slug: allium-fraseri

scientific: Allium fraseri

authorship: (Ownbey) Shinners

epithet: fraseri

Allium canadense subsp. fraseri

authorship: (Ownbey) Traub & Ownbey

Allium canadense var. fraseri

authorship: Ownbey

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 272 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Ownbey) Shinners

published_in: Field & Lab. 19: 104

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-geyeri

scientific: Allium geyeri

genus: Allium

epithet: geyeri

family: Amaryllidaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 227 (1879)

preferred: Geyer's onion

source: wikidata

Allium arenicola

authorship: Osterh.

Allium dictyotum

authorship: Greene

Allium fibrosum

authorship: Rydb.

Allium geyeri f. tenerum

authorship: (M.E.Jones) B.Boivin

Allium geyeri subsp. tenerum

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Traub & Ownbey

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ABT ARI BRC COL IDA MNT NEV NWM ORE SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 910 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Geyer's onion
Geyer's wild onion

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: allium-glandulosum

scientific: Allium glandulosum

authorship: Link & Otto

epithet: glandulosum

preferred: gland onion

Allium longifolium

authorship: Lindl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

Honduras

code: HON

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 128 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cebolla de monte
Cebolleja

partners:
Augochlora smaragdina
Lasioglossum
Osmia azteca
Partamona bilineata
Protandrena

value: geophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Link & Otto

published_in: Icon. Pl. Rar. [Link, Klotzsch & Otto] 1: 33

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: allium-haematochiton

scientific: Allium haematochiton

epithet: haematochiton

preferred: redskin onion

Allium californicum

authorship: Rose

Allium marvinii

authorship: Davidson

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 541 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
redskin onion
red-skinned onion

names: Лук краснооболочковый

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners: Apoidea Diptera

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 227


slug: allium-hickmanii

scientific: Allium hickmanii

authorship: Eastw.

epithet: hickmanii

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 483 (1903)

preferred: Hickman's onion

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ashmeadiella cactorum cactorum
Bombus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis
Bombus fernaldae
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus insularis
Bombus sylvicola

authors: Eastw. ex M.E.Jones

published_in: Contr. W. Bot. 10: 86


slug: allium-hoffmanii

scientific: Allium hoffmanii

authorship: Ownbey ex Traub

epithet: hoffmanii

preferred: beegum onion

authors: Ownbey

published_in: Pl. Life (Stanford) 28: 63

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-howellii

scientific: Allium howellii

epithet: howellii

preferred: Howell's onion

Allium howellii subsp. sanbenitense

authorship: (Traub) Traub & Ownbey

Allium sanbenitense

authorship: Traub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Eastw.

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 109

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-hyalinum

scientific: Allium hyalinum

authorship: Curran

epithet: hyalinum

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 155 (1885)

preferred: glassy onion

Allium hyalinum var. hickmanii

authorship: Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 153 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: forb/herb

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: this herbaceous perennial plant

label: Height

category: Size

quote: the scape is 15-45 cm high

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: pale pink to white

quote: Five to 25 pale pink to white flowers are in an umbel

authors: Curran

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(3): 155


slug: allium-inaequale

scientific: Allium inaequale

authorship: Janka

epithet: inaequale

codes: KAZ NCS RUC KRY RUS UKR

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Central Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Central European Russia

code: RUC

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

Krym

code: KRY

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

names: Лук неравный

names: Цибуля нерівна

label: Flowering months

value: Jun-Aug

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

authors: Janka

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-inderiense

scientific: Allium inderiense

authorship: Fisch. ex Bunge

epithet: inderiense

published_in: Reise Steppen Russl. 2: 311 (1838)

codes: KAZ WSB RUE RUS

West Siberia

code: WSB

region: Siberia

East European Russia

code: RUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук индерский

value: May-Jun

authors: Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1133

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-kunthianum

scientific: Allium kunthianum

authorship: Vved.

epithet: kunthianum

Allium kunthianum var. grandiflorum

authorship: Grossh.

Allium lepidum

authorship: Kunth

Allium lepidum var. humile

authorship: Miscz. ex Grossh.

Allium lepidum var. rehmanii

authorship: Boiss.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Цибуля Кунта

value: Aug-Sep

authors: Vved.

published_in: Fl. URSS 4: 207

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-lacunosum

scientific: Allium lacunosum

epithet: lacunosum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 231 (1879)

preferred: pitted onion

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 609 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Coenonympha california
Euphilotes enoptes
Ochlodes agricola

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 231


slug: allium-ledebourianum

scientific: Allium ledebourianum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

epithet: ledebourianum

Allium ledebourianum var. purpurascens

authorship: Regel

Allium uliginosum

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: ALT CHI KAZ KHA CHM MON PRM SAK CHX

Altay

code: ALT

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: 硬皮葱 黄花葱

names: Лук Ледебура

names: Ледебур жуасы

value: Jun-Jul

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Schult. & Schult.f.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1029

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-lemmonii

scientific: Allium lemmonii

epithet: lemmonii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 234 (1879)

preferred: Lemmon's onion

Allium anceps var. lemmonii

authorship: (S.Watson) Jeps.

Allium incisum

authorship: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE UTA

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 234

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-lineare

scientific: Allium lineare

authorship: L.

epithet: lineare

Allium confertum

authorship: Fisch.

Allium deflexum

authorship: Willd.

Allium halleri

authorship: Crantz

Allium tortuosum

authorship: Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Porrum lineare

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: ALT KAZ MON WSB CHX RUC RUE RUS UKR

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

West Siberia

code: WSB

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 224 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ail lineaire
Ail linéaire

names: Цибуля лінійна

names: kalliolaukka klipplök

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius canescens

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana
Bactericera tremblayi
Chromatomyia horticola
Chrysodeixis chalcites
Cynthia cardui

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-longifolium

scientific: Allium longifolium

authorship: (Kunth) Spreng.

epithet: longifolium

preferred: Kunth's onion

source: usda

Allium howardii

authorship: Traub

Allium scaposum

authorship: Benth.

Praskoinon longifolium

authorship: (Kunth) Raf.

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 38

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ALKU

license: public domain


slug: allium-lusitanicum

scientific: Allium lusitanicum

authorship: Lam.

epithet: lusitanicum

Allium acutangulum

authorship: Ambros.

authorship: Rchb.

Allium angulosum

authorship: DC.

Allium angulosum var. montanum

authorship: Pohl

Allium fallax subsp. montanum

authorship: (Pohl) Fr.

Allium fallens

authorship: Bubani

Allium leptophyllum

authorship: Schur

Allium montanum f. subbulbilliferum

authorship: Priszter

Allium montanum subsp. leptophyllum

authorship: (Schur) Soó

Allium montanum var. fallax

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman

Allium montanum var. leptophyllum

authorship: (Schur) Nyman

Allium petraeum

authorship: Genty

Allium schoenoprasum subsp. lusitanicum

authorship: (Lam.) K.Richt.

Allium senescens subsp. lusitanicum

authorship: (Lam.) Dostál

Allium senescens subsp. montanum

authorship: (Pohl) Holub

codes: AUT BLT BUL CZE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG POL POR ROM SIC SPA SWE SWI UKR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Sweden

code: SWE

region: Northern Europe

Switzerland

code: SWI

lifeform: perennial or bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1247 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ail des collines
Ail des montagnes

partners:
Eristalis tenax
Helophilus trivittatus
Syrphus torvus
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci

partners:
Eristalis tenax
Aricia agestis
Bombus jonellus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Helophilus trivittatus
Pieris rapae
Adela australis

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum


slug: allium-macropetalum

scientific: Allium macropetalum

authorship: Rydb.

epithet: macropetalum

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 401 (1904)

preferred: largeflower onion

Allium deserticola

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Wooton & Standl.

codes: ARI COL MXN NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 651 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
largeflower onion
Large-flower onion

authors: Rydb.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 401


slug: allium-macrostemon

scientific: Allium macrostemon

authorship: Bunge

epithet: macrostemon

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. : 65 (1833)

Allium grayi

authorship: Regel

Allium grayi var. chanetii

authorship: (H.Lév.) H.Lév.

Allium macrostemon var. uratense

authorship: (Franch.) Airy Shaw

Allium nereidum

authorship: Hance

Allium nipponicum

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Allium ousensanense

authorship: Nakai

Allium pallasii var. uratense

authorship: (Franch.) Regel

Allium uratense

authorship: Franch.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KOR CHM MON NNS PRM CHT

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Primorye

code: PRM

Tibet

code: CHT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 472 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese Garlic
Chinese Wild garlic

names: 白 薤白

names: Лук крупнотычинковый

names: 野蒜 ノビル

names: sandalrae 산달래

names:
nipponi lauk
suuretolmukaline lauk

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. [A.A. von Bunge] 65 (-66)


slug: allium-macrum

scientific: Allium macrum

epithet: macrum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 233 (1879)

preferred: rock onion

codes: ORE WAS

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 233

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-massaessylum

scientific: Allium massaessylum

authorship: Batt. & Trab.

epithet: massaessylum

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 74 (1892)

Allium moly subsp. massaessylum

authorship: (Batt. & Trab.) Vindt

Allium rigidiflorum

authorship: Cout.

Allium transtagana

authorship: Welw. ex Samp.

codes: ALG MOR POR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Oxythyrea funesta
Synema globosum

authors: Batt. & Trab.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 74

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-membranaceum

scientific: Allium membranaceum

authorship: Ownbey ex Traub

epithet: membranaceum

preferred: papery onion

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Pl. Life (Stanford) 28: 63

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-microdictyon

scientific: Allium microdictyon

authorship: Prokh.

epithet: microdictyon

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 626 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Лук Мелкосетчатый
черемша

names: Ұсақ торлы жуа

authors: Prokh.

published_in: Trudy Prikl. Bot. 1929-30, xxiv. No. 2, 174 (1930), in adnot

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: allium-moly

scientific: Allium moly

authorship: L.

epithet: moly

preferred: Lily Leek

english:
Lily Leek
Moly
Yellow Garlic
Yellow Onion

Allium aureum

authorship: Lam.

Allium flavum

authorship: Salisb.

Allium moly var. bulbilliferum

authorship: Rouy

Cepa moly

authorship: (L.) Moench

Kalabotis moly

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Molyza moly

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Nectaroscordum moly

authorship: (L.) Galasso & Banfi

codes: ALG MOR FRA ITA SPA

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 216 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Moly
Lily Leek

names: Gold-Lauch Goldlauch

names:
Ail Doré
Ail Moly

partners:
Anthidium oblongatum
Bombus melanopygus
Merodon equestris
Polites coras
Trichodes alvearius

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus mixtus
Lucilia sericata

authors: L.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: allium-mongolicum

scientific: Allium mongolicum

authorship: Regel

epithet: mongolicum

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 160 (1875)

Allium krylovii

authorship: Sobolevsk.

Allium mongolicum var. kabaense

authorship: Chang Y.Yang & J.H.Huang

codes: CHN CHI KAZ CHM MON CHQ TVA CHX

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 172 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук монгольский

names: Монгол Сонгино

partners:
Bos
Galeruca daurica
Ovis

authors: Regel

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada iii. II. (1875) 160

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-monticola

scientific: Allium monticola

authorship: Davidson

epithet: monticola

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 20: 51 (1921)

preferred: San Bernardino Mountain onion

Allium monticola subsp. keckii

authorship: (Munz) Traub & Ownbey

Allium monticola var. keckii

authorship: (Munz) Ownbey & Aase

Allium parishii var. keckii

authorship: Munz

Allium peirsonii

authorship: Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
San Bernardino Mountain onion
San Bernardino Mountains onion

authors: Davidson

published_in: Fl. S. Calif. (Davidson & Moxley) 86, nomen

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-moschatum

scientific: Allium moschatum

epithet: moschatum

Allium capillare

authorship: Cav.

Allium cupani

authorship: Guss.

Allium moschatum var. borzhomicum

authorship: Miscz. ex Grossh.

Allium setaceum

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Scorodon moschatus

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB BUL FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM SPA TUE

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Jul-Aug

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-multiflorum

scientific: Allium multiflorum

authorship: Desf.

epithet: multiflorum

Allium ampeloprasum f. combazianum

authorship: (Maire) Maire

Allium ampeloprasum f. mogadorense

authorship: (Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Maire

Allium ampeloprasum var. combazianum

authorship: Maire

Allium ampeloprasum var. getulum

authorship: (Batt. & Trab.) Batt.

Allium ampeloprasum var. tortifolium

authorship: (Batt.) Batt.

Allium getulum

authorship: Batt. & Trab.

Allium mogadorense

authorship: Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium rotundum subsp. multiflorum

authorship: (Desf.) Rouy

codes: ALG MOR

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

authors: Desf.

published_in: Fl. Atlant. 1: 288

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: allium-narcissiflorum

scientific: Allium narcissiflorum

authorship: Vill.

epithet: narcissiflorum

published_in: Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné : 18 (1779)

Allium grandiflorum

authorship: Lam.

Allium nigrum

authorship: All.

Allium pedemontanum

authorship: Willd.

Moenchia narcissiflora

authorship: (Vill.) Medik.

Nectaroscordum narcissiflorum

authorship: (Vill.) Galasso & Banfi

codes: FRA ITA

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 148 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names: Лук нарциссоцветковый

names:
Narzissenblütiger Lauch
Narzissenlauch

names:
Aglio piemontese
aglio a fiori di narciso

authors: Vill.

published_in: Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 18


slug: allium-neapolitanum

scientific: Allium neapolitanum

authorship: Cirillo

epithet: neapolitanum

preferred: white garlic

Allium album

authorship: Santi

Allium amblyopetalum

authorship: Link

Allium candidissimum

authorship: Cav.

Allium cowanii

authorship: Lindl.

Allium inodorum

authorship: Aiton

Allium lacteum

authorship: Sm.

Allium laetum

authorship: Pollini

Allium liliflorum

authorship: Zeyh.

Allium neapolitanum var. angustifolium

authorship: Täckh. & Drar

Allium sieberianum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium subhirsutum

authorship: Delile ex Boiss.

authorship: Sieber ex Kunth

Allium subhirsutum subsp. album

authorship: (Santi) Maire & Weiller

Allium subhirsutum var. glabrum

authorship: Regel

Allium sulcatum

authorship: DC.

Geboscon inodorum

authorship: (Aiton) Thell.

Nectaroscordum neapolitanum

authorship: (Cirillo) Galasso & Banfi

Nothoscordum inodorum

authorship: (Aiton) Asch. & Graebn.

authorship: (Aiton) G.Nicholson

codes: EGY LBY CYP EAI LBS PAL SIN TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук неаполитанский

names:
Άλλιο το νεαπολιτανικόν
Αγριοκρέμμυδο

partners:
Andrena humilis
Andrena rugothorace
Apis mellifera
Carpocoris mediterraneus mediterraneus
Danacea nigritarsis
Delia platura
Dilophus riftensis
Dionaea diagramma

partners:
Andrena humilis
Meliscaeva auricollis
Pararge aegeria
Pieris rapae
Andrena rugothorace
Apis mellifera
Carpocoris mediterraneus mediterraneus
Danacea nigritarsis

partners:
Merodon equestris
Neotoxoptera formosana
Xylocopa tabaniformis


slug: allium-nevadense

scientific: Allium nevadense

epithet: nevadense

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 351 (1871)

preferred: Nevada onion

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA NEV ORE UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 235 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук невадский

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 351, 487, t. 38, f. 1-3


slug: allium-nevii

scientific: Allium nevii

epithet: nevii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 231 (1879)

preferred: Nevius' garlic

Allium douglasii var. nevii

authorship: (S.Watson) Ownbey & Mingrone

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nevius' garlic
Nevius' onion

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 231

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-nigrum

scientific: Allium nigrum

authorship: L.

epithet: nigrum

preferred: black garlic

Allium afrum

authorship: (Zucc.) Kunth

Allium bauerianum

authorship: Baker

Allium cyrilli var. magicum

authorship: (L.) Nyman

Allium nigrum f. album

authorship: Maire

Allium odorum

authorship: Ten.

Allium paniculatum

authorship: Viv.

Allium paucibulbosum

authorship: (Haw.) Steud.

Caloscordum nigrum

authorship: (L.) Banfi & Galasso

Canidia magica

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Kalabotis nigrum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Molium nigrum

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Molium paucibulbosum

authorship: Haw.

Ophioscorodon magicus

authorship: (L.) Wallr.

Ornithogalum afrum

authorship: Zucc.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR BAL BUL FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 213 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
black garlic
Broad-Leaved Onion

names: ALHO-MÁGICO ALHO-NEGRO

names:
Schwarz-Lauch
Schwarzer Lauch

names:
Ail noir
Ail noir, Ail de Chine

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Halictus scabiosae
Oxythyrea funesta
Pieris napi

partners:
Spodoptera exigua
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana
Bactericera tremblayi
Chromatomyia horticola
Chrysodeixis chalcites


slug: allium-nutans

scientific: Allium nutans

epithet: nutans

Allium tartaricum

authorship: hort. ex Schult.f.

Allium tataricum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium undulatum

authorship: Schousb. ex Trev.

codes: ALT AMU BRY KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX RUE

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 952 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Lepyronia coleoptrata
Lepyronia coleoptrata coleoptrata

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-obtusum

scientific: Allium obtusum

authorship: Lemmon

epithet: obtusum

preferred: red Sierra onion

codes: CAL NEV

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
red Sierra onion
Subalpine Onion

partners:
Colias eurytheme
Litocala sexsignata

authors: Lemmon

published_in: Pittonia 2(8): 69


slug: allium-ochotense

scientific: Allium ochotense

authorship: Prokh.

epithet: ochotense

preferred: Siberian onion

english:
Siberian onion
myeongi

Allium ochotense f. variegatum

authorship: (Nakai ex T.Mori) Nakai

Allium victorialis f. variegatum

authorship: (Nakai ex T.Mori) S.O.Yu, W.Lee & S.Lee

Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum

authorship: Hultén

Allium victorialis var. asiaticum

authorship: Nakai

Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum

authorship: (Hultén) Makino

Allium victorialis var. variegatum

authorship: Nakai ex T.Mori

codes: AMU CHN CHI JAP KAM KHA KOR KUR CHM PRM SAK ALU

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

region: Subarctic America

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 454 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
myeongi
Siberian onion

names:
Лук охотский
Лук победный широчайший

names: 극동산마늘 울릉산마늘

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-oleraceum

scientific: Allium oleraceum

authorship: L.

epithet: oleraceum

preferred: field garlic

Allium complanatum

authorship: Boreau

Allium oleraceum var. carinatum

authorship: Nyman

Allium pallens var. pseudooleraceum

authorship: Seregin

Allium parviflorum

authorship: Thuill.

Allium scabrum

authorship: Gilib.

Allium virens

authorship: Lam.

Cepa oleracea

authorship: (L.) Bernh.

Codonoprasum alpicola

authorship: Jord. & Fourr.

Codonoprasum complanatum

authorship: (Boreau) Fourr.

Codonoprasum intermedium

authorship: Rchb.

Codonoprasum oleraceum

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

Codonoprasum viridiflorum

authorship: Schur

Porrum oleraceum

authorship: (L.) Moench

Raphione oleracea

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

codes: NCS TCS AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1971 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Apis mellifera
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Apis mellifera
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Aricia agestis
Autographa gamma


slug: allium-paniculatum

scientific: Allium paniculatum

epithet: paniculatum

preferred: Mediterranean onion

Allium acutiflorum

authorship: Bové ex Regel

Allium amblyanthum

authorship: Zahar.

Allium australe

authorship: Guss. ex Kunth.

Allium boryanum

authorship: Kunth

Allium collinum

authorship: Guss.

Allium coppoleri

authorship: Tineo

Allium dentiferum

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Allium fuscum

authorship: Spreng.

Allium fuscum subsp. fussii

authorship: (A.Kern.) K.Richt.

Allium fuscum var. fussii

authorship: (A.Kern.) Nyman

Allium intermedium

authorship: DC.

Allium karsianum

authorship: Fomin

Allium longispathum

authorship: Redouté

Allium maritimum

authorship: Raf.

Allium monspessulanum

authorship: Willd.

Allium oleraceum

authorship: Des Moul.

Allium oporinanthum

authorship: Brullo, Pavone & Salmeri

Allium pallens subsp. coppoleri

authorship: (Tineo) Seregin

Allium pallens subsp. tenuiflorum

authorship: (Ten.) Stearn

Allium pallens var. coppoleri

authorship: (Tineo) Parl.

Allium paniculatum

authorship: Vill.

Allium paniculatum subsp. caucasicum

authorship: (Regel) K.Richt.

Allium paniculatum subsp. intermedium

authorship: (DC.) Asch. & Graebn.

Allium paniculatum var. caucasicum

authorship: Regel

Allium paniculatum var. dentiferum

authorship: (Webb & Berthel.) Maire & Weiller

Allium paniculatum var. intermedium

authorship: (DC.) Nyman

Allium paniculatum var. legitimum

authorship: Ledeb.

Allium paniculatum var. longispathum

authorship: (F.Delaroche) Regel

Allium paniculatum var. pallens

authorship: (L.) Gren. & Gord.

Allium paniculatum var. tenoreanum

authorship: Maire & Weiller

Allium paniculatum var. tenuiflorum

authorship: Rouy

Allium parviflorum

authorship: Desf.

Allium pugetii

authorship: Gand.

Allium pusillum

authorship: Cirillo ex Ten.

Allium sibthorpianum var. boryanum

authorship: (Kunth) Nyman

name: Allium stramineum var. nigropedunculatum

authorship: Oppenh.

Allium tenuiflorum

authorship: Ten.

name: Allium tenuiflorum var. pseudotenuiflorum

authorship: Pamp.

Allium tenuifolium

authorship: Friv.

Codonoprasum longispathum

authorship: (Redouté) Rchb.

Kalabotis pallens

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN ALT CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS PAL SIN TCS TUR WSB ALB BAL BUL RUC COR RUE FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 332 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Цибуля волосиста


slug: allium-paradoxum

scientific: Allium paradoxum

authorship: (M.Bieb.) G.Don

epithet: paradoxum

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 72 (1827)

preferred: few-flowered leek

Allium paradoxum var. normale

authorship: Stearn

codes: IRN NCS TCS TKM UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1957 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
few-flowered leek
Few-Flowered Garlic

names: Лук странный

names:
Seltsamer Lauch
Wunder-Lauch

names: Pärleternell Rysskulla

names: Ager-Gåseurt Perlekurv

names: Haisusauramo Helminukkajäkkärä

names:
Kvit gåseblom
Perle-evigblom

names:
Cenhinen Brin-Flodeuog
Cenhinen Brinflodeuog

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius canescens

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana
Bactericera tremblayi
Chromatomyia horticola
Chrysodeixis chalcites
Cynthia cardui

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

value: Apr-May


slug: allium-parciflorum

scientific: Allium parciflorum

authorship: Viv.

epithet: parciflorum

published_in: Fl. Cors. Prodr., App.: 2 (1825)

Allium moschatum

authorship: Moris

Allium pauciflorum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

codes: COR SAR

Corse

code: COR

Sardegna

code: SAR

label: Least Concern

names: Ail à fleurs peu nombreuses, Ail à fleurs rares

authors: Viv.

published_in: Fl. Cors. Prodr. 2

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-parishii

scientific: Allium parishii

epithet: parishii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 380 (1882)

preferred: Parish's onion

codes: ARI CAL

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 130 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xvii. (1881-82) 380


slug: allium-parryi

scientific: Allium parryi

epithet: parryi

preferred: Parry's fringed onion

Allium fimbriatum subsp. parryi

authorship: (S.Watson) Traub & Ownbey

Allium kessleri

authorship: Davidson

codes: CAL MXN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 231


slug: allium-parvum

scientific: Allium parvum

authorship: Kellogg

epithet: parvum

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 54 (1863)

preferred: small onion

Allium modocense

authorship: Jeps.

Allium tribracteatum var. parvum

authorship: (Kellogg) Jeps.

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE UTA

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 259 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

authors: Kellogg

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 54


slug: allium-pendulinum

scientific: Allium pendulinum

epithet: pendulinum

published_in: Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXII (1811)

preferred: Italian Garlic

Allium album

authorship: Spreng.

Allium triquetrum subsp. pendulinum

authorship: (Ten.) K.Richt.

Allium triquetrum var. pendulinum

authorship: (Ten.) Regel

Nectaroscordum pendulinum

authorship: (Ten.) Galasso & Banfi

codes: COR FRA ITA SAR SIC

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 238 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Итальянский чеснок

authors: Ten.


slug: allium-peninsulare

scientific: Allium peninsulare

authorship: Lemmon ex Greene

epithet: peninsulare

preferred: Mexicali onion

codes: CAL MXN ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 555 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mexicali onion
peninsula onion

names: Лук полуостровной

authors: Lemmon ex Greene

published_in: Pittonia 1(4): 165


slug: allium-perdulce

scientific: Allium perdulce

epithet: perdulce

published_in: Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 42: 124 (1939)

preferred: plains onion

Allium perdulce subsp. sperryi

authorship: (Ownbey) Traub & Ownbey

codes: KAN NEB NWM OKL SDA TEX

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 42: 124, figs


slug: allium-platycaule

scientific: Allium platycaule

epithet: platycaule

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 234 (1879)

preferred: broadstemmed onion

codes: CAL NEV ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 316 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
broadstemmed onion
flat-stem onion

partners:
Bombus vancouverensis nearcticus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus melanopygus

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 234


slug: allium-polyanthum

scientific: Allium polyanthum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

epithet: polyanthum

Allium ampeloprasum subsp. polyanthum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) O.Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot

Allium ampeloprasum var. melitense

authorship: Sommier & Caruana ex Borg

Allium melitense

authorship: (Sommier & Caruana) Cif. & Giacom.

Allium porrum subsp. polyanthum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Jauzein & J.-M.Tison

Allium rotundum var. polyanthum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn.

codes: MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA SIC SPA

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Italy

region: Southeastern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 437 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Broadleaf Wild Leek
Great-headed Garlic

names: Perlzwiebel Porree

names:
Ail Faux-Poireau
Ail d'Orient

names:
Cenhinan Wyllt
Cenhinen Wyllt

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1016

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: allium-praecox

scientific: Allium praecox

authorship: Brandegee

epithet: praecox

preferred: early onion

Allium hyalinum var. praecox

authorship: (Brandegee) Jeps.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1039 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Brandegee


slug: allium-prattii

scientific: Allium prattii

epithet: prattii

Allium ellipticum

authorship: Wall.

Allium prattii var. ellipticum

authorship: F.T.Wang & Tang

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHQ CHT EHM MYA NEP

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

names: 太白山葱 太白韭

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 124


slug: allium-pruinatum

scientific: Allium pruinatum

authorship: Link ex Spreng.

epithet: pruinatum

Allium monspessulanum subsp. pruinatum

authorship: (Link ex Spreng.) K.Richt.

Allium welwitschii

authorship: Regel

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Link

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 35

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-psebaicum

scientific: Allium psebaicum

authorship: Mikheev

epithet: psebaicum

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 96 (2004)

North Caucasus

code: NCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук псебайский

authors: Mikheev

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 96 (-98)


slug: allium-ramosum

scientific: Allium ramosum

authorship: L.

epithet: ramosum

preferred: Chinese chives

Aglitheis tatarica

authorship: (L.f.) Raf.

Allium diaphanum

authorship: Janka

Allium ramosum

authorship: Georgi

Allium tataricum

authorship: Dryand.

Allium umbellatum

authorship: Haller f. ex Steud.

Allium weichanicum

authorship: Palib.

Butomissa tatarica

authorship: (L.f.) Salisb.

Moly odorum

authorship: (L.) Moench

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KRA MAG CHM MON PRM CHQ SAK TVA WSB CHX YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 823 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
fragrant garlic
fragrant onion

names: 野韭 野韮

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-regelianum

scientific: Allium regelianum

epithet: regelianum

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 55(I): 146 (1880)

Allium ampeloprasum var. regelianum

authorship: (A.K.Becker) Nyman

Allium scythicum

authorship: Zoz

codes: NCS RUC RUS UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Central European Russia

code: RUC

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

names:
Лук Регеля
Лук регелевский

names: Цибуля Регеля

value: Aug

authors: A.K.Becker ex Iljin

published_in: in Fl. Yugo-Vost. iii. 355, 356 (1929); cf. Vved. in Komarov, Fl. URSS, iv. 241(1935)

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-rhizomatum

scientific: Allium rhizomatum

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

epithet: rhizomatum

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Wooton & Standl.

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 114

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: allium-robinsonii

scientific: Allium robinsonii

epithet: robinsonii

preferred: Robinson's onion

codes: ORE WAS

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Robinson's onion
Columbia River Onion

published_in: Rhodora 32: 22

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: allium-rosenorum

scientific: Allium rosenorum

epithet: rosenorum

published_in: Linzer Biol. Beitr. 26: 979 (1994)

codes: TZK UZB

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

region: Central Asia

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Лук Розенбахов
Лук ложнорозенбахов

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: allium-roseum

scientific: Allium roseum

epithet: roseum

Allium ambiguum

authorship: Sm.

Allium carneum

authorship: Ten.

Allium cirrhosum

authorship: Raeusch.

Allium confertum

authorship: Jord. & Fourr.

Allium illyricum

authorship: Jacq.

Allium incarnatum

authorship: Hornem.

Allium moly var. ambiguum

authorship: Nyman

Allium odoratissimum

authorship: Desf.

Allium roseum f. albiflorum

authorship: Maire

Allium roseum f. carneum

authorship: Maire & Weiller

Allium roseum f. majale

authorship: (Ten.) Asch. & Graebn.

Allium roseum subsp. ambiguum

authorship: (Nyman) K.Richt.

Allium roseum subsp. bulbiferum

authorship: (DC.) E.F.Warb.

Allium roseum subsp. majale

authorship: (Ten.) K.Richt.

Allium roseum subsp. odoratissimum

authorship: (Desf.) Murb.

Allium roseum subsp. pandatarium

authorship: (N.Terracc.) K.Richt.

Allium roseum subsp. tourneuxii

authorship: (Boiss.) Bartolo, Brullo, Pavone & Terrasi

Allium roseum var. bulbiferum

authorship: DC.

Allium roseum var. bulbulliferum

authorship: Vis.

Allium roseum var. carneum

authorship: (O.Targ.Tozz.) Rchb.

Allium roseum var. grandiflorum

authorship: Briq.

Allium roseum var. humile

authorship: Sommier

Allium roseum var. insulare

authorship: Gennari

Allium roseum var. majale

authorship: (Ten.) Regel

Allium roseum var. odoratissimum

authorship: (Desf.) Coss.

Allium rubicundum

authorship: Willd. ex Kunth

Allium tenorei

authorship: Spreng.

Cepa flexuosa

authorship: Moench

Molium roseum

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Nectaroscordum roseum

authorship: (L.) Galasso & Banfi

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anaspis
Antlemon halidayi
Apis mellifera
Attalus lusitanicus
Bruchidius seminarius
Bruchidius tibialis
Cataglyphis ruber
Dasytes nigroaeneus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Adela australis
Attagenus trifasciatus
Bombus
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus sylvestris

partners:
Ephestia tephrinella
Eristalis tenax
Pieris rapae


slug: allium-rotundum

scientific: Allium rotundum

authorship: L.

epithet: rotundum

Allium ampeloprasum

authorship: Thunb.

name: Allium ampeloprasum subsp. paterfamilias

authorship: (Boiss.) K.Richt.

Allium ampeloprasum var. paterfamilias

authorship: (Boiss.) Nyman

Allium cambiasii

authorship: De Not.

Allium cilicicum

authorship: Boiss.

Allium descendens

authorship: Pall. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium gracilescens

authorship: Sommier & Levier

Allium jajlae

authorship: Vved.

Allium jajlae var. baidarense

authorship: Seregin

Allium multiflorum

authorship: Kunth

Allium porphyroprasum

authorship: Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.

Allium preslianum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium rotundifolium

authorship: Lumn. ex Steud.

Allium rotundum subsp. erectum

authorship: (G.Don) K.Richt.

Allium rotundum subsp. jajlae

authorship: (Vved.) B.Mathew

Allium rotundum subsp. preslianum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) K.Richt.

Allium rotundum var. cambiasii

authorship: (De Not.) Nyman

Allium rotundum var. erectum

authorship: (G.Don) Regel

Allium rotundum var. melleum

authorship: Miscz. ex Grossh.

Allium rotundum var. porphyroprasum

authorship: (Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.) Nyman

Allium rotundum var. preslianum

authorship: (Schult. & Schult.f.) Regel

Allium rotundum var. rubicundum

authorship: (Niven ex G.Don) Regel

Allium rotundum var. scariosum

authorship: (Jan ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman

Allium rubicundum

authorship: Niven ex G.Don

Allium scariosum

authorship: Jan ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae

authorship: (Vved.) Stearn

Allium scorodoprasum subsp. rotundum

authorship: (L.) Stearn

Allium scorodoprasum subsp. waldsteinii

authorship: (G.Don) Stearn

Allium waldsteinii

authorship: G.Don fil.

Porrum polyanthum

authorship: Fourr.

Porrum rotundum

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

codes: MOR CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR BLR BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG RUW ROM RUS SPA UKR

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Belarus

code: BLR

region: Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

region: Middle Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Germany

code: GER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1933 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ail arrondi, Ail à inflorescences rondes

names: Цибуля кругла


slug: allium-rubellum

scientific: Allium rubellum

epithet: rubellum

Allium albanum

authorship: Grossh.

Allium leptophyllum

authorship: Wall.

Allium rubellum subsp. syntamanthum

authorship: (K.Koch) Ogan.

Allium vulcanicum

authorship: Boiss.

Geboscon rubrum

authorship: Raf.

codes: IRN KAZ NCS TCS TKM TUR

Iran

region: Western Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 264

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-rubens

scientific: Allium rubens

authorship: Schrad. ex Willd.

epithet: rubens

codes: ALT KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX RUE RUS

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 534 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schrad. ex Willd.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1: 360


slug: allium-runyonii

scientific: Allium runyonii

authorship: Ownbey

epithet: runyonii

published_in: Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 18: 198 (1950)

preferred: Runyon's onion

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Texas

code: TEX

authors: Ownbey

published_in: Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 18: 198

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-sacculiferum

scientific: Allium sacculiferum

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: sacculiferum

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 281 (1859)

Allium deltoide-fistulosum

authorship: S.O.Yu, S.Lee & W.Lee

Allium japonicum

authorship: Regel

Allium komarovianum

authorship: Vved.

Allium sacculiferum var. viviparum

authorship: Satake

Allium yuchuanii

authorship: Y.Z.Zhao & J.Y.Chao

codes: AMU CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

names: 朝鲜薤 朝鲜韭

names:
Лук мешечконосный
Лук мешочконосный

names: チョウセンヤマラッキョウ

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Prim. Fl. Amur. 281

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: allium-sanbornii

scientific: Allium sanbornii

epithet: sanbornii

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 171 (1868)

preferred: Sanborn's onion

Allium intactum

authorship: Jeps.

Allium sanbornii subsp. intactum

authorship: (Jeps.) Traub

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 171


slug: allium-sativum

scientific: Allium sativum

authorship: L.

epithet: sativum

preferred: cultivated garlic

Allium arenarium

authorship: Sadler ex Rchb.

Allium ophioscorodon

authorship: Link

Allium pekinense

authorship: Prokh.

Allium sativum f. asiae-mediae

authorship: Kazakova

Allium sativum f. pekinense

authorship: (Prokh.) Makino

Allium sativum subsp. controversum

authorship: (Schrad. ex Willd.) K.Richt.

Allium sativum subsp. ophioscorodon

authorship: (Link) Schübl. & G.Martens

Allium sativum subsp. subrotundum

authorship: (Gren. & Godr.) K.Richt.

Allium sativum var. controversum

authorship: (Schrad. ex Willd.) Nyman

Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon

authorship: (Link) Döll

Allium sativum var. pekinense

authorship: (Prokh.) F.Maek.

Allium sativum var. subrotundum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Allium scorodoprasum subsp. viviparum

authorship: (Regel) K.Richt.

name: Allium scorodoprasum var. multibulbillosum

Porrum ophioscorodon

authorship: (Link) Rchb.

codes: IRN KAZ KGZ TZK TKM UZB

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 483 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Allicin

activities: Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor Allergenic Amebicide Anthelmintic Antiaggregant Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Antibiotic

Alliin

activities: Antiaggregant Antibacterial Antibiotic Antidiabetic Antihepatotoxic Antineuralgic Antioxidant Antiplatelet

Diallyl-trisulfide

activities:
Amebicide
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Stomach)
Anticryptococcic
Antifertility
Antiflu
Antigiardial
Antiherpetic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
cultivated garlic
Garlic

names: 蒜 大蒜

names: thoum ثوم

names: alho alho-comum

names:
Лук чеснок
Чеснок

names: ninniku ニンニク

names:
ail
ail commun

names:
Aglio
Aglio comune

names:
Sarmisak disi
Sarmısak

names: maneul 마늘

partners:
Apis mellifera
Megachile rotundata
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium manicatum
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci

partners:
Allograpta exotica
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus terrestris
Halictus tripartitus
Trigona spinipes

label: Visited by

partners:
Bombus bimaculatus
Monobia quadridens
Polistes dominula

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Aglossa caprealis
Eupithecia alliaria
Lacertinella australis
Lilioceris merdigera
Neotoxoptera formosana
Saccharosydne subandina
Tapajosa rubromarginata

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Puccinia allii
Coccophagus
Urocystis magica

partners:
Ditylenchus dipsaci
Aspergillus niger
Garlic common latent virus
Garlic virus A
Garlic virus B
Garlic virus C
Garlic virus D
Garlic virus X

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)


slug: allium-saxatile

scientific: Allium saxatile

epithet: saxatile

published_in: Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. : 114 (1798)

Allium caucason

authorship: Turra ex Sacc.

Allium globosum

authorship: M.Bieb. ex DC.

Allium globosum var. ochroleucum

authorship: Regel

Allium globosum var. savranicum

authorship: (Besser) Nyman

Allium globosum var. saxatile

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Nyman

Allium globosum var. stevenii

authorship: (Willd. ex Ledeb.) Nyman

Allium gmelinianum

authorship: Miscz. ex Grossh.

Allium ruprechtii

authorship: Boiss.

Allium saxatile var. globosum

authorship: (M.Bieb. ex DC.) Seregin & Sennikov

Allium stevenii var. saxatile

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Regel

Allium xanthicum var. chloranthum

authorship: Nyman

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ALT NCS TCS BLR RUC RUE RUS

Altay

code: ALT

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 134 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aglais urticae
Bombus lapidarius
Erebia aethiops
Eristalis tenax
Helophilus pendulus
Lasioglossum calceatum
Lysandra hispana
Melitaea diamina

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness


slug: allium-schoenoprasum

scientific: Allium schoenoprasum

authorship: L.

epithet: schoenoprasum

preferred: Spanish garlic

english:
Spanish garlic
Wild Chives
chives
cives
wild chives

source: wikidata

Allium acutum

authorship: Spreng.

Allium alpinum

authorship: (DC.) Hegetschw.

Allium broteri

authorship: Kunth

Allium carneum

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium coloratum

authorship: Dulac

Allium foliosum

authorship: Clairv. ex DC.

Allium glaucum

authorship: DC.

authorship: Ledeb.

Allium gredense

authorship: Rivas Goday

Allium lusitanicum

authorship: Link ex Regel

Allium montanum

authorship: F.W.Schmidt ex Schult.f.

authorship: Schrank

Allium palustre

authorship: Chaix

authorship: Salisb.

authorship: Pourr. ex Lag.

Allium punctulatum

authorship: Schltdl.

Allium purpurescens

authorship: Losa

Allium riparium

authorship: Opiz

Allium roseum

authorship: Krock.

Allium schmitzii var. duriminium

authorship: Cout.

Allium schoenoprasum f. purpuratum

authorship: Konta

Allium schoenoprasum subsp. alpinum

authorship: (DC.) Nyman

Allium schoenoprasum subsp. gredense

authorship: (Riv.Mateos) Rivas Mart., Fern.Gonz. & Sánchez Mata

name: Allium schoenoprasum subsp. latiorifolium

authorship: (Pau) Rivas Mart., Fern.Gonz. & Sánchez Mata

Allium schoenoprasum subsp. pumilum

authorship: (Bunge) K.Richt.

Allium schoenoprasum subsp. riparium

authorship: (Opiz) Celak.

name: Allium schoenoprasum subsp. schoenoprasum

Allium schoenoprasum subsp. sibiricum

authorship: (L.) Syme

Allium schoenoprasum var. alvarense

authorship: Hyl.

Allium schoenoprasum var. broteroi

authorship: (Kunth) Nyman

Allium schoenoprasum var. buhseanum

authorship: (Regel) Boiss.

Allium schoenoprasum var. caespitans

authorship: Ohwi

Allium schoenoprasum var. duriminium

authorship: (Cout.) Cout.

Allium schoenoprasum var. foliosum

authorship: (Clairv. ex DC.) Mutel

Allium schoenoprasum var. idzuense

authorship: (H.Hara) H.Hara

Allium schoenoprasum var. latiorifolium

authorship: Pau

Allium schoenoprasum var. laurentianum

authorship: Fernald

Allium schoenoprasum var. litorale

authorship: Koldaeva

Allium schoenoprasum var. pumilum

authorship: Bunge

Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum

authorship: (L.) Garcke

authorship: (L.) Hartm.

Allium sibiricum var. schoenoprasoides

authorship: (Fr.) Fr.

Allium tenuifolium

authorship: Pohl

Allium ubinicum

authorship: Kotukhov

Allium udinicum

authorship: Antsupova

Ascalonicum schoenoprasum

authorship: (L.) P.Renault

Cepa schoenoprasa

authorship: (L.) Moench

Cepa tenuifolia

authorship: (Salisb.) Gray

Porrum schoenoprasum

authorship: (L.) Schur

Schoenissa schoenoprasa

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Schoenoprasum vulgare

authorship: Fourr.

codes: AFG ALT BRY CTA CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG MON NCS PRM SAK TZK TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX YAK PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT BRC COL CNT IDA LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWJ NWY NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS VER WAS WIS WYO YUK

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1985 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Alpha-linolenic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaggregant Antihypertensive Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Antimenorrhagic Antimetastatic Antiprostatitic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Myristic-acid

activities: Antioxidant Cancer-Preventive Cosmetic Hypercholesterolemic Lubricant Nematicide

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

names:
Schnittlauch
Echter Schnittlauch (Varietät)

names: Ail civette, Ciboulette, Chives, Civette

names:
Цибуля скорода
Цибуля-трибулька

partners:
Apis mellifera
Boloria napaea
Bombus californicus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pascuorum
Apis mellifera
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lucorum
Bombus mixtus

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Andrena cineraria
Andrena nigroaenea
Anthrenus verbasci
Apis mellifera
Boloria myrina
Bombus californicus
Bombus centralis

partners:
Neotoxoptera formosana
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Andrena prunorum
Apis mellifera
Arctia caja
Atalopedes huron
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus hypnorum

partners:
Halticoptera circulus
Puccinia allii
Urocystis magica

partners:
Ditylenchus dipsaci
Pyrenochaeta terrestris


slug: allium-scilloides

scientific: Allium scilloides

authorship: Douglas ex S.Watson

epithet: scilloides

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 229 (1879)

preferred: fragile onion

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 193 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Life form

label: Life cycle

authors: Douglas ex S.Watson

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 229


slug: allium-scorodoprasum

scientific: Allium scorodoprasum

authorship: L.

epithet: scorodoprasum

preferred: sand leek

Allium ampeloprasum var. margaritaceum

authorship: Moench

Allium contortum

authorship: Stokes

Allium neglectum

authorship: Wender.

Allium obscurum

authorship: M.Bieb. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium persicum

authorship: Fisch. ex Regel

name: Allium scorodoprasum var. multibulbillatum

Allium scorodoprasum var. obscurum

authorship: (M.Bieb. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman

Allium supranisianum

authorship: Sailer

Allium violaceum

authorship: Gilib.

Porrum arenarium

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

codes: LBS NCS PAL TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BUL CZE DEN FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY NET RUW NOR POL SWE SWI UKR

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

Netherlands

code: NET

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Sweden

code: SWE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук причесночный

names: Цибуля часникова

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Apocrita
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Aglais urticae
Agriotes sputator
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser


slug: allium-scorzonerifolium

scientific: Allium scorzonerifolium

authorship: Desf. ex Redouté

epithet: scorzonerifolium

Allium moly var. xericiense

authorship: Pérez Lara

Allium scorzonerifolium var. xericiense

authorship: (Pérez Lara) R.Fern.

Allium stramineum

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

codes: MOR POR SPA

Morocco

code: MOR

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: Лук козелецелистный

authors: Redouté

published_in: Liliac. [Redouté] 2: t. 92

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-senescens

scientific: Allium senescens

epithet: senescens

preferred: German garlic

english:
German garlic
ornamental onion

Allium angulosum var. minor

authorship: Ledeb.

Allium baicalense

authorship: Willd.

Allium danubiale

authorship: Rchb. ex Kunth

Allium glaucum

authorship: Schrad. ex Poir.

Allium glaucum subsp. serotinum

authorship: (Regel) K.Richt.

Allium illyricum

authorship: Link & Otto ex Kunth

Allium kungii

authorship: Nakai

Allium laucum

authorship: Schrad.

Allium montanum var. serotinum

authorship: (Regel) Nyman

Allium narcissifolium

authorship: Scop.

Allium purpureum

authorship: Salisb.

Allium senescens var. brevipedicellatum

authorship: Regel

Allium serotinum

authorship: Schleich. ex G.Don

Cepa senescens

authorship: (L.) Moench

Xylorhiza senescens

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KOR KRA CHM MON PRM TVA CHX YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 365 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
ornamental onion
German garlic

names: 山韭 岩葱

partners:
Bombus affinis
Calycopis cecrops
Ceratina calcarata
Parnassius nomion

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-serra

scientific: Allium serra

authorship: McNeal & Ownbey

epithet: serra

preferred: jeweled onion

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1346 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Adela trigrapha
Erynnis tristis
Vanessa cardui

partners:
Adela trigrapha
Augochlorella pomoniella
Coenonympha california
Colias eurytheme
Erynnis tristis
Protosmia rubifloris
Vanessa cardui

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

authors: McNeal & Ownbey

published_in: Madroño 24: 25, fig. 1


slug: allium-sharsmithiae

scientific: Allium sharsmithiae

authorship: (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) McNeal

epithet: sharsmithiae

preferred: Sharsmith's onion

Allium fimbriatum var. sharsmithae

authorship: Ownbey & Aase ex Traub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Ownbey & Aase) McNeal

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-shevockii

scientific: Allium shevockii

authorship: McNeal

epithet: shevockii

preferred: Spanish Needle onion

authors: McNeal

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-siculum

scientific: Allium siculum

authorship: Ucria

epithet: siculum

published_in: Nuova Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: 250 (1793)

Allium bulgaricum

authorship: (Janka) Prodan

Allium dioscoridis

authorship: Sm.

Allium meliophilum

authorship: Juz.

Nectaroscordum bulgaricum

authorship: Janka

Nectaroscordum dioscoridis

authorship: (Sm.) Stankov

Nectaroscordum meliophilum

authorship: (Juz.) Zahar.

Nectaroscordum siculum

authorship: (Ucria) Lindl.

name: Nectaroscordum siculum subsp. bulgaricum

authorship: (Janka) Stearn

name: Nectaroscordum siculum subsp. dioscoridis

authorship: (Sibth. & Sm.) Bordz.

Trigonea sicula

authorship: (Ucria) Parl.

codes: TUR BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRY ROM SAR SIC TUE

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 345 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Honey Garlic
Honeybells

names: Лук сицилийский

names:
Ail de Sicile
Ail de Sicile, Nectaroscorde de Sicile

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus pascuorum
Archilochus colubris
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus melanopygus

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Calypte anna
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Philaenus spumarius

label: Height

value: May


slug: allium-simillimum

scientific: Allium simillimum

epithet: simillimum

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 355 (1900)

preferred: simil onion

codes: IDA MNT

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 355

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-siskiyouense

scientific: Allium siskiyouense

authorship: Ownbey ex Traub

epithet: siskiyouense

preferred: Siskiyou onion

Allium falcifolium var. demissum

authorship: Jeps.

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 91 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus nevadensis
Bombus bifarius
Bombus vosnesenskii

published_in: Pl. Life (Stanford) 28: 63

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-speculae

scientific: Allium speculae

authorship: Ownbey & Aase

epithet: speculae

preferred: Little River Canyon onion

codes: ALA GEO

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

names:
Little River Canyon onion
flatrock onion

authors: Ownbey & Aase

published_in: Rhodora 61: 70


slug: allium-sphaerocephalon

scientific: Allium sphaerocephalon

authorship: L.

epithet: sphaerocephalon

preferred: roundheaded leek

Allium aegaeum

authorship: Heldr. & Halácsy

Allium aestivum

authorship: Tineo

Allium approximatum

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Allium arvense

authorship: Guss.

Allium arvense subsp. aestivum

authorship: (Tineo) Nyman

Allium arvense var. tenuiflorum

authorship: Nyman

Allium arvense var. trachypus

authorship: (Boiss. & Spruner) Nyman

Allium atroviolaceum

authorship: Hornem. ex Steud.

Allium bosniacum

authorship: Kumm. & Sendtn.

Allium cornutum

authorship: Kit.

Allium crinitum

authorship: Tausch

Allium densiflorum

authorship: De Not.

Allium deseglisei

authorship: Boreau

Allium eminens

authorship: Gren. ex Parl.

Allium lineare

authorship: Ten.

Allium margaritaceum var. robustum

authorship: Maire

Allium parviflorum

authorship: Desv.

Allium parvifolium

authorship: Crantz

Allium purpureum

authorship: Loscos

Allium rotundum var. bosniacum

authorship: (Kumm. & Sendtn.) Nyman

Allium sardoum var. gherardii

authorship: (De Not.) Nyman

Allium sphaerocephalon f. prostratum

authorship: Corill., Figureau & Godeau

name: Allium sphaerocephalon subsp. descendens

authorship: (L.) K.Richt.

name: Allium sphaerocephalon subsp. viridialbum

authorship: (Tineo) K.Richt.

name: Allium sphaerocephalon var. approximatum

authorship: (Gren. & Gord.) Nyman

Allium sphaerocephalon var. arvense

authorship: (Guss.) Parl.

Allium sphaerocephalon var. bosniacum

authorship: (Kumm. & Sendtn.) Asch. & Graebn.

Allium sphaerocephalon var. crinitum

authorship: (Tausch) Nyman

Allium sphaerocephalon var. descendens

authorship: (L.) Regel

Allium sphaerocephalon var. trachypus

authorship: (Boiss. & Spruner) Boiss.

Allium sphaerocephalon var. viridialbum

authorship: (Tineo) Regel

Allium tenuiflorum

authorship: Delastre

Allium trachypus

authorship: Boiss. & Spruner

Allium veronense

authorship: Spreng.

Kromon parviflorum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Porrum crinitum

authorship: (Tausch) Rchb.

Porrum descendens

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

Porrum sphaerocephalum

authorship: Rchb.

codes: ALG CNY EGY MOR TUN CYP EAI KUW LBS NCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL RUC COR CZE RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Egypt

code: EGY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Kuwait

code: KUW

region: Arabian Peninsula

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Лук круглоголовый
Лук шароголовый

names:
Kugelköpfiger Lauch
Artengruppe Kugelköpfiger Lauch

names: Цибуля круглоголова

partners:
Halictus tumulorum
Adela australis
Aglais urticae
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Andrena dorsata
Andrena flavipes
Andrena labialis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Halictus tumulorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Cteniopus sulphureus
Lasioglossum calceatum

partners:
Aglais io
Apis mellifera
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus lapidarius
Carcharodus alceae
Sphex ichneumoneus
Vanessa atalanta

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Anthophora urbana


slug: allium-splendens

scientific: Allium splendens

authorship: Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

epithet: splendens

preferred: glittering chive

Allium splendens var. kurilense

authorship: Kitam.

codes: AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA KUR CHM MON PRM SAK TVA YAK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tuva

code: TVA

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 291 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 辉葱 丽韭

names: miyama-rakkyō ミヤマラッキョウ

label: Flowering months

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1025


slug: allium-stellatum

scientific: Allium stellatum

authorship: Nutt. ex Ker Gawl.

epithet: stellatum

preferred: autumn onion

Hexonychia stellatum

authorship: (Nutt. ex Ker Gawl.) Salisb.

Stelmesus stellatus

authorship: (Nutt. ex Ker Gawl.) Raf.

codes: ARK ILL IOW KAN KTY MAN MIC MIN MSO NEB NDA OKL ONT SAS SDA TEN TEX WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Michigan

code: MIC

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1562 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
autumn onion
glade onion

partners:
Bombus affinis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Bombus auricomus
Bombus bimaculatus

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Burnsius communis


slug: allium-stellerianum

scientific: Allium stellerianum

authorship: Willd.

epithet: stellerianum

Allium bisulcum

authorship: Redouté

Allium stellerianum var. acutisepalum

authorship: Regel

codes: BRY IRK KRA MON TVA YAK RUE

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Fruit type

source: Wikidata

authors: Willd.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: allium-strictum

scientific: Allium strictum

authorship: Schrad.

epithet: strictum

Allium lineare

authorship: Willd. ex Kunth

Allium lineare var. strictum

authorship: Krylov

authorship: (Schrad.) Trevir.

Allium microcephalum

authorship: Tausch

Allium reticulatum

authorship: J.Presl & C.Presl

Allium suaveolens

authorship: Gaudin

Allium volhynicum

authorship: Besser

Porrum strictum

authorship: (Schrad.) Rchb.

codes: ALT BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ KGZ KRA MON TVA WSB YAK AUT RUC CZE RUE FRA GER ITA RUN RUW POL RUS SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

South European Russia

code: RUS

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 523 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук торчащий

names: Цибуля пряма

names:
Сөрвөгөр сонгино
Өрөвгөр сонгино


slug: allium-suaveolens

scientific: Allium suaveolens

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: suaveolens

published_in: Collectanea 2: 305 (1789)

Allium appendiculatum

authorship: Ramond ex Pers.

Allium serotinum

authorship: Lapeyr.

Allium suaveolens subsp. serotinum

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Nyman

Allium suaveolens var. appendiculatum

authorship: (Ramond ex Pers.) Nyman

Endotis pyrenaica

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALB AUT FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG SWI

Albania

code: ALB

France

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 173 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Duft-Lauch
Wohlriechender Lauch

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius canescens

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana
Autographa gamma
Bactericera tremblayi
Chromatomyia horticola
Chrysodeixis chalcites

label: Photosynthetic pathway


slug: allium-subhirsutum

scientific: Allium subhirsutum

authorship: L.

epithet: subhirsutum

Allium album

authorship: Redouté

Allium ciliare

authorship: Cirillo ex Redouté

Allium ciliatum

authorship: Cirillo

Allium clusianum

authorship: Retz. ex Willd.

Allium graminifolium

authorship: Loisel.

authorship: Buch

Allium hirsutum

authorship: Lam.

authorship: Zucc.

Allium loiseleurii

authorship: Rouy

Allium niveum

authorship: Roth

Allium subhirsutum subsp. ciliare

authorship: (F.Delaroche) Maire & Weiller

Allium subhirsutum subsp. ciliatum

authorship: (Cirillo) Holmboe

Allium subhirsutum var. ciliatum

authorship: (Cirillo) Briq.

Allium subhirsutum var. corbariense

authorship: Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman

Allium subhirsutum var. hellenicum

authorship: Hausskn.

Allium subvillosum var. clusianum

authorship: (Retz. ex Willd.) Nyman

Iulus niveum

authorship: (Roth) Salisb.

Iulus subhirsutum

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Kalabotis clusianum

authorship: (Retz. ex Willd.) Raf.

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Kriti

code: KRI

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 620 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ail un peu hérissé, Ail presque hirsute, Ail presque hérissé

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombylius canescens
Eumerus
Podonta milleri
Scaeva pyrastri
Episyrphus balteatus
Eumerus pulchellus
Eupeodes corollae