slug: primula-auriculata

scientific: Primula auriculata

authorship: Lam.

epithet: auriculata

Aleuritia auriculata

authorship: (Lam.) Soják

Primula auriculata subsp. pycnorhiza

authorship: (Ledeb.) Wendelbo

Primula auriculata var. bornmuelleri

authorship: Hausskn. ex Bornm.

Primula auriculata var. calva

authorship: Hausskn. & Bornm.

Primula auriculata var. caucasica

authorship: Ledeb.

Primula auriculata var. glacialis

authorship: Boiss.

Primula glacialis

authorship: Willd.

authorship: Adam ex Rupr.

Primula longifolia

authorship: Curtis

codes: AFG IRN IRQ NCS TCS TUR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life cycle

authors: Lam.

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. ii. 429


slug: primula-calderiana

scientific: Primula calderiana

authorship: Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper

genus: Primula

epithet: calderiana

family: Primulaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh  9: 7 (1915)

Primula calderiana f. alba

authorship: (W.W.Sm.) H.Hara

Primula gammieana

authorship: King ex Balf.f.

Primula roylei

authorship: Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.

Primula roylei subsp. calderiana

authorship: (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula roylei subsp. gammieana

authorship: (King ex Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHT EHM NEP

Tibet

code: CHT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

East Himalaya

code: EHM

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

lifeform: perennial

climate: subalpine or subarctic

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 7

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: primula-capitata

scientific: Primula capitata

authorship: Hook.

epithet: capitata

Aleuritia capitata

authorship: (Hook.) Soják

Primula globifera

authorship: Griff.

Primula pseudocapitata

authorship: Kingdon-Ward ex Balf.f.

codes: CHC CHT EHM NEP

China South-Central

code: CHC

names: Первоцвет головчатый

names: テマリコザクラ マリコザクラ

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Hook.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-carniolica

scientific: Primula carniolica

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: carniolica

Aretia carniolica

authorship: Link

Auricula-ursi carniolica

authorship: (Jacq.) Soják

Primula carniolica var. multiceps

authorship: Rchb. ex Duby

Primula freyeri

authorship: Hoppe ex Rchb.

Primula grandiflora

authorship: Bastard

Primula integrifolia

authorship: Scop.

Primula jellenkiana

authorship: Freyer ex Nyman

Primula multiceps

authorship: Freyer ex Duby

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Fl. Austriac. (Jacquin) 5: 28

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-carolinehenryae

scientific: Primula carolinehenryae

epithet: carolinehenryae

published_in: Footsteps Augustine Henry : 213 (2011)

Carolinella henryi

authorship: Hemsl.

Primula henryi

authorship: (Hemsl.) Pax

codes: CHC VIE

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

climate: subtropical

published_in: Footsteps Augustine Henry 213

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-clevelandii

scientific: Primula clevelandii

authorship: (Greene) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: clevelandii

preferred: Padre's Shooting Star

english:
Padre's Shooting Star
padre's shootingstar

source: inat

Dodecatheon bernalinum

authorship: Greene

Dodecatheon clevelandi subsp. patulum

authorship: (Kuntze) Reveal

name: Dodecatheon clevelandii subsp. clevelandii

Dodecatheon clevelandii subsp. patulum

authorship: (Kuntze) H.J.Thomps.

name: Dodecatheon clevelandii subsp. sanctarum

authorship: (Greene) Abrams

Dodecatheon clevelandii var. alba

authorship: Orcutt

Dodecatheon clevelandii var. gracile

authorship: (Greene) Reveal

Dodecatheon clevelandii var. insulare

authorship: (H.J.Thomps.) Reveal

name: Dodecatheon hendersonii var. bernalianum

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

Dodecatheon patulum

authorship: (Kuntze) Greene

Meadia clevelandi

authorship: (Greene) Kuntze

Meadia patula

authorship: Kuntze

codes: CAL MXI MXN

California

code: CAL

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Toxomerus marginatus

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: (Greene) A.R.Mast & Reveal

published_in: Brittonia 59(1): 81

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: primula-clusiana

scientific: Primula clusiana

authorship: Tausch

epithet: clusiana

Auricula-ursi clusiana

authorship: (Tausch) Soják

Primula churchilii

authorship: Gusm. ex Kolb

Primula clusiana var. acaulis

authorship: Roth

Primula clusiana var. crenigera

authorship: Beck

Primula clusii

authorship: Wiest ex Gaud.

Primula spectabilis

authorship: Mart. & W.D.J.Koch

codes: AUT GER

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Germany

code: GER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 519 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Clusius-Primel
Clusius' Primel

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: May-Jun

authors: Tausch


slug: primula-conjugens

scientific: Primula conjugens

authorship: (Greene) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: conjugens

preferred: Bonneville shootingstar

source: usda

Dodecatheon acuminatum

authorship: Rydb.

Dodecatheon albidum

authorship: Greene

Dodecatheon campestre

authorship: Howell

name: Dodecatheon conjugens subsp. leptophyllum

authorship: (Suksd.) Piper

authorship: Piper

Dodecatheon conjugens subsp. viscidum

authorship: (Piper) H.J.Thomps.

Dodecatheon conjugens var. viscidum

authorship: (Piper) H.Mason ex H.St.John

name: Dodecatheon hendersonii var. leptophyllum

authorship: Suksd.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ABT BRC CAL IDA MNT NEV ORE SAS WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1010 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol DOCO

license: public domain


slug: primula-cordifolia

scientific: Primula cordifolia

authorship: Rupr.

epithet: cordifolia

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 6: 225 (1863)

Primula elatior subsp. cordifolia

authorship: (Rupr.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula elatior var. cordifolia

authorship: (Rupr.) Pax

Primula pallasii var. cordifolia

authorship: (Rupr.) Boiss.

codes: NCS TCS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

value: May

authors: Rupr.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 6(2): 225

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: primula-cortusoides

scientific: Primula cortusoides

authorship: L.

epithet: cortusoides

Aleuritia cortusoides

authorship: (L.) Spach

Androsace primuloides

authorship: Moench

Auganthus cortusoides

authorship: (L.) Soják

Oscaria cortusoides

authorship: (L.) Lilja

Primula dentata

authorship: Donn ex Roem. & Schult.

Primula dentiflora

authorship: Andrews

codes: ALT IRK KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB RUE

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 399 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: Первоцвет кортузовидный

authors: L.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-crassifolia

scientific: Primula crassifolia

authorship: Lehm.

epithet: crassifolia

published_in: Monogr. Primul. : 91 (1817)

Aleuritia bayernii

authorship: (Rupr.) Soják

Primula nivalis var. bayernii

authorship: (Rupr.) Regel

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Jul

authors: Lehm.

published_in: Monogr. Primul. 91, t. 9


slug: primula-cuneifolia

scientific: Primula cuneifolia

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: cuneifolia

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad.  5: 522 (1815)

preferred: wedgeleaf primrose

source: wikidata

Primula cuneifolia subsp. hakusanensis

authorship: (Franch.) Vorosch.

Primula cuneifolia subsp. heterodonta

authorship: (Franch.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula cuneifolia var. dubyi

authorship: Pax

Primula hakusanensis

authorship: Franch.

Primula hakusanensis var. heterodonta

authorship: (Franch.) Takeda

Primula hyperborea

authorship: Spreng.

codes: AMU JAP KAM KHA KUR MAG SAK YAK ASK ALU BRC

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 525 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wedgeleaf primrose
wedge-leaved primrose

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

authors: Duby

published_in: Prodr. 8: 39

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: primula-cusickiana

scientific: Primula cusickiana

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Gray

epithet: cusickiana

preferred: Cusick's primrose

Primula parryi var. wilcoxiana

authorship: Alph.Wood ex M.E.Jones

codes: IDA NEV ORE

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 227 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cusick's primrose
Wallowa primrose

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera

authors: (A.Gray) A.Gray


slug: primula-daonensis

scientific: Primula daonensis

authorship: (Leyb.) Leyb.

epithet: daonensis

Auricula-ursi daonensis

authorship: (Leyb.) Soják

Primula cadinensis

authorship: Porta

Primula oenensis

authorship: Thom. ex Schott

Primula oenensis f. breviscapa

authorship: Widmer

Primula plantae

authorship: Brügger

Primula stelviana

authorship: Vulp.

Primula villosa var. daonensis

authorship: Leyb.

codes: AUT ITA SWI

Austria

code: AUT

Italy

code: ITA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 163 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвет даоненский

names:
Primevere du val Daone
Primevère du Val Daone

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Gonepteryx rhamni

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acyrthosiphon primulae
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anatoecus clayae
Anchoscelis nitida
Anchoscelis pistacinoides

authors: Leyb.

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 10


slug: primula-denticulata

scientific: Primula denticulata

authorship: Sm.

epithet: denticulata

Primula adenophora

authorship: Blatt.

Primula aequalis

authorship: Craib

Primula alta

authorship: Balf.f. & Forrest

Primula alta subsp. limnoica

authorship: (Craib) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula cachemiriana

authorship: Munro

Primula cashmeriana

authorship: Carrière

Primula denticulata subsp. alta

authorship: (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

Primula denticulata subsp. cachemeriana

authorship: (Munro) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula denticulata subsp. cyanocephala

authorship: (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

Primula denticulata subsp. hoffmeisteri

authorship: (Klotzsch) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula denticulata subsp. paucifolia

authorship: (Hook.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

name: Primula denticulata subsp. sinodenticulata

authorship: (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm.

Primula denticulata var. alba

authorship: Anon.

Primula denticulata var. cachemeriana

authorship: (Munro) Hook.f.

Primula denticulata var. erosioides

authorship: Watt

Primula elata

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

Primula erosioides

authorship: Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.

Primula hoffmeisteri

authorship: Klotzsch

Primula paucifolia

authorship: (Hook.f.) G.Watt ex Craib

Primula pulcherrima

authorship: Hort ex Pax

Primula telemachica

authorship: Klatt

codes: AFG CHC CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 332 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Drumstick Primrose
drumstick primula

names: 野洋参 球花报春

value: May-Aug


slug: primula-dickieana

scientific: Primula dickieana

epithet: dickieana

Aleuritia dickieana

authorship: (Watt) Soják

Primula aureostellata

authorship: Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper

Primula dickieana var. chlorops

authorship: W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula dickieana var. pantlingii

authorship: (Kingdon-Ward) W.W.Sm.

Primula pantlingii

authorship: King

codes: CHT EHM MYA NEP

East Himalaya

region: Indian Subcontinent

names: 展瓣紫晶报春 绿心报春

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 9

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-egaliksensis

scientific: Primula egaliksensis

authorship: Wormsk.

epithet: egaliksensis

preferred: Greenland Primrose

english:
Greenland Primrose
Greenland primrose

Primula egaliksensis f. violacea

authorship: Fernald

Primula farinosa subsp. groenlandica

authorship: (Warm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula farinosa var. groenlandica

authorship: (Warm.) Pax

Primula groenlandica

authorship: (Warm.) A.W.Hill

Primula sibirica var. minor

authorship: Duby

Primula stricta var. groenlandica

authorship: Warm.

codes: MAG ICE ASK ABT ALU BRC COL GNL LAB MAN NFL NWT NUN ONT QUE WYO YUK

Magadan

code: MAG

Iceland

code: ICE

region: Northern Europe

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

Colorado

code: COL

Greenland

code: GNL

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Manitoba

code: MAN

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвет эгаликский

names:
primevère du Groenland
primevère du fjord Egalik


slug: primula-elatior

scientific: Primula elatior

authorship: Hill

epithet: elatior

preferred: oxlip

english:
oxlip
true oxlip

Primula alpestris

authorship: Schur

Primula altaica

authorship: Pall. ex Ledeb.

Primula ambigua

authorship: Salisb.

Primula brachycalix

authorship: Opiz

Primula carpathica

authorship: (Gris & Schrenk) Fuss

Primula domestica

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Primula elatior f. poloninensis

authorship: Domin

Primula elatior subsp. carpathica

authorship: Nyman

Primula elatior subsp. carpatica

authorship: (Gris & Schrenk) Nyman

Primula elatior subsp. corcontica

authorship: (Domin) Kovanda

Primula elatior subsp. poloninensis

authorship: (Domin) Dostál

Primula elatior subsp. tatrensis

authorship: (Domin) Soó

Primula elatior subvar. carpatica

authorship: Gris & Schrenk

Primula elatior var. acaulis

authorship: Klett & Richt.

Primula elatior var. brevistyla

authorship: Gaudin

Primula elatior var. carpatica

authorship: (Gris & Schrenk) Nikolic

Primula elatior var. dissecta

authorship: Roth

Primula elatior var. incisa

authorship: Mérat

Primula elatior var. pallasii

authorship: (Lehm.) Pax

Primula flueggeana

authorship: Lehm.

Primula lateriflora

authorship: Goupil

Primula leucophylla

authorship: Pax

Primula perreiniana

authorship: Flüggé

Primula poloninensis

authorship: (Domin) Fed.

Primula saguramica

authorship: Gavr.

Primula veris subsp. elatior

authorship: (L.) Ehrh.

Primula veris unranked elatior

authorship: (L.) Liebl.

Primula veris var. elatior

authorship: L.

Primula zahlbrukneri

authorship: Vest

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KRA TCS TVA TUR WSB ALB AUT BLR BGM BUL CZE DEN RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA YUG NET RUW POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

East European Russia

code: RUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2011 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвет высокий

names: پریمولا الاتیور

names:
pierwiosnek wyniosły
pierwiosnka wyniosła

names: Первоцвіт високий

names:
Ciuboțica cucului
Ciuboțica cucului de munte

partners:
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Aglais io
Andrena bicolor
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus terrestris
Aglais io
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombylius major
Gonepteryx rhamni
Misumena vatia

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acyrthosiphon primulae
Aglais urticae
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anaplectoides prasina
Anas platyrhynchos
Anatoecus clayae


slug: primula-farinosa

scientific: Primula farinosa

epithet: farinosa

Aleuritia farinosa

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Aleuritia farinosa subsp. alpigena

authorship: (O.Schwarz) Soják

Androsace farinosa

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

Cankrienia farinosa

authorship: (L.) Zoll.

Primula farinosa f. alba

authorship: (H.Hara) T.Yamaz.

Primula farinosa f. exscapa

authorship: Wahlenb.

Primula farinosa subsp. xanthophylla

authorship: (Trautv. & C.A.Mey.) Kitag.

Primula farinosa subvar. albiflora

authorship: Druce

Primula farinosa var. americana

authorship: Torr.

Primula farinosa var. chrysophylla

authorship: Trautv. & C.A.Mey.

Primula farinosa var. commutata

authorship: Behm

Primula farinosa var. nana

authorship: E.S.Arnold & A.J.Richards

Primula lepida

authorship: Duby

Primula undulata

authorship: Fisch. ex Rchb.

Primula warei

authorship: Stein

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KRA KUR MAG CHM MON PRM TZK TVA WSB YAK AUT BLT BUL CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN ITA YUG RUN RUW POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвіт борошнистий

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus
Bombus wurflenii
Bombylius major
Cantharis rustica
Cheilosia lenis
Empis digramma
Empis melanotricha

partners:
Aglais urticae
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus
Bombus wurflenii
Bombylius major
Cantharis rustica
Cheilosia lenis
Empis diagramma


slug: primula-fassettii

scientific: Primula fassettii

authorship: A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: fassettii

preferred: jeweled shootingstar

Dodecatheon amethystinum

authorship: (Fassett) Fassett

name: Dodecatheon amethystinum f. amethystinum

Dodecatheon meadia var. amethystinum

authorship: Fassett

codes: ILL IOW MIN MSO PEN WIS

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 329 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: A.R.Mast & Reveal

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol DOAM


slug: primula-fragrans

scientific: Primula fragrans

epithet: fragrans

preferred: scented shootingstar

Dodecatheon redolens

authorship: (H.M.Hall) H.J.Thomps.

codes: CAL NEV UTA

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 222 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: common name, checklist symbol DORE


slug: primula-frenchii

scientific: Primula frenchii

authorship: (Vasey) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: frenchii

preferred: French's shootingstar

Dodecatheon frenchii

authorship: (Vasey) Rydb.

Dodecatheon meadia var. frenchii

authorship: Vasey

codes: ALA ARK ILL INI KTY MSO

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 205 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Vasey) A.R.Mast & Reveal

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol DOFR2

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-frigida

scientific: Primula frigida

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: frigida

preferred: western arctic shootingstar

Dodecatheon frigidum

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Dodecatheon meadia var. frigidum

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hook.f.

codes: MAG ASK BRC NWT SAS YUK

Magadan

code: MAG

Alaska

code: ASK

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 435 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Jul-Aug

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) A.R.Mast & Reveal

note: common name, checklist symbol DOFR

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-glabra

scientific: Primula glabra

authorship: Klatt

epithet: glabra

Primula kongboensis

authorship: Kingdon-Ward

codes: CHC CHT EHM MYA NEP

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

authors: Klatt


slug: primula-glaucescens

scientific: Primula glaucescens

authorship: Moretti

epithet: glaucescens

Auricula-ursi glaucescens

authorship: (Moretti) Soják

Primula calycina

authorship: Duby ex Gaudin

Primula calycina var. longobarda

authorship: (Porta) Widmer

Primula glaucescens subsp. calycina

authorship: Pax

Primula glaucescens subsp. longobarda

authorship: (Porta) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula glaucescens var. longobarda

authorship: (Porta) Pax

Primula laevigata

authorship: Duby ex Rchb.

Primula longobarda

authorship: Porta

Primula spectabilis var. glaucescens

authorship: (Moretti) Fiori

Primula spectabilis var. longobarda

authorship: (Porta) Fiori

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 190 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Primevere glaucescente
Primevère glaucescente

names: Примула глауцесценс

partners:
Acyrthosiphon primulae
Anatoecus clayae
Anchoscelis nitida
Anchoscelis pistacinoides
Archips podana
Autographa pulchrina
Barynotus obscurus
Camptogramma bilineata

authors: Moretti

published_in: Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti Dec. 2, 5: 249

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-glutinosa

scientific: Primula glutinosa

authorship: Wulfen

epithet: glutinosa

Aretia glutinosa

authorship: Link

Auricula glutinosa

authorship: (Wulfen) Spach

Auricula-ursi glutinosa

authorship: (Wulfen) Soják

Primula glutinosa var. exilis

authorship: Brügger

codes: AUT ITA YUG SWI

Austria

code: AUT

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 421 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Wulfen

published_in: Fl. Austriac. (Jacquin) v. 41


slug: primula-gracilipes

scientific: Primula gracilipes

authorship: Craib

epithet: gracilipes

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh  6: 252 (1917)

Primula gracilipes subsp. sulphurea

authorship: (Hook.f.) A.J.Richards

Primula sulphurea

authorship: (Hook.f.) Craib

codes: CHT EHM NEP WHM

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names: 纤柄脆蒴报春 纤秀报春

authors: Craib

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 252

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-grandis

scientific: Primula grandis

authorship: Trautv.

epithet: grandis

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 10: 295 (1866)

Sredinskya grandis

authorship: (Trautv.) Fed.

codes: NCS TCS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

names: Первоцвет большой

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Trautv.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg x. (1866) 395

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-griffithii

scientific: Primula griffithii

authorship: Pax

epithet: griffithii

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CHT EHM

names: 高莛脆蒴报春 高葶脆蒴报春

authors: (G.Watt ex Hook.f.) Pax

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10(3): 213

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: primula-halleri

scientific: Primula halleri

epithet: halleri

published_in: Onomat. Bot. Compl.  7: 407 (1775)

Aleuritia farinosa subsp. platyphylla

authorship: (O.Schwarz) Soják

Aleuritia halleri

authorship: (Gmel.) Soják

Aleuritia longiflora

authorship: (All.) Spach

Primula farinosa subsp. longiflora

authorship: (All.) Bonnier & Layens

Primula longiflora

authorship: All.

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA ITA YUG POL ROM SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 220 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвет Галлера

names:
Primevere de Haller
Primevère de Haller

names:
Pierwiosnek Hallera
pierwiosnka dlugokwiatowa

names: Первоцвіт Галлера

value: Jun-Aug

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: primula-hendersonii

scientific: Primula hendersonii

authorship: (A.Gray) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: hendersonii

preferred: Henderson's shooting star

english:
Henderson's shooting star
mosquito bills

Dodecatheon atratum

authorship: Greene

Dodecatheon ellipticum

authorship: Nutt. ex Durand

Dodecatheon hansenii

authorship: (Greene) H.J.Thomps.

name: Dodecatheon hendersonii subsp. cruciatum

Dodecatheon hendersonii subsp. hansenii

authorship: (Greene) Kartesz

name: Dodecatheon hendersonii subsp. hendersonii

name: Dodecatheon hendersonii subsp. parvifolium

authorship: (R.Knuth) H.J.Thomps.

Dodecatheon hendersonii var. cruciatum

authorship: (Greene) Greene

name: Dodecatheon hendersonii var. hendersonii

name: Dodecatheon integrifolium var. latifolium

authorship: Hook.

Dodecatheon latifolium

authorship: Piper

Dodecatheon meadia var. hendersonii

authorship: (A.Gray) K.Brandegee

Dodecatheon meadia var. parvifolium

authorship: (R.Knuth) E.D.Br.

Meadia hendersonii

authorship: (A.Gray) Kuntze

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Primula pauciflora

slug: primula-pauciflora

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vancouverensis vancouverensis
Eupeodes volucris

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Bombus californicus
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus sitkensis
Bombus vancouverensis vancouverensis
Bombus vosnesenskii
Eupeodes volucris
Polistes dominula

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Epirrhoe plebeculata
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
Toxomerus marginatus
Toxomerus occidentalis

authors: (A.Gray) A.R.Mast & Reveal

published_in: Brittonia 59(1): 81

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: primula-heterochroma

scientific: Primula heterochroma

authorship: Stapf

epithet: heterochroma

published_in: Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.  50: 70 (1885)

Primula vulgaris subsp. heterochroma

authorship: (Stapf) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

codes: IRN NCS TCS

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

names: Первоцвет разноцветный

value: Dec-Apr

authors: Stapf

published_in: Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. l. 70

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: primula-hirsuta

scientific: Primula hirsuta

epithet: hirsuta

published_in: Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. : 10 (1773)

preferred: stinking primrose

Aretia ciliata

authorship: Link

Auricula-ursi hirsuta

authorship: (All.) Soják

Primula ciliata

authorship: Schrank

Primula confinis

authorship: Schott ex Rchb.

Primula decipiens

authorship: Stein ex Kolb

Primula decora

authorship: Sims

Primula exscapa

authorship: Hegetschw.

Primula hirsuta f. angustata

authorship: (Widmer) Lüdi

Primula hirsuta f. confinis

authorship: (Schott ex Rchb.) Lüdi

Primula hirsuta f. exscapa

authorship: (Hegetschw.) Lüdi

Primula hirsuta f. pallida

authorship: (Schott) Lüdi

Primula hirsuta subf. nivea

authorship: (Sims) Lüdi

Primula hirsuta var. alpina

authorship: (Rouy) Rouy

Primula hirsuta var. angustata

authorship: (Widmer) Pax

Primula hirsuta var. ciliata

authorship: (Schrank) Arcang.

Primula hirsuta var. exscapa

authorship: (Hegetschw.) Pax

Primula hirsuta var. pallida

authorship: (Schott) Pax

Primula hirsuta var. serrulata

authorship: Beauverd

Primula nelsonii

authorship: hort. ex Stein

Primula nivalis

authorship: Farrer

Primula pallida

authorship: Schott

Primula valcuvianensis

authorship: (S.Jess. & L.Lehm.) Cristof. & Crema

Primula villosa var. viscosa

authorship: (Vill.) Fiori

Primula viscosa

authorship: Vill.

Primula viscosa f. frigida

authorship: Widmer

Primula viscosa var. alpina

authorship: Rouy

Primula viscosa var. major

authorship: Gaudin

codes: AUT FRA ITA SPA SWI

Austria

code: AUT

Italy

code: ITA

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1348 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Behaarte Primel
Behaarte Schluesselblume

names:
Primevère hérissée / hirsute
Primevere a gorge blanche

value: evergreen


slug: primula-incana

scientific: Primula incana

epithet: incana

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5: 306 (1895)

preferred: silvery primrose

Primula americana

authorship: Rydb.

Primula farinosa subsp. incana

authorship: (M.E.Jones) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula farinosa var. incana

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Fernald

codes: ASK ABT BRC COL IDA MAN MNT NEV NDA NWT ONT SAS UTA WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Manitoba

code: MAN

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

North Dakota

code: NDA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Ontario

code: ONT

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 312 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
silvery primrose
Jones Primrose

label: Growth form

value: Single Crown

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-integrifolia

scientific: Primula integrifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: integrifolia

Aretia integrifolia

authorship: Link

Auricula integrifolia

authorship: Spach

Auricula-ursi integrifolia

authorship: (L.) Soják

Primula incisa

authorship: Lam.

Primula integrifolia var. candolleana

authorship: (C.Agardh) Arcang.

Austria

code: AUT

France

code: FRA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 503 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Primevere a feuilles entieres
Primevère à feuilles entières


slug: primula-japonica

scientific: Primula japonica

epithet: japonica

preferred: Japanese primrose

Aleuritia japonica

authorship: (A.Gray) Soják

codes: JAP KUR

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

region: Russian Far East

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 357 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Japanese primrose
Japanese Cowslip

names: Первоцвет японский

names: クリンソウ 九輪草

names:
briallen Fair Japan
Briallu Mair Japan

published_in: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 6(2): 400


slug: primula-jeffreyi

scientific: Primula jeffreyi

authorship: (Van Houtte) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: jeffreyi

preferred: Sierrra shootingstar

english:
Sierrra shootingstar
Sierra shootingstar

Dodecatheon crenatum

authorship: Greene

Dodecatheon exilifolium

authorship: J.F.Macbr. & Payson

Dodecatheon glandulosum

authorship: Eastw.

Dodecatheon jeffreyi

authorship: Van Houtte

Dodecatheon jeffreyi subsp. pygmaeum

authorship: (H.M.Hall) H.J.Thomps.

Dodecatheon jeffreyi var. vivaparum

authorship: (Greene) Abrams

Meadia jeffreyi

authorship: Kuntze

codes: ASK BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE WAS WYO

Alaska

code: ASK

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agriades podarce
Apis mellifera
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Dolichovespula arenaria

authors: (Van Houtte) A.R.Mast & Reveal


slug: primula-kaufmanniana

scientific: Primula kaufmanniana

authorship: Regel

epithet: kaufmanniana

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada  3(1): 131 (1874)

Auganthus kaufmannianus

authorship: (Regel) Soják

codes: KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвет Кауфмана

authors: Regel

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada iii. (1875) 131


slug: primula-latiloba

scientific: Primula latiloba

authorship: (A.Gray) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: latiloba

preferred: white shootingstar

Dodecatheon dentatum

authorship: Hook.

Dodecatheon frigidum var. dentatum

authorship: (Hook.) A.Gray

Dodecatheon latilobum

authorship: (A.Gray) Elmer ex R.Knuth

Meadia dentata

authorship: (Hook.) Raf.

codes: BRC IDA ORE WAS

Idaho

code: IDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 179 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol DODE

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-laurentiana

scientific: Primula laurentiana

authorship: Fernald

epithet: laurentiana

preferred: birdeye primrose

Primula farinosa subsp. laurentiana

authorship: (Fernald) Blasdale

Primula mistassinica var. macropoda

authorship: (Fernald) B.Boivin

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: LAB MAI NBR NFL NSC ONT QUE

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

New Brunswick

code: NBR

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 234 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
birdeye primrose
Laurentian primrose

names: Первоцвет лаврентийский

authors: Fernald

published_in: Rhodora 30: 68


slug: primula-longiscapa

scientific: Primula longiscapa

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: longiscapa

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad.  5: 520 (1815)

Aleuritia longiscapa

authorship: (Ledeb.) Soják

Primula farinosa subsp. longiscapa

authorship: (Ledeb.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula farinosa var. longiscapa

authorship: (Ledeb.) K.Koch

codes: ALT KAZ KGZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX RUE RUS

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 长莛报春 长葶报春

names: Первоцвет длиннострелочный

value: Jun

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Ledeb.

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 520 (-522)


slug: primula-macrophylla

scientific: Primula macrophylla

epithet: macrophylla

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 80 (1825)

Aleuritia macrophylla

authorship: (D.Don) Soják

Aleuritia pulverea

authorship: (Fed.) Soják

Primula aitchisonii

authorship: Pax

Primula atroviolacea

authorship: Jacquem. ex Duby

Primula jaeschkeana

authorship: Kern.

Primula laeschkeana

authorship: A.Kern. ex Kolb.

Primula macrophylla subsp. aitchisonii

authorship: (Pax) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

name: Primula macrophylla subsp. moorcroftiana

authorship: (Wall. ex Klatt) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula macrophylla subsp. pulverea

authorship: (Fed.) Halda

Primula macrophylla var. lineariloba

authorship: (Watt) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula moorcroftiana

authorship: Wall. ex Klatt

Primula nivalis unranked moorcroftiana

authorship: (Wall. ex Klatt) Farrer

Primula nivalis var. macrophylla

authorship: (D.Don) Pax

authorship: (D.Don) Pax & R.Knuth

Primula nivalis var. moorcroftiana

authorship: (Wall. ex Klatt) Pax

Primula pulverea

authorship: Fed.

Primula purpurea

authorship: Royle

Primula stuartii var. moorcroftiana

authorship: (Wall. ex Klatt) Watt

Primula stuartii var. purpurea

authorship: (Royle) Watt

codes: AFG TZK CHT CHX EHM NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
大叶报春
da ye bao chun

value: herb

value: Aug

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 80

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-magellanica

scientific: Primula magellanica

authorship: Lehm.

epithet: magellanica

published_in: Monogr. Primul. : 62 (1817)

Primula decipiens

authorship: Duby

Primula farinosa subsp. magellanica

authorship: (Lehm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula farinosa var. decipiens

authorship: (Duby) A.DC.

Primula farinosa var. magellanica

authorship: (Lehm.) Hook.f.

Primula magellanica subsp. decipiens

authorship: (Duby) A.J.Richards

codes: FAL AGS CLC CLS

Falkland Is.

code: FAL

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

Argentina South

code: AGS

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: perennial

authors: Lehm.

published_in: Monogr. Primul. 62, t. 6

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification


slug: primula-maguirei

scientific: Primula maguirei

epithet: maguirei

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist  17: 747 (1936)

Primula cusickiana subsp. maguirei

authorship: (L.O.Williams) A.J.Richards

Primula cusickiana var. maguirei

authorship: (L.O.Williams) N.H.Holmgren & S.Kelso

Utah

code: UTA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 95 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Maguire primrose
Maguire's primrose

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 17: 747 (fig. 1)

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-malacoides

scientific: Primula malacoides

authorship: Franch.

epithet: malacoides

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France  33: 64 (1886)

Auganthus malacoides

authorship: (Franch.) Soják

Primula delicata

authorship: Petitm.

Primula forbesii subsp. delicata

authorship: (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

name: Primula malacoides subsp. pseudomalacoides

authorship: (L.B.Stewart) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula pseudomalacoides

authorship: L.B.Stewart ex Balf.f.

codes: CHC CHS ASS EHM MYA WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Assam

code: ASS

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 269 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
baby primrose
fairy primrose

names: 報春花 报春花

names: Первоцвет мягковатый

names: Brautprimel Fliederprimel

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

value: therophyte

value: biennial

authors: Franch.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 64

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form


slug: primula-marginata

scientific: Primula marginata

authorship: Curtis

epithet: marginata

Aretia crenata

authorship: Link

Auricula crenata

authorship: (Lam.) Spach

Auricula-ursi marginata

authorship: (Curtis) Soják

Primula crenata

authorship: Lam.

Primula rheiniana

authorship: Ingwersen

codes: FRA ITA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 518 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвет окаймлённый

names:
Gewelltrandige Primel
Meeralpenprimel

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: Curtis

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: primula-matthioli

scientific: Primula matthioli

authorship: (L.) V.A.Richt.

epithet: matthioli

published_in: Természetrajzi Füz.  17: 134 (1894)

Cortusa altaica

authorship: Losinsk.

Cortusa amurensis

authorship: Fed.

Cortusa brotheri

authorship: (Pax ex R.Knuth) Losinsk.

Cortusa coreana

authorship: (Nakai) Nakai

Cortusa discolor

authorship: Vorosch. & Gorovoj

Cortusa gradissima

authorship: Schur

Cortusa insularis

authorship: Miyabe & Tatew.

Cortusa matthioli

authorship: L.

Cortusa matthioli f. brotheri

authorship: Pax ex R.Knuth

Cortusa matthioli f. moravica

authorship: Podp.

Cortusa matthioli f. pubens

authorship: (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Schur

Cortusa matthioli subsp. moravica

authorship: (Podp.) Soják

Cortusa matthioli subsp. pekinensis

authorship: (A.G.Richt.) Kitag.

Cortusa matthioli subsp. sibirica

authorship: (Andrz. ex Besser) Nyár.

Cortusa matthioli subsp. turkestanica

authorship: (A.Loz.) Iranshahr & Wendelbo

Cortusa matthiolii subsp. altaica

authorship: (A.Los.) Korobkov

Cortusa matthiolii var. sachalinensis

authorship: (Losinsk.) T.Yamaz.

Cortusa pekinensis

authorship: (V.A.Richt.) Losinsk.

Cortusa pubens

authorship: Schott, Nyman & Kotschy

Cortusa sachalinensis var. amurensis

authorship: (Fed.) Vorosch.

Cortusa sibirica

authorship: Andrz. ex Besser

Cortusa sibirica subsp. turkestanica

authorship: (Losinsk.) Kamelin

Primula brotheri

authorship: Sutorý

Primula coreana

authorship: Nakai

Primula cortusa

authorship: Sander ex A.Richt.

codes: AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRN IRK JAP KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA MON PRM SAK TZK CHT TVA UZB WSB CHX YAK PAK WHM AUT BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER ITA YUG RUN POL ROM RUS SWI UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 630 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кортуза Маттиоли

names: Монгол хаварсал

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: primula-meadia

scientific: Primula meadia

authorship: (L.) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: meadia

preferred: eastern shooting star

english:
eastern shooting star
pride of Ohio

Dodecatheon angustifolium

authorship: Raf.

Dodecatheon brachycarpum

authorship: Small

Dodecatheon californicum

authorship: A.Murray bis

Dodecatheon integrifolium

authorship: Michx.

Dodecatheon integrifolium var. album

authorship: Nutt.

Dodecatheon meadia

authorship: L.

Dodecatheon meadia f. pallidum

authorship: Fassett

Dodecatheon meadia subsp. brachycarpum

authorship: (Small) R.Knuth

Dodecatheon meadia var. album

authorship: Tubergen

Dodecatheon meadia var. brachycarpum

authorship: (Small) Fassett

Dodecatheon meadia var. integrifolium

authorship: Durand

Dodecatheon media

authorship: Greene

Dodecatheon pauciflorum var. exquisitum

authorship: J.F.Macbr. & Payson

Dodecatheon reflexum

authorship: Salisb.

Meadia crenata

authorship: (Raf.) Kuntze

Meadia dodecathea

authorship: Crantz

Meadia dodecatheon

authorship: Mill.

codes: ALA ARK WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAN MRY MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1979 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus
Bombus affinis
Bombus auricomus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus

partners:
Bombus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus rufocinctus

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: primula-minima

scientific: Primula minima

epithet: minima

Aretia minima

authorship: Link

Auricula minima

authorship: Spach

Auricula-ursi minima

authorship: (L.) Soják

Kablikia minima

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Kablikia truncata

authorship: (Lehm.) Opiz

Primula minima f. alba

authorship: Bercht. & J.Presl

Primula minima f. caulescens

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Primula minima f. fimbriata

authorship: Tausch

Primula minima var. multidentata

authorship: Sünd.

Primula pseudoforsteri

authorship: Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Primula truncata

authorship: Lehm.

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE GER ITA YUG POL ROM UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1345 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Zwerg-Primel Zwerg-Schlüsselblume

names: Первоцвіт дрібний

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus
Bombus monticola
Gonepteryx rhamni

value: hemicryptophyte


slug: primula-minkwitziae

scientific: Primula minkwitziae

epithet: minkwitziae

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh  18: 181 (1934)

Auganthus minkwitziae

authorship: (W.W.Sm.) Soják

Primula drosocalyx

authorship: Poljakov & Lincz.

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

names: Первоцвет Минквиц

label: Life cycle

value: Jul

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 181


slug: primula-mistassinica

scientific: Primula mistassinica

authorship: Michx.

epithet: mistassinica

preferred: Mistassini primrose

Aleuritia mistassinica

authorship: (Michx.) Soják

Primula farinosa subsp. mistassinica

authorship: (Michx.) Blasdale

authorship: (Michx.) Pax

Primula intercedens

authorship: Fernald

Primula maccalliana

authorship: Wiegand

Primula mistassinica f. intercedens

authorship: (Fernald) J.Cay.

Primula mistassinica var. intercedens

authorship: (Fernald) B.Boivin

name: Primula mistassinica var. noveboracensis

Primula pusilla

authorship: Goldie

Primula sibirica var. mistassinica

authorship: (Michx.) Kurtz

codes: ASK ABT BRC ILL IOW LAB MAI MAN MIC MIN NBR NWH NWY NFL NWT NSC NUN ONT QUE SAS VER WIS YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Illinois

code: ILL

Iowa

code: IOW

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Vermont

code: VER

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1972 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Primevère du lac Mistassini
primevère de Mistassini


slug: primula-miyabeana

scientific: Primula miyabeana

authorship: T.Itô & Kawak.

epithet: miyabeana

published_in: Miyabe Festschrift. : 1, t. 29 (1911)

Aleuritia miyabeana

authorship: (T.Itô & Kawak.) Soják

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 304 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 玉山櫻草 玉山樱草

label: Growth habit

authors: T.Itô & Kawak.

published_in: in Miyabe Festschrift. 1, t. 29 (1911); Craib in Bot. Mag. t. 8603


slug: primula-munroi

scientific: Primula munroi

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: munroi

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg.  33: t. 15 (1847)

Aleuritia involucrata

authorship: (Wall. ex Duby) Soják

Primula involucrata

authorship: Wall. ex Duby

Primula involucrata subsp. yargongensis

authorship: (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula involucrata var. wallichii

authorship: Stapf

Primula yargongensis

authorship: Petitm.

codes: CHC CHT EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

label: Woodiness

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 33: t. 15

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-nivalis

scientific: Primula nivalis

authorship: Pall.

epithet: nivalis

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich.  3: 723 (1776)

Aleuritia nivalis

authorship: (Pall.) Soják

Aleuritia xanthobasis

authorship: (Fed.) Soják

Primula nivalis subsp. xanthobasis

authorship: (Fed.) Halda

Primula nivalis unranked eximia

authorship: Farrer

Primula nivalis var. colorata

authorship: Regel

Primula nivalis var. farinosa

authorship: Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Primula nivalis var. turkestanica

authorship: Schmidt

Primula orientalis

authorship: Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Primula spathulata

authorship: Royle

Primula turkestanica

authorship: (J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt) E.A.White

Primula xanthobasis

authorship: Fed.

Primula xanthobasis var. efarinosa

authorship: Malyschev

codes: ALT BRY CTA IRK KAM KAZ KGZ KRA MAG MON TVA CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 255 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
雪山报春
xue shan bao chun

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-nutans

scientific: Primula nutans

authorship: Georgi

epithet: nutans

published_in: Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich  1: 200 (1775)

preferred: Siberian primrose

Aleuritia nutans

authorship: (Georgi) Soják

Aleuritia nutans subsp. finmarchica

authorship: (Jacq.) Soják

Primula finmarchica

authorship: Wulfen

Primula integrifolia

authorship: Oeder

Primula intermedia

authorship: Ledeb.

Primula intrusa

authorship: Rchb.

Primula norwegica

authorship: Retz.

Primula nutans subsp. finmarchica

authorship: (Wulfen) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Primula sibirica

authorship: Jacq.

Primula sibirica var. arctica

authorship: Pax

Primula sibirica var. brevicalyx

authorship: Trautv.

Primula sibirica var. integerrima

authorship: Hook.

codes: ALT BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRK KAM KAZ KHA KRA MAG MON CHQ TVA WSB CHX YAK EHM NEP PAK WHM FIN RUN RUW NOR SWE ASK YUK

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Qinghai

code: CHQ

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 343 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: primula-parryi

scientific: Primula parryi

epithet: parryi

preferred: Parry's primrose

Primula mucronata

authorship: Greene

Primula parryi f. mucronata

authorship: Cockerell

Primula parryi var. brachyantha

authorship: Rydb.

codes: ARI COL IDA MNT NEV NWM UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1912 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Parry's primrose
bog primrose

names: Первоцвет Парри

partners:
Bombus balteatus
Trochilidae

label: Photosynthetic pathway

published_in: Amer. J. Sci. Arts ser. 2, 34: 257


slug: primula-pauciflora

scientific: Primula pauciflora

authorship: (Greene) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: pauciflora

preferred: darkthroat shootingstar

name: Dodecatheon amethystinum f. margaritaceum

authorship: Fassett

Dodecatheon amethystinum f. stricklerae

authorship: (Fernald) Fassett

Dodecatheon cusickii f. album

authorship: (Suksd.) H.St.John

Dodecatheon cusickii var. album

authorship: Suksd.

Dodecatheon macrocarpum

authorship: (A.Gray) R.Knuth

Dodecatheon macrocarpum var. alaskanum

authorship: Hultén

Dodecatheon meadia f. stricklerae

authorship: Fernald

Dodecatheon meadia var. pauciflora

authorship: Durand

Dodecatheon meadia var. puberula

authorship: Nutt.

Dodecatheon pauciflorum

authorship: (Durand) Greene

name: Dodecatheon pauciflorum subsp. eupauciflorum

name: Dodecatheon pauciflorum subsp. monanthum

authorship: (Greene) R.Knuth

Dodecatheon pauciflorum subsp. salinum

authorship: (A.Nelson) R.Knuth

Dodecatheon pauciflorum var. alaskanum

authorship: (Hultén) C.L.Hitchc.

Dodecatheon pauciflorum var. cusickii

authorship: (Greene) H.Mason ex H.St.John

name: Dodecatheon pauciflorum var. shoshonense

Dodecatheon pauciflorum var. watsonii

authorship: (Tidestr.) C.L.Hitchc.

Dodecatheon puberulum

authorship: (Nutt.) Piper

Dodecatheon pulchellum

authorship: (Raf.) Merr.

Dodecatheon pulchellum f. margaritaceum

authorship: (Fassett) C.F.Reed

Dodecatheon pulchellum f. stricklerae

authorship: (Fernald) C.F.Reed

Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. alaskanum

authorship: (Hultén) Hultén

Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. cusickii

authorship: (Greene) Calder & Roy L.Taylor

name: Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. macrocarpum

authorship: (A.Gray) Roy L.Taylor & MacBryde

Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. monanthum

authorship: (Greene) H.J.Thomps.

name: Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. pauciflorum

authorship: (Greene) Hultén

name: Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. pulchellum

Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. superbum

authorship: (Pennell & Stair) Hultén

Dodecatheon pulchellum subsp. watsonii

authorship: (Tidestr.) H.J.Thomps.

name: Dodecatheon pulchellum subvar. coriaceum

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. alaskanum

authorship: (Hultén) B.Boivin

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. album

authorship: (Suksd.) B.Boivin

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. cusickii

authorship: (Greene) Reveal

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. distolum

authorship: Reveal

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. macrocarpum

authorship: (A.Gray) Reveal

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. monanthum

authorship: (Greene) C.L.Hitchc.

authorship: (Greene) B.Boivin

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. shoshonense

authorship: (A.Nelson) Reveal

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. watsonii

authorship: (Tidestr.) B.Boivin

Dodecatheon pulchellum var. zionense

authorship: (Eastw.) S.L.Welsh

name: Dodecatheon radicatum subsp. macrocarpum

authorship: (A.Gray) Beamish

Dodecatheon spilantherum

authorship: Eastw.

Dodecatheon superbum

authorship: Pennell & Stair

Dodecatheon thornense

authorship: Lunell

Dodecatheon vulgare

authorship: (Hook.) Piper

Dodecatheon watsonii

authorship: Tidestr.

Exinia pulchella

authorship: Raf.

Meadia cusickii

authorship: (Greene) Kuntze

Meadia salina

authorship: (A.Nelson) Lunell

Meadia thornensis

authorship: (Lunell) Lunell

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MAN MXE MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA NWT ORE SAS SDA UTA WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Manitoba

code: MAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1992 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dark-throat shootingstar
darkthroat shootingstar


slug: primula-petelotii

scientific: Primula petelotii

epithet: petelotii

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh  16: 226 (1931)

codes: CHC VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 226

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-poetica

scientific: Primula poetica

authorship: (L.F.Hend.) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: poetica

preferred: poet's shootingstar

codes: ORE WAS

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 133 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

authors: (L.F.Hend.) A.R.Mast & Reveal

published_in: Brittonia 59(1): 82

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol DOPO


slug: primula-prolifera

scientific: Primula prolifera

authorship: Wall.

epithet: prolifera

Aleuritia imperialis

authorship: (Jungh.) Soják

Aleuritia prolifera

authorship: (Wall.) Soják

Cankrienia chrysantha

authorship: de Vriese

Primula imperialis

authorship: Jungh.

Primula prolifera var. gracilis

authorship: Pax

Primula sumatrana

authorship: Merr.

codes: ASS EHM JAW MYA SUM

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sumatera

code: SUM

names:
Yunnan Cowslip
glory-of-the-marsh

label: Eaten by

partners:
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Philaenus spumarius

authors: Wall.

published_in: Asiat. Res. 13: 372

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: primula-ruprechtii

scientific: Primula ruprechtii

authorship: Kusnez.

epithet: ruprechtii

Primula amoena var. flava

authorship: Rupr.

Primula elatior subsp. ruprechtii

authorship: (Kusn.) Hesl.-Harr.

Primula leucophylla subsp. ruprechtii

authorship: (Kusn.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

codes: NCS TCS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

authors: Kusnez.

published_in: in Trav. Soc. Nat. Petersb. Bot. xxxi. (1901) (Fl. Cauc. Crit. i. 64)


slug: primula-rusbyi

scientific: Primula rusbyi

authorship: Greene

epithet: rusbyi

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  8: 122 (1881)

preferred: Rusby's primrose

Primula ellisiae

authorship: Pollard & Cockerell

Primula rusbyi var. ellisiae

authorship: (Pollard & Cockerell) L.O.Williams

Primula serra

authorship: Small

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Первоцвет Расби

authors: Greene

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8(11): 122


slug: primula-scandinavica

scientific: Primula scandinavica

authorship: Brunn

epithet: scandinavica

published_in: Svensk Bot. Tidskr.  32: 248 (1938)

Aleuritia scandinavica

authorship: (Brunn) Soják

codes: NOR SWE

Norway

code: NOR

Sweden

code: SWE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names: Первоцвет скандинавский

names: blåviva fjällviva

authors: Brunn

published_in: Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 32: 248


slug: primula-scapigera

scientific: Primula scapigera

authorship: Craib

epithet: scapigera

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh  6: 251 (1917)

codes: CHT EHM NEP

Tibet

code: CHT

Nepal

code: NEP

names: 莛花脆蒴报春 葶花脆蒴报春

authors: Craib

published_in: in Notes Bot. Gard. Edn. vi. 251 (1917)

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-sieboldii

scientific: Primula sieboldii

epithet: sieboldii

published_in: Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère  23: 97 (1873)

Auganthus sieboldii

authorship: (É.Morren) Soják

Primula cortusoides f. patens

authorship: (Turcz.) Regel

Primula cortusoides var. amoena

authorship: Lindl.

Primula cortusoides var. grandiflora

authorship: Lem.

Primula cortusoides var. patens

authorship: Turcz.

Primula cortusoides var. sieboldii

authorship: (É.Morren) G.Nicholson

Primula gracilis

authorship: Stein

Primula patens

authorship: (Turcz.) Turcz. ex E.A.Busch

Primula patens var. genuina

authorship: Skvortsov

Primula sieboldii f. patens

authorship: (Turcz.) Kitag.

Primula sieboldii var. amoena

authorship: (Lindl.) É.Morren

codes: AMU CTA CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 125 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
East Asian primrose
Japanese primrose

names: 樱草 樱草根

names: Первоцвет Зибольда

names: sakurasō サクラソウ

value: May-Jun

published_in: Belgique Hort. 23: 97 ( t. 6)

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-sikkimensis

scientific: Primula sikkimensis

authorship: Hook.

epithet: sikkimensis

Aleuritia sikkimensis

authorship: (Hook.) Soják

Primula hopeana

authorship: Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper

Primula ioessa var. hopeana

authorship: (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) A.J.Richards

Primula microdonta

authorship: Franch. ex Petitm.

Primula penduliflora

authorship: A.Kern. ex Kolb

Primula pseudosikkimensis

authorship: Forrest

Primula sikkimensis subsp. hopeana

authorship: (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

name: Primula sikkimensis subsp. pseudosikkimensis

authorship: (Forrest ex Diels) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula sikkimensis subsp. pudibunda

authorship: (W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula sikkimensis var. hookeri

authorship: Stapf

name: Primula sikkimensis var. pseudosikkimensis

authorship: (Forrest) A.J.Richards

codes: CHC CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP

China South-Central

code: CHC

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 翠蓝草 钟花报春

names:
briallen Fair Sikkim
Briallu Mair Sikkim

authors: Hook.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: primula-specuicola

scientific: Primula specuicola

authorship: Rydb.

epithet: specuicola

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  40: 461 (1913)

preferred: cavedwelling primrose

Primula farinosa subsp. specuicola

authorship: (Rydb.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula hunnewellii

authorship: Fernald

codes: ARI UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cavedwelling primrose
Cave-dwelling Primrose


slug: primula-strumosa

scientific: Primula strumosa

epithet: strumosa

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh  9: 201 (1916)

Primula calderiana var. strumosa

authorship: (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) S.K.Basak, Maiti & Hajra

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 金黄脆蒴报春 瘤报春

authors: Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 201


slug: primula-suffrutescens

scientific: Primula suffrutescens

epithet: suffrutescens

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  7: 371 (1868)

preferred: Sierra primrose

California

code: CAL

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 677 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

value: shrub

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vii. (1868) 371


slug: primula-tetrandra

scientific: Primula tetrandra

authorship: (Suksd.) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: tetrandra

preferred: alpine shootingstar

Dodecatheon alpinum

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Dodecatheon jeffreyi var. alpinum

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Gray

Dodecatheon jeffreyi var. tetrandrum

authorship: (Suksd.) Jeps.

Dodecatheon tetrandrum

authorship: Suksd. ex Greene

codes: ARI CAL NEV ORE UTA WAS

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 529 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Suksd.) A.R.Mast & Reveal

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol DOAL


slug: primula-turkeviczii

scientific: Primula turkeviczii

epithet: turkeviczii

Auganthus lactiflorus

authorship: (Turkev.) Soják

Primula lactiflora

authorship: Turkev.

codes: KGZ TZK UZB

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

region: Central Asia

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

names: Первоцвет Туркевича

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-utahensis

scientific: Primula utahensis

authorship: (N.H.Holmgren) A.R.Mast & Reveal

epithet: utahensis

Dodecatheon dentatum subsp. utahense

authorship: (N.H.Holmgren) Kartesz

Dodecatheon utahense

authorship: (N.H.Holmgren) Reveal

authors: (N.H.Holmgren) A.R.Mast & Reveal

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-valentiniana

scientific: Primula valentiniana

epithet: valentiniana

published_in: Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.  59: 249 (1922)

Aleuritia valentiniana

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Soják

codes: CHC CHT MYA

Tibet

code: CHT

names: 暗红紫晶报春 紫红报春

published_in: Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1922, lix. 249

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primula-veris

scientific: Primula veris

authorship: L.

epithet: veris

preferred: Cowslip

english:
Cowslip
cowslip
cowslip primrose

Primula brandisii

authorship: Wiesb.

Primula canescens

authorship: Opiz

Primula columnae

authorship: Ten.

Primula cordifolia

authorship: Schur

authorship: Kit.

Primula coronaria

authorship: Salisb.

Primula elatior subsp. canescens

authorship: (Opiz) P.Fourn.

Primula hampeana

authorship: Wallr.

Primula inflata

authorship: Lehm.

Primula inflata subsp. macrocalyx

authorship: (Bunge) O.Schwarz

Primula justinii

authorship: Sennen & Elias

Primula macrocalyx

authorship: Bunge

Primula officinalis

authorship: (L.) Hill

Primula officinalis f. apiculata

authorship: Brenner

Primula officinalis subsp. columnae

authorship: (Ten.) Widmer

authorship: (Ten.) Arcang.

Primula officinalis subsp. macrocalyx

authorship: (Bunge) Juel, Cedergr. & Örtendahl

Primula officinalis subsp. suaveolens

authorship: (Bertol.) H.Marcailhou & A.Marcailhou

Primula officinalis var. longistyla

authorship: Gaudin

Primula officinalis var. macrocalyx

authorship: (Bunge) C.Koch

Primula officinalis var. montana

authorship: Rouy

Primula officinalis var. suaveolens

authorship: (Bertol.) Gren.

Primula pistillaris

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Primula praticola

authorship: Fritsch

Primula pyrenaica

authorship: Miégev.

Primula suaveolens

authorship: Bertol.

Primula suaveolens var. colchica

authorship: Albov

Primula uralensis

authorship: Fisch. ex Rchb.

Primula veris subsp. officinalis

authorship: (L.) Ehrh.

Primula veris subsp. suaveolens

authorship: (Bertol) Gutermann & Ehrend.

Primula veris subsp. velenovskyi

authorship: (Fritsch) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula veris var. canescens

authorship: (Opiz) B.Bock

Primula veris var. columnae

authorship: (Ten.) B.Bock

codes: ALT BRY IRN IRK KAZ KHA KGZ KRA NCS TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Баранчики
Первоцвет весенний

names: پریمولا وریس

names:
pierwiosnek lekarski
pierwiosnka lekarska

names: Первоцвіт весняний

names: Πρίμουλα η εαρινή

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Andrena bicolor
Andrena haemorrhoa
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus vestalis
Halictus tumulorum
Lasioglossum morio
Rhingia campestris

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Gonepteryx rhamni
Macroglossum stellatarum
Papilio machaon

partners:
Aeolothrips intermedius
Agrypnus murinus
Amara equestris
Amara familiaris
Amara montivaga
Amara quenseli
Amara similata
Amphimallon solstitiale

partners:
Aprostocetus domenichinii
Hemiptarsenus fulvicollis
Pediobius metallicus
Peronospora oerteliana
Puccinia primulae
Ramularia primulae
Urocystis primulae

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: primula-villosa

scientific: Primula villosa

authorship: Wulfen

epithet: villosa

preferred: mountain primrose

english:
mountain primrose
shaggy-leaved primrose

Aretia villosa

authorship: (Wulfen) Link

Auricula-ursi villosa

authorship: (Wulfen) Soják

Primula commutata

authorship: Schott

Primula infecta

authorship: (Kress) Landolt

Primula simsii

authorship: Sweet

Primula villosa f. norica

authorship: (A.Kern. ex Widmer) Lüdi

Primula villosa var. commutata

authorship: (Schott) Widmer

Primula villosa var. norica

authorship: A.Kern. ex Widmer

Primula viscosa subsp. commutata

authorship: (Schott) Nyman

codes: AUT ITA YUG SWI

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Gonepteryx rhamni

label: Life form

label: Height

value: Apr-Jun

authors: Wulfen

published_in: Fl. Austriac. (Jacquin) 5: 41

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: primula-vulgaris

scientific: Primula vulgaris

authorship: Huds.

epithet: vulgaris

preferred: Primrose

english: Primrose primrose

Primula abchasia

authorship: Sosn.

Primula acaulis

authorship: (L.) Hill

Primula acaulis f. parviflora

authorship: Bolzon

Primula acaulis subsp. alpina

authorship: (Canak & Gajić) Czerep.

Primula acaulis subsp. atlantica

authorship: (Maire & Wilczek) Greuter & Burdet

Primula acaulis subsp. balearica

authorship: (Willk.) Greuter & Burdet

Primula acaulis subsp. rubra

authorship: (Sm.) Greuter & Burdet

authorship: (Sm.) O.Schwarz

Primula acaulis subsp. vulgaris

authorship: (Huds.) O.Schwarz

Primula acaulis var. alba

authorship: Knoche

Primula acaulis var. atlantica

authorship: Maire & Wilczek

Primula acaulis var. hypoleuca

authorship: Halácsy

Primula acaulis var. pulchella

authorship: Heldr.

Primula acaulis var. rosea

authorship: Boiss.

Primula acaulis var. rubra

authorship: Sm.

Primula acaulis var. sibthorpii

authorship: (Hoffmanns.) Pax

Primula atropurpurea

authorship: hort. ex Pax

Primula balearica

authorship: (Willk.) Losinsk.

Primula bicolor

authorship: Raf.

Primula breviscapa

authorship: Clairv.

Primula calycantha

authorship: Retz.

Primula grandiflora

authorship: Lam.

Primula grandiflora var. rufa

authorship: Gray

Primula hybrida

authorship: Schrank

Primula ingwerseniana

authorship: Heslop Harrison

Primula inodora

authorship: Hill

Primula komarovii

authorship: Losinsk.

Primula leskeniensis

authorship: Koss

Primula minima

authorship: Hablitz

Primula odorata

authorship: Gilib.

Primula pseudoacaulis

authorship: Schur

Primula rosea

authorship: Pax

Primula rubra

authorship: Dörfl.

Primula sibthorpii

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Primula sibthorpii var. abchasia

authorship: (Sosn.) Kolak.

Primula sylvestris

authorship: Scop.

Primula variabilis

authorship: Bastard

Primula veris var. acaulis

authorship: L.

Primula vernalis

authorship: Salisb.

Primula vulgaris f. multiflora

authorship: Canak & Gajić

Primula vulgaris subsp. calycantha

authorship: (Retz.) Arcang.

Primula vulgaris subsp. komarovii

authorship: (A.Los.) Fed.

Primula vulgaris subsp. sibthorpii

authorship: (Hoffmanns.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Primula vulgaris var. balearica

authorship: Willk.

Primula vulgaris var. calva

authorship: Beauverd

Primula vulgaris var. caulescens

authorship: W.D.J.Koch ex Corb.

codes: ALG MOR CYP EAI LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET NOR POR ROM SIC SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1938 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Первоцвет обыкновенный
pervocvet obyknovennyj

names:
Schaftlose Primel
Stängellose Schlüsselblume

names:
pierwiosnek bezłodygowy
pierwiosnka bezlodygowa

names: Первоцвіт безстеблий

names:
prvosenka bezlodyžná
prvosenka bezlodyšná

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus hortorum
Rhingia campestris

partners:
Aglais io
Anthocharis cardamines
Anthophora plumipes
Aglais urticae
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius discolor

partners:
Andrena bicolor
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombylius discolor
Bombylius major
Gonepteryx rhamni
Macroglossum stellatarum

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Apodemus sylvaticus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombylius major
Brachysomus hirtus
Cheilosia antiqua
Chromatomyia primulae
Dacnusa discolor

partners:
Puccinia primulae
Cyrtogaster vulgaris
Peronospora oerteliana
Urocystis primulae


slug: primula-wulfeniana

scientific: Primula wulfeniana

authorship: Schott

epithet: wulfeniana

published_in: Wilde Blendlinge Österr. Primeln : 17 (1852)

Auricula-ursi wulfeniana

authorship: (Schott) Soják

name: Auricula-ursi wulfeniana subsp. baumgarteniana

authorship: (Degen & Moesz) Soják

Primula baumgarteniana

authorship: Degen & Moesz

codes: AUT ITA YUG ROM

Romania

code: ROM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jul

authors: Schott

published_in: Wilde Blendlinge Oesterr. Primeln 17, t. 6

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: primulina-drakei

scientific: Primulina drakei

authorship: (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber

genus: Primulina

epithet: drakei

family: Gesneriaceae

Chirita bracteosa

authorship: (Zoll. & Moritzi) Drake

Vietnam

code: VIE

label: Least Concern

authors: (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: primulina-dryas

scientific: Primulina dryas

authorship: (Dunn) Mich.Möller & A.Weber

epithet: dryas

Chirita dryas

authorship: Dunn

Chirita sinensis

authorship: Lindl.

Chirita sinensis var. latifolia

authorship: Hort.

Didymocarpus sinensis

authorship: (Lindl.) H.Lév.

Primulina sinensis

authorship: (Lindl.) Yin Z.Wang

Roettlera sinensis

authorship: (Lindl.) Kuntze

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

lifeform: perennial or lithophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 中华报春苣苔 报春苣苔

authors: (Dunn) Mich.Möller & A.Weber


slug: prinsepia-scandens

scientific: Prinsepia scandens

authorship: Hayata

genus: Prinsepia

epithet: scandens

family: Rosaceae

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan.  5: 69 (1915)

Prinsepia scandens f. nanhutashanense

authorship: (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 298 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 假皂莢 台湾扁核木

value: woody

value: 9 m

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 69

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: prinsepia-sinensis

scientific: Prinsepia sinensis

authorship: (Oliv.) Hallier f.

epithet: sinensis

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen  18: 7 (1903)

preferred: cherry prinsepia

Plagiospermum sinense

authorship: Oliv.

Plagiospermum sinense var. oblonga

authorship: Skvortsov

Prinsepia chinensis

authorship: Oliv. ex Kom. & Aliss.

Prinsepia sinensis

authorship: Oliv. ex Bean

Sinoplagiospermum sinense

authorship: (Oliv.) Rauschert

codes: CHI KOR CHM PRM

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

names:
dong bei rui he
東北扁核木

names:
Принсепия китайская
Принсепия китайский

names: Mantsuriankirsikka mantsuriankirsio

value: 3 m

value: Apr-May

authors: (Oliv.) Hallier

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 18: 7

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol PRSI2


slug: prinsepia-utilis

scientific: Prinsepia utilis

authorship: Royle

epithet: utilis

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 206. 1835 [Apr 1835]

Cycnia spinosa

authorship: Griff.

codes: CHC CHT ASS EHM IND MYA NEP PAK WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 扁核木 梅花刺果

value: vine

value: 5 m

value: Apr-Nov

authors: Royle

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 206

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: printzia-aromatica

scientific: Printzia aromatica

authorship: Less.

genus: Printzia

epithet: aromatica

family: Asteraceae

Inula aromatica

authorship: L.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: Less.

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: printzia-auriculata

scientific: Printzia auriculata

authorship: Harv.

epithet: auriculata

Printzia densifolia

authorship: J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES TVL

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

names:
Giant Daisy Bush
Giant Printzia

value: 2 m

authors: Harv.

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 3: 514

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: printzia-huttonii

scientific: Printzia huttonii

epithet: huttonii

published_in: Thes. Cap. ii. 37.

codes: CPP NAT TVL

published_in: Thes. Cap. 2: 37

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.