slug: lythrum-alatum

scientific: Lythrum alatum

authorship: Pursh

genus: Lythrum

epithet: alatum

family: Lythraceae

preferred: Winged Loosestrife

english:
Winged Loosestrife
Angled Purple-loosestrife
winged lythrum

source: inat

Lythrum alatum subsp. lanceolatum

authorship: (Elliott) A.Haines

Lythrum dacotanum

authorship: Nieuwl.

Lythrum hyssopifolia var. virgultosum

authorship: DC.

Lythrum lanceolatum

authorship: Elliott

Lythrum lineare

authorship: Bertero ex DC.

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Lythrum virginicum

authorship: J.Kenn. ex DC.

Pythagorea alata

authorship: (Pursh) Raf.

Salicaria alata

authorship: (Pursh) Lunell

codes: ALA ARK COL CNT WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS WYO CUB DOM HAI

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2027 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena miserabilis
Andrena pruni
Anoplodera pubera
Anthidium oblongatum
Auplopus relativus
Ceratina dupla
Cerceris insolita
Clytiomyia fucata

partners:
Ancyloxypha numitor
Melissodes communis
Ammophila nigricans
Ammophila procera
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Anthidium maculifrons
Aphrissa statira
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Ceratina dupla
Dialictus
Dielis plumipes

partners:
Strymon melinus
Anthidium maculifrons
Aphis fabae
Bombus pensylvanicus
Calybites phasianipennella
Coleophora violacea
Danaus plexippus
Deilephila porcellus


slug: lythrum-californicum

scientific: Lythrum californicum

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: californicum

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: California loosestrife

source: wikidata

Lythrum album var. linearifolium

authorship: (A.Gray) Koehne

Lythrum breviflorum

authorship: (A.Gray) S.Watson

Lythrum linearifolium

authorship: (A.Gray) Small

Lythrum sanfordii

authorship: Greene

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ARI CAL KAN MXE MXN MXS NEV NWM OKL TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

lifeform: perennial

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 684 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Burnsius communis
Ochlodes sylvanoides

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Agapostemon angelicus
Agapostemon melliventris
Agapostemon obliquus
Agapostemon tyleri
Apis mellifera
Ashmeadiella clypeodentata
Lasioglossum sisymbrii
Megachile newberryae

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Ochlodes sylvanoides

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: subshrub

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: variable

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(3): 482

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: lythrum-flagellare

scientific: Lythrum flagellare

authorship: Shuttlew. ex Chapm.

epithet: flagellare

preferred: Florida loosestrife

Lythrum kennedianum

authorship: Kunth

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

authors: Shuttlew. ex Koehne

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1(4): 321

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: lythrum-gracile

scientific: Lythrum gracile

authorship: Benth.

epithet: gracile

Lythrum acinifolium

authorship: Sessé & Moc. ex Koehne

Lythrum acinifolium f. grandifolium

authorship: Koehne

Lythrum maritimum

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Guatemala

code: GUA

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

value: shrub

value: woody

authors: Benth.

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 7

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: lythrum-hyssopifolia

scientific: Lythrum hyssopifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: hyssopifolia

preferred: Grass-poly

english:
Grass-poly
grass poly
hyssop loosestrife

Chabraea hyssopifolia

authorship: Bubani

authorship: (L.) Bubani

Hyssopifolia parviflora

authorship: Opiz

Lythrum glaucum

authorship: Dulac

Lythrum hyssopifolia var. biflorum

authorship: Rouy & E.G.Camus

Lythrum hyssopifolia var. cyprium

authorship: Hadjik. & Hand

Lythrum hyssopifolia var. grandiflorum

authorship: Clary

name: Lythrum hyssopifolia var. nummulariifolium

Lythrum hyssopifolia var. pumilum

authorship: Klett & Richt.

Lythrum hyssopifolium

authorship: Thunb.

Lythrum parviflorum

authorship: Bastard ex Rchb.

Lythrum prostratum

authorship: Dombey ex Koehne

Lythrum thymifolia

authorship: Krock.

Lythrum thymifolium

authorship: Lam. ex Forsyth f.

Pentaglossum linifolium

authorship: Forssk.

Salicaria graefferi

authorship: Steud.

Salicaria hyssopifolia

authorship: (L.) Lam.

codes: ALG AZO CNY CHA EGY ETH LBY MDR MOR SEN SOC SOM TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS NCS PAL SAU TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB YEM NSW QLD SOA TAS VIC ALB AUT BAL BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Senegal

code: SEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1953 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: 神香草叶千屈菜 海索草葉千屈菜

names: Дербенник иссополистный

names:
Lythrum à Feuilles d'Hysope
Salicaire à feuilles d'hysope

names:
Salcerella con foglie d'issopo
Salcerella issopifoglia

names: Плакун гісополистий

names: שנית קטנת-עלים

partners:
Ancyloxypha numitor
Cupido comyntas
Strymon melinus
Tharsalea helloides
Toxomerus vertebratus


slug: lythrum-junceum

scientific: Lythrum junceum

authorship: Banks & Sol.

epithet: junceum

preferred: False Grass-poly

Lythrum acutangulum f. brevistyla

authorship: Willk. & Lange

Lythrum graefferi

authorship: Ten.

Lythrum lineare

authorship: Tornab.

Lythrum monanthum

authorship: Link ex Steud.

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN LBS PAL SIN TUR SOA VIC ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Sinai

code: SIN

Türkiye

code: TUR

South Australia

code: SOA

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Victoria

code: VIC

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1187 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Дербенник ситниковый

partners:
Apis mellifera
Junonia grisea
Lon melane
Burnsius communis
Ceratina cucurbitina
Sphaerophoria scripta
Syritta pipiens

partners:
Apis mellifera
Burnsius communis
Junonia grisea
Lon melane

published_in: Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed.  2 [A. Russell] 2: 253


slug: lythrum-lineare

scientific: Lythrum lineare

authorship: L.

epithet: lineare

preferred: wand lythrum

Lythrum virgatum

authorship: Spreng. ex DC.

Lythrum virgultosum

authorship: Griseb.

Pythagorea linearis

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: ALA CNT DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NWJ NWY NCA SCA TEX VRG CUB

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 212 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: L.


slug: lythrum-maritimum

scientific: Lythrum maritimum

authorship: Kunth

epithet: maritimum

preferred: pukamole

Lythrum alatum

authorship: Hemsl.

Lythrum albicaule

authorship: Bertero

Lythrum graefferi

authorship: Gay

Lythrum lycioides

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

codes: HAW AGE AGW BOL BZS CLC CLN CLM ECU JNF PER URU VEN

Hawaii

code: HAW

continent: PACIFIC

region: North-Central Pacific

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Juan Fernández Is.

code: JNF

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lythrum-ovalifolium

scientific: Lythrum ovalifolium

authorship: (A.Gray) Shuttlew. ex Koehne

epithet: ovalifolium

preferred: low loosestrife

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Texas

region: South-Central U.S.A.

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Engelm. ex A.Gray

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(2): 187

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lythrum-portula

scientific: Lythrum portula

authorship: (L.) D.A.Webb

epithet: portula

published_in: Feddes Repert.  71: 13 (1967)

preferred: Spatulaleaf Loosestrife

english:
Spatulaleaf Loosestrife
spatulaleaf loosestrife
water purslane

Ammannia portula

authorship: (L.) Baill.

Chabraea compressa

authorship: Bubani

Lythrum portula subsp. longidentata

authorship: (J.Gay) P.D.Sell

Lythrum portula var. callitrichoides

authorship: (A.Br. ex Koehne) Vasc.

Lythrum portula var. longidentatum

authorship: (J.Gay) Vasc.

Peplis fradini

authorship: Pomel

Peplis glandulifera

authorship: Dulac

Peplis longidentata

authorship: (J.Gay) Batt.

Peplis portula f. aquatica

authorship: Brenner

Peplis portula f. callitrichoides

authorship: A.Br. ex Koehne

Peplis portula prol. longidentata

authorship: (J.Gay) Rouy & E.G.Camus

Peplis portula subsp. longidentata

authorship: (J.Gay) Nyman

Peplis portula var. alternifolia

authorship: Bréb.

Peplis portula var. fradinii

authorship: (Pomel) Pau & Font Quer

Peplis portulaca

authorship: Crantz

Peplis portulacifolia

authorship: Gilib.

Peplis serpyllifolia

authorship: Rupr.

Portula diffusa

authorship: Moench

Portula palustris

authorship: Gray

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG AZO MOR TUN KAZ TUR ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1335 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бутерлак обыкновенный

names:
Salcerella erba portula
Salcerella erba-portula

names: Плакун-щебрик

partners:
Anthidium oblongatum
Eupeodes corollae
Gonepteryx rhamni
Helophilus trivittatus
Lasioglossum semilucens
Melitta nigricans

partners:
Aphis fabae
Calybites phasianipennella
Coleophora violacea
Deilephila porcellus
Dysgonia algira
Leptotes pirithous
Microon sahlbergi
Myzus lythri

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lythrum-salicaria

scientific: Lythrum salicaria

authorship: L.

epithet: salicaria

preferred: purple loosestrife

english:
purple loosestrife
Purple Loosestrife
Purple-loosestrife

Chabraea vulgaris

authorship: Bubani

Lythrum alternifolium

authorship: Lorey

Lythrum anceps

authorship: (Koehne) Makino

Lythrum cashmerianum

authorship: Royle

Lythrum cinereum

authorship: Griseb.

Lythrum coronense

authorship: Schur

Lythrum diffusum

authorship: Sweet

Lythrum dubium

authorship: Schult.

Lythrum gracile

authorship: (DC.) DC. ex Lafont

Lythrum hexagonum

authorship: Bercht. ex Opiz

Lythrum nummulariifolium

authorship: Pers.

Lythrum palustre

authorship: Salisb.

Lythrum propinquum

authorship: Weinm.

Lythrum purshianum

authorship: Steud.

Lythrum quadrifolium

authorship: Mart.

Lythrum salicaria f. alata

authorship: Rivas Mateos

Lythrum salicaria f. angustius

authorship: Koehne

Lythrum salicaria f. brevistyla

authorship: Willk. & Lange

Lythrum salicaria f. caudatum

authorship: (Koehne) Kitag.

Lythrum salicaria f. glabrum

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel

Lythrum salicaria f. gracile

authorship: (DC.) Bolzon

Lythrum salicaria f. orgyalis

authorship: Priszter

Lythrum salicaria f. tomentosum

authorship: (Mill.) Bolzon

Lythrum salicaria f. virescens

authorship: Merino

Lythrum salicaria subsp. anceps

authorship: (Koehne) H.Hara

Lythrum salicaria subvar. gracile

authorship: (DC.) Koehne

Lythrum salicaria var. anceps

authorship: (Koehne) Koehne

Lythrum salicaria var. angustifolium

authorship: Gaudin

Lythrum salicaria var. genuinum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Lythrum salicaria var. glabrum

authorship: Ledeb.

Lythrum salicaria var. gracile

authorship: DC.

Lythrum salicaria var. longespicatum

authorship: Sennen

Lythrum salicaria var. pubescens

authorship: Pursh

Lythrum salicaria var. stylosa

authorship: Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Lythrum salicaria var. tomentosum

authorship: (Mill.) DC.

Lythrum spicatum var. verticillatum

authorship: Svanlund

Lythrum tomentosum

authorship: Mill.

Salicaria spicata

authorship: Lam.

codes: ALG ETH MOR TUN AFG ALT AMU CHN CHC CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KUR LBS CHM MON NCS PAL PRM CHQ SAK TZK CHT TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX PAK WHM NSW QLD SOA TAS VIC ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2017 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Anthocyanins

activities: Antiapoptotic Antiarthritic Anticancer Anticarcinogenic Anticollegenase Antidiabetic Antielastase Antihyperglycemic

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Ellagic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Abortifacient Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiGTF AntiHIV Antiaflatoxin Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

Chlorogenic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiatherosclerotic

Vitexin

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiarrhythmic Antibradiquinic Antidermatitic Antihistaminic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

P-coumaric-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antifertility Antihepatotoxic Antileukemic Antinitrosaminic

Orientin

activities: Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Cancer-Preventive cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Purple-loosestrife
Hairy Purple Loosestrife

names:
Salicaire commune
Salicaire commune, Salicaire pourpre

partners:
Anthidium septemspinosum
Apis cerana
Apis mellifera
Bombus ignitus
Bombus mixtus
Calomicrus
Campsomeris primatica
Campsomeris testaceipes

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Episyrphus balteatus
Pieris brassicae
Pieris napi
Pieris rapae

partners:
Acronicta rumicis
Ammophila pictipennis
Ancyloxypha numitor
Anthidium florentinum
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Bombus californicus
Bombus fervidus

partners:
Galerucella calmariensis
Galerucella pusilla
Acronicta euphorbiae
Altica lythri
Altica palustris
Ametastegia equiseti
Aphthona lutescens
Deilephila porcellus

partners:
Erysiphe lythri
Hylobius transversovittatus
Stenella lythri

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

quote: Purple loosestrife is an erect perennial herb

quote: The showy corolla (up to 2 cm across) is rose-purple

quote: Purple loosestrife flowers from July until September or October.

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: lythrum-thymifolia

scientific: Lythrum thymifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: thymifolia

preferred: Thymeleaf Loosestrife

english:
Thymeleaf Loosestrife
thymeleaf loosestrife

Chabraea serpyllifolia

authorship: Bubani

Editeles thymifolia

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Lythrum hybridum

authorship: Klokov

name: Lythrum hyssopifolia subsp. melanospermum

authorship: (Săvul. & Zahar.) Seregin

Lythrum hyssopifolia subsp. thymifolia

authorship: (L.) Batt.

Lythrum hyssopifolia var. thymifolia

authorship: (L.) Ball

Lythrum melanospermum

authorship: Săvul. & Zahar.

Lythrum strictum

authorship: Willd. ex Koehne

Lythrum thymifolia var. diffusa

authorship: Lange

Middendorfia melanosperma

authorship: (Săvul. & Zahar.) Tacik

Middendorfia thymifolia

authorship: (L.) Tacik

Salica lythastrum

authorship: Hill

Salicaria thymifolia

authorship: (L.) Lam.

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN EAI IRN KAZ NCS PAL TUR UZB BAL BUL RUE FRA GRC ITA KRY YUG POR SAR RUS SPA UKR

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

South European Russia

code: RUS

Spain

code: SPA

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lythrum à Feuilles de Thym
Salicaire à feuilles de thym

names: Плакун чебрецелистий

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lythrum-tribracteatum

scientific: Lythrum tribracteatum

authorship: Salzm. ex Spreng.

epithet: tribracteatum

preferred: Threebract Loosestrife

english:
Threebract Loosestrife
threebract loosestrife

Lythrum bibracteatum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Lythrum candollei

authorship: (Koehne) Klokov

Lythrum dibracteatum

authorship: Guss.

Lythrum microphyllum

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

Lythrum nanum

authorship: Nyman

Lythrum salzmannii

authorship: Jord.

Lythrum salzmannii f. nana

authorship: Willk.

Lythrum thymifolia var. majus

authorship: DC.

Lythrum thymifolium

authorship: Sm.

Lythrum tribracteatum var. candollei

authorship: Koehne

Lythrum tribracteatum var. cuneifolium

authorship: Ten.

Lythrum tribracteatum var. majus

authorship: (DC.) Maire

Lythrum tribracteatum var. salzmannii

authorship: (Jord.) Koehne

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN AFG CYP IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS PAL TZK TKM TUR UZB WHM ALB BUL RUE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

West Himalaya

code: WHM

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Albania

code: ALB

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Hungary

code: HUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 163 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
threebract loosestrife
three-bracted loosestrife

names: Дербенник трехприцветниковый

names:
Lythrum à Ttrois Bractées
Lythrum de Salzmann

names: Плакун триприквітковий

names: שנית שוות-שיניים

names: Източна блатия

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(Cur. Post.): 190


slug: lythrum-virgatum

scientific: Lythrum virgatum

authorship: L.

epithet: virgatum

preferred: European wand loosestrife

Hexostemon virgatus

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Lythrum acuminatum

authorship: Willd.

Lythrum austriacum

authorship: Jacq.

Lythrum divaricatum

authorship: Schur

Lythrum lusitanicum

authorship: Mill.

Lythrum roseum-superbum

authorship: Abbey

Salicaria virgata

authorship: (L.) Moench

codes: ALT CHN KAZ KGZ KRA MON NCS TVA TUR WSB CHX ALB AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM RUS TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

China North-Central

code: CHN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1287 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
European wand loosestrife
Purple Loosestrife

partners:
Anthidium oblongatum
Bombus humilis
Eupeodes corollae
Gonepteryx rhamni
Helophilus trivittatus
Lasioglossum semilucens
Melitta nigricans

partners:
Bombus humilis
Anthidium oblongatum
Bombus affinis
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus borealis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Bombus hortorum
Eristalis intricaria
Helophilus pendulus
Rhingia campestris
Xanthandrus comtus

partners:
Aphis fabae
Calybites phasianipennella
Coleophora violacea
Deilephila porcellus
Leptotes pirithous
Myzus lythri
Orgyia antiqua
Proserpinus proserpina


slug: lythrum-vulneraria

scientific: Lythrum vulneraria

authorship: Ait. ex Schrank

epithet: vulneraria

published_in: Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. : t. 27 (1819)

codes: MXC MXE MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

authors: Ait. ex Schrank

published_in: Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. t. 27


slug: maackia-amurensis

scientific: Maackia amurensis

authorship: Rupr.

genus: Maackia

epithet: amurensis

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 128 (1856)

preferred: Amur Maackia

english:
Amur Maackia
Amur maackia

Amorpha fruticosa

authorship: Thunb.

Cladrastis amurensis

authorship: (Rupr.) Hemsl.

Cladrastis amurensis var. buergeri

authorship: Maxim.

Cladrastis amurensis var. vidalii

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Cladrastis amurenzis

authorship: (Rupr. & Maxim.) Benth.

Cladrastis buergeri

authorship: (Maxim.) Kom.

Maackia amurensis subsp. buergeri

authorship: (Maxim.) Kitam.

Maackia amurensis var. buergeri

authorship: (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.

Maackia amurensis var. stenocarpa

authorship: Nakai

Maackia buergeri

authorship: (Maxim.) Tatew.

codes: AMU CHN CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 239 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Genistein

activities:
Abortifacient
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Antiaggregant
Antiangiogenic
Antiatherosclerotic
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticarcinomic (Breast)

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
Amur maackia
Manchurian maackia

names: 青娘子 山槐枝

names:
Akatziya Amurskaya
Maakiya Amurskaya

names: イヌエンジュ inu-enju

names: Maakkia jokimaakkia

names: Акатнік амурскі

partners:
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Eristalis arbustorum
Megachile centuncularis
Megachile sculpturalis

partners:
Bombus fervidus
Neptis sappho
Pterostoma sinica
Rapala arata
Shirozua jonasi

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Metaphycus murakamii
Microterys turanicus
Oriencyrtus beybienkoi

value: tree

value: 5 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

published_in: Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 128 (143)

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maackia-taiwanensis

scientific: Maackia taiwanensis

authorship: Hoshi & H.Ohashi

epithet: taiwanensis

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names: 島槐 臺灣馬鞍樹

authors: Hoshi & H.Ohashi

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: mabea-fistulifera

scientific: Mabea fistulifera

authorship: Mart.

genus: Mabea

epithet: fistulifera

family: Euphorbiaceae

Mabea bahiensis

authorship: Emmerich

Mabea ferruginea

authorship: Benth.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC PAR

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

region: Southern South America

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: canudeiro canudinho

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
(Platyrrhinus)Vampyrops lineatus
Artibeus lituratus
Brachyteles arachnoides
Brachyteles hypoxanthus
Cacicus haemorrhus
Calliphlox amethystina
Callithrix flaviceps
Caluromys philander

partners:
Artibeus lituratus
Brachyteles arachnoides
Brachyteles hypoxanthus
Calliphlox amethystina
Callithrix flaviceps
Caluromys philander
Chionomesa fimbriata
Chlorostilbon lucidus

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

authors: Mart.

published_in: Reise Bras. (Spix & Mart.) 479

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: mabea-occidentalis

scientific: Mabea occidentalis

epithet: occidentalis

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 364 (1854)

Mabea acutissima

authorship: Killip

Mabea belizensis

authorship: Lundell

Mabea glauca

authorship: Klotzsch ex Pax

Mabea microcarpa

authorship: Pittier

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ BZC CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

names:
Cenizo
Mare Blanco

partners:
Carollia castanea
Glossophaga soricina

partners:
Poppea zebrina
Carollia castanea
Cebus capucinus
Glossophaga soricina

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology


slug: mabrya-acerifolia

scientific: Mabrya acerifolia

authorship: (Pennell) Elisens

genus: Mabrya

epithet: acerifolia

family: Plantaginaceae

published_in: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 58 (1985)

preferred: brittlestem

Antirrhinum flaviflorum var. dentatum

authorship: Tidestr.

Asarina acerifolia

authorship: (Pennell) Pennell

Maurandya acerifolia

authorship: Pennell

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
brittlestem
Mapleleaf False Snapdragon

value: vine

authors: (Pennell) Elisens

published_in: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 58

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: mabrya-rosei

scientific: Mabrya rosei

authorship: (Munz) Elisens

epithet: rosei

published_in: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 64 (1985)

Asarina rosei

authorship: (Munz) Pennell

Maurandya rosei

authorship: Munz

codes: MXE MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

authors: (Munz) Elisens

published_in: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 64


slug: macadamia-integrifolia

scientific: Macadamia integrifolia

authorship: Maiden & Betche

genus: Macadamia

epithet: integrifolia

family: Proteaceae

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, ser. 2, 11: 624 (1896)

preferred: macadamia nut

Macadamia ternifolia var. integrifolia

authorship: (Maiden & Betche) Maiden & Betche

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 277 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
macadamia nut
Bauplenut

names:
Nuez de Macadamia
macadamia

names:
澳洲坚果
ao zhou jian guo

names: macadâmia nogueira-do-havaí

names: Macadamianuß Queenslandnuß

names: Macadamie à feuilles entières, Noix marteau (fruit), Noix de Macadamia (fruit), Noyer du Queensland

names: แมคาเดเมียเปลือกเรียบ

partners:
Apis mellifera
Cantharidae sp.
Chrysomya
Lepidoptera
Lycid sp1
Monolepta australis
Saxifraga
Stomorhina discolor

partners:
Apis mellifera
Musca domestica
Tetragonula carbonaria

partners:
Candalides absimilis
Nacaduba berenice
Abgrallaspis cyanophylli
Acraea terpsicore
Aspidiotus nerii
Chrysomphalus aonidum
Clavaspis herculeana
Cressida cressida

partners:
Brachymeria carinatifrons
Brachymeria pomonae
Metaplectrus
Phymastichus xylebori
Ryhonos elegans

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

value: evergreen

authors: Maiden & Betche

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales Ser. II, xi. 624

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macadamia-ternifolia

scientific: Macadamia ternifolia

epithet: ternifolia

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria 2: 72 (1858)

Helicia ternifolia

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Australian-nut Bauplenut

names: 澳洲坚果 澳洲胡桃

names: macadâmia noz-macadame

partners:
Amblypelta lutescens
Aspidiotus nerii
Cryptophlebia illepida
Homoeosoma vagella
Lindingaspis rossi
Morganella longispina
Xylorycta luteotactella

partners:
Helicotylenchus erythrinae
Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria ii. (1858) 72

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macadamia-tetraphylla

scientific: Macadamia tetraphylla

epithet: tetraphylla

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 79: 15 (1954)

source: wikidata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 179 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
macadamia nut
Macadamia

names:
Nuez de macadamia
nogal de Australia

names:
四叶澳洲坚果
si ye ao zhou jian guo

names: Макадамия четырёхлистная

names:
Macadamianuß
rauhschalige Macadamia

names:
Noyer du Queensland
macadamier

partners:
Nacaduba berenice
Vanduzea segmentata
Achaea janata
Aspidiotus nerii
Coscinoptycha improbana
Hemiberlesia lataniae
Lepidosaphes macadamiae
Lepidosaphes macella

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 79(1-2): 15

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: macaranga-capensis

scientific: Macaranga capensis

authorship: (Baill.) Sim

genus: Macaranga

epithet: capensis

published_in: Forest Fl. Cape : 314 (1907)

Macaranga bachmannii

authorship: Pax

Macaranga inopinata

authorship: Prain

Macaranga multiglandulosa

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

Mallotus capensis

authorship: (Baill.) Müll.Arg.

Mappa capensis

authorship: Baill.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: CPP ZAI ETH GAB KEN NAT MLW MOZ TVL TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Gabon

code: GAB

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amblyospiza albifrons
Andropadus importunus
Arizelocichla fusciceps
Arizelocichla milanjensis
Bycanistes brevis
Bycanistes bucinator
Cercopithecus mitis
Cinnyricinclus leucogaster

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macaranga-carolinensis

scientific: Macaranga carolinensis

authorship: Volkens

epithet: carolinensis

preferred: Caroline macaranga

source: usda

codes: SUL CRL GIL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

region: Malesia

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

region: Northwestern Pacific

Gilbert Is.

code: GIL

region: Southwestern Pacific

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

authors: Volkens

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 31(3): 466

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol MACA25

license: public domain

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macaranga-cuspidata

scientific: Macaranga cuspidata

authorship: Boiv. ex Baill.

epithet: cuspidata

published_in: Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 260 (1861)

Macaranga cuspidata subsp. antanosy

authorship: Leandri

Tanarius cuspidatus

authorship: (Boivin ex Baill.) Kuntze

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

names: Mokaranana Mongy

label: Eaten by

authors: Boiv. ex Baill.

published_in: Étude Euphorb. 432, nomen; Adansonia, i. (1860-61) 260

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: macaranga-denticulata

scientific: Macaranga denticulata

epithet: denticulata

Macaranga denticulata var. pustulata

authorship: (King ex Hook.f.) Chakrab. & M.G.Gangop.

authorship: (King ex Hook.f.) Chakrab. & M.Gangop.

Macaranga gmelinifolia

authorship: King ex Hook.f.

Macaranga gummiflua

authorship: (Miq.) Müll.Arg.

Macaranga henricorum

authorship: Hemsl.

Mappa denticulata

authorship: Blume

Mappa gummiflua

authorship: Miq.

Rottlera glauca

authorship: Hassk.

Tanarius chatinianus

authorship: (Baill.) Kuntze

Tanarius denticulatus

authorship: Kuntze

Tanarius gmelinifolius

authorship: (King ex Hook.f.) Kuntze

Tanarius perakensis

authorship: (Hook.f.) Kuntze

codes: CHC CHS CHH CHT AND ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW LAO MLY MYA NEP SUL SUM THA WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

West Himalaya

code: WHM

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 中平树 中平树根

names: Макаранга мелкозубчатая

partners:
Elephas maximus
Ptilinopus jambu

label: Growth habit

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.2): 1000

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macaranga-gigantea

scientific: Macaranga gigantea

authorship: (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.

epithet: gigantea

Macaranga incisa

authorship: Gage

Macaranga megalophylla

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.

Mappa gigantea

authorship: Rchb.f. & Zoll.

Mappa macrophylla

authorship: Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.

Rottlera gigantea

authorship: (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Rchb.f. & Zoll. ex Kurz

Tanarius giganteus

authorship: (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Kuntze

Tanarius megallophyllus

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze

codes: BOR MLY MYA SUL SUM THA

Borneo

code: BOR

Sulawesi

code: SUL

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Макаранга гигантская

names:
Mahang telinga gajah
Pokok Mahang Gajah

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Arhopala atosia
Callosciurus finlaysonii
Elephas maximus
Leopoldamys sabanus
Maxomys surifer
Menetes berdmorei
Niviventer fulvescens
Rattus andamanensis

label: Woodiness

authors: (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.


slug: macaranga-harveyana

scientific: Macaranga harveyana

epithet: harveyana

Macaranga harveyana var. glabrata

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

codes: COO FIJ NUE SAM TON WAL

Cook Is.

code: COO

region: South-Central Pacific

Fiji

code: FIJ

Niue

code: NUE

Samoa

code: SAM

Tonga

code: TON

Wallis-Futuna Is.

code: WAL

label: Life cycle

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.2): 998


slug: macaranga-heynei

scientific: Macaranga heynei

epithet: heynei

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 90 (Aug. 1923)

Macaranga montana

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Macaranga robiginosa

authorship: Ridl.

Rottlera montana

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wall.

authorship: B.Heyne ex Baill.

codes: MLY SUM THA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 90


slug: macaranga-hosei

scientific: Macaranga hosei

authorship: King ex Hook.f.

epithet: hosei

codes: BOR MLY SUM THA

label: Height

authors: King ex Hook.f.

published_in: Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 5(14): 449


slug: macaranga-hullettii

scientific: Macaranga hullettii

epithet: hullettii

Macaranga bartlettii

authorship: Merr.

Macaranga hullettii subsp. borneensis

authorship: Whitmore

value: 9 m

published_in: Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 5(14): 452


slug: macaranga-hypoleuca

scientific: Macaranga hypoleuca

epithet: hypoleuca

Mappa hypoleuca

authorship: Rchb. & Zoll.


slug: macaranga-indica

scientific: Macaranga indica

authorship: Wight

epithet: indica

Macaranga adenantha

authorship: Gagnep.

Tanarius indicus

authorship: Kuntze

Trevia hernandiifolia

authorship: Roth

codes: CHC CHS CHT AND ASS BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MLY MYA NEP NCB SRL SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Tibet

code: CHT

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Vietnam

code: VIE

label: Least Concern

partners:
Columba punicea
Ducula aenea
Ducula badia
Treron apicauda
Treron curvirostra
Treron phoenicopterus
Treron pompadora
Treron sphenurus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)


slug: macaranga-involucrata

scientific: Macaranga involucrata

authorship: (Roxb.) Baill. ex Müll.Arg.

epithet: involucrata

published_in: Étude Euphorb. : 432 (1858)

Macaranga amboinensis

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.

Macaranga bengalensis

authorship: (Gaudich.) Baill.

Macaranga involucrata var. keyensis

authorship: Warb.

Macaranga keyensis

authorship: (Warb.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Macaranga mallotoides

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) L.M.Perry

Macaranga williamroxburghii

authorship: Chakrab.

Urtica involucrata

authorship: Roxb.

codes: BIS MOL NWG SUL NTA QLD

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anonychomyrma gilberti
Camponotus
Camponotus vitreus
Crematogaster fusca
Crematogaster pythia
Monomorium fieldi
Monomorium floricola
Odontomachus cephalotes

source: GIFT

authors: Baill.

published_in: Adansonia


slug: macaranga-mappa

scientific: Macaranga mappa

authorship: (L.) Müll.Arg.

epithet: mappa

preferred: pengua

Acalypha mappa

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Alchornea mappa

authorship: (L.) Oken

Mappa moluccana

authorship: Spreng.

Ricinus mappa

authorship: L.

Tanarius mappa

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

codes: MOL SUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 275 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Cardinalis cardinalis
Copsychus malabaricus
Geopelia striata
Horornis diphone
Leiothrix lutea
Paroaria coronata
Pycnonotus cafer
Pycnonotus jocosus

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Fruit type

value: capsule


slug: macaranga-peltata

scientific: Macaranga peltata

authorship: (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.

epithet: peltata

Macaranga flexuosa

authorship: Wight

Macaranga roxburghii

authorship: Wall.

Macaranga wightiana

authorship: Baill.

Mappa peltata

authorship: (Roxb.) Wight

Tanarius flexuosus

authorship: (Wight) Kuntze

Tanarius peltatus

authorship: (Roxb.) Kuntze

codes: AND BAN EHM IND MYA NCB SRL THA

Myanmar

code: MYA

Thailand

code: THA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 213 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Alcippe poioicephala
Anthracoceros coronatus
Chloropsis aurifrons
Dicaeum agile
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
Eumelia eudovicata
Geokichla citrina
Gymnoris xanthocollis

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.2): 1010

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: macaranga-sinensis

scientific: Macaranga sinensis

epithet: sinensis

Macaranga dipterocarpifolia

authorship: Merr.

Tanarius sinensis

authorship: Kuntze

codes: TAI PHI

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Philippines

code: PHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾血桐 紅肉橙蘭

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.2): 1001

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macaranga-tanarius

scientific: Macaranga tanarius

epithet: tanarius

preferred: parasol leaf tree

Croton laccifer

authorship: Blanco

Macaranga molliuscula

authorship: Kurz

Macaranga tanarius var. tomentosa

authorship: (Blume) Mull.Arg.

Macaranga tomentosa

authorship: (Blume) Druce

Macaranga vulcanica

authorship: Elmer ex Merr.

Mappa tanarius

authorship: (L.) Blume

Mappa tomentosa

authorship: Blume

Rottlera tanarius

authorship: (L.) Hassk.

Rottlera tomentosa

authorship: (Blume) Hassk.

codes: CHS NNS TAI AND BIS BOR XMS JAW LSI MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SUL SUM THA VIE NSW NTA QLD MRS VAN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Borneo

code: BOR

Christmas I.

code: XMS

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sumatera

code: SUM

New South Wales

code: NSW

Marshall Is.

code: MRS

Vanuatu

code: VAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2025 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: Макаранга дубильная

partners:
Chalcophaps indica
Hypsipetes philippinus
Macropygia phasianella
Oriolus chinensis
Penelopides panini
Phapitreron leucotis
Pycnonotus goiavier
Rhabdornis mystacalis

partners:
Anufrievia ciconia
Philiris nitens
Pteropus dasymallus
Tamiops mcclellandii
Addaea pusilla
Aleurocanthus spiniferus
Alophoixus pallidus
Ampeliceps coronatus


slug: macaranga-triloba

scientific: Macaranga triloba

epithet: triloba

Macaranga quadricornis

authorship: Ridl.

Pachystemon trilobus

authorship: (Thunb.) Blume

Ricinus trilobus

authorship: Reinw. ex Blume

authorship: Thunb.

Tanarius cornutus

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze

Tanarius trilobus

authorship: (Thunb.) Kuntze

codes: BOR CBD JAW MLY MYA NCB PHI SUL SUM THA

Cambodia

code: CBD

Malaya

code: MLY

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Sulawesi

code: SUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Macaca fascicularis
Pharambara

authors: (Thunb.) Müll.Arg.


slug: macarthuria-australis

scientific: Macarthuria australis

authorship: Hügel ex Endl.

genus: Macarthuria

epithet: australis

family: Macarthuriaceae

Macarthuria foliosa

authorship: Preiss ex Steud.

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hügel ex Endl.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hügel 11


slug: machaeranthera-tagetina

scientific: Machaeranthera tagetina

authorship: Greene

genus: Machaeranthera

epithet: tagetina

family: Asteraceae

preferred: mesa tansyaster

Machaeranthera humilis

authorship: Standl.

name: Machaeranthera tanacetifolia var. humilis

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mesa tansyaster
Mesa tansy-aster

value: herb

value: annual

authors: Greene

published_in: Pittonia 4(21): 71

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaeranthera-tanacetifolia

scientific: Machaeranthera tanacetifolia

authorship: (Kunth) Nees

epithet: tanacetifolia

preferred: tanseyleaf tansyaster

Aster chrysanthemoides

authorship: Willd. ex Spreng.

Aster coronopifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) N.E.Br.

Aster pinnatifidus

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Aster tanacetifolius

authorship: Kunth

name: Aster tanacetifolius var. tanacetifolius

Chrysopsis coronopifolia

authorship: Nutt.

Machaeranthera coronopifolia

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Nelson

name: Machaeranthera tanacetifolia var. tanacetifolia

codes: ABT ARI CAL COL KAN MXE MXN MXS MNT NEB NEV NWM OKL SDA TEX UTA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tanseyleaf tansyaster
Tahoka daisy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Pontia protodice
Apis mellifera
Brephidium exilis
Colias eurytheme
Echinargus isola
Eupeodes volucris
Euptoieta claudia
Eurema mexicana

label: Visited by

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Brephidium exilis
Calligrapha conjuncta
Calliopsis subalpina
Chauliognathus basalis
Cicindela punctulata

label: Parasites

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens


slug: machaerina-angustifolia

scientific: Machaerina angustifolia

authorship: (Gaudich.) T.Koyama

genus: Machaerina

epithet: angustifolia

family: Cyperaceae

preferred: Polynesian twigrush

Cladium angustifolium

authorship: (Gaudich.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake

Machaerina restioides

authorship: Gaudich.

Mariscus angustifolius

authorship: (Gaudich.) Kuntze

codes: HAW SCI

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

Society Is.

code: SCI

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 494 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: graminoid

value: non-woody

value: geophyte

value: perennial

value: achene

authors: (Gaudich.) T.Koyama

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69: 62

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaerina-articulata

scientific: Machaerina articulata

authorship: (R.Br.) T.Koyama

epithet: articulata

Baumea articulata

authorship: (R.Br.) S.T.Blake

Baumea loculata

authorship: Boeckeler

Chapelliera articulata

authorship: (R.Br.) Nees

Gahnia articulata

authorship: (R.Br.) F.Muell.

Mariscus articulatus

authorship: (R.Br.) Kuntze

codes: NWG NSW NZN QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU NWC VAN

New Guinea

code: NWG

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

New Zealand North

code: NZN

region: New Zealand

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Vanuatu

code: VAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 380 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Jointed twig rush
jointed rush

label: Leaf retention

value: nut

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaerina-iridifolia

scientific: Machaerina iridifolia

authorship: (Bory) T.Koyama

epithet: iridifolia

published_in: Naturaliste Canad. 88: 250 (1961)

Cladium iridifolium

authorship: (Bory) Baker

Cladium latifolium

authorship: Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake

Cladium lavarum

authorship: (Poir.) Cordem.

Lepidosperma ensifolium

authorship: Willd. ex Kunth

authorship: Willd. ex Link

Machaerina lavarum

authorship: (Poir.) Bojer

Mariscus lavarum

authorship: (Poir.) Kuntze

Scirpus iridifolius

authorship: Bory

Scirpus lavarum

authorship: Poir.

Vincentia ensifolia

authorship: Boeckeler ex C.B.Clarke

codes: MDG MAU REU SEY

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mauritius

code: MAU

Réunion

code: REU

Seychelles

code: SEY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Machérine à feuilles d'iris
Paille sabre

partners:
Aethocauda serrapicis
Idiomyctus nigrostriatus
Tarundia marginata
Muirileguatia acuminata

label: Life form

authors: (Baker) T.Koyama

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69: 64


slug: machaerina-juncea

scientific: Machaerina juncea

authorship: (R.Br.) T.Koyama

epithet: juncea

Baumea juncea

authorship: (R.Br.) Palla

Cladium ouveanum

authorship: (Däniker) Guillaumin

Mariscus ouveanus

authorship: Däniker

codes: NSW NZN NZS NFK QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU NWC

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Norfolk Is.

code: NFK

New Caledonia

region: Southwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 465 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: (R.Br.) T.Koyama

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaerina-rubiginosa

scientific: Machaerina rubiginosa

authorship: (Biehler) T.Koyama

epithet: rubiginosa

Baumea brownii

authorship: Boeckeler

Baumea crassa

authorship: Thwaites

Baumea rubiginosa

authorship: (Biehler) Boeckeler

Chapelliera glomerata

authorship: (R.Br.) Nees

Cladium brevistigma

authorship: Nakai

authorship: Nakai ex Tuyama

Cladium crassum

authorship: (Thwaites) Kük.

Cladium dubium

authorship: Spreng.

Cladium glomeratum f. major

authorship: Kük. ex Carse

Cladium glomeratum var. subseptatum

authorship: Benth.

Cladium nipponense

authorship: Ohwi

Cladium riparium var. crassum

authorship: (Thwaites) C.B.Clarke

Cladium rubiginosum

authorship: (Biehler) Domin

Cladium rubiginosum var. subriparium

authorship: Kük.

Cladium rubiginosum var. subseptatum

authorship: (Benth.) Domin

Fuirena rubiginosa

authorship: Biehler

Gahnia glomerata

authorship: (R.Br.) F.Muell.

Machaerina brevistigma

authorship: (Nakai ex Tuyama) T.Koyama

Machaerina crassa

authorship: (Thwaites) T.Koyama

Machaerina nipponense

authorship: (Ohwi) Ohwi & T.Koyama

Machaerina rubiginosa var. nipponensis

authorship: (Ohwi) T.Koyama

Mariscus crassus

authorship: (Thwaites) Kuntze

Mariscus riparius var. crassus

authorship: (Thwaites) Fernald

Melancranis rubiginosa

authorship: (Biehler) Spreng.

Schoenus rubiginosus

authorship: Sol. ex G.Forst.

codes: CHC CHS JAP NNS OGA ASS BAN JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SUM VIE CTM NSW NZN NZS NTA QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU NWC

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Vietnam

code: VIE

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 239 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Twig Rush
Tussock Swamp Twig Rush


slug: machaerina-sinclairii

scientific: Machaerina sinclairii

authorship: (Hook.f.) T.Koyama

epithet: sinclairii

Cladium crinitum

authorship: (Stapf) Merr.

Cladium gahnoides

authorship: Colenso

Machaerina crinita

authorship: (Stapf) T.Koyama

Machaerina robinsonii

authorship: (Merr.) T.Koyama

Vincentia crinita

authorship: Stapf

Vincentia gladiata

authorship: (Hook.f.) Boeckeler

Vincentia robinsonii

authorship: Merr.

codes: MOL PHI SUL SUM NZN

Sulawesi

code: SUL

New Zealand North

code: NZN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 350 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hook.f.) T.Koyama

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaerina-tenax

scientific: Machaerina tenax

epithet: tenax

Baumea tenax

authorship: (Hook.f.) S.T.Blake

Cladium tenax

authorship: (Hook.f.) Druce

codes: CTM NZN NZS

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaerina-teretifolia

scientific: Machaerina teretifolia

authorship: (R.Br.) T.Koyama

epithet: teretifolia

Baumea teretifolia

authorship: (R.Br.) Palla

Chapelliera teretifolia

authorship: (R.Br.) Nees

Cladium teretifolium var. typicum

authorship: Domin

Mariscus teretifolius

authorship: (R.Br.) Kuntze

codes: NWG NSW NZN NZS QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 172 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaerium-biovulatum

scientific: Machaerium biovulatum

authorship: Micheli

genus: Machaerium

epithet: biovulatum

published_in: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 34: 265 (1903)

Machaerium acanthothyrsus

authorship: Pittier

Machaerium habroneurum

authorship: Standl.

Machaerium langlassei

authorship: Micheli ex Pittier

Machaerium lilacinum

authorship: Ducke

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZC CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN PUE VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

region: Caribbean

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

names:
Machaerium sp
bejuco de ardilla

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: woody

authors: Micheli

published_in: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 34: 265, t. 15

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: machaerium-hirtum

scientific: Machaerium hirtum

authorship: (Vell.) Stellfeld

epithet: hirtum

Machaerium acaciifolium

authorship: Mart. ex Benth.

Machaerium affine

authorship: Benth.

Machaerium angustifolium

authorship: Vogel

Machaerium angustifolium f. glauca

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Machaerium bolivianum

authorship: Gand.

Machaerium jacarandifolium

authorship: Rusby

Machaerium violaceo-purpureum

authorship: Duchass. & Walp.

Nissolia hirta

authorship: Vell.

codes: AGE BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM GUY PAN PAR PER VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Guyana

code: GUY

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Tureque Tusequi

names: Aperta-cu Barreirinho

partners:
Centris analis
Centris tarsata

value: phanerophyte

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaerium-kegelii

scientific: Machaerium kegelii

authorship: Meisn.

epithet: kegelii

Machaerium steinbachianum

authorship: Hoehne

codes: MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Colombia

code: CLM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Suriname

code: SUR

lifeform: scrambling tree

value: shrub

value: liana

value: vine

authors: Meisn.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: machaerium-macaense

scientific: Machaerium macaense

authorship: C.V.Mendonça, A.M.G.Azevedo & H.C.Lima

epithet: macaense

authors: C.V.Mendonça, A.M.G.Azevedo & H.C.Lima

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: machaerium-nyctitans

scientific: Machaerium nyctitans

authorship: (Vell.) Benth.

epithet: nyctitans

published_in: Comm. Legum. Gen. : 34 (1837)

Machaerium sericiflorum

authorship: Gardner

names: Bico-de-pato Cauvi

value: nanophanerophyte

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: machaerium-riparium

scientific: Machaerium riparium

authorship: Brandegee

epithet: riparium

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 500 (1919)

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ GUA HON PAN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

partners:
Centris
Centris dentata
Centris rhodoprocta
Gaesischia exul
Megachile
Megachile otomita

authors: Brandegee

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 500

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machairophyllum-albidum

scientific: Machairophyllum albidum

authorship: (L.) Schwantes

genus: Machairophyllum

epithet: albidum

family: Aizoaceae

published_in: in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 42: . 1927.

Bergeranthus cookii

authorship: (L.Bolus) Schwantes

Mesembryanthemum albidum

authorship: L.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 153 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schwantes

published_in: Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 1927, xlii. 187


slug: machairophyllum-brevifolium

scientific: Machairophyllum brevifolium

epithet: brevifolium

published_in: Notes Mesembryanthemum 3: 126. 1938.

published_in: Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L. Bolus] 3: 126

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: machaonia-coulteri

scientific: Machaonia coulteri

authorship: (Hook.f.) Standl.

genus: Machaonia

epithet: coulteri

family: Rubiaceae

Mexico Northeast

region: Mexico

lifeform: shrub

authors: Standl.

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 209

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machaonia-erythrocarpa

scientific: Machaonia erythrocarpa

authorship: (Standl.) Borhidi

epithet: erythrocarpa

Allenanthus erythrocarpus

authorship: Standl.

Chimarrhis decurrens

authorship: Steyerm.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Nicaragua

code: NIC

authors: (Standl.) Borhidi


slug: machaonia-lindeniana

scientific: Machaonia lindeniana

authorship: Baill.

epithet: lindeniana

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris  1: 204 (1879)

codes: MXT BLZ GUA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris i. (1879) 204


slug: machilus-chekiangensis

scientific: Machilus chekiangensis

genus: Machilus

epithet: chekiangensis

family: Lauraceae

Machilus longipedunculatus

authorship: S.K.Lee & F.N.Wei

Persea chekiangensis

authorship: (S.K.Lee) Kosterm.

Persea longipedunculata

authorship: (S.K.Lee & F.N.Wei) Kosterm.

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
浙江润楠
浙江潤楠 (長序潤楠)

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(2): 53

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machilus-gamblei

scientific: Machilus gamblei

authorship: King ex Hook.f.

epithet: gamblei

Persea bombycina

authorship: (King ex Hook.f.) Kosterm.

codes: CHC CHS CHH CHT ASS BAN EHM LAO MYA NEP THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

names:
黄心树
huang xin shu

partners:
Pachymetopius anamikus
Calliteara grotei
Columba punicea
Cricula trifenestrata
Ducula aenea
Ducula badia
Psalis pennatula
Stueningeria phaga

value: evergreen

value: berry

published_in: Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 5(13): 138


slug: machilus-glaucescens

scientific: Machilus glaucescens

authorship: (Nees) Wight

epithet: glaucescens

Cryptocarya floribunda

authorship: Miq. ex Meisn.

Laurus acuminata

authorship: Wall. ex Meisn.

Laurus floribunda

authorship: Wall.

Laurus glaucescens

authorship: Roxb.

Laurus sylvestris

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.

Machilus glaucescens var. metzii

authorship: Meisn.

Machilus macrantha var. brevifolia

authorship: (M.Gangop.) Kottaim.

Machilus macranthus

authorship: Nees

Machilus villosus

authorship: (Roxb.) Hook.f.

Persea glaucescens

authorship: (Nees) D.G.Long

Persea macrantha

authorship: (Nees) Kosterm.

Persea villosa

authorship: (Roxb.) Kosterm.

Phoebe glaucescens

authorship: (Nees) Nees

Phoebe villosa

authorship: (Roxb.) Wight

codes: CHC ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP SRL

India

code: IND

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

authors: (Nees) Wight

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machilus-konishii

scientific: Machilus konishii

authorship: Hayata

epithet: konishii

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo  30(1): 240 (1911)

Nothaphoebe konishii

authorship: (Hayata) Hayata

Persea konishii

authorship: (Hayata) Kosterm.

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

names: 小西氏楠 台湾润楠

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  240

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: machilus-pauhoi

scientific: Machilus pauhoi

authorship: Kaneh.

epithet: pauhoi

Persea pauhoi

authorship: (Kaneh.) Kosterm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 刨花润楠 白楠木

authors: Kaneh.


slug: machilus-thunbergii

scientific: Machilus thunbergii

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: thunbergii

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.  4(3): 202 (1846)

Laurus indica

authorship: Thunb.

Machilus arisanensis var. nanshoensis

authorship: (Kaneh.) Yamam.

Machilus taiwanensis

authorship: Kamik.

Machilus thunbergii f. stenophylla

authorship: (Koidz.) Sugim.

Machilus thunbergii var. kwashotensis

authorship: (Hayata) Yamam.

Machilus thunbergii var. obovata

authorship: Nakai

Machilus thunbergii var. stenophylla

authorship: Koidz.

name: Machilus thunbergii var. trochodendroides

authorship: Masam.

Persea thunbergii

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Kosterm.

codes: CHN CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1986 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 紅楠 红楠

partners:
Apis cerana
Polistes gigas

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Graphium sarpedon
Alcippe brunnea
Alcippe morrisonia
Antheraea formosana
Archips capsigerana
Chilasa agestor
Columba janthina
Columba pulchricollis

authors: Siebold & Zucc.


slug: machilus-velutinus

scientific: Machilus velutinus

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

epithet: velutinus

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 198 (1853)

Persea velutina

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Kosterm.

codes: CHS CHH LAO VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 猴高铁 绒毛桢楠

authors: Champ. ex Benth.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 198


slug: machilus-zuihoensis

scientific: Machilus zuihoensis

authorship: Hayata

epithet: zuihoensis

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo  30(1): 244 (1911)

Machilus zuihoensis f. longipaniculata

authorship: (Hayata) Tang S.Liu & J.C.Liao

Persea zuihoensis

authorship: (Hayata) H.L.Li

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Incense Machilus
Zuiho Machilus

names: 香楠 香润楠

partners:
Alcippe brunnea
Alcippe morrisonia
Columba pulchricollis
Cyanoderma ruficeps
Dendrocitta formosae
Erpornis zantholeuca
Garrulax poecilorhynchus
Garrulus glandarius

partners:
Daphnephila truncicola
Daphnephila urnicola

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  244

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: mackaya-bella

scientific: Mackaya bella

authorship: Harv.

genus: Mackaya

epithet: bella

family: Acanthaceae

Asystasia bella

authorship: (Harv.) Vesque

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 170 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Forest Bell-bush
River Bells

names: Макайя прекрасная

names: blouklokkiesbos bosklokkiesbos

names: mufhanza muphanza

names: umavuthwa uphulule

value: 3 m

authors: Harv.

published_in: Thes. Cap. i. 8. t. 13 (1859); et in Proc. Dubl. Zool. & Bot. Assoc. i. (1859)253. t. 26

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: mackaya-neesiana

scientific: Mackaya neesiana

authorship: (Wall.) Das

epithet: neesiana

Asystasia neesiana

authorship: (Wall.) Nees

Asystasiella chinensis

authorship: (S.Moore) E.Hossain

Asystasiella neesiana

authorship: (Wall.) Lindau

Ruellia auriculata

authorship: Wall.

Ruellia crucis

authorship: Steud.

codes: CHC CHS TAI ASS BAN EHM LAO MLY MYA THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 197 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 白接骨 尼氏擬馬偕花

value: herb

authors: (Wall.) Das

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: mackinlaya-confusa

scientific: Mackinlaya confusa

authorship: Hemsl.

genus: Mackinlaya

epithet: confusa

family: Apiaceae

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 259 (1909)

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909(6): 259

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: mackinlaya-macrosciadea

scientific: Mackinlaya macrosciadea

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

epithet: macrosciadea

preferred: blue umbrella

english:
blue umbrella
mackinlaya

codes: NTA QLD

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 183 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blue umbrella
mackinlaya

names: 大参棕 蓝伞木

value: drupe

source: Wikidata

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 4(28): 120

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: macleania-insignis

scientific: Macleania insignis

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

genus: Macleania

epithet: insignis

family: Ericaceae

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 9(2): 531 (1842)

Macleania colorata

authorship: Klotzsch

Macleania insignis var. linearifolia

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Standl. & L.O.Williams

Macleania linearifolia

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) A.C.Sm.

Orthaea laurifolia

authorship: Luteyn

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: tuberous epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 蜂鸟杜鹃 蜂鸟花

authors: M.Martens & Galeotti

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles ix. (1842) 531

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macleania-robusta

scientific: Macleania robusta

authorship: Rusby

epithet: robusta

Colombia

code: CLM

authors: Rusby

published_in: Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 75

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: macleania-rupestris

scientific: Macleania rupestris

authorship: (Kunth) A.C.Sm.

epithet: rupestris

Macleania alpicola

authorship: (Klotzsch) Hoerold

Macleania attenuata

authorship: B.Fedtsch. & Basil.

Macleania elliptica

authorship: Hoerold

Macleania nitida

authorship: (Kunth) Hoerold

Macleania punctata var. puberula

authorship: Danguy & Cherm.

Macleania racemosa

authorship: Cufod.

Psammisia nitida

authorship: (Kunth) Klotzsch

Thibaudia nitida

authorship: Kunth

codes: BOL CLM COS ECU NIC PAN PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 877 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chaki lulun
Chupa lulun

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Chalcostigma herrani
Diglossa albilatera
Diglossa caerulescens
Diglossa humeralis
Eriocnemis derbyi
Eriocnemis mosquera
Lesbia victoriae
Metallura tyrianthina

partners:
Anisognathus igniventris
Apis mellifera
Atlapetes pallidinucha
Caloptilia camaronae
Chalcostigma heteropogon
Chlorospingus flavopectus
Coeligena helianthea
Colibri coruscans

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: macleaya-cordata

scientific: Macleaya cordata

authorship: (Willd.) R.Br.

genus: Macleaya

epithet: cordata

family: Papaveraceae

published_in: Narr. Travels Africa : 218 (1826)

preferred: plume poppy

Bocconia cordata

authorship: Willd.

Bocconia cordata var. thunbergii

authorship: Miq.

Bocconia japonica

authorship: hort. ex André

Bocconia jedoensis

authorship: Carrière

Macleaya cordata var. yedoensis

authorship: (André) Fedde

Macleaya yedoensis

authorship: (Carrière) André

Marzaria cordata

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1069 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Berberine

activities: (+)-Inotropic Abortifacient Adrenolytic Amebicide Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiacne

Sanguinarine

activities: 12-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antibacterial Anticholinesterase Antiedemic Antigingivitic

Protopine

activities: Abortifacient Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Amphicholeretic Analgesic Antiaggregant Antiarrhythmic Antibacterial Anticholinergic

Allocryptopine

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarrhythmic Antifibrillary Soporific

Chelirubine

activities: Antibacterial Molluscicide Pesticide

Bocconine

activities: Anesthetic Nematicide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
plume poppy
Five-seed Plume-poppy

names: 博落回 博落迴

names: Маклейя сердцевидная

names:
Weißer Federmohn
Herzblatt-Federmohn

names:
Macleaya a feuilles cordees
Macléya cordé, Bocconie cordée

names: Bocconia Pluimpapaver

names:
Vippvallmo
Storfruktig vippvallmo

partners:
Sphegina clunipes
Anthophora dispar
Apis cerana
Araneidae
Bombus
Bombus diversus diversus
Bombus hypocrita hypocrita
Bombus ignitus

partners:
Anthophora dispar
Apis cerana
Araneidae
Bombus
Bombus affinis
Bombus diversus diversus
Bombus hypocrita hypocrita
Bombus ignitus

value: non-woody

published_in: Narr. Travels Africa [Denham & Clapperton] App. XXII: 218


slug: macledium-latifolium

scientific: Macledium latifolium

authorship: (DC.) S.Ortiz

genus: Macledium

epithet: latifolium

Dicoma latifolia

authorship: DC.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

names: Karmedik steekblom

authors: (DC.) S.Ortiz


slug: macledium-relhanioides

scientific: Macledium relhanioides

authorship: (Less.) S.Ortiz

epithet: relhanioides

Dicoma relhanioides

authorship: Less.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

value: perennial

authors: (Less.) S.Ortiz

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: macledium-speciosum

scientific: Macledium speciosum

epithet: speciosum

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

names: ihlabamakhondlwane isihlabamakkhonjane

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: macledium-spinosum

scientific: Macledium spinosum

authorship: (L.) S.Ortiz

epithet: spinosum

Dicoma burmanii

authorship: (Cass.) Less.

Dicoma spinosa

authorship: (L.) Druce

Helichrysum spinosum

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Macledium burmanni

authorship: Cass.

Xeranthemum spinosum

authorship: L.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 393 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.) S.Ortiz


slug: macledium-zeyheri

scientific: Macledium zeyheri

authorship: (Sond.) S.Ortiz

epithet: zeyheri

Dicoma argyrophylla

authorship: Oliv.

Dicoma thyrsiflora

authorship: (Klatt.) Thell.

Dicoma zeyheri

authorship: Sond.

Dicoma zeyheri subsp. argyrophylla

authorship: (Oliv.) G.V.Pope

Dicoma zeyheri var. thyrsiflora

authorship: Klatt

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MOZ TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 478 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: mahlabane somanheva

names: umgele umlunge

names: isihlabamakhondlwane ububendle

authors: (Sond.) S.Ortiz


slug: maclura-africana

scientific: Maclura africana

authorship: (Bureau) Corner

genus: Maclura

epithet: africana

family: Moraceae

published_in: Gard. Bull. Singapore 19: 237 (1962)

Cardiogyne africana

authorship: Bureau

Milicia spinosa

authorship: Sim

codes: KEN NAT MDG MLW MOZ TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: scrambling shrub or tree

names:
African Osage Orange
African osage-orange

names: Afrika-soetlemoen afrikasoetlemoen

authors: (Bureau) Corner

published_in: Gard. Bull. Singapore 19: 237


slug: maclura-cochinchinensis

scientific: Maclura cochinchinensis

authorship: (Lour.) Corner

epithet: cochinchinensis

published_in: Gard. Bull. Singapore 19: 239 (1962)

Boehmeria cochinchinensis

authorship: Pers.

Cudrania amboinensis

authorship: Miq.

Cudrania cambodiana

authorship: Gagnep.

Cudrania cochinchinensis

authorship: (Lour.) Yakuro Kudo & Masam.

name: Cudrania cochinchinensis var. gerontogea

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Kudô & Masam.

Cudrania fruticosa

authorship: Wight ex Kurz

Cudrania grandifolia

authorship: Merr.

Cudrania integra

authorship: F.T.Wang & Tang

Cudrania javanensis

authorship: Trécul

Cudrania rectispina

authorship: Hance

Cudrania rumphii

authorship: Thwaites

Cudrania spinosus

authorship: Kuntze

Maclura amboinensis

authorship: Blume

Maclura cochinchinensis var. bancroftii

authorship: (Bailey) Corner

Maclura cochinchinensis var. gerontogea

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) S.S.Ying

Maclura cochinchinensis var. pubescens

authorship: (Trécul) Corner

Maclura gerontogea

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Maclura pubescens

authorship: (Trécul) Z.K.Zhou & M.G.Gilbert

Maclura thorelii

authorship: (Gagnep.) Corner

Procris cochinchinensis

authorship: Spreng.

Trophis fruticosa

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Vanieria alternifolia

authorship: Stokes

Vanieria cochinchinensis

authorship: Lour.

name: Vanieria cochinchinensis var. gerontogea

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai

Vanieria fruticosa

authorship: (Roxb.) Chun

Vanieria pubescens

authorship: (Trécul) Chun

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI CHT ASS BAN BOR CBD XMS EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NSW QLD NWC

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

Christmas I.

code: XMS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1975 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ماکلورا کوشینشیننسیس

partners:
Pteropus poliocephalus
Elephas maximus
Pteropus alecto
Zasmidium macluricola