slug: vigna-vexillata

scientific: Vigna vexillata

authorship: (L.) A.Rich.

epithet: vexillata

preferred: zombi pea

Dolichos angustifolius

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vahl ex Guill. & Perr.

Dolichos capensis

authorship: L.

Dolichos cylindricus

authorship: Desv.

Dolichos plectrotropis

authorship: Steud.

Dolichos stenophyllus

authorship: Gagnep.

Dolichos vexillatus

authorship: (L.) Kunth

Phaseolus afer

authorship: Haberle ex Steud.

Phaseolus angustifolius

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) Graham

Phaseolus asperrimus

authorship: Schrank

Phaseolus capensis

authorship: Thunb.

authorship: sensu Thunb.

Phaseolus fusiformis

authorship: Graham

Phaseolus glycinaeformis

authorship: Weinm.

Phaseolus humifusus

authorship: Savi

Phaseolus novo-guineensis

authorship: Warb.

Phaseolus pulniensis

authorship: Wight

Phaseolus quadrifarius

authorship: Baker

Phaseolus quadriflorus

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Phaseolus sepiarius

authorship: Dalzell

Plectrotropis angustifolia

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

authorship: Schum. & Thonn.

Vigna angustifolia

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook.f.

Vigna capensis

authorship: (E.Mey.) Burtt Davy

authorship: Walp.

Vigna carinalis

authorship: Benth.

Vigna davyi

authorship: Bolus

Vigna dolichonema

authorship: Harms

Vigna hirta

authorship: Hook.

Vigna scabra

authorship: Sond.

Vigna sepiaria

authorship: Crevost & Lemarié

Vigna valetonii

authorship: Pulle

Vigna vexillata f. angustifoliola

authorship: Domin

Vigna vexillata f. leiocarpa

authorship: Vatke

Vigna vexillata var. dolichonema

authorship: (Harms) Verdc.

Vigna vexillata var. hirta

authorship: (Hook.) Baker f.

Vigna vexillata var. linearis

authorship: Craib

Vigna vexillata var. pluriflora

authorship: Franch.

Vigna vexillata var. thonningii

authorship: (Hook.f.) Baker

Vigna vexillata var. tuberosa

authorship: (A.Rich.) Chiov.

Vigna wightii

authorship: Benth. ex Bedd.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPP CAF CHA CON ZAI ERI SWZ ETH OFS GAB GAM GHA GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MLI MTN MOZ NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS YEM AND ASS BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP PAK SRL THA VIE WHM NSW NTA QLD WAU MXC MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL CPI CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 734 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Euchrysops cnejus
Olonia albomarginata
Olonia aschei


slug: viguiera-decurrens

scientific: Viguiera decurrens

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Gray

genus: Viguiera

epithet: decurrens

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 5 (1883)

Gonzalezia decurrens

authorship: (A.Gray) E.E.Schill. & Panero

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: MXE MXN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

authors: (A.Gray) A.Gray

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xix. 5

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: viguiera-deltoidea

scientific: Viguiera deltoidea

epithet: deltoidea

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 161 (1861)

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

names:
Tacote Chino
tacote

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 161

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: viguiera-dentata

scientific: Viguiera dentata

authorship: (Cav.) Spreng.

epithet: dentata

preferred: toothleaf goldeneye

source: wikidata

Aspilia laxa

authorship: (DC.) S.F.Blake

Encelia montana

authorship: Brandegee

Helianthella latifolia

authorship: Scheele

Helianthus dentatus

authorship: Cav.

Helianthus triqueter

authorship: Ortega

Viguiera brevifolia

authorship: Greenm.

Viguiera brevipes

authorship: DC.

Viguiera dentata var. helianthoides

authorship: (Kunth) S.F.Blake

Viguiera helianthoides

authorship: Kunth

Viguiera laxa var. brevipes

authorship: (DC.) A.Gray

Viguiera nelsonii

authorship: B.L.Rob. & Greenm.

Viguiera pedunculata

authorship: Seaton

Viguiera texana

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM TEX BLZ GUA HON

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Belize

code: BLZ

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

lifeform: perennial or shrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1992 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
toothleaf goldeneye
Golden-Eye

names: Chamiso Tahonal

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Lasioglossum
Nannotrigona perilampoides
Anthidiellum apicale
Augochlora
Augochlora aurifera
Augochlora sidaefoliae
Augochlorella pomoniella
Augochloropsis

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Acmaeodera opacula
Apis mellifera
Chlosyne lacinia
Danaus gilippus
Danaus plexippus
Euodynerus hidalgo
Horama panthalon
Hypocala andremona

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acmaeodera flavomarginata
Allograpta
Apis mellifera
Callandrena
Carmenta armasata
Chlosyne lacinia
Danaus gilippus
Danaus plexippus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: subshrub

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: viguiera-excelsa

scientific: Viguiera excelsa

authorship: (Willd.) Benth. & Hook.f.

epithet: excelsa

Aldama excelsa

authorship: (Willd.) E.E.Schill. & Panero

Helianthus excelsus

authorship: Willd.

Tithonia excelsa

authorship: (Willd.) DC.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 107 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Willd.) Benth. & Hook.f.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viguiera-fusiformis

scientific: Viguiera fusiformis

epithet: fusiformis

Aldama fusiformis

authorship: (S.F.Blake) E.E.Schill. & Panero

Rhysolepis fusiformis

authorship: (S.F.Blake) H.Rob. & A.J.Moore

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 54: 145


slug: viguiera-gilliesii

scientific: Viguiera gilliesii

authorship: Hieron.

epithet: gilliesii

Aldama gilliesii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) E.E.Schill. & Panero

Flourensia hispida

authorship: Phil.

Helianthus heteropappus

authorship: Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Leighia gilliesii

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Rhysolepis gilliesii

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) H.Rob. & A.J.Moore

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

authors: Hieron.

published_in: Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 4: 39

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viguiera-lanata

scientific: Viguiera lanata

epithet: lanata

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xvii. (1881-82) 218.

Bahiopsis lanata

authorship: Kellogg

names:
Silver-leaved Goldeneye
Silver-leaved Sunflower

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 218

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viguiera-linearis

scientific: Viguiera linearis

authorship: (Cav.) Sch.Bip. ex Hemsl.

epithet: linearis

Aldama linearis

authorship: (Cav.) E.E.Schill. & Panero

Helianthus linearis

authorship: Cav.

Helianthus squarrosus

authorship: Kunth

Leighia linearis

authorship: (Cav.) DC.

Rhysolepis linearis

authorship: (Cav.) H.Rob. & A.J.Moore

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 333 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Cav.) Sch.Bip. ex Hemsl.

published_in: Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(8): 178


slug: viguiera-pazensis

scientific: Viguiera pazensis

authorship: Rusby

epithet: pazensis

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3, n.° 3: 59 (1893)

Flourensia atacamensis

authorship: Reiche

Rhysolepis helianthoides

authorship: (Rich.) H.Rob. & A.J.Moore

Sanvitalia helianthoides

authorship: Rich. ex Willd.

codes: AGW CLN PER

Chile North

code: CLN

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 151 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Rusby

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3, no. 3: 59


slug: viguiera-sphaerocephala

scientific: Viguiera sphaerocephala

authorship: Hemsl.

epithet: sphaerocephala

Dendroviguiera sphaerocephala

authorship: (DC.) E.E.Schill. & Panero

Leighia sphaerocephala

authorship: DC.

name: Viguiera sphaerocephala var. sphaerocephala

codes: MXC MXE MXS

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(8): 179


slug: viguiera-tucumanensis

scientific: Viguiera tucumanensis

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Griseb.

epithet: tucumanensis

published_in: Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 183 (1874)

Aldama tucumanensis

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) E.E.Schill. & Panero

codes: AGE AGW BOL

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hook. & Arn.) Griseb.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viguierella-madagascariensis

scientific: Viguierella madagascariensis

genus: Viguierella

epithet: madagascariensis

family: Poaceae

published_in: Bull. Bi-mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 5: 11 (1926)

Madagascar

code: MDG

continent: AFRICA

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: annual

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: therophyte

published_in: Bull. Bi-Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 1926. v. 11


slug: villadia-albiflora

scientific: Villadia albiflora

authorship: (Hemsl.) Rose

genus: Villadia

epithet: albiflora

family: Crassulaceae

Altamiranoa albiflora

authorship: (Hemsl.) E.Walther

codes: MXC MXT MXS

lifeform: succulent subshrub

authors: (Hemsl.) Rose


slug: villadia-aristata

scientific: Villadia aristata

authorship: Moran

epithet: aristata

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 62: 180 (1990)

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Moran

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 62: 181 (-182), figs


slug: villadia-cucullata

scientific: Villadia cucullata

authorship: Rose

epithet: cucullata

published_in: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 4 (1903)

Altamiranoa cucullata

authorship: (Rose) E.Walther

codes: MXG MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Rose

published_in: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 4

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: villadia-guatemalensis

scientific: Villadia guatemalensis

epithet: guatemalensis

codes: MXS GUA

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 396


slug: villadia-misera

scientific: Villadia misera

authorship: (Lindl.) R.T.Clausen

epithet: misera

published_in: Sedum Trans.-Mex. Volcanic Belt : 38 (1959)

Altamiranoa squamulosa

authorship: (S.Watson) E.Walther

Sedum miserum

authorship: Lindl.

authors: (Lindl.) R.T.Clausen

published_in: Sedum Trans.-Mex. Volcanic Belt 38


slug: villadia-patula

scientific: Villadia patula

authorship: Moran & C.H.Uhl

epithet: patula

authors: Moran & C.H.Uhl

published_in: Cact. Suc. Mex. 36: 27 (-28), figs


slug: villadia-platystyla

scientific: Villadia platystyla

authorship: (Fröd.) R.T.Clausen

epithet: platystyla

published_in: Sedum Trans.-Mex. Volcanic Belt : 39 (1959)

Sedum platystylum

authorship: Fröd.

authors: (Fröd.) R.T.Clausen

published_in: Sedum Trans.-Mex. Volcanic Belt 39


slug: villanova-oppositifolia

scientific: Villanova oppositifolia

authorship: Lag.

genus: Villanova

epithet: oppositifolia

Unxia anemonifolia

authorship: Kunth

Unxia dissecta

authorship: Hook.

Vasquezia anemonifolia

authorship: (Kunth) S.F.Blake

Vasquezia biternata

authorship: Phil.

authorship: Phil

Vasquezia oppositifolia

authorship: (Lag.) S.F.Blake

Villanova anemonifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Less.

Villanova dissecta

authorship: (Hook.) DC.

codes: MXC MXG BOL CLN CLM PER VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

authors: Lag.

published_in: Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 31

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: villarsia-capensis

scientific: Villarsia capensis

authorship: (Houtt.) Merr.

genus: Villarsia

epithet: capensis

family: Menyanthaceae

preferred: Cape bogbean

Menyanthes capensis

authorship: (Houtt.) Thunb.

Renealmia capensis

authorship: Houtt.

Renealmia ovata

authorship: (L.f.) Kuntze

Villarsia ovata

authorship: (L.f.) Vent.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: hydroannual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Cape bogbean
Cape Buck-Bean

value: hydrophyte

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m

authors: (Houtt.) Merr.

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 360


slug: villarsia-goldblattiana

scientific: Villarsia goldblattiana

authorship: Ornduff

epithet: goldblattiana

lifeform: hydroperennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

authors: Ornduff

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: villarsia-manningiana

scientific: Villarsia manningiana

epithet: manningiana

preferred: small Cape bogbean

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viminaria-juncea

scientific: Viminaria juncea

authorship: (Schrad.) Hoffmanns.

genus: Viminaria

epithet: juncea

family: Fabaceae

Daviesia denudata

authorship: Vent.

Daviesia juncea

authorship: (Schrad.) Pers.

Genista filifolia

authorship: Licht. ex Walp.

Pultenaea juncea

authorship: (Schrad.) Willd.

Sophora juncea

authorship: Schrad.

Spartium filifolium

authorship: Willd. ex Walp.

Viminaria denudata

authorship: Sm.

Viminaria preissii

authorship: Meisn.

codes: NSW QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 965 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Australian broom
golden spray

partners:
Alisterus scapularis
Melobasis cupriceps
Platycercus elegans

value: 5 m

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: berry

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (Schrad.) Hoffmanns.

published_in: Verzeichniss der Pflanzenkulturen in den Graflich Hoffmannseggischen Garten zu Dresden und Rammenau

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: vinca-difformis

scientific: Vinca difformis

authorship: Pourr.

genus: Vinca

epithet: difformis

family: Apocynaceae

published_in: Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 333 (1788)

Pervinca media

authorship: Caruel

Pervinca sicula

authorship: Raf.

Vinca acutiflora

authorship: Bertol.

Vinca major

authorship: Brot.

Vinca major subsp. difformis

authorship: (Pourr.) M.Laínz

Vinca media

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Vinca media var. acutiflora

authorship: (Bertol.) Nyman

Vinca obtusiflora

authorship: Pau

Vinca sardoa

authorship: (Stearn) Pignatti

codes: ALG AZO MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA POR SAR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Intermediate Periwinkle
Intermediate Periwinkle [plant]

names: Alcandórea Vinca

names: Барвинок неодинаковый

names: Pervenche difforme, Pervenche intermédiaire

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Melanostoma
Pieridae

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Anthocharis cardamines
Gonepteryx rhamni
Macroglossum stellatarum
Oxythyrea funesta
Melanostoma
Pieridae

value: chamaephyte

authors: Pourr.

published_in: Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse iii. (1788) 333

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: vinca-herbacea

scientific: Vinca herbacea

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

epithet: herbacea

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 8 (1799)

preferred: herbaceous periwinkle

Vinca bottae

authorship: Jaub. & Spach

Vinca haussknechtii

authorship: Bornm. & Sint. ex Bornm.

Vinca herbacea subsp. libanotica

authorship: (Zucc.) Bornm.

Vinca herbacea subsp. mixta

authorship: Velen.

Vinca libanotica

authorship: Zucc.

Vinca semidesertorum

authorship: Ponert

codes: EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR AUT BUL RUC CZE GER HUN KRY YUG ROM RUS TUE UKR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2017 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: عناقية عشبية

names: Барвинок травянистый

names: Барвінок трав'янистий

names: Girlandvintergröna girlangvintergröna

names: וינקה עשבונית

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: vinca-major

scientific: Vinca major

authorship: L.

epithet: major

preferred: greater periwinkle

english:
greater periwinkle
Greater Periwinkle
bigleaf periwinkle

source: inat

Pervinca major

authorship: (L.) Garsault

Vinca balcanica

authorship: Pénzes

Vinca grandiflora

authorship: Salisb.

Vinca major f. variegata

authorship: (Loudon) P.D.Sell

Vinca major var. hirsuta

authorship: Boiss.

Vinca major var. variegata

authorship: Loudon

Vinca obliqua

authorship: Porta

Vinca ovatifolia

authorship: Stokes.

Vinca pubescens

authorship: d'Urv.

codes: EAI LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB BUL FRA ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Albania

code: ALB

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1976 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Greater Periwinkle
Bigleaf Periwinkle

names: congossa pervinca

names: 滇绿豆 蔓长春花

names: boa-noite congonha

names:
Großes Immergrün
Grosses Immergruen

names:
Grande Pervenche
Pervenche majeure, Grande pervenche

names:
stor gravmyrt
storgravmyrt

names:
Erllysg
Erllysg Fwyaf

names:
storgravmyrt
stor gravmyrt

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bassus laetatorius
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera
Macroglossum stellatarum
Anthocharis sara
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Anthocharis cardamines
Bombus pascuorum
Golovinomyces vincae
Puccinia vincae
Vespula pensylvanica

partners:
Myzus persicae
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amphipyra pyramidoides
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Anthocharis sara

partners:
Puccinia vincae
Diversinervus elegans

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Golovinomyces vincae
Puccinia vincae

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: vinca-minor

scientific: Vinca minor

epithet: minor

preferred: lesser periwinkle

english:
lesser periwinkle
Common Periwinkle
Lesser Periwinkle
common periwinkle
creeping myrtle
dwarf periwinkle
periwinkle
small periwinkle

Pervinca heterophyla

authorship: Raf.

Pervinca minor

authorship: Garsault

Pervinca procumbens

authorship: Gilib.

Vinca acutiflora

authorship: Bertol. ex W.D.J.Koch

Vinca intermedia

authorship: Tausch

Vinca minor var. intermedia

authorship: (Tausch) Nyman

codes: NCS TCS AUT BLR BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER HUN ITA KRY YUG NET POL ROM SIC SPA SWI UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Netherlands

code: NET

Poland

code: POL

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1947 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Vincamine

activities: Bradycardic Cerebrotonic Coronary-Dilator Hypotensive Respirastimulant Sedative Vasodilator

Ursolic-acid

activities: Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiTGF-beta Antialzheimeran Antiarrhythmic Antiarthritic Antibacterial

Robinin

activities: Antiazotemic Antibacterial Anticancer Antimutagenic Antioxidant Antiradicular Antitumor-Promoter Cancer-Preventive

Reserpine

activities: Abortifacient AntiRaynaud's Antiadrenergic Anticonvulsant Antidyskinetic Antihypertensive Antileukemic Antimigraine

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
periwinkle
common periwinkle

names: brusela pervinca

names:
小蔓长春花
hua ye man chang chun hua

names: عناقية صغيرة

names: congossa congossa-menor

names:
barvinok malyj
Барвинок малый

names:
Kleines Immergrün
Kleines Immergruen

names: Pervenche mineure, Petite pervenche, Violette de serpent, Pervenche humble

names: Барвінок малий

names: Hesperis Rysskårel

names: Βίγκα έρπουσα

names:
barvínek menší
brčál menší

names:
Gyldenlak-Hjørneklap
Liden singrøn

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus lapidarius
Anthrena deceptoria
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombus vestalis
Bombylius discolor

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Agapostemon sericeus
Amphion floridensis
Andrena carlini
Andrena dunningi
Andrena vicina
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora plumipes

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pratorum
Elampus
Puccinia cribrata

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphis nerii
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Anagrus incarnatus
Anagrus nigriceps
Puccinia vincae


slug: vincetoxicum-acuminatifolium

scientific: Vincetoxicum acuminatifolium

authorship: (Hemsl.) Ohi-Toma & K.Mochizuki

genus: Vincetoxicum

epithet: acuminatifolium

Alexitoxicon acuminatum

authorship: Pobed.

Cynanchum acuminatifolium

authorship: Hemsl.

Cynanchum acuminatum

authorship: (C.Morren ex Decne.) Matsum.

Vincetoxicum acuminatum

authorship: C.Morren ex Decne.

codes: CHN CHS JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hemsl.) Ohi-Toma & K.Mochizuki

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: vincetoxicum-atratum

scientific: Vincetoxicum atratum

authorship: (Bunge) C.Morren & Decne.

epithet: atratum

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 3: 17 (1836)

Alexitoxicon atratum

authorship: (Bunge) Pobed.

Cynanchum atratum

authorship: Bunge

Cynanchum atratum f. multinerve

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) T.Yamaz.

Cynanchum kiyohikoanum

authorship: Honda

Cynanchum multinerve

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.

Cynanchum pauciflorum

authorship: (Miq.) Matsum.

Vincetoxicum atratum

authorship: (Bunge) C.Morren & Decne. ex Decne.

Vincetoxicum atratum f. viridescens

authorship: (H.Hara) Sugim. ex Yonek.

Vincetoxicum multinerve

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Vincetoxicum pauciflorum

authorship: Miq.

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

China South-Central

code: CHC

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
白薇
bai wei

names: Ластовень черноватый

partners:
Muscidae sp.
Onesia hokkaoidensis
Paradichosia itoi

value: geophyte

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun


slug: vincetoxicum-barbatum

scientific: Vincetoxicum barbatum

authorship: (R.Br.) Kuntze

epithet: barbatum

Hoya barbata

authorship: (R.Br.) Spreng.

codes: NSW VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

Victoria

code: VIC

lifeform: climber

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 349 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: follicle

authors: Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424


slug: vincetoxicum-bracteatum

scientific: Vincetoxicum bracteatum

authorship: (Thunb.) Meve & Liede

epithet: bracteatum

Cynanchum bracteatum

authorship: Thunb.

Tylophora membranifolia

authorship: Thwaites

Tylophora parviflora

authorship: Wight

Tylophora pauciflora

authorship: Wight & Arn.

codes: IND SRL

India

code: IND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: climbing shrub

authors: (Thunb.) Meve & Liede

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: vincetoxicum-carnosum

scientific: Vincetoxicum carnosum

authorship: (R.Br.) Benth.

epithet: carnosum

Cynanchum carnosum

authorship: (R.Br.) Schltr.

Ischnostemma carnosum

authorship: (R.Br.) Merr. & Rolfe

Ischnostemma selangorica

authorship: King & Gamble

Pentatropis novoguineensis

authorship: Valeton

Pentatropis oblongifolia

authorship: (Costantin) Liede

Pseudopentatropis oblongifolia

authorship: Costantin

codes: CBD JAW LSI MLY NWG NCB PHI THA NSW NTA QLD WAU

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

lifeform: climbing subshrub

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 212 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Danaus affinis
Danaus chrysippus
Euploea core

value: vine

authors: Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 4: 331

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: vincetoxicum-dalzellii

scientific: Vincetoxicum dalzellii

authorship: (Hook.f.) Kuntze

epithet: dalzellii


slug: vincetoxicum-donetzicum

scientific: Vincetoxicum donetzicum

authorship: Ostapko

epithet: donetzicum

published_in: Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 52: 273 (1995)

codes: RUS UKR

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

names: Ластовень донецкий

names: Ластовень донецький

authors: Ostapko

published_in: Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 52(2): 273


slug: vincetoxicum-fasciculatum

scientific: Vincetoxicum fasciculatum

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) Kuntze

epithet: fasciculatum

Pentasacme fasciculatum

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) M.R.Almeida

Tylophora fasciculata

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wight

codes: EHM IND MYA SRL THA

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

lifeform: scrambling perennial

value: herb


slug: vincetoxicum-floribundum

scientific: Vincetoxicum floribundum

authorship: (Miq.) Franch. & Sav.

epithet: floribundum

Tylophora chungii

authorship: Merr. ex Metcalf

Tylophora floribunda

authorship: Miq.

Tylophora nikoensis

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.

Tylophora shikokiana

authorship: Matsum. ex Nakai

Vincetoxicum nikoense

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Franch. & Sav.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 444


slug: vincetoxicum-funebre

scientific: Vincetoxicum funebre

authorship: Boiss. & Kotschy

epithet: funebre

Alexitoxicon funebre

authorship: (Boiss. & Kotschy) Pobed.

Antitoxicum medium

authorship: Pobed.

Cynanchum funebre

authorship: (Boiss. & Kotschy) Kusn.

Vincetoxicum medium

authorship: Decne.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR GRC

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ластовень погребальный

value: May-Jul

authors: Boiss. & Kotschy

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 11: 79

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: vincetoxicum-hirsutum

scientific: Vincetoxicum hirsutum

authorship: (Wall.) Kuntze

epithet: hirsutum

Diplolepis apiculata

authorship: Lindl.

Gymnema hirsutum

authorship: Wall.

Tylophora hirsuta

authorship: (Wall.) Wight

Tylophora hispida var. balansae

authorship: Costantin

Tylophora hispida var. brownii

authorship: Hayata

Tylophora ovata var. balansae

authorship: (Costantin) Tsiang

Tylophora ovata var. lanyuensis

authorship: (Liu & Lu) S.S.Ying

Vincetoxicum hispidum

authorship: (Decne.) Kuntze

Vincetoxicum mollissimum

authorship: (Wall. ex Wight) Kuntze

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW MLY MYA NEP PAK THA VIE WHM

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Malaya

code: MLY

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 948 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 娃儿藤 娃兒藤

partners:
Ideopsis similis
Idea leuconoe
Parantica aglea
Parantica aglea maghaba
Parantica sita


slug: vincetoxicum-hirundinaria

scientific: Vincetoxicum hirundinaria

authorship: Medik.

epithet: hirundinaria

published_in: Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 4(Phys.): 404 (1790)

preferred: common vincetoxicum

english:
common vincetoxicum
white swallow-wort

Alexitoxicon albidum

authorship: (Jord. & Fourr.) St.-Lag.

Alexitoxicon albovianum

authorship: (Kusn.) Pobed.

Alexitoxicon contiguum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) St.-Lag.

Alexitoxicon cretaceum

authorship: (Pobed.) Pobed.

Alexitoxicon jailicola

authorship: (Juz.) Pobed.

Alexitoxicon laxum

authorship: (Bartl.) St.-Lag.

Alexitoxicon officinale var. stepposum

authorship: Serg.

Alexitoxicon puberulum

authorship: (Timb.-Lagr.) St.-Lag.

Alexitoxicon vincetoxicum

authorship: (L.) H.P.Fuchs

Antitoxicum laxum

authorship: (Bartl.) Pobed.

Asclepias alba

authorship: Mill.

Asclepias toxicaria

authorship: Salisb.

Asclepias vincetoxicum

authorship: L.

Cynanchum adriaticum

authorship: (Beck) Fritsch

Cynanchum albovianum

authorship: Kusn.

Cynanchum jalicola

authorship: (Juz.) Juz.

Cynanchum kenouriense

authorship: Wight

Cynanchum luteum

authorship: (Mill.) Steud.

Cynanchum nivale

authorship: (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman

authorship: (Boiss. & Heldr.) Beck

Cynanchum stepposum

authorship: (Pobed.) Juz.

Cynanchum sulfureum

authorship: (Velen.) Hayek

Cynanchum vincetoxicum

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Cynanchum vincetoxicum subsp. contiguum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Briq.

Cynanchum vulgare

authorship: Pers.

Otanema ovata

authorship: Raf.

Vincetoxicum adriaticum

authorship: Beck

Vincetoxicum albidum

authorship: Jord. & Fourr.

Vincetoxicum album

authorship: Asch.

Vincetoxicum contiguum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Gren. & Godr.

Vincetoxicum cretaceum

authorship: (Pobed.) Wissjul.

Vincetoxicum daniloi

authorship: (Rohlena) A.W.Hill

Vincetoxicum fradini

authorship: Pomel

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria f. puberulum

authorship: (Beck) Sutorý

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. laxum

authorship: (Bartl.) Poldini

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria var. apodum

authorship: (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Vincetoxicum hirundinaria var. balearicum

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Vincetoxicum hirundinaria var. intermedium

authorship: (Loret & Barrandon) O.Bolòs & Vigo

name: Vincetoxicum hirundinaria var. timbal-lagravei

authorship: Sutorý

Vincetoxicum jailicola

authorship: Juz.

Vincetoxicum laxum var. jailicola

authorship: Wissjul.

Vincetoxicum luteum

authorship: Sieber ex Boiss.

authorship: (Mill.) Hoffmanns. & Link

Vincetoxicum micranthum

authorship: Shuttlew.

Vincetoxicum nivale

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Vincetoxicum officinale

authorship: Moench

name: Vincetoxicum officinale var. intermedium

authorship: Loret & Barrandon

Vincetoxicum stepposum

authorship: (Pobed.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

authorship: (Pobed.) Popescu

Vincetoxicum sulfureum

authorship: Velen.

Vincetoxicum vincetoxicum

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Vincetoxicum vulgare

authorship: Bernh.

codes: ALG MOR KAZ NCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET NOR POL POR ROM SAR RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ластовень ласточкин
Ластовень лекарственный

names:
Cynanchum vincetoxicum
Vincetossico comune

names: Ластовень звичайний

partners:
Alosterna tabacicolor
Apis mellifera
Bicellaria austriaca
Bombus terrestris
Elateridae
Empis
Gonia
Gymnosoma

partners:
Alosterna tabacicolor
Bombus terrestris
Epistrophe eligans
Oedemera flavipes
Amata phegea
Apis mellifera
Bicellaria austriaca
Chilopoda

partners:
Amata phegea
Centrotus cornuta
Chrysochus asclepiadeus
Coreus marginatus
Cronartium pini
Lygaeus equestris
Phymata crassipes
Tropidothorax leucopterus

partners:
Abrostola asclepiadis
Beaufortiana distanti
Chrysochus asclepiadeus
Euphranta connexa
Lygaeus simulans
Acanthis flammea
Aglais urticae
Alauda arvensis

published_in: Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. vi. Phys. (1790) 404


slug: vincetoxicum-indicum

scientific: Vincetoxicum indicum

authorship: (Burm.f.) Mabb.

epithet: indicum

published_in: Mabberley's Pl.-Book 1102. 2017

preferred: antamul

Asclepias prolifera

authorship: Rottler ex Ainslie

Asclepias vomitoria

authorship: J.Koenig ex Hook.f.

Cynanchum flavum

authorship: Thunb. ex Hook.f.

Cynanchum ipecacuanha

authorship: Willd.

Cynanchum mucronatum

authorship: Andrews

Cynanchum tomentosum

authorship: Lam.

Cynanchum viridiflorum

authorship: Sims

Diplolepis vomitoria

authorship: Lindl.

Gonolobus mucronatus

authorship: Sweet

Hoya planiflora

authorship: Wall. ex Hook.f.

Marsdenia vomitoria

authorship: Moon

Sonninia vomitoria

authorship: (Lindl.) Kostel.

Tylophora asthmatica

authorship: (L.f.) Wight & Arn.

Tylophora asthmatica var. glabra

authorship: Decne.

Tylophora coilolepis

authorship: Schltr.

Tylophora flava

authorship: Trimen

Tylophora flavescens

authorship: Ridl.

Tylophora indica

authorship: (Burm.f.) Merr.

Tylophora indica var. glabra

authorship: (Decne.) H.Huber

Tylophora indica var. intermedia

authorship: M.A.Rahman & Wilcock

Tylophora tomentosa

authorship: (Lam.) G.Don

Tylophora vomitoria

authorship: (Lam.) Voigt

Vincetoxicum lutescens

authorship: (Decne.) Kuntze

Vincetoxicum vomitorum

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

codes: AND ASS BAN BOR CBD IND LDV LAO MLY MYA NCB SRL SUM THA VIE

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Borneo

code: BOR

Laccadive Is.

code: LDV

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sumatera

code: SUM

lifeform: climbing subshrub or climbing shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Tylophorine

activities: Amebicide Antiallergic Antianaphylactic Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Antiedemic Antifeedant Antihistaminic

names:
antamul
Indian Ipecac


slug: vincetoxicum-japonicum

scientific: Vincetoxicum japonicum

authorship: (C.Morren & Decne.) Decne.

epithet: japonicum

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 524 1844

Cynanchum albiflorum

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Koidz.

Cynanchum grayanum

authorship: (Maxim.) Koidz.

Cynanchum japonicum

authorship: C.Morren & Decne.

Cynanchum puncticulatum

authorship: Koidz.

Cynanchum rubellum

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.

Vincetoxicum japonicum var. grayanum

authorship: Maxim.

Vincetoxicum rubellum

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

codes: JAP KOR

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

names: Coastal rocky swallow-wort , Japanese swallow-wort

partners:
Bibio flavihalter
Bibionidae sp.
Drosophila melanogaster
Eudasyhora cyanicolor
Polleniopsis mongolica
Sciaridae sp.
Sepsis monostigma

authors: C.Morren & Decne.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 3: 172: sphalm


slug: vincetoxicum-koi

scientific: Vincetoxicum koi

authorship: (Merr.) Meve & Liede

epithet: koi

Tylophora koi

authorship: Merr.

codes: CHC CHS CHH VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 通天连 台灣鷗蔓

authors: (Merr.) Meve & Liede

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: vincetoxicum-lycioides

scientific: Vincetoxicum lycioides

authorship: (E.Mey.) Kuntze

epithet: lycioides

Cynanchum lycioides

authorship: Steud.

Tylophora lycioides

authorship: (E.Mey.) Decne.

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

authors: (E.Mey.) Kuntze

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: vincetoxicum-nigrum

scientific: Vincetoxicum nigrum

authorship: (L.) Moench

epithet: nigrum

preferred: dark vincetoxicum

english:
dark vincetoxicum
Louise's swallow-wort

Alexitoxicon melanthum

authorship: (Jord. & Fourr.) St.-Lag.

Alexitoxicon nigrum

authorship: (L.) St.-Lag.

Antitoxicum nigrum

authorship: (L.) Pobed.

Asclepias fuscata

authorship: Willd.

Asclepias nigra

authorship: L.

Cynanchum atrum

authorship: (Jord. & Fourr.) Breistr.

Cynanchum barbatum

authorship: L.f. ex Schult.

Cynanchum fuscum

authorship: (Lour.) Schult.

Cynanchum louiseae

authorship: Kartesz & Gandhi

Cynanchum nigrum

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Vincetoxicum atrum

authorship: Jord. & Fourr.

codes: BAL FRA ITA POR SPA

Baleares

code: BAL

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1988 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dark vincetoxicum
Black Swallow-wort

names: 柳叶娃儿藤 黑白前

names: Ластовень черный

names:
dompte venin noir
Dompte-venin noir

partners:
Lucilia sericata
Pollenia rudis
Sarcophaga sp.
unidentified

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Chilopoda
Danaus plexippus
Myrsidea antiqua
Phaenicia sericata
Pollenia rudis

partners:
Hebata vitis
Issus coleoptratus

partners:
Amauris niavius
Amauris ochlea

value: hemicryptophyte


slug: vincetoxicum-ovatum

scientific: Vincetoxicum ovatum

authorship: Benth.

epithet: ovatum

Cynanchum ovatum

authorship: (Benth.) Domin

Queensland

code: QLD

region: Australia

published_in: Fl. Austral. 4: 330

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: vincetoxicum-paniculatum

scientific: Vincetoxicum paniculatum

authorship: (R.Br.) Kuntze

epithet: paniculatum

Hoya paniculata

authorship: (R.Br.) Spreng.

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

value: woody

value: 4 m

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 425


slug: vincetoxicum-polyanthum

scientific: Vincetoxicum polyanthum

authorship: Kuntze

epithet: polyanthum

preferred: Coast tylophora

codes: NSW NTA QLD

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: 6 m

value: perennial


slug: vincetoxicum-rossicum

scientific: Vincetoxicum rossicum

authorship: (Kleopow) Barbar.

epithet: rossicum

preferred: European swallow-wort

source: usda

Alexitoxicon rosaicum

authorship: (Kleopow) Pobed.

Cynanchum melanthos

authorship: Poir.

Cynanchum rossicum

authorship: Borhidi

authorship: Kleopow

Vincetoxicum officinale var. rossicum

authorship: (Kleopow) Grodz.

codes: RUC RUE RUS UKR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: climbing perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1942 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
European swallow-wort
European swallowwort

names: 俄罗斯白前 俄羅斯白前

names: Ластовень русский

names: Ластовень російський

partners:
Lucilia illustris
Phormia regina
Tetramorium sp.
unidentified

partners:
Alypia octomaculata
Lucilia sericata
Petrophila canadensis

label: Visited by

partners:
Boisea trivittata
Ischnura verticalis

value: variable

value: Jun

authors: (Kleopow) Barbar.

published_in: Vyzn. Rosl. Ukr. 346

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CYRO8


slug: vincetoxicum-scandens

scientific: Vincetoxicum scandens

authorship: Sommier & Levier

epithet: scandens

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 158 (1892)

Alexitoxicon scandens

authorship: (Sommier & Levier) Pobed.

Cynanchum scandens

authorship: (Sommier & Levier) Kusn.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR RUE KRY RUS UKR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 371 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ластовень вьющийся
Ластовень лазящий

names: Ластовень виткий

names: ხვიარა შორვალა

value: 2 m

value: May-Aug

authors: Sommier & Levier

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada xii. (1892) 158

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: vincetoxicum-volubile

scientific: Vincetoxicum volubile

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: volubile

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 195 (1858)

Alexitoxicon volubile

authorship: (Maxim.) Pobed.

Cynanchum volubile

authorship: (Maxim.) Hemsl.

codes: AMU KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

names: Ластовень вьющийся

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Prim. Fl. Amur. 195


slug: vincetoxicum-woollsii

scientific: Vincetoxicum woollsii

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

epithet: woollsii

Tylophora woollsii

authorship: Benth.

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: vinealobryum-insulanum

scientific: Vinealobryum insulanum

authorship: (De Not.) R.H.Zander

genus: Vinealobryum

epithet: insulanum

family: Pottiaceae

published_in: Framew. Post-Phylogenet. Syst.: 98. 2013.

Barbula beecheyi

authorship: Lesq.

Barbula cylindrica

authorship: (Taylor) Schimp. ex Boulay

Barbula cylindrica f. robusta

authorship: Loeske

Barbula cylindrica f. viridis

authorship: Warnst.

Barbula cylindrica var. rivularis

authorship: (Loeske) Loeske

Barbula cylindrica var. rubella

authorship: Schiffn.

Barbula flexifolia

authorship: Hampe

Barbula horridifolia

authorship: Müll.Hal. & Kindb.

Barbula insulana

authorship: (De Not.) Mitt.

Barbula vinealis f. propagulifera

authorship: (J.J.Amann) Podp.

Barbula vinealis f. rivularis

authorship: (Loeske) Podp.

Barbula vinealis f. rubella

authorship: (Schiffn.) Herzog

Barbula vinealis f. viridis

authorship: (Warnst.) Podp.

Barbula vinealis subsp. cylindrica

authorship: (Taylor) Bouvet

Barbula vinealis var. cylindrica

authorship: (Taylor) Boulay

Barbula vinealis var. flaccida

authorship: Bruch & Schimp.

Didymodon insulanus

authorship: (De Not.) M.O.Hill

Didymodon vinealis var. flaccidus

authorship: (Bruch & Schimp.) R.H.Zander

Tortula cylindrica

authorship: (Taylor) Lindb.

Tortula elata

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Durieu & Mont.

Tortula insulana

authorship: De Not.

Tortula vinealis var. flaccida

authorship: (Bruch & Schimp.) Spruce

Zygotrichia cylindrica

authorship: Taylor

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 232 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: דושנית גלילנית

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: vinealobryum-nicholsonii

scientific: Vinealobryum nicholsonii

authorship: (Culm.) R.H.Zander

epithet: nicholsonii

Barbula nicholsonii

authorship: (Culm.) Culm.

Barbula rigidula subsp. nicholsonii

authorship: (Culm.) Dixon

authorship: (Culm.) J.J.Amann

Barbula rigidula var. vivipara

authorship: Mönk.

Barbula trifaria subsp. nicholsonii

authorship: (Culm.) Podp.

Didymodon luridus subsp. nicholsonii

authorship: (Culm.) Loeske

Didymodon nicholsonii

authorship: Culm.

Didymodon rigidulus var. nicholsonii

authorship: (Culm.) G.Roth

Didymodon trifarius subsp. nicholsonii

authorship: (Culm.) Wijk & Margad.


slug: vinealobryum-vineale

scientific: Vinealobryum vineale

authorship: (Brid.) R.H.Zander

epithet: vineale

preferred: didymodon moss

Barbula artocarpa

authorship: Lesq.

Barbula bakeri

authorship: Cardot & Thér.

Barbula bourgaeana

authorship: Besch.

Barbula circinnatula

authorship: Müll.Hal. & Kindb.

Barbula cylindrica subsp. vinealis

authorship: (Brid.) Dixon

authorship: (Brid.) Lindb.

Barbula dieckii

authorship: Broth.

Barbula fallax var. vinealis

authorship: (Brid.) Huebener

Barbula lateritia

authorship: Kindb.

Barbula lozanoi

authorship: Cardot

Barbula salazarensis

authorship: Thér.

Barbula semitorta

authorship: Sull.

Barbula subtorquata

authorship: Müll.Hal. & Hampe

Barbula vinealis

authorship: Brid.

Barbula vinealis f. compacta

authorship: Herzog

Barbula vinealis var. decipiens

authorship: Meyl.

Barbula viridescens

authorship: Stirt.

Didymodon dieckii

authorship: (Broth.) Kindb.

Didymodon subtorquatus

authorship: (Müll.Hal. & Hampe) Catches.

Tortula fallax var. vinealis

authorship: (Brid.) De Not.

Tortula rectifolia

authorship: (Taylor) Mitt.

Tortula subtorquata

authorship: (Müll.Hal. & Hampe) Mitt.

Tortula vinealis

authorship: (Brid.) Spruce

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 118 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Дидимодон виноградниковый

names: דושנית הכרמים

value: nonvascular

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol DIVI13

license: public domain


slug: viola-accrescens

scientific: Viola accrescens

authorship: Klokov

genus: Viola

epithet: accrescens

family: Violaceae

Viola pumila var. orientalis

authorship: Kupffer

codes: ALT NCS TVA WSB RUE RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 247 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Niedriges Veilchen
Zwerg-Veilchen

names:
Petite violette
Violette naine

names: Фіалка низька

authors: Klokov

published_in: Fl. URSR 7: 632


slug: viola-acuminata

scientific: Viola acuminata

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: acuminata

preferred: acuminate violet

source: wikidata

name: Viola acuminata subsp. austro-ussuriensis

Viola acuminata var. austro-ussuriensis

authorship: (W.Becker) Kitag.

Viola acuminata var. intermedia

authorship: Nakai

Viola acuminata var. pilifera

authorship: Ching J.Wang

Viola austro-ussuriensis

authorship: (W.Becker) Kom.

Viola canina var. acuminata

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel

Viola turczaninowii

authorship: Juz.

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM MON PRM SAK

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Sakhalin

code: SAK

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 419 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
acuminate violet
Long-stem violet

names: 红铧头草 鸡腿堇菜

names:
Фиалка Турчанинова
Фиалка приостренная

names: エゾノタチツボスミレ ezo-no-tachitsubo-sumire

partners:
Anthocharis scolymus
Pieris dulcinea

label: Eaten by

partners:
Argynnis paphia
Argyronome laodice
Argyronome ruslana
Clossiana iphigenia
Fabriciana adippe
Speyeria aglaja


slug: viola-adenothrix

scientific: Viola adenothrix

authorship: Hayata

epithet: adenothrix

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 23 (1913)

Viola tsugitakaensis

authorship: Masam.

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 669 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 喜岩堇菜 岩生堇菜

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 23


slug: viola-adunca

scientific: Viola adunca

authorship: Sm.

epithet: adunca

preferred: hookedspur violet

english:
hookedspur violet
Early Blue (Hook) Violet
Early Blue Violet
hooked-spur violet

Lophion aduncum

authorship: (Sm.) Nieuwl. & Lunell

Lophion aduncum var. glabrum

authorship: (Brainerd) Nieuwl. & Lunell

Viola adunca f. albiflora

authorship: Vict. & J.Rousseau

Viola adunca f. glabra

authorship: (Brainerd) G.N.Jones

Viola adunca subsp. oxyceras

authorship: (S.Watson) Piper

Viola adunca subsp. uncinulata

authorship: (Greene) Applegate

Viola adunca var. cascadensis

authorship: (M.S.Baker) C.L.Hitchc.

Viola adunca var. glabra

authorship: Brainerd

Viola adunca var. longipes

authorship: Rydb.

Viola adunca var. oxyceras

authorship: (S.Watson) Jeps.

Viola adunca var. uncinulata

authorship: (Greene) C.L.Hitchc.

Viola aduncoides

authorship: Á.Löve & D.Löve

Viola bellidifolia

authorship: Greene

Viola canina var. adunca

authorship: (Sm.) A.Gray

Viola canina var. longipes

authorship: (Nutt.) S.Watson

Viola longipes

authorship: Nutt.

Viola sylvatica var. adunca

authorship: (Sm.) Kurtz

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL GNL IDA IOW LAB MAI MAN MAS MXE MXN MIC MIN MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWM NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC NUN ONT ORE QUE SAS SDA UTA VER WAS WIS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Greenland

code: GNL

Idaho

code: IDA

Iowa

code: IOW

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Michigan

code: MIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1966 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

partners:
Apoidea
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus
Bombylius major
Speyeria zerene hippolyta
Syrphus opinator

partners:
Bombylius
Erynnis icelus
Mastor vialis
Bombus mixtus

partners:
Clossiana titania
Osmia tersula
Speyeria aphrodite
Speyeria atlantis
Speyeria cybele
Speyeria hydaspe
Speyeria mormonia

partners:
Chrysocharis crassiscapus
Chrysocharis giraulti

quote: a common, native, perennial forb of the violet family (Violaceae)

quote: typically grow to approximately 4 inches in height

quote: Flowers are pale to deep violet with a white patch and purple veins at the base of the lower three petals

published_in: Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) 37: Viola n. 63


slug: viola-affinis

scientific: Viola affinis

authorship: Leconte

epithet: affinis

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 138 (1826)

preferred: Count's violet

english:
Count's violet
sand violet

Viola affinis var. chalcosperma

authorship: Griscom

Viola affinis var. langloisii

authorship: (Greene) Griscom

Viola obliqua var. crenulata

authorship: (Greene) Farw.

codes: ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KTY MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 189 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: viola-alba

scientific: Viola alba

authorship: Besser

epithet: alba

published_in: Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 1: 171 (1809)

preferred: White Violet

Viola alba subsp. thessala

authorship: (Boiss. & Spruner) Hayek

Viola alba var. albiflora

authorship: Wiesb. ex Dichtl

Viola armena

authorship: Boiss. & A.Huet

Viola cadevallii

authorship: Pau

Viola cretica

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Viola dehnhardtii

authorship: Ten.

Viola lauzuricae

authorship: Marcet

Viola pentelica

authorship: Vierh.

Viola praecox

authorship: Heuff. ex Fuss

Viola scotophylla

authorship: Jord.

Viola thessala

authorship: Boiss. & Spruner

Viola virescens

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

codes: ALG MOR TUN CYP EAI IRQ LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POL ROM SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка белая

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Chrysomela vigintipunctata

partners:
Aglais urticae
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus haematurus
Bombus vagans

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca


slug: viola-alpina

scientific: Viola alpina

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: alpina

published_in: Enum. Stirp. Vindob. : 159 (1762)

Viola baumgarteniana

authorship: Schur

codes: AUT CZE POL ROM

Romania

code: ROM

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: May-Jun

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Enum. Stirp. Vindob. 159, 291


slug: viola-altaica

scientific: Viola altaica

authorship: Ker Gawl.

epithet: altaica

Mnemion grandiflorum

authorship: (L.) Spach

Viola monochroa

authorship: Klokov

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KGZ KRA MON TZK TVA WSB CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 731 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка алтайская

value: Jun-Aug

authors: Ker Gawl.


slug: viola-ambigua

scientific: Viola ambigua

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

epithet: ambigua

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 208 (1804)

Viola revoluta

authorship: Heuff. ex Rchb.

codes: KAZ NCS TCS WSB AUT BUL RUC CZE RUE HUN KRY YUG ROM RUS UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Hungary

code: HUN

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 961 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка сомнительная

names: Фіалка двозначна

value: Apr-May

value: capsule

source: Wikidata


slug: viola-amurica

scientific: Viola amurica

epithet: amurica

codes: AMU PRM YAK

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Primorye

code: PRM

Yakutiya

code: YAK

names: 堇菜 额穆尔堇菜

names: Фиалка амурская

value: herb

value: May

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 34(2): 230


slug: viola-anagae

scientific: Viola anagae

authorship: Gilli

epithet: anagae

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower colour

value: blue

value: Apr

authors: Gilli

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-arborescens

scientific: Viola arborescens

authorship: L.

epithet: arborescens

preferred: tree violet

Viola fruticans

authorship: Bubani

Viola longiviola

authorship: Pourr. ex Roem. & Schult.

Viola saxicola

authorship: Schult.

Viola suberosa

authorship: Desf.

codes: ALG MOR BAL FRA POR SAR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Baleares

code: BAL

France

code: FRA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 319 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tree violet
Shrubby Violet

names: Violette arborescente, Violette sous-arbustive, Violette ligneuse

value: chamaephyte

authors: Loefl. ex Ging.


slug: viola-arguta

scientific: Viola arguta

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

epithet: arguta

Viola arguta var. meridionalis

authorship: (W.Becker) L.B.Sm. & A.Fernández

Viola corchorifolia

authorship: Domb. ex Ging.

Viola punicea

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex Ging.

codes: CLM ECU PER

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 173 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit

value: non-woody

authors: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 391


slug: viola-arvensis

scientific: Viola arvensis

authorship: Murray

epithet: arvensis

published_in: Prod. Stirp. Gott. : 73 (1770)

preferred: European field pansy

english:
European field pansy
Field Pansy
field pansy

Mnemion agreste

authorship: (Jord.) Fourr.

Mnemion arvense

authorship: (Murray) Nieuwl. & Kaczm.

Viola agrestis

authorship: Jord.

Viola atlantica

authorship: Pomel

Viola deseglisei

authorship: Jord. ex Boreau

Viola latifolia

authorship: Drabble

Viola megalantha

authorship: (Nauenb.) G.H.Loos

Viola tricolor var. arvensis

authorship: (Murray) DC.

codes: ALG CNY MDR MOR TUN ALT IRN IRK KAZ KRA MON NCS TCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Madeira

code: MDR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Altay

code: ALT

Iran

code: IRN

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1926 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка полевая

names: Фіалка польова

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus ruderatus
Bombus terrestris
Aglais io
Aglais urticae

partners:
Anthocharis cardamines
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pratorum
Gonepteryx rhamni
Issoria lathonia
Pieris napi
Pieris rapae
Polyommatus icarus

partners:
Alauda arvensis
Fringilla coelebs
Acanthis flammea
Alectoris graeca
Amara conularis
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser

partners:
Golovinomyces orontii
Mycocentrospora acerina
Peronospora violae

partners:
Pepper ringspot virus
Tobacco rattle virus


slug: viola-atropurpurea

scientific: Viola atropurpurea

authorship: Leyb.

epithet: atropurpurea

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 1858: 159 (1858)

codes: AGW AGS CLC CLS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Saxifraga
Yramea modesta

partners:
Chaetodemoticus chilensis
Diptera
Yramea modesta

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Woodiness

value: perennial

authors: Leyb.

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 1858: 159

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-bakeri

scientific: Viola bakeri

authorship: Greene

epithet: bakeri

preferred: Baker's violet

Viola nuttallii var. bakeri

authorship: (Greene) C.L.Hitchc.

Viola praemorsa var. bakeri

authorship: (Greene) J.T.Howell

codes: CAL NEV ORE WAS

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

label: Life cycle

authors: Greene


slug: viola-banksii

scientific: Viola banksii

authorship: K.R.Thiele & Prober

epithet: banksii

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1391 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Australian Native Violet
Banks Violet

names: 肾叶堇菜 熊猫堇菜

authors: K.R.Thiele & Prober


slug: viola-barroetana

scientific: Viola barroetana

authorship: Schaffn. ex Hemsl.

epithet: barroetana

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. : 20 (1879)

codes: MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schaffn. ex Hemsl.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 2: 20

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-beckwithii

scientific: Viola beckwithii

authorship: Torr.

epithet: beckwithii

published_in: Pl. Pratten. Calif. [Durand] 82. 1855 [Jun 1855] ; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, n.s. 3(2): 82. Dec 1855.

preferred: Beckwith's violet

Viola bonnevillensis

authorship: Cottam

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1084 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Beckwith's violet
Great Basin violet

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: Torr.

published_in: Pl. Pratten. Calif. [Durand] 82


slug: viola-betonicifolia

scientific: Viola betonicifolia

authorship: Sm.

epithet: betonicifolia

Viola betonicifolia subsp. nepalensis

authorship: (Ging.) W.Becker

Viola betonicifolia var. longiscapa

authorship: DC.

Viola longiscapa

authorship: DC. ex G.Don

Viola maculicola

authorship: Koidz.

Viola nilagirica

authorship: Turcz.

Viola oblongo-sagittata

authorship: Nakai

Viola patrinii var. caespitosa

authorship: (D.Don) Ridl.

Viola patrinii var. nepaulensis

authorship: Ging.

Viola patrinii var. suaveolens

authorship: Watt

Viola trinervis

authorship: Korth.

Viola walkeri

authorship: Wight

codes: AFG CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR NNS TAI CHT ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NSW NFK QLD SOA TAS VIC

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1600 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Argynnis hyperbius
Argynnis paphia
Argyreus hyperbius
Fabriciana adippe

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: viola-biflora

scientific: Viola biflora

authorship: L.

epithet: biflora

preferred: arctic yellow violet

Dischidium biflorum

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Viola avatschensis

authorship: W.Becker & Hultén

Viola biflora subsp. avatschensis

authorship: (W.Beck. & Hult.) Tzvelev

Viola biflora var. acuminata

authorship: Maxim.

Viola biflora var. akaishiensis

authorship: Hid.Takah. & Ohba

Viola biflora var. carlottae

authorship: (Calder & Roy L.Taylor) B.Boivin

Viola crassa

authorship: Makino

Viola crassa var. alpicola

authorship: (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu

Viola crassa var. tayemonii

authorship: (Hayata) S.S.Ying

Viola kanoi

authorship: Sasaki

Viola manaslensis

authorship: Maekawa

Viola nudicaulis

authorship: (W.Beck.) S.Y.Chen

Viola reniformis

authorship: Wall.

Viola tayemonii

authorship: Hayata

codes: AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON PRM CHQ SAK TAI CHT TVA WSB CHX YAK ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK SUM WHM AUT BUL COR CZE RUE FIN FRA GER HUN ITA YUG RUN NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR ASK BRC COL YUK

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
arctic yellow violet
Alpine Yellow-violet

names: Фиалка двухцветковая

names:
Zweiblütiges Veilchen
Gelbes Berg-Veilchen

names:
Pensée à deux fleurs
Violette a deux fleurs

names: Фіалка двоквіткова

partners:
Cheilosia antiqua
Cheilosia semifasciata
Parasyrphus relictus
Platycheirus manicatus
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar

partners:
Sphaerophoria interrupta
Aglais io
Allopiophila vulgaris
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bellardia pandia
Bombus pascuorum


slug: viola-bissetii

scientific: Viola bissetii

epithet: bissetii

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54(I): 5 (1879)

Viola bissetii var. kiusiana

authorship: Terao

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ナガバノスミレサイシン nagaba-no-sumire-saishin

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54(1): 5


slug: viola-blanda

scientific: Viola blanda

authorship: Willd.

epithet: blanda

preferred: sweet white violet

Viola alsophila

authorship: Greene

Viola blanda var. amoena

authorship: Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

Viola incognita

authorship: Brainerd

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NDA OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1514 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sweet white violet
Large-leaf White Violet

partners:
Argynnis paphia
Argyreus hyperbius
Speyeria aglaja


slug: viola-brevistipulata

scientific: Viola brevistipulata

epithet: brevistipulata

codes: JAP KOR KUR PRM

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

region: Russian Far East

Primorye

code: PRM

names: エゾキスミレ オオバキスミレ

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 34(2): 265

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-bubanii

scientific: Viola bubanii

epithet: bubanii

published_in: Congr. Sci. France 19: 280 (1852)

Viola bubanii subsp. palentina

authorship: (Losa) Rivas Martinez.Izco & M.Costa

Viola hispida

authorship: Lapeyr.

Viola lutea var. hispida

authorship: Nyman

Viola palentina

authorship: Losa

codes: FRA SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 201 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pensée de Bubani
Violette de Bubani, Pensée de Bubani

published_in: Congr. Sci. France xix. (1852) 280


slug: viola-calcarata

scientific: Viola calcarata

authorship: L.

epithet: calcarata

Mnemion calcaratum

authorship: (L.) Spach

Viola apennina

authorship: Terracc.

Viola madonia

authorship: Presl ex Rchb.

Viola minae

authorship: Strobl

Viola villarsiana

authorship: Schult.

Viola zoysii

authorship: Wulfen

codes: ALB AUT FRA GER ITA YUG SWI

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Germany

code: GER

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 933 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pensee eperonnee
Pensée éperonnée

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

value: May-Jul

authors: Vill.

published_in: Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 1: 238


slug: viola-canadensis

scientific: Viola canadensis

epithet: canadensis

preferred: Canada Violet

english:
Canada Violet
Canadian white violet

Lophion canadense

authorship: Spach

Lophion rugulosum

authorship: (Greene) Lunell

Lophion rydbergii

authorship: (Greene) Nieuwl. & Lunell

Viola albiflora

authorship: Link

Viola canadensis subsp. neomexicana

authorship: (Greene) House

Viola canadensis subsp. scopulorum

authorship: (A.Gray) House

Viola canadensis var. pubens

authorship: Farw.

Viola canadensis var. scariosa

authorship: Porter

codes: ALA ASK ABT ARI ARK BRC COL CNT GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI ONT ORE PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alabama

code: ALA

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2051 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка канадская

partners:
Bombus huntii
Chelostoma philadelphi
Dalmannia vitiosa
Pieris oleracea
Pieris rapae
Pieris virginiensis
Elkalyce amyntula
Osmia tristella


slug: viola-canescens

scientific: Viola canescens

authorship: Wall.

epithet: canescens

published_in: Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 2: 450. 1824

Viola serpens var. canescens

authorship: (Wall.) Hook.f. & Thomson

codes: ASS EHM IND MYA NEP PAK WHM

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

authors: Wall.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-canina

scientific: Viola canina

authorship: L.

epithet: canina

preferred: dog violet

english:
dog violet
heath dog-violet
heath violet

Viola albertina

authorship: Greene

Viola canina var. caulescens

authorship: Tosco ex G.Ariello & Bellia

Viola cetia

authorship: Beck ex Borbás

Viola ericetorum

authorship: Schrad. ex Link

Viola flavicornis

authorship: Sm.

Viola intermedia

authorship: Krock.

Viola leucoceras

authorship: Borbás ex Murr

Viola lucorum

authorship: Lange

Viola macrostipulata

authorship: Schur

Viola montana var. elatior

authorship: (Fr.) Regel

Viola radicans

authorship: DC. ex Ging.

Viola ramosa

authorship: Gaterau

Viola schultzii

authorship: Billot

Viola turfosa

authorship: Kirschl. ex F.Schultz

codes: MOR ALT BRY CTA IRK KAZ KRA MON NCS TCS TVA WSB YAK ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR RUS SPA SVA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2050 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Фиалка собачья
Фиалька собачья

names: بنفشه خاردار

names: Фіалка собача

names: кучешка теменуга

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus muscorum
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Siphona geniculata
Anthomyia
Boloria selene
Bombus lucorum
Bombus muscorum
Pieris napi

partners:
Aphrophora alni
Camptogramma bilineata
Pancalia schwarzella
Philaenus spumarius
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: viola-cazorlensis

scientific: Viola cazorlensis

authorship: Gand.

epithet: cazorlensis

published_in: Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 226 (1902)

Spain

code: SPA

value: woody

authors: Gand.

published_in: Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. v. (1902) 226; Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. xv. (1905) 57

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: viola-cenisia

scientific: Viola cenisia

epithet: cenisia

Viola integrifolius

authorship: Dulac

Viola scardica

authorship: Nyman

codes: FRA ITA SWI

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 168 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cenis Violet
Mount Cenis Violet

names: Фиалка ценизская

names:
Mont Cenis-Stiefmuetterchen
Mont Cenis-Stiefmütterchen

names:
Pensee du Mont Cenis
Pensée du Mont Cenis

partners:
Aglais io
Andrena cineraria
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora dispar
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Chrysomela vigintipunctata

authors: L.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: viola-chaerophylloides

scientific: Viola chaerophylloides

authorship: (Regel) W.Becker

epithet: chaerophylloides

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier sér. 2, 2: 856. 1902

Viola albida f. sieboldiana

authorship: (Maxim.) F.Maek.

Viola albida var. chaerophylloides

authorship: (Regel) F.Maek.

name: Viola chaerophylloides var. chaerophylloides

Viola dissecta f. sieboldiana

authorship: (Maxim.) Makino

Viola dissecta var. chaerophylloides

authorship: (Regel) Makino

Viola dissecta var. sieboldiana

authorship: (Maxim.) Nakai

Viola napellifolia

authorship: Nakai

Viola pinnata var. chaerophylloides

authorship: Regel

Viola pinnata var. sieboldiana

authorship: Maxim.

Viola savatieri f. detonsa

authorship: (Kitag.) Kitag.

Viola savatieri var. detonsa

authorship: Kitag.

Viola sieboldiana var. chaerophylloides

authorship: (Regel) Nakai

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KOR CHM PRM

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 151 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Taebaek violet
korean violet

names: 冲天伞 南山堇菜

names: Фиалка беловатая

names: koma-sumire コマスミレ

authors: (Regel) W.Becker

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier sér. 2, 2: 856

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: viola-chamissoniana

scientific: Viola chamissoniana

authorship: Ging.

epithet: chamissoniana

preferred: olopu

Viola helioscopia

authorship: Hillebr.

Viola tracheliifolia f. olokelensis

authorship: (Skottsb.) H.St.John

Hawaii

code: HAW

continent: PACIFIC

region: North-Central Pacific

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: olopu 'Olopū

value: shrub

value: subshrub

authors: Ging.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: viola-charlestonensis

scientific: Viola charlestonensis

authorship: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

epithet: charlestonensis

preferred: Charleston Mountain violet

Viola purpurea var. charlestonensis

authorship: (M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen) S.L.Welsh & Reveal

codes: NEV UTA

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Charleston Mountain violet
Charleston Violet

authors: M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen

published_in: Madroño 8: 58

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: viola-cheiranthifolia

scientific: Viola cheiranthifolia

authorship: Bonpl.

epithet: cheiranthifolia

Mnemion cheiranthifolium

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Viola canariensis

authorship: Berthel.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

partners:
Orthoptera
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Sauria

value: white

authors: Bonpl.

published_in: Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 1(5): 111, t. 32


slug: viola-clauseniana

scientific: Viola clauseniana

epithet: clauseniana

preferred: Clausen's violet

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

published_in: Madroño 4: 194


slug: viola-cleistogamoides

scientific: Viola cleistogamoides

authorship: (L.G.Adams) R.D.Seppelt

epithet: cleistogamoides

codes: NSW SOA TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 170 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.G.Adams) R.D.Seppelt

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: viola-collina

scientific: Viola collina

authorship: Besser

epithet: collina

Viola atrichocarpa

authorship: Borbás

Viola centronum

authorship: H.Perrier ex W.Becker

Viola collina var. intramongolica

authorship: Ching J.Wang

Viola gymnocarpa

authorship: Janka

Viola hirta var. collina

authorship: (Besser) Regel

Viola microdonta

authorship: Chang

Viola obscura

authorship: Schur

Viola propera

authorship: Jord.

Viola valesiaca

authorship: Hausskn. ex Favrat

codes: AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KUR CHM MON PRM SAK TZK UZB WSB AUT BLT BLR BGM RUC CZE RUE FIN FRA GER HUN ITA YUG RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Mongolia

code: MON

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Central European Russia

code: RUC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1372 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Фиалка холмовая

names: Violette des collines, Violette des coteaux

names: Фіалка пагорбкова

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Ametastegia pallipes
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphrophora alni
Arcyptera fusca