slug: cnidium-cnidiifolium

scientific: Cnidium cnidiifolium

authorship: (Turcz.) Schischk.

genus: Cnidium

epithet: cnidiifolium

family: Apiaceae

preferred: Jakutsk snowparsley

Conioselinum cnidiifolium

authorship: (Turcz.) A.E.Porsild

Selinum cnidiifolium

authorship: Turcz.

codes: KAM KHA KRA MAG YAK ASK BRC NWT YUK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

region: Siberia

Magadan

code: MAG

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 187 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Jakutsk snowparsley
Jakutsk snow-parsley

names: Жгун-корень книдиелистный

partners:
Bombus cryptarum
Dolichovespula norwegica
Ectemnius ruficornis
Hammerschmidtia rufa
Meliscaeva cinctella
Pachyta lamed liturata

label: Flowering months

value: Jun-Jul

authors: (Turcz.) Schischk.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: cnidium-monnieri

scientific: Cnidium monnieri

authorship: Cusson

epithet: monnieri

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Monnier's snowparsley

source: wikidata

Athamanta crithmoides

authorship: Lapeyr.

Athamanta daucifolia

authorship: Lag.

authorship: Host

Athamanta libanotis var. pyrenaica

authorship: (Jacq.) Roth

Athamanta pyrenaica

authorship: Jacq.

Cicuta monnieri

authorship: Crantz

Cicuta sinensis

authorship: Zuccagni

Cnidium confertum

authorship: Moench

Cnidium microcarpum

authorship: Turcz. ex Steud.

Ligusticopsis mongolica

authorship: (H.Wolff) Leute

Ligusticum minus

authorship: Lam.

Ligusticum monnieri

authorship: Calest.

Pinasgelon monnieri

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Selinum densiflorum

authorship: Salisb.

Selinum monnieri

authorship: L.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KHA KOR KRA CHM MON PRM CHQ TAI CHT YAK ASS BAN IND LAO VIE

Amur

code: AMU

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Vietnam

code: VIE

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Monnier's snowparsley
Monnier’s snowparsley

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: cnidium-silaifolium

scientific: Cnidium silaifolium

authorship: Fiori & Paol.

epithet: silaifolium

published_in: Enum. Fl. Transsilv. : 259 (1887)

preferred: celeryleaf licorice-root

source: usda

Cnidium apioides

authorship: Spreng.

Cnidium apioides subsp. orientale

authorship: (Boiss.) Nyman

Cnidium orientale

authorship: Boiss.

Cnidium reichenbachii

authorship: Huter ex T.Pichl.

authorship: Huter ex Nyman

Cnidium silaifolium subsp. orientale

authorship: (Boiss.) Tutin

Cnidium silaifolium var. orientale

authorship: (Boiss.) Halácsy

Katapsuxis cicutefolia

authorship: Raf.

Katapsuxis silaifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov

Katapsuxis silaifolia var. orientalis

authorship: (Boiss.) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov

name: Katapsuxis silaifolia var. reichenbachii

authorship: (Huter ex T.Pichl.) Ostr.

Ligusticum apiifolium

authorship: Desf.

Ligusticum silaifolium

authorship: Gaudin

Selinum orientale

authorship: (Boiss.) Benth. & Hook.f.

Selinum silaifolium

authorship: Beck

Selinum silaifolium subsp. eichenbachii

authorship: Leute

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: EAI LBS TUR ALB BUL FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG ROM SWI

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Switzerland

code: SWI

region: Middle Europe

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 245 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

published_in: Fl. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 2: 170

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-aconitifolius

scientific: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius

authorship: (Mill.) I.M.Johnst.

genus: Cnidoscolus

epithet: aconitifolius

family: Euphorbiaceae

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 86 (1923)

preferred: treadsoftly

Cnidoscolus chaya

authorship: Lundell

Cnidoscolus chayamansa

authorship: McVaugh

Cnidoscolus fragrans

authorship: Pohl

Cnidoscolus longipedunculatus

authorship: (Brandegee) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Cnidoscolus napifolius

authorship: (Desr.) Pohl

Cnidoscolus quinquelobatus

authorship: (Mill.) León

Jatropha aconitifolia

authorship: Mill.

Jatropha aconitifolia var. palmata

authorship: (Willd.) Müll.Arg.

Jatropha aconitifolia var. papaya

authorship: (Medik.) Pax

Jatropha deutziiflora

authorship: Croizat

Jatropha fragrans

authorship: Kunth

Jatropha longepedunculata

authorship: (Brandegee) Brandegee

Jatropha napifolia

authorship: Desr.

Jatropha palmata

authorship: Willd.

Jatropha papaya

authorship: Medik.

Jatropha polyantha

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha urens var. inermis

authorship: Calvino

Jatropha urens var. longepedunculata

authorship: Brandegee

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 500 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
treadsoftly
Spinach tree

names:
Chicasquil
Mala mujer

names: Книдосколус аконитолистный

names: Boomspinazie Chaya

names: คะน้าเม็กซิโก

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Dione vanillae
Erynnis horatius
Leptotes cassius
Nannotrigona perilampoides
Thecla angelia

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Anteos maerula
Chioides zilpa
Ganyra josephina josepha
Papilio rumiko

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: tree

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-angustidens

scientific: Cnidoscolus angustidens

authorship: Torr.

epithet: angustidens

preferred: mala mujer

Cnidoscolus angustidens subsp. dentatus

authorship: Breckon ex Fern.Casas

Cnidoscolus calyculatus

authorship: (Pax & K.Hoffm.) I.M.Johnst.

Cnidoscolus orbiculatus

authorship: Lundell

Jatropha angustidens

authorship: (Torr.) Müll.Arg.

Jatropha pringlei

authorship: (I.M.Johnst.) Standl.

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXN MXS

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 323 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Codatractus
Codatractus arizonensis
Cogia hippalus
Copaeodes aurantiaca
Pyrisitia proterpia
Thorybes valeriana

value: chamaephyte

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Torr.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 198

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

field: care

field: toxicity

field: phenology

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: cnidoscolus-maculatus

scientific: Cnidoscolus maculatus

authorship: (Brandegee) Pax & K.Hoffm.

epithet: maculatus

codes: MXN MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 362 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners: Dasytidae Hesperiinae

value: geophyte

authors: Pax & K.Hoffm.

published_in: Pflanzenr. 4, Fam. 147, xvii: 193

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-megacanthus

scientific: Cnidoscolus megacanthus

epithet: megacanthus

codes: MXS COS GUA NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 6 m

authors: Breckon ex Fern.Casas


slug: cnidoscolus-multilobus

scientific: Cnidoscolus multilobus

authorship: (Pax) I.M.Johnst.

epithet: multilobus

Jatropha multiloba

authorship: Pax

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (Pax) I.M.Johnst.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 86

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-quercifolius

scientific: Cnidoscolus quercifolius

authorship: Pohl

epithet: quercifolius

published_in: Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 62 (1827)

Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Janipha phyllacantha

authorship: Mart. ex Pohl

Jatropha phyllacantha var. lobata

authorship: (Pohl) Müll.Arg.

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: phanerophyte

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: capsule

authors: Pohl ex Baill.

published_in: Adansonia 4: 275

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-rotundifolius

scientific: Cnidoscolus rotundifolius

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) McVaugh

epithet: rotundifolius

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71: 466 (1944)

lifeform: shrub

authors: (Müll.Arg.) McVaugh

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71: 466

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-sinaloensis

scientific: Cnidoscolus sinaloensis

epithet: sinaloensis

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
Chilte amargo
Ortiga

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cnidoscolus-souzae

scientific: Cnidoscolus souzae

authorship: McVaugh

epithet: souzae

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71: 468 (1944)

codes: MXG MXT BLZ GUA

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chaya silvestre
Mala mujer

authors: McVaugh

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71: 468

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-stimulosus

scientific: Cnidoscolus stimulosus

authorship: (Michx.) Engelm. & A.Gray

epithet: stimulosus

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 234 (1845)

Bivonea stimulosa

authorship: (Michx.) Raf.

Cnidoscolus urens var. stimulosus

authorship: (Michx.) Govaerts

Jatropha stimulosa

authorship: Michx.

Jatropha stipulosa

authorship: Steud.

Jatropha urens var. stimulosa

authorship: (Michx.) Müll.Arg.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bull-nettle
finger rot

partners:
Cecropterus pylades
Conocephalini
Dione vanillae
Erynnis funeralis
Erynnis horatius
Hedone vibex
Heliconius charithonia
Odontoxiphidium apterum

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

authors: (Michx.) Engelm. & A.Gray

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 234


slug: cnidoscolus-tehuacanensis

scientific: Cnidoscolus tehuacanensis

authorship: Breckon

epithet: tehuacanensis

codes: MXC MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Breckon

published_in: Brittonia 31: 140 (-142), figs

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-tepiquensis

scientific: Cnidoscolus tepiquensis

authorship: (Costantin & Gallaud) Lundell

epithet: tepiquensis

Cnidoscolus tepiquensis

authorship: (Costantin & Gallaud) McVaugh

Jatropha tepiquensis

authorship: Costantin & Gallaud

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Chilte
Chilte blanco

authors: (Costantin & Gallaud) Lundell

published_in: Field & Lab. 12: 36, in adnot

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cnidoscolus-texanus

scientific: Cnidoscolus texanus

authorship: Small

epithet: texanus

preferred: Texas Bull Nettle

english:
Texas Bull Nettle
Texas bullnettle

source: inat

Bivonea texana

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) House

codes: ARK LOU MXE OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1991 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Texas bullnettle
Texas bull-nettle

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Hyles lineata
Manduca quincemaculata

partners:
Battus philenor
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Meromacrus acutus
Strigoderma arbicola

partners:
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Meromacrus acutus
Zenaida asiatica

authors: Small

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: cnidoscolus-urens

scientific: Cnidoscolus urens

authorship: (L.) Arthur

epithet: urens

preferred: cnidoscolus

Cnidoscolus adenophilus

authorship: (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Cnidoscolus marcgravii

authorship: Pohl

Cnidoscolus mexicanus

authorship: Klotzsch ex Pax

Cnidoscolus michauxii

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Cnidoscolus tubulosus var. triloba

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Lourteig & O'Donnell

Cnidoscolus tubulosus var. trilobus

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Lourteig & O'Donell

Cnidoscolus urens subsp. adenophilus

authorship: (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Breckon

Cnidoscolus vitifolius var. repandus

authorship: Griseb.

Janipha urens

authorship: (L.) Poir. ex Pohl

Jatropha adenophila

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

Jatropha herbacea

authorship: L.

Jatropha osteocarpa

authorship: Schott ex Pax

Jatropha urens var. herbacea

authorship: (L.) Müll.Arg.

Jatropha vitifolia var. repanda

authorship: (Griseb.) Pax

Jussieuia herbacea

authorship: Houst.

Manihot herbacea

authorship: Crantz

Manihot urens

authorship: (L.) Crantz

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS AGE AGW ARU BOL BZE BZS BZL CLM COS CUB ECU FRG GUA GUY HON LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 445 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anartia jatrophae
Dione vanillae
Echelatus sempiternus
Phoebis sennae marcellina
Urbanus proteus
Eurema daira

partners:
Heliconius melpomene melpomene
Junonia litoralis
Utetheisa ornatrix
Xenophanes tryxus

partners:
Agonosoma flavolineata
Cladonota apicalis
Sapajus flavius

partners: Cnidoscolus mosaic leaf deformation virus

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cnidoscolus-vitifolius

scientific: Cnidoscolus vitifolius

epithet: vitifolius

published_in: Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 61 (1827)

Jatropha vitifolia

authorship: Mill.

Manihot spinosissima

authorship: Steud.

codes: BZN BZE BZL BZC

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

value: 4 m

authors: Pohl

published_in: Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. i. 61

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cobaea-gracilis

scientific: Cobaea gracilis

authorship: (Oerst.) Hemsl.

genus: Cobaea

epithet: gracilis

family: Polemoniaceae

Cobaea panamensis

authorship: Standl.

Rosenbergia gracilis

authorship: Oerst.

codes: COS PAN

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: climber

value: liana

authors: (Oerst.) Hemsl.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: cobaea-scandens

scientific: Cobaea scandens

authorship: Cav.

epithet: scandens

Cobaea lasseri

authorship: Pittier

Cobaea scandens unranked alba

authorship: Hovey

Cobaea scandens unranked variegata

authorship: W.Bull ex Blandy

Cobaea scandens var. foliis-variegatis

authorship: André

Rosenbergia scandens

authorship: House

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 963 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cathedral Bells
Cup-and-saucer vine

names:
Campana morada
Campanula

names: Кобея лазящая

names:
Cobée grimpante
Cobée volubile, Cobée grimpante

names: Кабея лазячая

partners:
Anoura caudifer
Anoura geoffroyi
Chiroptera
Glossophaga soricina
Tetragonisca angustula

value: vine

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: evergreen

authors: Cav.

published_in: Icon. [Cavanilles] 1: 11, t. 16


slug: cobaea-stipularis

scientific: Cobaea stipularis

authorship: Benth.

epithet: stipularis

Rosenbergia stipularis

authorship: (Benth.) House

lifeform: liana

value: non-woody

authors: Benth.

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 45


slug: coccinia-adoensis

scientific: Coccinia adoensis

authorship: (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn.

genus: Coccinia

epithet: adoensis

family: Cucurbitaceae

Cephalandra pubescens

authorship: Sond.

Coccinia aostae

authorship: Buscal. & Muschl.

Coccinia diversifolia

authorship: Cogn.

Coccinia djurensis

authorship: Schweinf. & Gilg

Coccinia hartmanniana

authorship: Schweinf.

Coccinia jatrophifolia

authorship: (A.Rich.) Cogn.

Coccinia princeae

authorship: Gilg

Coccinia pubescens

authorship: Eyles

authorship: Cogn. ex Harms

Coccinia roseiflora

authorship: Suess.

Momordica adoensis

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

codes: ANG BOT BUR CMN CPV CAF CHA ZAI ERI SWZ ETH OFS GHA KEN NAT MLW MOZ NAM NGA TVL RWA SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

continent: AFRICA

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Ghana

code: GHA

region: West Tropical Africa

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 193 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: coccinia-grandiflora

scientific: Coccinia grandiflora

authorship: Cogn. ex Engl.

epithet: grandiflora

published_in: Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 34 (1894)

codes: KEN MLW MOZ TAN ZIM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: climbing perennial

names: Кокциния крупноцветковая

value: herb

authors: Cogn. ex Engl.


slug: coccinia-grandis

scientific: Coccinia grandis

authorship: (L.) Voigt

epithet: grandis

published_in: Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. : 59 (1845)

preferred: ivy gourd

source: wikidata

Bryonia alceifolia

authorship: Willd.

Bryonia barbata

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Cogn.

Bryonia grandis

authorship: L.

Bryonia moimoi

authorship: Ser.

Bryonia sinuosa

authorship: Wall.

Cephalandra grandis

authorship: Kurz

Cephalandra indica

authorship: Naudin

Cephalandra moghadd

authorship: (Asch.) Broun & R.E.Massey

Coccinia grandis var. wightiana

authorship: (M.Roem.) Greb.

Coccinia indica

authorship: Wight & Arn.

Coccinia moghadd

authorship: (Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.) Asch.

Coccinia palmatisecta

authorship: Kotschy

Cucumis pavel

authorship: Kostel.

Cucurbita dioica

authorship: Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.

Cucurbita schimperiana

authorship: Hochst. ex Cogn.

Luffa moghadd

authorship: (Forssk.) Peterm.

Momordica bicolor

authorship: Blume

Momordica covel

authorship: Dennst.

Momordica monadelpha

authorship: Roxb.

codes: BEN CMN CAF CHA ZAI DJI ERI ETH GAM GHA GNB IVO KEN MLI MTN NGR NGA SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA CHC CHS CHH SAU YEM ASS BAN BOR CBD IND JAW LDV LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP PAK PHI SCS SRL SUL THA VIE WHM

Benin

code: BEN

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Gambia

code: GAM

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Niger

code: NGR

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Somalia

code: SOM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1999 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Lupeol

activities: AntiEBV Antiangiogenic Antiedemic Antiflu Antihyperglycemic Antiinflammatory Antilithic Antimalarial

Cucurbitacin-b

activities: Antigibberellin Antihepatotoxic Antiinflammatory Antitumor Cancer-Preventive Cytotoxic Insectifuge Insectiphile

Beta-amyrin

activities: Analgesic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiulcer Gastroprotective Hepatoprotective Larvicide

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

Beta-amyrin-acetate

activities: Anticonvulsant Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antioxidant

Citrulline

activities: Antiasthenic Antihepatotic Antiosteoporotic? Diuretic

names: Кокциния крупная

names: បាស ឬស្លឹកបាស

partners:
Apis mellifera
Papilio demoleus
Tapinoma melanocephalum
Xylocopa fenestrata

partners:
Cynopterus sphinx
Acridotheres tristis
Adoxophyes sp.
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Cinnyris asiaticus
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvus splendens

partners:
Coccinia mosaic Tamil Nadu virus
Coccinia mottle virus


slug: coccinia-hirtella

scientific: Coccinia hirtella

authorship: Cogn.

epithet: hirtella

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 821 (1896)

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: OFS NAT LES

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

value: 3 m

value: perennial

authors: Cogn.

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier iv. 821


slug: coccinia-mackenii

scientific: Coccinia mackenii

authorship: Naudin ex C.Huber

epithet: mackenii

published_in: Nursery Cat. (Charles Huber Bros. and Co.) 1865(Cat. Print.): 5 (1865)

Cephalandra palmata

authorship: Sond.

Coccinia dinteri

authorship: André

Coccinia palmata

authorship: (Sond.) Cogn.

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 207 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Naudin ex C.Huber

published_in: Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Konigl. Preuss. Staaten 8: 52 (1865);

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccinia-quinqueloba

scientific: Coccinia quinqueloba

authorship: (Thunb.) Cogn.

epithet: quinqueloba

Bryonia quinqueloba

authorship: Thunb.

Cephalandra quinqueloba

authorship: Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.

Melothria quinqueloba

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh. ex M.Roem.

Momordica quinqueloba

authorship: (Thunb.) E.Mey.

codes: CPP NAT

lifeform: climbing tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

authors: (Thunb.) Cogn.

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 3: 533

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccinia-rehmannii

scientific: Coccinia rehmannii

epithet: rehmannii

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 418 (1895)

Coccinia ovifera

authorship: Dinter & Gilg

Coccinia rehmannii var. littoralis

authorship: Meeuse

codes: ANG BOT CPP SWZ OFS NAT MOZ NAM TVL ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: climbing caudex geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 321 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cucumber Bushpumpkin
Wild Cucumber

names: Kgalemela Mmadigonyane

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: 5 m

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier iii. (1895) 418

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccocypselum-aureum

scientific: Coccocypselum aureum

authorship: (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl.

genus: Coccocypselum

epithet: aureum

family: Rubiaceae

Coccocypselum aureum var. capitatum

authorship: (Benth.) Steyerm.

Rondeletia capitata

authorship: Benth.

Sabicea aurea

authorship: (Spreng.) Steud.

Schwenkfelda aurea

authorship: Spreng.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU FRG GUY PAN PAR PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: subshrub

names: anil brinco-de-viúva

partners:
Cerradomys scotti
Cerradomys subflavus
Didelphis albiventris
Didelphis aurita
Monodelphis domestica
Necromys lasiurus
Philander frenatus
Sciurus aestuans

value: chamaephyte

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Cham. & Schltdl.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccocypselum-cordifolium

scientific: Coccocypselum cordifolium

authorship: Nees & Mart.

epithet: cordifolium

published_in: Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur.  12: 14 (1824)

Coccocypselum nummulariifolium

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Coccocypselum pleuropodum

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Standl.

Coccocypselum rothschuhii

authorship: Loes.

codes: MXG MXT MXS BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PAR VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

names: anil fruto-corocochó-miúdo

authors: Nees & Mart.

published_in: Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 14


slug: coccocypselum-guianense

scientific: Coccocypselum guianense

authorship: (Aubl.) K.Schum.

epithet: guianense

Bellardia guianensis

authorship: (Aubl.) Forsyth f.

Bellardia repens

authorship: Willd.

Bellardia tontanea

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Coccocypselum glabrum

authorship: Bartl. ex DC.

Coccocypselum guianense var. glabratum

authorship: Proctor

Coccocypselum guianense var. patens

authorship: Steyerm.

Coccocypselum hirsutum var. glabrum

authorship: (Bartl. ex DC.) L.O.Williams

Coccocypselum tontanea

authorship: Kunth

Tontanea glabra

authorship: (Bartl. ex DC.) Standl.

Tontanea guianensis

authorship: Aubl.

codes: MXC MXT MXS BLZ BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM ECU FRG GUY HON JAM PAN PAR PER SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Jamaica

code: JAM

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccocypselum-herbaceum

scientific: Coccocypselum herbaceum

authorship: P.Browne ex Aubl.

epithet: herbaceum

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane  1: 68 (1775)

preferred: yerba de guava

Coccocypselum brownei

authorship: Desv.

Coccocypselum glaberrimum

authorship: (Borhidi & O.Muñiz) Borhidi

Coccocypselum pseudotontanea

authorship: Griseb.

name: Coccocypselum pseudotontanea var. glaberrima

authorship: Borhidi & O.Muñiz

Coccocypselum repens

authorship: Sw.

Coccocypselum tenue

authorship: Urb.

Tontanea herbacea

authorship: Standl.

Tontanea repens

authorship: (Sw.) Pers.

Tontanea tenuis

authorship: (Urb.) Standl.

codes: MXT BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM ELS GUA GUY HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PUE VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: coccocypselum-hirsutum

scientific: Coccocypselum hirsutum

authorship: Bartl. ex DC.

epithet: hirsutum

source: usda

Coccocypselum ciliatum

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Coccocypselum discolor

authorship: Van Houtte ex Kunze

Coccocypselum hirsutum var. uniflorum

authorship: Hadac

Petesia repens

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS CUB ECU ELS GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Cuba

code: CUB

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 226 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccocypselum-hispidulum

scientific: Coccocypselum hispidulum

authorship: (Standl.) Standl.

epithet: hispidulum

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser.  4: 281 (1929)

codes: CLM COS NIC PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

authors: (Standl.) Standl.


slug: coccocypselum-lanceolatum

scientific: Coccocypselum lanceolatum

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

epithet: lanceolatum

Bellardia mollis

authorship: Willd. ex DC.

Coccocypselum canescens

authorship: Willd.

Coccocypselum dichroolasium

authorship: Mart.

Condalia lanceolata

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Schwenkfelda aspera

authorship: Spreng.

Tontanea canescens

authorship: (Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Standl.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU GUA GUY NIC PAN PAR PER VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Guyana

code: GUY

Paraguay

code: PAR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 183 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Baga-de-capitão Cauaborí

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccoloba-acapulcensis

scientific: Coccoloba acapulcensis

genus: Coccoloba

epithet: acapulcensis

family: Polygonaceae

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 66 (1920)

codes: MXC MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

names: Carnero Carró

value: tree

value: shrub

authors: Standl.

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 66

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: coccoloba-acuminata

scientific: Coccoloba acuminata

authorship: Kunth

epithet: acuminata

Coccoloba acuminata var. glabra

authorship: Lindau

Coccoloba strobilulifera

authorship: Meisn.

codes: MXT BOL BZN CLM COS ECU GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

value: woody

authors: Kunth


slug: coccoloba-barbadensis

scientific: Coccoloba barbadensis

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: barbadensis

Coccoloba fluviatilis

authorship: Lundell

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ ELS GUA HON

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 91 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anteros carausius carausius
Apis mellifera

partners:
Aratinga nana
Bombycilla cedrorum
Campylorhynchus rufinucha
Dives dives
Dumetella carolinensis
Empidonax flaviventris
Empidonax minimus
Empidonax traillii

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Enum. Syst. Pl. 37


slug: coccoloba-caracasana

scientific: Coccoloba caracasana

epithet: caracasana

Coccoloba orbicularis

authorship: G.Lodd. ex Loudon

codes: MXT CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Venezuela

code: VEN

names:
Palo bolero
Papaturro

partners:
Centris
Centris flavifrons
Coelioxys
Frieseomelitta nigra
Halictus hesperus
Halictus lutescens
Lasioglossum
Megachile asymmetrica

partners:
Crax daubentoni
Oedipomidas oedipus
Tapirus terrestris

authors: Meisn.


slug: coccoloba-costata

scientific: Coccoloba costata

epithet: costata

published_in: Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 7: 343. 1870 [15 Nov 1870]

preferred: uvilla

Coccoloba rupicola

authorship: Urb.

Coccoloba samuelssonii

authorship: Ekman & O.C.Schmidt

codes: CUB DOM HAI PUE

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

published_in: Fl. Cub. (Sauvalle) 139


slug: coccoloba-diversifolia

scientific: Coccoloba diversifolia

epithet: diversifolia

preferred: tietongue

Coccoloba punctata

authorship: L.

Coccoloba punctata var. parvifolia

authorship: Griseb.

Guaiabara laurifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) House

Uvifera laurifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Kuntze

codes: FLA MXG MXE MXT MXS ARU BAH BLZ CUB DOM GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NLA PUE SWC TCI VEN WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Guatemala

code: GUA

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1515 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tietongue
Pigeon Plum

names:
Ciruelo de Paloma
Uvero

names: 異葉海葡萄 鴿梅

partners:
Cheiloceps borinqueta
Epicorsia oedipodalis
Euclea delphinii
Halysidota cinctipes
Hemeroblemma opigena
Icterus galbula
Patagioenas leucocephala


slug: coccoloba-guanacastensis

scientific: Coccoloba guanacastensis

epithet: guanacastensis

codes: COS NIC

Costa Rica

code: COS

Nicaragua

code: NIC

source: GIFT

published_in: Phytologia 49: 387

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: coccoloba-hondurensis

scientific: Coccoloba hondurensis

epithet: hondurensis

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 591 (1939)

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ GUA HON

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Honduras

code: HON

authors: Lundell

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 591


slug: coccoloba-krugii

scientific: Coccoloba krugii

epithet: krugii

preferred: whitewood

codes: BAH DOM HAI JAM LEE PUE TCI

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

authors: Lindau


slug: coccoloba-microstachya

scientific: Coccoloba microstachya

authorship: Willd.

epithet: microstachya

preferred: puckhout

name: Coccoloba microstachya var. rotundifolia

Coccoloba parvifolia

authorship: Poir.

Coccoloba parvifolia var. ovalifolia

authorship: Nutt.

codes: DOM LEE PUE

names: puckhout Puckout

names:
Negra Loca
Uverilla

authors: Willd.


slug: coccoloba-montana

scientific: Coccoloba montana

authorship: Standl.

epithet: montana

published_in: J. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 368 (1923)

codes: MXT ELS GUA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

El Salvador

code: ELS

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names: Papaturro carnero

published_in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 368


slug: coccoloba-pubescens

scientific: Coccoloba pubescens

epithet: pubescens

preferred: grandleaf seagrape

Coccoloba antiguensis

authorship: Sandwith

Coccoloba bonfilsiana

authorship: Stehlé & M.Stehlé

Coccolobis pubescens

authorship: (L.) Crantz

codes: DOM HAI LEE PUE WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
grandleaf seagrape
grandleaf sea grape

names: Hojancha Moralón

names:
Oreille d'éléphant
Raisinier grandes feuilles

label: Foliage colour

value: green

label: Flower colour

value: white


slug: coccoloba-pyrifolia

scientific: Coccoloba pyrifolia

authorship: Desf.

epithet: pyrifolia

published_in: Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 46 (1815)

preferred: uvera

Coccoloba kunthiana

authorship: Meisn.

codes: LEE PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness

authors: Desf.

published_in: Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2. 46

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccoloba-rugosa

scientific: Coccoloba rugosa

epithet: rugosa

preferred: ortegon

Coccoloba bullata

authorship: hort. ex Meisn.

Coccoloba macrantha

authorship: Hook.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 389

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccoloba-sintenisii

scientific: Coccoloba sintenisii

authorship: Urb. ex Lindau

epithet: sintenisii

preferred: uvero de monte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Urb.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13(2): 157

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: coccoloba-spicata

scientific: Coccoloba spicata

authorship: Lundell

epithet: spicata

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 594 (1939)

codes: MXC MXG MXT BLZ GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Belize

code: BLZ

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 594, fig. 4

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: coccoloba-swartzii

scientific: Coccoloba swartzii

epithet: swartzii

preferred: Swartz's pigeonplum

Coccoloba borinquensis

authorship: Britton

Coccoloba neglecta

authorship: Fawc. & Rendle

codes: MXT ARU BAH BLZ CUB DOM GUA HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PUE TCI VEN VNA WIN

Aruba

code: ARU

Bahamas

code: BAH

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

Jamaica

code: JAM

Venezuela

code: VEN

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Swartz's pigeonplum
Red Mangle

names: Ortegón Uvillón

names:
Bois rouge
Raisnier rouge

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccoloba-uvifera

scientific: Coccoloba uvifera

epithet: uvifera

preferred: sea grape

english:
sea grape
seagrape

Polygonum uviferum

authorship: L.

codes: FLA MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ARU BAH BLZ BER CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PER PUE SWC SUR TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bermuda

code: BER

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Aguna asander asander
Allograpta radiata
Amazona albifrons
Apis mellifera
Composia fidelissima
Erynnis horatius
Frieseomelitta nigra

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Agelaia centralis
Allograpta radiata
Apis mellifera
Aratus pisonii
Cantharellus coccolobae
Dielis dorsata
Megachile xylocopoides

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia perspicillata
Antillormenis barbadensis
Melormenis basalis
Nivcentia christopheri
Petrusa epilepsis
Amazona ventralis

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: coccothrinax-alta

scientific: Coccothrinax alta

authorship: (O.F.Cook) Becc.

genus: Coccothrinax

epithet: alta

family: Arecaceae

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 172 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

authors: (O.F.Cook) Becc.

published_in: Webbia 2: 331


slug: coccothrinax-argentata

scientific: Coccothrinax argentata

authorship: (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey

epithet: argentata

published_in: Gentes Herbarum 4: 223 (1939)

preferred: Florida silver palm

Coccothrinax garberi

authorship: (Chapm.) Sarg.

Coccothrinax jucunda

authorship: Sarg.

Coccothrinax jucunda var. macrosperma

authorship: Becc.

Palma argentata

authorship: Jacq.

Thrinax garberi

authorship: Chapm.

codes: FLA BAH CLM SWC TCI

Florida

code: FLA

Bahamas

code: BAH

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 410 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Florida silver palm
Biscayne palm

names: 佛州银棕 香银棕

partners:
Geocapromys ingrahami
Odocoileus virginianus
Olethreutes devotana

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Life cycle

authors: (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey

published_in: Gentes Herbarum 4: 223

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: coccothrinax-argentea

scientific: Coccothrinax argentea

authorship: (Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Sarg. ex K.Schum.

epithet: argentea

Acanthorhiza argentea

authorship: (Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) O.F.Cook

Acanthorrhiza argentea

authorship: (Lodd. ex Roem. & Schult.) O.F.Cook

Thrinax argentea

authorship: Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Thrinax graminifolia

authorship: Schaedtler

authorship: hort. ex H.Wendl.

Thrinax multiflora

authorship: Mart.

codes: DOM HAI

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

label: Least Concern

names:
Silver thatch palm
broom palm

names: Guanillo Guanito

names: 安地列斯白榈 安地列斯银棕

names:
Gouane
Latanier Balai

authors: (Lodd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Sarg. ex K.Schum.

published_in: Just's Bot. Jahresber. 27(1): 469


slug: coccothrinax-ekmanii

scientific: Coccothrinax ekmanii

authorship: Burret

epithet: ekmanii

published_in: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 6(7): 11 (1929)

Beata ekmanii

authorship: (Burret) O.F.Cook

Haitiella ekmanii

authorship: (Burret) L.H.Bailey

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Guanito
Guanito de Cabo Rojo

authors: Burret

published_in: Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 6(7): 11, t


slug: coccothrinax-jamaicensis

scientific: Coccothrinax jamaicensis

authorship: Read

epithet: jamaicensis

Jamaica

code: JAM

authors: Read

published_in: Principes 10: 133, fig. 1-9


slug: coccothrinax-proctorii

scientific: Coccothrinax proctorii

epithet: proctorii

preferred: Silver Palm

english:
Silver Palm
Thatch Palm

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Silver Palm
Thatch Palm

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

published_in: Phytologia 46: 285 (-286), fig


slug: coccothrinax-scoparia

scientific: Coccothrinax scoparia

epithet: scoparia

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 95 (1908)

authors: Becc.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 95


slug: cocculus-hirsutus

scientific: Cocculus hirsutus

authorship: (L.) W.Theob.

genus: Cocculus

epithet: hirsutus

family: Menispermaceae

Cebatha hirsuta

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Cocculus aristolochiae

authorship: DC.

Cocculus hirsutus

authorship: (L.) Diels

Cocculus holopeira-torridus

authorship: Broun & R.L.Massey

Cocculus linnaeanus

authorship: Kurz

Cocculus sepium

authorship: Colebr.

Cocculus villosus var. glabratus

authorship: Schweinf.

Convolvulus gangeticus

authorship: L.

Holopeira auriculata

authorship: Miers

Holopeira villosa

authorship: (Lam.) Miers

Limacia villosa

authorship: (DC.) W.Theob.

Menispermum hastatum

authorship: Lam.

Menispermum myosuroides

authorship: Hill

Merremia gangetica

authorship: (L.) Cufod.

codes: ANG BOT CPV ERI SWZ ETH KEN NAT MLW MOZ NAM TVL SUD TAN ZAM ZIM CHS GST SAU YEM BAN IND MYA NEP PAK SRL THA WHM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

India

code: IND

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 189 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochemiea-armillata

scientific: Cochemiea armillata

authorship: (K.Brandegee) P.B.Breslin & Majure

genus: Cochemiea

epithet: armillata

family: Cactaceae

preferred: Los Cabos nipple cactus

Bartschella armillata

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Doweld

Chilita armillata

authorship: Orcutt

Ebnerella armillata

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Buxb.

Mammillaria dioica var. armillata

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Neutel.

Neomammillaria armillata

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 720 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ハルクサマル（春草丸） ワカミドリ（若緑）

authors: (K.Brandegee) P.B.Breslin & Majure


slug: cochemiea-barbata

scientific: Cochemiea barbata

authorship: (Engelm.) Doweld

epithet: barbata

published_in: in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000.

preferred: greenflower nipple cactus

Cactus barbatus

authorship: (Engelm.) Kuntze

Ebnerella barbata

authorship: (Engelm.) Buxb.

Mammillaria barbata

authorship: Engelm.

Mammillaria barbata var. garessii

authorship: (Cowper) Lodé

Mammillaria chavezei

authorship: Cowper

Mammillaria luthieniae

authorship: Laferr.

Neomammillaria barbata

authorship: (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 186 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
biznaga barbada
biznaga de flor verde

authors: (Engelm.) Doweld

published_in: Sukkulenty 3(1-2): 38

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol MABA9

license: public domain


slug: cochemiea-blossfeldiana

scientific: Cochemiea blossfeldiana

authorship: (Boed.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: blossfeldiana

Bartschella blossfeldiana

authorship: (Boed.) Doweld

Chilita blossfeldiana

authorship: (Boed.) Buxb.

Mammillaria blossfeldiana

authorship: Boed.

name: Mammillaria blossfeldiana var. blossfeldiana

name: Mammillaria blossfeldiana var. shurliana

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Wiggins

Mammillaria goodridgei f. shurliana

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Neutel.

name: Mammillaria goodridgei var. blossfeldiana

authorship: (Boed.) Neutel.

Mammillaria rectispina

authorship: (E.Y.Dawson) Repp.

Neomammillaria blossfeldiana

authorship: (Boed.) H.E.Gates

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Boed.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: cochemiea-capensis

scientific: Cochemiea capensis

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Doweld

epithet: capensis

published_in: in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000.

Chilita capensis

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Buxb.

Mammillaria capensis

authorship: (H.E.Gates) R.T.Craig

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

authors: (H.E.Gates) Doweld

published_in: Sukkulenty 3(1-2): 39


slug: cochemiea-conoidea

scientific: Cochemiea conoidea

authorship: (DC.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: conoidea

preferred: Orcutt's foxtail cactus

Cactus conoideus

authorship: (DC.) Kuntze

Cactus coronatus

authorship: (Scheidw.) Kuntze

Cactus echinocactoides

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Kuntze

Cactus grandiflorus

authorship: (Otto) Kuntze

Cactus scheeri

authorship: (Muehlenpf.) Kuntze

Coryphantha ceratites

authorship: (Quehl) A.Berger

Coryphantha conoidea

authorship: (DC.) Orcutt

Coryphantha grandiflora

authorship: (Otto) A.Berger

Coryphantha stuetzlei

authorship: Frič

Echinocactus conoideus

authorship: (DC.) Poselg.

Escobaria orcuttii

authorship: Rose ex Orcutt

Mammillaria ceratites

authorship: Quehl

Mammillaria conoidea

authorship: DC.

Mammillaria coronata

authorship: Scheidw.

Mammillaria diaphanacantha

authorship: Lem.

Mammillaria echinocactoides

authorship: Pfeiff.

Mammillaria grandiflora

authorship: Otto ex Pfeiff.

Mammillaria scheeri

authorship: Muehlenpf.

Neolloydia ceratites

authorship: (Quehl) Britton & Rose

Neolloydia conoidea

authorship: (DC.) Britton & Rose

Neolloydia conoidea var. ceratites

authorship: (Quehl) Kladiwa & Fittkau

Neolloydia conoidea var. grandiflora

authorship: (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Kladiwa & Fittkau

Neolloydia conoidea var. matehualensis

authorship: (Backeb.) Kladiwa & Fittkau

Neolloydia conoidea var. texensis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Kladiwa & Fittkau

Neolloydia grandiflora

authorship: (Otto) F.M.Knuth

Neolloydia grandiflora var. robusta

authorship: Říha

Neolloydia matehualensis

authorship: Backeb.

Neolloydia orcuttii

authorship: Rose ex Frič

Neolloydia stuetzlei

authorship: (Frič) Britton & Rose

Neolloydia stuetzleri

authorship: (Frič) Orcutt

Neolloydia texensis

authorship: Britton & Rose

Pediocactus conoideus

authorship: (DC.) Halda

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1178 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

authors: (DC.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ESOR


slug: cochemiea-dioica

scientific: Cochemiea dioica

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Doweld

epithet: dioica

preferred: Peninsular fishhook cactus

english:
Peninsular fishhook cactus
strawberry cactus

Chilita dioica

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Buxb.

Chilita fordii

authorship: Orcutt

Mammillaria dioica f. incerta

authorship: (Parish) Neutel.

Mammillaria dioica var. incerta

authorship: (Parish) Munz

Mammillaria goodrichii

authorship: Engelm.

Mammillaria incerta

authorship: Parish

Neomammillaria dioica

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2041 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Echinocereus reichenbachii

slug: echinocereus-reichenbachii

species: Mammillaria heyderi

slug: mammillaria-heyderi

names:
Coastal Fish Hook Cactus
Peninsular fishhook cactus

names: Маммиллярия двудомная

partners:
Apis mellifera
Augochlorella pomoniella
Chelinidea vittiger
Lasioglossum petrellum

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

partners:
Fraxinus
indet.
Substrate Undetermined

value: CAM

authors: (K.Brandegee) Doweld


slug: cochemiea-fraileana

scientific: Cochemiea fraileana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: fraileana

preferred: Fraile nipple cactus

Bartschella albicans subsp. fraileana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Doweld

Chilita fraileana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Orcutt

Ebnerella fraileana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Buxb.

Mammillaria albicans f. fraileana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Lüthy

Mammillaria albicans subsp. fraileana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt

Mammillaria fraileana

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Boed.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 337 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure


slug: cochemiea-grahamii

scientific: Cochemiea grahamii

authorship: (Engelm.) Doweld

epithet: grahamii

preferred: Graham's nipple cactus

Cactus grahamii

authorship: (Engelm.) Kuntze

Chilita gueldemanniana

authorship: (Backeb.) Buxb.

Chilita microcarpa

authorship: (Engelm.) Buxb.

Chilita oliviae

authorship: (Orcutt) Orcutt

Coryphantha grahamii

authorship: (Engelm.) Rydb.

Ebnerella oliviae

authorship: (Orcutt) Buxb.

Mammillaria grahamii var. arizonica

authorship: Quehl

Mammillaria grahamii var. oliviae

authorship: (Orcutt) L.D.Benson

Mammillaria gueldemanniana

authorship: Backeb.

Mammillaria microcarpa f. auricarpa

authorship: (W.T.Marshall) Neutel.

name: Mammillaria microcarpa f. gueldemanniana

authorship: (Backeb.) Neutel.

Mammillaria microcarpa f. oliviae

authorship: (Orcutt) Neutel.

Mammillaria microcarpa subsp. grahamii

authorship: (Engelm.) Mottram

Mammillaria microcarpa var. milleri

authorship: (Britton & Rose) W.T.Marshall

Mammillaria milleri f. multiancistra

authorship: De Morree

Mammillaria milleri var. grahamii

authorship: (Engelm.) Neutel.

Neomammillaria microcarpa

authorship: (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Neomammillaria milleri

authorship: Britton & Rose

Neomammillaria oliviae

authorship: (Orcutt) Britton & Rose

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2048 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: bisnaga-banana cactus

names: Маммилярия Грэма

label: Eaten by


slug: cochemiea-guelzowiana

scientific: Cochemiea guelzowiana

authorship: (Werderm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: guelzowiana

Bartschella guelzowiana

authorship: (Werderm.) Doweld

Krainzia guelzowiana

authorship: (Werderm.) Backeb.

Mammillaria guelzowiana

authorship: Werderm.

Phellosperma guelzowiana

authorship: (Werderm.) Buxb.

names:
Biznaga de Durango
Huevos de toro

names: bisnaga-de-durango cactus

authors: (Werderm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure


slug: cochemiea-hutchisoniana

scientific: Cochemiea hutchisoniana

authorship: (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: hutchisoniana

Bartschella hutchisoniana

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Doweld

name: Bartschella hutchisoniana subsp. louisae

authorship: (G.E.Linds.) Doweld

Chilita hutchisoniana

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Buxb.

name: Mammillaria goodridgei var. hutchisoniana

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Neutel.

Mammillaria goodridgei var. louisae

authorship: (G.E.Linds.) Neutel.

Mammillaria hutchisoniana

authorship: (H.E.Gates) Boed.

name: Mammillaria hutchisoniana subsp. hutchisoniana

name: Mammillaria hutchisoniana subsp. louisae

authorship: (G.E.Linds.) D.R.Hunt

Neomammillaria louisae

authorship: (G.E.Linds.) Y.Itô

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 323 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: bisnaga-de-umbigo cactus

authors: (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochemiea-maritima

scientific: Cochemiea maritima

epithet: maritima

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 8: 143. 1937.

Cochemiea pondii subsp. maritima

authorship: (G.E.Linds.) U.Guzmán

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 8: 144, figs


slug: cochemiea-mazatlanensis

scientific: Cochemiea mazatlanensis

authorship: (K.Schum.) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez

epithet: mazatlanensis

Chilita mazatlanensis

authorship: (K.Schum.) Orcutt

Chilita occidentalis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Orcutt

Ebnerella mazatlanensis

authorship: (K.Schum.) Buxb.

Ebnerella occidentalis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Buxb.

Escobariopsis mazatlanensis

authorship: (K.Schum.) Doweld

name: Escobariopsis mazatlanensis subsp. patonii

authorship: (Bravo) Doweld

Mammillaria mazatlanensis f. patonii

authorship: (Bravo) Neutel.

Mammillaria mazatlanensis f. sinalensis

authorship: (R.T.Craig) Neutel.

name: Mammillaria mazatlanensis subsp. mazatlanensis

name: Mammillaria mazatlanensis subsp. patonii

authorship: (Bravo) D.R.Hunt

name: Mammillaria mazatlanensis var. monocentra

authorship: Craig

name: Mammillaria mazatlanensis var. occidentalis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Neutel.

Mammillaria occidentalis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Boed.

Mammillaria occidentalis var. patonii

authorship: (Bravo) R.T.Craig

name: Mammillaria occidentalis var. sinalensis

Mammillaria patonii

authorship: (Bravo) Werderm.

Mammillaria patonii var. sinalensis

authorship: (R.T.Craig) Backeb.

Neomammillaria mazatlanensis

authorship: (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose

Neomammillaria occidentalis

authorship: Britton & Rose

Neomammillaria patonii

authorship: Bravo

Neomammillaria sinaloensis

authorship: Rose

codes: MXN MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (K.Schum.) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez

published_in: PhytoKeys 188: 128

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochemiea-palmeri

scientific: Cochemiea palmeri

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: palmeri

Bartschella palmeri

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Doweld

Chilita palmeri

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Orcutt

Mammillaria palmeri

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Jacobi

Neomammillaria neopalmeri

authorship: (R.T.Craig) Y.Itô

Neomammillaria palmeri

authorship: (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose

authors: (J.M.Coult.) P.B.Breslin & Majure


slug: cochemiea-phitauiana

scientific: Cochemiea phitauiana

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) Doweld

epithet: phitauiana

Chilita phitauiana

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) Buxb.

Chilita verhaertiana

authorship: (Boed.) Orcutt

Ebnerella verhaertiana

authorship: (Boed.) Buxb.

Mammillaria dioica f. phitauiana

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) Neutel.

Mammillaria dioica f. verhaertiana

authorship: (Boed.) Neutel.

Mammillaria phitauiana

authorship: (E.M.Baxter) Werderm.

Mammillaria verhaertiana

authorship: Boed.

Neomammillaria verhaertiana

authorship: (Boed.) Britton & Rose

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 209 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Pitayita Viejita

authors: (E.M.Baxter) Doweld

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochemiea-poselgeri

scientific: Cochemiea poselgeri

authorship: (Hildm.) Britton & Rose

epithet: poselgeri

preferred: Baja California cochemiea

Cochemiea roseana

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Walton

Mammillaria poselgeri

authorship: Hildm.

Mammillaria radliana

authorship: Quehl

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 544 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Biznaga de poselger
Biznaguita

authors: (Hildm.) Britton & Rose

published_in: Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) 4: 22


slug: cochemiea-schumannii

scientific: Cochemiea schumannii

authorship: (Hildm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: schumannii

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 238 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Viejito biznaga

authors: (Hildm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochemiea-sheldonii

scientific: Cochemiea sheldonii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Doweld

epithet: sheldonii

published_in: in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 165. 2001.

Chilita alamensis

authorship: (R.T.Craig) Buxb.

Chilita sheldonii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Orcutt

Ebnerella sheldonii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Buxb.

Mammillaria grahamii subsp. sheldonii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt

name: Mammillaria gueldemanniana var. guirocobensis

authorship: (R.T.Craig) Backeb.

Mammillaria marnieriana

authorship: Backeb.

Mammillaria microcarpa var. sheldonii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Neutel.

Mammillaria sheldonii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Boed.

Neomammillaria sheldonii

authorship: Britton & Rose

codes: ARI MXE MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 285 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Маммиллярия Шелдона

authors: (Britton & Rose) Doweld

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 165 (2001)


slug: cochemiea-tetrancistra

scientific: Cochemiea tetrancistra

authorship: (Engelm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

epithet: tetrancistra

preferred: common fishhook cactus

Bartschella tetrancistra

authorship: (Engelm.) Doweld

Cactus phellospermus

authorship: (Engelm.) Kuntze

Cactus tetrancistrus

authorship: (Engelm.) J.M.Coult.

Mammillaria phellosperma

authorship: Engelm.

Neomammillaria tetrancistra

authorship: (Engelm.) Fosberg

Phellosperma tetrancistra

authorship: (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Маммилярия четырёхкрючковая

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Engelm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol MATE4


slug: cochemiea-theresae

scientific: Cochemiea theresae

authorship: (Cutak) Doweld

epithet: theresae

Mammillaria saboae var. theresae

authorship: (Cutak) G.D.Rowley

Mammillaria theresae

authorship: Cutak

authors: (Cutak) Doweld

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: cochemiea-wrightii

scientific: Cochemiea wrightii

authorship: (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Doweld

epithet: wrightii

preferred: Wright's nipple cactus

Chilita wilcoxii

authorship: (Toumey ex K.Schum.) Orcutt

Chilita wrightii

authorship: (Engelm.) Orcutt

Ebnerella wilcoxii

authorship: (Toumey ex K.Schum.) Buxb.

Ebnerella wrightii

authorship: (Engelm.) Buxb.

Mammillaria meridiorosei

authorship: Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer.

Mammillaria wilcoxii

authorship: Toumey ex K.Schum.

Mammillaria wrightii subsp. wilcoxii

authorship: (Toumey ex K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt

Mammillaria wrightii var. wilcoxii

authorship: (Toumey ex K.Schum.) W.T.Marshall

Mammillaria wrightii var. wolfii

authorship: (D.R.Hunt) Repp.

Neomammillaria wilcoxii

authorship: (Toumey ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol MAWR2


slug: cochlearia-anglica

scientific: Cochlearia anglica

authorship: L.

genus: Cochlearia

epithet: anglica

family: Brassicaceae

Cochlearia batava

authorship: Dumort.

Cochlearia longifolia

authorship: Medik.

Cochlearia officinalis subsp. anglica

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Cochlearia officinalis var. anglica

authorship: Kurtz

Cochlearia ovalifolia

authorship: Stokes

Cochlearia stenocarpa

authorship: Rouy & Foucaud

Cochlearia wahlenbergii

authorship: Rupr.

codes: DEN FRA GER GRB IRE NET SWE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

region: Middle Europe

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Netherlands

code: NET

Sweden

code: SWE

lifeform: biennial or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
English Scurvygrass
Long-Leaved Scurvy-Grass

names: Ложечница английская

names:
Llwylys Lloegr
Llwylys Seisnig

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

label: Leaf retention

value: biennial

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun

value: capsule

label: Photosynthetic pathway

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochlearia-danica

scientific: Cochlearia danica

epithet: danica

preferred: early scurvygrass

Cochlearia hastata

authorship: Moench

Cochlearia hederacea

authorship: Gray

Cochlearia minima

authorship: Steud.

Cochlearia officinalis subsp. danica

authorship: (L.) Hook.f.

codes: BLT BGM DEN FIN FRA GER GRB IRE NET RUW NOR POR SPA SWE SWI

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Finland

code: FIN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1449 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
early scurvygrass
Danish Scurvygrass

names:
Dänisches Löffelkraut
Daenisches Loeffelkraut

names:
cochléaire danoise
Cranson du Danemark

names:
dansk skörbjuggsört
tanskankuirimo

names:
dansk skjørbuksurt
erics-gras

names:
Llwylys Denmarc
Llwylys Llychlyn

partners:
Andrena agilissima
Andrena distinguenda
Andrena florivaga
Andrena niveata
Andrena ranunculorum
Andrena suerinensis
Hylaeus alpinus
Hylaeus bifasciatus

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Brevicoryne brassicae
Ceutorhynchus ignitus
Eurydema oleracea
Liriomyza strigata
Phaedon armoraciae
Phaedon cochleariae
Phaedon concinnus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: therophyte


slug: cochlearia-groenlandica

scientific: Cochlearia groenlandica

epithet: groenlandica

preferred: Danish scurvygrass

english:
Danish scurvygrass
scurvygrass

Cochlearia arctica

authorship: Schltdl. ex DC.

Cochlearia arctica subsp. oblongifolia

authorship: (DC.) V.V.Petrovsky

Cochlearia fenestrata

authorship: R.Br. ex DC.

name: Cochlearia groenlandica subsp. islandica

authorship: (Pobed.) Á.Löve

Cochlearia islandica

authorship: Pobed.

Cochlearia lenensis

authorship: Adams ex Fisch.

Cochlearia oblongifolia

authorship: DC.

Cochlearia officinalis subsp. arctica

authorship: (Schltdl.) Hultén

name: Cochlearia officinalis subsp. groenlandica

authorship: (L.) A.E.Porsild

name: Cochlearia officinalis subsp. oblongifolia

authorship: (DC.) Hultén

authorship: (DC.) Nyman

Cochlearia officinalis var. arctica

authorship: (DC.) Gelert

name: Cochlearia officinalis var. groenlandica

authorship: (L.) Gelert

name: Cochlearia officinalis var. oblongifolia

Cochleariopsis groenlandica

authorship: (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

name: Cochleariopsis groenlandica subsp. arctica

authorship: (DC.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

name: Cochleariopsis groenlandica subsp. oblongifolia

Draba cochlearioides

authorship: Turcz. ex Besser

Eutrema rossii

authorship: Spreng.

codes: JAP KAM KHA KRA KUR MAG SAK WSB YAK FOR ICE RUN NOR SVA ASK ALU BRC CAL GNL LAB NFL NWT NUN ORE QUE WAS YUK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

region: Siberia

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Sakhalin

code: SAK

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Føroyar

code: FOR

Iceland

code: ICE

North European Russia

code: RUN

Svalbard

code: SVA

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Greenland

code: GNL

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 657 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ложечница гренладская
Ложечница гренландская

partners:
Bradysia
Clossiana chariclea
Nysius groenlandicus
Platycheirus lundbecki
Scathophaga furcata
Spilogona almqvistii
Spilogona denudata
Spilogona dorsata


slug: cochlearia-officinalis

scientific: Cochlearia officinalis

authorship: L.

epithet: officinalis

preferred: Common Scurvygrass

english:
Common Scurvygrass
spoonwort

Cochlearia alpina

authorship: Sweet

Cochlearia anglica var. integrifolia

authorship: Hartm.

Cochlearia flagrans

authorship: Gilib.

Cochlearia kamtschatica

authorship: Schlecht. ex DC.

Cochlearia linnaei

authorship: Griewank ex Asch.

Cochlearia officinalis var. gallicica

authorship: Pau

name: Cochlearia officinalis var. integrifolia

authorship: (Hartm.) Hyl.

Cochlearia officinalis var. maritima

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Cochlearia officinalis var. typica

authorship: G.Andersson & H.Hesselman

Cochlearia officinalis var. vidassiana

authorship: Rouy & Foucaud

Cochlearia polymorpha

authorship: Syme

Cochlearia renifolia

authorship: Stokes

Cochlearia rotundifolia

authorship: Gray

Cochlearia vulgaris

authorship: Bubani

Crucifera cochlearia var. officinalis

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

Draba cochlearioides

authorship: Langsd. ex DC.

codes: BLT BGM DEN FIN FRA FOR GER GRB IRE NET RUN NOR SWE

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belgium

code: BGM

Denmark

code: DEN

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Netherlands

code: NET

Norway

code: NOR

Sweden

code: SWE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 939 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Scurvygrass
spoonwort

names:
Coclearia
Hierba de Cucharas

names: 岩荠 辣根菜

names: cocleária cocleária-maior

names:
Echtes Löffelkraut
Echtes Loeffelkraut

names:
Cochléaire Officinale
Cranson Officinal

names:
Echt en Engels lepelblad
Echt Lepelblad

names: Skörbjuggsört Citronmålla

names:
lžičník lékařský
lži

names: Foder-spergel Konellike

names: rohtokuirimo ruijankuirimo

names: Finmarke-kaal cochleare

names:
llwylys cyffredin
Dail Ysgyrfi

names:
Greens saloot
skorbükskrüüs

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena afrensis
Andrena agilissima
Andrena distinguenda
Andrena florivaga
Andrena lagopus
Andrena niveata
Andrena ranunculorum
Andrena suerinensis

partners:
Lagopus muta
Plutella annulatella
Acanthis flammea
Brevicoryne brassicae
Ceutorhynchus cochleariae
Ceutorhynchus ignitus
Eurydema oleracea
Fulmarus glacialis


slug: cochlearia-pyrenaica

scientific: Cochlearia pyrenaica

authorship: DC.

epithet: pyrenaica

Cochlearia alpina

authorship: (Bab.) H.C.Watson

Cochlearia officinalis

authorship: Lapeyr.

Cochlearia officinalis subsp. pyrenaica

authorship: (DC.) Rouy & Foucaud

Cochlearia officinalis var. alpina

authorship: Bab.

Cochlearia officinalis var. pyrenaica

authorship: (DC.) Gren. & Godr.

Cochlearia pyrenaica subsp. alpina

authorship: (Bab.) Dalby

Cochlearia pyrenaica var. borzeana

authorship: Coman & Nyár

codes: AUT FRA GER GRB IRE ROM SPA SWI UKR

Austria

code: AUT

Romania

code: ROM

region: Southeastern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Alpine Scurvy-Grass
Pyranean Scurvygrass

names: Ложечница пиренейская

names:
Cochléaire des Pyrénées
Cranson des Pyrenees

names: Ложечниця польська

names:
Llwylys Pyreneaidd
Llwylys y Pyreneau

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Brevicoryne brassicae
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus

value: evergreen

value: variable

authors: DC.

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochlearia-tridactylites

scientific: Cochlearia tridactylites

authorship: Banks ex DC.

epithet: tridactylites

preferred: cochlearia

codes: LAB NFL NSC QUE

Labrador

code: LAB

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Québec

code: QUE

names:
cochlearia
Limestone Scurvy-grass

names:
cochléaire
cranson tridactyle

value: annual

authors: Banks ex DC.

published_in: Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 367


slug: cochliasanthus-caracalla

scientific: Cochliasanthus caracalla

authorship: (L.) Trew

genus: Cochliasanthus

epithet: caracalla

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Pl. Rar. Hort. Domest. 1: 41 (1764)

preferred: snailflower

Caracalla pulcherrima

authorship: Tod.

Phaseolus bertoni f. albus

authorship: Franceschi ex Bertoni

Phaseolus caracalla

authorship: L.

Phaseolus caracalla var. brachystachys

authorship: Hassl.

Phaseolus cochleatus

authorship: Vell.

Phaseolus cytisoides

authorship: Zoll. & Moritzi

Phaseolus indicus

authorship: Triumf. ex Cassone

Phaseolus longirostratus

authorship: Ducke

Vigna caracalla

authorship: (L.) Verdc.

codes: MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU NIC PAN PAR URU

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: climbing subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Corkscrew vine
Snail Bean

names:
Frijol caracol
Tulan waska

names: 蜗牛藤 蝸牛花

names: Caracala Caracallae

names: שעועית החילזון

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochlidium-serrulatum

scientific: Cochlidium serrulatum

authorship: (Sw.) L.E.Bishop

genus: Cochlidium

epithet: serrulatum

family: Polypodiaceae

preferred: toothed snailfern

Acrostichum serrulatum

authorship: Sw.

Asplenium serrulatum

authorship: (Sw.) Sw.

Gymnopteris serrulata

authorship: (Sw.) Bernh.

Micropteris orientalis

authorship: Desv.

Micropteris serrulata

authorship: (Sw.) Desv.

Polypodium duale

authorship: Maxon

Polypodium serrulatum

authorship: (Sw.) Mett.

Polypodium serrulatum var. wittigianum

authorship: Christ

Xiphopteris auyantepuiensis

authorship: Vareschi

Xiphopteris duale

authorship: (Maxon) Vareschi

Xiphopteris extensa

authorship: Fée

Xiphopteris orientalis

authorship: Fourn.

Xiphopteris serrulata

authorship: (Sw.) Kaulf.

codes: CMN ZAI EQG GAB GHA GUI GGI IVO LBR MDG MAU RWA REU SEY SIE ZIM ASP MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SUR VEN VNA WIN

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

region: West Tropical Africa

Guinea

code: GUI

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Liberia

code: LBR

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Mauritius

code: MAU

Rwanda

code: RWA

Réunion

code: REU

Seychelles

code: SEY

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

region: South Tropical Africa

Amsterdam-St.Paul Is.

code: ASP

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cochliostema-odoratissimum

scientific: Cochliostema odoratissimum

authorship: Lem.

genus: Cochliostema

epithet: odoratissimum

family: Commelinaceae

Cochliostema jacobianum

authorship: K.Koch & Linden

Cochliostema jacobianum var. variegatum

authorship: Van Geert

Cochliostema odoratum

authorship: K.Koch & Bouche

codes: CLM COS ECU NIC PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 100 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: chamaephyte

authors: Lem.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cochlospermum-fraseri

scientific: Cochlospermum fraseri

authorship: Planch.

genus: Cochlospermum

epithet: fraseri

family: Bixaceae

Cochlospermum heteroneurum

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

Maximilianea fraseri

authorship: (Planch.) Kuntze

Maximilianea heteroneura

authorship: (F.Muell.) Kuntze

codes: NTA QLD WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 331 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Yellow Kapok
kapokbush

value: tree

value: woody

value: 6 m

value: deciduous

value: perennial

authors: Planch.

published_in: London J. Bot. 6: 307

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cochlospermum-gillivraei

scientific: Cochlospermum gillivraei

authorship: Benth.

epithet: gillivraei

Maximilianea gillivraei

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

codes: NWG NTA QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 366 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Yellow Kapok
cottontree

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 5 m

authors: Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 1: 106

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cochlospermum-malvifolium

scientific: Cochlospermum malvifolium

authorship: (A.Gray) Byng & Christenh.

epithet: malvifolium

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

lifeform: perennial

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (A.Gray) Byng & Christenh.

published_in: Global Fl. 4: 138

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: cochlospermum-palmatifidum

scientific: Cochlospermum palmatifidum

authorship: (DC.) Byng & Christenh.

epithet: palmatifidum

preferred: Mexican yellowshow

Amoreuxia colombiana

authorship: Sprague

Amoreuxia palmatifida

authorship: DC.

Amoreuxia schiedeana

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Planch.

Euryanthe schiedeana

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 223 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: (DC.) Byng & Christenh.

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.