-speculum

scientific: Ophrys speculum

authorship: Link

epithet: speculum

preferred: Mirror orchid

Arachnites speculum

authorship: (Link) Tod.

Ophrys ciliata

authorship: Biv.

Ophrys ciliata subsp. lusitanica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) H.Baumann, Künkele & R.Lorenz

Ophrys ciliata subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Paulus) Kreutz

Ophrys ciliata subsp. regis-ferdinandii

authorship: (Acht. & Kellerer ex Renz) H.Baumann, Künkele & R.Lorenz

Ophrys eos

authorship: Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys lusitanica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Paulus & Gack

Ophrys regis-ferdinandii

authorship: (Acht. & Kellerer ex Renz) Buttler

Ophrys scolopax

authorship: Willd.

Ophrys speculum f. regis-ferdinandii

authorship: Acht. & Kellerer ex Renz

Ophrys speculum subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Paulus) Paulus & Salk.

Ophrys speculum var. lusitanica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Hennecke

Ophrys vernixia

authorship: Brot.

Ophrys vernixia subsp. ciliata

authorship: (Biv.) Del Prete

Ophrys vernixia subsp. lusitanica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys vernixia subsp. orientalis

authorship: Paulus

name: Ophrys vernixia subsp. regis-ferdinandii

authorship: (Acht. & Kellerer ex Renz) Renz & Taubenheim

Ophrys vernixia var. regis-ferinandii

authorship: (Renz) H.Baumann & al.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN EAI LBS TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2019 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ophrys miroir
Ophrys miroir, Ophrys cilié

names: Οφρύς η κατοπτρική

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by


slug: ophrys-sphegodes

scientific: Ophrys sphegodes

authorship: Mill.

epithet: sphegodes

preferred: Early spider-orchid

Arachnites aranifera

authorship: (Huds.) Bubani

Arachnites atratus

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Tod.

Arachnites fuciflorus var. ambiguus

authorship: Tod.

Myodium araniferum

authorship: (Huds.) Salisb.

Ophrys adonidis

authorship: A.Camus & Gomb.

Ophrys aegilica

authorship: Engelen

Ophrys aesculapii

authorship: Renz

name: Ophrys aesculapii subsp. pseudoaraneifera

Ophrys alasiatica

authorship: Kreutz, Segers & H.Walraven

Ophrys albanica

authorship: Presser

Ophrys amanensis

authorship: (E.Nelson ex Renz & Taubenheim) P.Delforge

Ophrys amanensis subsp. antalyensis

authorship: (Kreutz & Seckel) Kreutz

Ophrys amanensis subsp. iceliensis

authorship: (Kreutz) Kreutz

Ophrys antalyensis

authorship: Kreutz & Seckel

Ophrys arachnites var. exaltata

authorship: (Ten.) Fiori & Paol.

name: Ophrys arachnitiformis subsp. cephalonica

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz

Ophrys arachnitiformis subsp. cilentana

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz

Ophrys arachnitiformis var. passionis

authorship: (Sennen) P.Delforge

Ophrys araneola

authorship: Rchb.

Ophrys araneola subsp. ausonia

authorship: (Devillers, Devillers-Tersch. & P.Delforge) Kreutz

Ophrys araneola subsp. cretensis

authorship: (H.Baumann & Künkele) Kreutz

Ophrys araneola subsp. illyrica

authorship: (S.Hertel & K.Hertel) Kreutz

Ophrys araneola subsp. incantata

authorship: (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Kreutz

Ophrys araneola subsp. quadriloba

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Kreutz

Ophrys araneola subsp. tommasinii

authorship: (Vis.) Kreutz

Ophrys araneola subsp. virescens

authorship: (Gren.) Kreutz

Ophrys araneola var. argentaria

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Hennecke

Ophrys araneola var. virescens

authorship: (Gren.) Hennecke

Ophrys aranifera

authorship: Huds.

Ophrys aranifera f. alsatica

authorship: Soó

Ophrys aranifera f. elongata

authorship: Moggr.

Ophrys aranifera f. latipetala

authorship: Chaub. ex St.-Amans

Ophrys aranifera f. ocellata

authorship: Lojac.

Ophrys aranifera f. pseudaranifera

authorship: Murr

Ophrys aranifera f. pseudomuscifera

authorship: Ruppert

Ophrys aranifera f. squalida

authorship: Gren.

Ophrys aranifera f. subfucifera

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Soó

Ophrys aranifera f. taurica

authorship: (Aggeenko) Soó

Ophrys aranifera prol. litigiosa

authorship: (E.G.Camus) Rouy

Ophrys aranifera subsp. aesculapii

authorship: (Renz) Soó

Ophrys aranifera subsp. arachnitiformis

authorship: (Gren. & Philippe) E.G.Camus

Ophrys aranifera subsp. araneola

authorship: (Rchb.) K.Richt.

Ophrys aranifera subsp. atrata

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Arcang.

Ophrys aranifera subsp. boissieri

authorship: (Soó) Soó

Ophrys aranifera subsp. exaltata

authorship: (Ten.) E.G.Camus

Ophrys aranifera subsp. fuchsii

authorship: (W.Zimmerm.) Soó

Ophrys aranifera subsp. gigantea

authorship: (A.Fuchs) Soó

Ophrys aranifera subsp. incubacea

authorship: (Bianca ex Tod.) Soó

Ophrys aranifera subsp. litigiosa

authorship: (E.G.Camus) P.Fourn.

authorship: (E.G.Camus) E.G.Camus

Ophrys aranifera subsp. macedonica

authorship: H.Fleischm. ex Soó

Ophrys aranifera subsp. mammosa

authorship: (Desf.) Soó

Ophrys aranifera subsp. massiliensis

authorship: (Viglione & Véla) Véla

Ophrys aranifera subsp. panormitana

authorship: (Tod.) Véla & R.Martin

Ophrys aranifera subsp. praecox

authorship: (Corrias) Véla

Ophrys aranifera subsp. taurica

authorship: (Aggeenko) K.Richt.

Ophrys aranifera subsp. tommasinii

authorship: (Vis.) E.G.Camus

Ophrys aranifera subsp. transhyrcana

authorship: (Czerniak.) Soó

Ophrys aranifera var. ambigua

authorship: (Tod.) Guss.

Ophrys aranifera var. araneola

authorship: (Rchb.) Rchb.f.

authorship: (Rchb.) Nyman

Ophrys aranifera var. aurantiaca

authorship: Beauverd

Ophrys aranifera var. fuchsii

authorship: (W.Zimm.) Schltr.

Ophrys aranifera var. limbata

authorship: Lindl.

Ophrys aranifera var. mammosa

authorship: (Desf.) Rchb.f.

Ophrys aranifera var. panormitana

authorship: (Tod.) Nyman

Ophrys aranifera var. rotulata

authorship: Beck

Ophrys aranifera var. rubriflora

authorship: Rivas Goday

Ophrys aranifera var. taurica

authorship: Aggeenko

Ophrys aranifera var. tommasinii

authorship: (Vis.) Rchb.f.

Ophrys archipelagi subsp. cephalonica

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Paulus & M.Hirth

Ophrys argensonensis

authorship: J.-C.Guérin & A.Merlet

Ophrys argentaria

authorship: Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys atrata var. incubacea

authorship: (Bianca) Nyman

Ophrys aveyronensis

authorship: (J.J.Wood) H.Baumann & Künkele

authorship: (J.J.Wood) P.Delforge

Ophrys aveyronensis subsp. vitorica

authorship: (Kreutz) Paulus

Ophrys biceratia

authorship: Delile ex Nyman

Ophrys cephalonica

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys grammica

authorship: (B.Willing & E.Willing) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys grassoana

authorship: (Cristaudo, Galesi, R.Lorenz & Zelesny) Biagioli, Kreutz & De Simoni

Ophrys incubacea f. albina

authorship: De Bellard, Calzado, Hervás, J.C.Huertas, Reyes Carr. & Ruíz Cano

Ophrys incubacea subsp. garganica

authorship: (O.Danesch & E.Danesch) Galesi, Cristaudo & Maugeri

Ophrys macedonica

authorship: (H.Fleischm. ex Soó) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys mammosa subsp. cyclocheila

authorship: (Aver.) B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter

Ophrys mammosa subsp. gortynia

authorship: (H.Baumann & Künkele) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz

Ophrys montenegrina

authorship: (H.Baumann & Künkele) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers

Ophrys passionis subsp. majellensis

authorship: (Helga Daiss & Herm.Daiss) Romolini & Soca

Ophrys passionis subsp. pseudoatrata

authorship: (S.Hertel & Presser) Biagioli & Grünanger

Ophrys posteria

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys sphegodes subsp. alasiatica

authorship: (Kreutz, Segers & H.Walraven) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz

Ophrys sphegodes subsp. argentaria

authorship: (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Biagioli & Grünanger

Ophrys sphegodes subsp. ausonia

authorship: (Devillers, Devillers-Tersch. & P.Delforge) Biagioli & Grünanger

Ophrys sphegodes var. sicula

authorship: (E.Nelson ex Soó) Galesi, Cristaudo & Maugeri

Ophrys spruneri subsp. grigoriana

authorship: (G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar) H.Kretzschmar

Ophrys spruneri var. grigoriana

authorship: (G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar) Hennecke

codes: CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TKM TUR ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Primeras orquídeas araña
orquídeas arañas y relacionados

names: حاجبية دبورية

names:
Офрис кавказская
Офрис паукообразная

names:
Große Spinnen-Ragwurz
Grosse Spinnen-Ragwurz

names: Офрис кримська

names: דבורנית הקטיפה

partners:
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena mocsaryi
Andrena rugothorace
Ceratina loewi
Chelostoma emarginatum

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena mocsaryi
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena rugothorace
Carpocoris purpureipennis
Ceratina loewi


slug: ophrys-tenthredinifera

scientific: Ophrys tenthredinifera

authorship: Willd.

epithet: tenthredinifera

preferred: Sawfly orchid

Arachnites limbata

authorship: Link

Arachnites tenthrediniferus

authorship: (Willd.) Tod.

Ophrys aprilia

authorship: Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys di-stefani

authorship: Lojac.

Ophrys dimidiata

authorship: Rakosy, Paulus & M.Hirth

Ophrys expansa

authorship: (Lumare & Medagli) Biagioli, Kreutz, Lumare, Medagli & De Simoni

Ophrys ficalhoana

authorship: (J.A.Guim.) Wucherpf.

Ophrys grandiflora

authorship: Ten.

Ophrys hookeri

authorship: Orph. ex Soó

Ophrys insectifera var. rosea

authorship: Desf.

Ophrys korae

authorship: M.Hirth & Paulus

Ophrys leochroma var. sanctae-marcellae

authorship: (Saliaris, A.Saliaris & A.Alibertis) P.Delforge

Ophrys lychnitis

authorship: Paulus & M.Hirth

Ophrys neglecta

authorship: Parl.

Ophrys riphaea

authorship: (F.M.Vázquez) P.Delforge

Ophrys rosea

authorship: Grande

authorship: (Desf.) Grande

authorship: (Desf.) Samp.

authorship: (Desf.) Dufour

Ophrys rosea subsp. neglecta

authorship: (Parl.) Guadagno

Ophrys sinileonis

authorship: Licheri & Biagioli

Ophrys spectabilis

authorship: (Kreutz & Zelesny) Paulus

Ophrys tabanifera

authorship: Sieber ex Nyman

Ophrys tenoreana

authorship: Lindl.

Ophrys tenthredinifera f. lutescens

authorship: (Batt.) Raynaud

Ophrys tenthredinifera prol. neglecta

authorship: (Parl.) Rouy

Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. aprilia

authorship: (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Kreutz

Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. dictynnae

authorship: (P.Delforge) Kreutz

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. ficalhoana

authorship: (J.A.Guim.) M.R.Lowe & D.Tyteca

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. grandiflora

authorship: (Ten.) Kreutz

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. guimaraesii

Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. neglecta

authorship: (Parl.) E.G.Camus, Bergon & A.Camus

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. sanctae-marcellae

authorship: Saliaris, A.Saliaris & A.Alibertis

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. spectabilis

authorship: Kreutz & Zelesny

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. tingurtiae

authorship: Kreutz, Miara, Ait-Hamm. & Rebbas

Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. villosa

authorship: (Desf.) H.Baumann & Künkele

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera subvar. choffatii

authorship: (J.A.Guim.) E.G.Camus

Ophrys tenthredinifera subvar. praecox

authorship: (J.A.Guim.) Rchb.f. ex E.G.Camus

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. aprilia

authorship: (Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.) Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. dictynnae

authorship: (P.Delforge) Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. dimidiata

authorship: (Rakosy, Paulus & M.Hirth) Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. expansa

authorship: Lumare & Medagli

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. grandiflora

authorship: (Ten.) Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. guimaraesii

authorship: (D.Tyteca) Kreutz

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. involucrata

authorship: Costa

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. korae

authorship: (M.Hirth & Paulus) Galanos & Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. leochroma

authorship: (P.Delforge) Galanos & Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. lutescens

authorship: Batt.

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. marianica

authorship: Rivas Goday & Bellot

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. neglecta

authorship: (Parl.) P.Fourn.

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. riphaea

authorship: (F.M.Vázquez) Hennecke

name: Ophrys tenthredinifera var. sanctae-marcellae

authorship: (Saliaris, A.Saliaris & A.Alibertis) Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. spectabilis

authorship: (Kreutz & Zelesny) Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. tingurtiae

authorship: (Kreutz, Miara, Ait-Hamm. & Rebbas) Hennecke

Ophrys tenthredinifera var. villosa

authorship: (Desf.) Galanos & Hennecke

Ophrys tetuanensis

authorship: Pau

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Офрис пилильщиконосная

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Andrena humilis
Andrena hesperia
Andrena mocsaryi
Andrena rugothorace
Ceratina loewi
Chelostoma emarginatum
Dasyscolia ciliata


slug: ophrys-umbilicata

scientific: Ophrys umbilicata

authorship: Desf.

epithet: umbilicata

Ophrys arachnites subsp. attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) K.Richt.

Ophrys arachnites var. attica

authorship: Boiss. & Orph.

Ophrys astarte

authorship: Devillers & Devillers-Tersch.

Ophrys attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) Soó

Ophrys attica f. flavomarginata

authorship: Renz

Ophrys attica subsp. carmeli

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Shifman

Ophrys beerii

authorship: (Shifman) Kreutz

Ophrys bucephala

authorship: Gölz & H.R.Reinhard

Ophrys calycadniensis

authorship: (Perschke) P.Delforge

Ophrys carmeli

authorship: H.Fleischm. & Bornm.

Ophrys carmeli subsp. attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) Renz

Ophrys carmeli subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Renz) Soó

Ophrys cornuta var. orientalis

authorship: (Renz) Hennecke

Ophrys dinsmorei

authorship: Schltr.

Ophrys flavomarginata

authorship: (Renz) H.Baumann & Künkele

Ophrys fuciflora prol. attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) Asch. & Graebn.

Ophrys holoserica subsp. attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) H.Sund.

Ophrys holoserica subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Renz) H.Sund.

Ophrys lapethica subsp. pamphylica

authorship: Kreutz

Ophrys latakiana

authorship: M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder

Ophrys latilabris

authorship: (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Shifman

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. latakiana

authorship: (M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder) Kreutz

Ophrys oestrifera subsp. umbilicata

authorship: (Desf.) Hayek

Ophrys pamphylica

authorship: (Kreutz) P.Delforge

Ophrys scolopax subsp. attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) E.Nelson

Ophrys scolopax subsp. lapethica

authorship: (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) G.Morschek & K.Morschek

Ophrys scolopax subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Renz) E.Nelson

Ophrys umbilicata subsp. attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) J.J.Wood

Ophrys umbilicata subsp. beerii

authorship: Shifman

Ophrys umbilicata subsp. calycadniensis

authorship: Perschke

Ophrys umbilicata subsp. carmeli

authorship: (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) J.J.Wood

Ophrys umbilicata subsp. latilabris

authorship: B.Baumann & H.Baumann

Ophrys umbilicata var. attica

authorship: (Boiss. & Orph.) Hennecke

Ophrys umbilicata var. beerii

authorship: (Shifman) Hennecke

Ophrys umbilicata var. bucephala

authorship: (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Hennecke

Ophrys umbilicata var. calycadniensis

authorship: (Perschke) Hennecke

Ophrys umbilicata var. latakiana

authorship: (M.Schönfelder & H.Schönfelder) Hennecke

codes: CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL TUR ALB GRC KRI TUE

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 744 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
الحاجبية المظلية
اوركيد النحله

names: Офрис пупочная

names: דבורנית דינסמור

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. x. (1807) 227. t. 15


slug: oplismenus-burmanni

scientific: Oplismenus burmanni

authorship: (Retz.) P.Beauv.

genus: Oplismenus

epithet: burmanni

family: Poaceae

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. : 54 (1812)

Hippagrostis burmanni

authorship: (Retz.) Kuntze

Oplismenus affinis

authorship: Schult.

Oplismenus albus

authorship: (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.

Oplismenus bromoides

authorship: (Lam.) P.Beauv.

Oplismenus burmanni f. cristata

authorship: (J.Presl) Hier. ex Peter

Oplismenus burmanni var. lanatus

authorship: (Buse) Backer

Oplismenus burmanni var. multisetus

authorship: (A.Rich.) U.Scholz

Oplismenus burmanni var. nudicaulis

authorship: (Vasey) McVaugh

Oplismenus gracilis

authorship: Schltdl.

Oplismenus gracillimus

authorship: Mez

Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. japonicus

authorship: (Steud.) U.Scholz

Oplismenus hookeri

authorship: Parl.

Oplismenus humboldtianus

authorship: Nees

name: Oplismenus humboldtianus var. nudicaulis

authorship: Vasey

Oplismenus indicus

authorship: Duthie

Oplismenus japonicus

authorship: (Steud.) Honda

Oplismenus javanicus

authorship: Klotzsch ex Schltdl.

Oplismenus mollissimus

authorship: Hochst. ex Steud.

Oplismenus preslei

authorship: Kunth

name: Oplismenus undulatifolius var. japonicus

authorship: (Steud.) Koidz.

Orthopogon albus

authorship: (Poir.) Nees ex Steud.

Orthopogon bromoides

authorship: Loudon

Orthopogon burmanni

authorship: (Retz.) R.Br.

Orthopogon burmanni var. glabrescens

authorship: Buse

Panicum album

authorship: Poir.

Panicum bromoides

authorship: Lam.

Panicum burmanni

authorship: Retz.

Panicum cristatum

authorship: (J.Presl) Steud.

Panicum francoi

authorship: Steud.

Panicum lappaceum

authorship: Willd. ex Spreng.

Panicum multisetum

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

codes: BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CVI CAF COM CON ZAI ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN LBR MDG MLW MAU MOZ NAM NGA TVL REU SEN SIE SOC SUD TAN TOG ZAM ZIM CHN CHC CHS KOR OMA TCS AND ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LDV LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NTA QLD TON

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Verde

code: CVI

region: Macaronesia

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 184 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: oplismenus-compositus

scientific: Oplismenus compositus

authorship: (L.) P.Beauv.

epithet: compositus

preferred: running mountaingrass

Andropogon undatus

authorship: Jacq.

Digitaria composita

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Digitaria elatior

authorship: Willd.

Echinochloa lanceolata

authorship: (Retz.) Roem. & Schult.

authorship: (Retz.) P.Beauv.

Hippagrostis composita

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Hippagrostis setaria

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

Oplismenus burmanni var. intermedius

authorship: Honda

Oplismenus compositus f. vittatus

authorship: (Bailey) Beetle

Oplismenus compositus subsp. patens

authorship: (Honda) T.Koyama

name: Oplismenus compositus var. angustifolius

Oplismenus compositus var. formosanus

authorship: (Honda) S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin

Oplismenus compositus var. intermedius

authorship: (Honda) Ohwi

Oplismenus compositus var. lasiorhachis

authorship: Hack.

Oplismenus compositus var. rariflorus

authorship: (J.Presl) U.Scholz

Oplismenus compositus var. setarius

authorship: (Lam.) F.M.Bailey

Oplismenus compositus var. submuticus

authorship: S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin

Oplismenus compositus var. sylvaticus

authorship: (Lam.) U.Scholz

Oplismenus coreanus

authorship: Nakai

Oplismenus decompositus

authorship: Nees

Oplismenus elatior

authorship: (L.f.) P.Beauv.

Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. setarius

authorship: (Lam.) Mez

authorship: (Lam.) Mez ex Ekman

Oplismenus indicus

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Oplismenus jacquinii

authorship: Sieber ex Steud.

Oplismenus junghuhnii

authorship: Boerl.

Oplismenus lanceolatus

authorship: (Retz.) Kunth

Oplismenus patens var. angustifolius

authorship: (L.C.Chia) S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin

Oplismenus pratensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Schult. & Schult.f.

Oplismenus setarius

authorship: (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.

Orthopogon compositus var. glabrescens

authorship: Büse

Orthopogon gonyrrhizus

authorship: Miq.

Orthopogon hirtellus

authorship: Llanos

Orthopogon junghuhnii

authorship: Nees ex Steud.

Orthopogon longiracemosus

authorship: (Steud.) Miq.

Orthopogon pratensis

authorship: Spreng.

Orthopogon remotus

authorship: Trin.

Orthopogon setarius

authorship: (Lam.) Spreng.

Orthopogon sylvaticus

authorship: (Lam.) Miq.

Panicum composito-proximum

authorship: Rottler

Panicum compositoproximum

authorship: Rottler ex Willd.

Panicum compositum

authorship: L.

Panicum compositum var. fimbriusculum

authorship: Döll

Panicum pratense

authorship: (Spreng.) Steud.

Panicum undatum

authorship: (Jacq.) Steud.

Panicum unguinosum

authorship: Roxb.

Pollinia jacquinii

authorship: Spreng. ex Steud.

Pollinia undata

authorship: (Jacq.) Spreng.

Urochloa aristata

authorship: (Retz.) B.D.Jacks.

codes: BUR COM EQG ERI ETH KEN MDG MLW MAU MOZ REU SEY SOC SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM CHC CHS CHH IRN JAP KZN KOR NNS OGA OMA TAI CHT TCS YEM AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD XMS EHM IND JAW LDV LAO LSI MLY MDV MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NSW NTA QLD ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO NCA OKL SCA TEX VRG CRL VAN AGE AGW BLZ BER BZS CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE TRT URU WIN

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Eritrea

code: ERI

Kenya

code: KEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
running mountaingrass
Awned Panick Grass

names: Остянка сложная

partners:
Melanitis leda
Borbo cinnara
Lonchura punctulata
Mycalesis gotama
Mycalesis ita
Omiodes accepta
Orsotriaena medus
Papio hamadryas

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)


slug: oplismenus-flavicomus

scientific: Oplismenus flavicomus

authorship: Mez

epithet: flavicomus

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 55 (1917)

Madagascar

code: MDG

lifeform: annual

climate: seasonally dry tropical

label: Growth habit

value: herb

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

value: therophyte

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Mez

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 55

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: oplismenus-hirtellus

scientific: Oplismenus hirtellus

authorship: (L.) P.Beauv.

epithet: hirtellus

preferred: basketgrass

Echinochloa cubensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Schult. & Schult.f.

Hekaterosachne elatior

authorship: Steud.

Hippagrostis hirtella

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Hippagrostis loliacea

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

Milium undulatifolium

authorship: Moench

Oplismenus acuminatus

authorship: Nees ex Steud.

Oplismenus aemulus

authorship: (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult.

Oplismenus aemulus var. flaccidus

authorship: (R.Br.) Domin

Oplismenus aemulus var. lasiorhachis

authorship: Domin

Oplismenus aristulatus

authorship: Burcham

Oplismenus barbifultus

authorship: Hochst. ex Hack.

authorship: Hochst.

Oplismenus borhidii

authorship: Catasús

Oplismenus brasiliensis

authorship: Raddi

Oplismenus brevisetus

authorship: (Steud.) Nees ex Steud.

Oplismenus compositus var. imbecilis

authorship: (R.Br.) F.M.Bailey

Oplismenus compositus var. loliaceus

authorship: (Lam.) Hack.

Oplismenus cubensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Kunth

Oplismenus hirtellus f. imbecillis

authorship: (R.Br.) U.Scholz

Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. capensis

authorship: Mez ex U.Scholz

name: Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. fasciculatus

Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. loliaceus

authorship: (Lam.) Mez ex Peter

name: Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. microphyllus

authorship: (Honda) U.Scholz

name: Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. psilostachys

name: Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. tsushimensis

Oplismenus hirtellus var. imbecillis

authorship: (R.Br.) Fosberg & Sachet

Oplismenus hirtellus var. microphyllus

authorship: (Honda) Fosberg & Sachet

name: Oplismenus imbecillis var. morrisonensis

authorship: Honda

Oplismenus latifolius

authorship: Haenke ex Steud.

Oplismenus microphyllus

authorship: Honda ex Ui

Oplismenus minor

authorship: Merr.

Oplismenus oahuaensis

authorship: Nees & Meyen ex Steud.

Oplismenus parvifolius

authorship: (Nutt.) Kunth

Oplismenus setarius var. imbecillis

authorship: (R.Br.) Hack.

name: Oplismenus undulatifolius var. imbecillis

name: Oplismenus undulatifolius var. lanceolatus

name: Oplismenus undulatifolius var. microphyllus

authorship: (Honda) Ohwi

Oplismenus velutinus

authorship: (G.Mey.) Schult.

Orthopogon africanus

authorship: Sweet

Orthopogon hirtellus

authorship: Nutt.

Orthopogon velutinus

authorship: (G.Mey.) Spreng.

Panicum aemulum

authorship: (R.Br.) Steud.

Panicum africanum

authorship: Poir.

Panicum balfourii

authorship: Baker

Panicum barbifultum

authorship: Hochst. ex Schltdl.

Panicum imbecille

authorship: (R.Br.) Trin.

Panicum incanum

authorship: Schumach.

Panicum loliaceum

authorship: Lam.

Panicum undulatifolium var. imbecille

authorship: (R.Br.) Kneuck.

Setaria hirtella

authorship: (L.) Schult.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CNY CPP CVI CAF COM CON ZAI EQG ERI SWZ ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MDR MLW MLI MAU NGA TVL ROD RWA REU SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI YEM BIS BOR JAW LSI MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SUL THA VIE KER NSW NZN NZS NFK NTA QLD VIC WAU FLA MXI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS CRL COO FIJ MRN MRQ NWC NUE PIT SAM SCI TON TUA TUB VAN WAL AGE AGW BAH BLZ BER BOL BZN BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN VNA WIN

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Остянка курчаволистная

partners:
Syndelphax nigripennis
Chlorotettix viridius
Lepyronia angulifera
Mycalesis gotama
Pseudoregma panicola
Toxidia rietmanni
Ypthima esakii


slug: oplismenus-undulatifolius-p-beauv

scientific: Oplismenus undulatifolius

epithet: undulatifolius

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. 54. 1812

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1988 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Wavy-leaf basketgrass
Wavyleaf basketgrass

names: Остянка курчаволистная

names: チヂミザサ 縮み笹

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. 54

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: oplismenus-undulatifolius-roem-schult

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

preferred: Wavyleaf basketgrass

Hippagrostis undulatifolia

authorship: (Ard.) Kuntze

Oplismenus africanus var. capensis

authorship: (Hochst.) Stapf

Oplismenus africanus var. simplex

authorship: Stapf

Oplismenus capensis

authorship: Hochst.

name: Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius

authorship: (Ard.) U.Scholz

Oplismenus mollis

authorship: (Domin) Clifford & G.P.Evans ex B.K.Simon

Oplismenus undulatifolius f. elongatus

authorship: (Honda) Y.N.Lee

Oplismenus undulatifolius var. binatus

authorship: S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin

name: Oplismenus undulatifolius var. elongatus

authorship: Honda

Oplismenus undulatifolius var. mollis

authorship: Domin

name: Oplismenus undulatifolius var. undulatifolius

Orthopogon bolosii

authorship: Vayr.

Orthopogon undulatifolius

authorship: (Ard.) Spreng.

Orthopogon undulatus

authorship: Link

Paniculum undulatifolium

authorship: Ard.

Panicum burmannii

authorship: Balb.

Panicum kraussii

authorship: Steud.

codes: BOT CMN CPP ZAI SWZ ETH KEN NAT MDG MLW MAU MOZ TVL REU TAN ZAM ZIM CHN CHC CHS IRN JAP KOR NNS NCS TAI TCS TUR ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LSI MOL MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI SRL SUL THA WHM NSW QLD ITA YUG SPA SWI

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mauritius

code: MAU

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Réunion

code: REU

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Iran

code: IRN

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

names:
Wavyleaf basketgrass
Wavy-leaf basketgrass

names: Остянка курчаволистная


slug: oplonia-spinosa

scientific: Oplonia spinosa

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

genus: Oplonia

epithet: spinosa

family: Acanthaceae

preferred: pricklybush

Anthacanthus emarginatus

authorship: (Desf. ex Link) Nees

Anthacanthus spinosus

authorship: (Jacq.) Nees

Anthacanthus spinosus var. horridus

authorship: Nees

Eranthemum emarginatum

authorship: Desf. ex Link

Eranthemum spinosum

authorship: (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Hesperanthemum microphyllum

authorship: Kuntze

Justicia spinosa

authorship: Jacq.

codes: BAH CUB DOM HAI LEE PUE TCI

Bahamas

code: BAH

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Caribbean

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Aruña canilla
espinosa

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: vine

value: woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Raf.

published_in: Fl. Tellur. 4: 65

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: oplopanax-elatus

scientific: Oplopanax elatus

authorship: (Nakai) Nakai

genus: Oplopanax

epithet: elatus

family: Araliaceae

Echinopanax elatus

authorship: Nakai

Oplopanax horridus subsp. elatus

authorship: (Nakai) H.Hara

codes: KOR CHM PRM

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

climate: temperate

names:
Japanese devil's-club
Tall oplopanax

names: 刺参 东北刺人参

names: Заманиха высокая

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Height

category: Size

value: 3 m

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Nakai

published_in: Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 38


slug: oplopanax-horridus

scientific: Oplopanax horridus

authorship: (Sm.) Miq.

epithet: horridus

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi  1: 16 (1863)

preferred: Devil's Club

english:
Devil's Club
Devil's-club
devilsclub

source: inat

Aralia erinacea

authorship: Hook.

Aralia occidentalis

authorship: Schltdl. ex Ledeb.

Echinopanax horridus

authorship: (Sm.) Decne. & Planch. ex Harms

Fatsia horrida

authorship: (Sm.) Hemsl.

Horsfieldia horrida

authorship: (Sm.) Seem.

Panax horridus

authorship: Sm.

Ricinophyllum americanum

authorship: Pall. ex Ledeb.

Ricinophyllum horridum

authorship: (Sm.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

codes: ASK ABT BRC IDA MIC MNT ONT ORE WAS YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Michigan

code: MIC

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1959 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Devil's Club
Devil's-club

names: Заманиха ощетиненная

partners:
Evodinus monticola vancouveri
Evodinus vancouveri

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Baccha cognata
Bombus melanopygus
Evodinus vancouveri

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: oplopanax-japonicus

scientific: Oplopanax japonicus

epithet: japonicus

Aralia faribuki

authorship: Siebold ex Miq.

Aralia laribuki

authorship: Keiske ex Miq.

Echinopanax horridus subsp. japonicus

authorship: (Nakai) Hultén

Oplopanax japonicus var. brevilobus

authorship: (H.Hara) Yonek.

Japan

code: JAP

value: tree

authors: (Nakai) Nakai

published_in: Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 38, in clavi; Hara in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ.Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot., vi. 90 (1952)

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opopanax-chironius

scientific: Opopanax chironius

authorship: (L.) W.D.J.Koch

genus: Opopanax

epithet: chironius

family: Apiaceae

published_in: Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 96 (1824)

Dorema chironium

authorship: (L.) M.Hiroe

Laserpitium chironium

authorship: L.

Malabaila opoponax

authorship: Baill.

Malabaila orientalis

authorship: Benth. & Hook.f. ex Arcang.

Maspeton chironium

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Opopanax bulgaricus

authorship: Velen.

Opopanax chironius subsp. bulgaricus

authorship: (Vel.) N.Andreev

Opopanax glaber

authorship: Bernh.

Opopanax opopanax

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Pastinaca altissima

authorship: Lam.

Selinum opopanax

authorship: (L.) Crantz

Siler chironium

authorship: Crantz

codes: ALB BUL FRA GRC ITA YUG ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ferulic-acid

activities:
Allelopathic
Analgesic
Antiaggregant
Antiallergic
Antiarrhythmic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Colon)
Anticancer (Forestomach)

Umbelliferone

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Antibacterial Antiedemic Antihistaminic Antiinflammatory Antimitotic Antimutagenic

Delta-cadinene

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiacne Antibacterial Anticariogenic Antistreptococcic Cytochrome-P450-Inducer P450-Inducer Pesticide

Falcarinone

activities: Fungicide Pesticide Phytoalexin

Beta-elemene

activities:
Anticancer (Cervix)
Antigliomic
Antiproliferant
Antitumor (Cervix)
Apoptotic

Humulene

activities: Antimalarial Antiplasmodial

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opopanax-hispidus

scientific: Opopanax hispidus

authorship: (Friv.) Griseb.

epithet: hispidus

Ferula hispida

authorship: Friv.

Ferula opoponax

authorship: Spreng.

Johrenia lycaonica

authorship: Bornm.

Opopanax orientalis

authorship: Boiss.

Opopanax siculus

authorship: A.Huet ex Nyman

Pastinaca hispida

authorship: (Friv.) Fenzl

Pastinaca involucrata

authorship: Stokes

Peucedanum syriacum

authorship: (Boiss.) M.Hiroe

codes: CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS TCS TUR ALB BUL GRC ITA KRI YUG SIC TUE

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Опопанакс щетинистый

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Griseb.

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-anacantha

scientific: Opuntia anacantha

authorship: Speg.

genus: Opuntia

epithet: anacantha

family: Cactaceae

published_in: in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 391. 1904.

Opuntia fuscolineata

authorship: Starm. & Mucher

Opuntia platynoda

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia roborensis

authorship: Cárdenas

Opuntia vitelliniflora

authorship: (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves

Platyopuntia kiska-loro

authorship: (Speg.) F.Ritter

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

authors: Speg.

published_in: Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires xi. 513

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-arechavaletae

scientific: Opuntia arechavaletae

epithet: arechavaletae

published_in: Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires ser. 3, 4: 520 (1905)

Opuntia monacantha subsp. arechavaletae

authorship: (Speg.) Guiggi

codes: AGE BZS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 200 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Arumbeba-amarela Arumbeba-juba

names: Опунция одноколючковая


slug: opuntia-arenaria

scientific: Opuntia arenaria

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: arenaria

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 301. 1856.

Opuntia polyacantha var. arenaria

authorship: (Engelm.) B.D.Parfitt

codes: MXE NWM TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: succulent subshrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 301. [prepr. p. 45. 1856]


slug: opuntia-aurantiaca

scientific: Opuntia aurantiaca

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: aurantiaca

published_in: in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1606. 1833.

preferred: Jointed Pricklypear

english:
Jointed Pricklypear
Ttiger-pear
tiger-pear

Austrocylindropuntia maldonadensis

authorship: (Arechav.) Backeb.

Cactus aurantiaca

authorship: Gillies ex Loudon

Opuntia extensa

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia maldonadensis

authorship: Arechav.

codes: AGE URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 496 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Jointed Pricklypear
tiger-pear

names: Lidjieskaktus Litjieskaktus

value: subshrub

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1606


slug: opuntia-aurea

scientific: Opuntia aurea

epithet: aurea

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 5(6): 489–490. 1933.

preferred: Golden Prickly-pear

english:
Golden Prickly-pear
Golden Pricklypear
golden pricklypear

Opuntia basilaris var. aurea

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) W.T.Marshall

Opuntia erinacea var. aurea

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) S.L.Welsh

Opuntia lubrica var. aurea

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) Backeb.

codes: ARI UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1069 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Golden Prickly-pear
golden pricklypear

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 5(6): 489 (-490; photogrs.)


slug: opuntia-azurea

scientific: Opuntia azurea

authorship: Rose

epithet: azurea

Opuntia macrocentra subsp. azurea

authorship: (Rose) Guiggi

codes: MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 563 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Brown-spined Prickly-pear
Brownspine Pricklypear

names:
Nopal Pardo
Nopal de Chihuahua

names: Опунция тёмноколючковая

names: アラエビス（荒戎） タムラ（田村）

names:
/
Oponce a epines sombres

authors: Rose

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 291, pl. 24


slug: opuntia-basilaris

scientific: Opuntia basilaris

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

epithet: basilaris

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298–299. 1856.

preferred: Beavertail Pricklypear

english:
Beavertail Pricklypear
Beaver Tail Prickly Pear
Beavertail Cactus
Beavertail Prickly-pear
beavertail pricklypear

Opuntia basilaris subsp. brachyclada

authorship: (Griffiths) Guiggi

Opuntia basilaris subsp. treleasei

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Guiggi

Opuntia basilaris subsp. whitneyana

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) Munz

Opuntia basilaris var. albiflora

authorship: Walton

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) W.T.Marshall & T.M.Bock

Opuntia basilaris var. cordata

authorship: Fobe

Opuntia basilaris var. humistrata

authorship: (Griffiths) W.T.Marshall

Opuntia basilaris var. ramosa

authorship: Parish

Opuntia brachyclada

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia brachyclada subsp. humistrata

authorship: (Griffiths) Wiggins & C.B.Wolf

Opuntia longiareolata

authorship: Clover & Jotter

Opuntia treleasei var. kernii

authorship: Griffiths & Hare

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV UTA

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1923 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Opuntia microdasys

slug: opuntia-microdasys

names: Опунция низовая

names: ゲッカウチワ（月下団扇） ソウセイウチワ（叢生団扇）

partners:
Apis mellifera
Diadasia australis
Lithurgopsis apicalis
Lytta auriculata
Lytta stygica
Trichodes ornatus
Acmaeodera labyrinthica
Augochlorella pomoniella

partners:
Chelinidea vittiger
Diadasia australis
Trichodes ornatus

partners:
Ammospermophilus leucurus
Dyotopasta yumaella
Megandrena enceliae
Trichodes ornatus


slug: opuntia-boldinghii

scientific: Opuntia boldinghii

authorship: Britton & Rose

epithet: boldinghii

names:
Broad prickly pear
Jumbie Prickle

names:
Cactus raquette à fleurs rouges
Oponce élévé

authors: Britton & Rose

published_in: Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) 1: 155, pl. 26, fig. 3


slug: opuntia-bonaerensis

scientific: Opuntia bonaerensis

authorship: Speg.

epithet: bonaerensis

published_in: Contr. Fl. Tandil: 18. 1901.

Opuntia elata subsp. bonaerensis

authorship: (Speg.) Guiggi

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 393 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Orange Tuna
Riverina pear

names: Arumbeba-espinhenta Arumbeba-tiçú

names: タカウチワ（高団扇） ツヤハダウチワ（艶肌団扇）

published_in: Contr. Fl. Tandil 18


slug: opuntia-bravoana

scientific: Opuntia bravoana

authorship: Baxter

epithet: bravoana

published_in: in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 4: 149. 1933.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 天河 银河水

names: Опунция Браво

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 5: 436 (fig.)


slug: opuntia-camanchica

scientific: Opuntia camanchica

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

epithet: camanchica

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 293. 1856.

preferred: tulip pricklypear

source: usda

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 335 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol OPCA7

license: public domain


slug: opuntia-caracassana

scientific: Opuntia caracassana

authorship: Salm-Dyck

epithet: caracassana

Opuntia bisetosa

authorship: Pittier

Opuntia tunoides

authorship: Britton & Shafer ex Bold.

codes: ARU CLM NLA TRT VEN VNA

Aruba

code: ARU

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 765 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Salm-Dyck

published_in: Cact. Hort. Dyck., Anno 1849. 238


slug: opuntia-cespitosa

scientific: Opuntia cespitosa

authorship: Raf.

epithet: cespitosa

published_in: in: Seringe, N. C., Bull. Bot.: 216. 1830.

Opuntia humifusa f. jeollaensis

authorship: E.J.Kim & S.S.Whang

Opuntia humifusa subsp. minor

authorship: (Engelm.) R.Crook & Mottram

Opuntia mesacantha var. microsperma

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) J.M.Coult.

Opuntia rafinesquei f. arkansana

authorship: (Engelm. ex Rümpler) Schelle

Opuntia rafinesquei var. arkansana

authorship: Engelm. ex Rümpler

Opuntia rafinesquei var. microsperma

authorship: Engelm.

codes: ALA ARK CNT GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NWY OHI ONT PEN TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2017 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Bombus griseocollis
Dialictus
Lithurgopsis gibbosa
Lycaena hypophlaeas
Strigoderma arbicola
Xylocopa virginica

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Augochlora pura
Bombus griseocollis
Dialictus
Dielis plumipes
Lithurgopsis gibbosa
Xylocopa virginica


slug: opuntia-chisosensis

scientific: Opuntia chisosensis

authorship: (M.S.Anthony) D.J.Ferguson

epithet: chisosensis

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 58(3): 124. 1986.

preferred: Chisos Mountain pricklypear

source: wikidata

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chisos Mountain pricklypear
Chisos Mountain Prickly Pear

authors: (M.S.Anthony) D.J.Ferguson

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 58(3): 124


slug: opuntia-chlorotica

scientific: Opuntia chlorotica

epithet: chlorotica

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 291-292. 1856.

preferred: Dollar-joint Prickly-pear

english:
Dollar-joint Prickly-pear
Dollar-joint Pricklypear
Pancake Pricklypear
dollarjoint pricklypear

Opuntia palmeri

authorship: Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NEV NWM UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Опунция зеленовато-жёлтая

value: CAM


slug: opuntia-clarkiorum

scientific: Opuntia clarkiorum

authorship: Rebman

epithet: clarkiorum

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

authors: Rebman

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-cochenillifera

scientific: Opuntia cochenillifera

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: cochenillifera

published_in: Gard. Dict.: Opuntia No. 6. 1768.

preferred: cochineal nopal cactus

Cactus campechianus

authorship: Lancry

authorship: Thierry

Cactus cochenillifer

authorship: L.

Cactus subinermis

authorship: Link ex Steud.

Nopalea brittonii

authorship: Houghton

Nopalea coccifera

authorship: Lem.

Nopalea cochenillifera

authorship: (L.) Salm-Dyck

Nopalea nuda

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia coccinellifera

authorship: Steud.

Opuntia cochenillifera

authorship: DC.

Opuntia magnifolia

authorship: Noronha

Opuntia nuda

authorship: (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: succulent tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cochineal cactus
cochineal nopal cactus

names:
Nopal de cochinilla
nopal de la cochinilla

names: cacto-de-cochonilha palma

names:
Figuier de Barbarie
cochenillier

partners:
Archilochus colubris
Xylocopa mordax

partners:
Toxostoma curvirostre
Xylocopa mordax

value: chamaephyte

value: 4 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen


slug: opuntia-comonduensis

scientific: Opuntia comonduensis

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose

epithet: comonduensis

published_in: in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 519. 1908.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 519


slug: opuntia-cubensis

scientific: Opuntia cubensis

authorship: Britton & Rose

epithet: cubensis

preferred: bullsuckers

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

names:
bullsuckers
Cuban pricklypear

published_in: Torreya 12: 14

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-curvispina

scientific: Opuntia curvispina

authorship: Griffiths

epithet: curvispina

published_in: in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 88. 1916.

codes: ARI CAL UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Griffiths

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 88 (t. 2)

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: opuntia-cymochila

scientific: Opuntia cymochila

authorship: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

epithet: cymochila

published_in: in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 295–296. 1856.

preferred: grassland pricklypear

Opuntia mesacantha var. cymochila

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) J.M.Coult.

Opuntia rafinesquei f. cymochila

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Schelle

Opuntia tortispina var. cymochila

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Backeb.

codes: COL KAN NEB NWM TEX

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Nebraska

code: NEB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1221 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
grassland pricklypear
Grassland Prickly Pear

names: Опунция скрученноиглая

partners:
Diadasia australis
Lithurgopsis apicalis

authors: Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 3): 42

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: opuntia-decumbens

scientific: Opuntia decumbens

authorship: Salm-Dyck

epithet: decumbens

Opuntia decumbens var. longispina

authorship: Eichlam

Opuntia fortanelli

authorship: Reyes-Agüero, Orta & Heindorf

Opuntia repens

authorship: Karw. ex Salm-Dyck

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

El Salvador

code: ELS

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1239 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
arpón
lengua de vaca

partners:
Augochlora aurifera
Frieseomelitta nigra
Phoebis sennae marcellina

value: herb

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: opuntia-dejecta

scientific: Opuntia dejecta

epithet: dejecta

Nopalea dejecta

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck

Opuntia diffusa

authorship: Pfeiff.

Opuntia horizontalis

authorship: Gillies ex Pfeiff.

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS CUB ELS GUA NIC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

published_in: Hort. Dyck. 361

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-depressa

scientific: Opuntia depressa

authorship: Rose

epithet: depressa

published_in: in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 517. 1908.

codes: MXC MXG MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nopal de monte
Nopal rastrero

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 517

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: opuntia-dillenii

scientific: Opuntia dillenii

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

epithet: dillenii

preferred: erect pricklypear

Cactus dillenii

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta var. dillenii

authorship: (Ker Gawl.) L.D.Benson

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 956 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
erect pricklypear
Dillen's Prickly Pear

names:
Nopal serrero
chumbera

names: Opúncia palma-de-espinho

names: Опунция сжатая

names: Oponce de Dillénius, Raquette de Dillénius, Raquette à fleurs jaunes, Figuier de Barbarie de Dillénius

names: geeldoringturksvy pypsteelturksvy

partners:
Acridotheres tristis
Cinnyris asiaticus
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvus splendens
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
Leptocoma zeylonica
Oriolus kundoo
Pastor roseus

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

value: phanerophyte

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: green

label: Flower colour

value: yellow

label: Bloom period

value: Spring

value: Apr-Jul

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Haw.

published_in: Suppl. Pl. Succ. 79


slug: opuntia-diploursina

scientific: Opuntia diploursina

authorship: Stock, N.Hussey & Beckstrom

epithet: diploursina

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 86: 79. 2014.

Arizona

code: ARI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 302 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Grizzly Bear Cactus
Mojave prickly-pear

authors: Stock, N.Hussey & Beckstrom

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 86(2): 79, photogrs., map


slug: opuntia-drummondii

scientific: Opuntia drummondii

authorship: Graham

epithet: drummondii

published_in: in Botanist 5: pl. 246. 1846.

Opuntia frustulenta

authorship: Gibbes

Opuntia pes-corvi

authorship: Leconte ex Engelm.

Opuntia pescorvae

authorship: Leconte ex Chapman

Opuntia tracyi

authorship: Britton

codes: ALA FLA GEO MSI NCA SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cockspur Prickly Pear
Creeping Cactus

authors: Graham in Maund & Hensl.

published_in: Botanist 5: pl. 246

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: opuntia-elata

scientific: Opuntia elata

authorship: Link & Otto ex Salm-Dyck

epithet: elata

Opuntia alko-tuna

authorship: Cárdenas

Opuntia bispinosa

authorship: Backeb.

Opuntia chakensis

authorship: Speg.

Opuntia delaetiana

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Vaupel

Opuntia limitata

authorship: (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves

name: Opuntia vitelliniflora subsp. interjecta

Platyopuntia cardiosperma

authorship: (K.Schum.) F.Ritter

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 269 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Orange Tuna
Riverina pear

names: Arumbeba-espinhenta Arumbeba-tiçú

names: タカウチワ（高団扇） ツヤハダウチワ（艶肌団扇）

value: shrub

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: woody

label: Life form

value: lithophyte

value: perennial

authors: Link & Otto

published_in: Verh. Vereins Beford. Gartenbaues Konigl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 432


slug: opuntia-elatior

scientific: Opuntia elatior

authorship: Mill.

epithet: elatior

published_in: Gard. Dict.: Opuntia No. 4. 1768.

Cactus elatior

authorship: (Mill.) Willd.

Cactus nigricans

authorship: Haw.

Cactus tuna var. elatior

authorship: (Mill.) Sims

Cactus tuna var. nigricans

authorship: (Haw.) Sims

Opuntia altomagdalenensis

authorship: Xhonneux

Opuntia bergeriana

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex A.Berger

Opuntia nigricans

authorship: (Haw.) Haw.

codes: CLM COS LEE NLA PAN TRT VEN VNA

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Panamá

code: PAN

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

lifeform: succulent shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 349 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Broad prickly pear
Jumbie Prickle

names:
Cactus raquette à fleurs rouges
Oponce élévé

label: Growth habit

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 4

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: opuntia-engelmannii

scientific: Opuntia engelmannii

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.

epithet: engelmannii

preferred: Engelmann's Pricklypear

english:
Engelmann's Pricklypear
Cactus-apple
Engelmann's Prickly Pear
cactus apple

Opuntia alta

authorship: Griffiths

Opuntia bensonii

authorship: Sánchez-Mej.

Opuntia cacanapa

authorship: Griffiths & Hare

Opuntia cantabrigiensis

authorship: Lynch

Opuntia convexa

authorship: Mackensen

Opuntia engelmannii f. occidentalis

authorship: (Engelm.) Schelle

Opuntia engelmannii subsp. flavispina

authorship: (L.D.Benson) Guiggi

Opuntia engelmannii subsp. lindheimeri

authorship: (Engelm.) U.Guzmán & Mandujano

Opuntia engelmannii subsp. occidentalis

authorship: Engelm.

Opuntia engelmannii var. alta

authorship: (Griffiths) D.Weniger

Opuntia engelmannii var. cacanapa

authorship: (Griffiths & Hare) D.Weniger

Opuntia engelmannii var. discata

authorship: (Griffiths) A.Nelson

Opuntia engelmannii var. flavescens

authorship: (Peebles) L.D.Benson

Opuntia engelmannii var. megacarpa

authorship: (Griffiths) Fosberg

Opuntia flavescens

authorship: Peebles

name: Opuntia lindheimeri subsp. cantabrigiensis

authorship: (Lynch) Guiggi

Opuntia lindheimeri var. linguiformis

authorship: (Griffiths) L.D.Benson

Opuntia lindheimeri var. subarmata

authorship: (Griffiths) Elizondo & Wehbe

Opuntia neochrysacantha

authorship: Bravo

Opuntia occidentalis var. megacarpa

authorship: (Griffiths) Munz

Opuntia phaeacantha var. discata

authorship: (Griffiths) L.D.Benson & Walk.

Opuntia phaeacantha var. laevis

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) L.D.Benson

codes: ARI CAL LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NEV NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1969 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: Опунция Энгельманна

partners:
Calypte costae
Diadasia rinconis
Melissodes communis communis
Cynanthus latirostris

partners:
Agapostemon angelicus
Agapostemon obliquus
Agapostemon tyleri
Andrena fracta
Anthidium jocosum
Apis mellifera
Ashmeadiella clypeodentata
Ashmeadiella leucozona

partners:
Chelinidea vittiger
Diadasia rinconis
Euscirrhopterus cosyra
Haemorhous mexicanus
Leptonycteris

partners:
Encarsia subelongata
Jaliscoa hunteri
Plagiomerus diaspidis


slug: opuntia-excelsa

scientific: Opuntia excelsa

authorship: Sánchez-Mej.

epithet: excelsa

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 17(3): 67. 1972.

codes: MXN MXS

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Amazilia rutila
Cynanthus canivetii
Heliomaster constantii

partners:
Amazilia rutila
Heliomaster constantii
Cynanthus canivetii
Macrotera pipiyolin

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: tree

label: Woodiness

authors: Sánchez-Mej.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.