slug: soehrensia-candicans

scientific: Soehrensia candicans

authorship: (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb.

epithet: candicans

Cereus candicans

authorship: Gillies ex Salm-Dyck

Cereus candicans f. courantii

authorship: (K.Schum.) Schelle

Cereus candicans f. gladiatus

authorship: (Lem.) Schelle

Cereus candicans f. robustior

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Schelle

Cereus candicans var. dumesnilianus

authorship: Zeiss.

Cereus candicans var. gladiatus

authorship: (Lem.) K.Schum.

Cereus candicans var. robustior

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Cereus candicans var. tenuispinus

authorship: Pfeiff.

Cereus dumesnilianus

authorship: Haage ex Schumann

authorship: Monv. ex F.A.C.Weber

Cereus gladiatus

authorship: Lem.

Cereus gladiatus var. courantii

authorship: Rümpler

Cereus lamprochlorus var. salinicola

authorship: Speg.

Cereus nitens

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex Otto & A.Dietr.

Echinocactus wangertii

authorship: Labour.

Echinocereus candicans

authorship: (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Rümpler

authorship: (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Lem.

Echinocereus candicans var. tenuispinus

authorship: H.Pfeiff. ex Rümpler

Echinocereus gladiatus

authorship: (Lem.) J.N.Haage

Echinocereus lamprochlorus

authorship: (Lem.) Engelm. ex J.N.Haage

Echinopsis candicans

authorship: (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) D.R.Hunt

Echinopsis candicans var. gladiata

authorship: (Lem.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis candicans var. tenuispina

authorship: (Pfeiff.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis courantii

authorship: (K.Schum.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis dumeliana

authorship: Cels ex Salm-Dyck

Echinopsis dumesniliana

authorship: Cels ex K.Schum.

Echinopsis lamprochlora

authorship: (Lem.) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle

Echinopsis pseudocandicans

authorship: (R.Kiesling) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle

Echinopsis purpureopilosa

authorship: (Weing.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

name: Helianthocereus pseudocandicans var. flaviflorus

name: Helianthocereus pseudocandicans var. roseiflorus

authorship: (Backeb.) Backeb.

Trichocereus candicans

authorship: (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose

name: Trichocereus candicans subsp. pseudocandicans

authorship: Lodé

Trichocereus candicans var. gladiatus

authorship: (Lem.) Y.Itô

Trichocereus candicans var. nitens

authorship: (Salm-Dyck ex Otto & Dietr.) F.Ritter

Trichocereus candicans var. tenuispinus

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Backeb.

Trichocereus courantii

authorship: (K.Schum.) Backeb.

Trichocereus gladiatus

authorship: (Lem.) Backeb.

authorship: Frič

Trichocereus lamprochlorus

authorship: (Lem.) Britton & Rose

Trichocereus purpureopilosa

authorship: Weing.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 669 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: cacto-gigante-argentino cactus

authors: (Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb.


slug: soehrensia-formosa

scientific: Soehrensia formosa

genus: Soehrensia

epithet: formosa

family: Cactaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

name: Acanthocalycium formosanum var. albispinum

authorship: (Weber ex Schelle) Y.Itô

name: Acanthocalycium formosum var. albispinum

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex Schelle) Y.Itô

Acanthocalycium oreopepon

authorship: (Speg.) Backeb.

Echinocactus formosus

authorship: Pfeiff.

Echinocactus formosus var. crassispinus

authorship: Monv. ex Labour.

Echinocactus gilliesii

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Echinonyctanthus formosus

authorship: Lawr.

Echinopsis formosa

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Jacobi ex Salm-Dyck

Echinopsis formosa subsp. kieslingii

authorship: (Rausch) M.Lowry

Echinopsis formosa subsp. korethroides

authorship: (Werderm.) M.Lowry

Echinopsis formosa subsp. randallii

authorship: (Cárdenas) M.Lowry

Echinopsis formosa var. albispina

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex Schelle

Echinopsis formosa var. spinosior

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex Labour.

Echinopsis kieslingii

authorship: (Rausch) Anceschi & Magli

Echinopsis korethroides

authorship: Werderm.

Echinopsis oreopogon

authorship: (Speg.) Werderm.

Echinopsis randallii

authorship: (Cárdenas) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis uebelmanniana

authorship: (Lembcke & Backeb.) A.E.Hoffm.

Eriosyce korethroides

authorship: (Werderm.) Backeb.

Helianthocereus randallii

authorship: (Cárdenas) Backeb.

Lobivia formosa

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Dodds

Lobivia formosa var. kieslingii

authorship: (Rausch) Rausch

Lobivia formosa var. randallii

authorship: (Cárdenas) Rausch

Lobivia formosa var. uebelmanniana

authorship: (Lembcke & Backeb.) Rausch

Lobivia kieslingii

authorship: Rausch

Lobivia korethroides

authorship: (Werderm.) Werderm.

Lobivia oreopepon

authorship: Speg.

Melocactus gilliesii

authorship: Otto

Soehrensia formosa var. maxima

authorship: Backeb.

Soehrensia uebelmanniana

authorship: Lembcke & Backeb.

Trichocereus formosus

authorship: (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter

Trichocereus korethroides

authorship: (Werderm.) F.Ritter

Trichocereus randallii

authorship: Cárdenas

Trichocereus uebelmannianus

authorship: (Lembcke & Backeb.) F.Ritter

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: AGW BOL CLN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Chile North

code: CLN

lifeform: succulent subshrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 307 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

authors: (Pfeiff.) Backeb.

published_in: Cactaceae (Backeberg) 3: 1678

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: soehrensia-huascha

scientific: Soehrensia huascha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Schlumpb.

epithet: huascha

published_in: in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 29: 5. 2013.

Acanthocalycium hyalacanthum

authorship: (Speg.) Backeb.

Cereus andalgalensis

authorship: F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.

Echinopsis huascha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis huascha subsp. robusta

authorship: (Rausch) M.Lowry

Echinopsis huascha var. auricolor

authorship: (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis hyalacantha

authorship: (Speg.) Werderm.

Echinopsis vatteri

authorship: (R.Kiesling) G.D.Rowley

Helianthocereus andalgalensis

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Backeb.

Helianthocereus huascha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.

Helianthocereus huascha var. auricolor

authorship: (Backeb.) Backeb.

name: Helianthocereus huascha var. rubriflorus

name: Helianthocereus pecheretianus var. viridior

Lobivia andalgalensis

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose

Lobivia formosa var. hyalacantha

authorship: (Speg.) Rausch

Lobivia huascha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) W.T.Marshall

Lobivia huascha var. andalgalensis

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Rausch

Lobivia huascha var. calliantha

authorship: (F.Ritter) Rausch

Lobivia huascha var. rubriflora

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) G.D.Rowley

Lobivia shaferi var. flaviflora

authorship: (Speg.) E.Herzog

Salpingolobivia andalgalensis

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Y.Itô

Salpingolobivia huascha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Y.Itô

Trichocereus andalgalensis

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Hosseus

name: Trichocereus andalgalensis var. auricolor

authorship: (Backeb.) F.Ritter

Trichocereus huascha

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose

Trichocereus huascha subsp. robustus

authorship: (Rausch) Guiggi

Trichocereus huascha var. flaviflora

authorship: Hosseus

Trichocereus huascha var. pecheretianus

authorship: (Backeb.) R.Kiesling

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

field: phenology

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: soehrensia-schickendantzii

scientific: Soehrensia schickendantzii

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) Schlumpb.

epithet: schickendantzii

published_in: in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 31. 2012.

Cereus schickendantzii

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.

Echinopsis manguinii

authorship: (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Trichocereus manguinii

authorship: Backeb.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

authors: (F.A.C.Weber) Schlumpb.

published_in: Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 31

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: soehrensia-spachiana

scientific: Soehrensia spachiana

authorship: (Lem.) Schlumpb.

epithet: spachiana

Cereus santiaguensis

authorship: Speg.

Cereus spachianus

authorship: Lem.

Echinocereus spachianus

authorship: (Lem.) Rümpler

Echinopsis santiaguensis

authorship: (Speg.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis spachiana

authorship: (Lem.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Trichocereus santiaguensis

authorship: (Speg.) Backeb.

Trichocereus spachianus

authorship: (Lem.) Riccob.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: AGW BOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 685 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Lem.) Schlumpb.

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: soehrensia-strigosa

scientific: Soehrensia strigosa

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb.

epithet: strigosa

Cereus intricatus

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Cereus myriophyllus

authorship: Gillies ex Otto

Cereus spinibarbis var. flavidus

authorship: Labour.

Cereus strigosus var. intricatus

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.

Echinocereus intricatus

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Sencke ex Haage

Echinocereus strigosus

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Lemaire

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Lem.

Echinocereus strigosus var. rufispinus

authorship: Rümpler

Echinopsis strigosa

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Trichocereus strigosus

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose

Trichocereus strigosus var. longispinus

authorship: (C.A.Maass) Borg

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 176 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: soehrensia-tarijensis

scientific: Soehrensia tarijensis

authorship: (Vaupel) Schlumpb.

epithet: tarijensis

Cereus poco

authorship: Blossf.

Cereus tarijensis

authorship: Vaupel

Echinopsis antezanae

authorship: (Cárdenas) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis bertramiana

authorship: (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis tarijensis

authorship: (Vaupel) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

name: Echinopsis tarijensis subsp. bertramiana

authorship: (Backeb.) M.Lowry

Echinopsis tarijensis subsp. herzogiana

authorship: (Cárdenas) G.Navarro

Helianthocereus antezanae

authorship: (Cárdenas) Backeb.

Helianthocereus bertramianus

authorship: (Backeb.) Backeb.

name: Helianthocereus herzogianus var. totorensis

name: Helianthocereus orurensis var. albiflorus

name: Helianthocereus poco var. sanguiniflorus

authorship: Backeb.

Helianthocereus tarijensis

authorship: (Vaupel) Backeb.

Lobivia formosa subsp. tarijensis

authorship: (Vaupel) Rausch

Lobivia formosa var. bertramiana

authorship: (Backeb.) Rausch

Lobivia formosa var. orurensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) G.D.Rowley

Lobivia formosa var. poco

authorship: (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley

Lobivia formosa var. totorensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) Rausch

Trichocereus antezanae

authorship: Cárdenas

name: Trichocereus herzogianus var. totorensis

Trichocereus tarijensis

authorship: (Vaupel) Werderm.

name: Trichocereus tarijensis var. densispinus

Trichocereus tarijensis var. orurensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) F.Ritter

Trichocereus tarijensis var. poco

authorship: (Backeb.) F.Ritter

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Vaupel) Schlumpb.


slug: soehrensia-volliana

scientific: Soehrensia volliana

authorship: (Backeb.) Schlumpb.

epithet: volliana

Echinopsis taratensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis volliana

authorship: (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Backeb.) Schlumpb.


slug: sohmaea-diffusa

scientific: Sohmaea diffusa

authorship: (DC.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

genus: Sohmaea

epithet: diffusa

family: Fabaceae

Desmodium diffusum

authorship: DC.

Desmodium laxiflorum subsp. parvifolium

authorship: H.Ohashi & T.T.Chen

Desmodium laxiflorum var. formosense

authorship: Ohwi

Meibomia diffusa

authorship: (DC.) Kuntze

codes: CHC CHS TAI BOR EHM LAO MLY MYA NEP NWG PHI THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Borneo

code: BOR

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Malesia

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: 单序拿身草 散花山螞蝗

authors: (DC.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sohmaea-laxiflora

scientific: Sohmaea laxiflora

epithet: laxiflora

Desmodium kibalanka

authorship: Blume ex Miq.

Desmodium lacei

authorship: Schindl.

Desmodium laxiflorum subsp. lacei

authorship: (Schindl.) H.Ohashi

Desmodium macrophyllum

authorship: Desv.

Desmodium recurvatum

authorship: (Roxb.) Wall.

Desmodium rottleri

authorship: (Spreng.) G.Don

Desmodium roxburghii

authorship: Sweet

Desmodium scabrellum

authorship: Zipp. ex Miq.

Hedysarum articulatum

authorship: Roxb.

Hedysarum bicolor

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Hedysarum flaccidum

authorship: Weinm.

Hedysarum latifolium

authorship: Wall.

Hedysarum lineare

authorship: Rottler ex Spreng.

Hedysarum macrophyllum

authorship: Steud.

Hedysarum orbiculatum

authorship: Rottler ex Wight & Arn.

Hedysarum rottleri

authorship: Spreng.

Meibomia rottleri

authorship: (Spreng.) Kuntze

Ototropis recurvatus

authorship: Nees

Sohmaea lacei

authorship: (Schindl.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI AND ASS BAN BOR EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK PHI SUL SUM THA VIE WHM

Hainan

code: CHH

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Maluku

code: MOL

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sulawesi

code: SUL

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sokinochloa-chapelieri

scientific: Sokinochloa chapelieri

authorship: (Munro) S.Dransf.

genus: Sokinochloa

epithet: chapelieri

family: Poaceae

Cephalostachyum chapelieri

authorship: Munro

Madagascar

code: MDG

continent: AFRICA

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: bamboo

climate: wet tropical

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

value: graminoid

value: liana

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: (Munro) S.Dransf.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: sokinochloa-viguieri

scientific: Sokinochloa viguieri

authorship: (A.Camus) S.Dransf.

epithet: viguieri

authors: (A.Camus) S.Dransf.


slug: solandra-longiflora

scientific: Solandra longiflora

authorship: Tussac

genus: Solandra

epithet: longiflora

family: Solanaceae

Solandra grandiflora var. macrantha

authorship: (Dunal) Voss

Solandra laevis

authorship: Hook.

Solandra macrantha

authorship: Dunal

Swartzia longiflora

authorship: (Tussac) Britton & P.Wilson

codes: CUB DOM ECU HAI PER VEN

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Haiti

code: HAI

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: scrambling tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 长花金杯藤 長筒金杯藤

value: shrub

value: vine

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: woody

authors: Tussac

published_in: Fl. Antill. ii. 49. t. 12

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solandra-maxima

scientific: Solandra maxima

authorship: (Sessé & Moc.) P.S.Green

epithet: maxima

preferred: chalice vine

source: usda

Datura maxima

authorship: Sessé & Moc. ex Dunal

Solandra grandiflora var. nitida

authorship: (Zucc.) Voss

Solandra nitida

authorship: Zuccagni

Solandra selerae

authorship: Dammer

Swartzia nitida

authorship: (Zuccagni) Standl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: scrambling shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 651 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cup of gold
golden chalice vine

names:
copa de oro
pera tetona

names: Соландра крупнейшая

names:
Grande solandre
Solandre géant

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (Sessé & Moc.) P.S.Green

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SONI5

license: public domain


slug: solanum-abutiloides

scientific: Solanum abutiloides

authorship: (Griseb.) Bitter & Lillo

genus: Solanum

epithet: abutiloides

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 136 (1913)

Cyphomandra abutiloides

authorship: Griseb.

Solanum hibiscifolium

authorship: Rusby

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 149 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Morelle faux-abutilon, Bringellier marron

partners:
Artibeus planirostris
Sturnira erythromos
Sturnira lilium
Sturnira oporaphilum

label: Height

category: Size

value: 3 m

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: white

label: Flowering months

value: Mar-Jul

label: Fruit type

value: berry

authors: (Griseb.) Bitter & Lillo

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 136


slug: solanum-acaule

scientific: Solanum acaule

authorship: Bitter

epithet: acaule

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 391. 1912.

Solanum acaule f. incuyo

authorship: Ochoa

Solanum acaule subsp. punae

authorship: (Juz.) Hawkes & Hjert.

Solanum acaule var. checcae

authorship: Hawkes

Solanum acaule var. punae

authorship: (Juz.) Hawkes

Solanum depexum

authorship: Juz.

Solanum schreiteri

authorship: Bukasov

Solanum uyunense

authorship: Cárdenas

codes: AGW BOL CLN PER

Chile North

code: CLN

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Alma Papa
Apharu

partners:
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia perspicillata
Chiroderma doriae
Glossophaga soricina
Phyllostomus discolor
Platyrrhinus lineatus
Pygoderma bilabiatum
Sturnira lilium

authors: Bitter

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 391


slug: solanum-acerifolium

scientific: Solanum acerifolium

authorship: Dunal

epithet: acerifolium

Solanum arcuatum

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum hastatum

authorship: Mart. ex Sendtn.

Solanum quinquangulare

authorship: Willd.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS GUA HON NIC PAN PER TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 160 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Sturnira hondurensis
Anoura caudifer
Anoura cultrata
Artibeus amplus
Artibeus bogotensis
Artibeus glaucus
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus

value: subshrub

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-aculeatissimum

scientific: Solanum aculeatissimum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: aculeatissimum

preferred: nightshade

name: Solanum aculeatissimum var. aculeatissimum

name: Solanum aculeatissimum var. hispidissimum

Solanum angustispinosum

authorship: De Wild.

Solanum cavaleriei

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Solanum horridum

authorship: Nocca

authorship: Salisb.

Solanum polyacanthos

authorship: L'Hér. ex Dunal

Solanum reflexum

authorship: Schrank

Solanum stuhlmannii

authorship: Dammer

codes: BZS BZL PAR

Brazil South

code: BZS

Paraguay

code: PAR

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 145 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Apple-Of-Sodom
Devil's apple

names: 喀西茄 茄子

names: Arrebenta-boi Arrebenta-cavalo

names: Паслён острейший

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Alouatta guariba
Didelphis albiventris

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners: Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus-[Y322]

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] 1: 5, t. 41

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SOKH

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-aethiopicum

scientific: Solanum aethiopicum

authorship: L.

epithet: aethiopicum

preferred: Ethiopian nightshade

source: wikidata

Lycopersicon aethiopicum

authorship: (L.) Mill.

Pseudocapsicum torulosum

authorship: Moench

Solanum aethiopicum var. armatum

authorship: Bitter

Solanum aethiopicum var. giorgii

authorship: (De Wild.) Bitter

Solanum aethiopicum var. integrifolium

authorship: (Poir.) O.E.Schulz

Solanum aethiopicum var. paaschenianum

authorship: (H.J.P.Winkl.) Bitter

Solanum aurantium

authorship: Larrañaga

Solanum elaeagnifolium

authorship: Herb.Willdenow ex Steud.

Solanum geminifolium

authorship: Thonn.

Solanum gilo

authorship: Raddi

authorship: Req. ex Dunal

Solanum gilo subsp. monteiroi

authorship: (C.H.Wright) Bitter

Solanum gilo var. pierreanum

authorship: (Pailleux & Bois) Bitter

Solanum integrifolium

authorship: Poir.

Solanum kupperi

authorship: Markgr.

Solanum lobelii

authorship: Ten.

Solanum melongena var. scarlatineum

authorship: Alef.

Solanum naumannii

authorship: Engl.

Solanum obtusifolium

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Solanum olivare

authorship: Pailleux & Bois

Solanum pierreanum

authorship: Paill. & Bois

Solanum scabrum

authorship: Zuccagni

Solanum sudanense

authorship: Hammerstein

Solanum texanum

authorship: hort. ex Ten.

Solanum willdenowii

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum worsleyi

authorship: hort.

codes: ERI ETH

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ethiopian nightshade
Chinese scarlet eggplant

names: 红茄 玩茄

names: gilo jilo

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus sonorus
Nomia tetrazonata
Thoracobombus
Xylocopa augusti
Xylocopa californica arizonensis
Xylocopa pubescens

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Acunomia
Amegilla
Anthophora californica
Apis mellifera
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus sonorus
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Exomalopsis mellipes

partners:
Aegyptobia cassiae
Anthophora californica
Bombus pensylvanicus
Euzophera villora
Gratiana pallidula
Hypocritanus fascipennis
Hypothyris ninonia

partners:
Ceratoneura
Ceratoneura indi
Eurytoma
Pseudotorymus africanus

partners:
African eggplant mosaic virus
African eggplant yellowing virus
Pepper yellow vein Mali virus

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-affine

scientific: Solanum affine

authorship: Sendtn.

epithet: affine

Solanum jatrophifolium

authorship: Dunal

Solanum micans

authorship: Witasek

Solanum platanifolium var. lagoense

authorship: Hiern

codes: BZS BZL

authors: Sendtn.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-africanum

scientific: Solanum africanum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: africanum

Solanum bracteatum

authorship: Thunb.

Solanum crassifolium

authorship: Lam.

Solanum exasperatum

authorship: Drège ex Dunal

Solanum quadrangulare var. crassifolium

authorship: (Lam.) Bitter

Solanum quadrangulare var. glabrum

authorship: Damm.

name: Solanum quadrangulare var. integrifolium

name: Solanum quadrangulare var. quadrangulare

name: Solanum quadrangulare var. sinuato-angulatum

Witheringia crassifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Dunal

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CPP NAT

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1553 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 26

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-albidum

scientific: Solanum albidum

epithet: albidum

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 206. 1813.

Solanum albidum var. poortmanii

authorship: André

Solanum incanum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Solanum mandonis

authorship: Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.

Solanum mandonis subsp. carabayense

authorship: Bitter

codes: AGW BOL ECU PER

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Ecuador

code: ECU

value: tree

value: 8 m

authors: Dunal

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 206

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-aligerum

scientific: Solanum aligerum

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: aligerum

Cyphomandra clavata

authorship: (Rusby) A.Child

Solanum clavatum

authorship: Rusby

Solanum dotanum

authorship: C.V.Morton & Standl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS AGW BOL COS ELS GUA HON PER

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 148 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Sturnira lilium
Sturnira erythromos
Arremon torquatus
Artibeus planirostris
Atlapetes citrinellus
Atlapetes tibialis
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Cacicus chrysopterus

authors: Schltdl.


slug: solanum-aloysiifolium

scientific: Solanum aloysiifolium

authorship: Dunal

epithet: aloysiifolium

name: Solanum aloysiifolium var. aloysiifolium

Solanum filiforme var. lanceolatum

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum polytrichostylum var. lorentzii

authorship: (Bitter) Edmonds

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Atlapetes citrinellus
Catharus ustulatus
Chlorospingus flavopectus
Cyanocorax chrysops
Elaenia albiceps
Elaenia obscura
Elaenia parvirostris
Microspingus erythrophrys erythrophrys

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-amblymerum

scientific: Solanum amblymerum

epithet: amblymerum

Solanum violaceum var. amblymerum

authorship: (Dunal) Maiden & Betche

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: solanum-americanum

scientific: Solanum americanum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: americanum

preferred: American black nightshade

english:
American black nightshade
Glossy nightshade
glossy nightshade

source: inat

Solanum americanum subsp. nodiflorum

authorship: (Jacq.) R.J.F.Hend.

Solanum americanum subsp. nutans

authorship: (R.J.F.Hend.) R.J.F.Hend.

Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum

authorship: (Jacq.) Edmonds

Solanum americanum var. odishense

authorship: Kalidass & P.Murugan

Solanum americanum var. patulum

authorship: (L.) Edmonds

Solanum asperum

authorship: Hornem. ex Walp.

Solanum decurrens

authorship: Wall. ex Dunal

Solanum desvauxii

authorship: Ham.

Solanum dillenii

authorship: Schult.

Solanum merrillianum

authorship: Liou

name: Solanum minutibaccatum subsp. curtipedunculatum

name: Solanum minutibaccatum subsp. minutibaccatum

Solanum nigrum

authorship: Vell.

Solanum nigrum f. nodiflorum

authorship: (Jacq.) Miq.

Solanum nigrum f. rumphii

authorship: (Dunal) Miq.

Solanum nigrum f. uniflorum

authorship: Miq.

Solanum nigrum f. violaceum

authorship: L.

Solanum nigrum subsp. aguaraquiya

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum nigrum subsp. chinense

authorship: Filov

Solanum nigrum subsp. dillenii

authorship: (Schult.) Probst

authorship: (Schult.) Schur

Solanum nigrum subsp. nodiflorum

authorship: (Jacq.) Sendtn.

Solanum nigrum var. americanum

authorship: (Mill.) O.E.Schulz

Solanum nigrum var. dillenii

authorship: (Schult.) A.Gray

Solanum nigrum var. merrillianum

authorship: (Liou) Filov

Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum

authorship: (Jacq.) A.Gray

authorship: (Jacq.) Hitchc.

Solanum nigrum var. oleraceum

authorship: (Dunal) Hitchc.

Solanum nigrum var. violaceum

authorship: Chen ex Wessely

Solanum nodiflorum

authorship: Jacq.

authorship: Desv. ex Dunal

Solanum nodiflorum var. acuminatum

authorship: Chodat

Solanum pachystylum

authorship: Polg.

Solanum patulum

authorship: Kit. ex Kanitz

authorship: (L.) Roth

Solanum pauciflorum

authorship: (Liou) H.Y.Zhang

Solanum photeinocarpum

authorship: M.Nakam. & Odash.

name: Solanum photeinocarpum var. photeinocarpum

Solanum photeinocarpum var. violaceum

authorship: C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang

Solanum pterocaulon var. aguaraquiya

authorship: (Sendtn.) Dunal

Solanum quadrangulare var. triangulare

authorship: (Lam.) Pers.

Solanum rhinozerothis

authorship: Blume

Solanum suffruticosum var. merrillianum

authorship: (Liou) C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang

Solanum tenuiflorum

authorship: Steud.

Solanum triangulare

authorship: Lam.

Solanum trilobum

authorship: Larrañaga

codes: ALA ARI BRC CAL FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI ORE SCA TEX UTA WAS AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLC CLN CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT TCI URU VEN VNA WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1936 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
American black nightshade
glossy nightshade

names: Паслён американский

names: カンザシイヌホオズキ テリミノイヌホオズキ

names: มะแว้งนกอเมริกัน

partners:
Charidotella sexpunctata
Cycloneda sanguinea

partners:
Chiroxiphia caudata
Trichothraupis melanops

partners:
Artibeus lituratus
Chiroxiphia caudata
Sturnira lilium
Sturnira tildae
Trichothraupis melanops
Alouatta guariba
Anhima cornuta
Anthornis melanura

partners:
Afrencyrtus saissetiae
Anagrus empoascae
Encarsia protransvena

partners:
Tomato golden vein virus
Tomato severe rugose virus

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. [unpaged] Solanum no. 5

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: solanum-amygdalifolium

scientific: Solanum amygdalifolium

epithet: amygdalifolium

name: Solanum angustifolium var. angustifolium

Solanum angustifolium var. macrophyllum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum brittonianum

authorship: Morong

Solanum heterandrum

authorship: Juss.

Solanum persicifolium

authorship: Mart.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 448 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Steud.

published_in: Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2 2: 600

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: solanum-anceps

scientific: Solanum anceps

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: anceps

Bassovia anceps

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby

Bassovia sylvatica

authorship: Aubl.

Capsicum silvaticum

authorship: (Aubl.) Kuntze

Solanum aubletii

authorship: Pulle

Solanum conjungens

authorship: Bitter

Solanum richardii

authorship: (Dunal) Lemée

Solanum rugosum

authorship: Rich. ex Dunal

Solanum sylvaticum

authorship: (Aubl.) Bitter

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bocydium globulare
Carollia perspicillata
Dircenna klugii
Dircenna olyras
Hypothyris euclea
Mechanitis polymnia

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 36, t. 169

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-anguivi

scientific: Solanum anguivi

epithet: anguivi

preferred: African Eggplant

english:
African Eggplant
Forest Bitterberry

Solanum aethiopicum var. anguivi

authorship: (Lam.) Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci

Solanum albidum

authorship: De Wild.

Solanum anguivi

authorship: Herb.Lamb. ex Dunal

Solanum batangense

authorship: Dammer

Solanum congense

authorship: Link

Solanum distichum

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

Solanum halophilum

authorship: Pax

Solanum indicum subsp. distichum

authorship: (Thonn.) Bitter

Solanum indicum subsp. newtonii

authorship: (Dammer) Bitter

Solanum indicum subsp. rohrii

authorship: (C.H.Wright) Bitter

Solanum indicum subsp. zechii

authorship: Dammer ex Bitter

Solanum indicum var. halophilum

authorship: (Pax) Bitter

Solanum indicum var. lividum

authorship: (Link) Bitter

Solanum keniense

authorship: Turrill

Solanum mesodolichum

authorship: (Bitter) Pic.Serm.

Solanum wildemanii

authorship: Damm. ex De Wild. & T.Durand

codes: ANG BEN BUR CMN CPP CAF COM CON ZAI DJI EQG ERI SWZ ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MOZ NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Petite anghive, Bringelle marron, Bringellier marron

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-angustifidum

scientific: Solanum angustifidum

authorship: Bitter

epithet: angustifidum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 544. 1913.

codes: AGE AGW BOL

lifeform: climbing shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 544

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-aphyodendron

scientific: Solanum aphyodendron

epithet: aphyodendron

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 565. 1985.

Bassovia foliosa

authorship: Brandegee

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BOL CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

partners:
Sturnira ludovici
Amazona mercenarius
Ampelioides tschudii
Anisognathus somptuosus
Arremon assimilis
Arremon brunneinucha
Artibeus bogotensis
Artibeus jamaicensis

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72(3): 565 (1985)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-appendiculatum

scientific: Solanum appendiculatum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: appendiculatum

Solanum appendiculatum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Solanum connatum

authorship: Correll

Solanum inscendens

authorship: Rydb.

Solanum ovandense

authorship: Lundell

Solanum repens

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

Solanum stephanodes

authorship: Schltdl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

published_in: Solan. Syn. 5


slug: solanum-argenteum

scientific: Solanum argenteum

epithet: argenteum

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 755. 1814.

Solanum argenteum var. angustifolium

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum bicolor

authorship: Mart.

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Artibeus toltecus
Saltator similis
Sapajus nigritus
Sturnira ludovici
Alouatta guariba
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus obscurus

value: 7 m


slug: solanum-argentinum

scientific: Solanum argentinum

authorship: Bitter & Lillo

epithet: argentinum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 547. 1913.

Solanum chroniotrichum

authorship: (Bitter) C.V.Morton

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 272 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Bitter & Lillo

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 547

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-asperolanatum

scientific: Solanum asperolanatum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: asperolanatum

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 39, tab. 174, fig. b. 1799.

preferred: devil's fig

name: Solanum asperolanatum var. asperolanatum

Solanum asperum

authorship: Pers.

Solanum phaephyllum

authorship: Werderm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Naranja silvestre
Pungal

names:
Паслён золотистоволосый
Паслён шероховато-шерстистый

partners:
Artibeus lituratus
Sturnira ludovici
Anisognathus somptuosus
Arremon assimilis
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus phaeotis
Artibeus planirostris
Atlapetes albinucha

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 39

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SOHI9


slug: solanum-asterophorum

scientific: Solanum asterophorum

epithet: asterophorum

Solanum gomphoidellum

authorship: Moric. ex Dunal

Solanum melancholicum

authorship: Salzm. ex Dunal

codes: BZE BZL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

authors: Mart.

published_in: Flora 21(2, Beibl.): 79


slug: solanum-atropurpureum

scientific: Solanum atropurpureum

authorship: Schrank

epithet: atropurpureum

name: Solanum atropurpureum var. atropurpureum

Solanum atropurpureum var. aureimicans

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum atropurpureum var. diaphanadenium

Solanum vernicatum

authorship: Lindl.

codes: AGE BZN BZS BZL BZC CLM PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
five-minute plant
malevolence

names: Паслён тёмно-пурпурный

partners:
Sturnira lilium
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus planirostris
Carollia perspicillata
Platyrrhinus lineatus
Pygoderma bilabiatum

value: herb

authors: Schrank

published_in: Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 200


slug: solanum-aturense

scientific: Solanum aturense

authorship: Dunal

epithet: aturense

Solanum asperrimum

authorship: Bitter & Moritz

Solanum manaense

authorship: Sagot ex Lemée

Solanum mirabile

authorship: Standl. & C.V.Morton

Solanum siparunoides

authorship: Ewan

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BZN BZC CLM COS ECU GUA HON PAN PER VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

partners:
Dircenna klugii
Mechanitis menapis
Mechanitis polymnia
Oleria rubescens

published_in: Solan. Syn. 32


slug: solanum-aviculare

scientific: Solanum aviculare

epithet: aviculare

preferred: Kangaroo Apple

english:
Kangaroo Apple
New Zealand nightshade

Solanum aviculare var. albiflorum

authorship: Cheeseman

Solanum aviculare var. typicum

authorship: Domin

Solanum baylisii

authorship: Geras.

Solanum dispar

authorship: Loisel. ex Dunal

codes: CTM KER NSW NZN NZS NFK QLD VIC

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

Kermadec Is.

code: KER

New South Wales

code: NSW

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Norfolk Is.

code: NFK

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1311 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Kangaroo Apple
New Zealand nightshade

names: 苦天茄 澳洲茄

names: Паслён птичий

partners:
Cuspicona simplex
Dirioxa pornia
Platycercus elegans
Psylliodes brettinghami
Siphanta acuta

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: 4 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen


slug: solanum-bahamense

scientific: Solanum bahamense

authorship: L.

epithet: bahamense

preferred: Bahama nightshade

Solanum bahamense var. lanceolatum

authorship: Griseb.

Solanum bahamense var. luxurians

authorship: D'Arcy

Solanum bahamense var. subarmatum

authorship: (Willd.) O.E.Schulz

Solanum cestrifolium

authorship: Willd. ex Colla

authorship: Willd. ex Guss.

Solanum fruticosum

authorship: Mill.

Solanum igneum var. parvifolium

authorship: Vahl

Solanum lanceifolium

authorship: Nocca

authorship: Salisb.

Solanum molle

authorship: Bertero ex Dunal

Solanum parvifolium

authorship: Steud.

name: Solanum persicifolium var. angustifolium

Solanum persicifolium var. parvifolium

authorship: (Vahl) O.E.Schulz

name: Solanum persicifolium var. persicifolium

Solanum racemosum

authorship: Jacq.

Solanum racemosum var. igneum

authorship: (L.) O.E.Schulz

Solanum ramosum

authorship: Lam.

Solanum subarmatum

authorship: Willd.

Solanum torvum var. persicifolium

authorship: (Dunal) M.Gómez

Solanum umbrosum

authorship: Balb. ex Dunal

Solanum varginstonicum

authorship: Buc'hoz

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: FLA BAH CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE PUE WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 713 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bahama nightshade
Cancer Berry

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acanalonia viequensis
Ilesia anguillana


slug: solanum-betaceum

scientific: Solanum betaceum

authorship: Cav.

epithet: betaceum

published_in: Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 44. 1799.

preferred: Tamarillo

english:
Tamarillo
Tree Tomato
tree tomato

Cyphomandra betacea

authorship: (Cav.) Sendtn.

Cyphomandra crassifolia

authorship: (Ortega) J.F.Macbr.

authorship: (Ortega) Kuntze

Cyphomandra procera

authorship: Wawra

Pionandra betacea

authorship: (Cav.) Miers

Solanum crassifolium

authorship: Ortega

Solanum insigne

authorship: Lowe

codes: AGW BOL BZN BZS BZL BZC CLM ECU PER VEN WIN

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: tree

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1199 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Anthocyanins

activities: Antiapoptotic Antiarthritic Anticancer Anticarcinogenic Anticollegenase Antidiabetic Antielastase Antihyperglycemic

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

Lutein

activities:
Antiatherosclerotic
Anticancer (Breast)
Antimaculitic
Antinyctalopic
Antioxidant
Antiproliferant
Antiradicular
Antiretinitic Optometry

Zeaxanthin

activities:
Anticancer (Breast)
Antitumor (Breast)
Colorant
Hepatoprotective
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer

Beta-cryptoxanthin

activities: Colorant Vitamin-A-Activity

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
Tamarillo
Tree Tomato

names:
Lima Tomate
Tomate Extranjero

names: 树番茄 樹番茄

names: Sangue-de-boi Tamarilho

names: Цифомандра свекольная

names: Tomate arbuste, Tomate en arbre, Arbre à tomates, Tomate de la Paz

names: มะเขือเทศต้น

names: boomtamatie boom-tamatie

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Sophonia orientalis
Argyrogramma signata
Ennya chlorizans
Homo sapiens
Mechanitis polymnia
Penelope albipennis
Placidula euryanassa
Spilosoma sumatrana

partners:
Aphis gossypii
Copidosoma
Encarsia gennaroi
Encarsia ustulata
Eretmocerus warrae
Prionomastix estrellus
Spongospora subterranea

partners:
Potato virus A
Tamarillo leaf malformation virus

label: Growth habit

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-bonariense

scientific: Solanum bonariense

authorship: L.

epithet: bonariense

Solanum arborescens

authorship: Moench

Solanum asterigerum

authorship: Bertol.

Solanum baccatum

authorship: hort. ex Steud.

Solanum bonariense f. typicum

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum excelsum

authorship: Salisb.

Solanum grandiflorum

authorship: Desf.

Solanum saponaceum var. uruguense

authorship: Griseb.

codes: AGE BZS BZL URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 816 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Tomatillo aciculito

names: Паслен буэнос-айресский

partners:
Myloplus tiete
Piaractus mesopotamicus
Brueelia tersinae
Brycon hilarii
Carollia perspicillata
Deltinea costalimai
Mylossoma duriventre
Sturnira giannae

label: Woodiness

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 2 m

value: purple

value: Feb-Jul

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: L.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: solanum-brachyantherum

scientific: Solanum brachyantherum

authorship: Phil.

epithet: brachyantherum

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 43: 522. 1873.

codes: CLN DSV

Chile North

code: CLN

Desventurados Is.

code: DSV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

value: annual

authors: Phil.

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 43: 522

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-brevifolium

scientific: Solanum brevifolium

authorship: Dunal

epithet: brevifolium

Solanum aphestodontum

authorship: Gilli

Solanum holophyllum var. subtuscalvum

authorship: Bitter

codes: CLM ECU PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Allku mikuna
Melloco yuyu

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: vine

published_in: Solan. Syn. 22

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: solanum-brevipedicellatum

scientific: Solanum brevipedicellatum

epithet: brevipedicellatum

codes: MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

region: Mexico

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

value: woody

published_in: Brittonia 19: 361

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: solanum-brownii

scientific: Solanum brownii

epithet: brownii

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 201. 1813.

Solanum curvicuspe f. curvispina

authorship: Domin

Solanum violaceum f. scabrum

authorship: (Benth.) Domin

Solanum violaceum var. album

authorship: Maiden & Betche

Solanum violaceum var. scabrum

authorship: Benth.

New South Wales

code: NSW

label: Parasites

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: shrub

label: Height

value: berry

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 201


slug: solanum-burchellii

scientific: Solanum burchellii

epithet: burchellii

Solanum burchellii var. schaeferi

authorship: (Dammer) Bitter

Solanum rangei

authorship: Dammer

Solanum tomentosum var. burchellii

authorship: (Dunal) C.H.Wright

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

label: Least Concern

names: Lemoenbossie Tandpynbos

value: 1 m

value: perennial


slug: solanum-callosum

scientific: Solanum callosum

epithet: callosum

codes: NSW QLD

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Austrobaileya 8(3): 416 (-418; fig., map)


slug: solanum-campanulatum

scientific: Solanum campanulatum

epithet: campanulatum

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446. 1810.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Fruit type

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-campechiense

scientific: Solanum campechiense

authorship: L.

epithet: campechiense

preferred: redberry nightshade

Solanum campechiense

authorship: Banks ex Aiton

Solanum guanicense

authorship: Urb.

Solanum marmeladense

authorship: Urb. & Ekman

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS TEX BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PUE

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Augochlorella aurata
Augochloropsis fulgida
Bombus impatiens
Bombus variabilis
Languria mozardi
Toxomerus sp.
Trogus pennator

partners:
Augochlorella aurata
Augochloropsis fulgida
Bombus impatiens
Bombus variabilis
Languria mozardi
Toxomerus
Trogus pennator

source: GIFT

value: subshrub

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-campylacanthum

scientific: Solanum campylacanthum

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

epithet: campylacanthum

Solanum benguelense

authorship: Peyr.

Solanum beniense

authorship: De Wild.

Solanum campylacanthum

authorship: Hochst. ex Dunal

name: Solanum campylacanthum subsp. campylacanthum

name: Solanum campylacanthum subsp. cordifrons

name: Solanum campylacanthum subsp. panduriforme

authorship: (Dunal) J.Samuels

name: Solanum campylacanthum var. campylacanthum

name: Solanum campylacanthum var. ellipsoideum

Solanum cufodontii

authorship: Lanza

Solanum delagoense subsp. baumii

authorship: Dammer ex Bitter

name: Solanum delagoense subsp. epacanthastrum

name: Solanum delagoense subsp. punctatistellatum

name: Solanum delagoense var. astrochlaenoides

Solanum delagoense var. benguelense

authorship: (Peyr.) Bitter

name: Solanum delagoense var. brachyastrotrichum

Solanum delagoense var. tomentellum

authorship: (Klotzsch) Bitter

name: Solanum lachneion var. protopyrrhotrichum

name: Solanum malacochlamys var. malacochlamys

name: Solanum malacochlamys var. transgrediens

Solanum mossambicensis

authorship: Klotzsch

Solanum panduriforme

authorship: Drège ex Dunal

Solanum pentheri

authorship: Gand.

Solanum sennii

authorship: Chiov.

name: Solanum stellativillosum var. makinduense

name: Solanum stellativillosum var. stellativillosum

Solanum suaveolens

authorship: Bojer

codes: ANG BOT BUR CPP CON ZAI DJI ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT LES MLW MOZ NAM TVL RWA SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1999 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-candidum

scientific: Solanum candidum

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: candidum

preferred: fuzzyfruit nightshade

Solanum boquetense

authorship: Standl.

Solanum huitlanum

authorship: Brandegee

Solanum tonduzii

authorship: Bitter

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN PER

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chichilegua
Miõ cucuná

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: solanum-capense

scientific: Solanum capense

authorship: L.

epithet: capense

Solanum capense var. milleri

authorship: (Jacq.) Bitter

Solanum dregei

authorship: Dunal

Solanum milleri

authorship: Jacq.

Solanum namaquense

authorship: Dammer

Solanum schiruschuna

authorship: Mill.

Solanum subbiflorum

authorship: Ortega

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES NAM TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Horrid Snake-apple
Poison Apple

names: Паслён капский

names: Bitterappel Jakkalsbessie

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)


slug: solanum-capsicoides

scientific: Solanum capsicoides

authorship: All.

epithet: capsicoides

published_in: Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 64. 1773.

preferred: cockroach berry

Solanum arrebenta

authorship: Vell.

Solanum bodinieri

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Solanum capsicoides

authorship: Hort.Paris ex Lam.

Solanum ciliare

authorship: Willd.

Solanum ciliatum

authorship: Lam.

Solanum exarmatum

authorship: Anil, Maya, Soumya & K.Murugan

Solanum macowanii

authorship: Fourc.

Solanum pentapetaloides

authorship: Roxb. ex Hornem.

authorship: Roxb.

Solanum pentapetalum

authorship: Schltdl.

Solanum sphaerocarpum

authorship: Moric.

Solanum ungens

authorship: Weinm.

Solanum xanthocarpum var. geoffrayi

authorship: Bonati

codes: AGE BZE BZS BZL CLM VEN VNA

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Venezuela

code: VEN

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1895 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cockroach berry
Cockroach-berry

names: 喀西茄 牛茄子

names: guldbärsskatta guldbärssolanum

partners:
Acherontia lachesis
Mechanitis menapis
Mechanitis polymnia
Phthorimaea operculella
Pseudina vellerea

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 12


slug: solanum-caricaefolium

scientific: Solanum caricaefolium

authorship: Rusby

epithet: caricaefolium

published_in: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 118. 1912.

codes: BOL BZN ECU PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

names: Паслён кариколистный

authors: Rusby

published_in: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8(no. 28): 118


slug: solanum-caripense

scientific: Solanum caripense

authorship: Dunal

epithet: caripense

Solanum caripense subsp. jamesonianum

authorship: Bitter

Solanum caripense var. stellatum

authorship: Correll

Solanum gracile

authorship: Sendtn.

codes: CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 168 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pepino berry
tzimbalo

names:
Chinpalu
Chinpalu yuyu

published_in: Solan. Syn. 8

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-carolinense

scientific: Solanum carolinense

authorship: L.

epithet: carolinense

preferred: Carolina horsenettle

Solanum albiflorum

authorship: (Kuntze) Benke

Solanum carolinense var. albiflorum

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum floridanum

authorship: Raf.

authorship: Shuttlew. ex Dunal

Solanum godfreyi

authorship: Shinners

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MXE MXN MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Solasonine

activities: Antitumor Cardiodepressant Cardiotonic Erythrocytolytic Hemolytic Hepatoprotective Insecticide Memranolytic

Solamargine

activities: Antitumor Cytotoxic Erythrocytolytic Fungicide Hepatoprotective Insecticide Membranolytic Molluscicide

partners:
Abundance
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena helianthi
Andrena miserabilis
Apallates coxendix
Augochloropsis metallica
Bibio pallipes
Blaesoxipha alcedo

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Anania funebris
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus auricomus
Coenonympha california

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Coenonympha california
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Epitrix fasciata
Gratiana pallidula
Helocassis clavata
Leptinotarsa juncta
Lucilia sericata

partners:
Phthorimaea operculella
Aeolothrips intermedius
Aeolothrips melaleucus
Antigastra catalaunalis
Aphis fabae
Aphis frangulae
Aphis solanella
Bombus impatiens


slug: solanum-castaneum

scientific: Solanum castaneum

authorship: Carvalho

epithet: castaneum

codes: BZS BZL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

value: tree

authors: Carvalho

published_in: Pesquisas 46: 19

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solanum-catombelense

scientific: Solanum catombelense

authorship: Peyr.

epithet: catombelense

published_in: Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 38: 576. 1860.

preferred: bitter apple

Solanum rautanenii

authorship: Schinz

Solanum sparsiflorum

authorship: Dammer

codes: ANG BOT CPP OFS NAT MOZ NAM TVL ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 167 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Peyr.

published_in: Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. xxxviii. (1860) 576

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-celatum

scientific: Solanum celatum

epithet: celatum

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-cernuum

scientific: Solanum cernuum

authorship: Vell.

epithet: cernuum

Solanum sisleyanum

authorship: Lambertye

codes: BZE BZL BZC

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

value: 5 m

authors: Vell.

published_in: Fl. Flumin. Icon. 2: t. 103

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-chacoense

scientific: Solanum chacoense

epithet: chacoense

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 18. 1912.

Solanum arnezii

authorship: Cárdenas

Solanum bitteri

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum boergeri

authorship: Bukasov

Solanum caipipendense

authorship: (Cárdenas) Correll

Solanum chacoense f. gibberulosum

authorship: (Juz. & Bukasov) Correll

Solanum chacoense f. glabrescens

authorship: (Hassl.) Hassl.

Solanum chacoense subsp. muelleri

authorship: (Bitter) Hawkes & Hjert.

Solanum chacoense subsp. subtilius

authorship: (Bitter) Hawkes

Solanum emmeae

authorship: Juz. & Bukasov

Solanum horovitzii var. glabristylum

authorship: Hawkes

Solanum tuberosum subsp. yanacochense

authorship: Ochoa

Solanum yanacochense

authorship: (Ochoa) Gorbat.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: solanum-chenopodioides

scientific: Solanum chenopodioides

authorship: Lam.

epithet: chenopodioides

preferred: tall nightshade

english:
tall nightshade
nightshade

Solanum aguaraquiya

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum amaranthifolium

authorship: Gillies ex Rusby

Solanum americanum var. baylisii

authorship: D'Arcy

Solanum besseri

authorship: Weinm.

Solanum chenopodifolium

authorship: Dunal

Solanum gracilius

authorship: Herter

Solanum ottonis

authorship: Hyl.

Solanum sublobatum

authorship: Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Solanum vile

authorship: Bitter

Solanum virgatum

authorship: Endl. ex Sendtn.

Witheringia chenopodioides

authorship: (Lam.) J.Rémy

codes: AGE AGS BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina South

code: AGS

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: annual or perennial

species: Solanum nigrum

slug: solanum-nigrum

names:
nightshade
Tall Nightshade

names: Morelle faux chénopode, Morelle sublobée

names: inkbessie nastergal

names: msobosobo sobosobo

partners:
Harmonia axyridis
Polistes dominula

label: Visited by

partners:
Harmonia axyridis
Nezara viridula

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Aeolothrips intermedius
Aeolothrips melaleucus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Antigastra catalaunalis

value: herb

value: chamaephyte


slug: solanum-chiapasense

scientific: Solanum chiapasense

epithet: chiapasense

codes: MXT MXS GUA NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-chilense

scientific: Solanum chilense

authorship: (Dunal) Reiche

epithet: chilense

published_in: Anales Univ. Santiago 124: 742. 1909.

Lycopersicon atacamense

authorship: Phil.

name: Lycopersicon peruvianum subsp. puberulum

authorship: (Phil.) Luckwill

codes: CLN GAL PER

Chile North

code: CLN

Galápagos

code: GAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 161 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Centris buchholzi
Apidae

authors: (Dunal) Reiche

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-chrysotrichum

scientific: Solanum chrysotrichum

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: chrysotrichum

Solanum pynaertii

authorship: De Wild.

Solanum torvum var. pleiotomum

authorship: C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang

Solanum warscewiczii

authorship: hort. ex Lambertye

Solanum warszewiczioides

authorship: Huber

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Costa Rica

code: COS

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2015 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nightshade
giant devil's-fig

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Artibeus toltecus
Leptinotarsa undecimlineata
Sturnira lilium
Sturnira ludovici

value: 7 m

label: Flower colour

value: white

label: Flowering months

value: Dec-May


slug: solanum-cinereum

scientific: Solanum cinereum

epithet: cinereum

Solanum saltianum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 229 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Voy. Abyss. [Salt] Append. p. lxii


slug: solanum-citrullifolium

scientific: Solanum citrullifolium

epithet: citrullifolium

published_in: Ind. Sem. Hort. Friburg. 1849

preferred: watermelon nightshade

Androcera citrullifolia

authorship: (A.Braun) Rydb.

Nycterium citrullifolium

authorship: (A.Braun) Nieuwl.

Nycterium violaceum

authorship: Walp.

codes: MXE MXN TEX

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Texas

code: TEX

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 101 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
watermelon nightshade
Watermelonleaf Horsenettle

names: Паслён арбузолистный

value: non-woody


slug: solanum-commersonii

scientific: Solanum commersonii

authorship: Poir.

epithet: commersonii

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 746. 1814.

preferred: Commerson's nightshade

Solanum commersonii f. mechonguense

authorship: (Bukasov) Correll

name: Solanum commersonii var. indigoticascens

Solanum commersonii var. pubescens

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum commersonii var. violaceum

authorship: Herter

Solanum debile

authorship: Dunal

Solanum henryi

authorship: Bukasov & Lechn.

Solanum henryi f. laticalix

authorship: Lechn.

Solanum mechonguense

authorship: Bukasov

Solanum nicaraguense

authorship: Rydb.

Solanum ohrondii

authorship: Carrière

Solanum tenue var. pubescens

authorship: Sendtn. ex Dunal

codes: AGE BZS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 180 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Poir.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. 746


slug: solanum-concinnum

scientific: Solanum concinnum

authorship: Schott ex Sendtn.

epithet: concinnum

Solanum diantherum

authorship: Vell.

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schott ex Sendtn.


slug: solanum-conicum

scientific: Solanum conicum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: conicum

Solanum alatibaccatum

authorship: Bitter

Solanum tuberculatum

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 38, t. 172, f. b

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: solanum-corifolium

scientific: Solanum corifolium

epithet: corifolium

codes: NSW QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Climbing Nightshade
Straggling Nightshade

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 2(16): 166

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-corneliomulleri

scientific: Solanum corneliomulleri

epithet: corneliomulleri

Peru

code: PER

names:
Tomate Cimarron
Tomatillo

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 160

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: solanum-cornifolium

scientific: Solanum cornifolium

epithet: cornifolium

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

published_in: Solan. Syn. 21

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: solanum-corymbiflorum

scientific: Solanum corymbiflorum

authorship: (Sendtn.) Bohs

epithet: corymbiflorum

name: Cyphomandra corymbiflora subsp. corymbiflora

name: Cyphomandra corymbiflora subsp. mortoniana

authorship: (L.B.Sm. & Downs) Bohs

Cyphomandra kleinii

authorship: L.B.Sm. & Downs

name: Solanum corymbiflorum subsp. corymbiflorum

name: Solanum corymbiflorum var. corymbiflorum

codes: AGE BZS

label: Eaten by

partners:
Didelphis aurita
Didelphis albiventris

authors: (Sendtn.) Bohs


slug: solanum-corymbosum

scientific: Solanum corymbosum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: corymbosum

published_in: Collectanea [Jacquin] 1: 78. 1787.

Solanum azureum

authorship: Van Geert

Solanum corymbosum var. cymosum

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Solanum leptanthum var. parvifolium

authorship: Kunth

Solanum parviflorum

authorship: Nocca

authorship: Salisb.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Collectanea [Jacquin] 1: 78

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-crinitipes

scientific: Solanum crinitipes

authorship: Dunal

epithet: crinitipes

Solanum dammannianum

authorship: Regel

codes: CLM ECU PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Aya naranjilla
Pungal

value: 6 m

authors: Dunal


slug: solanum-crinitum

scientific: Solanum crinitum

authorship: Lam.

epithet: crinitum

Solanum cyananthum var. jubatum

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) Dunal

Solanum echinatum

authorship: Rich. ex Dunal

Solanum echinocaulum

authorship: Moric. ex Dunal

Solanum grandiflorum var. setosum

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum jubatum

authorship: Willd.

Solanum macranthum

authorship: Hook.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 91 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Lam.

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. ii. 20

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-crispum

scientific: Solanum crispum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: crispum

preferred: Chilean Nightshade Chilean

english:
Chilean Nightshade Chilean
Chilean Potato Vine
Chilean nightshade

Solanum berteroanum

authorship: (J.Rémy) Phil.

authorship: (J.Rémy) Phil. ex Kuntze

Solanum concavum

authorship: Lindl.

name: Solanum congestiflorum var. congestiflorum

Solanum congestiflorum var. pannosum

authorship: (Phil.) Reiche

name: Solanum congestiflorum var. syringifolium

authorship: (Kunth & C.D.Bouché) Reiche

Solanum crispum

authorship: Bertero ex Dunal

Solanum crispum var. ligustrinum

authorship: (Lodd.) Dunal

Solanum gayanum

authorship: (J.Rémy) F.Phil.

Solanum izquierdii

authorship: Phil.

Solanum laetum

authorship: Kunze

Solanum ligustrinum

authorship: Lodd.

Solanum syringaefolium

authorship: Kunth & C.D.Bouché

Solanum tagua

authorship: Kuntze

Witheringia crispa

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) J.Rémy

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1158 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Andrena dorsata
Bombus lapidarius
Brassicogethes aeneus
Diptera
Acamptopoeum submetallicum
Andrena
Andrena cineraria

value: vine

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 31, t. 158


slug: solanum-croatii

scientific: Solanum croatii

authorship: D'Arcy & R.C.Keating

epithet: croatii

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

names: Angivibe Tsingivy

value: woody

authors: D'Arcy & R.C.Keating

published_in: Phytologia 34: 282

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-crotonoides

scientific: Solanum crotonoides

authorship: Lam.

epithet: crotonoides

Solanum formonense

authorship: O.E.Schulz ex O.Schmidt

Solanum reticulatum

authorship: Dunal

codes: DOM HAI

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

value: shrub

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. ii, 24

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-cunninghamii

scientific: Solanum cunninghamii

authorship: Benth.

epithet: cunninghamii

Western Australia

code: WAU

published_in: Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia


slug: solanum-dasyphyllum

scientific: Solanum dasyphyllum

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

epithet: dasyphyllum

Solanum acanthoideum

authorship: Drège ex Dunal

Solanum crepidotrichum

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum dasyphyllum var. brevipedicellatum

Solanum dasyphyllum var. decaisneanum

authorship: A.Schimp. ex Bitter

Solanum dasyphyllum var. kilimandschari

authorship: (Dammer) Bitter

Solanum dasyphyllum var. semiglabrum

authorship: (C.H.Wright) Bitter

Solanum duplosinuatum

authorship: Klotzsch

name: Solanum duplosinuatum var. duplosinuatum

Solanum eickii

authorship: Dammer

Solanum grandiflorum

authorship: Vahl ex Dunal

Solanum macrocarpon subsp. dasyphyllum

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) Lester & P.-M.L.Jaeger

Solanum macrocarpon subsp. sapinii

authorship: (De Wild.) Bitter

Solanum macrocarpon var. hirsutum

authorship: Dammer ex De Wild. & T.Durand

Solanum macrophyllum subsp. dasyphyllum

authorship: Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci

Solanum sapinii

authorship: De Wild.

codes: BEN BKN BUR CMN CPP CAF CHA CON ZAI EQG ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO NAT LBR MOZ NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SOM SUD TOG ZAM

Benin

code: BEN

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Liberia

code: LBR

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-davisense

scientific: Solanum davisense

authorship: Whalen

epithet: davisense

preferred: Davis horsenettle

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

value: annual

authors: Whalen

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-deflexiflorum

scientific: Solanum deflexiflorum

epithet: deflexiflorum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 49. 1922.

name: Solanum deflexiflorum var. deflexiflorum

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

authors: Bitter

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 49


slug: solanum-deflexum

scientific: Solanum deflexum

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: deflexum

Bassovia setosa

authorship: Brandegee

Solanum setosum

authorship: (Brandegee) Bitter

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Greenm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 301


slug: solanum-demissum

scientific: Solanum demissum

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: demissum

published_in: J. Hort. Soc. London 3: 70, fig. pg. 69. 1848.

preferred: nightshade

Solanum adpressoacuminatum

authorship: Bukasov ex Rybin

Solanum alpicum

authorship: Standl. & Steyerm.

Solanum atrocyaneum

authorship: Lechn.

Solanum calycotrichum

authorship: Hawkes

Solanum demissum f. microcalyx

authorship: Lechn. ex Bukasov

Solanum semidemissum

authorship: Juz. ex Bukasov

Solanum stoloniferum var. pumilum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
nightshade
Wild Potato

names:
Papa Cimarrona
Papita

authors: Lindl.

published_in: J. Hort. Soc. London 3: 70

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-densevestitum

scientific: Solanum densevestitum

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

epithet: densevestitum

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

value: berry

authors: F.Muell. ex Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 4: 456


slug: solanum-didymum

scientific: Solanum didymum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: didymum

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 236. 1813.

Capsicum inaequale

authorship: Vell.

Cliocarpus gardneri

authorship: Miers

Solanum cladotrichodes

authorship: Mart. ex Sendtn.

Solanum didymum var. subvirgatum

authorship: Witasek

Solanum megalochiton

authorship: Mart.

name: Solanum megalochiton var. villoso-tomentosum

Solanum miersii

authorship: Taub.

Solanum nevesarmondii

authorship: Dusén

name: Solanum pseudomegalochiton var. pseudomegalochiton

Solanum trichocalyx

authorship: Dunal & A.DC.

codes: AGE BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 4 m

value: perennial

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 236


slug: solanum-dimidiatum

scientific: Solanum dimidiatum

authorship: Raf.

epithet: dimidiatum

preferred: western horsenettle

Solanum album

authorship: Waterf.

Solanum platyphyllum

authorship: Torr.

Solanum stramoniifolium

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

codes: ARK ILL KAN LOU MXE MSO NWM OKL SCA TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Missouri

code: MSO

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2033 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Solanum elaeagnifolium

slug: solanum-elaeagnifolium

names:
western horsenettle
Carolina horse-nettle

authors: Raf.

published_in: Autik. Bot. 107


slug: solanum-diphyllum

scientific: Solanum diphyllum

authorship: L.

epithet: diphyllum

preferred: twoleaf nightshade

Pseudocapsicum diphyllum

authorship: (L.) Medik.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1939 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
twoleaf nightshade
twinleaf nightshade

names: 瑪瑙珠 黃果龍葵

value: subshrub

authors: L.


slug: solanum-ditrichum

scientific: Solanum ditrichum

epithet: ditrichum

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.