slug: castilleja-schizotricha

scientific: Castilleja schizotricha

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: schizotricha

preferred: splithair Indian paintbrush

name: Castilleja arachnoidea subsp. schizotricha

authorship: (Greenm.) Pennell

Orthocarpus schizotrichus

authorship: (Greenm.) Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
splithair Indian paintbrush
split-hair Indian paintbrush

authors: Greenm.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-scorzonerifolia

scientific: Castilleja scorzonerifolia

authorship: Kunth

genus: Castilleja

epithet: scorzonerifolia

family: Orobanchaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Castilleja pulcherrima

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: hemiparasitic perennial

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 159 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Basilinna leucotis
Eugenes fulgens

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Eugenes fulgens
Basilinna leucotis

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Kunth

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: castilleja-septentrionalis

scientific: Castilleja septentrionalis

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: septentrionalis

preferred: Labrador Indian paintbrush

source: wikidata

Castilleja brunnescens

authorship: Rydb.

name: Castilleja pallida subsp. septentrionalis

authorship: (Lindl.) Scoggan

Castilleja pallida var. septentrionalis

authorship: (Lindl.) A.Gray

Castilleja rhexiifolia var. sulphurea

authorship: (Rydb.) N.D.Atwood

name: Castilleja septentrionalis var. micmacorum

codes: ABT BRC COL IDA LAB MAI MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWM NFL NWT NUN ONT QUE SDA UTA VER WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

region: Subarctic America

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Vermont

code: VER

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1387 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Labrador Indian paintbrush
Labrador Indian-paintbrush

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: castilleja-sessiliflora

scientific: Castilleja sessiliflora

authorship: Pursh

epithet: sessiliflora

preferred: downy paintedcup

Bartsia grandiflora

authorship: Spreng.

Castilleja grandiflora

authorship: (Nutt.) Spreng.

Castilleja sessiliflora f. purpurina

authorship: Pennell

Castilleja sessiliflora subsp. betheli

authorship: Cockerell

Euchroma grandiflora

authorship: Nutt.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ABT ARI COL ILL IOW KAN MAN MXE MXN MXS MIN MSO MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL SAS SDA TEX WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

Illinois

code: ILL

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Texas

code: TEX

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1585 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
downy paintedcup
Great Plains Indian paintbrush

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: castilleja-subinclusa

scientific: Castilleja subinclusa

authorship: Greene

epithet: subinclusa

preferred: longleaf Indian paintbrush

Castilleja jepsonii

authorship: Bacig. & Heckard

name: Castilleja subinclusa subsp. franciscana

authorship: (Pennell) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 549 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
longleaf Indian paintbrush
Franciscan paintbrush

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Greene

published_in: Pittonia 4(20): 2


slug: castilleja-suksdorfii

scientific: Castilleja suksdorfii

epithet: suksdorfii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 311 (1887)

preferred: Suksdorf's Indian paintbrush

codes: ORE WAS

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 222 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 311

field: phenology

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-tapeinoclada

scientific: Castilleja tapeinoclada

authorship: Loes.

epithet: tapeinoclada

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 285 (1903)

codes: MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Guatemala

code: GUA

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

authors: Loes.

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 3: 285

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-tenuiflora

scientific: Castilleja tenuiflora

authorship: Benth.

epithet: tenuiflora

preferred: Santa Catalina Paintbrush

english:
Santa Catalina Paintbrush
Santa Catalina Indian paintbrush

source: inat

Castilleja integrifolia

authorship: Kunth

Castilleja retrorsa

authorship: Standl.

Castilleja scabridula

authorship: Eastw.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NWM GUA

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

New Mexico

code: NWM

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1499 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Silene laciniata

slug: silene-laciniata

names:
Garañona
bella Inés

names: Кастиллея тонкоцветковая

partners:
Archilochus colubris
Basilinna leucotis
Diglossa cyanea
Eugenes fulgens
Selasphorus platycercus
Selasphorus rufus
Selasphorus sasin

partners:
Archilochus colubris
Eugenes fulgens
Selasphorus sasin
Basilinna leucotis
Selasphorus platycercus
Selasphorus rufus
Zerene cesonia
Zerene cesonia cesonia

partners:
Chalcostigma heteropogon
Colibri coruscans
Eriocnemis cupreoventris
Eriocnemis vestita
Lesbia nuna
Metallura tyrianthina
Oxypogon guerinii
Pterophanes cyanopterus

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: shrub

authors: Benth.

published_in: Pl. Hartw. Sig. D: 22

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: castilleja-tenuifolia

scientific: Castilleja tenuifolia

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

epithet: tenuifolia

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 30 (1845)

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: M.Martens & Galeotti

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles xii. II. 30


slug: castilleja-tenuis

scientific: Castilleja tenuis

authorship: (A.Heller) T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: tenuis

preferred: hairy Indian paintbrush

Orthocarpus hispidus var. tenuis

authorship: (A.Heller) J.F.Macbr. & Payson

Orthocarpus rarior

authorship: Suksd.

Triphysaria hispida

authorship: (Benth.) Rydb.

codes: BRC CAL IDA NEV ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

lifeform: hemiparasitic annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 789 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hairy Indian paintbrush
annual white paintbrush

names:
castilléjie grêle
castilléjie ténue

value: annual

authors: (A.Heller) T.I.Chuang & Heckard


slug: castilleja-thompsonii

scientific: Castilleja thompsonii

epithet: thompsonii

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 99: 178 (1947)

preferred: Thompson's Indian paintbrush

Castilleja villicaulis

authorship: Pennell & Ownbey

codes: BRC ORE WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1423 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Thompson's Indian paintbrush
Thompson's paintbrush

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Bombus californicus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus huntii

authors: Pennell


slug: castilleja-tolucensis

scientific: Castilleja tolucensis

epithet: tolucensis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: castilleja-unalaschcensis

scientific: Castilleja unalaschcensis

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Malte

epithet: unalaschcensis

preferred: Alaska Indian paintbrush

Castilleja pallida var. unalaschcensis

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

name: Castilleja unalaschcensis subsp. transnivalis

authorship: Pennell

codes: KAM ASK ALU BRC YUK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Russian Far East

Alaska

code: ASK

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1044 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Alaska Indian paintbrush
Alaska Indian-paintbrush

names: Кастиллея уналашкинская

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Malte

published_in: Rhodora 36: 187


slug: castilleja-vadosa

scientific: Castilleja vadosa

authorship: T.I.Chuang & Heckard

epithet: vadosa

Peru

code: PER

region: Western South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: T.I.Chuang & Heckard

published_in: Syst. Bot. 17: 429, fig. 6D-H

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-victoriae

scientific: Castilleja victoriae

authorship: Fairbarns & J.M.Egger

epithet: victoriae

preferred: Victoria's paintbrush

english:
Victoria's paintbrush
Victoria's owl-clover

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 246 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Victoria's paintbrush
Victoria paintbrush

authors: Fairbarns & J.M.Egger


slug: castilleja-virgata

scientific: Castilleja virgata

authorship: (Wedd.) Edwin

epithet: virgata

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(5B): 665 (1971)

Castilleja fissifolia subvar. virgata

authorship: Wedd.

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

lifeform: shrub

climate: montane tropical

authors: (Wedd.) Edwin

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 665

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: castilleja-viscidula

scientific: Castilleja viscidula

epithet: viscidula

preferred: sticky Indian paintbrush

Castilleja magnistylis

authorship: Edwin

codes: IDA NEV ORE

Oregon

code: ORE

names:
sticky Indian paintbrush
sticky paintbrush

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-wightii

scientific: Castilleja wightii

authorship: Elmer

epithet: wightii

Castilleja latifolia var. rubra

authorship: (Pennell) J.T.Howell

Castilleja latifolia var. wightii

authorship: (Elmer) Zeile

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Elmer


slug: castilleja-wootonii

scientific: Castilleja wootonii

authorship: Standl.

epithet: wootonii

published_in: Muhlenbergia 5: 84 (1909)

preferred: Sacramento Mountain Indian paintbrush

codes: NWM TEX

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sacramento Mountain Indian paintbrush
Wooton's Paintbrush

authors: Standl.

published_in: Muhlenbergia 5: 84

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castilleja-xanthotricha

scientific: Castilleja xanthotricha

epithet: xanthotricha

published_in: Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 74: 5 (1941)

preferred: yellowhair Indian paintbrush

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellowhair Indian paintbrush
John Day paintbrush

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castratella-piloselloides

scientific: Castratella piloselloides

authorship: Naudin

genus: Castratella

epithet: piloselloides

family: Melastomataceae

Arthrostema piloselloides

authorship: DC.

Rhexia piloselloides

authorship: Bonpl.

codes: CLM VEN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hierba de Oso
Oreja de Oso

authors: Naudin

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 14: 139

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castroviejoa-frigida

scientific: Castroviejoa frigida

authorship: (Labill.) Galbany, L.Sáez & Benedí

genus: Castroviejoa

epithet: frigida

family: Asteraceae

published_in: Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 71: 134 (2004)

Gnaphalium bellidiflorum

authorship: Viv.

Gnaphalium frigidum

authorship: (Labill.) Sch.Bip.

Helichrysum frigidum

authorship: (Labill.) Willd.

Virginea frigida

authorship: (Labill.) Nicoli

Xeranthemum frigidum

authorship: Labill.

Corse

code: COR

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Castroviéjoa des régions froides, Immortelle des frimas, Immortelle des lieux froids, Hélichryse des régions froides

authors: (Labill.) Galbany, L.Sáez & Benedí


slug: casuarina-cristata

scientific: Casuarina cristata

authorship: Miq.

genus: Casuarina

epithet: cristata

family: Casuarinaceae

published_in: Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 2, 13: 336 (1848)

preferred: belah

source: usda

Casuarina quadrivalvis var. cristata

authorship: (Miq.) Miq.

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

lifeform: tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Belah Muurrgu

names: קזוארינה כרבולתית

partners:
Casuarinicola australis
Casuarinicola mucronalatus
Casuarinicola warrigalensis
Diaphoraspis compacta
Phaulomytilus striatus
Pseudaonidia cingulata

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: woody

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Miq.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CALE28

license: public domain

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casuarina-cunninghamiana

scientific: Casuarina cunninghamiana

epithet: cunninghamiana

published_in: Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 2, 13: 322 (1848)

preferred: river sheoak

codes: NWG NSW NTA QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Papuasia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
river sheoak
Cunningham's beefwood

names: 细枝木麻黄 银线木麻黄

names: Casuarina-ténue casuarina

names: Казуарина Куннингама

names: Casuarine de Cunningham, Pin d'Australie, Casuarine à feuilles de prêle, Filao de Cunningham

names: Filao de Cunningham, Filao de la Nouvelle Hollande

names: קזוארינה דקיקה

names: Bewerasieboom kasuarisboom

partners:
Casuarinicola nigrimaculatus
Ipoides honiala
Acanthuchus trispinifer
Agrilus hypoleucus
Aitkenia latevagans
Ancepaspis rotundicauda
Andaspis numerata
Cacatua galerita

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Criconema lanxifrons
Criconema obtusum
Ganoderma
Iota squamosa

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

label: Growth rate

value: rapid

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casuarina-equisetifolia

scientific: Casuarina equisetifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: equisetifolia

preferred: Australian Pine

english:
Australian Pine
Australian pine
Australian-pine
Beach sheoak
beach sheoak
horsetail casuarina

Casuarina africana

authorship: Lour.

Casuarina equisetifolia var. incana

authorship: Benth.

Casuarina equisetifolia var. souderi

authorship: Fosberg

Casuarina equisetifolia var. typica

authorship: Domin

Casuarina excelsa

authorship: Dehnh. ex Miq.

Casuarina incana

authorship: A.Cunn. ex Benth.

Casuarina indica

authorship: Pers.

Casuarina lateriflora

authorship: Poir.

Casuarina litorea var. souderi

authorship: (Fosberg) Fosberg & Sachet

Casuarina littorea

authorship: Oken

Casuarina mertensiana

authorship: Rupr. ex Miq.

Casuarina repens

authorship: hort. ex Hoffmanns.

Casuarina sparsa

authorship: Tausch

Casuarina truncata

authorship: Willd.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ASS BAN BOR CBD IND JAW LSI MLY MYA NWG PHI SOL SCS SUL SUM THA VIE NSW NTA QLD CRL FIJ MRN MRS NWC SAM TON TUV VAN

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

South China Sea

code: SCS

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

Fiji

code: FIJ

region: Southwestern Pacific

Marianas

code: MRN

Marshall Is.

code: MRS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Filao à feuilles de prêle, Bois de fer, Casuarine à feuilles de prêle, Filao, Filao de l'Inde, Pin d'Australie

partners:
Ficus rumphii
Diaphyta pulchra
Pteropus mariannus
Trichoglossus squamatus

partners:
Lymantria xylina
Vanduzea segmentata
Agylla gateri
Barnardius zonarius semitorquatus
Batrachedra
Biopsyche thoracicum
Cacatua sanguinea
Calyptorhynchus lathami

partners:
Chrysobothris tranquebarica
Criconema mutabile
Dendrophthoe glabrescens
Hemicriconemoides brachyurus
Hemicriconemoides mangiferae
Hemicycliophora biloculata
Hemicycliophora labiata

partners:
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus niger
Chaetomium
Cladosporium cladosporioides
Curvularia lunata
Curvularia pallescens
Fusarium fujikuroi
Lasiodiplodia theobromae

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casuarina-glauca

scientific: Casuarina glauca

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: glauca

preferred: gray sheoak

Casuarina obtusa

authorship: hort. ex Miq.

Casuarina torulosa

authorship: Miq.

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 909 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
gray sheoak
Swamp sheoak

names: 粗枝木麻黄 坚木麻黄

names: קזוארינה מכחילה

partners:
Achorophora divergens
Ancepaspis longicauda
Arunta perulata
Ausejanus albisignatus
Cacatua sanguinea
Carposina neurophorella
Casuarinicola australis
Diaphoraspis incisa

partners:
Amyema cambagei
Selitrichodes utilis

value: green

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casuarina-junghuhniana

scientific: Casuarina junghuhniana

epithet: junghuhniana

Casuarina montana

authorship: Lesch. ex Miq.

Casuarina muricata

authorship: Roxb. ex Hornem.

codes: JAW LSI

Jawa

code: JAW

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mountain ru
red-tip ru

names:
ajaob
cemara gunung

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Calliteara horsfieldii
Streblote dorsalis
Trabala vishnou
Voracia casuariniphaga

published_in: Pl. Jungh. 1: 7

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: casuarina-pauper

scientific: Casuarina pauper

authorship: F.Muell. ex L.A.S.Johnson

epithet: pauper

Casuarina cristata subsp. pauper

authorship: (F.Muell. ex Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson

codes: NSW QLD SOA VIC WAU

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Casuarinicola australis
Casuarinicola mucronalatus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: F.Muell. ex L.A.S.Johnson

published_in: Fl. Australia 3: 202, 110


slug: catabrosa-aquatica

scientific: Catabrosa aquatica

authorship: (L.) P.Beauv.

genus: Catabrosa

epithet: aquatica

family: Poaceae

published_in: Ess. Agrostogr. : 97 (1812)

preferred: Whorl-grass

english:
Whorl-grass
water whorl-grass
water whorlgrass

Agrostis tillierii

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Aira aquatica

authorship: L.

Aira aquatica var. duplicata

authorship: Chaub.

Aira aquatica var. ochroleuca

authorship: (Dumort.) Lej.

Aira scabra

authorship: Zuccagni

Catabrosa airoides

authorship: Chevall.

Catabrosa angusta

authorship: (Stapf) L.Liu

Catabrosa aquatica f. latifolia

authorship: (Heuff.) Soó

Catabrosa aquatica f. schurii

authorship: Soó

Catabrosa aquatica f. uniflora

authorship: (Gray) Holmb.

Catabrosa aquatica subsp. capusii

authorship: (Franch.) Tzvelev

Catabrosa aquatica subsp. ochroleuca

authorship: (Dumort.) Nyman

Catabrosa aquatica subsp. pseudairoides

authorship: (J.Herrm.) Tzvelev

Catabrosa aquatica var. angusta

authorship: Stapf

Catabrosa aquatica var. atrata

authorship: Tzvelev

Catabrosa aquatica var. chionophila

authorship: Post

Catabrosa aquatica var. laurentiana

authorship: Fernald

Catabrosa aquatica var. littoralis

authorship: Parn.

Catabrosa aquatica var. major

authorship: Peterm.

Catabrosa aquatica var. minor

authorship: Bab.

Catabrosa aquatica var. pamirensis

authorship: Maslenn. & Ovcz.

Catabrosa aquatica var. subtilis

authorship: Andersson

Catabrosa aquatica var. terrestris

authorship: Meinsh.

Catabrosa aquatica var. uniflora

authorship: Gray

Catabrosa atrata

authorship: (Tzvelev) Tzvelev

Catabrosa capusii

authorship: Franch.

Catabrosa elbursensis

authorship: Bornm. & Gauba

Catabrosa minor

authorship: (Bab.) Tzvelev

Catabrosa ochroleuca

authorship: Dumort.

Catabrosa scabra

authorship: (Zuccagni) Kunth

Catabrosa viridula

authorship: (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.

Catapodium aquaticum

authorship: Willk.

Colpodium aquaticum

authorship: (L.) Trin.

Colpodium elbursense

authorship: (Bornm. & Gauba) Parsa

Diarrhena aquatica

authorship: (L.) Raspail

Festuca airoides

authorship: (Koeler) Mutel

Glyceria airoides

authorship: (Hartm.) Rchb.

Glyceria aquatica

authorship: (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl

Glyceria aquatica var. acutiflora

authorship: Maxim.

Glyceria aquatica var. americana

authorship: Vasey ex Gatt.

Glyceria aquatica var. latifolia

authorship: Heuff.

Glyceria catabrosa

authorship: Klatt & Rchb.

Glyceria dulcis

authorship: (Salisb.) Holmb.

Glyceria ochroleuca

authorship: (Dumort.) Guss.

Glyceria viridula

authorship: (Poir.) Heynh.

Hydrochloa airoides

authorship: Hartm.

Melica altissima

authorship: Sobol.

Molinia aquatica

authorship: (L.) Wibel

Poa airoides

authorship: Koeler

Poa airoides var. purpurascens

authorship: DC.

Poa airoides var. uniflora

authorship: Gaudin

Poa dulcis

authorship: Salisb.

Poa grandiflora

authorship: Clairv.

Poa rivularis

authorship: Bernh.

Poa sabauda

authorship: All.

codes: ALG LBY MOR AFG ALT BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ KRA LBS MON NCS PAL CHQ TZK CHT TCS TKM TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX EHM NEP PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR ABT ARI ARK BRC COL GNL IDA IOW LAB MAN MNT NEB NEV NBR NWM NFL NDA ONT ORE PEI QUE SAS SDA UTA WAS WIS WYO AGS CLS

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

Chita

code: CTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 272 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Поручейница водная

names:
Катаброза водяна
Струмочниця водяна

partners:
Ederranus discolor
Myocastor coypus
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Elophila nymphaeata
Epacromius tergestinus
Eysarcoris ventralis
Gryllodes sigillatus

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catabrosella-variegata

scientific: Catabrosella variegata

authorship: (Boiss.) Tzvelev

genus: Catabrosella

epithet: variegata

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 32 (1966)

Aira catabrosoides

authorship: (K.Koch) Steud.

Aira variegata

authorship: (Boiss.) Steud.

Catabrosa balansae

authorship: Boiss.

Catabrosella leiantha

authorship: (Hack.) Czerep.

Catabrosella variegata subsp. leiantha

authorship: (Hack.) Tzvelev

Catabrosella variegata var. leiantha

authorship: (Hack.) E.B.Alexeev ex R.R.Mill

Colpodium balansae

authorship: (Boiss.) Hack.

Colpodium chrysanthum

authorship: Woronow

Colpodium leianthum

authorship: Hack.

Colpodium variegatum

authorship: (Boiss.) Boiss. ex Griseb.

Colpodium variegatum f. leianthum

authorship: (Hack.) Nevski

Colpodium variegatum var. leianthum

authorship: (Hack.) Grossh.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

names:
Катаброзочка пёстрая
Катаброзочка разноцветная

source: GIFT

value: graminoid

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jul-Aug

authors: (Boiss.) Tzvelev

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966, 32 (1966)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catagonium-nitens

scientific: Catagonium nitens

authorship: (Brid.) Cardot

genus: Catagonium

epithet: nitens

family: Catagoniaceae

published_in: Hist. Phys. Madagascar, Mousses: 469. 1915.

Acroceratium politum

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Mitt.

Acrocladium aubertii

authorship: (Schwägr.) A.Jaeger

Acrocladium phyllogonium

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger

Calliergonella complanata

authorship: Cardot & Broth.

Catagonium aubertii

authorship: (Schwägr.) Broth.

Catagonium callichroum

authorship: (Mont.) Dusén

Catagonium complanatum

authorship: (Cardot & Broth.) Broth.

Catagonium mucronatum

authorship: (A.Jaeger) Broth.

Catagonium myurum

authorship: Cardot & Thér.

Catagonium politum

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Müll.Hal. ex Dusén

Catagonium politum var. phyllogonium

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Cardot

Cryptogonium hampeanum

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Hampe

Eucatagonium politum

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Broth.

Hypnum aubertii

authorship: Schwägr.

Hypnum maritimum

authorship: (Hook.) Arn.

Hypnum politum

authorship: Hook.f. & Wilson

Isopterygium iversenii

authorship: Kiaer

Leskea maritima

authorship: Hook.

Leskea nitens

authorship: Brid.

Leucodon maritimus

authorship: (Hook.) Wijk & Margad.

Phyllogonium callichroum

authorship: Mont.

Phyllogonium hampeanum

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) F.M.Bailey

Rhaphidostegium maritimum

authorship: (Hook.) A.Jaeger

Stereodon aubertii

authorship: (Schwägr.) Brid.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: lithophyte

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: catalpa-bignonioides

scientific: Catalpa bignonioides

authorship: Walter

genus: Catalpa

epithet: bignonioides

family: Bignoniaceae

preferred: southern catalpa

source: wikidata

Bignonia catalpa

authorship: L.

Bignonia spectabilis

authorship: Salisb.

Bignonia triloba

authorship: T.Freeman & Custis

Catalpa arborea

authorship: Baill.

Catalpa bignonioides f. aurea

authorship: Bureau

authorship: (Mast.) Schelle

Catalpa bignonioides f. koehnei

authorship: (Hesse) Dode

authorship: (Hesse) Paclt

Catalpa bignonioides f. nana

authorship: (Otto & A.Dietr.) Paclt

Catalpa bignonioides f. pulverulenta

authorship: Bean

authorship: (Rob.) Paclt

Catalpa bignonioides f. rehderi

authorship: Paclt

Catalpa bignonioides f. variegata

authorship: (Bureau) Paclt

Catalpa bignonioides var. aurea

authorship: (Mast.) Lavallée ex Bureau

Catalpa bignonioides var. nana

authorship: (Otto & A.Dietr.) Bureau

Catalpa bignonioides var. pulverulenta

authorship: (Rob.) Bean

Catalpa catalpa

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Catalpa cordifolia

authorship: Moench

Catalpa pumila

authorship: Beck & Abel

Catalpa speciosa f. albovariegata

authorship: (Schwer.) Rehder

Catalpa speciosa f. pulverulenta

authorship: (Rob.) Rehder

Catalpa speciosa var. albovariegata

authorship: Schwer.

Catalpa speciosa var. pulverulenta

authorship: (Rob.) W.Paul & G.Paul

Catalpa syringifolia

authorship: Sims

Catalpa syringifolia var. aurea

authorship: Mast.

Catalpa syringifolia var. koehnei

authorship: Hesse

Catalpa syringifolia var. nana

authorship: Otto & A.Dietr.

Catalpa syringifolia var. pulverulenta

authorship: Rob.

Catalpa ternifolia

authorship: Cav.

Catalpa tibetica

authorship: Forrest

Catalpa umbraculifera

authorship: Ugolini

Catalpium amena

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1211 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

P-coumaric-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antifertility Antihepatotoxic Antileukemic Antinitrosaminic

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Ursolic-acid

activities: Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiTGF-beta Antialzheimeran Antiarrhythmic Antiarthritic Antibacterial

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Protocatechuic-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Glucosidase-Inhibitor AntiLegionella Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antihepatotoxic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
southern catalpa
American catalpa

names: 藏楸 南黄金树

names: كتلبة بنيونية

names: catalpa Árvore-das-trombetas

names: Катальпа бигнониевидная

names:
Gewoehnlicher Trompetenbaum
Gewöhnlicher Trompetenbaum

names:
Arbre aux haricots
Catalpa

names:
Albero dei sigari
Catalpa

names:
Trompetboom
Groene trompetboom

names:
Katalpa bignoniowa
Surmia bignoniowa

names: Катальпа бігнонієподібна

names: קטלפה ביגנונית

names:
katalpa trubačovitá
katalpa bignóniovitá

label: Pollinated by

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Battus philenor
Apoidea

partners:
Homalodisca vitripennis
Hyphantria cunea
Metcalfa pruinosa
Psittacula krameri
Aphis craccivora
Aphis frangulae
Aphis gossypii
Aspidiotus nerii

partners:
Erysiphe catalpae
Erysiphe elevata
Neoerysiphe galeopsidis

quote: At maturity, the height can vary from about 25 to 40 feet.

quote: Leaves are simple, may be opposite or whorled (3 per node)

quote: the 5 petals in each flower being unequal in size, white with purple spots and orange stripes at the throat

value: Flowering takes place from May through July


slug: catalpa-longissima

scientific: Catalpa longissima

authorship: (Jacq.) Dum.Cours.

epithet: longissima

preferred: French-oak

english:
French-oak
Haiti catalpa
Haitian catalpa
Spanish oak
St. Domingo oak
mastwood
yokewood

Bignonia longisiliqua

authorship: Jacq.

Bignonia pseudoquercus

authorship: Tussac

Bignonia quercus

authorship: Lam.

Bignonia tenuisiliqua

authorship: Vahl

Catalpa longisiliqua

authorship: (Jacq.) Cham.

Macrocatalpa longissima

authorship: (Jacq.) Britton

codes: DOM HAI JAM

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

region: Caribbean

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

Polyphenols

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antiangiogenic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

P-hydroxy-benzoic-acid

activities: Antibacterial Antimutagenic Antioxidant Antiradicular Antisickling Cancer-Preventive Fungistat Immunosuppressant

names:
Spanish oak
French-oak

names:
Roble dominicano
Crispeta

names: Катальпа длиннейшая

names:
Bois chêne de St. Domingue
chêne d' amérique

partners:
Cales noacki
Encarsia haitiensis

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness

authors: (Jacq.) Dum.Cours.

published_in: Bot. Cult. 2: 190

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: catalpa-ovata

scientific: Catalpa ovata

epithet: ovata

preferred: Chinese catalpa

Catalpa bignonioides var. kaempferi

authorship: DC.

Catalpa bungei

authorship: Dippel

Catalpa henryi

authorship: Dode

Catalpa kaempferi

authorship: (DC.) Siebold & Zucc.

Catalpa ovata f. flavescens

authorship: (Bean) Rehder

Catalpa ovata var. flavescens

authorship: Bean

Catalpa wallichiana

authorship: Beck & Abel

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI CHM CHQ CHX

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Manchuria

code: CHM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ferulic-acid

activities:
Allelopathic
Analgesic
Antiaggregant
Antiallergic
Antiarrhythmic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Colon)
Anticancer (Forestomach)

Vanillin

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antianemic Anticancer Antidrepanocytic Antiescherichic Antilactobacillic Antilisteria

Vanillic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Anthelmintic Antibacterial Anticancer Antifatigue Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

Citric-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor Antiaphthic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Anticalculic Anticoagulant Antileishmanic

Catalposide

activities: Antifeedant Cathartic Diuretic Insectiphile Natriuretic

Isoferulic-acid

activities: Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Hypothermic

Syringic-acid

activities: Allelopathic Antioxidant Antiperoxidant Antiradicular Ubiquiot

names:
Chinese catalpa
Japanese catalpa

names: 梓 梓叶

names: Катальпа яйцевидная

names: ki-sasage カミナリササゲ

names:
Catalpa ovale
Catalpa ovale, Catalpa jaune

names: gaeodongnamu 개오동

names:
Katalpa żółtokwiatowa
Surmia żółtokwiatowa

partners:
Papilio dehaanii
Papilio maackii
Papilio macilentus
Papilio xuthus

label: Eaten by

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Life cycle

value: Apr-Jun

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catalpa-speciosa

scientific: Catalpa speciosa

authorship: (Warder) Engelm.

epithet: speciosa

preferred: northern catalpa

source: inat

Catalpa bignonioides var. speciosa

authorship: Meehan

Catalpa speciosa

authorship: Teas

codes: ALA ARK CNT WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAS MIC MSI MSO NEB NWH NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL PEN SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Mexico

code: NWM

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Катальпа красивая
Катальпа прекрасная

names: Катальпа чудова

names:
Severna katalpa
Северна каталпа

partners:
Apoidea
Bombus
Ctenucha
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Sphingidae
Xylocopa virginica

partners:
Apis mellifera
Chauliognathus marginatus
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Diptera
Petrophila canadensis
Polistes dominula
Xylocopa virginica
Apis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Ceratomia catalpae
Ferdinandea buccata
Harmonia axyridis
Lechriops oculatus

partners:
Ceratomia catalpae
Hyphantria cunea
Paleacrita vernata

quote: The height at 20 years is about 20 feet.

quote: Leaves are simple, large, ovate to ovate-oblong

quote: it is one of the first to lose its leaves in the fall.

value: Flowering takes place in late spring to early summer.


slug: catananche-arenaria

scientific: Catananche arenaria

authorship: Coss. & Durieu

genus: Catananche

epithet: arenaria

published_in: in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 253. 1855

Catananche arenaria var. atricha

authorship: Murb.

Catananche arenaria var. aurea

authorship: Maire

Catananche arenaria var. dimorpha

authorship: Dobignard

codes: ALG LBY MTN MOR TUN WSA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Mauritania

code: MTN

region: West Tropical Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

authors: Coss. & Durieu

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 253

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catananche-caerulea

scientific: Catananche caerulea

authorship: L.

epithet: caerulea

preferred: Cupid's dart

Catananche bicolor

authorship: Bosse

Catananche caerulea var. propinqua

authorship: (Pomel) Hochr.

Catananche caerulea var. tenuis

authorship: Ball

Catananche caerulea var. tlemcenensis

authorship: Faure

Catananche propinqua

authorship: Pomel

Cupidonia caerulea

authorship: Bubani

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN FRA GER ITA POR SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

region: Middle Europe

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1665 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cupid's dart
Blue Cupidone

names: 蓝苣 玻璃菊

names: FALSA-CHICÓRIA-AZUL Sesamóide-menor

names: Катананхе голубая

names:
Amorpfeil
Blaue Rasselblume

names:
Cupidone bleue
Catananche bleue

names: Cervellina cerverina

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Andrena polita

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: perennial


slug: catapodium-marinum

scientific: Catapodium marinum

authorship: (L.) C.E.Hubb.

genus: Catapodium

epithet: marinum

preferred: sea-fern grass

Brachypodium loliaceum

authorship: Fr.

authorship: (Huds.) P.Beauv.

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Brachypodium rottboella

authorship: (DC.) P.Beauv.

Bromus loliaceus

authorship: (Huds.) Ten.

Catapodium loliaceum

authorship: (Huds.) Link

Catapodium loliaceum subsp. syrticum

authorship: (Barratte & Murb.) Murb.

Catapodium marinum var. balearicum

authorship: (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Demazeria loliaceus

authorship: (Ten.) Roem. & Schult.

Demazeria marina

authorship: (L.) Rothm.

Desmazeria loliacea

authorship: (Huds.) Nyman

Desmazeria marina

authorship: (L.) Druce

Desmazeria triticea

authorship: J.Presl ex Willk.

Festuca rottboellia

authorship: (DC.) Raspail

Festuca rottboellioides

authorship: Kunth

Festuca tenoreana

authorship: Steud.

Poa loliacea

authorship: Huds.

Sclerochloa loliacea

authorship: (Huds.) J.Woods

Scleropoa loliacea

authorship: (Huds.) Godr. & Gren.

Triticum loliaceum

authorship: (Huds.) Sm.

Triticum maritimum

authorship: With.

Triticum rottboellia

authorship: DC.

codes: ALG AZO CNY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL BGM COR FRA GRB GRC IRE ITA KRI YUG NET POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Belgium

code: BGM

Corse

code: COR

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Ireland

code: IRE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 403 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Катаподиум приморский

names:
catapode maritime
Catapode maritime, Scléropoa marin

names:
gwenithwellt y morfa
Corwenith-Wellt y Morfin

partners:
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Gryllodes sigillatus
Sipha glyceriae

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catapodium-rigidum

scientific: Catapodium rigidum

authorship: (L.) C.E.Hubb.

epithet: rigidum

published_in: Fl. Bedfordshire : 437 (1953)

preferred: fern-grass

english: fern-grass ferngrass

Catapodium rigidum f. robustum

authorship: (Duval-Jouve) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Catapodium rigidum subsp. spicatum

authorship: (Trab.) Rivas Mart.

Catapodium rigidum var. maius

authorship: (C.Presl) M.Laínz

Catapodium rigidum var. multiflorum

authorship: Paunero

Catapodium rigidum var. patens

authorship: (C.Presl) Paunero

Catapodium rigidum var. spicatum

authorship: (Trab.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Desmazeria rigida

authorship: (L.) Tutin

Desmazeria rigida var. major

authorship: (C.Presl) Stace

Diplachne rigida

authorship: (L.) Chapm.

Festuca divaricata

authorship: Roth

Festuca rigens

authorship: Trin. ex Steud.

Festuca rigida

authorship: (L.) Raspail

Festuca rigida var. gracilior

authorship: Mutel

Festuca rigida var. hemipoa

authorship: (Delile) Coss. & Durieu

Festuca rigida var. patens

authorship: (C.Presl) Asch. & Graebn.

Festuca rigida var. robusta

authorship: (Duval-Jouve) Asch. & Graebn.

Glyceria rigida

authorship: Sm.

Megastachya pulchella

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Megastachya rigida

authorship: (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Megastachya rigida var. maritima

authorship: Gray

Poa cristata

authorship: Walter

Poa pulchella

authorship: Steven ex M.Bieb.

Poa rigida

authorship: L.

Poa rigida var. maritima

authorship: Savi

Poa rigida var. patens

authorship: (C.Presl) Guss.

Sclerochloa filiformis

authorship: Tornab.

Sclerochloa racemosa

authorship: (Sennen) Sennen

Sclerochloa rigida var. glaucescens

authorship: Guss.

Sclerochloa rigida var. hemipoa

authorship: (Spreng.) Fiori

Scleropoa racemosa

authorship: Sennen

Scleropoa rigida

authorship: (L.) Griseb.

authorship: Griseb.

Scleropoa rigida var. exigua

authorship: Le Gall

Scleropoa rigida var. hemipoa

authorship: (Delile) Bonnier & Barratte

Scleropoa rigida var. minor

authorship: Guffroy

Scleropoa rigida var. nana

authorship: Sommier

Scleropoa rigida var. patens

authorship: (J.Presl) Duval-Jouve

Scleropoa rigida var. robusta

authorship: Duval-Jouve

Scleropoa rigida var. spicata

authorship: Trab.

Scleropoa villaris

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Scleropoa zwierleinii

authorship: Lojac.

Synaphe rigida

authorship: (L.) Dulac

codes: ALG AZO CNY DJI EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TCS TUR YEM ALB BAL BGM BUL COR FRA GER GRB GRC IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POR SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Djibouti

code: DJI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1998 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Жесткомятлик жёсткий
Жесткомятлик твердый

names: Твердотрав жорсткий

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella


slug: catasetum-integerrimum

scientific: Catasetum integerrimum

authorship: Hook.

genus: Catasetum

epithet: integerrimum

family: Orchidaceae

name: Catasetum integerrimum var. purpurascens

name: Catasetum integerrimum var. viridiflorum

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ COS CUB ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: pseudobulbous epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 540 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hook.


slug: catasetum-laminatum

scientific: Catasetum laminatum

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: laminatum

codes: MXC MXS

authors: Lindl.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catasetum-luridum

scientific: Catasetum luridum

authorship: (Link) Lindl.

epithet: luridum

Anguloa lurida

authorship: Link

Catasetum craniomorphum

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Epidendrum ollare

authorship: Vell.

codes: BZE BZL GUY

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

value: epiphyte

authors: (Link & Otto) Lindl.

published_in: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 156


slug: catasetum-macrocarpum

scientific: Catasetum macrocarpum

authorship: Rich. ex Kunth

epithet: macrocarpum

preferred: Large-fruited Catasetum

Catasetum claveringii

authorship: Lindl. ex Van Geel

name: Catasetum macrocarpum var. carnosissimum

authorship: Cogn.

Catasetum macrocarpum var. chrysanthum

authorship: L.Linden & Rodigas

Paphiopedilum cothurnum

authorship: (Vell.) Pfitzer

codes: AGE AGW BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM FRG GUY SUR TRT VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

French Guiana

code: FRG

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Large-fruited Catasetum
jumping orchid

partners:
Eulaema cingulata
Eulaema bombiformis
Eulaema luteola

authors: Rich. ex Kunth

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 331

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catasetum-maculatum

scientific: Catasetum maculatum

authorship: Kunth

epithet: maculatum

Catasetum brenesii

authorship: Schltr.

Catasetum rostratum

authorship: Klinge

codes: BZN CLM COS ECU GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Bateman

published_in: Orchid. Mexico Guatemala t. 2

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: catasetum-saccatum

scientific: Catasetum saccatum

epithet: saccatum

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 26(Misc.): 76 (1840)

Catasetum baraquinianum

authorship: Lem.

Catasetum saccatum var. christyanum

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Mansf.

Catasetum saccatum var. eusaccatum

authorship: Mansf.

Catasetum saccatum var. typum

authorship: Hoehne

Catasetum secundum

authorship: Klotzsch ex Rchb.f.

codes: BOL BZN BZC CLM ECU GUY PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Peru

code: PER

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 26(Misc.): 76


slug: catasetum-tabulare

scientific: Catasetum tabulare

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: tabulare

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30(Misc.): 35 (1844)

Catasetum rhamphastos

authorship: Kraenzl.

Catasetum tabulare var. rhamphastos

authorship: (Kraenzl.) Mansf.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Visited by

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30(Misc.): 35, no. 40


slug: catasetum-viridiflavum

scientific: Catasetum viridiflavum

authorship: Hook.

epithet: viridiflavum

codes: CLM HON PAN PER

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catesbaea-ekmaniana

scientific: Catesbaea ekmaniana

authorship: Urb.

genus: Catesbaea

epithet: ekmaniana

family: Rubiaceae

Haiti

code: HAI

authors: Urb.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catha-edulis

scientific: Catha edulis

authorship: (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.

genus: Catha

epithet: edulis

family: Celastraceae

published_in: Enchir. Bot. (Endlicher) 575 (1841)

preferred: khat

Catha glauca

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) A.Chev.

Celastrus edulis

authorship: Vahl

Celastrus tsaad

authorship: Ferreira & Galeotti ex Walp.

Dillonia abyssinica

authorship: Sacleux

Methyscophyllum glaucum

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Trigonotheca serrata

authorship: Hochst.

codes: ANG CPP ZAI ERI SWZ ETH KEN NAT MLW MOZ TVL SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Cathine

activities: Analgesic Anorectic Antifeedant CNS-Stimulant Cardiotoxic Hypertensive Narcotic Neurotoxic

Cathinine

activities: Narcotic Spinal-Stimulant Stimulant

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Ephedrine

activities: Adrenergic Allergenic Anesthetic Antiallergic Antianaphylactic Antiappetant Antiarachidonate Antiasthmatic

Myricitrin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antibacterial Antiinflammatory Antimutagenic Antioxidant Antitumor-Promoter Candidicide Choleretic

Mannitol

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anthelmintic AntiReye's Antiglaucomic Antiinflammatory Antimutagenic Antinephritic

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

names: 梓叶 蕉芋

names: ingamwa muheshe

value: tree

value: shrub

value: woody

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catharanthus-lanceus

scientific: Catharanthus lanceus

authorship: (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon

genus: Catharanthus

epithet: lanceus

family: Apocynaceae

published_in: Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 237 (1948)

Tachiadenus parviflorus

authorship: Baker

Vinca lancea

authorship: Bojer ex A.DC.

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Yohimbine

activities: Adrenergic-Blocker Adrenolytic Anesthetic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antianginal Antiatherosclerotic Antidepressant Antidiuretic

Ajmalicine

activities: Adrenolytic Antiadrenergic Antiaggregant Antidiuretic Antihypertensive CNS-Depressant Cerebrocirculant Circulotonic

Perivine

activities: Anesthetic Antipolio Antitumor Antiviral Pesticide

Catharanthine

activities: Diuretic Hypoglycemic

Leurosine

activities: Antitumor Hypoglycemic

authors: (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon

published_in: Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. n.s., xxvii. 237

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: catharanthus-ovalis

scientific: Catharanthus ovalis

authorship: Markgr.

epithet: ovalis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 161 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Markgr.

published_in: Adansonia sér. 2, 10: 24

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catharanthus-pusillus

scientific: Catharanthus pusillus

authorship: (Murray) G.Don

epithet: pusillus

Lochnera pusilla

authorship: (Murray) K.Schum.

Vinca parviflora

authorship: Retz.

Vinca pusilla

authorship: Murray

codes: IND NEP SRL WHM

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: மிளகாய் நங்கை

names: ಬಿಳಿಕಾಸಿಕಣಗಿಲು

value: therophyte

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catharanthus-roseus

scientific: Catharanthus roseus

authorship: (L.) G.Don

epithet: roseus

preferred: Madagascar Periwinkle

english:
Madagascar Periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle

Ammocallis rosea

authorship: (L.) Small

Lachnea rosea

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

Lochnera rosea

authorship: (L.) Rchb. ex K.Schum.

authorship: (L.) K.Schum.

Lochnera rosea f. alba

authorship: (Sweet) Woodson

Lochnera rosea var. alba

authorship: (G.Don) Hubbard

Lochnera rosea var. angusta

authorship: Steenis

Lochnera rosea var. flava

authorship: Tsiang

Pervinca rosea

authorship: (L.) Gaterau

authorship: (L.) Moench

Vinca guilelmi-waldemarii

authorship: Klotzsch

Vinca rosea

authorship: L.

Vinca rosea var. alba

authorship: Sweet

Vinca rosea var. albiflora

authorship: Bertol.

Vinca speciosa

authorship: Salisb.

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2010 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Reserpine

activities: Abortifacient AntiRaynaud's Antiadrenergic Anticonvulsant Antidyskinetic Antihypertensive Antileukemic Antimigraine

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Ursolic-acid

activities: Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiTGF-beta Antialzheimeran Antiarrhythmic Antiarthritic Antibacterial

Oleanolic-acid

activities: Abortifacient AntiHIV AntiPGE2 AntiTGF-beta Antiallergic Antiarrhythmic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

Adenosine

activities: Analgesic Antiaggregant Antiarrhythmic Antidiuretic Antiendotoxic Antihypertensive Antiinsomniac Antilipolytic

Protocatechuic-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Glucosidase-Inhibitor AntiLegionella Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antihepatotoxic

Vinblastine

activities: AntiHodgkin's AntiKaposi's Antileukemic Antilymphomic Antimitotic Antitrypanosomic Antitumor Immunosuppressant

Mitraphylline

activities: Anesthetic Antihypertensive Antileukemic CNS-Depressant Cardiodepressant Hypotensive Immunostimulant Myocontractant

names:
Madagascar Periwinkle
Billygoat Weed

names:
Adorna patio
Besitos

names:
chang chun hua
日日春

names:
عناقية وردية
كتارنتوس وردي

names: boa-noite boa-tarde

names: Катарантус розовый

names: Catharanthe rose, Pervenche de Madagascar

names: Catharanthe rose, Rose amère, Guillemette, Pervenche de Madagascar

names: நித்திய கல்யாணி

names: బిళ్ళ గన్నేరు

partners:
Papilio demodocus
Acleros mackenii mackenii
Acraea egina
Acraea oncaea
Amauris albimaculata albimaculata
Amauris echeria echeria
Anthrosephalus sp.
Apoidea

partners:
Phoebis sennae
Anteos menippe
Aphrissa statira
Asbolis capucinus
Augochlorella aurata
Battus philenor
Belenois aurota
Bombus pensylvanicus

partners:
Aphis gossypii
Arilus cristatus
Trigonopeltastes delta

partners:
Asymmetrasca decedens
Daphnis nerii
Acraea terpsicore
Baoris farri
Borbo cinnara
Catopsilia pomona
Catopsilia pyranthe
Cephonodes hylas

partners:
Melon yellow spot virus
Phytophthora capsici
Phytophthora parasitica
Phytophthora sojae
Vinca leaf curl virus

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: subshrub

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

value: chamaephyte

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

label: Height


slug: cathariostachys-madagascariensis

scientific: Cathariostachys madagascariensis

authorship: (A.Camus) S.Dransf.

genus: Cathariostachys

epithet: madagascariensis

lifeform: bamboo

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: graminoid

authors: (A.Camus) S.Dransf.


slug: catharomnion-ciliatum

scientific: Catharomnion ciliatum

authorship: (Hedw.) Wilson

genus: Catharomnion

epithet: ciliatum

family: Hypopterygiaceae

Hypopterygium ciliatum

authorship: (Hedw.) Brid.

Maschalocarpus ciliatus

authorship: (Hedw.) Spreng.

Pterigynandrum ciliatum

authorship: Hedw.

Pterogonium ciliatum

authorship: (Hedw.) Schwägr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: cathissa-concinna

scientific: Cathissa concinna

authorship: (Salisb.) Speta

genus: Cathissa

epithet: concinna

family: Asparagaceae

Cathissa roccensis

authorship: (Link) Speta

Ornithogalum roccense

authorship: Link

Ornithogalum subcucullatum

authorship: Rouy & Coincy

Ornithogalum uniflorum var. concinnum

authorship: (Salisb.) Ker Gawl.

Ornithogalum unifolium subsp. concinnum

authorship: (Salisb.) K.Richt.

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Salisb.) Speta

published_in: Stapfia 75: 171

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cathissa-unifolia

scientific: Cathissa unifolia

authorship: (L.) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & Juan

epithet: unifolia

Cathissa broteroi

authorship: (M.Laínz) Speta

Ornithogalum nanum

authorship: Brot.

Ornithogalum spicatum

authorship: Planellas

authorship: Gaterau

Ornithogalum unifolium

authorship: (L.) Ker Gawl.

codes: MOR POR SPA

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Doncella
Leche de Francolín

names: Doncellas Donzelas

authors: (L.) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & Juan


slug: catoferia-chiapensis

scientific: Catoferia chiapensis

authorship: A.Gray ex Benth.

genus: Catoferia

epithet: chiapensis

family: Lamiaceae

codes: MXT ELS GUA HON

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

authors: A.Gray ex Benth.

published_in: Hooker's Icon. Pl. 13: t. 1215

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catolobus-pendulus

scientific: Catolobus pendulus

authorship: (L.) Al-Shehbaz

genus: Catolobus

epithet: pendulus

family: Brassicaceae

Arabis hispida

authorship: Moench

Arabis ligulifolia

authorship: Nakai

Arabis patriniana

authorship: DC.

Arabis pendula

authorship: L.

Arabis pendula var. glabrescens

authorship: Franch.

Arabis pendula var. hebecarpa

authorship: Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo

Arabis subpendula

authorship: Ohwi

Catolobus ligulifolius

authorship: (Nakai) Yonek.

Erysimum pendulum

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Turrita pendula

authorship: (L.) Wallr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1813 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Резуха повислая

value: hemicryptophyte

value: 2 m

value: biennial

value: Jun-Jul

authors: (L.) Al-Shehbaz


slug: catophractes-alexandri

scientific: Catophractes alexandri

genus: Catophractes

epithet: alexandri

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. London  1: 4 (1839)

Catophractes kolbeana

authorship: Harv.

Catophractes welwitschii

authorship: Seem.

codes: ANG BOT CPP NAM TVL

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 505 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names: Gawabush Rattlepod

names: Катофрактес Александра

names: Gabbabusch Narzissenstrauch

names: Gabbabos Papwielbos

names: omukaravize omundumba

names: lebuta mogwadiri

names: lurenzhebane muphula-tsindi

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 4 m

label: Photosynthetic pathway

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1(1): 4; Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. (1841) 306, t. 22


slug: catopsis-berteroniana

scientific: Catopsis berteroniana

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Mez

genus: Catopsis

epithet: berteroniana

family: Bromeliaceae

preferred: powdery strap airplant

Catopsis mosenii

authorship: Mez

Pogospermum berteronianum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Brongn.

Tillandsia berteroniana

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Tillandsia pendula

authorship: Thunb. ex C.F.Gaertn.

codes: FLA MXT BAH BLZ BZE BZS BZL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUA GUY JAM NIC PAN SUR VEN

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
powdery strap airplant
Powdery-strap Bromeliad

names:
Catopsis de Bertero
Pata de gallo

value: herb


slug: catopsis-floribunda

scientific: Catopsis floribunda

epithet: floribunda

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 5 (1937)

preferred: Florida strap airplant

Pogospermum floribundum

authorship: Brongn.

codes: FLA MXS BAH CUB DOM HON JAM LEE PUE TRT VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

Honduras

code: HON

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Florida strap airplant
many-flowered catopsis

value: non-woody

value: epiphyte

value: perennial

authors: (Brongn.) L.B.Sm.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 5, cum descr. lat


slug: catopsis-nitida

scientific: Catopsis nitida

authorship: (Hook.) Griseb.

epithet: nitida

preferred: Caribbean strap airplant

Catopsis inconspicua

authorship: (Brongn.) Baker

Pogospermum nitidum

authorship: (Hook.) Brongn.

Tillandsia nitida

authorship: Hook.

Tussacia nitida

authorship: (Hook.) Beer

codes: MXG MXT MXS COS CUB DOM GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PUE

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Griseb.

published_in: Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 599


slug: catopsis-nutans

scientific: Catopsis nutans

authorship: (Sw.) Griseb.

epithet: nutans

preferred: nodding strap airplant

Catopsis fulgens

authorship: Griseb.

Catopsis nutans var. stenopetala

authorship: (Baker) L.B.Sm.

Catopsis stenopetala

authorship: Baker

Catopsis vitellina

authorship: (Klotzsch) Baker

Pogospermum nutans

authorship: (Sw.) Brongn.

Tillandsia cornucopia

authorship: Bertero ex André

Tillandsia nutans

authorship: Sw.

Tillandsia vitellina

authorship: Klotzsch

Tussacia vitellina

authorship: (Klotzsch) Beer

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 225 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
nodding strap airplant
many-flowered catopsis

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catopsis-occulta

scientific: Catopsis occulta

authorship: Mart.-Correa, Espejo & López-Ferr.

epithet: occulta

codes: MXG MXT MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: epiphyte or lithophyte

authors: Mart.-Correa, Espejo & López-Ferr.

published_in: Acta Bot. Mex. 106: 132

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: catopsis-oerstediana

scientific: Catopsis oerstediana

authorship: Mez

epithet: oerstediana

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Mez

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 9: 630

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catopsis-paniculata

scientific: Catopsis paniculata

epithet: paniculata

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Costa Rica

code: COS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: hort. ex Gentil

published_in: Liste Pl. Cult. Serres Chaudes Jard. Bot. État 48 (1907), nomen

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catopsis-sessiliflora

scientific: Catopsis sessiliflora

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

epithet: sessiliflora

preferred: sessileleaf strap airplant

Bromelia sessiliflora

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Lodd. ex G.Don

Catopsis aloides

authorship: (Schltdl. & Cham.) Baker

Catopsis nutans var. erecta

authorship: Wittm.

Catopsis schindleri

authorship: Mez & Wercklé

Catopsis tenuis

authorship: Cufod.

Pogospermum sessiliflorum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Brongn.

Tillandsia aloides

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Tussacia aloides

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) É.Morren ex Baker

Tussacia apicroides

authorship: Beer

Tussacia sessiliflora

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUA GUY HAI HON LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: catoscopium-nigritum

scientific: Catoscopium nigritum

authorship: (Hedw.) Brid.

genus: Catoscopium

epithet: nigritum

family: Catoscopiaceae

preferred: black golf club moss

Bryum nigritum

authorship: (Hedw.) Dicks.

Grimmia nigrita

authorship: (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr

Weissia nigrita

authorship: Hedw.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
black golf club moss
Down-looking Moss

names: Катоскопиум чернеющий

names:
Dunkles Schwarzkopfmoos
Schwarzkopfmoos

names:
noiraude bâton-de-golf
noirette commune

names: svartknoppmossa svartknoppsmossa

names:
Knappenålsmos
Mørk knappenålmos

names: Катаскопіум чарнеючы

value: nonvascular

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cattleya-cernua

scientific: Cattleya cernua

authorship: (Lindl.) Van den Berg

genus: Cattleya

epithet: cernua

published_in: Neodiversity 5: 13 (2010)

Cattleya cernua var. alagoensis

authorship: (Gomes Ferreira) K.A.Roberts

Cattleya cernua var. albiflora

authorship: (Cogn.) K.A.Roberts

Cattleya cernua var. endsfeldzii

authorship: (Pabst) K.A.Roberts

Epidendrum humile

authorship: Vell.

Sophronia cernua

authorship: Lindl.

Sophronia pterocarpa

authorship: (Lindl. & Paxton) Kuntze

Sophronitis cernua

authorship: (Lindl.) Sweet

authorship: (Lindl.) Lindl.

Sophronitis cernua var. alagoensis

authorship: Gomes Ferreira

Sophronitis cernua var. albiflora

authorship: Cogn.

Sophronitis cernua var. endsfeldzii

authorship: Pabst

Sophronitis hoffmannseggii

authorship: Rchb.f. ex Hoffmanns.

Sophronitis isopetala

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Sophronitis pterocarpa

authorship: Lindl. & Paxton

codes: AGE BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

lifeform: pseudobulbous epiphyte or lithophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: lithophyte

authors: (Lindl.) Van den Berg

published_in: Neodiversity 5(1): 13

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cattleya-harrisoniana

scientific: Cattleya harrisoniana

authorship: Bateman ex Lindl.

epithet: harrisoniana

preferred: Harrison's Cattleya

Cattleya brownii

authorship: Rolfe

Cattleya concolor

authorship: Drapiez

Cattleya harrisoniae

authorship: Paxton

Cattleya harrisoniana f. alba

authorship: (Beer) F.Barros & J.A.N.Bat.

authorship: (Beer) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Cattleya harrisoniana var. alba

authorship: Beer

Cattleya harrisonii

authorship: hort. ex Duchartre

Cattleya loddigesii var. harrisoniae

authorship: (Paxton) A.H.Kent

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Bateman ex Lindl.

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 22: sub t. 1919

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cattleya-intermedia

scientific: Cattleya intermedia

authorship: Graham ex Hook.

epithet: intermedia

Bletia lindleyana

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.

Cattleya gibeziae

authorship: L.Linden & Rodigas

Cattleya intermedia f. amethystina

authorship: (C.Morren) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Cattleya intermedia f. parthenia

authorship: (Rchb.f.) F.Barros & J.A.N.Bat.

authorship: (Rchb.f.) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Cattleya intermedia var. amethystina

authorship: (C.Morren ex Lem.) Fowlie

Cattleya intermedia var. angustifolia

authorship: Hook.

Cattleya intermedia var. gibeziae

authorship: (L.Linden & Rodigas) L.Linden & Rodigas

Cattleya intermedia var. pallida

authorship: Lindl.

Cattleya intermedia var. punctatissima

authorship: Sander

Cattleya loddigesii var. amethystina

authorship: C.Morren ex Lem.

Epidendrum canaliculatum

authorship: Vell.

Epidendrum intermedium

authorship: (Graham ex Hook.) Rchb.f.

Laelia lindleyana

authorship: (Rchb.f.) G.Nicholson

authorship: (Rchb.f.) H.J.Veitch

codes: BZS BZL PAR

lifeform: pseudobulbous geophyte or epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: കാറ്റില്യ ഇന്റർമീഡിയ

authors: Graham

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cattleya-rupestris

scientific: Cattleya rupestris

authorship: (Lindl.) Van den Berg

epithet: rupestris

published_in: Neodiversity 3: 11 (2008)

Bletia rupestris

authorship: (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

Hoffmannseggella rupestris

authorship: (Lindl.) V.P.Castro & Chiron

Sophronitis mirandae

authorship: Van den Berg & M.W.Chase

lifeform: lithophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Neodiversity 3(1): 11

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cattleya-schroederae

scientific: Cattleya schroederae

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Sander

epithet: schroederae

Cattleya schroederae f. alba

authorship: (Sander) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Colombia

code: CLM

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 1: 512

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cattleya-tigrina

scientific: Cattleya tigrina

epithet: tigrina

Cattleya guttata var. leopardina

authorship: L.Linden & Rodigas

Cattleya guttata var. leopoldii

authorship: (Verschaff. ex Lem.) Linden & Rchb.f.

Cattleya guttata var. purpurea

authorship: Cogn.

Cattleya leopoldii

authorship: Verschaff. ex Lem.

Cattleya leopoldii f. alba

authorship: (Fowlie) F.Barros & J.A.N.Bat.

authorship: (Fowlie) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Cattleya leopoldii f. caerulea

authorship: (L.C.Menezes) F.Barros & J.A.N.Bat.

authorship: (L.C.Menezes) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Cattleya leopoldii f. immaculata

authorship: (Rchb.f.) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Cattleya leopoldii var. alba

authorship: Fowlie

Cattleya leopoldii var. immaculata

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Fowlie

Cattleya leopoldii var. leopardina

authorship: (L.Linden & Rodigas) Fowlie

Cattleya tigrina f. alba

authorship: (Fowlie) K.A.Roberts

Cattleya tigrina var. immaculata

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Braem

Cattleya tigrina var. leopardina

authorship: (L.Linden & Rodigas) Braem

Cattleya tigrina var. purpurea

authorship: (Cogn.) Braem

Epidendrum elatius var. leopoldii

authorship: (Verschaff. ex Lem.) Rchb.f.

codes: BZE BZS BZL

authors: A.Rich. ex Beer

published_in: Prakt. Stud. Orchid. 215

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: cattleya-trianae

scientific: Cattleya trianae

authorship: Linden & Rchb.f.

epithet: trianae

published_in: Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 3: 67 (1860)

Cattleya bogotensis

authorship: Linden

Cattleya kimballiana

authorship: L.Linden & Rodigas

Cattleya labiata var. ernestii

authorship: Sander

Cattleya labiata var. trianae

authorship: (Linden & Rchb.f.) Regel

Cattleya trianae f. alba

authorship: (L.Linden & Rodigas) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Cattleya trianae f. crawshayana

authorship: De B.Crawshay

Cattleya trianae var. backhausiana

authorship: Anon.

Cattleya trianae var. mariae

authorship: Cogn. & A.Gooss.

Cattleya trianae var. massangeana

authorship: (Rchb.f.) B.S.Williams

Cattleya trianae var. splendidissima

authorship: B.S.Williams & T.Moore

Epidendrum labiatum var. trianae

authorship: (Linden & Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 195 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Christmas orchid
winter cattleya

names: Каттлея Трианы

authors: Linden & Rchb.f.

published_in: Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Konigl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 67

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cattleya-violacea

scientific: Cattleya violacea

authorship: (Kunth) Lindl.

epithet: violacea

preferred: Violet Cattleya

Cattleya schomburgkii

authorship: Lodd. ex Lindl.

Cattleya superba

authorship: R.H.Schomb. ex Lindl.

Cattleya superba var. alba

authorship: Rolfe

Cattleya superba var. splendens

authorship: Lem.

Cattleya violacea f. alba

authorship: (Rolfe) Christenson

Cattleya violacea var. alba

authorship: (Rolfe) Fowlie

Cattleya violacea var. ashworthii

authorship: (Anon.) Braem

Cattleya violacea var. huebneri

authorship: Schltr.

Cattleya violacea var. splendens

authorship: (Lem.) Fowlie

Cymbidium violaceum

authorship: Kunth

Epidendrum superbum

authorship: (R.H.Schomb. ex Lindl.) Rchb.f.

Epidendrum violaceum

authorship: (Kunth) Rchb.f.

codes: BOL BZN BZL BZC CLM ECU FRG GUY PER SUR VEN

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Каттлея фиолетовая

authors: (Kunth) Rolfe

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 5: 802


slug: catunaregam-spinosa

scientific: Catunaregam spinosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Tirveng.

genus: Catunaregam

epithet: spinosa

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 3, Bot.  35: 13 (1978)

Canthium chinense

authorship: Pers.

Canthium coronatum

authorship: Lam.

Canthium spinosum

authorship: (Thunb.) J.St.-Hil.

Catunaregam brandisii

authorship: Kottaim.

Ceriscus malabaricus

authorship: Gaertn.

Gardenia dumetorum

authorship: Retz.

Gardenia dumosa

authorship: Salisb.

Gardenia floribunda

authorship: (Roxb.) Spreng.

Gardenia glabra

authorship: R.Br. ex Wall.

Gardenia latifolia

authorship: Schltdl. ex Hook.f.

Gardenia spinosa

authorship: Thunb.

Gardenia stipularis

authorship: Rottler

Genipa dumetorum

authorship: (Retz.) Baill.

Narega coduva

authorship: Raf.

Posoqueria dumetorum

authorship: (Retz.) Willd. ex Roxb.

Posoqueria floribunda

authorship: Roxb.

Randia brandisii

authorship: Gamble

Randia dumetorum

authorship: (Retz.) Poir.

authorship: (Retz.) Lam.

Randia floribunda

authorship: (Roxb.) DC.

Randia lachnosiphonium

authorship: Hochst.

Randia oxypetala

authorship: Lindl.

Randia rottleri

authorship: Wight & Arn.

Randia spinosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Poir.

Randia stipulosa

authorship: Miq.

Randia uniflora

authorship: Regel

Solena dumetorum

authorship: (Retz.) D.Dietr.

Solena floribunda

authorship: (Roxb.) D.Dietr.

Xeromphis spinosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Keay

codes: KEN TAN CHC CHS CHH TAI BAN CBD EHM IND JAW LAO MLY MYA NEP PAK SRL THA VIE WHM

Kenya

code: KEN

Tanzania

code: TAN

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 273 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Катунарегам колючий

names: गेळ गेळa=மருக்காரை

partners:
Artipe eryx
Cephonodes picus
Acraea terpsicore
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Axis axis
Badamia exclamationis
Boselaphus tragocamelus