slug: sparganium-emersum

scientific: Sparganium emersum

authorship: Rehmann

epithet: emersum

published_in: Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn  10: 80 (1871 publ. 1872)

preferred: European bur-reed

english:
European bur-reed
Unbranched Bur-reed
unbranched bur-reed

Sparganium acaule

authorship: (Beeby ex Macoun) Rydb.

Sparganium angustifolium subsp. emersum

authorship: (Rehmann) Brayshaw

name: Sparganium angustifolium var. chlorocarpum

authorship: (Rydb.) Brayshaw

name: Sparganium angustifolium var. multipedunculatum

authorship: (Morong) Brayshaw

Sparganium chlorocarpum

authorship: Rydb.

Sparganium chlorocarpum f. acaule

authorship: (Beeby ex Macoun) E.G.Voss

Sparganium chlorocarpum var. acaule

authorship: (Beeby ex Macoun) Fernald

Sparganium diversifolium prol. nanum

authorship: Graebn.

Sparganium diversifolium var. acaule

authorship: (Beeby ex Macoun) Fernald & Eames

Sparganium emersum f. angustifolium

authorship: (Morong) Soó

Sparganium emersum f. gracile

authorship: (Meinsh.) Soó

Sparganium emersum f. submersum

authorship: (Glück) Soó

Sparganium emersum subsp. acaule

authorship: (Beeby ex Macoun) C.D.K.Cook & M.S.Nicholls

Sparganium emersum subsp. simplex

authorship: (Huds.) Soó

Sparganium emersum var. acaule

authorship: (Beeby) A.Haines

Sparganium emersum var. beckmannii

authorship: A.V.Grebenjuk & Czepinoga

name: Sparganium emersum var. multipedunculatum

authorship: (Morong) Reveal

Sparganium emersum var. simile

authorship: (Meinsh.) Graebn.

Sparganium gracile

authorship: Meinsh.

Sparganium longissimum

authorship: (Fr.) Fritsch

Sparganium multipedunculatum

authorship: (Morong) Rydb.

Sparganium simplex

authorship: Huds.

Sparganium simplex f. longissimum

authorship: (Fr.) Lindm.

Sparganium simplex subsp. emersum

authorship: (Rehmann) K.Richt.

Sparganium simplex subsp. fluitans

authorship: Godr. & Gren.

Sparganium simplex var. acaule

authorship: Beeby

Sparganium simplex var. angustifolium

authorship: Morong

Sparganium simplex var. emersum

authorship: (Rehmann) Nyman

Sparganium simplex var. fluitans

authorship: Engelm.

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Sparganium simplex var. longissimum

authorship: (Fr.) Graebn.

name: Sparganium simplex var. multipedunculatum

Sparganium simplex var. natans

authorship: Glück

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRN IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KRA CHM MON NCS PRM SAK TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX YAK ASS EHM MYA WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL CNT IDA ILL INI IOW LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE SAS SDA UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: إسبارغانيون مكشوط

names: Ежеголовник всплывающий

names:
Їжача голівка зринувша
Їжача голівка проста

partners:
Donacia subtilis
Anas crecca
Aythya collaris
Aythya fuligula
Cygnus buccinator
Cyprinus carpio
Donacia aquatica
Donacia bicolora


slug: sparganium-erectum

scientific: Sparganium erectum

authorship: L.

genus: Sparganium

epithet: erectum

family: Typhaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Branched Bur-reed

english:
Branched Bur-reed
branched bur-reed
simple-stem bur-reed
simplestem bur-reed

source: wikidata

Sparganium aschersonianum

authorship: Hausskn.

Sparganium barrerae

authorship: Sennen

Sparganium dolichocarpum

authorship: (Graebn.) G.H.Loos

Sparganium englerianum

authorship: Graebn.

Sparganium erectum subsp. microcarpum

authorship: (Neuman) Hyl.

authorship: (Neuman) Hayek

Sparganium erectum subsp. neglectum

authorship: Schinz & Thell.

Sparganium erectum subsp. polyedrum

authorship: (Graebn.) Schinz & Thell.

Sparganium erectum var. angustifolium

authorship: Warnst.

Sparganium erectum var. neglectum

authorship: (Beeby) K.Richt.

Sparganium erectum var. oocarpum

authorship: (Čelak.) Hayek

Sparganium microcarpum

authorship: (Neuman) Raunk.

authorship: (Neuman) Čelak.

Sparganium neglectum subsp. microcarpum

authorship: (Neuman) Holub

Sparganium neglectum subsp. oocarpum

authorship: (Čelak.) Ostenf.

Sparganium neglectum var. oocarpum

authorship: Čelak.

Sparganium neglectum var. subsimplex

authorship: Merino

Sparganium oocarpum

authorship: (Čelak.) Fritsch

Sparganium polyedrum

authorship: (Graebn.) Juz.

Sparganium ramosum

authorship: Curtis

Sparganium ramosum f. microcarpum

authorship: Neuman

Sparganium ramosum f. simplicior

authorship: Rothert

Sparganium ramosum prol. oocarpum

authorship: (Čelak.) Graebn.

Sparganium ramosum subsp. microcarpum

authorship: (Neuman) Lindm.

Sparganium ramosum subsp. neglectum

authorship: Neum.

authorship: (Beeby) Neuman

Sparganium ramosum subsp. polyedrum

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

name: Sparganium ramosum subvar. angustifolium

authorship: (Warnst.) Graebn.

Sparganium ramosum var. angustifolium

authorship: (Warnst.) Rouy

Sparganium ramosum var. dolichocarpum

authorship: (Graebn.) Graebn.

Sparganium rectum

authorship: Neck.

Sparganium roblesdesgani

authorship: Sennen & Gonzalo

Sparganium tardivum

authorship: Topa

Sparganium viciosorum

authorship: Pau

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN ALT EAI IRN IRQ IRK KAZ KGZ KRA LBS NCS PAL TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB YAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Altay

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1957 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: إسبارغانيون قائم

names: Ежеголовник прямой

names:
Ästiger Igelkolben
Aufrechter Igelkolben

names: Їжача голівка пряма

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Anas platyrhynchos
Anthomyza collini
Aythya fuligula
Donacia aquatica
Donacia bicolora
Donacia marginata
Donacia simplex
Globia sparganii

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

quote: These bur-reed species are native, herbaceous marsh or pond plants with rootstocks.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: sparganium-eurycarpum

scientific: Sparganium eurycarpum

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: eurycarpum

preferred: big bur-reed

english:
big bur-reed
broadfruit bur-reed
great bur-reed

Sparganium californicum

authorship: Greene

Sparganium erectum subsp. stoloniferum

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex Graebn.) C.D.K.Cook & M.S.Nicholls

Sparganium erectum var. macrocarpum

authorship: (Makino) H.Hara

Sparganium macrocarpum

authorship: Makino

Sparganium stoloniferum var. coreanum

authorship: (H.Lév.) H.Hara

name: Sparganium stoloniferum var. macrocarpum

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: AMU JAP KOR KUR CHM PRM SAK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL CNT DEL IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MXC MXN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NDA NWT NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SDA UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Japan

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Alberta

code: ABT

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Michigan

code: MIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ежеголовник широкоплодный

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Parhelophilus laetus

partners:
Anas platyrhynchos
Antigone canadensis
Donacia subtilis
Fulica americana

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: sparganium-fallax

scientific: Sparganium fallax

authorship: Graebn.

epithet: fallax

Sparganium yamatense

authorship: Matsum. ex Makino

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR TAI ASS EHM MYA NWG SUM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Sumatera

code: SUM

region: Malesia

lifeform: helophyte

climate: temperate

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names: 曲轴黑三棱 東亞黑三稜

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: helophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Graebn.

published_in: Pflanzenr. Sparganiac. 15

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: sparganium-fluctuans

scientific: Sparganium fluctuans

authorship: (Engelm.) B.L.Rob.

epithet: fluctuans

preferred: floating bur-reed

Sparganium androcladum var. fluctuans

authorship: (Engelm.) Morong

codes: ABT BRC CNT IDA LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NSC ONT PEN PEI QUE SAS VER WAS WIS

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Connecticut

code: CNT

Idaho

code: IDA

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Vermont

code: VER

Washington

code: WAS

Wisconsin

code: WIS

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 211 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
floating bur-reed
floating burreed

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sparganium-glomeratum

scientific: Sparganium glomeratum

authorship: (Laest. ex Beurl.) Beurl.

epithet: glomeratum

published_in: Arsberätt. Bot. Arbeten Upptäckter  1852/53: 221 (1857)

preferred: clustered bur-reed

Sparganium erectum var. glomeratum

authorship: Laest. ex Beurl.

Sparganium glehnii

authorship: Meinsh.

Sparganium glomeratum

authorship: (Laest.) Neuman

name: Sparganium glomeratum var. angustifolium

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHC CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON PRM SAK TVA WSB CHX YAK BLT BLR RUC RUE FIN RUN RUW NOR SWE ABT BRC LAB MIN ONT QUE SAS WIS

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China South-Central

code: CHC

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Baltic States

code: BLT

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ежеголовник скученный

published_in: Årsberätt. Bot. Arbeten Upptäckter 1852/53: 221

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sparganium-hyperboreum

scientific: Sparganium hyperboreum

epithet: hyperboreum

published_in: Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh.  9: 192 (1852)

preferred: northern bur-reed

Sparganium affine var. zosterifolium

authorship: Neuman

name: Sparganium hyperboreum var. platyphyllum

Sparganium natans var. submuticum

authorship: Hartm.

Sparganium submuticum

authorship: (Hartm.) Neuman

Sparganium williamsii

authorship: Rydb.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM PRM SAK TVA WSB YAK FIN ICE ITA RUN NOR SWE ASK ABT ALU BRC GNL LAB NFL NWT NSC NUN ONT PEI QUE YUK

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Iceland

code: ICE

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Norway

code: NOR

Sweden

code: SWE

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ежеголовник гиперборейский
Ежеголовник северный

published_in: Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 9(8) 192

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sparganium-natans

scientific: Sparganium natans

authorship: L.

epithet: natans

preferred: Least Bur-reed

english:
Least Bur-reed
least bur-reed
small bur-reed

Platanaria natans

authorship: (L.) Gray

Sparganium axilare

authorship: Raf.

Sparganium gramineum

authorship: Wallr.

Sparganium minimum subvar. ratis

authorship: (Meinsh.) Graebn.

Sparganium minimum subvar. rostratum

authorship: Larss.

name: Sparganium minimum subvar. septentrionale

Sparganium minimum var. rostratum

authorship: (Larss.) Lindm.

Sparganium tenuicaule

authorship: D.Yu & L.H.Liu

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHC CTA CHI IRN IRK KAM KAZ KHA KRA CHM MON PRM TCS TVA TUR WSB YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT BRC CAL COL CNT IDA ILL INI LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWY NFL NWT NSC NUN ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS UTA VER WAS WIS WYO YUK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 394 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Їжача голівка плаваюча

partners:
Plateumaris discolor
Anas crecca
Aythya collaris
Cygnus buccinator
Donacia aquatica
Donacia bicolora
Donacia cinerea
Donacia marginata

quote: herbaceous marsh or pond plants with rootstocks

quote: The leaves are alternate, stiff and erect or limp and floating, linear, and internally septate

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sparganium-subglobosum

scientific: Sparganium subglobosum

authorship: Morong

epithet: subglobosum

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  15: 81 (1888)

preferred: Burr-reed

english:
Burr-reed
Floating Burr Reed

Sparganium affine

authorship: Schnitzl

name: Sparganium angustifolium var. latifolium

authorship: Benth.

Sparganium antipodum

authorship: Graebn.

Sparganium nipponicam

authorship: Makino

Sparganium stenophyllum

authorship: Maxim. ex Meinsh.

codes: AMU CHN CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM NNS PRM ASS MYA NWG VIE NSW NZN NZS QLD VIC

China North-Central

code: CHN

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

New Guinea

code: NWG

Vietnam

code: VIE

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

New Zealand North

code: NZN

region: New Zealand

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Burr-reed
Floating Burr Reed

names: 三棱 黄三七

names: Ежеголовник почти-шаровидный

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

published_in: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 15

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sparrmannia-africana

scientific: Sparrmannia africana

genus: Sparrmannia

epithet: africana

family: Malvaceae

preferred: African Hemp

english:
African Hemp
African Linden
Cape hemp
Stock Rose

Sparrmannia acerifolia

authorship: Steud.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 402 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African Hemp
African Linden

names:
Tilo de tiesto
tilo africano

names: Спарманния африканская

names:
Kapländische Zimmerlinde
Zimmerlinde

names: Huonelehmus valkokipinäsilmä

names:
Kaapse stokroos
stokroos

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Borogonalia wilsoni
Neptis hylas

value: shrub

value: woody

value: 7 m

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 265

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: sparrmannia-ricinocarpa

scientific: Sparrmannia ricinocarpa

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze

epithet: ricinocarpa

Sparrmannia abyssinica

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Sparrmannia abyssinica var. concolor

authorship: Chiov.

Sparrmannia abyssinica var. fischeri

authorship: Engl.

Sparrmannia abyssinica var. hirsuta

authorship: Oliv.

Sparrmannia abyssinica var. micrantha

authorship: Burret

Sparrmannia discolor var. subpalmata

authorship: (Baker) Weim.

Sparrmannia macrocarpa

authorship: Ulbr.

Sparrmannia palmata

authorship: E.Mey. ex C.Presl

name: Sparrmannia ricinocarpa subsp. abyssinica

authorship: (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Weim.

Sparrmannia ricinocarpa subsp. hirsuta

authorship: (Oliv.) Weim.

name: Sparrmannia ricinocarpa subsp. micrantha

authorship: (Burret) Weim.

Sparrmannia ricinocarpa var. fischeri

authorship: (Engl.) Weim.

Sparrmannia subpalmata

authorship: Baker

Sparrmannia wittei

authorship: Staner

Urena ricinocarpa

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

codes: ANG BUR CMN CPP ZAI ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT LES MDG MLW MOZ TVL RWA SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Climbing African Hemp
Climbing Stockrose


slug: spartium-junceum

scientific: Spartium junceum

authorship: L.

genus: Spartium

epithet: junceum

family: Fabaceae

preferred: Spanish Broom

english:
Spanish Broom
Spanish broom

source: inat

Cytisus junceus

authorship: (L.) Vuk.

Genista acutifolia

authorship: Spach

Genista hispanica

authorship: Garsault

Genista juncea

authorship: (L.) Scop.

Genista odorata

authorship: Moench

Spartianthus americanus

authorship: Steud.

Spartianthus junceus

authorship: Link

Spartium acutifolium

authorship: Lindl.

Spartium americanum

authorship: Meyen

Spartium japonicum

authorship: Miq.

Spartium junceum f. ochroleucum

authorship: (Sprenger) Rehder

Spartium junceum f. plenum

authorship: (Weston) Rehder

Spartium junceum unranked ochroleucum

authorship: Sprenger

Spartium junceum var. flore-pleno

authorship: Carrière

Spartium junceum var. plenum

authorship: Weston

Spartium odoratissimum

authorship: D.Don ex Steud.

Spartium odoratum

authorship: Dulac

codes: AZO EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2019 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Cytisine

activities: Antiinflammatory Hallucinogenic Molluscicide Nematistat Pesticide Pressor Psychoactive Respirastimulant

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Chrysin

activities: AntiHIV AntiMDR Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiangiogenic Antibacillary Antibacterial

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Genistein

activities:
Abortifacient
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor
Antiaggregant
Antiangiogenic
Antiatherosclerotic
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticarcinomic (Breast)

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Sparteine

activities: Abortifacient Antiarrhythmic Antiganglionic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antiperoxidant Antitachycardic Bradycardic

Anagyrine

activities: AntiRSV Antiarrhythmic Antiedemic Antiviral Cardiotonic Cathartic Diuretic Nematistat

Lupeol

activities: AntiEBV Antiangiogenic Antiedemic Antiflu Antihyperglycemic Antiinflammatory Antilithic Antimalarial

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Beta-amyrin

activities: Analgesic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiulcer Gastroprotective Hepatoprotective Larvicide

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antidermatic Antiherpetic Antiinflammatory Antiviral Pesticide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Spanish broom
Spanish-broom

names: canarios gayomba

names: 鹰爪豆 鹰爪

names:
مكنسة إسبانية
مكنست ويفر

names: giesta giesta-de-flor

names:
Метельник
Метельник прутьевидный

names:
Іспанський дрок мітлистий
Віничник прутоподібний

names: אחירותם החורש

names:
Κοινό Σπάρτο
Σπάρτιον το βουρλοειδές

partners:
Allograpta
Andrena intermedia
Andrena labialis
Andrena similis
Andrena wilkella
Anthidium loti
Anthophora aestivalis
Apis mellifera

partners:
Idarnes barbigera
Megachile sicula
Oedemera
Oxythyrea cinctella
Oxythyrea funesta
Xylocopa violacea
Allograpta
Andrena intermedia

partners:
Aphis cytisorum
Attagenus trifasciatus
Camponotus cruentatus
Oedemera atrata
Regiscolia bidens
Uresiphita gilvata

partners:
Agalmatium bilobum
Agrilus cinctus
Aphis cytisorum
Apopestes spectrum
Cryptocephalus moraei
Gargara genistae
Glaucopsyche alexis
Grapholita lathyrana

partners:
Aphis cytisorum sarothamni
Erysiphe rayssiae
Eurytoma oophaga
Macromesus mediterraneus
Wichmannia decorata

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: spatalla-argentea

scientific: Spatalla argentea

authorship: Rourke

genus: Spatalla

epithet: argentea

family: Proteaceae

published_in: J. S. African Bot., Suppl. 7: 74 (1969)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

climate: subtropical

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
Silver Spoon
Silver-leaf Spoon

authors: Rourke

published_in: J. S. African Bot. Suppl. 7: 74

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: spatalla-barbigera

scientific: Spatalla barbigera

authorship: Knight

epithet: barbigera

Protea polystachia

authorship: Poir.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Bearded Spatalla
Fine Spoon

value: subshrub

authors: Knight

published_in: Cult. Prot. 76

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spatalla-caudata

scientific: Spatalla caudata

epithet: caudata

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 150 (1810)

Protea brevifolia

authorship: (R.Br.) Poir.

Protea caudata

authorship: Thunb.

Spatallopsis ericifolia

authorship: (Knight) E.Phillips

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cederberg spoon
Heath-Leaf Spatalla

value: 1 m

authors: (Thunb.) R.Br.

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10(1): 150


slug: spatalla-confusa

scientific: Spatalla confusa

authorship: (E.Phillips) Rourke

epithet: confusa

published_in: J. S. African Bot., Suppl. 7: 65 (1969)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 162 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Alpine Spoon
Creeping Spoon

names: Slangkoppie wolbos

authors: (E.Phillips) Rourke

published_in: J. S. African Bot. Suppl. 7: 65


slug: spatalla-curvifolia

scientific: Spatalla curvifolia

epithet: curvifolia

Spatalla abietina

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 548 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Curve-Leaf Spatalla
White Spoon

published_in: Cult. Prot. 77

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spatalla-ericoides

scientific: Spatalla ericoides

epithet: ericoides

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 334 (1910)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Erica-leaf Spoon
Ericaleaf Spoon

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910(9): 334


slug: spatalla-incurva

scientific: Spatalla incurva

authorship: (Thunb.) R.Br.

epithet: incurva

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 149 (1810)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Dwarf Spatalla
Swan-head Spoon

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10(1): 149


slug: spatalla-longifolia

scientific: Spatalla longifolia

epithet: longifolia

names:
Long-Leaf Spatalla
Pink Spoon


slug: spatalla-mollis

scientific: Spatalla mollis

epithet: mollis

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 144 (1810)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10(1): 144

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spatalla-nubicola

scientific: Spatalla nubicola

epithet: nubicola

published_in: J. S. African Bot., Suppl. 7: 86 (1969)

published_in: J. S. African Bot. Suppl. 7: 86

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: spatalla-parilis

scientific: Spatalla parilis

epithet: parilis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 176 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Matched Spatalla
Spike Spoon

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

published_in: Cult. Prot. 75

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spatalla-prolifera

scientific: Spatalla prolifera

authorship: (Thunb.) Knight

epithet: prolifera

names:
Palmiet Spoon
Proliferous Spatalla

published_in: Cult. Prot. 75. 1809; R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. (1810) 147

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: spatalla-propinqua

scientific: Spatalla propinqua

epithet: propinqua

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lax Spoon
Lax Triplespoon

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spatalla-racemosa

scientific: Spatalla racemosa

authorship: (L.) Druce

epithet: racemosa

published_in: Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 424 (1913 publ. 1914)

Leucadendron racemosum

authorship: L.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 418 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lax Spoon
Lax Unispoon

authors: Druce

published_in: Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles Rep. 3(5): 424


slug: spatalla-setacea

scientific: Spatalla setacea

authorship: (R.Br.) Rourke.

epithet: setacea

published_in: J. S. African Bot., Suppl. 7: 83 (1969)

Soranthe setacea

authorship: Kuntze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Needle Spoon
Needle-leaf Spoon

authors: (R.Br.) Rourke.

published_in: J. S. African Bot. Suppl. 7: 83


slug: spatalla-squamata

scientific: Spatalla squamata

authorship: Meisn.

epithet: squamata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Red-Shell Spoon
Silky Spoon

authors: Meisn.


slug: spathacanthus-hahnianus

scientific: Spathacanthus hahnianus

authorship: Baill.

genus: Spathacanthus

epithet: hahnianus

family: Acanthaceae

Ruellia macrocarpa

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Spathacanthus donnell-smithianus

authorship: Lindau

authorship: Lindau ex Donn.Sm.

Spathacanthus simplicifolius

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Leonard

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Lindau ex Bureau & K.Schum.

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

Honduras

code: HON

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: wet tropical

authors: Baill.

published_in: Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 10: 444

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: spathantheum-orbignyanum

scientific: Spathantheum orbignyanum

authorship: Schott

genus: Spathantheum

epithet: orbignyanum

family: Araceae

published_in: Bonplandia (Hannover)  7: 165 (1859)

Gamochlamys heterandra

authorship: Baker

Spathantheum fallax

authorship: Hett., Ibisch & E.G.Gonç.

Spathantheum heterandrum

authorship: (Baker) N.E.Br.

codes: AGW BOL PER

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

value: geophyte

authors: Schott

published_in: Bonplandia 7: 165

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spathanthus-bicolor

scientific: Spathanthus bicolor

authorship: Ducke

genus: Spathanthus

epithet: bicolor

family: Rapateaceae

published_in: Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 28 (1935)

codes: BZN CLM VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Colombia

code: CLM

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: perennial

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Ducke

published_in: Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2(1): 28

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spathicarpa-hastifolia

scientific: Spathicarpa hastifolia

authorship: Hook.

genus: Spathicarpa

epithet: hastifolia

Aropsis palustris

authorship: Rojas

name: Spathicarpa sagittifolia var. platyspatha

authorship: (Schott) Engl.

Spathicarpa sagittifolia var. typica

authorship: Engl.

codes: AGE BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hook.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spathiphyllum-cochlearispathum

scientific: Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum

authorship: (Liebm.) Engl.

genus: Spathiphyllum

epithet: cochlearispathum

Hydnostachyon cochlearispathum

authorship: Liebm.

Massowia heliconiifolia

authorship: (Schott) K.Koch

name: Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum var. longirostre

Spathiphyllum lacustre

authorship: Lundell

Spathiphyllum lanceolatum

authorship: (K.Koch) K.Koch

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

names:
Chile de gato
Hoja de miel

authors: Engl.

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 2: 221


slug: spathiphyllum-friedrichsthalii

scientific: Spathiphyllum friedrichsthalii

epithet: friedrichsthalii

name: Spathiphyllum friedrichsthalii var. angustifolium

name: Spathiphyllum friedrichsthalii var. brevifolium

name: Spathiphyllum friedrichsthalii var. latifolium

codes: MXT CLM COS HON NIC PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

names:
Bandera blanca
Bushná

published_in: Aroideae 1: 2, t. 4

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spathiphyllum-wallisii

scientific: Spathiphyllum wallisii

authorship: Regel

epithet: wallisii

preferred: Peace Lily

english:
Peace Lily
peace lily

codes: CLM VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 302 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cuna de Moisés
Cuna sudamericana de Moisés

names: 弯穗苞叶芋 白鶴芋

names: Спатифиллюм Уоллиса

names:
Lis de la paix
Spathiphylle de Wallis

names: Спатифілум звичайний

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Apis cerana
Eupanacra splendens

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

authors: Regel

published_in: Gartenflora (1877) 323. t. 920; et in Act. Hort. Petrop. v. (1877) 640

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spathodea-campanulata

scientific: Spathodea campanulata

genus: Spathodea

epithet: campanulata

family: Bignoniaceae

preferred: African tulip tree

english:
African tulip tree
African Tuliptree
African tuliptree
Nandi Flame

Bignonia tulipifera

authorship: Schum.

authorship: Thonn.

Spathodea danckelmaniana

authorship: Büttner

Spathodea nilotica

authorship: Seem.

Spathodea nilotica f. bryanii

authorship: O.Deg. & I.Deg.

Spathodea tulipifera

authorship: (Schum.) G.Don

codes: ANG BEN BUR CMN CAF CON ZAI ETH GAB GAM GUI GNB GGI IVO LBR NGA RWA SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Liberia

code: LBR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Rwanda

code: RWA

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Togo

code: TOG

Uganda

code: UGA

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2078 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African tuliptree
Nandi Flame

names: Amapola Galeana

names: 火焰木 火焰树

names: شجرة التوليب الأفريقية

names: Tulipeira-africana bisnagueira

names:
Спатодея
Спатодея колокольчатая

names:
Tulipier du Gabon
Tulipier du Gabon, Pisse-pisse

names:
आफ्रिकन ट्युलीप ट्री
पिचकारी

names:
Afrikanskt tulpanträd
afrikansk tulpanträd

names: מתחלית פעמונית

partners:
Anthracothorax nigricollis
Chionomesa lactea
Chlorostilbon lucidus
Eupetomena macroura
Florisuga fusca
Heliomaster squamosus
Hylocharis chrysura
Micropteropus pusillus

partners:
Acytolepis puspa
Anthracothorax nigricollis
Apis mellifera
Cacicus melanicterus
Campylorhynchus chiapensis
Chalcomitra senegalensis
Chionomesa lactea
Chlorostilbon lucidus

partners:
Acridotheres tristis
Aratinga canicularis
Cacicus melanicterus
Chiroptera
Corvus jamaicensis
Epomophorus pusillus
Epomops buettikoferi
Glossophaga soricina

partners:
Homalodisca vitripennis
Phyllonycteris poeyi
Acherontia styx
Amazona albifrons
Andriasa contraria
Anthracothorax dominicus aurulentus
Apis cerana
Cacatua tenuirostris

partners:
Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi
Encarsia brasiliensis


slug: spathoglottis-eburnea

scientific: Spathoglottis eburnea

authorship: Gagnep.

genus: Spathoglottis

epithet: eburnea

family: Orchidaceae

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 3: 685 (1931)

codes: CBD LAO THA VIE

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Laos

code: LAO

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: pseudobulbous geophyte

authors: Gagnep.

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 3: 685

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: spathoglottis-micronesiaca

scientific: Spathoglottis micronesiaca

authorship: Schltr.

epithet: micronesiaca

preferred: Micronesian ground orchid

source: usda

codes: CRL MRN

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

Marianas

code: MRN

authors: Schltr.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52(1-2): 9

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SPMI16

license: public domain


slug: spathoglottis-pacifica

scientific: Spathoglottis pacifica

epithet: pacifica

preferred: Orchid

source: wikidata

codes: SOL FIJ TON VAN WAL

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

region: Papuasia

Fiji

code: FIJ

region: Southwestern Pacific

Tonga

code: TON

Vanuatu

code: VAN

Wallis-Futuna Is.

code: WAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Orchid
Ground Orchid

published_in: Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 300


slug: spathoglottis-plicata

scientific: Spathoglottis plicata

authorship: Blume

epithet: plicata

preferred: Philippine ground orchid

Bletia angustifolia

authorship: Gaudich.

Paxtonia rosea

authorship: Lindl.

Spathoglottis angustifolia

authorship: (Gaudich.) Benth. & Hook.f.

Spathoglottis daenikeri

authorship: Kraenzl.

Spathoglottis lilacina

authorship: Griff.

Spathoglottis papuana var. puberiflora

authorship: R.S.Rogers & C.T.White

Spathoglottis plicata f. alba

authorship: (Ridl.) N.H.Tuan & O.Gruss

authorship: N.H.Tuan & O.Gruss

Spathoglottis plicata var. alba

authorship: Ridl.

Spathoglottis rosea

authorship: (Lindl.) G.Nicholson

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: NNS TAI AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE QLD CRL COO FIJ MRN NWC NUE SAM SCZ TON VAN WAL

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1933 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ফিলিপাইন ভুঁই অর্কিড


slug: spathoglottis-pubescens

scientific: Spathoglottis pubescens

epithet: pubescens

Epipactis graminifolia

authorship: Roxb.

Pogonia graminifolia

authorship: (Roxb.) Voigt

Spathoglottis plicata var. pubescens

authorship: (Lindl.) M.Hiroe

Spathoglottis pubescens var. parvifolia

authorship: (Lindl.) Hook.f.

codes: CHC CHS ASS BAN CBD EHM LAO MYA NCB THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Assam

code: ASS

Cambodia

code: CBD

Laos

code: LAO

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 161 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 苞舌兰 黄花独蒜

names: เอื้องนวลจันทร์

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Numer. List n. 3744


slug: spatholobus-parviflorus

scientific: Spatholobus parviflorus

authorship: (Roxb. ex G.Don) Kuntze

genus: Spatholobus

epithet: parviflorus

Butea parviflora

authorship: Roxb. ex G.Don

Butea sericophylla

authorship: Wall.

Flemingia hallaya

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Spatholobus roxburghii

authorship: Benth.

Spatholobus roxburghii var. denudatus

authorship: Baker

codes: CHC ASS BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP SRL THA VIE WHM

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: climbing shrub

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

value: liana

authors: (Roxb. ex DC.) Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 205


slug: specklinia-calyptrostele

scientific: Specklinia calyptrostele

authorship: (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

genus: Specklinia

epithet: calyptrostele

Pleurothallis biflora

authorship: Schltr.

Pleurothallis geminiflora

authorship: Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.

Specklinia geminiflora

authorship: (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: epiphyte

authors: (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

published_in: Lindleyana 16(4): 257

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: specklinia-colombiana

scientific: Specklinia colombiana

authorship: (Garay) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

epithet: colombiana

Acostaea colombiana

authorship: Garay

name: Acostaea costaricensis subsp. colombiana

authorship: (Garay) Luer

Specklinia mirifica

authorship: Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

codes: CLM COS ECU PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

authors: (Garay) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase


slug: specklinia-costaricensis

scientific: Specklinia costaricensis

authorship: (Rolfe) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

epithet: costaricensis

Pleurothallis costaricensis

authorship: Rolfe

authors: (Rolfe) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase


slug: specklinia-digitale

scientific: Specklinia digitale

authorship: (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

epithet: digitale

Pleurothallis digitale

authorship: Luer

codes: MXG MXT MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase


slug: specklinia-gracillima

scientific: Specklinia gracillima

authorship: (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

epithet: gracillima

Humboltia gracillima

authorship: (Lindl.) Kuntze

Pleurothallis gracillima

authorship: Lindl.

codes: CLM ECU

authors: (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: specklinia-lanceola

scientific: Specklinia lanceola

authorship: (Sw.) Lindl.

epithet: lanceola

published_in: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. : 8 (1830)

Cymbidium lanceolum

authorship: (Sw.) Sw.

Dendrobium lanceolatum

authorship: Pers.

Epidendrum lanceola

authorship: Sw.

Humboltia lanceola

authorship: (Sw.) Kuntze

Humboltia lateritia

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Kuntze

Pleurothallis lanceola

authorship: (Sw.) Spreng.

Specklinia lateritia

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

codes: MXG MXT MXS CLM COS GUA JAM

Guatemala

code: GUA

Jamaica

code: JAM

region: Caribbean

published_in: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 8


slug: specklinia-lentiginosa

scientific: Specklinia lentiginosa

authorship: (F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

epithet: lentiginosa

Physosiphon lentiginosa

authorship: (Kraenzl.) Brieger

Pleurothallis lentiginosa

authorship: F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.

Pseudoctomeria lentiginosa

authorship: (F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Kraenzl.

published_in: Lindleyana 16(4): 258


slug: specklinia-morganii

scientific: Specklinia morganii

authorship: (Luer) Luer

epithet: morganii

published_in: Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262 (2004)

authors: (Luer) Luer


slug: specklinia-picta

scientific: Specklinia picta

epithet: picta

Humboltia florulenta

authorship: (Linden & Rchb.f.) Kuntze

Lepanthes plurifolia

authorship: Rodr.

Pleurothallis arevaloi

authorship: Schltr.

Pleurothallis densifolia

authorship: Rolfe

Pleurothallis florulenta

authorship: Linden & Rchb.f.

Pleurothallis integrilabia

authorship: Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.

Pleurothallis lindleyana

authorship: Cogn.

Specklinia florulenta

authorship: (Linden & Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia panamensis

authorship: (Schltr.) Bogarín & Pupulin

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZS BZL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUA GUY HON PAN PER SUR VEN

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: specklinia-pisinna

scientific: Specklinia pisinna

authorship: (Luer) Solano & Soto Arenas

epithet: pisinna

published_in: Icon. Orchid. 5-6: xi

Pleurothallis pisinna

authorship: Luer

codes: MXG MXT MXS GUA HON

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

authors: (Luer) Solano & Soto Arenas

published_in: Icon. Orchid. 5-6: 11

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: specklinia-tribuloides

scientific: Specklinia tribuloides

authorship: (Sw.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

epithet: tribuloides

Cryptophoranthus acaulis

authorship: Kraenzl.

Cryptophoranthus tribuloides

authorship: (Sw.) H.Dietr.

Cymbidium tribuloides

authorship: (Sw.) Spreng.

Dendrobium tribuloides

authorship: (Sw.) Sw.

Epidendrum tribuloides

authorship: Sw.

Humboltia tribuloides

authorship: (Sw.) Kuntze

Pleurothallis spathulata

authorship: A.Rich. & Galeotti

Pleurothallis tribuloides

authorship: (Sw.) Lindl.

Tribulago tribuloides

authorship: (Sw.) Luer

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ COS CUB DOM GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PAN SUR

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: epiphyte

authors: (Sw.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

published_in: Lindleyana 16(4): 259

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spergula-arvensis

scientific: Spergula arvensis

authorship: L.

genus: Spergula

epithet: arvensis

family: Caryophyllaceae

preferred: corn spurrey

english:
corn spurrey
corn spurry

Alsine arvensis

authorship: (L.) Crantz

Arenaria arvensis

authorship: (L.) Wallr.

Spergula arvensis f. purpurascens

authorship: Maire

Spergula arvensis subsp. maxima

authorship: (Weihe ex Boenn.) O.Schwartz

Spergula arvensis subsp. sativa

authorship: (Boenn.) Čelak.

Spergula arvensis var. maxima

authorship: (Weihe ex Boenn.) Rohrb.

Spergula arvensis var. sativa

authorship: (Boenn.) Rohrb.

Spergula chieusseana

authorship: Pomel

Spergula linicola

authorship: Boreau

Spergula maxima

authorship: Weihe ex Boenn.

Spergula sativa

authorship: Boenn.

Spergularia arvensis

authorship: (L.) Cambess.

codes: ALG AZO BUR CNY ZAI ETH KEN LBY MDR MOR RWA TAN TUN ALT CTA IRQ IRK KAZ KRA LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR WSB YAK IND NEP WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRI YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Rwanda

code: RWA

Tanzania

code: TAN

Tunisia

code: TUN

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Iraq

code: IRQ

region: Western Asia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Стелюх польовий
Шпергель польовий

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Andrena
Delia radicum
Lasioglossum monstrificum
Lasioglossum semilucens
Platycheirus albimanus
Platycheirus manicatus
Platycheirus scutatus
Rhingia rostrata

partners:
Empis nuntia
Anthomyia
Delia nigrescens
Empis vitripennis
Phorbia
Platycheirus albimanus
Platycheirus manicatus
Platycheirus scutatus

partners:
Emberiza citrinella
Fringilla coelebs
Gronops lunatus
Melospiza melodia
Sibinia pyrrhodactyla
Zonotrichia leucophrys
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis

partners:
Beet chlorosis virus
Beet mild yellowing virus

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: spergula-morisonii

scientific: Spergula morisonii

epithet: morisonii

published_in: Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 424 (1847)

preferred: Morison's spurry

english:
Morison's spurry
Pearlwort Spurrey
pearlwort spurrey

Spergula vernalis

authorship: Willd.

codes: ALG TUN BLT BLR BGM CZE DEN FIN FRA GER NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SPA SWE

Algeria

code: ALG

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

region: Middle Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Netherlands

code: NET

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

region: Southeastern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

Sweden

code: SWE

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 435 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Morison's spurry
pearlwort spurrey

names: Торица Морисона

names: Frühlings-Spark Frühlings-Spergel

names:
spargoute printanière
Espargoutte de printemps

names: Шпергель Морісона

names: Vårspergel kalliohatikka

names:
Femhannet spergel
Vår-spergel

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: spergula-pentandra

scientific: Spergula pentandra

epithet: pentandra

preferred: wingstem spurry

Arenaria pentandra

authorship: Wallr.

Stipularia pentandra

authorship: Edgew.

codes: ALG CNY LBY MOR TUN EAI TUR ALB AUT BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG POL POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wingstem spurry
five-anther corn spurrey

names:
Fünfmänniger Spark
Fünfmänniger Spergel

names: Spargoute à cinq étamines, Espargoute à cinq étamines, Espargoute à cinq étamines

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Lasioglossum monstrificum
Lasioglossum semilucens

partners:
Aphis sambuci
Cassida margaritacea
Hypera arator
Piesma capitata
Sibinia pyrrhodactyla


slug: spergularia-arbuscula

scientific: Spergularia arbuscula

authorship: (Gay) I.M.Johnst.

genus: Spergularia

epithet: arbuscula

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 40 (1929)

Paronychia arbuscula

authorship: Gay

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

climate: desert or dry shrubland

source: GIFT

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 40

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: spergularia-bocconei

scientific: Spergularia bocconei

authorship: (Scheele) Graebn.

epithet: bocconei

published_in: Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 849 (1919)

Alsine atheniensis

authorship: (Asch.) Druce

Alsine bocconei

authorship: Scheele

Corion atheniense

authorship: (Asch.) Merino

Spergula bocconei

authorship: (Scheele) Pedersen

Spergularia atheniensis

authorship: Asch.

authorship: Heldr. & Sartori ex Nyman

Spergularia bocconi

authorship: Foucaud ex R.P.Merino

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI GST IRN IRQ LBS OMA PAL SAU TUR YEM BAL COR RUE FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

Baleares

code: BAL

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Troellig Arfor Groegaidd
Troellys Boccone

published_in: Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 5(1, Lief. 11): 849

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spergularia-canadensis

scientific: Spergularia canadensis

authorship: (Pers.) G.Don

epithet: canadensis

preferred: Canadian sandspurry

codes: ASK BRC CAL CNT LAB MAI MAS NBR NWH NWY NFL NSC NUN ONT ORE PEI QUE RHO WAS

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Canadian sandspurry
Canada Sandspurry

value: annual

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spergularia-depauperata

scientific: Spergularia depauperata

authorship: (Naudin) Rohrb.

epithet: depauperata

Tissa depauperata

authorship: Reiche & Johow

codes: AGW AGS CLC CLS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

authors: Rohrb.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: spergularia-fimbriata

scientific: Spergularia fimbriata

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

epithet: fimbriata

Alsine fimbriata

authorship: Pau

Arenaria fimbriata

authorship: Salzm. ex Kindb.

codes: CNY MOR BAL POR SPA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Baleares

code: BAL

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Торичник бахромчатый

value: variable

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: purple

label: Flowering months

value: Jan-Apr

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

authors: Boiss. & Reut.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 1: 94

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spergularia-flaccida

scientific: Spergularia flaccida

authorship: (Madden) I.M.Turner

epithet: flaccida

Arenaria flaccida

authorship: Roxb.

Spergula flaccida

authorship: (Madden) Asch.

Stipularia flaccida

authorship: Madden

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MDR MTN MOR SEL SOC SOM SUD TUN WSA AFG GST IRN IRQ KUW LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN YEM ASS IND PAK SIC

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Mauritania

code: MTN

region: West Tropical Africa

Selvagens

code: SEL

Socotra

code: SOC

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Gulf States

code: GST

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kuwait

code: KUW

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Yemen

code: YEM

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

India

code: IND

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 95 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: spergularia-macrotheca

scientific: Spergularia macrotheca

authorship: (Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Heynh.

epithet: macrotheca

preferred: sticky sandspurry

Alsine macrotheca

authorship: (Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) House

Arenaria macrotheca

authorship: Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.

Buda macrotheca

authorship: (Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Lepigonum macrothecum

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

authorship: (Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Kindb.

Tissa leucantha

authorship: Greene

Tissa leucantha var. glabra

authorship: Davidson

Tissa macrotheca

authorship: (Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Britton

codes: BRC CAL MXI MXN ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 488 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sticky sandspurry
beach sand-spurrey

partners:
Argyrotaenia franciscana
Lucilia sericata

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Growth habit

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: (Hornem. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Heynh.

published_in: Alph. Aufz. Gew. 689. 1847; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 276. 1848


slug: spergularia-marina

scientific: Spergularia marina

authorship: (L.) Besser

epithet: marina

preferred: Lesser Sea-spurrey

english:
Lesser Sea-spurrey
salt sandspurry

Alsine marina

authorship: Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Alsine salina

authorship: (J.Presl & C.Presl) Heldmann

authorship: Groves

Alsinella media

authorship: Hornem.

Arenaria marina

authorship: Pall.

Arenaria maritima

authorship: Steud.

Arenaria media

authorship: DC.

Arenaria rubra subsp. marina

authorship: (L.) Ehrh.

Arenaria rubra var. marina

authorship: L.

Arenaria salina

authorship: Ser.

Buda marina

authorship: Dumort.

authorship: (L.) Dum.

Buda media var. marina

authorship: Kuntze

Corion marinum var. leiospermum

authorship: (Kindb.) N.E.Br.

Lepigonum leiospermum

authorship: Kindb.

Spergula marina

authorship: Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.

Spergula salina var. faurei

authorship: Maire

Spergula seminulifera

authorship: (Hy) Maire

Spergularia dillenii

authorship: Lebel

Spergularia marina

authorship: (L.) Griseb.

Spergularia marina var. tenuis

authorship: (Greene) R.Rossbach

Spergularia rubra var. marina

authorship: (L.) A.Gray

Spergularia salina

authorship: J.Presl & C.Presl

Spergularia salina var. tenuis

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

Spergularia seminulifera

authorship: Hy

Spergularia tenuis

authorship: (Greene) B.L.Rob.

Stipularia marina

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tissa marina

authorship: Britton

Tissa tenuis

authorship: (Greene) Greene

codes: ALG AZO CNY CHA EGY LBY MDR MTN MOR TUN FAL AFG ALT BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CYP EAI GST CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KUR KUW LBS CHM MON NCS OMA PAL PRM CHQ SAK SAU SIN TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK YEM PAK ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE TUE UKR ABT ARI BRC CAL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA IOW LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA NWT NSC OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WYO AGE AGW AGS CLC CLS

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Chad

code: CHA

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Falkland Is.

code: FAL

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Cyprus

code: CYP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1911 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Spergule marine, Spergulaire marine, Spergulaire du sel

partners:
Gronops lunatus
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus

partners:
Uromyces sparsus
Albugo lepigoni
Peronospora obovata


slug: spergularia-media

scientific: Spergularia media

authorship: (L.) C.Presl

epithet: media

preferred: media sandspurry

Alsine marginata

authorship: (DC.) Rchb.

Arenaria halophila

authorship: Bunge ex Ledeb.

Arenaria heterosperma

authorship: Guss.

Arenaria macrorrhiza

authorship: Guirão ex Willk. & Lange

Arenaria marginata

authorship: DC.

Arenaria marina

authorship: (L.) All.

Arenaria maritima

authorship: All.

Arenaria media

authorship: L.

Arenaria spergula

authorship: Dufour

Buda media

authorship: (L.) Desv.

Cerastium medium

authorship: Crantz

Lepigonum marginatum

authorship: (DC.) W.D.J.Koch

Lepigonum marginatum var. glandulosa

authorship: Fenzl

Melargyra media

authorship: Raf.

Spergula marginata

authorship: (DC.) Murb.

Spergularia marginata

authorship: (DC.) Kitt.

Spergularia maritima

authorship: (All.) Chiov.

Stipularia pubescens

authorship: Haw.

codes: ALG CNY EGY MTN MOR TUN WSA AFG EAI CHI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS NCS PAL SIN TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB CHX PAK AUT BAL BLT BGM BUL COR CZE DEN FIN FRA GER GRB GRC IRE ITA KRY YUG NET NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Western Sahara

code: WSA

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 794 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Spergulaire moyenne, Spergulaire marginée, Spargoute moyenne

names:
Troellig Arfor Mawr
Troellys Lluosflwydd

partners:
Lasioglossum sabulosum
Lasioglossum semilucens

partners:
Gronops lunatus
Cnephasia incertana
Delia echinata
Delia florilega
Hypera arator
Liriomyza strigata
Nysius cymoides
Rhopalus parumpunctatus


slug: spergularia-pazensis

scientific: Spergularia pazensis

authorship: (Rusby) R.Rossbach

epithet: pazensis

Tissa pazensis

authorship: Rusby

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

climate: montane tropical

label: Woodiness

authors: (Rusby) R.Rossbach

published_in: Rhodora 42: 205


slug: spergularia-purpurea

scientific: Spergularia purpurea

authorship: (Pers.) G.Don

epithet: purpurea

preferred: purple sandspurry

Alsine purpurea

authorship: (Pers.) Heynh.

Arenaria purpurea

authorship: Pers.

Corion purpureum

authorship: (Pers.) Pau

Lepigonum purpureum

authorship: (Pers.) Kindb.

Melargyra purpurea

authorship: (Pers.) Raf.

Spergula purpurea

authorship: (Pers.) D.Dietr.

Spergularia longipes

authorship: (Lange) Rouy

codes: MOR POR SPA

Morocco

code: MOR

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 493 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthophila
Dufourea
Lasioglossum
Sphaerophoria scripta
Syrphidae

value: biennial

published_in: Gen. Hist. 1: 425


slug: spergularia-ramosa

scientific: Spergularia ramosa

authorship: Cambess.

epithet: ramosa

codes: AGE AGW AGS BOL BZS PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

label: Life form

value: perennial

authors: Cambess.

published_in: Fl. Bras. Merid. 2: 178


slug: spergularia-rubra

scientific: Spergularia rubra

authorship: J.Presl & C.Presl

epithet: rubra

preferred: Red Sand Spurrey

english:
Red Sand Spurrey
red sandspurry
sand spurrey

source: inat

Alsine alpina

authorship: (Boiss.) Willk.

Alsine radicans

authorship: (C.Presl) Guss.

Alsine rubra

authorship: (L.) Crantz

Arenaria campestris

authorship: All.

authorship: L.

Arenaria membranacea

authorship: Gaterau

Arenaria radicans

authorship: (C.Presl) Spreng.

Arenaria rubra var. canadensis

authorship: Eaton

Fasciculus ruber

authorship: Dulac

Lepigonum radicans

authorship: (C.Presl) Kindb.

Lepigonum rubrum

authorship: Wahlb.

Spergula radicans

authorship: (C.Presl) D.Dietr.

Spergularia campestris

authorship: Asch.

Stipularia rubra

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tissa rubra

authorship: (L.) Britton

codes: ALG CNY EGY ERI ETH LBY MDR SUD AFG AMU BRY EAI IRK KAM KAZ KHA KRA KUR MAG NCS PAL PRM SAK SIN TCS TUR WSB CHX YAK YEM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI YUG NET RUN RUW POL ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Торичник красный

names:
spergulaire rouge
Spergulaire rouge, Sabline rouge

names: Стелюшок червоний

names: אפזרית אדומה

partners:
Aglais milberti
Apis mellifera
Brephidium exilis
Chlorops
Coenonympha california
Coenonympha california california
Eristalinus aeneus
Eupeodes volucris

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Brephidium exilis
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus


slug: spergularia-rupicola

scientific: Spergularia rupicola

authorship: Lebel ex Le Jol.

epithet: rupicola

published_in: Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 7: 274 (1860)

Corion rupicola

authorship: (Lebel ex Kindb.) Merino

Spergula lebeliana

authorship: (Rouy) Maire

Spergularia lebeliana

authorship: Rouy

Spergularia rupestris

authorship: Lebel

codes: FRA GRB IRE POR SPA

France

code: FRA

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Ireland

code: IRE

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 350 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cliff sand-spurrey
rock sand-spurrey

partners:
Eristalinus aeneus
Lasioglossum smeathmanellum

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

authors: Lebel

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spergularia-villosa

scientific: Spergularia villosa

authorship: (Pers.) Cambess.

epithet: villosa

preferred: hairy sandspurry

Lepigonum villosum

authorship: (Pers.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Spergula villosa

authorship: Pers.

Tissa villosa

authorship: (Pers.) Britton

codes: AGE AGW AGS CLC CLS PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

names:
hairy sandspurry
hairy sand-spurrey

label: Life cycle

authors: (Pers.) Cambess.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spermacoce-alata

scientific: Spermacoce alata

authorship: Aubl.

genus: Spermacoce

epithet: alata

family: Rubiaceae

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane : 60 (1775)

preferred: winged false buttonweed

Bigelovia elata

authorship: Bartl. ex DC.

Borreria alata

authorship: (Aubl.) DC.

codes: BZN BZC CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
winged false buttonweed
Broadleaf Buttonweed

partners:
Apis mellifera
Augochloropsis
Lonchophylla robusta
Partamona aequatoriana
Partamona peckolti
Trigona ferricauda

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: shrub

value: chamaephyte

value: lithophyte

authors: Aubl.

published_in: Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 60


slug: spermacoce-articularis

scientific: Spermacoce articularis

epithet: articularis

Borreria articularis

authorship: (L.f.) F.N.Williams

Spermacoce flexuosa

authorship: Lour.

Spermacoce longicaulis

authorship: R.Br. ex G.Don

Spermacoce ramosissima

authorship: R.Br. ex Wall.

Spermacoce scabra

authorship: Willd.

codes: CMN ZAI GUI KEN LBR MDG MLW MAU MOZ NGA SEN SIE SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM CHS JAP NNS TAI AND ASS BAN BOR EHM IND JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP PHI SOL SRL SUL THA VIE WHM NTA QLD WAU

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Guinea

code: GUI

region: West Tropical Africa

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Liberia

code: LBR

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mauritius

code: MAU

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aproaerema modicella
Spialia galba
Ypthima asterope


slug: spermacoce-brachystema

scientific: Spermacoce brachystema

authorship: R.Br. ex Benth.

epithet: brachystema

Borreria brachystema

authorship: (R.Br. ex Benth.) Valeton

name: Spermacoce brachystema subvar. chillagoensis

authorship: Domin

name: Spermacoce brachystema var. pycnocephala

codes: NSW NTA QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

label: Height

authors: R.Br. ex Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 3: 439

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spermacoce-chartensis

scientific: Spermacoce chartensis

authorship: (Standl.) Govaerts

epithet: chartensis

published_in: World Checkl. Seed Pl.  2: 15 (1996)

Borreria chartensis

authorship: Standl.

Colombia

code: CLM

lifeform: subshrub

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Standl.) Govaerts

published_in: World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1–2): 15 (1996):

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spermacoce-confusa

scientific: Spermacoce confusa

authorship: Rendle

epithet: confusa

preferred: river false buttonweed

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGW ARU BAH BOL BZE CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE TRT TCI VEN

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Bahamas

code: BAH

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spermacoce-dasycephala

scientific: Spermacoce dasycephala

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete

epithet: dasycephala

published_in: Fl. Ilustr. Catarin., Rubiaceas 2: 719 (2005)

preferred: carretilla

Borreria advena

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Borreria dasycephala

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral

Diodia dasycephala

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Spermacoce repens

authorship: Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC ECU PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 131 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete

published_in: Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. Rubiaceas 2: 719

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spermacoce-densiflora

scientific: Spermacoce densiflora

authorship: (DC.) Alain

epithet: densiflora

preferred: bouquet false buttonweed

Borreria arenicola

authorship: Brandegee

Borreria densiflora

authorship: DC.

Borreria densiflora var. latifolia

authorship: E.L.Cabral & B.A.B.Martins

Borreria densiflora var. minima

authorship: E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo

Borreria densiflora var. pilosa

authorship: Bacigalupo

Borreria spinosa var. latifolia

authorship: (E.L.Cabral & B.A.B.Martins) E.L.Cabral

Borreria spinosa var. minima

authorship: (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) E.L.Cabral

Spermacoce arenicola

authorship: (Brandegee) Govaerts

Spermacoce spinosa

authorship: Sw.

codes: MXG MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA GUY HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spermacoce-dibrachiata

scientific: Spermacoce dibrachiata

authorship: Oliv.

epithet: dibrachiata

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London  29: 87 (1873)

Borreria dibrachiata

authorship: (Oliv.) K.Schum.

Pentas involucrata

authorship: Baker

Tardavel dibrachiata

authorship: (Oliv.) Hiern

codes: ANG BUR ZAI MLW MOZ RWA TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Rwanda

code: RWA

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Oliv.

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29(2): 87

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: spermacoce-exilis

scientific: Spermacoce exilis

authorship: (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor

epithet: exilis

preferred: Pacific false buttonweed

Spermacoce decandollei

authorship: Deb & Ratna Dutta

Spermacoce mauritiana

authorship: Gideon

Spermacoce repens

authorship: (DC.) Fosberg & J.M.Powell

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZC CPI CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON JAM NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Central American Pacific Is.

code: CPI

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 162 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aeromachus pygmaeus
Polistes bellicosus
Taractrocera ceramas

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: spermacoce-filifolia

scientific: Spermacoce filifolia

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork

epithet: filifolia

Borreria filifolia

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) K.Schum.

Octodon filifolius

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

Spermacoce filifolia

authorship: Perr. & Lepr. ex DC.

codes: BEN BKN CMN CAF CHA ZAI GHA GUI GNB IVO MLW MLI MTN NGA SEN SUD TAN TOG ZAM ZIM

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Nigeria

code: NGA

Senegal

code: SEN

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Togo

code: TOG

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: spermacoce-glabra

scientific: Spermacoce glabra

authorship: Michx.

epithet: glabra

preferred: smooth false buttonweed

Spermacoceodes glabrum

authorship: (Michx.) Kuntze

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 288 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
smooth false buttonweed
buttonweed

label: Flower-visited by

label: Eaten by

value: vine

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: spermacoce-hispida

scientific: Spermacoce hispida

authorship: L.

epithet: hispida

Borreria articularis var. hispida

authorship: (L.) Sivar. & Manilal

Borreria hispida

authorship: (L.) K.Schum.

Borreria rotundifolia

authorship: Valeton

Spermacoce avana

authorship: R.Br. ex G.Don

Spermacoce carolinensis

authorship: Govaerts

Spermacoce mutilata

authorship: Blanco

Spermacoce rigida

authorship: Salisb.

codes: CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI AND ASS BAN CBD EHM IND JAW MLY MYA NEP PHI SOL SCS SRL THA VIE WHM

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

region: Papuasia

South China Sea

code: SCS

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.