slug: euphorbia-comosa

scientific: Euphorbia comosa

authorship: Vell.

epithet: comosa

Euphorbia lupulina

authorship: Boiss.

codes: AGE BOL BZE BZL BZC CLM SUR VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Suriname

code: SUR

region: Northern South America

Venezuela

code: VEN

label: Least Concern

authors: Vell.

published_in: Fl. Flumin. 202

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: euphorbia-concanensis

scientific: Euphorbia concanensis

authorship: Janarth. & S.R.Yadav

genus: Euphorbia

epithet: concanensis

family: Euphorbiaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Chamaesyce concanensis

authorship: (Janarth. & S.R.Yadav) V.S.Raju

authorship: (Janarth. & S.R.Yadav) S.R.Dutta & M.R.Almeida

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

India

code: IND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

label: Life form

category: Form and habit

value: chamaephyte

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Janarth. & S.R.Yadav

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: euphorbia-condylocarpa

scientific: Euphorbia condylocarpa

epithet: condylocarpa

Euphorbia amplexicaulis

authorship: Ledeb.

Euphorbia cardiophylla

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Tithymalus amplexicaulis

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus cardiophyllus

authorship: (Boiss. & Heldr.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: IRN IRQ NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

Iraq

code: IRQ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 218 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

names: Молочай членистоплодный

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

value: herb

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Apr-May

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 377

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: euphorbia-conferta

scientific: Euphorbia conferta

authorship: (Small) B.E.Sm.

epithet: conferta

published_in: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 62: 82 (1946)

preferred: Everglade Key sandmat

source: usda

Chamaesyce conferta

authorship: Small

Florida

code: FLA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

lifeform: annual

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: annual

authors: (Small) B.E.Sm.

published_in: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 62(1): 82

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCO10

license: public domain

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-confinalis

scientific: Euphorbia confinalis

epithet: confinalis

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: SWZ MOZ TVL ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: succulent shrub or tree

names:
Lebombo Naboom
Lebombo euphorbia

value: tree

value: woody

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

published_in: Bothalia vi. 222 (1951)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-cooperi

scientific: Euphorbia cooperi

authorship: N.E.Br. ex A.Berger

epithet: cooperi

published_in: Sukkul. Euphorb. : 83 (1907 publ. 1906)

preferred: candelabra Tree

source: wikidata

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: BOT SWZ NAT MLW MOZ TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

Zambia

code: ZAM

lifeform: succulent tree

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 436 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
candelabra Tree
Bushveld Candelabra Euphorbia

names: Молочай Купера

value: shrub

value: phanerophyte

value: 7 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Fruit type

value: berry

source: Wikidata

authors: N.E.Br. ex A.Berger

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-copiapina

scientific: Euphorbia copiapina

authorship: Phil.

epithet: copiapina

Euphorbia subumbellata

authorship: Steud. ex Boiss.

Chile North

code: CLN

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: geophyte

authors: Phil.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-cordifolia

scientific: Euphorbia cordifolia

authorship: Elliott

epithet: cordifolia

published_in: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 656 (1824)

preferred: heartleaf sandmat

Chamaesyce cordifolia

authorship: (Elliott) Small

Euphorbia ludoviciana

authorship: Raf.

authorship: Featherm.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA OKL SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 198 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

authors: Elliott

published_in: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 656

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCO11


slug: euphorbia-corollata

scientific: Euphorbia corollata

authorship: L.

epithet: corollata

preferred: flowering spurge

source: inat

Agaloma arundelana

authorship: (Bartlett) Nieuwl.

Agaloma joorii

authorship: (Norton) Nieuwl.

Agaloma marylandica

authorship: House

Agaloma olivacea

authorship: (Small) Nieuwl.

Euphorbia arundelana

authorship: Bartlett

Euphorbia corollata var. glauca

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia corollata var. grandiflora

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia corollata var. joorii

authorship: Norton

Euphorbia corollata var. viridiflora

authorship: Farw.

Euphorbia discolor

authorship: Bertol.

Euphorbia marilandica

authorship: Greene

Galarhoeus corollatus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tithymalopsis corollata

authorship: (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

authorship: (L.) Small

Tithymalopsis joorii

authorship: (Norton) Small

Tithymalopsis olivacea

authorship: (Small) Small

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2104 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай венчиконосный

partners:
Ancyloxypha numitor
Anthrenus museorum
Apis mellifera
Archytas aterrima
Augochlorella aurata
Augochlorella persimilis
Bombylius atriceps
Cerceris clypeata

partners:
Anacrabro ocellatus
Augochlorella aurata
Chariesterus antennator
Leucospis affinis
Parancistrocerus pedestris
Toxomerus geminatus
Toxomerus marginatus
Toxomerus politus

partners:
Monarda punctata
Anacrabro ocellatus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus catskill
Cerceris fumipennis
Ceropales maculata fraterna
Ceropales maculata maculata
Ceropales maculata rhodomera

partners:
Anacrabro ocellatus
Euodynerus foraminatus
Polistes fuscatus
Allograpta obliqua
Alydus eurinus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Aphis pulchella
Augochlora pura

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: euphorbia-cossoniana

scientific: Euphorbia cossoniana

epithet: cossoniana

Euphorbia cossoniana var. maroccana

authorship: Batt.

Tithymalus cossonianus

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

codes: ALG MOR TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 135

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-cotinifolia

scientific: Euphorbia cotinifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: cotinifolia

preferred: Mexican shrubby spurge

Aklema cotinifolia

authorship: (L.) Millsp.

Alectoroctonum caracasanum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Alectoroctonum cotinifolium

authorship: (L.) Schltdl.

Alectoroctonum scotanum

authorship: Schltdl.

Euphorbia caracasana

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

Euphorbia cotinoides

authorship: Miq.

Euphorbia cotinoides var. riedeliana

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Müll.Arg.

Euphorbia scotana

authorship: (Schltdl.) Boiss.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BOL BZN CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NLA NIC PAN PER SWC SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

region: Caribbean

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

Suriname

code: SUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 571 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mexican shrubby spurge
Caribbean copperplant


slug: euphorbia-cowellii

scientific: Euphorbia cowellii

authorship: (Britton) Oudejans

epithet: cowellii

published_in: Phytologia 67: 45. 1989

preferred: Cowell's sandmat

Chamaesyce cowellii

authorship: Millsp. ex Britton

codes: DOM PUE

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

lifeform: subshrub

climate: wet tropical

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: chamaephyte

authors: (Britton) Oudejans

published_in: Phytologia 67: 45

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCO8

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-cozumelensis

scientific: Euphorbia cozumelensis

authorship: Millsp.

epithet: cozumelensis

published_in: Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 61 (1900)

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

authors: Millsp.

published_in: Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 61, tab. 63


slug: euphorbia-crassipes

scientific: Euphorbia crassipes

authorship: Marloth

epithet: crassipes

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 318 (1910)

Euphorbia eendornensis

authorship: Dinter

Euphorbia hopetownensis

authorship: Nel

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: succulent subshrub

names: 菊梨伽罗玉 蛮龙角

authors: Marloth

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 318

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-crenulata

scientific: Euphorbia crenulata

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: crenulata

preferred: Chinese caps

Euphorbia crenulata var. franciscana

authorship: Norton

Euphorbia leptocera

authorship: Engelm. ex Torr.

Euphorbia leptocera var. crenulata

authorship: (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Boiss.

Tithymalus crenulatus

authorship: (Engelm.) A.Heller

Tithymalus franciscanus

authorship: (Norton) A.Heller

Tithymalus leptocerus

authorship: Arthur

Tithymalus mancus

authorship: (A.Nelson) A.Heller

codes: CAL COL MXN NWM ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oregon

code: ORE

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese caps
Chinesecaps

value: herb

value: biennial

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 192


slug: euphorbia-cristata

scientific: Euphorbia cristata

authorship: B.Heyne ex Roth

epithet: cristata

Chamaesyce cristata

authorship: (B.Heyne ex Roth) G.L.Webster

Chamaesyce fimbriata subsp. burmanica

authorship: (Panigrahi) K.S.Rao & M.N.V.Prasad

Chamaesyce laciniata subsp. burmanica

authorship: (Panigrahi) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

Euphorbia cristata var. major

authorship: Roth

Euphorbia laciniata subsp. burmanica

authorship: Panigrahi

Lophobios cristata

authorship: (B.Heyne ex Roth) Raf.

codes: BAN IND MYA SRL THA WHM

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

West Himalaya

code: WHM

authors: B.Heyne ex Roth

published_in: Nov. Pl. Sp. 226


slug: euphorbia-crotonoides

scientific: Euphorbia crotonoides

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: crotonoides

Euphorbia holstii var. hebecarpa

authorship: Pax

Euphorbia systyloides var. hebecarpa

authorship: (Pax) N.E.Br.

codes: ANG BOT ETH KEN MLW MOZ NAM TVL SUD TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Kenya

code: KEN

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

value: non-woody

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 98


slug: euphorbia-cumulicola

scientific: Euphorbia cumulicola

authorship: (Small) Oudejans

epithet: cumulicola

preferred: coastal dune sandmat

Chamaesyce cumulicola

authorship: Small

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Small) Oudejans

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHCU4

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-cuphosperma

scientific: Euphorbia cuphosperma

authorship: (Engelm.) Boiss.

epithet: cuphosperma

preferred: hairy-fruit spurge

Euphorbia dentata f. cuphosperma

authorship: (Engelm. ex Torr.) Fernald

Euphorbia dentata var. cuphosperma

authorship: Engelm.

Poinsettia cuphosperma

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Poinsettia dentata var. cuphosperma

authorship: (Engelm.) Mohlenbr.

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXS NWM GUA

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hairy-fruit spurge
Hairy-fruited Spurge

authors: (Engelm.) Boiss.


slug: euphorbia-cupularis

scientific: Euphorbia cupularis

epithet: cupularis

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 23 (1860)

Euphorbia synadenia

authorship: Baill.

Synadenium cupulare

authorship: (Boiss.) Wheeler ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

codes: SWZ NAT MOZ TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

region: South Tropical Africa

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Crying-Tree
Deadman's Tree

names:
dooieman's boom
dooiemansboom

names: sidletjana umdletshana

names: mulamba-noni mulamba-nėoni

names: umDletshane umbulele

value: 6 m

value: perennial

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 23


slug: euphorbia-curtisii

scientific: Euphorbia curtisii

authorship: Engelm. ex Chapm.

epithet: curtisii

preferred: Curtis' spurge

Agaloma curtisii

authorship: (Engelm. ex Chapm.) Nieuwl.

Agaloma eriogonoides

authorship: (Small) Nieuwl.

Euphorbia ruegeliana

authorship: Shuttlew. ex Boiss.

Tithymalopsis curtisii

authorship: (Engelm. ex Chapm.) Small

Tithymalopsis eriogonoides

authorship: (Small) Small

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Curtis' spurge
Curtis's spurge

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Engelm. ex Chapm.

published_in: Fl. South. U.S. 401

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-cymosa

scientific: Euphorbia cymosa

authorship: Poir.

epithet: cymosa

Alectoroctonum nudiflorum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia nudiflora

authorship: Jacq.

Tithymalus nudiflorus

authorship: Haw.

codes: CLM JAM WIN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Jamaica

code: JAM

Windward Is.

code: WIN

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Poir.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 2. 611


slug: euphorbia-cyparissias

scientific: Euphorbia cyparissias

authorship: L.

epithet: cyparissias

preferred: cypress spurge

english:
cypress spurge
Cypress Spurge

Esula cupressina

authorship: Gray

Esula minor

authorship: Garsault

Euphorbia cyparissias var. degeneri

authorship: Gaudin

Euphorbia cyparissias var. esuloides

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia cyparissias var. major

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia esuloides

authorship: (DC.) Ten.

Euphorbia punctata

authorship: Krock.

Euphorbia tyraica

authorship: Klokov & Artemcz.

Galarhoeus cyparissias

authorship: Small ex Rydb.

Keraselma cyparissias

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus acicularis

authorship: Dulac

Tithymalus angustifolius

authorship: Gilib.

Tithymalus cyparissias

authorship: (L.) Hill

codes: TUR WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

region: Siberia

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Føroyar

code: FOR

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2032 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай кипарисовый

names: イトスギトウダイ マツバトウダイ

names:
Euphorbe petit cyprès
Euphorbe petit-cypres

names:
Молочай кипарисовидний
Молочай кипарисоподібний

partners:
Parasyrphus relictus
Andrena nitidiuscula
Bellardia pandia
Botanophila fugax
Botanophila striolata
Calliphora vomitoria
Cheilosia shirakii
Cheilosia vicina

partners:
Eristalis flavipes
Andrena milwaukeensis
Anthaxia nitidula
Anthidium punctatum
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bombus impatiens
Callophrys rubi
Cantharis livida

partners:
Adela viridella
Andrena carantonica
Andrena fulvata
Corizus hyoscyami
Eristalinus aeneus
Macrophya montana
Macrophya teutona
Malachius bipustulatus

partners:
Hyles euphorbiae
Malacosoma castrensis
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta auricoma
Acronicta cinerea
Acronicta euphorbiae
Acronicta rumicis
Actebia praecox

partners:
Uromyces pisi-sativi
Melampsora euphorbiae
Uromyces euphorbiae-corniculatae
Uromyces scutellatus
Uromyces striatus

partners:
Uromyces pisi-sativi
Uromyces scutellatus

partners:
Uromyces pisi-sativi
Uromyces euphorbiae-corniculatae
Uromyces scutellatus
Uromyces striatus

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: euphorbia-dallachyana

scientific: Euphorbia dallachyana

authorship: Baill.

epithet: dallachyana

Chamaesyce dallachyana

authorship: (Baill.) D.C.Hassall

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

value: capsule

authors: Baill.

published_in: Adansonia 6: 285


slug: euphorbia-damarana

scientific: Euphorbia damarana

epithet: damarana

Tirucalia damarana

authorship: (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ANG NAM

Angola

code: ANG

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: semisucculent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Damara Euphorbia
Damara Milkbush

value: woody

value: 3 m


slug: euphorbia-davidii

scientific: Euphorbia davidii

authorship: Subils

epithet: davidii

preferred: David's spurge

Euphorbia dentata var. gracillima

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia dentata var. lancifolia

authorship: Farw.

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NWM AGE

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
David's spurge
Toothed Spurge

names: 戴维大戟 大衛大戟

names: Молочай Давида

names:
/
Euphorbe de David

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Euodynerus annulatus
Strymon melinus

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae
Aphthona atrocaerulea

source: GIFT

value: annual

authors: Subils

published_in: Kurtziana 17: 125(-128), figs


slug: euphorbia-davyi

scientific: Euphorbia davyi

epithet: davyi

Euphorbia bergii

authorship: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: succulent tuberous subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Northern Lionspoor
Northern Lionspoor Barrelwort

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: euphorbia-deccanensis

scientific: Euphorbia deccanensis

epithet: deccanensis

name: Chamaesyce katrajensis var. kasaragodensis

authorship: (V.J.Nair, Binojk. & R.Ansari) V.S.Raju

Chamaesyce linearifolia

authorship: (Roth) Soják

name: Chamaesyce linearifolia var. nallamalayana

authorship: (J.L.Ellis) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

name: Euphorbia katrajensis var. kasaragodensis

authorship: V.J.Nair, Binojk. & R.Ansari

Euphorbia linearifolia

authorship: Roth

name: Euphorbia linearifolia var. nallamalayana

Euphorbia linearis

authorship: B.Heyne ex Roth

codes: CBD IND THA

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Thailand

code: THA

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: euphorbia-decepta

scientific: Euphorbia decepta

epithet: decepta

Euphorbia astrophora

authorship: Marx

Euphorbia brevirama var. astrophora

authorship: (Marx) Marx & van Veldh.

Euphorbia brevirama var. supraterra

authorship: Marx & van Veldh.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

names:
Sputnik
Sputnik Barrelwort

names: 干氏大戟 扁压大戟


slug: euphorbia-degeneri

scientific: Euphorbia degeneri

authorship: Sherff

epithet: degeneri

preferred: beach sandmat

Anisophyllum cordatum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce cordata

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Arthur

Chamaesyce degeneri

authorship: (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.

Euphorbia cordata

authorship: Meyen

Hawaii

code: HAW

continent: PACIFIC

region: North-Central Pacific

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

authors: Sherff

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHDE6


slug: euphorbia-deltoidea

scientific: Euphorbia deltoidea

authorship: Chapm.

epithet: deltoidea

preferred: wedge sandmat

Chamaesyce adhaerens

authorship: Small

Chamaesyce deltoidea

authorship: (Chapm.) Small

Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. adhaerens

authorship: (Small) A.Herndon

Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. serpyllum

authorship: (Small) D.G.Burch

Euphorbia adhaerens

authorship: (Small) Jabl.

Euphorbia deltoidea var. adhaerens

authorship: (Small) Oudejans

Euphorbia smallii

authorship: Oudejans

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

published_in: Fl. South. U.S., ed. 3. 425

note: common name, checklist symbol CHDE7


slug: euphorbia-dendroides

scientific: Euphorbia dendroides

authorship: L.

epithet: dendroides

preferred: Tree Spurge

english:
Tree Spurge
tree spurge

Esula dendroides

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Euphorbia dendroides f. angustifolia

authorship: Marcos

Euphorbia dendroides var. hesperia

authorship: Jahand. & Maire

Euphorbia dendroides var. longeradiata

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia divaricata

authorship: Jacq.

Euphorbia laeta

authorship: Aiton

Euphorbion dendroideum

authorship: (L.) St.-Lag.

Tithymalus arboreus

authorship: Lam.

Tithymalus dendroides

authorship: (L.) Hill

Tithymalus laetus

authorship: (Aiton) Haw.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1991 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tree Spurge
woody spurge

names: Молочай древовидный

names:
Baumartige Wolfsmilch
Baumförmige Wolfsmilch

names: Ευφορβία η δενδροειδής

partners:
Apis mellifera
Diptera
Eumerus
Formicidae
Lasioglossum
Monomorium
Mordellistena
Musca autumnalis


slug: euphorbia-dentata

scientific: Euphorbia dentata

authorship: Michx.

epithet: dentata

preferred: green poinsettia

english:
green poinsettia
toothed spurge

Anisophyllum dentatum

authorship: (Michx.) Haw.

Euphorbia aureocincta

authorship: Croizat

Euphorbia dentata var. linearis

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia dentata var. rigida

authorship: Engelm. ex Torr.

Euphorbia fontanesii

authorship: Steud.

Euphorbia herronii

authorship: Riddell

Euphorbia purpureomaculata

authorship: T.J.Feng & J.X.Huang

Poinsettia dentata

authorship: (Michx.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ARK INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MXE MIC MSI MSO NEB OHI OKL SDA TEN TEX WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2060 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
toothed spurge
Toothed Euphorbia

names: 齿裂大戟 紫斑大戟

names: Молочай зубчатый

names:
Euphorbe dentée
euphorbe à feuilles dentées

partners:
Glyptina cyanipennis
Synema parvulum

partners:
Apis mellifera
Chauliognathus lewisi
Cyrtonyx montezumae
Dioprosopa clavatus

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.


slug: euphorbia-dentosa

scientific: Euphorbia dentosa

epithet: dentosa

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 439 (1922)

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 439

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.


slug: euphorbia-didiereoides

scientific: Euphorbia didiereoides

authorship: Denis ex Leandri

epithet: didiereoides

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 6: 121 (1934)

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub or shrub

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

value: evergreen

authors: Denis ex Leandri

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 6: 121

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification


slug: euphorbia-dimorphocaulon

scientific: Euphorbia dimorphocaulon

epithet: dimorphocaulon

Tithymalus dimorphocaulon

authorship: (P.H.Davis) Soják

codes: CYP EAI TUR KRI

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

Kriti

code: KRI

region: Southeastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай двоякостебельный

published_in: Phyton (Horn) 1: 196

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: euphorbia-dioeca

scientific: Euphorbia dioeca

authorship: Kunth

epithet: dioeca

preferred: royal sandmat

source: usda

Anisophyllum dioecum

authorship: (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce bryophylla

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce dioica

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia chiogenoides

authorship: Rusby

Euphorbia multiflora

authorship: Willd. ex Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia urbani

authorship: (Millsp.) Oudejans

Euphorbia villosula

authorship: Urb.

codes: MXG MXN MXT MXS ARU BZE CLM COS CUB DOM ECU GUA GUY HAI HON NLA NIC PAN TRT VEN VNA

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 224 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form


slug: euphorbia-discoidalis

scientific: Euphorbia discoidalis

authorship: Chapm.

epithet: discoidalis

preferred: summer spurge

Agaloma corollata var. angustifolia

authorship: (Elliott) Raf.

Agaloma discoidalis

authorship: (Chapm.) Nieuwl.

Euphorbia corollata var. angustifolia

authorship: Elliott

Tithymalopsis angustifolia

authorship: (Elliott) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalopsis discoidalis

authorship: (Chapm.) Small

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: Chapm.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: euphorbia-dregeana

scientific: Euphorbia dregeana

epithet: dregeana

Euphorbia elastica

authorship: Marloth

Tirucalia dregeana

authorship: (Boiss.) P.V.Heath

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 174 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 2 m

value: CAM

published_in: Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 184

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-duckei

scientific: Euphorbia duckei

authorship: (Croizat) Oudejans

epithet: duckei

published_in: Phytologia 67: 45. 1989

Chamaesyce duckei

authorship: Croizat

Brazil North

code: BZN

authors: (Croizat) Oudejans

published_in: Phytologia 67: 45

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: euphorbia-dulcis

scientific: Euphorbia dulcis

authorship: L.

epithet: dulcis

preferred: sweet spurge

source: wikidata

Euphorbia alpigena

authorship: Kern.

Euphorbia angulata subsp. deseglisei

authorship: (Boreau ex Boiss.) Nyman

Euphorbia cordata

authorship: Schrank

Euphorbia deseglisei

authorship: Boreau ex Bois.

Euphorbia dulcis f. lanuginosa

authorship: (Peterm.) Oudejans

Euphorbia dulcis f. longeradiata

authorship: Bolzon

Euphorbia dulcis prol. deseglisei

authorship: (Boreau ex Boiss.) Rouy

Euphorbia dulcis subsp. incompta

authorship: (Ces.) Nyman

Euphorbia dulcis subsp. purpurata

authorship: (Thuill.) Rothm.

Euphorbia dulcis var. alpigena

authorship: (A.Kern.) Nyman

Euphorbia dulcis var. chloradenia

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia dulcis var. deseglisei

authorship: (Boreau ex Bois.) P.Fourn.

Euphorbia dulcis var. laevis

authorship: Merino

Euphorbia dulcis var. lanuginosa

authorship: (Lam.) Pers.

authorship: Peterm.

Euphorbia dulcis var. lasiocarpa

authorship: Neilr.

Euphorbia dulcis var. viridiflora

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman

Euphorbia fallax

authorship: Hagenb.

Euphorbia hiberna

authorship: Lepech.

Euphorbia incompta

authorship: Ces.

Euphorbia lanuginosa

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia patens

authorship: Kit.

Euphorbia purpurata

authorship: Thuill.

Euphorbia purpurata var. elliptica

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia solisequa

authorship: Rchb.

Euphorbia viridiflora

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Galarhoeus dulcis

authorship: Haw.

Pythius dulcis

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus alpigena

authorship: (A.Kern.) Woerl.

Tithymalus deseglisei

authorship: (Boreau ex Boiss.) Soják

Tithymalus dulcis

authorship: Scop.

Tithymalus dulcis subsp. ellipticus

authorship: (Pers.) Soják

Tithymalus dulcis subsp. incomptus

authorship: (Ces.) Soják

Tithymalus dulcis subsp. purpuratus

authorship: (Thuill.) Holub

codes: AUT BLR BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG POL POR ROM SIC SPA SWI UKR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

region: Eastern Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1994 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
حلبلوب كثيف
فربيون كثيف

names: Молочай сладкий

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus
Anas platyrhynchos

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Peronospora euphorbiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: euphorbia-durandoi

scientific: Euphorbia durandoi

authorship: Chabert

epithet: durandoi

codes: ALG TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

Tunisia

code: TUN

lifeform: biennial or perennial

authors: Chabert

published_in: J. Bot. (Morot) 14: 70

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


scientific: Euphorbia ecklonii

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) A.Hässl.

epithet: ecklonii

Euphorbia pistiaefolia

authorship: Boiss.

Tithymalus ecklonii

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

authors: (Klotzsch & Garcke) A.Hässl.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Baill.

authors: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Baill.

published_in: Adansonia 3(5): 144

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-eichleri

scientific: Euphorbia eichleri

epithet: eichleri

Chamaesyce eichleri

authorship: (Müll.Arg.) Croizat

codes: AGE AGW PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Paraguay

code: PAR

value: chamaephyte

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: euphorbia-elliptica

scientific: Euphorbia elliptica

authorship: Lam.

epithet: elliptica

Euphorbia heterophylla var. elliptica

authorship: Kuntze

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

value: herb

value: therophyte

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(2): 425


slug: euphorbia-enormis

scientific: Euphorbia enormis

epithet: enormis

Northern Provinces

code: TVL


slug: euphorbia-ephedroides

scientific: Euphorbia ephedroides

epithet: ephedroides

Euphorbia ephedroides var. imminuta

authorship: L.C.Leach & G.Will.

Tirucalia ephedroides

authorship: (Boiss.) P.V.Heath

Namibia

code: NAM


slug: euphorbia-epithymoides

scientific: Euphorbia epithymoides

authorship: L.

epithet: epithymoides

preferred: cushion spurge

Euphorbia epithymoides f. glabrescens

authorship: Rostański

Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. lingulata

authorship: (Heuff.) Nyman

Euphorbia epithymoides var. jacquinii

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia epithymoides var. polychroma

authorship: (A.Kern.) Nyman

Euphorbia fragifera

authorship: Schur

Euphorbia jacquinii

authorship: Fenzl ex Boiss.

Euphorbia lingulata

authorship: Heuff.

Euphorbia microsperma

authorship: (Murb.) Maly

Euphorbia polychroma

authorship: Kern.

Euphorbia polychroma f. denticulata

authorship: Rohlena

Euphorbia polychroma f. longifolia

authorship: Beck

Euphorbia polychroma subsp. lingulata

authorship: (Heuff.) Soó

Euphorbia polychroma subsp. microsperma

authorship: (Murb.) Beck

Euphorbia polychroma var. microsperma

authorship: Murb.

Euphorbia villosa

authorship: Friwald. ex Boiss.

Galarhoeus epithymoides

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Pythius epithymoides

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Tithymalus epithymoides

authorship: (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

name: Tithymalus epithymoides subsp. microspermus

authorship: (Murb.) Soják

name: Tithymalus epithymoides var. microspermus

Tithymalus jacquinii

authorship: (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Soják

Tithymalus lingulatus

authorship: (Heuff.) Soják

codes: TUR ALB AUT BUL CZE GER GRC HUN ITA YUG ROM UKR

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 829 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
Молочай многоцветковый
Молочай многоцветный

names:
Vielfarbige Wolfsmilch
Artengruppe Vielfarbige Wolfsmilch

names:
Euphorbe
Euphorbe faux thym

partners:
Anthocomus fasciatus
Apis mellifera
Eristalis arbustorum
Lycaena hypophlaeas
Sceliphron caementarium
Sphaerophoria
Syritta pipiens
Trichodezia albovittata

partners:
Eristalis arbustorum
Lycaena hypophlaeas
Misumena vatia
Sphaerophoria

partners:
Chamaesphecia euceraeformis
Eristalis arbustorum
Lycaena hypophlaeas
Sphaerophoria


slug: euphorbia-eriantha

scientific: Euphorbia eriantha

authorship: Benth.

epithet: eriantha

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 51 (1844)

preferred: beetle spurge

Poinsettia eriantha

authorship: (Benth.) Rose & Standl.

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1008 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
beetle spurge
Mexican poinsettia

names: Молочай шерстистоцветковый

value: non-woody

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 51


slug: euphorbia-erythroclada

scientific: Euphorbia erythroclada

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: erythroclada

Chamaesyce erythroclada

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 25


slug: euphorbia-esculenta

scientific: Euphorbia esculenta

authorship: Marloth

epithet: esculenta

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sweet Vingerpol
True Vingerpol

names: 星虫大戟 肥牛大戟

names: hottentotteuforbia sockereuforbia

authors: Marloth

published_in: Das Kapland 247 (1908)


slug: euphorbia-esula

scientific: Euphorbia esula

authorship: L.

epithet: esula

preferred: leafy spurge

Esula angustifolia

authorship: Haw.

Esula ararica

authorship: (Jord.) Fourr.

Esula major

authorship: Garsault

Esula vulgaris

authorship: Fourr.

Euphorbia acuta

authorship: Bellardi ex Colla

Euphorbia androsaemifolia

authorship: Willd.

name: Euphorbia androsaemifolia subsp. salicetorum

authorship: (Jord.) Nyman

Euphorbia angustifolia

authorship: (Haw.) Steud.

Euphorbia ararica

authorship: Jord.

Euphorbia borodinii

authorship: Sambuk

Euphorbia chankoana

authorship: Vorosch.

Euphorbia croizatii

authorship: (Hurus.) Kitag.

Euphorbia discolor

authorship: Ledeb.

Euphorbia discolor f. gracilis

authorship: Popov

Euphorbia discolor var. glabra

authorship: Loschk. & Polozhij

Euphorbia esula f. esulifolia

authorship: (Thell.) Kuzmanov

Euphorbia esula f. octoradiata

authorship: (H.Lév. & Vaniot) M.Kim

Euphorbia esula prol. paludosa

authorship: Rouy

Euphorbia esula subsp. aragonensis

authorship: Nyman

Euphorbia esula subsp. chankoana

authorship: (Vorosch.) Vorosch.

Euphorbia esula subsp. mosana

authorship: (Lej.) Rouy

Euphorbia esula subsp. pinifolia

authorship: (Lam.) P.Fourn.

name: Euphorbia esula subsp. pseudocyparissias

Euphorbia esula subsp. tristis

authorship: (Besser) Rouy

Euphorbia esula var. angustifolia

authorship: Schur

Euphorbia esula var. loreyi

authorship: (Jord.) Douin

Euphorbia esula var. maglicensis

authorship: (Rohlena) Hayek

Euphorbia esula var. mosana

authorship: (Lej.) Boiss.

authorship: (Lej.) Lej.

authorship: (Lej.) DC.

Euphorbia esula var. riparia

authorship: (Jord.) Schur

Euphorbia esula var. salicetorum

authorship: (Jord.) T.Durand

Euphorbia filicina

authorship: Port.

Euphorbia glomerulans

authorship: Prokh.

Euphorbia gmelinii

authorship: Steud.

Euphorbia gmelinii var. angustifolia

authorship: Krylov

Euphorbia imperfoliata

authorship: Vis.

Euphorbia intermedia

authorship: Bréb.

Euphorbia kaleniczenkii

authorship: Czern. ex Trautv.

Euphorbia kaleniczenkii var. nana

authorship: Hurus.

Euphorbia kaleniczenkoi

authorship: Czern.

Euphorbia leoncroizatii

authorship: Oudejans

Euphorbia lunulata

authorship: Bunge

Euphorbia maackii

authorship: Meinsh.

Euphorbia maglicensis

authorship: Rohlena

Euphorbia mandshurica

authorship: Maxim.

Euphorbia mosana

authorship: Lej.

Euphorbia octoradiata

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Euphorbia pinifolia

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia racemosa

authorship: Tausch ex Rchb.

Euphorbia tristis

authorship: Besser

Euphorbia virgata f. esulifolia

authorship: Thell.

Euphorbion esulum

authorship: (L.) St.-Lag.

Galarhoeus borodinii

authorship: (Sambuk) Prokh.

Galarhoeus esula

authorship: Rydb.

Galarhoeus esula f. caespitosus

authorship: (Hurus.) Hurus.

Galarhoeus esula f. maackii

authorship: (Meinsh.) Hurus.

Galarhoeus esula subsp. cyparissioides

authorship: (Boiss.) Hurus.

name: Tithymalus esula subsp. pseudocyparissias

codes: AZO AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRN IRK KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA LBS CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ SAK TZK TCS TKM TVA UZB WSB CHX YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG NET RUN RUW POL POR RUS SPA SWI UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2025 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Faitours-grass, Hungarian Spurge, Wolf's Milk, Leafy Spurge

names: Молочай острый

names: Молочай гострий

partners:
Andrena dorsata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena vaga
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina

partners:
Celastrina humulus
Chrysotoxum verralli
Culicidae
Diptera
Hymenoptera
Occidryas anicia capella
Papilio multicaudata
Andrena milwaukeensis

partners:
Aphthona flava
Leucospis affinis
Paragus haemorrhous
Stelis coarctata

partners:
Dicranocephalus medius
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Omphale euphorbiae
Podosphaera euphorbiae
Uromyces pisi-sativi
Uromyces scutellatus

quote: a strongly rooted (often growing in clumps), introduced broadleaf weed

quote: Leafy spurge is a noxious, introduced, aggressive invader plant

value: flowering begins in late May to mid-June but can extend to later months depending on latitude and environment


slug: euphorbia-exigua

scientific: Euphorbia exigua

authorship: L.

epithet: exigua

preferred: dwarf spurge

Esula diffusa

authorship: (Jacq.) Haw.

Esula exigua

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Esula tricuspidata

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Fourr.

Euphorbia diffusa

authorship: Jacq.

Euphorbia exigua f. caespitosa

authorship: Bolzon

Euphorbia exigua subsp. acuta

authorship: (L.) Ehrh.

Euphorbia exigua subsp. retusa

authorship: (L.) Arcang.

Euphorbia exigua subvar. tricuspidata

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Nyman

Euphorbia exigua var. melillensis

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia exigua var. merinoi

authorship: (M.Laínz) M.Laínz

Euphorbia exigua var. obtusa

authorship: Rosén & Wahlenb.

Euphorbia exigua var. tricuspidata

authorship: (Lapeyr.) W.D.J.Koch

Euphorbia melillensis

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Euphorbia retusa

authorship: Cav.

Euphorbia tricuspidata

authorship: Lapeyr.

Keraselma exiguum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Nisomenes diffusa

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

Tithymalus exiguus

authorship: (L.) Hill

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR CYP EAI LBS NCS PAL TUR ALB AUT BAL BLT BLR BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG NET NOR POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baleares

code: BAL

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Corse

code: COR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1186 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Молочай малый
Молочай ничтожный

names: Молочай дрібненький

names: חלבלוב צר-עלים

partners:
Andrena morio
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi

partners:
Chrysotoxum festivum
Chloromyia formosa
Eupeodes corollae
Oedemera
Syritta pipiens
Syrphus
Andrena morio
Andrena nitidiuscula

partners:
Harpalus affinis
Harpalus rufipes
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca

partners:
Melampsora euphorbiae
Uromyces tuberculatus
Podosphaera euphorbiae


slug: euphorbia-exilis

scientific: Euphorbia exilis

epithet: exilis

Euphorbia glandularis

authorship: L.C.Leach & G.Will.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub

value: perennial


slug: euphorbia-exserta

scientific: Euphorbia exserta

authorship: (Small) Coker

epithet: exserta

published_in: Pl. Life Hartsville : 88 (1912)

preferred: coastal sand spurge

Agaloma elliottii

authorship: House

Agaloma exserta

authorship: (Small) Nieuwl.

Agaloma gracilis

authorship: (Boiss.) Nieuwl.

Euphorbia gracilior

authorship: Cronquist

Euphorbia gracilis

authorship: Elliott

Euphorbia ipecacuanhae var. gracilis

authorship: Boiss.

Tithymalopsis exserta

authorship: Small

Tithymalus elliottii

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Xamesike gracilis

authorship: (Elliott) Raf.

codes: FLA GEO NCA SCA VRG

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (Small) Coker

published_in: Pl. Life Hartsville, S.C. 88

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-exstipulata

scientific: Euphorbia exstipulata

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: exstipulata

preferred: squareseed spurge

Chamaesyce exstipulata

authorship: (Engelm.) Rydb.

Euphorbia exstipulata var. lata

authorship: Warnock & M.C.Johnst.

Zygophyllidum exstipulatum

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NWM OKL TEX UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 104 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
squareseed spurge
Clark Mountain spurge

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 189

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-falcata

scientific: Euphorbia falcata

authorship: L.

epithet: falcata

preferred: sickle spurge

Esula falcata

authorship: Haw.

Esula obscura

authorship: (Loisel.) Fourr.

Euphorbia acuminata

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia arenaria

authorship: Willd. ex Ledeb.

Euphorbia arvensis

authorship: Kit.

authorship: Schleich. ex Steud.

Euphorbia caesaraugustana

authorship: Willk. & Lange

Euphorbia caudata

authorship: Boiss. & Hausskn.

Euphorbia falcata f. rubra

authorship: (Cav.) Nikolic

Euphorbia falcata subsp. acuminata

authorship: Simonk.

Euphorbia falcata subsp. lusitanica

authorship: (Daveau) Cout.

Euphorbia falcata subsp. macrostegia

authorship: (Bornm.) O.Schwarz

Euphorbia falcata subsp. rubra

authorship: (Cav.) Mateo & Figuerola

Euphorbia falcata var. acuminata

authorship: (Lam.) St.-Amans

Euphorbia falcata var. carunculata

authorship: Loscos & J.Pardo

Euphorbia falcata var. congesta

authorship: Daveau

Euphorbia falcata var. croizatii

authorship: Sennen & Mauricio

Euphorbia falcata var. falciformis

authorship: Griseb.

Euphorbia falcata var. galilaea

authorship: (Boiss.) Boiss.

Euphorbia falcata var. genuina

authorship: Maire

Euphorbia falcata var. latifolia

authorship: Font Quer

Euphorbia falcata var. laxa

authorship: Albert

Euphorbia falcata var. macrostegia

authorship: Bornm.

Euphorbia falcata var. maroccana

authorship: Murb.

Euphorbia falcata var. mucronata

authorship: (Lam.) Fiori

Euphorbia falcata var. obscura

authorship: (Loisel.) Nyman

Euphorbia falcata var. peploiforme

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia falcata var. rubra

authorship: (Cav.) Boiss.

Euphorbia falcata var. vernalis

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia obscura

authorship: Loisel.

Euphorbia palatinata

authorship: F.Zimmerm. ex Thell. & F.Zimmerm.

Euphorbia pseudograeca

authorship: Grossh.

Euphorbia purpurascens

authorship: Deysson

Euphorbia rubra

authorship: Cav.

Euphorbia rubra f. autumnalis

authorship: Willk.

Galarhoeus falcatus

authorship: (L.) Prokh.

Keraselma falcatum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Keraselma rubrum

authorship: (Cav.) Raf.

Tithymalus falcatus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke ex Garcke

Tithymalus falcatus subsp. acuminatus

authorship: (Lam.) Soják

Tithymalus falcatus subsp. macrostegius

authorship: (Bornm.) Soják

Tithymalus mucronatus

authorship: Bubani

Tithymalus ruber

authorship: (Cav.) Bubani

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN AFG ALT CYP EAI GST IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS MON NCS OMA PAL PRM SAU TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB CHX PAK WHM ALB AUT BAL BLT BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG RUN POL POR ROM SPA SWI TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 478 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: فربيون منجلي

names: Молочай серповидный

names: Euphorbe en faux, Euphorbe à cornes en faucille

names:
Молочай серпоподібний
Молочай серпуватий

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae
Aphthona atrocaerulea


slug: euphorbia-fendleri

scientific: Euphorbia fendleri

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: fendleri

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Pope, Bot. 2(4): 175 (1857)

preferred: Fendler's sandmat

Anisophyllum fendleri

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce fendleri

authorship: Small

Chamaesyce gooddingii

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce greenei

authorship: (Millsp.) Rydb.

Euphorbia fendleri var. dissimilis

authorship: Payson

Euphorbia rupicola

authorship: Scheele

codes: ARI CAL COL KAN MXE NEB NEV NWM OKL SDA TEX UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Kansas

code: KAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

South Dakota

code: SDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2011 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Fendler's euphorbia
Fendler's sandmat


slug: euphorbia-ferox

scientific: Euphorbia ferox

authorship: Marloth

epithet: ferox

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 3: 122 (1913)

Euphorbia aggregata var. alternicolor

authorship: (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: almofada-de-agulhas cacto-eufórbia

names: Молочай ужасный

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 3: 122


slug: euphorbia-fianarantsoae

scientific: Euphorbia fianarantsoae

authorship: Ursch & Leandri

epithet: fianarantsoae

published_in: Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 164 (1954 publ. 1955)

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

authors: Ursch & Leandri


slug: euphorbia-filiflora

scientific: Euphorbia filiflora

epithet: filiflora

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 3: 123 (1913)

Euphorbia meyeri

authorship: Nel

Euphorbia nelii

authorship: A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 3: 123


slug: euphorbia-fischeriana

scientific: Euphorbia fischeriana

authorship: Steud.

epithet: fischeriana

Euphorbia fischeriana f. glaberrima

authorship: (Maxim.) Oudejans

Euphorbia lathyris

authorship: Georgi

Euphorbia pallasiana

authorship: Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Euphorbia pallasii

authorship: Turcz. ex Ledeb.

authorship: Turcz.

Euphorbia pallasii f. glaberrima

authorship: (Maxim.) Kitag.

Euphorbia pallasii var. glaberrima

authorship: Maxim.

Euphorbia verticillata

authorship: Fisch.

Galarhoeus fischerianus

authorship: (Steud.) Kitag.

Galarhoeus pallasii

authorship: (Turcz.) Hatus. ex Hurus.

Tithymalus fischerianus

authorship: (Steud.) Soják

Tithymalus pallasii

authorship: (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: CHN CTA CHI KOR CHM MON

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 狼毒 狼毒_(狼毒大戟）

names: Молочай Фишера

partners:
Apis mellifera
Misumena vatia
Oedemera nobilis
Synema globosum

value: May

authors: Steud.

published_in: Nomencl. Bot.  [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 611


slug: euphorbia-flanaganii

scientific: Euphorbia flanaganii

epithet: flanaganii

Euphorbia procumbens

authorship: sensu N.E.Br.1925

codes: CPP NAT

Cape Provinces

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

names:
Coastal Vingerpol
Sea Milkball

names: 伍德大戟 孔雀丸

names: Молочай Фланагана

value: woody

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-flavicoma

scientific: Euphorbia flavicoma

authorship: DC.

epithet: flavicoma

published_in: Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. : 110 (1813)

Euphorbia brittingeri subsp. flavicoma

authorship: (DC.) Ladero

Euphorbia brochonii

authorship: Deysson

Euphorbia epithymoides f. villosa

authorship: Fiori & Paol.

Euphorbia epithymoides var. flavicoma

authorship: (DC.) Fiori

Euphorbia flavicoma f. ciliatifolia

authorship: Marcet

Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. mariolensis

authorship: (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Euphorbia flavicoma var. hispanica

authorship: Rouy

Euphorbia polygalifolia f. puberula

authorship: Loscos ex Willk.

name: Euphorbia polygalifolia prol. mariolensis

authorship: (Rouy) Rouy

name: Euphorbia polygalifolia subsp. mariolensis

authorship: (Rouy) Mateo & Figuerola

Euphorbia suffruticulosa

authorship: Lecoq & Lamotte

Euphorbia verrucosa subsp. flavicoma

authorship: (DC.) Arcang.

authorship: Bonnier & Layens

Euphorbia verrucosa subsp. mariolensis

authorship: (Rouy) Vives

Euphorbia verrucosa var. flavescens

authorship: Benth.

Galarhoeus flavicomus

authorship: (DC.) Fourr.

Tithymalus flavicomus

authorship: (DC.) Bubani

Tithymalus mariolensis

authorship: (Rouy) Holub

name: Tithymalus polygalifolius subsp. mariolensis

authorship: (Rouy) Soják

codes: FRA POR SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Euphorbe à ombelles jaunes
Euphorbe à tête jaune

partners:
Andrena simontornyella
Arge cyanocrocea
Lasioglossum glabriusculum
Lasioglossum leucozonium
Lasioglossum politum
Macrophya montana
Sphaerophoria scripta
Tachinidae

authors: DC.

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 6: 364

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-florida

scientific: Euphorbia florida

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: florida

preferred: Chiricahua Mountain sandmat

Chamaesyce florida

authorship: (Engelm.) Millsp.

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXS

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 474 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHFL3


slug: euphorbia-floridana

scientific: Euphorbia floridana

authorship: Chapm.

epithet: floridana

preferred: Greater Florida spurge

Euphorbia sphaerosperma

authorship: Shuttlew. ex Boiss.

Galarhoeus floridanus

authorship: (Chapm.) Small

Tithymalus sphaerospermus

authorship: (Shuttlew. ex Boiss.) Small

codes: ALA FLA GEO

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. South. U.S. 401

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-fragifera

scientific: Euphorbia fragifera

authorship: Jan ex Link

epithet: fragifera

Euphorbia epithymoides var. fragifera

authorship: (Jan) Fiori

Euphorbia rablensis

authorship: Wulfen ex Vest

codes: ITA YUG

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 278 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Mutillidae
Nomioides maculiventris

authors: Jan

published_in: Cat. Pl. Phaen. 76

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-furcillata

scientific: Euphorbia furcillata

authorship: Kunth

epithet: furcillata

Tithymalus furcillatus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: MXC MXG MXE

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

authors: Kunth

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-fusiformis

scientific: Euphorbia fusiformis

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

epithet: fusiformis

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 62 (1825)

Euphorbia acaulis

authorship: Roxb.

Euphorbia humilis

authorship: Royle

codes: BAN IND NEP WHM

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

India

code: IND

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

value: geophyte

authors: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 62


slug: euphorbia-garanbiensis

scientific: Euphorbia garanbiensis

authorship: Hayata

epithet: garanbiensis

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 103 (1920)

Chamaesyce garanbiensis

authorship: (Hayata) H.Hara

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鹅銮鼻大戟 鵝鑾鼻大戟

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 103

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-gariepina

scientific: Euphorbia gariepina

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: gariepina

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 28 (1860)

Euphorbia balsamea

authorship: Welw. ex Hiern

Euphorbia bergeriana

authorship: Dinter

codes: ANG CPP NAM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 28


slug: euphorbia-gasparrinii

scientific: Euphorbia gasparrinii

epithet: gasparrinii

Euphorbia epithymoides var. gasparrinii

authorship: (Boiss.) Fiori

Euphorbia epithymoides var. samnitica

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia verrucosa var. glabra

authorship: Ten.

Tithymalus gasparrinii

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

codes: ITA SIC

Sicilia

code: SIC

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 125


slug: euphorbia-genistoides

scientific: Euphorbia genistoides

epithet: genistoides

Euphorbia corifolia

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia erythrina

authorship: Link

Euphorbia genistoides var. corifolia

authorship: (Lam.) N.E.Br.

Galarhoeus genistoides

authorship: (P.J.Bergius) Haw.

Keraselma corifolium

authorship: (Lam.) Raf.

Keraselma genistoides

authorship: (P.J.Bergius) Raf.

Tithymalus erythrinus

authorship: (Link) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus genistoides

authorship: (P.J.Bergius) Klotzsch & Garcke

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 139 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: pisgoed pisgoedbossie

published_in: Descr. Pl. Cap. 146

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-germainii

scientific: Euphorbia germainii

authorship: Phil.

epithet: germainii

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

value: annual

authors: Phil.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-geyeri

scientific: Euphorbia geyeri

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: geyeri

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. v. (1845) 260.

preferred: Geyer's sandmat

Anisophyllum geyeri

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce geyeri

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Chamaesyce geyeri var. wheeleriana

authorship: (Warnock & M.C.Johnst.) Mayfield

Chamaesyce polyclada

authorship: Small

codes: COL ILL INI IOW KAN MAN MXE MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL SDA TEX UTA WIS WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Geyer's Broomspurge
Geyer's sandmat

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-glareosa

scientific: Euphorbia glareosa

authorship: Pall. ex M.Bieb.

epithet: glareosa

Euphorbia cadrilateri

authorship: Prodan

Euphorbia dobrogensis f. latibracteata

authorship: Prodán

Euphorbia glareosa subsp. cadrilateri

authorship: (Prodán) Kuzmanov

Euphorbia glareosa subsp. maleevii

authorship: (Tamamshyan) S.G.Tamamshyan

Euphorbia glareosa var. minor

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia glareosa var. varnensis

authorship: Velen.

Euphorbia maleevii

authorship: Tamamsch.

Euphorbia nicaeensis f. latibracteata

authorship: (Prod.) Kuzmanov

Euphorbia nicaeensis f. varnensis

authorship: (Vel.) Kuzmanov

Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. glareosa

authorship: (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Radcl.-Sm.

Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. maleevii

authorship: (Tamamshyan) Oudejans

Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. volgensis

authorship: (Krysht.) Oudejans

Euphorbia provincialis

authorship: Noë ex Nyman

Euphorbia pseudosaxatilis

authorship: Kanitz

Euphorbia pulverulenta

authorship: Kit.

Euphorbia volgensis

authorship: Kryshtof.

Galarhoeus glareosus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Prokh.

Galarhoeus volgensis

authorship: (Krysht.) Prokh.

Tithymalus cadrilateri

authorship: (Prodan) Soják

name: Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. cadrilateri

Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. glareosus

authorship: (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Soják

codes: NCS TCS TUR BUL RUE KRY ROM RUS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Bulgaria

code: BUL

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 350 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай хрящеватый

names: Молочай хрящуватий

value: Jun-Jul

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: euphorbia-glauca

scientific: Euphorbia glauca

epithet: glauca

preferred: Waiuatua

Euphorbia sexangularis

authorship: Henckel

codes: CTM NZN NZS NFK

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Norfolk Is.

code: NFK

region: Australia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 457 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: variable

published_in: Fl. Ins. Austr. 36

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-glyptosperma

scientific: Euphorbia glyptosperma

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: glyptosperma

preferred: ribseed sandmat

Chamaesyce glyptosperma

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Chamaesyce glyptosperma var. integrata

authorship: Lunell

Chamaesyce glyptosperma var. pubescens

authorship: Millsp.

Euphorbia glyptosperma var. pubescens

authorship: Boiss.

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL CNT IDA ILL INI IOW KAN LOU MAI MAN MAS MXE MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWM NWY NDA NSC OKL ONT ORE PEI QUE SAS SDA TEN TEX UTA VER WAS WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

New York

code: NWY

North Dakota

code: NDA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 988 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Corrugate-seed Broomspurge
Ribseed Sandmat

names:
Молочай бороздчатосемянный
Хамесице бороздчатосемянная

names:
Euphorbe à graines entaillées
euphorbe côtelée

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: euphorbia-golondrina

scientific: Euphorbia golondrina

epithet: golondrina

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 8 (1940)

preferred: boquillas sandmat

Chamaesyce golondrina

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Shinners

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

region: Mexico

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Boquillas sandmat
canyon spurge

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 8

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHGO3

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-gracillima

scientific: Euphorbia gracillima

epithet: gracillima

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 438 (1886)

preferred: Mexican sandmat

Chamaesyce gracillima

authorship: (S.Watson) Millsp.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 438

note: common name, checklist symbol CHGR17

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-graminea

scientific: Euphorbia graminea

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: graminea

published_in: Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. : 151 (1763)

preferred: grassleaf spurge

Adenopetalum boerhaviifolium

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Adenopetalum gramineum

authorship: (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Agaloma graminea

authorship: (Jacq.) D.B.Ward

Aklema elliptica

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.

Aklema nudiflora

authorship: (Lam.) Raf.

Eumecanthus colimae

authorship: (Rose) Millsp.

Eumecanthus gramineus

authorship: (Jacq.) Millsp.

Eumecanthus pedunculosus

authorship: (A.Rich.) Millsp.

Euphorbia boerhaviifolia

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

Euphorbia canaliculata

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia colimae

authorship: Rose

Euphorbia galiciana

authorship: McVaugh

Euphorbia graminea var. pedunculosa

authorship: (A.Rich.) Boiss.

Euphorbia graminea var. picta

authorship: (Jacq.) Boiss.

Euphorbia humboldtii

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia nudiflora

authorship: Lam.

Peccana glauca

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus leptaleus

authorship: (S.Schauer) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus pictus

authorship: Haw.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGW ARU BLZ BOL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA HON NLA NIC PAN PER SUR VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: euphorbia-grandicornis-k-i-goebel

scientific: Euphorbia grandicornis

epithet: grandicornis

published_in: Pflanzenbiol. Schilderungen 1: 42 (41, fig. 15). 1889

preferred: bigthorn

english:
bigthorn
rhinothorn
zig-zag cactus

codes: SWZ NAT MOZ TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names: bigthorn rhinothorn

names: isiphapha isihlehle

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-grandicornis-blanc

authorship: Blanc

authors: Blanc

published_in: Hints Cacti ed. 2: 68

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-grandidens

scientific: Euphorbia grandidens

epithet: grandidens

preferred: large-toothed euphorbia

english:
large-toothed euphorbia
valleybush euphorbia

Euphorbia arborescens

authorship: Hort.Angl. ex Salm-Dyck

Euphorbia evansii

authorship: Pax

Euphorbia magnidens

authorship: Haw. ex Salm-Dyck

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MOZ TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: succulent tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 287 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 埃文斯大戟 墨田之雪

names: groottandnaboom valleibosnaboom

value: tree

value: shrub

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

authors: Haw.

published_in: Philos. Mag. J. 33


slug: euphorbia-granulata

scientific: Euphorbia granulata

authorship: Forssk.

epithet: granulata

Anisophyllum granulatum

authorship: (Forssk.) Schweinf.

Chamaesyce granulata

authorship: (Forssk.) Soják

Chamaesyce granulata var. glabrata

authorship: (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

Chamaesyce sistanica

authorship: (Dinelli & Marco) Soják

Chamaesyce turcomanica

authorship: (Boiss.) Prokh.

Euphorbia aegyptiaca var. indica

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia arillata

authorship: Edgew.

Euphorbia fragilis

authorship: Decne.

Euphorbia granulata var. glabrata

authorship: (J.Gay) Boiss.

Euphorbia granulata var. turcomanica

authorship: (Boiss.) Hadidi

Euphorbia kralickii

authorship: Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.

Euphorbia sistanica

authorship: Dinelli & De Marco

Tithymalus granulatus

authorship: (Forssk.) Raf.

codes: ALG CNY CVI CHA DJI EGY ERI ETH KEN LBY MLI MTN MOR NGR SOC SOM SUD TAN TUN WSA AFG IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN TZK TCS TKM UZB CHX YEM BAN IND PAK

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Mali

code: MLI

region: West Tropical Africa

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Niger

code: NGR

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай зернистый

names: חלבלוב מגורגר

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-gregaria

scientific: Euphorbia gregaria

authorship: Marloth

epithet: gregaria

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 2: 36 (1912)

preferred: Aggenys euphorbia

Tirucalia gregaria

authorship: (Marloth) P.V.Heath

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Aggenys euphorbia
Karas Euphorbia

names: aggenysmelkbos karasmelkbos

label: Growth habit

value: nanophanerophyte

value: 2 m

value: CAM

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 2: 36


slug: euphorbia-greggii

scientific: Euphorbia greggii

epithet: greggii

Euphorbia brachycera var. greggii

authorship: (Boiss.) M.C.Johnst.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-griffithii

scientific: Euphorbia griffithii

epithet: griffithii

Euphorbia bulleyana

authorship: Diels

Euphorbia sikkimensis subsp. bhutanica

authorship: Fisch.

Tithymalus griffithii

authorship: (Hook.f.) H.Hara

codes: CHC CHT EHM MYA NEP

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 100 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Fireglow Spurge
Griffith's Spurge

names: 圆苞大戟 丝果大戟

names: Молочай Гриффита

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: herb

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

published_in: Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 5(14): 259

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-griseola

scientific: Euphorbia griseola

authorship: Pax

epithet: griseola

codes: BOT ZAI MLW MOZ TVL ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

names:
Dolomite Euphorbia
Dolomite Noors

value: chamaephyte

label: Height

label: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Pax

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34(3): 375


slug: euphorbia-guadalajarana

scientific: Euphorbia guadalajarana

epithet: guadalajarana

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 449 (1887)

Eumecanthus guadalajaranus

authorship: Millsp.

codes: MXE MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 449


slug: euphorbia-gueinzii

scientific: Euphorbia gueinzii

epithet: gueinzii

Euphorbia gueinzii var. albovillosa

authorship: (Pax) N.E.Br.

codes: BOT SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

lifeform: tuberous subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 71

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-guerichiana

scientific: Euphorbia guerichiana

authorship: Pax ex Engl.

epithet: guerichiana

preferred: paper-barked milkbush

Euphorbia commiphoroides

authorship: Dinter

codes: ANG BOT CPP NAM TVL ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: semisucculent shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
paper-barked milkbush
Western Woody Milkbush

names: 金露梅大戟 闪红阁

names: houtmelkbos papiermelkbos

value: woody

value: 6 m

authors: Pax ex Engl.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(1): 143


slug: euphorbia-guiengola

scientific: Euphorbia guiengola

authorship: W.R.Buck & Huft

epithet: guiengola

codes: MXT MXS

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

lifeform: subshrub

authors: W.R.Buck & Huft

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-gummifera

scientific: Euphorbia gummifera

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: gummifera

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 26 (1860)

preferred: southern Namibia euphorbia

Tirucalia gummifera

authorship: (Boiss.) P.V.Heath

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern Namibia euphorbia
Gum Milkbush

names: gommelkbos gomnoors

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 26


slug: euphorbia-guyoniana

scientific: Euphorbia guyoniana

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

epithet: guyoniana

published_in: Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. : 109 (1852)

Tithymalus guyonianus

authorship: (Boiss. & Reut.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALG LBY MLI MTN MOR TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss. & Reut.

published_in: Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 109