slug: cirriphyllum-crassinervium

scientific: Cirriphyllum crassinervium

authorship: (Taylor ex Wilson) Loeske & M.Fleisch.

genus: Cirriphyllum

epithet: crassinervium

family: Brachytheciaceae

Amblystegium scleropus

authorship: (Schimp.) Kindb.

Brachythecium crassinervium

authorship: (Taylor ex Wilson) Kindb.

Brachythecium latifolium var. saltense

authorship: (I.Hagen) C.E.O.Jensen

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium f. aureonitens

authorship: (Molendo) Podp.

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium f. longinervatum

authorship: Ştefur.

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium f. versicolor

authorship: Latzel

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. aureonitens

authorship: (Molendo) Latzel

Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. fallax

authorship: (Loeske & T.Linder) Podp.

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. longicuspis

authorship: Loeske

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. longifolium

authorship: (Röll) Podp.

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. pachyneurum

authorship: (Hampe) Żmuda

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. sommieri

authorship: (G.Roth) G.Roth

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. subpinnatum

Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. tenue

authorship: (Braithw.) Latzel

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. turgescens

authorship: (Molendo) Mönk.

name: Cirriphyllum crassinervium var. versicolor

authorship: (Latzel) Pavletić

Cirriphyllum filiforme

authorship: (DC.) Broth.

Cirriphyllum piliferum f. filiforme

authorship: (DC.) Margad.

Cirriphyllum scleropus

authorship: (Schimp.) Loeske

Eurhynchium crassinervium

authorship: (Taylor ex Wilson) Schimp.

name: Eurhynchium crassinervium var. aureonitens

authorship: Molendo

Eurhynchium crassinervium var. fallax

authorship: Loeske & T.Linder

Eurhynchium crassinervium var. laxorete

authorship: Kindb.

name: Eurhynchium crassinervium var. longifolium

authorship: Röll

Eurhynchium crassinervium var. martini

authorship: Fergusson

name: Eurhynchium crassinervium var. pachyneurum

authorship: (Hampe) Limpr.

Eurhynchium crassinervium var. tenue

authorship: (Braithw.) Limpr.

name: Eurhynchium crassinervium var. turgescens

Eurhynchium crassinervium var. turgidum

authorship: Molendo ex Herzog

Eurhynchium scleropus

authorship: Schimp.

Hypnum crassinervium

authorship: Taylor ex Wilson

Hypnum crassinervium var. auronitens

authorship: (Molendo) Boulay

Hypnum crassinervium var. noduliferum

authorship: Stirt.

Hypnum crassinervium var. pachyneurum

authorship: Hampe

Hypnum crassinervium var. tenue

authorship: Braithw.

Hypnum filiforme

authorship: Brid.

Hypnum lamarckii

authorship: DC.

Hypnum saltense

authorship: (I.Hagen) H.A.Möller

Pancovia crassinervia

authorship: (Taylor ex Wilson) Piré

Paramyurium crassinervium

authorship: (Taylor ex Wilson) Warnst.

Paramyurium crassinervium var. sommieri

authorship: (G.Roth) Loeske

name: Paramyurium crassinervium var. turgescens

authorship: (Molendo) Warnst.

Rhynchostegium crassinervium

authorship: (Taylor ex Wilson) De Not.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 强肋毛尖 强肋毛尖藓

names:
Kortspidset penselmos
Tæt penselmos


slug: cirriphyllum-piliferum

scientific: Cirriphyllum piliferum

authorship: (Hedw.) Grout

epithet: piliferum

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(5): 225. 1898.

preferred: cirriphyllum moss

source: wikidata

Brachythecium piliferum

authorship: (Hedw.) Kindb.

Cirriphyllum piliferum f. julaceum

authorship: (Holler ex Warnst.) Mönk.

Cirriphyllum piliferum var. meyeri

authorship: (Meyl.) Podp.

Eurhynchium meyeri

authorship: Meyl.

Eurhynchium piliferum

authorship: (Hedw.) Schimp.

Eurhynchium piliferum var. julaceum

authorship: (Holler ex Warnst.) Mikut.

Hypnum cassubicum

authorship: Dicks.

Hypnum piliferum

authorship: Hedw.

Hypnum piliferum var. brevirostre

authorship: Weinm.

Pancovia pilifera

authorship: (Hedw.) J.Kickx f.

Paramyurium piliferum

authorship: (Hedw.) Warnst.

Paramyurium piliferum var. adpressum

authorship: Jaap ex Warnst.

Paramyurium piliferum var. julaceum

authorship: Holler ex Warnst.

Rhynchostegium piliferum

authorship: (Hedw.) De Not.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 339 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
cirriphyllum moss
Hair-pointed Feather-moss

names: 毛尖藓 毛尖蘚

names: Циррифиллюм волосоносный

names:
cirriphylle porte-poil
buissonnette porte-poil

names: Листовус волосконосний

names:
blek hasselmossa
hårgräsmossa

names:
Almindelig penselmos
Bleg penselmos

names: lundveikmose veikmose

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: nonvascular

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: cirsium-acrolepis

scientific: Cirsium acrolepis

authorship: (Petr.) G.B.Ownbey

genus: Cirsium

epithet: acrolepis

family: Asteraceae

Cirsium occidentale subsp. acrolepis

authorship: Petr.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: MXE MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: (Petr.) G.B.Ownbey

published_in: Phytologia 50: 317

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-alsophilum

scientific: Cirsium alsophilum

authorship: (Pollini) Soldano

epithet: alsophilum

published_in: Boll. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Verona 18: 346. 1994 [1991 publ. 1994]

Cirsium allionii

authorship: Thurm. ex Ardoino

Cirsium alsophilum

authorship: (Pollini) Greuter

Cirsium montanum

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Spreng.

Cnicus alsophilus

authorship: Pollini

Cnicus montanus

authorship: Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALB FRA ITA YUG SWI

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Switzerland

code: SWI

region: Middle Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 265 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cirse d'Allioni
Cirse d'Allioni, Cirse des montagnes

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena pellucens
Andrena polita

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Adelphocoris detritus
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana
Agonopterix arenella
Agonopterix carduella

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

authors: (Pollini) Soldano

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: cirsium-altissimum

scientific: Cirsium altissimum

authorship: (L.) Hill

epithet: altissimum

published_in: Hort. Kew. (Hill) 63. 1768

preferred: tall thistle

Carduus altissimus

authorship: L.

Cirsium altissimum

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

Cirsium diversifolium

authorship: DC.

Cirsium iowense

authorship: Fernald

Cnicus altissimus

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Cnicus iowense

authorship: Pammel

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL PEN SCA SDA TEN TEX WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2015 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Ageniella accepta
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena andrenoides
Andrena spiraeana
Anoplius illinoensis
Anoplius virginiensis
Anthocomus erichsoni

partners:
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Melissodes desponsus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus vagans
Hemaris thysbe
Heriades leavitti

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Bombus pensylvanicus
Cuerna costalis
Cycloneda munda
Enchenopa latipes
Entylia carinata
Harmonia axyridis
Leptoglossus phyllopus

partners:
Entylia carinata
Paraulacizes irrorata
Aphis fabae
Archilochus colubris
Bombus fervidus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Epargyreus clarus
Halictus ligatus


slug: cirsium-anartiolepis

scientific: Cirsium anartiolepis

epithet: anartiolepis

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

value: shrub

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

authors: Petr.

published_in: Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 65


slug: cirsium-andersonii

scientific: Cirsium andersonii

epithet: andersonii

preferred: Anderson's thistle

english:
Anderson's thistle
rose thistle

source: inat

Cirsium andersonii

authorship: Jeps.

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1411 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
rose thistle
Anderson's thistle

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus morrisoni
Bombus appositus
Bombus centralis
Bombus fervidus
Papilio eurymedon
Selasphorus rufus
Speyeria cybele
Bombus bifarius

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: biennial

published_in: Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: cirsium-andrewsii

scientific: Cirsium andrewsii

epithet: andrewsii

preferred: Franciscan thistle

Cnicus amplifolius

authorship: Greene

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: Jeps.

published_in: Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 506

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-arisanense

scientific: Cirsium arisanense

authorship: Kitam.

epithet: arisanense

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 148 (1932)

Taiwan

code: TAI

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 655 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 阿里山薊 阿里山蓟

partners:
Arachotia hohuanshanensis
Bombus formosellus

authors: Kitam.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(2): 148


slug: cirsium-arizonicum

scientific: Cirsium arizonicum

authorship: (A.Gray) Petr.

epithet: arizonicum

preferred: Arizona thistle

Cirsium arizonicum var. nidulum

authorship: (M.E.Jones) S.L.Welsh

Cirsium chellyense

authorship: R.J.Moore & Frankton

Cirsium nidulum

authorship: Rydb.

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Petr.

Cirsium rothrockii

authorship: Petr.

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NEV NWM UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1224 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Atrytonopsis
Lon taxiles
Atrytonopsis cestus
Atrytonopsis python

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Cecropterus pylades
Publilia porrecta

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Epargyreus clarus
Hyles lineata
Vanessa virginiensis

authors: (A.Gray) Petr.


slug: cirsium-arvense

scientific: Cirsium arvense

authorship: (L.) Scop.

epithet: arvense

preferred: creeping thistle

english:
creeping thistle
Canadian Thistle
Creeping Thistle
Canada thistle

Breea arvensis

authorship: (L.) Less.

Breea dioica

authorship: (Cass.) Less.

Breea ochrolepidia

authorship: (Juz.) Soják

Breea setosa

authorship: (Willd.) Kitam.

Carduus arvensis

authorship: (L.) Robson

Carduus neglectus

authorship: Steud.

Carduus serratuloides

authorship: Neck.

Carduus setosus

authorship: Bab.

Cephalonoplos arvense

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Cephalonoplos ochrolepidium

authorship: (Juz.) Juz.

Cirsium albiflorum

authorship: Kitag.

Cirsium arvense f. incanum

authorship: (Beck) Gajić

Cirsium arvense f. rubricaule

authorship: Lepage

Cirsium arvense subsp. incanum

authorship: (S.G.Gmel.) Iljin

Cirsium arvense subsp. setosum

authorship: (Willd.) Ilijn

authorship: (Willd.) Iljin

Cirsium arvense var. argenteum

authorship: (Peyer ex Vest) Fiori

Cirsium arvense var. horridum

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Cirsium arvense var. incanum

authorship: (S.G.Gmel.) Ledeb.

Cirsium arvense var. setosum

authorship: (Willd.) Ledeb.

Cirsium arvense var. subulatum

authorship: (Ledeb.) Ledeb.

Cirsium dioicum

authorship: Cass.

Cirsium halophilum

authorship: Turcz. ex Herder

Cirsium incanum

authorship: (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch.

Cirsium laevigatum

authorship: Tausch

Cirsium mutatum

authorship: Menyh.

Cirsium neglectum

authorship: Fisch. ex Spreng.

Cirsium ochrolepidium

authorship: Juz.

Cirsium ruthenicum

authorship: Fisch.

Cirsium setosum

authorship: (Willd.) Besser ex M.Bieb.

Cirsium setosum var. mite

authorship: (Wimm. & Grab.) Tzvelev

Cirsium setosum var. subulatum

authorship: Ledeb.

Cirsium sordidum

authorship: Wallr.

Cirsium stocksii

authorship: Boiss.

Cnicus arvensis

authorship: (L.) G.Gaertn. & al.

authorship: (L.) Roth

authorship: (L.) Hoffm.

Cnicus arvensis f. albiflorus

authorship: E.L.Rand & Redfield

Cnicus arvensis var. setosus

authorship: (Willd.) Maxim.

Cnicus candicans

authorship: Wall.

Cnicus lanatus

authorship: Willd.

Cnicus neglectus

authorship: Parish ex Greene

Cnicus setosus

authorship: Besser

Cynara repens

authorship: Stokes

Serratula spinosa

authorship: Gilib.

codes: ALG AZO AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CYP CHI IRN IRQ JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA KUR LBS MAG CHM MON NCS PAL PRM CHQ SAK SIN TZK CHT TCS TKM TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX YAK ASS BAN EHM IND NEP PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
شوك الحقل
شوك زاحف

names:
Бодяк полевой
Бодяк розовый

names: アレチアザミ エゾノキツネアザミ

names: Cirse des champs, Chardon des champs, Calcide

names:
Будяк польовий
Осот польовий

names: Κίρσιο το αρουραίο

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Anthidium manicatum
Aotearomyia adrel
Apis mellifera
Bembix americana
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus impatiens
Bombus mixtus

partners:
Adia cinerella
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Allantus
Alloxysta victrix
Amblyteles
Anagrus
Anapausis soluta

partners:
Cleonis pigra
Ensina sonchi
Lema cyanella
Tephritis cometa
Terellia tussilaginis
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Agonopterix arenella
Agonopterix kaekeritziana

partners:
Bremia lactucae
Erysiphe mayorii
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Orobanche reticulata
Puccinia cnici
Pustula spinulosa
Torymus chloromerus

partners:
Alternaria cirsinoxia
Pseudomonas syringae
Puccinia punctiformis

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: cirsium-bertolonii

scientific: Cirsium bertolonii

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: bertolonii

Cirsium spinosissimum subsp. bertolonii

authorship: (Sprengel) Werner

Cnicus horridus

authorship: Bertol.

Italy

code: ITA

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 377

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-bicentenariale

scientific: Cirsium bicentenariale

authorship: Rzed.

epithet: bicentenariale

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

authors: Rzed.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-brachycephalum

scientific: Cirsium brachycephalum

authorship: Juratzka

epithet: brachycephalum

published_in: Verh. Zool.-Bot. Vereins Wien 7: 99 (1857)

codes: AUT CZE HUN YUG ROM

Austria

code: AUT

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

region: Southeastern Europe

Romania

code: ROM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
pcháč krátkohlavý
pcháč žlutoostenný

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m

value: variable

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun-Sep

authors: Juratzka

published_in: Verh. Zool.-Bot. Vereins Wien 7: 99


slug: cirsium-brevicaule

scientific: Cirsium brevicaule

epithet: brevicaule

Cirsium brevicaule var. oshimense

authorship: Kitam.

Cirsium liukiuense

authorship: Nakai

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 島薊 雞觴刺

partners:
Attalus chujoanus
Calliphora lata

published_in: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 6(2): 396

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-brevistylum

scientific: Cirsium brevistylum

authorship: Cronquist

epithet: brevistylum

preferred: clustered thistle

codes: BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 948 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
clustered thistle
Indian thistle

partners:
Bombus mixtus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus vosnesenskii
Chrysomelidae
Tephritidae

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: 2 m

value: annual

authors: Cronquist

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 26


slug: cirsium-canescens

scientific: Cirsium canescens

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: canescens

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 420 (1841)

preferred: prairie thistle

Carduus dacoticus

authorship: A.Nelson ex Visher

Carduus discolor

authorship: Hook.

Carduus nebraskensis

authorship: Britton

Carduus nelsonii

authorship: Pammel

Carduus plattense

authorship: Rydb.

Carduus undulatus var. canescens

authorship: (Nutt.) Porter

Cirsium nebraskense

authorship: Lunell

Cirsium nelsonii

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium plattense

authorship: (Rydb.) Cockerell

authorship: (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels

authorship: (Rydb.) Fernald

authorship: (Rydb.) Fernald ex B.L.Rob.

Cnicus undulatus var. canescens

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Gray

codes: CAL COL MSO MNT NEB NEV SDA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 236 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
prairie thistle
Platte thistle

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Argynnis atlantis sorocko
Argynnis hesperis
Danaus plexippus
Eresia aveyrona mylitta
Hesperia leonardus
Hesperia pahaska

partners:
Entylia carinata
Euphoria inda
Publilia modesta

partners:
Apis cerana
Homoeosoma ardaloniphas
Homoeosoma eremophasma
Homoeosoma stypticella
Rhinocyllus conicus

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 420

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-carniolicum

scientific: Cirsium carniolicum

authorship: Scop.

epithet: carniolicum

Carduus carniolicus

authorship: Pers.

Cirsium rufescens

authorship: Ramond ex DC.

Cnicus rufescens

authorship: Loisel.

codes: AUT FRA ITA YUG SPA

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Jul-Aug

authors: Scop.

published_in: Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 2: 128

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-carolinianum

scientific: Cirsium carolinianum

authorship: (Walter) Fernald & B.G.Schub.

epithet: carolinianum

preferred: soft thistle

Carduus carolinianus

authorship: Walter

Carduus flaccidum

authorship: Small

codes: ALA ARK GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MSI MSO NCA OHI OKL SCA TEN TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 440 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
soft thistle
Carolina thistle

partners:
Clossiana titania
Crambidia pallida
Leptoglossus phyllopus
Speyeria cybele


slug: cirsium-cephalotes

scientific: Cirsium cephalotes

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: cephalotes

codes: NCS TCS TUR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

value: Jul-Sep

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 6: 102


slug: cirsium-chlorocomos

scientific: Cirsium chlorocomos

authorship: Sommier & Levier

epithet: chlorocomos

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada xii. (1893) 154; et in Nuov.

Cirsium kemulariae

authorship: Kharadze

codes: NCS TCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Aug

authors: Sommier & Levier

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 154


slug: cirsium-ciliatum

scientific: Cirsium ciliatum

authorship: (Murray) Moench

epithet: ciliatum

Carduus ciliatus

authorship: Murray

Cirsium cilliacum

authorship: Tardent

Cirsium desertorum

authorship: Janka ex Nyman

Cirsium discolor

authorship: hort. ex Steud.

Cirsium ferox

authorship: Schur ex Nyman

Cnicus ciliatus

authorship: Roth

Epitrachys ciliata

authorship: (Murray) K.Koch

codes: IRN IRQ NCS TCS TUR RUC RUE ROM RUS UKR

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: biennial or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 217 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Aug-Sep

authors: Moench

published_in: Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 227


slug: cirsium-clavatum

scientific: Cirsium clavatum

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Petr.

epithet: clavatum

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35: 310 (1917)

preferred: Fish Lake thistle

Carduus osterhoutii

authorship: Rydb.

Cirsium clavatum

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Rydb.

Cirsium osterhoutii

authorship: Petr.

codes: COL UTA

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (M.E.Jones) Petr.

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 35: 310


slug: cirsium-clokeyi

scientific: Cirsium clokeyi

epithet: clokeyi

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 8 (1938)

preferred: whitespine thistle

Cirsium eatonii var. clokeyi

authorship: (S.F.Blake) D.J.Keil

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
whitespine thistle
Clokey thistle

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 8


slug: cirsium-coahuilense

scientific: Cirsium coahuilense

authorship: Ownbey & Pinkava

epithet: coahuilense

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

authors: Ownbey & Pinkava


slug: cirsium-conspicuum

scientific: Cirsium conspicuum

epithet: conspicuum

Carduus pyrochros

authorship: Less.

Cnicus conspicuus

authorship: Hemsl.

Erythrolaena conspicua

authorship: Sweet

codes: MXC MXG MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 7-8: 312


slug: cirsium-creticum

scientific: Cirsium creticum

authorship: (Lam.) d'Urv.

epithet: creticum

published_in: Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 363 (1822)

Carduus creticus

authorship: Lam.

Carduus hippolyti

authorship: Bory & Chaub.

Cirsium creticum subsp. dictaeum

authorship: Greuter, Matthäs & Risse

Cirsium creticum var. triumfetti

authorship: Lacaita

Cirsium gaillardotii

authorship: Boiss.

Cirsium hippolyti

authorship: Link ex Steud.

authorship: (Bory & Chaub.) Link

Cirsium polyanthemum var. creticum

authorship: (Lam.) Fiori

Cirsium polyanthemum var. integrifolium

authorship: Longo

Cirsium polyanthemum var. longispinum

authorship: (Jur.) Fiori

Cirsium polyanthemum var. triumfetti

authorship: (Lacaita) Fiori

Cirsium polyanthos

authorship: d'Urv.

Cirsium pseudogaillardoti

authorship: Arènes

Cirsium siculum subsp. gaillardotii

authorship: (Boiss.) Petr.

Cirsium siculum subsp. polyanthos

authorship: Nyman

Cirsium siculum var. hyppolyti

authorship: (Bory & Chaub.) Boiss.

codes: LBY EAI IRN LBS PAL TUR ALB BUL COR GRC ITA KRI YUG ROM SIC TUE

Libya

code: LBY

region: Northern Africa

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

names: Бодяк критский

names:
Cirse de Crète
Cirse de Crête

authors: (Lam.) d'Urv.

published_in: Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 363

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-cymosum

scientific: Cirsium cymosum

authorship: (Greene) J.T.Howell

epithet: cymosum

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 37 (1943)

preferred: peregrine thistle

Carduus cymosus

authorship: Greene

Cirsium botrys

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium canovirens

authorship: Rydb.

codes: CAL IDA MNT NEV ORE WYO

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Argynnis callippe liliana
Parnassius clodius
Bombus fervidus
Bombus insularis

partners:
Anastrangalia laetifica
Brachysomida californica

authors: (Greene) J.T.Howell

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 37


slug: cirsium-discolor

scientific: Cirsium discolor

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.

epithet: discolor

preferred: field thistle

Carduus discolor

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.

Cirsium altissimum f. discolor

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Voss

Cnicus altissimus f. albiflora

authorship: Britton

Cnicus altissimus var. discolor

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) A.Gray

Cnicus discolor

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NEB NWH NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Andrena spiraeana
Anthocomus erichsoni
Apallates coxendix
Apis mellifera
Atrytone delaware
Augochlorella aurata
Augochlorella persimilis

partners:
Bombus auricomus
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus borealis
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus rufocinctus
Danaus plexippus

quote: Field thistle is a native biennial or short lived perennial (monocarpic) thistle

quote: The lavender pink to light pink, or rarely white flower heads are about 2 inches across

quote: Field thistle can be found blooming from late summer to fall, with individual plants bloom for about a month.


slug: cirsium-dissectum

scientific: Cirsium dissectum

authorship: (L.) Hill

epithet: dissectum

published_in: Hort. Kew. : 63

Carduus anglicus

authorship: Lam.

Carduus cirsium

authorship: Mill.

Carduus dissectus

authorship: Vill.

authorship: L.

Carduus pratensis

authorship: Huds.

Carduus semipinnatus

authorship: Desf. ex Steud.

Cirsium anglicum

authorship: DC.

Cirsium pratense

authorship: Druce

Cirsium tuberosum subsp. anglicum

authorship: (Lam.) Bonnier

authorship: (Lam.) Braun-Blanq. & al.

Cnicus dentatus

authorship: Willd.

Cnicus spurius

authorship: Hoffm.

codes: BGM FRA GER GRB IRE NET NOR

Belgium

code: BGM

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Ireland

code: IRE

Netherlands

code: NET

Norway

code: NOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 209 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк рассечённый

names:
Cirse anglais
Cirse d'Angleterre

names:
engelsk tistel
engelsktistel

names:
Ysgall y Ddôl
Ysgallen Gorswaun

names:
engelsktistel
engelsk tistel

partners:
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus vestalis
Bombus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis

partners:
Bombus jonellus
Bombus lucorum

partners:
Chaetostomella cylindrica
Euclidia glyphica
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Papilio machaon
Phytomyza autumnalis
Pieris brassicae
Terellia ruficauda
Volucella bombylans

partners:
Hemiptarsenus unguicellus
Puccinia calcitrapae
Puccinia dioicae var. dioicae

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-douglasii

scientific: Cirsium douglasii

epithet: douglasii

preferred: Douglas' thistle

Carduus breweri

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Cirsium breweri

authorship: (A.Gray) Jeps.

Cirsium breweri var. canescens

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium douglasii var. canescens

authorship: (Petr.) J.T.Howell

codes: CAL NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 192 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Battus philenor hirsuta
Hemaris thetis
Ochlodes agricola
Zerene eurydice
Bombus bifarius
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavidus
Bombus flavifrons

partners:
Battus philenor hirsuta
Bombus caliginosus
Eresia aveyrona mylitta
Hemaris thetis
Lon melane
Ochlodes agricola
Ochlodes sylvanoides
Pyrobombus

authors: DC.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: cirsium-drummondii

scientific: Cirsium drummondii

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: drummondii

preferred: dwarf thistle

Carduus drummondii

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene

authorship: Coville

Carduus pumilus

authorship: Hook.

Cirsium coccinatum

authorship: Osterh.

codes: ABT BRC COL MAN NWT ONT SAS SDA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Manitoba

code: MAN

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

region: Subarctic America

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 352 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dwarf thistle
Drummond's thistle

authors: Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2: 459

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cirsium-eatonii

scientific: Cirsium eatonii

authorship: (A.Gray) B.L.Rob.

epithet: eatonii

preferred: Eaton's thistle

Carduus hesperius

authorship: (Eastw.) A.Heller

Carduus hookerianus var. eriocephalus

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Nelson

Carduus polyphyllus

authorship: Rydb.

Carduus scopulorum

authorship: Greene

Cirsium hesperium

authorship: (Eastw.) Rydb.

Cirsium murdockii

authorship: (S.L.Welsh) Cronquist

Cirsium polyphyllum

authorship: (Rydb.) Petr.

authorship: (Rydb.) Rydb.

Cirsium scopulorum

authorship: (Greene) Cockerell ex Daniels

authorship: (Greene) Cockerell

Cnicus hesperius

authorship: Eastw.

codes: COL IDA MNT NEV NWM ORE UTA WYO

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Eaton's thistle
mountaintop thistle

partners:
Cynthia cardui
Bombus centralis
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus frigidus
Bombus kirbiellus
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus mixtus

partners:
Aglais milberti
Bombus appositus
Bombus flavifrons

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cirsium-echinus

scientific: Cirsium echinus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz.

epithet: echinus

published_in: Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. xxiii. 197 (1909)

Cirsium echinus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Sch.Bip.

Echenais nutans

authorship: Cass.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR TUE

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 174 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 23: 197

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-edule

scientific: Cirsium edule

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: edule

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 420 (1841)

preferred: edible thistle

Cirsium macounii

authorship: (Greene) Rydb.

codes: ASK BRC ORE WAS

Alaska

code: ASK

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1484 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
edible thistle
Hall's thistle

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus sitkensis
Anthophora terminalis
Anthophora urbana
Bombus appositus
Bombus flavidus
Bombus flavifrons

partners:
Bombus appositus
Bombus flavidus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus insularis
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus sitkensis

partners:
Lunaceps haematopi
Parnassius clodius

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 420

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: cirsium-ehrenbergii

scientific: Cirsium ehrenbergii

epithet: ehrenbergii

published_in: Bot. Voy. Herald: 312 (1856)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 838 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cardo santo
Flor de cardo

partners:
Bombus ephippiatus
Bombus huntii
Cynanthus latirostris
Danaus plexippus plexippus
Papilionoidea
Selasphorus platycercus


slug: cirsium-engelmannii

scientific: Cirsium engelmannii

epithet: engelmannii

preferred: Engelmann's thistle

Cirsium altissimum var. filipendulum

authorship: (Engelm.) A.Gray

Cirsium bulbosum

authorship: Willk.

Cirsium filipendulum

authorship: Engelm.

Cirsium terrae-nigrae

authorship: Shinners

Cirsium turbinatum

authorship: Gillot

codes: LOU OKL TEX

Louisiana

code: LOU

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 293 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Harmonia axyridis
Homalodisca vitripennis
Leptoglossus phyllopus

authors: Rydb.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-erisithales

scientific: Cirsium erisithales

authorship: (Jacq.) Scop.

epithet: erisithales

published_in: Annus Hist.-Nat. 2: 62. 1769

Carduus erisithales

authorship: Jacq.

Carduus hybridus

authorship: Steud.

Carduus ochroleucus

authorship: Pers.

Cirsium scopolianum

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Nyman

codes: ALB AUT BLR CZE FRA HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1994 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк клейкий

names:
Kleb-Kratzdistel
Klebrige Kratzdistel

names:
Cirse glutineux
Cirse érisithale

names: Осот клейкий

names:
ysgallen felen
Ysgall Melyn

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea

partners:
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena nigroolivacea
Aporia crataegi
Araschnia levana
Bombus humilis
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Adelphocoris detritus
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana
Agonopterix arenella

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: cirsium-esculentum

scientific: Cirsium esculentum

authorship: (Siev.) C.A.Mey.

epithet: esculentum

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 6: 42 (1849)

preferred: Ground Thistle

Cirsium acaule

authorship: Ledeb.

Cirsium acaule subsp. esculentum

authorship: (Siev.) Werner

Cirsium acaule var. gmelinii

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) C.A.Mey.

Cirsium esculentum var. acaulie

authorship: Trautv.

Cirsium rhodo-leucanthum

authorship: Walp.

Cnicus esculentus

authorship: Siev.

Cnicus gmelinii

authorship: Spreng.

codes: ALT CHN CHI KAZ KGZ KRA CHM MON NCS TZK TCS TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX RUC RUE RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1487 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк съедобный

names: Осот їстівний


slug: cirsium-ferum

scientific: Cirsium ferum

authorship: Kitam.

epithet: ferum

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 149 (1932)

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鱗毛薊 台湾野蓟

authors: Kitam.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(2): 149

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-filipendulum

scientific: Cirsium filipendulum

authorship: Lange

epithet: filipendulum

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn (1861) 92.

Cirsium aggregatum

authorship: Merino

name: Cirsium filipendulinum subsp. filipendulinum

Cirsium filipendulum subsp. grumosum

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Franco

Cirsium grumosum

authorship: Willk. & Lange

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Nyman

Cirsium tuberosum subsp. filipendulum

authorship: (Lange) Braun-Blanq. & al.

authorship: (Lange) Bonnier

Cnicus grumosus

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

codes: FRA POR SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 223 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Amegilla
Bombus sp.
Bombus terrestris
Coleoptera
Euphydryas aurinia
Halictus sp.
Hemiptera

authors: Lange

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1861(1-7): 92


slug: cirsium-flodmanii

scientific: Cirsium flodmanii

authorship: Arthur

epithet: flodmanii

preferred: Flodman's thistle

Carduus flodmanii

authorship: Rydb.

Cirsium flodmanii f. oblanceolatum

authorship: (Rydb.) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard

Cirsium nebraskense var. discissum

authorship: Lunell

codes: ABT COL ILL IOW KAN MAN MIC MIN MNT NEB NDA ONT QUE SAS SDA WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 859 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Flodman's thistle
Flodman’s thistle

partners:
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus huntii
Bombus rufocinctus
Atrytone delaware
Bombus appositus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus borealis


slug: cirsium-foliosum

scientific: Cirsium foliosum

authorship: DC.

epithet: foliosum

preferred: elk thistle

Carduus foliosus

authorship: Hook.

Cirsium foliosum var. minganense

authorship: (Vict.) B.Boivin

codes: ABT BRC NWT WYO YUK

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
elk thistle
Drummond's thistle

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus huntii

label: Growth form

value: Single Crown

label: Growth rate

value: rapid

label: Foliage colour

value: green

label: Flower colour

value: white

label: Bloom period

value: Late Spring

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-fontinale

scientific: Cirsium fontinale

authorship: Jeps.

epithet: fontinale

preferred: fountain thistle

Carduus fontinalis

authorship: Greene

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Eaten by

label: Growth habit

value: herb

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

value: perennial

authors: Jeps.

published_in: Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 505


slug: cirsium-funkiae

scientific: Cirsium funkiae

authorship: Ackerf.

epithet: funkiae

published_in: Capitulum 1(2): 8, figs. 3-4, 6, photogrs.. 2022

Colorado

code: COL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 301 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Funk's thistle
funky thistle

authors: Ackerf.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-griseum

scientific: Cirsium griseum

epithet: griseum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 284 (1913)

Cirsium botryodes

authorship: Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.

Cirsium yunnanense

authorship: Petr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 284

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: cirsium-helenioides

scientific: Cirsium helenioides

authorship: (L.) Hill

epithet: helenioides

published_in: Hort. Kew. : 64

preferred: melancholy thistle

Carduus helenioides

authorship: L.

Cirsium helenioides

authorship: All.

Cirsium helenioides var. altaicum

authorship: Lomon.

Cirsium heterophylloides

authorship: Pavlov

Cirsium heterophyllum subsp. angarense

authorship: Popov

Cirsium inuloides

authorship: Rchb.

Cnicus helenioides

authorship: (L.) Retz.

authorship: (L.) Willd.

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX RUE RUN

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

names:
Cirse helenie
Cirse hélénie

names: Hästkastanj Krusbär

names: Hestekastanie Stikkelsbær

names: huopaohdake Karviainen

names: Hestekastanje Stikkelsbær

names: alitdiehpperássi bajanrássi

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens

value: woody

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Life cycle


slug: cirsium-heterophyllum

scientific: Cirsium heterophyllum

epithet: heterophyllum

published_in: Hort. Kew. 64; All. Fl. Pedem. i. 152

preferred: Melancholy Thistle

Carduus ambiguus

authorship: Pers.

Carduus autareticus

authorship: Vill.

Carduus hastatus

authorship: Lam.

Carduus helenifolius

authorship: Salisb.

Carduus polymorphus

authorship: Lapeyr.

Cirsium autareticum

authorship: Mutel

Cirsium carolorum

authorship: C.Jenner ex Nyman

Cirsium hastatum

authorship: Thell. ex Schinz

name: Cirsium heterophyllum subsp. heterophyllum

name: Cirsium heterophyllum var. heterophyllum

Cnicus ambiguus

authorship: Loisel.

Cynara diversifolia

authorship: Stokes

codes: ALT BRY CTA IRK KRA MON NCS TVA WSB YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB IRE ITA YUG RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR GNL

Chita

code: CTA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2031 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк разнолистный

names:
Cirse à feuilles variables
Cirse fausse Hélénie

names: Осот різнолистий

partners:
Anthomyiidae
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus bohemicus
Bombus confusus
Bombus distinguendus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus inexspectatus

partners:
Bombus hortorum
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Volucella bombylans
Anthomyia
Apis mellifera

partners:
Brachycaudus cardui
Calyciphora albodactylus
Chaetostomella cylindrica
Chorebus
Dapsilarthra sylvia
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Philaenus spumarius
Phytomyza albiceps

partners:
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Puccinia calcitrapae
Puccinia cnici-oleracei


slug: cirsium-hookerianum

scientific: Cirsium hookerianum

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: hookerianum

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 418 (1841)

preferred: white thistle

Carduus kelseyi

authorship: Rydb.

codes: ABT BRC IDA MNT WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1090 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
white thistle
Hooker's thistle

partners:
Andrena crataegi
Andronicus
Anthophora terminalis
Bombus appositus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis
Bombus fernaldae
Bombus huntii

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus appositus
Bombus insularis
Andrena crataegi
Anthophora terminalis
Bombus nevadensis
Bombus centralis
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus huntii

label: Visited by

partners:
Bombus appositus
Terellia occidentalis

partners:
Autographa californica
Cosmosalia chrysocoma

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 418


slug: cirsium-horridulum

scientific: Cirsium horridulum

authorship: Michx.

epithet: horridulum

preferred: bristle thistle

english:
bristle thistle
yellow thistle

Carduus horridulus

authorship: (Michx.) Pers.

Carduus pinetorum

authorship: Small

Carduus smallii

authorship: (Britton) H.E.Ahles

Carduus spinosissimus

authorship: Walter

Carduus spinosissimus var. elliottii

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Porter

Cirsium horridulum f. elliottii

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Fernald

Cirsium horridulum subsp. chrismarii

authorship: (Petr.) Petr.

Cirsium horridulum subsp. megacephalum

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium horridulum var. elliottii

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Cirsium horridulum var. vittatum

authorship: (Small) R.W.Long

Cirsium smallii

authorship: Britton

Cnicus chrismarii

authorship: Klatt

Cnicus horridulus

authorship: (Michx.) Pursh

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO LOU MAI MRY MAS MXC MXE MXT MXS MSI NWH NWJ NWY NCA OKL PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG BAH BLZ GUA HON

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1965 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Acanthocephala femorata
Acmaeodera pulchella
Agapostemon splendens
Agapostemon virescens

partners:
Acanthocephala femorata
Anthophora abrupta
Apis mellifera
Armadillidium vulgare
Asbolis capucinus
Atalopedes huron
Atrytonopsis loammi
Bombus bimaculatus

partners:
Calephelis virginiensis
Agapostemon virescens
Atalopedes huron
Atrytonopsis loammi
Batyle ignicollis australis
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis


slug: cirsium-inamoenum

scientific: Cirsium inamoenum

authorship: (Greene) D.J.Keil

epithet: inamoenum

Carduus inamoenus

authorship: Greene

Cirsium davisii

authorship: Cronquist

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

authors: (Greene) D.J.Keil

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: cirsium-italicum

scientific: Cirsium italicum

authorship: DC.

epithet: italicum

published_in: Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. : 96 (1813)

Carduus italicus

authorship: Savi

Carduus samniticus

authorship: Ten.

Carduus spinosissimus

authorship: Gerbi

name: Carduus spinosissimus var. spinosissimus

Cirsium samniticum

authorship: Steud.

Epitrachys vulgaris

authorship: (Savi) K.Koch

Eriolepis italica

authorship: Cass.

codes: EAI TUR ALB BUL COR FRA GRC ITA SAR SIC TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

label: Life form

value: biennial

published_in: Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 96

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cirsium-japonicum

scientific: Cirsium japonicum

epithet: japonicum

preferred: Japanese thistle

Alfredia japonica

authorship: Miq.

Carduus eriophorus

authorship: Thunb.

Carduus japonicus

authorship: Franch.

Cirsium asperum

authorship: Nakai

Cirsium belingshanicum

authorship: Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.

Cirsium bodinieri

authorship: (Vaniot) H.Lév.

Cirsium diabolicum

authorship: Kitam.

Cirsium hainanense

authorship: Masam.

Cirsium japonicum f. albiflorum

authorship: Akasawa

Cirsium japonicum f. fukienense

authorship: (Kitam.) Kitam.

Cirsium japonicum f. nakaianum

authorship: (H.Lév. & Vaniot) W.Lee

Cirsium japonicum subsp. maackii

authorship: (Maxim.) Nakai

Cirsium japonicum var. ibukiense

authorship: (Nakai) Nakai ex Kitam.

Cirsium japonicum var. intermedium

authorship: (Maxim.) Matsum.

Cirsium japonicum var. kiusianum

authorship: (Nakai) Nemoto

Cirsium japonicum var. maackii

authorship: Maxim.

Cirsium japonicum var. okiense

authorship: H.Koyama & Murata

Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense

authorship: (Regel) Kitam. ex Ohwi

Cirsium japonicum var. villosum

authorship: Kadota

Cirsium litorale var. ussuriense

authorship: Regel

Cirsium maackii f. albiflorum

authorship: W.Wang & C.Y.Li

Cirsium maackii f. koraiensis

authorship: (Nakai) Nakai

Cirsium nakaianum

authorship: (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai

Cnicus bodinieri

authorship: Vaniot

Cnicus japonicus var. maackii

authorship: (Maxim.) Maxim.

Cnicus nakaianus

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM CHQ TAI VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Taiwan

code: TAI

Vietnam

code: VIE

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 629 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Japanese thistle
East Asian thistle, Japanese thistle

names: Бодяк японский

partners:
Baris dispilota
Betasyrphus serarius
Bombus diversus
Bombus diversus diversus
Bombus ignitus
Ceratina flavipes
Ceratina japonica
Eristalis cerealis

partners:
Bombus sonani
Pieris canidia
Amegilla urens
Bombus
Bombus ignitus
Fabriciana adippe vorax
Lasioglossum sibiriacum
Lasiotrichius succinctus

partners:
Melitaea scotosia
Papilio machaon
Papilio xuthus
Plebejus argus


slug: cirsium-kamtschaticum

scientific: Cirsium kamtschaticum

authorship: Ledeb. ex DC.

epithet: kamtschaticum

preferred: Kamchatka thistle

Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. boreale

authorship: (Kitam.) Kitam.

name: Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. kamtschaticum

Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. weyrichii

authorship: (Maxim.) Vorosch.

Cirsium kamtschaticum var. alpinum

authorship: (Koidz. ex Kitam.) T.Shimizu & New Alp.Fl.Jap.

Cirsium kamtschaticum var. boreale

authorship: (Kitam.) Tatew.

name: Cirsium kamtschaticum var. kamtschaticum

Cirsium kamtschaticum var. weyrichii

authorship: (Maxim.) Herder

Cirsium pectinellum var. alpinum

authorship: Koidz. ex Kitam.

codes: JAP KAM KUR SAK ALU

Japan

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

region: Subarctic America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 618 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк камчатский

label: Height

value: 2 m

label: Flowering months

authors: Ledeb. ex DC.


slug: cirsium-lecontei

scientific: Cirsium lecontei

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: lecontei

preferred: Le Conte's thistle

Aplotaxis pungens

authorship: DC.

Carduus lecontei

authorship: Pollard

Cirsium virginianum

authorship: Hook.

Cnicus virginianus

authorship: Pursh

codes: ALA FLA LOU MSI NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Cecropterus bathyllus
Papilio palamedes

partners:
Papilio palamedes
Trigonopeltastes delta

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2: 458


slug: cirsium-ligulare

scientific: Cirsium ligulare

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: ligulare

Carduus armatus

authorship: Steud.

Cirsium albanum

authorship: Wettst.

Cirsium armatum

authorship: Velen.

Cirsium ligulare subsp. montenegrinum

authorship: Petr.

Cirsium ligulare subsp. paucidantatum

authorship: (Post) Petr.

Cirsium odontolepis var. paucidentata

authorship: Post

Cirsium pelii

authorship: Formánek

codes: TUR ALB BUL GRC YUG

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Orient. 3: 529


slug: cirsium-lineare

scientific: Cirsium lineare

authorship: (Thunb.) Sch.Bip.

epithet: lineare

Carduus linearis

authorship: Thunb.

Cirsium chinense

authorship: Gardner & Champ.

Cirsium chinense var. laushanense

authorship: (Yabe) Kitam.

Cirsium laushanense

authorship: Yabe

Cirsium lineare f. albidum

authorship: Kitam.

Cirsium lineare f. foliosum

authorship: Nakai

Cirsium lineare f. oreithales

authorship: (Hance) H.Koyama

Cirsium lineare var. pallidum

authorship: (Kitam.) Ling

Cirsium lineare var. tchefouense

authorship: (Debeaux) Ling

Cirsium lineare var. tsoongianum

authorship: (Ling) Ling

Cirsium manshuricum

authorship: Kitag.

Cirsium oreithales

authorship: Hance ex Walp.

Cirsium tchefouense

authorship: Debeaux

Cirsium uninervium var. laushanense

authorship: (Yabe) Kitag.

Cirsium vlassovianum var. lineare

authorship: (Thunb.) C.Y.Li

Cnicus chinensis

authorship: (Gardner & Champ.) Benth.

Cnicus linearis

authorship: (Thunb.) Benth.

authorship: (Thunb.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.

Spanioptilon lineare

authorship: (Thunb.) Less.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KOR CHM TAI ASS MYA THA VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

Thailand

code: THA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 湖北蓟 线叶蓟

value: 1 m


slug: cirsium-maritimum

scientific: Cirsium maritimum

authorship: Makino

epithet: maritimum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: hama-azami ハマアザミ

authors: Makino

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 249

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-mexicanum

scientific: Cirsium mexicanum

authorship: DC.

epithet: mexicanum

preferred: Mexican thistle

Carduus mexicanus

authorship: Moric. ex DC.

Cirsium costaricense

authorship: (Pol.) Petr.

Cirsium costaricensis

authorship: Klatt ex T.Durand & Piit.

Cirsium mexicanum var. bracteatum

authorship: Petr.

Cnicus costaricensis

authorship: Pol.

Cnicus mexicanus

authorship: (DC.) Hemsl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 320 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cardosanto
cardosanto macho

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: annual


slug: cirsium-mohavense

scientific: Cirsium mohavense

authorship: (Greene) Petr.

epithet: mohavense

preferred: Mojave thistle

Carduus mohavensis

authorship: Greene

Cirsium mohavense

authorship: Davidson & Moxley

codes: ARI CAL MXN NEV UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 565 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mojave thistle
Rusby's thistle

partners:
Apis mellifera
Calypte costae
Danaus gilippus
Danaus plexippus
Hylephila phyleus
Papilio indra
Xylocopa californica arizonensis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Phidippus ardens
Tibicinoides vanduzeei

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Danaus plexippus

authors: (Greene) Petr.

published_in: Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68


slug: cirsium-monspessulanum

scientific: Cirsium monspessulanum

authorship: Hill.

epithet: monspessulanum

published_in: Hort. Kew. 63

Carduus monspessulanus

authorship: L.

Carduus montanus

authorship: Pers.

Cirsium bulbosum

authorship: Lam.

Cirsium monspessulanum var. ferox

authorship: Coss.

Cirsium monspessulanum var. laxum

authorship: Rouy

name: Cirsium monspessulanum var. monspessulanum

Cirsium montanum

authorship: Bubani

Cirsium paniculatum

authorship: Porta

Cnicus monspessulanus

authorship: (L.) Roth

codes: FRA ITA POR SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 259 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк монпелийский

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena pellucens
Aporia crataegi
Araschnia levana
Asilus
Halictus carinthiacus
Hylaeus annulatus
Hylaeus bifasciatus

partners:
Aglais io
Aphantopus hyperantus
Aporia crataegi
Cassida vibex
Eristalis pertinax
Gonepteryx rhamni
Hadrodemus m-flavum
Halictus scabiosae

partners:
Adelphocoris detritus
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana
Agonopterix arenella
Agonopterix carduella

value: Jun-Aug

authors: Hill.

published_in: Hort. Kew. ed. 1: 63


slug: cirsium-morii

scientific: Cirsium morii

authorship: Hayata

epithet: morii

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8: 70 (1919)

Taiwan

code: TAI

names: 森氏薊 羽冠蓟

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8: 70

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-muticum

scientific: Cirsium muticum

authorship: Michx.

epithet: muticum

preferred: swamp thistle

Carduus muticus var. albiflorus

authorship: Farw.

Carduus muticus var. subpinnatifidus

authorship: Britton

Cirsium bigelowii

authorship: DC.

Cirsium muticum f. lactiflorum

authorship: Fernald

Cirsium muticum f. monticola

authorship: (Fernald) B.Boivin

Cnicus glaber

authorship: Nutt.

Cnicus glutinosus

authorship: Bigelow

Cnicus muticus

authorship: (Michx.) Pursh

authorship: Elliott

Cnicus muticus var. alpicola

authorship: Britton & A.Br.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LAB LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Atalopedes huron
Bombus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus borealis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus flavidus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vagans
Diabrotica barberi
Entylia carinata
Harmonia axyridis
Megachile montivaga

partners:
Aphis fabae
Augochlora pura
Bombus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Cassida rubiginosa
Coenonympha california


slug: cirsium-neomexicanum

scientific: Cirsium neomexicanum

epithet: neomexicanum

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 101 (1853)

preferred: New Mexico thistle

Carduus neomexicanus

authorship: Greene

Cirsium humboldtense

authorship: Rydb.

Cirsium neomexicanum subsp. bakeri

authorship: Petr.

name: Cirsium neomexicanum subsp. neomexicanum

Cirsium neomexicanum var. utahense

authorship: (Petr.) S.L.Welsh

codes: ARI CAL COL MXE MXN NEV NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1959 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
New Mexico thistle
Utah thistle

partners:
Acmaeodera hepburnii
Anthophora urbana
Apis mellifera
Battus philenor
Bombus centralis
Calypte costae
Danaus plexippus
Halictus tripartitus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Thyanta accerra

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus sonorus
Danaus plexippus
Halictus ligatus
Hippodamia convergens
Melissodes

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 101


slug: cirsium-nivale

scientific: Cirsium nivale

epithet: nivale

Cnicus nivalis

authorship: Kunth

codes: MXC MXG MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 187 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus ephippiatus
Bombus huntii
Bombus weisi
Vanessa virginiensis

authors: (Kunth) Sch.Bip.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Herald 7-8: 312


slug: cirsium-nuttallii

scientific: Cirsium nuttallii

epithet: nuttallii

preferred: Nuttall's thistle

source: usda

Carduus virginianus

authorship: Bosc ex DC.

Cnicus nuttallii

authorship: (DC.) A.Gray

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1996 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Agapostemon splendens
Asbolis capucinus
Ascia monuste
Atrytone arogos arogos
Atrytone delaware
Atrytonopsis loammi
Battus philenor

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Ammophila procera
Battus philenor
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Camponotus planatus
Dasymutilla quadriguttata
Dielis dorsata

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Dielis dorsata
Dielis plumipes
Euglossa dilemma
Hedone vibex
Nemognatha piazata
Papilio palamedes

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CINU

license: public domain


slug: cirsium-oaxacanum

scientific: Cirsium oaxacanum

epithet: oaxacanum

published_in: ine

published_in: Phytoneuron 2022-36: 1

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-obvallatum-m-bieb-m-bieb

scientific: Cirsium obvallatum

authorship: (M.Bieb.) M.Bieb.

epithet: obvallatum

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 559. [Dec 1819 or early 1820]

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 484 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк окутанный

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 559

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-obvallatum-m-bieb-fisch

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Fisch.

Carduus obvallatus

authorship: Steud.

names: Бодяк окутанный

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: cirsium-occidentale

scientific: Cirsium occidentale

authorship: (Nutt.) Jeps.

epithet: occidentale

preferred: Cobwebby Thistle

english:
Cobwebby Thistle
cobwebby thistle

Cirsium bernardinum

authorship: Davidson & Moxley

name: Cirsium californicum subsp. californicum

Cirsium coulteri

authorship: Jeps.

name: Cirsium occidentale subsp. candidissimum

name: Cirsium occidentale subsp. eu-occidentale

Cnicus occidentalis

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Gray

codes: CAL MXN NEV ORE

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2008 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cobwebby thistle
cobweb thistle

names: Бодяк западный

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Acmaeodera linsleyi
Anthophora urbana
Apis mellifera
Argynnis coronis
Argynnis coronis semiramis
Atalopedes campestris

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Ageleninae
Anthidium illustre
Bombus melanopygus
Coccinella californica
Cotinis mutabilis
Cycloneda sanguinea
Dielis tolteca

partners:
Anthophora bomboides
Apis mellifera
Battus philenor hirsuta
Bombus
Bombus californicus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii

authors: (Nutt.) Jeps.

published_in: Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 509

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cirsium-ochrocentrum

scientific: Cirsium ochrocentrum

epithet: ochrocentrum

preferred: yellowspine thistle

Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. martinii

authorship: Barlow-Irick

codes: CAL COL KAN MXE NEB NWM OKL SDA TEX UTA WYO

Kansas

code: KAN

Nebraska

code: NEB

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 495 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellowspine thistle
yellow-spine thistle

partners:
Atrytone arogos
Atrytone delaware
Colias eurytheme
Danaus plexippus
Hesperia ottoe
Hesperia pahaska
Hesperia uncas
Hesperia viridis

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Dactylotum bicolor
Hyles lineata

partners:
Battus philenor
Papilio multicaudata

published_in: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts n.s., 4: 110

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cirsium-oleraceum

scientific: Cirsium oleraceum

authorship: (L.) Scop.

epithet: oleraceum

preferred: Cabbage Thistle

english:
Cabbage Thistle
cabbage thistle

Carduus acanthifolius

authorship: Lam.

Carduus oleraceus

authorship: (L.) Vill.

Carduus parviflorus

authorship: L.

Carduus rigens

authorship: Godr.

Cirsium braunii

authorship: F.Schultz ex Nyman

Cirsium pallens

authorship: DC.

Cirsium parviflorum

authorship: Schleich. ex Steud.

Cirsium rigens

authorship: (Willd.) Spreng.

Cirsium subalatum

authorship: Gaudin

Cirsium thomasii

authorship: Nägeli

Cirsium variabile

authorship: Moench

Cnicus bracteatus

authorship: Gilib.

Cynara colorata

authorship: Stokes

Onotrophe oleracea

authorship: (L.) Cass.

codes: ALT KAZ WSB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2042 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк огородный

names: Осот городній

names:
Engelsk klockhyacint
Italiensk blåstjärna

partners:
Aglais io
Bombus
Bombus bohemicus
Bombus campestris
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum

partners:
Aglais io
Argynnis paphia
Bombus pascuorum
Episyrphus balteatus
Gonepteryx rhamni
Halictus scabiosae
Macroglossum stellatarum
Oxythyrea funesta

partners:
Actenicerus siaelandicus
Arianta arbustorum
Bombus pascuorum
Carduelis carduelis
Cassida rubiginosa
Cassida vibex
Cicadella viridis
Conocephalus dorsalis

partners:
Aeolothrips intermedius
Agrypnus murinus
Amara aulica
Amara equestris
Amara eurynota
Amara familiaris
Amara montivaga
Amara quenseli

partners:
Pronotalia carlinarum
Pteromalus elevatus
Pteromalus intermedius
Puccinia calcitrapae
Puccinia cnici-oleracei
Puccinia dioicae var. dioicae


slug: cirsium-oligophyllum-franch-sav-matsum

scientific: Cirsium oligophyllum

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.

epithet: oligophyllum

published_in: (1895). Enum. Sci. Names

Cirsium autumnale

authorship: Kitam.

Cirsium japonicum subsp. nikkoense

authorship: (Nakai ex Matsum. & Koidz.) Nakai

Cirsium japonicum var. obvallatum

authorship: Nakai

Cirsium nikkoense

authorship: Nakai ex Matsum. & Koidz.

Cirsium tanakae f. obvallatum

authorship: (Nakai) Makino

Cirsium tanakae var. nikkoense

authorship: (Nakai ex Matsum. & Koidz.) Ohwi

Cirsium tanakae var. niveum

authorship: (Kitam.) Ohwi

Cnicus oligophyllus

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Matsum.

published_in: Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2 82


slug: cirsium-oligophyllum-matsum

authorship: Matsum.

published_in: Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2 82. 1895

name: Cirsium oligophyllum subsp. oligophyllum

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia


slug: cirsium-palustre

scientific: Cirsium palustre

authorship: (L.) Scop.

epithet: palustre

preferred: Marsh Thistle

english:
Marsh Thistle
marsh thistle

Carduus chailletii

authorship: Godr.

Carduus laciniatus

authorship: Lam.

Carduus palustris

authorship: L.

Cirsium forsteri

authorship: Loudon

Cirsium horridum

authorship: (Posp.) Trotter

Cirsium kochianum

authorship: Loehr

Cirsium laciniatum

authorship: Doell ex Nyman

Cirsium lacteum

authorship: Schleich.

authorship: Schleich. ex W.Koch

Cirsium palatinum

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Nyman

Cirsium palustre f. horridum

authorship: Posp.

Cirsium palustriforme

authorship: Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Cirsium parviflorum

authorship: Lange ex Nyman

Cirsium pseudopalustre

authorship: Schur

Cirsium semidecurrens

authorship: Klett & Richt.

Cnicus forsteri

authorship: Sm.

Cnicus palustris

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Cynara palustris

authorship: (L.) Stokes

codes: ALT KAZ WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB HUN IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Finland

code: FIN

Føroyar

code: FOR

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1972 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cirse des marais
Cirse des marais, Bâton-du-diable

partners:
Bombus
Aphantopus hyperantus
Apis mellifera
Argynnis aglaja
Bombus bohemicus
Bombus campestris
Bombus distinguendus
Bombus flavidus

partners:
Eristalis intricaria
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus barbutellus
Bombus bohemicus
Bombus humilis
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus jonellus

partners:
Chaetostomella cylindrica
Cheilosia albipila
Cheilosia fraterna
Cheilosia grossa
Cheilosia proxima
Lema cyanella
Phytomyza albiceps
Phytomyza autumnalis

partners:
Puccinia calcitrapae
Puccinia cnici-oleracei
Botryosporium pulchrum
Bremia lactucae
Erysiphe mayorii
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Puccinia dioicae var. dioicae
Pustula spinulosa


slug: cirsium-pannonicum

scientific: Cirsium pannonicum

authorship: (L.f.) Link

epithet: pannonicum

published_in: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 301 (1822)

Carduus serratuloides

authorship: Jacq.

Cirsium dollinerii

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Hausm.

Cirsium serratuloides

authorship: Scop.

Cirsium zugazae

authorship: Losa & P.Monts.

Cnicus asiaticus

authorship: Siev.

Cnicus pannonicus

authorship: (L.f.) Host

authorship: (L.f.) Vest

codes: AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA SWI UKR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 345 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк венгерский

names: Осот паннонський

partners:
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens

partners:
Melanargia galathea
Thymelicus lineola
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens

partners:
Adelphocoris detritus
Aethes cnicana
Agapanthia cardui
Agapanthia dahlii
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agapeta hamana
Agonopterix arenella
Agonopterix carduella

published_in: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 299, no. 3598


slug: cirsium-parryi

scientific: Cirsium parryi

authorship: Petr.

epithet: parryi

preferred: Parry's Thistle

english:
Parry's Thistle
Parry's thistle

Carduus gilensis

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

Carduus parryi

authorship: Greene

Cirsium parryi subsp. mogollonicum

authorship: Schaack & Goodwin

codes: ARI COL NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 379 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Parry's Thistle
Cloudcroft Thistle

partners:
Cynthia cardui
Danaus plexippus
Apis mellifera

partners:
Hippodamia convergens
Misumena vatia
Phalangium opilio

partners:
Adejeania vexatrix
Apis mellifera
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Speyeria atlantis hesperis
Speyeria mormonia

authors: Petr.

published_in: Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68


slug: cirsium-pendulum

scientific: Cirsium pendulum

authorship: Fisch. ex DC.

epithet: pendulum

Cirsium falcatum

authorship: Turcz. ex DC.

authorship: Turcz.

Cirsium hilgendorfii

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Makino

Cirsium pendulum var. albiflorum

authorship: Makino

Cirsium provosti

authorship: (Franch.) Petr.

Cnicus helgendorfii

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Cnicus pendulus

authorship: (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim.

Cnicus provosti

authorship: Franch.

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KHA KOR CHM MON PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 193 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бодяк повислый

value: 3 m

value: Jul-Sep


slug: cirsium-pinetorum

scientific: Cirsium pinetorum

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: pinetorum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 267 (1905)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: Greenm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 267

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-pitcheri

scientific: Cirsium pitcheri

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: pitcheri

preferred: sand dune thistle

Carduus pitcheri

authorship: (Torr. ex Eaton) Porter

authorship: Steud.

Cnicus pitcheri

authorship: Torr. ex Eaton

codes: ILL INI MIC ONT WIS

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Michigan

code: MIC

Ontario

code: ONT

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1989 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sand dune thistle
Pitcher's thistle

partners:
Bombus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus borealis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Colletidae

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Danaus plexippus
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Larinus planus

authors: Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2: 456

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: cirsium-pringlei

scientific: Cirsium pringlei

authorship: Petr.

epithet: pringlei

published_in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 27(2): 238

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cirsium-pubigerum

scientific: Cirsium pubigerum

authorship: DC.

epithet: pubigerum

Cirsium depilatum

authorship: Boiss. & Balansa

Cirsium depilatum var. glomeratum

authorship: Freyn & Sint.

Cirsium elbrusense

authorship: Sommier & Levier

Cirsium hygrophiloides

authorship: Kharadze

Cirsium pubigerum var. glomeratum

authorship: (Freyn & Sint.) P.H.Davis & Parris

Cnicus pubigerus

authorship: Desf.

codes: IRN IRQ NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Iraq

code: IRQ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

value: Aug

authors: DC.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: cirsium-pugnax

scientific: Cirsium pugnax

epithet: pugnax

published_in: Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., ser. 2, 2: 12 (1895)

preferred: Armed Thistle

Carduus horridus

authorship: Adams

Cirsium horridum

authorship: (Adams) Petr.

Cnicus nidulans

authorship: C.Winkl. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.

codes: NCS TCS TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

authors: Sommier & Levier

published_in: Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser. 2, 2: 12


slug: cirsium-pumilum

scientific: Cirsium pumilum

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: pumilum

preferred: pasture thistle

Carduus hillii

authorship: (Canby) Porter

Carduus odoratus

authorship: Muhl.

authorship: Porter

Carduus pumilus

authorship: Nutt.

Cirsium hillii

authorship: Fernald

Cirsium odoratum

authorship: (Barton) Petr.

Cirsium pumilum f. albiflorum

authorship: Scoggan

Cirsium pumilum subsp. hillii

authorship: (Canby) R.J.Moore & Frankton

Cnicus hillii

authorship: Canby

Cnicus odaratus

authorship: Muhl. ex Steud.

Cnicus odoratus

authorship: Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

Cnicus pumilus

authorship: Torr.

codes: CNT DEL ILL INI IOW MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN RHO SCA VER VRG WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 586 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Ageniella accepta
Andrena spiraeana
Anthocomus erichsoni
Brachysomida bivittata
Ceropales robinsonii robinsonii
Coelioxys sayi
Colletes nudus

partners:
Lasioglossum pectorale
Megachile montivaga
Speyeria cybele
Speyeria idalia
Typocerus sinuatus
Agapostemon texanus
Agapostemon virescens
Ageniella accepta