slug: helictochloa-pratensis

scientific: Helictochloa pratensis

authorship: (L.) Romero Zarco

epithet: pratensis

Arrhenatherum pratense

authorship: (L.) Samp.

Avena alpina

authorship: Sm.

Avena aristelliformis

authorship: Sennen ex St.-Yves

Avena bromoides subsp. requienii

authorship: (Mutel) Trab.

Avena gonzaloi

authorship: Sennen

Avena longifolia

authorship: Req.

Avena montana

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Avena opulenta

authorship: Lojac.

Avena pilosa

authorship: Kit.

Avena podolica

authorship: Blocki ex Koczw.

Avena pratensis

authorship: L.

Avena pratensis f. major

authorship: Peterm.

Avena pratensis f. pauciflora

authorship: Norm.

Avena pratensis f. spiculosa

authorship: Neuman

Avena pratensis subsp. amethystea

authorship: Braun-Blanq.

Avena pratensis subsp. hippeliana

authorship: (Podp.) Hegi

Avena pratensis subsp. subdecurrens

authorship: Borbás

Avena pratensis var. alpina

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) Bab.

Avena pratensis var. belliana

authorship: Gola

Avena pratensis var. festucoides

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Avena pratensis var. gexiana

authorship: Beauverd

Avena pratensis var. glaucescens

authorship: Casp. ex Asch. & Graebn.

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Avena pratensis var. hippeliana

authorship: Podp.

Avena pratensis var. minor

authorship: Zapał.

Avena pratensis var. paucifolia

authorship: Pauquy

Avena pratensis var. requienii

authorship: (Mutel) Rouy

Avena pratensis var. subalpina

authorship: Schur

Avena pratensis var. taurinensis

authorship: Fiori

Avena pratensis var. vasconica

authorship: (Sennen) St.-Yves

Avena requienii

authorship: Mutel

Avena splendens

authorship: Gall. ex Steud.

Avena subdecurrens

authorship: Degen ex Podp.

Avenastrum alpinum

authorship: Fritsch

Avenastrum pratense

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Avenastrum pratense f. pubescentiforme

authorship: Nyár.

Avenastrum pratense f. spiculosum

authorship: (Neuman) Neuman

Avenastrum pratense var. glaucescens

authorship: (Casp. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Podp.

Avenochloa alpina

authorship: (Sm.) Holub

Avenochloa gonzaloi

authorship: (Sennen) Holub

Avenochloa pratensis

authorship: (L.) Holub

Avenochloa pratensis subsp. hirtifolia

authorship: (Podp.) Holub

Avenochloa requienii

authorship: (Mutel) Holub

Avenochloa vasconica

authorship: (Sennen) Gervais

Avenula alpina

authorship: (Sm.) W.Sauer & Chmel.

Avenula pratensis

authorship: (L.) Dumort.

Avenula pratensis subsp. amethystea

authorship: (Braun-Blanq.) Romero Zarco

Avenula pratensis subsp. gonzaloi

authorship: (Sennen) Romero Zarco

Avenula pratensis subsp. iberica

authorship: (St.-Yves) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Avenula pratensis subsp. requienii

authorship: (Mutel) Romero Zarco

Avenula pratensis subsp. vasconica

authorship: (Sennen) Romo

Avenula pratensis var. fallax

authorship: Romero Zarco

Avenula pratensis var. gonzaloi

authorship: (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Avenula pratensis var. hirtifolia

authorship: (Podp.) L.Frey

Avenula pratensis var. vasconica

authorship: (St.-Yves) Romero Zarco

Avenula pungens

authorship: (Sennen ex St.-Yves) Holub

Avenula vasconica

authorship: (Sennen) M.Laínz

name: Helictochloa pratensis subsp. amethystea

Helictotrichon alpinum

authorship: (Sm.) Henrard

Helictotrichon gonzaloi

authorship: (Sennen) Potztal

Helictotrichon hirtifolium

authorship: (Podp.) Landolt

Helictotrichon pratense

authorship: (L.) Pilg.

Helictotrichon pratense f. glaucescens

authorship: (Casp. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Soó

Helictotrichon pratense f. hirsutum

authorship: (St.-Yves) Soó

name: Helictotrichon pratense f. pubescentiforme

name: Helictotrichon pratense subsp. hirtifolium

name: Helictotrichon pratense var. subdecurrens

codes: IRN LBS TUR WHM AUT BLT BLR BGM RUC CZE DEN FIN FRA GER GRB HUN ITA YUG NET RUW NOR POL SPA SWE SWI UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 104 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Овсец луговой

partners:
Copidosoma dius
Mesopolobus clavicornis
Mesopolobus nobile
Toxeuma fuscicornis


slug: helictotrichon-desertorum

scientific: Helictotrichon desertorum

authorship: (Less.) Pilg.

genus: Helictotrichon

epithet: desertorum

family: Poaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 7 (1938)

Arrhenatherum desertorum

authorship: (Less.) Potztal

Avena besseri

authorship: Griseb.

authorship: Ledeb.

Avena desertorum

authorship: Less.

Avena desertorum var. basaltica

authorship: Podp.

Avenastrum besseri

authorship: (Griseb.) Koczw.

Avenastrum desertorum

authorship: (Less.) Podp.

Elictotrichon sempervirens

authorship: Besser ex Andrz.

Helictotrichon altaicum

authorship: Tzvelev

Helictotrichon besseri

authorship: (Griseb.) Janch.

authorship: Klokov

name: Helictotrichon desertorum subsp. altaicum

authorship: (Tzvelev) Holub

name: Helictotrichon desertorum subsp. basalticum

authorship: (Podp.) Holub

name: Helictotrichon desertorum subsp. centroasiaticum

authorship: Holub

name: Helictotrichon desertorum var. centroasiaticum

authorship: (Holub) Tzvelev

name: Helictotrichon desertorum var. planitierum

authorship: Pavlov

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KGZ KRA MON TVA UZB WSB AUT RUC CZE RUE RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

continent: EUROPE

region: Middle Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Овсец пустынный
Скрученноостник пустынный

names: Вівсюнець пустельний

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Mongolojassus bicuspidatus
Mongolojassus tuvinus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: helietta-parvifolia

scientific: Helietta parvifolia

authorship: Benth.

genus: Helietta

epithet: parvifolia

family: Rutaceae

preferred: barreta

source: wikidata

Ptelea parvifolia

authorship: A.Gray ex Hemsl.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXG MXE TEX

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

lifeform: tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 246 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: tree

value: woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: (A.Gray ex Hemsl.) Benth.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: helinus-integrifolius

scientific: Helinus integrifolius

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

genus: Helinus

epithet: integrifolius

family: Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus mystacinus

authorship: DC.

Gouania integrifolia

authorship: Lam.

Helinus arabica

authorship: Jaub. & Spach

Helinus scandens

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) A.Rich.

Mystacinus arabicus

authorship: (Jaub. & Spach) Kuntze

Willemetia scandens

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ANG BOT CPP CPV ZAI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT MLW MOZ NAM TVL SOC SOM TAN ZAM ZIM YEM

Angola

code: ANG

continent: AFRICA

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Socotra

code: SOC

Somalia

code: SOM

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Yemen

code: YEM

region: Arabian Peninsula

lifeform: climbing shrub or liana

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Soap Bush
Soap Creeper

names:
ubulawu obude
ukumbuqwekwe

names: Ubhubhubhu ubububu

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Ceylalictus muiri
Hylaeus lemuriae
Megastigmus amelanchieris
Mesopolobus deserti
Mesopolobus dichrocerus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Encarsia singhiellae
Megastigmus helinae


slug: heliocarpus-americanus

scientific: Heliocarpus americanus

authorship: L.

genus: Heliocarpus

epithet: americanus

family: Malvaceae

preferred: white moho

source: usda

name: Heliocarpus americanus subsp. popayanensis

authorship: (Kunth) Meijer

name: Heliocarpus americanus var. popayanensis

authorship: (Kunth) K.Schum.

Heliocarpus americanus var. schumannii

authorship: Baker f.

Heliocarpus boliviensis

authorship: Hochr.

Heliocarpus costaricensis

authorship: Sprague

Heliocarpus cuspidatus

authorship: Lundell

Heliocarpus nelsonii

authorship: Rose

Heliocarpus oblongifolius

authorship: Turcz.

Heliocarpus popayanensis

authorship: Kunth

name: Heliocarpus popayanensis var. grandifolius

name: Heliocarpus popayanensis var. schumannii

name: Heliocarpus popayanensis var. trichopoda

authorship: (Turcz.) Baker f.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZS BZL CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN PAR PER VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 228 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aratinga finschi
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Pyrrhura hoematotis

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliocarpus-appendiculatus

scientific: Heliocarpus appendiculatus

epithet: appendiculatus

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 226 (1858)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS COS GUA HON NIC PAN TRT

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

region: Caribbean

climate: wet tropical

names: Burío Corcho

label: Height

category: Size

authors: Turcz.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 226

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliocarpus-terebinthinaceus

scientific: Heliocarpus terebinthinaceus

authorship: (DC.) Hochr.

epithet: terebinthinaceus

published_in: Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18-19: 125 (1914)

Grewia terebinthinacea

authorship: DC.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 139 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Cicua Cicuito

authors: Hochr.

published_in: Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18 & 19: 125

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliodendron-basalticum

scientific: Heliodendron basalticum

authorship: (F.Muell.) Gill.K.Br. & Bayly

genus: Heliodendron

epithet: basalticum

family: Fabaceae

Albizia basaltica

authorship: (F.Muell.) Benth.

Archidendropsis basaltica

authorship: (F.Muell.) I.C.Nielsen

Feuilleea basaltica

authorship: (F.Muell.) Kuntze

Queensland

code: QLD

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dead-finish
red lancewood

authors: (F.Muell.) Gill.K.Br. & Bayly

published_in: PhytoKeys 205: 323


slug: heliodendron-thozetianum

scientific: Heliodendron thozetianum

epithet: thozetianum

Albizia thozetiana

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.

names:
brown lancewood
brown siris

published_in: PhytoKeys 205: 324


slug: heliomeris-hispida

scientific: Heliomeris hispida

authorship: (A.Gray) Cockerell

genus: Heliomeris

epithet: hispida

family: Asteraceae

preferred: rough false goldeneye

Gymnolomia hispida

authorship: B.L.Rob. & Greenm.

Heliomeris hispidus var. ciliatus

authorship: Cockerell

value: annual

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: heliomeris-longifolia

scientific: Heliomeris longifolia

epithet: longifolia

preferred: longleaf false goldeneye

Viguiera longifolia var. annua

authorship: (Jones) S.L.Welsh

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXT MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Chlosyne californica
Eristalis stipator
Meleagris gallopavo
Zerene cesonia

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliomeris-multiflora

scientific: Heliomeris multiflora

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: multiflora

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 19 (1848)

preferred: showy goldeneye

Gymnolomia brevifolia

authorship: Greene ex Wooton & Standl.

Gymnolomia multiflora

authorship: (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.

authorship: (Nutt.) Rothr.

authorship: (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook.f.

Heliomeris multiflorus var. brevifolius

authorship: (Greene ex Wooton & Standl.) H.O.Yates

Viguiera multiflora

authorship: (Nutt.) S.F.Blake

Viguiera multiflora var. macrocephala

authorship: (Heiser) B.L.Turner

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS MNT NEV NWM TEX UTA WYO

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
showy goldeneye
showy goldeneyes

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Chrysotoxum derivatum
Megachile pugnata
Tachinidae
Thricops septentrionalis
Andrena costillensis
Anthophora terminalis

partners:
Acmaeodera amabilis
Apis mellifera
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus insularis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus melanopygus

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Eristalis arbustorum
Melissodes bimaculatus

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Orthodes

value: subshrub

value: forb/herb

quote: Showy goldeneye is a perennial forb arising from a woody taproot.

quote: The much branching stems reach approximately 1 m (39 in) in height.

quote: The disk is surrounded by 10 to 14 yellow ray flowers, 7 to 18 mm (0.3 to 0.7 in) long.


slug: heliophila-acuminata

scientific: Heliophila acuminata

authorship: (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud.

genus: Heliophila

epithet: acuminata

family: Brassicaceae

Heliophila eckloniana

authorship: Sond.

Heliophila liniflora

authorship: DC.

Heliophila pallida

authorship: Schltr. ex O.E.Schulz

Leptormus acuminatus

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Steud.

published_in: Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2 1: 742

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-adpressa

scientific: Heliophila adpressa

epithet: adpressa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 162 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-africana

scientific: Heliophila africana

authorship: (L.) Marais

epithet: africana

preferred: African sunspurge

Cheiranthus africanus

authorship: L.

Heliophila arabioides

authorship: Sims

Heliophila frutescens

authorship: Lam.

Heliophila incisa

authorship: Banks ex DC.

Heliophila pilosa var. digitata

authorship: sensu Sond.

Orthoselis pilosa

authorship: Spach

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 587 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African sunspurge
African Sunflax

names: blousporrie Bloubekkie

authors: (L.) Marais

published_in: Fl. S. Africa [ed. L.E.W. Codd et al.] 13: 55


slug: heliophila-agtertuinensis

scientific: Heliophila agtertuinensis

authorship: (O.E.Schulz) Al-Shehbaz

epithet: agtertuinensis

authors: (O.E.Schulz) Al-Shehbaz

published_in: Harvard Pap. Bot. 25(1): 2

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-amplexicaulis

scientific: Heliophila amplexicaulis

epithet: amplexicaulis

name: Heliophila amplexicaulis var. grandiflora

name: Heliophila amplexicaulis var. spathulata

Heliophila spathulata

authorship: E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.

Ormiscus amplexicaulis

authorship: (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

Trentepohlia integrifolia

authorship: Roth

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Clasping Sunspurge
White Sporrie

names: Sporrie Witsporrie

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 296

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-arenaria

scientific: Heliophila arenaria

epithet: arenaria

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 262 (1846)

Heliophila maximiliani

authorship: Schltr.

name: Heliophila maximilianii var. agtertuinensis

names:
Blue Sporrie
Sandveld Sunspurge

authors: Sond.

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 262

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-arenosa

scientific: Heliophila arenosa

epithet: arenosa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schltr.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: heliophila-bulbostyla

scientific: Heliophila bulbostyla

epithet: bulbostyla

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 287 (1931)

published_in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 287

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: heliophila-callosa

scientific: Heliophila callosa

epithet: callosa

Leucoium monomotapense

authorship: Herb.Burm. ex Sond.

Prisciana capensis

authorship: Raf.

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 696

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: heliophila-carnosa

scientific: Heliophila carnosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Steud.

epithet: carnosa

preferred: fleshy sunspurge

Carpopodium carnosum

authorship: (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

Cheiranthus carnosus

authorship: Thunb.

Heliophila abrotanifolia var. tenuiloba

authorship: Sond.

Heliophila graminea

authorship: DC.

Heliophila subcornuta

authorship: Beauverd

Heliophila sulcata

authorship: Conrath

Hesperis carnosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Poir.

Hesperis graminea

authorship: Poir.

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES NAM TVL

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 180 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: sporrie skoenlappertjies

authors: (Thunb.) Steud.

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-cedarbergensis

scientific: Heliophila cedarbergensis

authorship: Marais

epithet: cedarbergensis

authors: Marais

published_in: Bothalia ix. 101 (1966)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: heliophila-cinerea

scientific: Heliophila cinerea

epithet: cinerea

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Гелиофила пепельно-серая

published_in: Fl. S. Africa [ed. L.E.W. Codd et al.] 13: 57

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-clarkii

scientific: Heliophila clarkii

authorship: Al-Shehbaz

epithet: clarkii

authors: Al-Shehbaz

published_in: Phytotaxa 434(1): 70

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: heliophila-collina

scientific: Heliophila collina

epithet: collina

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bot. Arch. 31: 524, in clavi, 533

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-concatenata

scientific: Heliophila concatenata

epithet: concatenata

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 214 (1846)

Heliophila salteri

authorship: Exell

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 214


slug: heliophila-cornuta

scientific: Heliophila cornuta

epithet: cornuta

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 246 (1846)

preferred: horny sunspurge

codes: CPP NAM

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 246. t. 28

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-coronopifolia

scientific: Heliophila coronopifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: coronopifolia

preferred: blue sporrie

english:
blue sporrie
fairy-of-the-veld

Carponema filiforme

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Carponema filiformis

authorship: (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

Heliophila caledonica

authorship: Steud.

Heliophila sphaerostigma

authorship: Kunze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 465 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blue sporrie
fairy-of-the-veld

names: päivänloisto Silmäpäivänloisto

authors: L.


slug: heliophila-crassistyla

scientific: Heliophila crassistyla

epithet: crassistyla

published_in: Phytotaxa 434(1): 72


slug: heliophila-crithmifolia

scientific: Heliophila crithmifolia

authorship: Willd.

epithet: crithmifolia

Heliophila arabidea

authorship: Schltr.

Heliophila chamaemelifolia

authorship: Burch.

Heliophila crithmifolia var. parvifolia

authorship: Burch. & DC.

Heliophila parviflora

authorship: Burch. ex DC.

Sisymbrium crithmifolium

authorship: (Willd.) Roth

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 209 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Willd.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 682


slug: heliophila-decurva

scientific: Heliophila decurva

epithet: decurva


slug: heliophila-diffusa

scientific: Heliophila diffusa

authorship: DC.

epithet: diffusa

Aubrieta diffusa

authorship: Spreng.

Aurinia capensis

authorship: Desv.

Heliophila flacca

authorship: Sond.

Heliophila lepidioides

authorship: Link

Lunaria diffusa

authorship: Thunb.

Trentepohlia lepidioides

authorship: Roth.

authors: DC.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 685


slug: heliophila-digitata

scientific: Heliophila digitata

epithet: digitata

preferred: finger sunspurge

Carponema aggregata

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Heliophila chamomillifolia

authorship: Schinz

Heliophila odontopetala

authorship: Zahlbr.

Heliophila viminalis

authorship: E.Mey. ex Sond.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
finger sunspurge
Finger Sunflax

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 296

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-dregeana

scientific: Heliophila dregeana

epithet: dregeana

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 260 (1846)

value: 4 m

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 260. t. 23. f. 2


slug: heliophila-elata

scientific: Heliophila elata

epithet: elata

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 247 (1846)

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 247


slug: heliophila-elongata

scientific: Heliophila elongata

epithet: elongata

preferred: yellow sunspurge

Heliophila platysiliqua

authorship: Meisn.

codes: CPP NAT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Thunb.) DC.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 697


slug: heliophila-florulenta

scientific: Heliophila florulenta

epithet: florulenta

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 263 (1846)

lifeform: shrub or tree

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 263


slug: heliophila-glauca

scientific: Heliophila glauca

epithet: glauca

Carpopodium cleomoides

authorship: sensu Eckl. & Zeyh.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 2 m

authors: Burch. ex DC.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 690

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-goldblattii

scientific: Heliophila goldblattii

authorship: Al-Shehbaz

epithet: goldblattii

published_in: Phytotaxa 434(1): 74


slug: heliophila-juncea

scientific: Heliophila juncea

authorship: Druce

epithet: juncea

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 627 (1917)

preferred: stock sunspurge

Brachycarpaea capensis

authorship: (L.) Fourc.

Brachycarpaea flava

authorship: (L.f.) Druce

Brachycarpaea juncea

authorship: (Bergius) Marais

Cleome capensis

authorship: L.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 426 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: bergriet ridderspoor

authors: Druce

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4(Suppl. 2): 627

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-lactea

scientific: Heliophila lactea

authorship: Schltr.

epithet: lactea

english:
blue sporrie
milk sunspurge

Heliophila azureifolia

authorship: see Schlechter, Friedrich Richard Rudolf

Heliophila venusta

authorship: Dinter

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blue sporrie
milk sunspurge

partners:
Amegilla obscuriceps
Eurytoma crotolariae

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-leptophylla

scientific: Heliophila leptophylla

epithet: leptophylla


slug: heliophila-linearis

scientific: Heliophila linearis

authorship: DC.

epithet: linearis

english:
blue sporrie
needle sunspurge

Cheiranthus linearis

authorship: Thunb.

Heliophila cornigera

authorship: Fourc.

Heliophila linearifolia

authorship: Burch. ex DC.

Heliophila linearifolia var. hirsuta

authorship: Burch. & DC.

name: Heliophila linearifolia var. pilosiuscula

authorship: Sond.

Hesperis elongata

authorship: (Thunb.) Poir.

Hesperis linearis

authorship: Poir.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 434 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blue sporrie
needle sunspurge


slug: heliophila-linoides

scientific: Heliophila linoides

epithet: linoides

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-macowaniana

scientific: Heliophila macowaniana

epithet: macowaniana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: heliophila-macra

scientific: Heliophila macra

epithet: macra

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-maraisiana

scientific: Heliophila maraisiana

authorship: Al-Shehbaz & Mumm.

epithet: maraisiana

Cycloptychis virgata

authorship: (Thunb.) E.Mey. ex Sond.

authors: Al-Shehbaz & Mumm.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: heliophila-meyeri

scientific: Heliophila meyeri

epithet: meyeri

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 226 (1846)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 226

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-minima

scientific: Heliophila minima

authorship: (Stephens) Marais

epithet: minima

Cleome minima

authorship: Stephens

Heliophila pearsonii var. edentata

authorship: Mainz.

codes: CPP OFS NAT

lifeform: annual or perennial

names: sporrie witsporrie

authors: (Stephens) Marais

published_in: Bothalia viii. 166 (1964)

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: heliophila-minor

scientific: Heliophila minor

authorship: (Marais) Al-Shehbaz

epithet: minor

authors: (Marais) Al-Shehbaz

published_in: Harvard Pap. Bot. 25(1): 3

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: heliophila-nubigena

scientific: Heliophila nubigena

authorship: Schltr.

epithet: nubigena

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: heliophila-pectinata

scientific: Heliophila pectinata

authorship: Burch.

epithet: pectinata

Heliophila inconspicua

authorship: E.Mey. ex Sond.

authors: Burch.

published_in: Trav. S. Africa i. 260


slug: heliophila-pendula

scientific: Heliophila pendula

authorship: Willd.

epithet: pendula

Leptormus pendulus

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Ormiscus pendulus

authorship: Spach

Trentepohlia pinnata

authorship: Roth

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 203 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: heliophila-pinnata

scientific: Heliophila pinnata

epithet: pinnata

preferred: microblue sunspurge

Heliophila trifida

authorship: Thunb.

Ormiscus pinnatus

authorship: (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 297


slug: heliophila-pseudoeximia

scientific: Heliophila pseudoeximia

authorship: Al-Shehbaz

epithet: pseudoeximia

published_in: Phytotaxa 434(1): 79

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-pubescens-burch

scientific: Heliophila pubescens

epithet: pubescens

published_in: Trav. S. Africa 1: 259, adnot

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: heliophila-pubescens-burch-ex-sond

authorship: Burch. ex Sond.

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 208. 1846

authors: Burch. ex Sond.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: heliophila-pusilla

scientific: Heliophila pusilla

epithet: pusilla

preferred: dainty sunspurge

Arabis capensis

authorship: L.

Heliophila divaricata

authorship: Banks ex DC.

Heliophila lanceolata

authorship: Adamson

Heliophila tenuisiliqua

authorship: DC.

Ormiscus tenuisiliqua

authorship: (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-rigidiuscula

scientific: Heliophila rigidiuscula

authorship: Sond.

epithet: rigidiuscula

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg 1: 251 (1846)

preferred: blue cross

english:
blue cross
grassland blue cross flower

Heliophila mafubensis

authorship: Beauverd

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 234 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blue cross
grassland blue cross flower

partners:
Pinus echinata
Rediviva neliana

published_in: Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg i. (1846) 251. t. 27


slug: heliophila-schulzii

scientific: Heliophila schulzii

authorship: Marais

epithet: schulzii

published_in: Bothalia ix. 106 (1966)

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-scoparia

scientific: Heliophila scoparia

authorship: Burch. ex DC.

epithet: scoparia

preferred: mountain sunspurge

Cheiranthus strictus

authorship: Poir.

Heliophila aspera

authorship: Schltr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 261 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 492


slug: heliophila-seselifolia

scientific: Heliophila seselifolia

epithet: seselifolia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 684

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliophila-suavissima

scientific: Heliophila suavissima

epithet: suavissima

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 306 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 691


slug: heliophila-suborbicularis

scientific: Heliophila suborbicularis

authorship: Al-Shehbaz & Mumm.

epithet: suborbicularis

Selenocarpaea peltaria

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Thlaspeocarpa capensis

authorship: (Sond.) C.A.Sm.


slug: heliophila-subulata

scientific: Heliophila subulata

epithet: subulata

preferred: common sunspurge

Heliophila rudolfi

authorship: Schinz

Heliophila woodii

authorship: Conrath

lifeform: perennial or annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 415 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: heliophila-trifurca

scientific: Heliophila trifurca

epithet: trifurca

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 688


slug: heliophila-variabilis

scientific: Heliophila variabilis

epithet: variabilis

preferred: Namaqua sunspurge

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 263 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 2: 683


slug: heliopsis-annua

scientific: Heliopsis annua

authorship: Hemsl.

genus: Heliopsis

epithet: annua

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthanassa texana
Chlosyne janais

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(8): 156

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliopsis-buphthalmoides

scientific: Heliopsis buphthalmoides

authorship: Dunal

epithet: buphthalmoides

preferred: oppositeleaf spotflower

Acmella buphthalmoides

authorship: Pers.

authorship: (Jacq.) Rich.

Acmella mutisii

authorship: (Kunth) Cass.

Acmella occidentalis

authorship: (Willd.) Willd. ex Rich.

Acmella oppositifolia

authorship: (Lam.) R.K.Jansen

Anthemis buphthalmoides

authorship: Jacq.

Anthemis occidentalis

authorship: Willd.

Anthemis oppositifolia

authorship: Lam.

Anthemis ovatifolia

authorship: Ortega

Anthemis trinervia

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Heliopsis canescens

authorship: Kunth

Heliopsis oppositifolia

authorship: (Lam.) S.Díaz

Kallias ovata

authorship: Cass.

Spilanthes oppositifolia

authorship: (Lam.) D'Arcy

name: Spilanthes oppositifolia var. oppositifolia

Spilanthes sartorii

authorship: Sch.Bip. ex Klatt

Stemmodontia elongata

authorship: Rusby

Verbesina ovata

authorship: Hort.Par. ex Poir.

Wedelia annua

authorship: Gilli

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BOL BZN BZL CLM COS ECU FRG GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliopsis-gracilis

scientific: Heliopsis gracilis

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: gracilis

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 353 (1840)

Heliopsis helianthoides var. gracilis

authorship: (Nutt.) Gandhi & R.D.Thomas

Heliopsis laevis var. gracilis

authorship: (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray

Heliopsis laevis var. minor

authorship: Hook.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pinewoods oxeye
smooth oxeye

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 353

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliopsis-helianthoides

scientific: Heliopsis helianthoides

authorship: Sweet

epithet: helianthoides

preferred: false sunflower

english:
false sunflower
smooth oxeye

source: inat

Acmella flavicaulis

authorship: Raf.

Buphthalmum helianthoides

authorship: L.

Buphthalmum melissoides

authorship: Poir.

name: Heliopsis helianthoides subsp. occidentalis

name: Heliopsis helianthoides var. helianthoides

Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra

authorship: (Dunal) Fernald

name: Heliopsis helianthoides var. solidaginoides

authorship: (L.) Fernald

Heliopsis laevis var. scabra

authorship: (Dunal) Torr. & A.Gray

Heliopsis oppositifolia

authorship: (L.) Druce

Heliopsis scabra

authorship: Dunal

codes: ALA ARK COL CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agrotis ipsilon
Andrena amieti
Andrena andrenoides
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena miserabilis

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus rufocinctus
Colias eurytheme
Abaeis nicippe
Acanalonia conica
Acontia candefacta

partners:
Acutalis tartarea
Adalia bipunctata
Ammophila pictipennis
Anasa armigera
Anaxipha exigua
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthocomus equestris
Carmenta ithacae

partners:
Pieris rapae
Adalia bipunctata
Agapostemon sericeus
Agapostemon virescens
Agrotis ipsilon
Ammophila pictipennis
Apis mellifera
Bembix americana

quote: Smooth oxeye is a member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is a vigorous, upright, native, perennial forb

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: heliopsis-parvifolia

scientific: Heliopsis parvifolia

epithet: parvifolia

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 86 (1853)

preferred: mountain oxeye

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 147 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 86

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliosperma-alpestre

scientific: Heliosperma alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) Rchb.

genus: Heliosperma

epithet: alpestre

family: Caryophyllaceae

published_in: Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch : 206 (1841)

Heliosperma alpestre

authorship: (Jacq.) Griseb.

Heliosperma arcanum

authorship: Zapał.

Heliosperma quadrifidum

authorship: Griseb.

Ixoca arcana

authorship: (Zapał.) Ikonn.

Ixoca quadrifida

authorship: (L.) Soják

Silene alpestris

authorship: Jacq.

Silene austriaca

authorship: hort. ex Steud.

codes: AUT ITA YUG UKR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 380 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 冠蝇草 玉星蝇子草

names: Alpen-Leimkraut Alpen-Strahlensame

names:
planinski slanozor
planinski slizek

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Ceratina callosa
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Melanostoma mellinum
Paragus
Sphaerophoria scripta
Syritta pipiens

value: chamaephyte

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jul-Aug

authors: Rchb.

published_in: Repert. 206


slug: heliosperma-intonsum

scientific: Heliosperma intonsum

authorship: (Greuter & Melzh.) Niketić & Stevan.

epithet: intonsum

Ixoca intonsa

authorship: (Greuter & Melzh.) Holub

Silene intonsa

authorship: Greuter & Melzh.

Greece

code: GRC

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (Greuter & Melzh.) Niketić & Stevan.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliosperma-pusillum

scientific: Heliosperma pusillum

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Rchb.

epithet: pusillum

Heliosperma malyi

authorship: (H.Neumayer) Degen

name: Heliosperma quadrifidum subsp. carpaticum

authorship: Zapal.

Ixoca monachorum

authorship: (Vis. & Pančić) Ikonn.

Ixoca pusilla

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Soják

Silene monachorum

authorship: Vis. & Pančić

Silene pusilla

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA GER GRC ITA YUG POL ROM SIC SPA SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 671 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Солнцесемянник маленький

names:
Artengruppe Kleines Leimkraut
Kleine Lichtnelke

names: Silène fluet, Héliosperme fluette, Silène miniature

partners:
Eristalis tenax
Halictus confusus
Lasioglossum cupromicans
Lasioglossum leucopus
Lasioglossum quadrinotatulum
Parasyrphus relictus
Sphaerophoria scripta
Syritta pipiens

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: heliotropium-amplexicaule

scientific: Heliotropium amplexicaule

authorship: Vahl

genus: Heliotropium

epithet: amplexicaule

family: Heliotropiaceae

preferred: clasping heliotrope

Cochranea anchusaefolia

authorship: (Poir.) Gürke

Cochranea anchusifolia

authorship: (Poir.) Gurke

Cochranea anchusifolia var. latifolia

authorship: Hicken

Heliophytum anchusifolium

authorship: (Poir.) DC.

name: Heliophytum anchusifolium var. angustifolium

authorship: DC.

name: Heliophytum anchusifolium var. latifolium

Heliotropium anchusifolium

authorship: Poir.

name: Heliotropium anchusifolium f. grandiflorum

authorship: Kuntze

name: Heliotropium anchusifolium f. parviflorum

name: Heliotropium anchusifolium var. angustifolium

name: Heliotropium anchusifolium var. latifolium

authorship: (DC.) Kuntze

name: Heliotropium anchusifolium var. lithospermifolium

Heliotropium bolivianum

authorship: Rusby

Heliotropium lithospermifolium

authorship: Speg.

Heliotropium montevidense

authorship: Arechav.

Heliotropium semiamplexicaule

authorship: Larrañaga

codes: REU AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL BZC URU

Réunion

code: REU

region: Western Indian Ocean

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
clasping heliotrope
Blue Heliotrope

names:
Borraja de campo
Pucará

names: 抱莖天芥菜 抱莖香水草

names: Гелиотроп стеблеобъемлющий

names:
Héliotrope
Héliotrope amplexicaule

partners:
Dione vanillae
Exoprosopa dux
Hedone vibex
Hylephila phyleus
Acontia onagrus
Bombus impatiens
Spragueia onagrus

partners:
Echinargus isola
Elodina parthia
Eurema lisa
Palpada vinetorum

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: heliotropium-angiospermum

scientific: Heliotropium angiospermum

authorship: Murray

epithet: angiospermum

published_in: Prodr. Stirp. Gott. : 217 (1770)

preferred: scorpion's-tail

Heliophytum parviflorum

authorship: (Murray) DC.

name: Heliophytum parviflorum var. subellipticum

Heliophytum portoricense

authorship: Bello

Heliotropium foetidum

authorship: Salzm. ex DC.

Heliotropium lancifolium

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Heliotropium latifolium

authorship: Willd. ex Lehm.

Heliotropium oblongifolium

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Heliotropium patebilcense

authorship: Kunth

Heliotropium rugosum

authorship: Matt. & Galeotti

Heliotropium synzystachyum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Schobera angiosperma

authorship: (Murray) Scop.

authorship: (Murray) Britton

Schobera hirsuta

authorship: Raf.

Tournefortia synzystachya

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX BAH BLZ BOL BZE BZS BZL CAY CLN CLM COS DOM ELS GAL GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAR PER PUE SWC TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Chile North

code: CLN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Galápagos

code: GAL

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1974 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Ηλιοτρόπιο το Αγγειόσπερμο

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Ammophila pictipennis
Anartia jatrophae
Anartia jatrophae guantanamo
Apis mellifera
Ascia monuste
Brephidium exilis
Callicista columella istapa

partners:
Ammophila pictipennis
Ascia monuste
Bicyrtes insidiatrix
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Delta higletti rendalli
Dielis dorsata
Dioprosopa clavatus
Halictus poeyi

partners:
Apis mellifera
Chiothion georgina
Dielis dorsata
Dielis trifasciata
Halictus poeyi
Heliconius charithonia tuckeri
Hemiargus ceraunus
Pachodynerus erynnis

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: heliotropium-anomalum

scientific: Heliotropium anomalum

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: anomalum

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 66 (1832)

preferred: Polynesian heliotrope

codes: CRL COO HAW LIN MRN NWC NUE PIT SCI TUA TUB WAK

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

Cook Is.

code: COO

region: South-Central Pacific

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

Line Is.

code: LIN

Marianas

code: MRN

New Caledonia

code: NWC

region: Southwestern Pacific

Niue

code: NUE

Pitcairn Is.

code: PIT

Society Is.

code: SCI

Tuamotu

code: TUA

Tubuai Is.

code: TUB

Wake I.

code: WAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 295 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners: Hesperiidae Xylocopa

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent


slug: heliotropium-arbainense

scientific: Heliotropium arbainense

authorship: Fresen.

epithet: arbainense

published_in: Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 168 (1833)

codes: EGY ETH MDG SUD AFG IRN LBS PAL SAU SIN

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Iran

code: IRN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Sinai

code: SIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Гелиотроп арбаинский

names: עוקץ-עקרב מדברי

value: herb

authors: Fresen.

published_in: Mus. Senckenberg. i. (1833) 168

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-arborescens

scientific: Heliotropium arborescens

authorship: L.

epithet: arborescens

preferred: Cherry-pie

english:
Cherry-pie
garden heliotrope

Heliotropium grandiflorum

authorship: Donn

Heliotropium odoratissimum

authorship: Gaterau

Heliotropium odoratum

authorship: Moench

Heliotropium odorum

authorship: Salisb.

name: Heliotropium peruvianum var. voltaireanum

authorship: Paxton

Heliotropium voltaireanum

authorship: (Paxton) Loudon

Synzistachium peruvianum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: BOL CLM PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 209 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
garden heliotrope
Cherry-pie

names: 南美天芥菜 香水草

names: Гелиотроп древовидный

names: / Héliotrope

names:
Heliotrop Peruwiański
tomiłek wonny

partners:
Andrena milwaukeensis
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Atteva punctella
Belenois creona severina
Calycopis cecrops
Cisseps fulvicollis
Colias eurytheme

partners:
Cycloneda munda
Danaus plexippus
Delta caffrum
Eupteryx atropunctata

partners:
Battus philenor hirsuta
Cornutiplusia circumflexa
Dione vanillae
Eristalis arbustorum
Helicoverpa zea
Hymenia perspectalis
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Vanessa annabella

value: non-woody

value: evergreen

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-arboreum

scientific: Heliotropium arboreum

authorship: (Blanco) Mabb.

epithet: arboreum

published_in: Mabberley's Pl.-Book 1101. 2017

preferred: velvetleaf soldierbush

Argusia argentea

authorship: (L.f.) Heine

Heliotropium foertherianum

authorship: Diane & Hilger

Messerschmidia argentea

authorship: (L.) I.M.Johnst.

Tournefortia arborea

authorship: Blanco

codes: ALD CGS KEN MDG MAU MOZ MCI ROD REU SEY SOM TAN CHH JAP NNS OGA TAI AND BOR XMS CKI JAW LDV LSI MLY MDV MOL NWG NCB PHI SOL SCS SRL SUL SUM THA VIE QLD WAU CRL COO FIJ GIL LIN MCS MRN MRS NRU NWC NUE PHX PIT SAM SCI TOK TON TUA TUB TUV VAN WAK WAL

Aldabra

code: ALD

Chagos Archipelago

code: CGS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Mauritius

code: MAU

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique Channel Is.

code: MCI

Rodrigues

code: ROD

Réunion

code: REU

Seychelles

code: SEY

Somalia

code: SOM

Tanzania

code: TAN

Hainan

code: CHH

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Christmas I.

code: XMS

Cocos (Keeling) Is.

code: CKI

Jawa

code: JAW

Laccadive Is.

code: LDV

region: Indian Subcontinent

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maldives

code: MDV

Maluku

code: MOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1998 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Anoplolepis gracilipes
Apis cerana
Ceratina palauensis
Macaria abydata
Musca domestica
Phelsuma ornata
Prosotas dubiosa

partners:
Anoplolepis gracilipes
Hieromantis
Macaria abydata
Utetheisa cruentata
Utetheisa lactea
Utetheisa pulchelloides

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: heliotropium-bacciferum

scientific: Heliotropium bacciferum

authorship: Forssk.

epithet: bacciferum

preferred: Turnsole

Dialion undulatum

authorship: (Vahl) Raf.

Heliotropium bacciferum subsp. lignosum

authorship: (Schweinf. ex Vatke) Kazmi

Heliotropium bacciferum var. fartakense

authorship: (Sw.) Kazmi

Heliotropium undulatum

authorship: Vahl

Heliotropium undulatum var. suberosa

authorship: Clarke

name: Heliotropium undulatum var. tuberculosum

authorship: Boiss.

Lithospermum lignosum

authorship: Schweinf. ex Vatke

codes: BKN CHA COM DJI EGY ERI ETH LBY MDG MTN NGR NGA SEN SOM SUD AFG GST IRN KUW LBS OMA PAL SAU SIN TKM YEM IND PAK

Burkina

code: BKN

region: West Tropical Africa

Chad

code: CHA

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mauritania

code: MTN

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Senegal

code: SEN

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Gulf States

code: GST

Iran

code: IRN

Kuwait

code: KUW

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Yemen

code: YEM

India

code: IND

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 145 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla fasciata
Ceylalictus variegatus


slug: heliotropium-calcareum

scientific: Heliotropium calcareum

authorship: Stocks

epithet: calcareum

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 174 (1852)

Sericostoma calcareum

authorship: (Vatke) I.M.Johnst.

codes: GST IRN OMA IND PAK

Pakistan

code: PAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Stocks

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 174

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: heliotropium-chenopodiaceum

scientific: Heliotropium chenopodiaceum

authorship: (A.DC.) Clos

epithet: chenopodiaceum

Cochranea ericoidea

authorship: Miers

name: Heliotropium chenopodiaceum var. chenopodiaceum

name: Heliotropium chenopodiaceum var. ericoideum

authorship: (Miers) Reiche

Heliotropium sclerocarpum

authorship: Phil.

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

authors: (A.DC.) Clos


slug: heliotropium-ciliatum

scientific: Heliotropium ciliatum

authorship: Kaplan

epithet: ciliatum

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus. 12: 187 (1927)

Heliotropium tuberculosum

authorship: (Cham.) Gürke

Tournefortia tuberculosa

authorship: Cham.

codes: ANG BOT CPP SWZ OFS NAT MOZ NAM TVL ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 130 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Гелиотроп реснитчатый

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus. 12: 187

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-curassavicum

scientific: Heliotropium curassavicum

authorship: L.

epithet: curassavicum

preferred: alkali heliotrope

english:
alkali heliotrope
salt heliotrope

Coldenia succulenta

authorship: Peter

Heliotropium angustifolium

authorship: Raf.

Heliotropium chenopodioides

authorship: Willd.

Heliotropium chilense

authorship: Bertero

name: Heliotropium curassavicum subsp. obovatum

authorship: (DC.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

name: Heliotropium curassavicum subsp. oculatum

authorship: (A.Heller) Thorne

name: Heliotropium curassavicum var. chenopodioides

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Lehm.

name: Heliotropium curassavicum var. curassavicum

name: Heliotropium curassavicum var. parviflorum

authorship: Ball

name: Heliotropium curassavicum var. violaceum

name: Heliotropium curassavicum var. xerophilum

authorship: A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

Heliotropium glaucophyllum

authorship: Moench

Heliotropium glaucum

authorship: Salisb.

Heliotropium lehmannianum

authorship: Bruns

Heliotropium portulacoides

authorship: DC. ex Bello

Heliotropium spathulatum

authorship: Rydb.

name: Heliotropium spathulatum subsp. oculatum

authorship: (A.Heller) Ewan

Heliotropium virens

authorship: E.Mey. ex DC.

Heliotropium xerophilum

authorship: Cockerell

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU ALA ABT ARI ARK CAL COL DEL FLA GEO IDA KAN LOU MAI MAN MRY MXI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NWJ NWM NCA NDA OKL ORE PEN SAS SCA SDA TEX UTA VRG WAS WYO HAW AGE AGW AGS ARU BAH BLZ BER BOL BZE BZS BZL CPI CLC CLN CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GAL GUA GUY HAI HON LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TCI URU VEN VNA WIN

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

region: Mexico

Mexico Central

code: MXC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1975 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: নোনা হাতিশুড়

names: Гелиотроп курасавский

names: עוקץ-עקרב בשרני

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Calliopsis hesperia
Pyrgus scriptura
Agapostemon melliventris
Ammophila
Anthophora californica
Anthophora curta
Anthophora flavocincta

partners:
Ammophila aberti
Apis mellifera
Bagrada hilaris
Bembix americana
Bembix amoena
Brephidium exilis
Ceratina arizonensis
Eresia aveyrona mylitta

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Anastoechus
Anthophora urbana
Apis mellifera
Apodemia virgulti
Argynnis coronis
Atalopedes campestris
Bagrada hilaris


slug: heliotropium-dentatum

scientific: Heliotropium dentatum

epithet: dentatum

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 81 (1883)

Socotra

code: SOC

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh xii. (1884) 81

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: heliotropium-dolosum

scientific: Heliotropium dolosum

authorship: De Not.

epithet: dolosum

published_in: Repert. Fl. Ligust. : 319 (1844)

Heliotropium littorale

authorship: Steven

Heliotropium macrocarpum

authorship: Guss.

codes: CYP EAI GST IRN LBS TCS TUR BUL GRC ITA KRI KRY ROM TUE UKR

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

names: Гелиотроп обманчивый

names:
Héliotrope
Héliotrope trompeur

names: Ηλιοτρόπιο το Δόλιο

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Geron gibbosus
Lasioglossum malachurum
Lycaena phlaeas
Megachile
Megachile pilidens

value: therophyte

authors: De Not.

published_in: Repert. Ligur. 319

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-elongatum

scientific: Heliotropium elongatum

authorship: (Lehm.) Gürke

epithet: elongatum

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 96 (1893)

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: variable

value: perennial

authors: (Lehm.) Gürke

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 96, fig. 39c (1893):


slug: heliotropium-europaeum

scientific: Heliotropium europaeum

authorship: L.

epithet: europaeum

preferred: European heliotrope

Heliotropium majus

authorship: Garsault

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN AFG CYP EAI GST IRQ KAZ LBS NCS OMA PAL TCS TUR YEM IND PAK ALB AUT BAL BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Gulf States

code: GST

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Yemen

code: YEM

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Pakistan

code: PAK

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Heliotrine

activities: Antileukemic Antineuromuscular Antitumor Carcinogenic Hepatotoxic Hypotensive Mutagenic Respiroparalytic

Supinine

activities: Anticholinergic Antitumor Hepatotoxic Mutagenic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Europäische Sonnenwende
Europaeische Sonnenwende

partners:
Megachile
Paragus tibialis
Polyommatus icarus
Amegilla albigena
Amictus validus
Andrena flavipes
Apis mellifera
Geron gibbosus

partners:
Anacridium aegyptium
Anthophora bimaculata
Apis mellifera
Aricia cramera
Cacyreus marshalli
Camponotus micans
Carpocoris mediterraneus atlanticus
Colias croceus

partners:
Cacyreus marshalli
Chorthippus
Lycaena phlaeas
Messor barbarus
Pieris rapae
Prionyx viduatus
Pyrrhocoris apterus
Utetheisa pulchella

partners:
Cynaeda dentalis
Trichoplusia ni
Utetheisa pulchella
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser


slug: heliotropium-floridum

scientific: Heliotropium floridum

authorship: (A.DC.) Clos

epithet: floridum

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Chile North

code: CLN

region: Southern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-formosanum

scientific: Heliotropium formosanum

epithet: formosanum

names: 山豆根 臺灣天芹菜

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 114

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: heliotropium-geissei

scientific: Heliotropium geissei

epithet: geissei

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 90: 352 (1895)

codes: AGW CLC

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Chile Central

code: CLC

value: annual

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 90: 352


slug: heliotropium-glabriusculum

scientific: Heliotropium glabriusculum

epithet: glabriusculum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 50 (1875)

preferred: greeneye heliotrope

Heliophytum glabriusculum

authorship: Torr.

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

names:
greeneye heliotrope
Green-eyed Heliotrope

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts x. (1875) 50


slug: heliotropium-hirsutissimum-weber

scientific: Heliotropium hirsutissimum

authorship: Weber

epithet: hirsutissimum

published_in: Pl. Min. Cogn. Decuria : 1 (1784)

Heliotropium villosum

authorship: Willd.

codes: EGY LBY CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR GRC KRI TUE

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 370 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Polygonia egea
Pontia edusa

authors: Weber

published_in: Pl. Min. Cogn. Decuria 1


slug: heliotropium-hirsutissimum-grauer

authorship: Grauer

published_in: Pl. Min. Cogn. Dec. 1 1784

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names


slug: heliotropium-indicum

scientific: Heliotropium indicum

epithet: indicum

published_in: Species Plantarum 2 1753

preferred: Indian Heliotrope

english:
Indian Heliotrope
Indian heliotrope

Eliopia riparia

authorship: Raf.

Heliophytum foetidum

authorship: DC.

Heliotropium africanum

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

Heliotropium cordifolium

authorship: Moench

Heliotropium foetidum

authorship: Salisb.

Heliotropium horminifolium

authorship: Mill.

Heliotropium parviflorum

authorship: Blanco

Tiaridium indicum

authorship: Lehm.

Tiaridium indicum var. mexicanum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2088 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Indian heliotrope
Eye Bright

names:
Alacrancillo
Cola de alacrán

names: 大尾摇 狗尾草

names: رقيب الشمس الهندي

names:
Cravo de urubu
Cravo-de-urubu

names: Гелиотроп индийский

names:
Herbe à malingres
Héliotrope d'Inde

names: தேள் கொடுக்கி

names: رقيب الشمس الهندي

partners:
Acraea terpsicore
Belenois aurota
Catopsilia pyranthe
Cecropterus dorantes galapagensis
Danaus chrysippus
Danaus eresimus
Danaus genutia
Dione vanillae

partners:
Danaus chrysippus
Danaus eresimus
Euploea core
Melinaea ludovica
Parantica aglea
Pleuroprucha insulsaria
Tirumala limniace

partners:
Acraea terpsicore
Acytolepis puspa
Amauris niavius
Anatidae
Castalius rosimon
Catopsilia pomona
Catopsilia pyranthe
Cephonodes hylas

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: subshrub

value: forb/herb

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: is one of the few annuals within this genus (in Texas)

quote: Flowers are blue or violet (rarely white)


slug: heliotropium-kotschyi

scientific: Heliotropium kotschyi

authorship: Gürke

epithet: kotschyi

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] iv. 3a (1893) 95.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Gürke


slug: heliotropium-lilloi

scientific: Heliotropium lilloi

authorship: (I.M.Johnst.) Luebert

epithet: lilloi

codes: AGW BOL

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

partners:
Arremon flavirostris
Arremon torquatus
Atlapetes citrinellus
Cacicus chrysopterus
Catharus dryas
Catharus ustulatus
Chlorospingus flavopectus
Cyanocompsa brissonii

value: tree

source: GIFT

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (I.M.Johnst.) Luebert

published_in: Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 52(4): 794


slug: heliotropium-longistylum

scientific: Heliotropium longistylum

authorship: Phil.

epithet: longistylum

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 43: 515 (1873)

Cochranea longistyla

authorship: (Phil.) Phil.

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

authors: Phil.

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 43: 515


slug: heliotropium-messerschmidioides

scientific: Heliotropium messerschmidioides

authorship: Kuntze

epithet: messerschmidioides

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Lasioglossum evylaeus
Sphecodes marginatus
Unidentified sp3 M_PL_058
Unidentified sp6 M_PL_050

value: 3 m

label: Flower colour

value: green

value: Jan-Dec

authors: Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 438

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-microstachyum

scientific: Heliotropium microstachyum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: microstachyum

Heliotropium bangii

authorship: Rusby

Heliotropium brachystachyum

authorship: (DC.) Griseb.

authorship: Cham.

Heliotropium phaenocarpam

authorship: Reiche

Tournefortia microstachya

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult.

codes: AGW BOL ECU PER

Ecuador

code: ECU

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 3, t. 110

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-myosotifolium

scientific: Heliotropium myosotifolium

authorship: (DC.) Reiche

epithet: myosotifolium

Cochranea hebecula

authorship: Miers

Cochranea myosotifolia

authorship: (A.DC.) Miers

name: Heliophytum stenophyllum var. myosotifolium

name: Heliotropium stenophyllum var. myosotifolium

authorship: (A.DC.) Clos

authors: Reiche


slug: heliotropium-nicotianifolium

scientific: Heliotropium nicotianifolium

authorship: Poir.

epithet: nicotianifolium

Heliophytum nicotianaefolium

authorship: DC.

Heliophytum sidaefolium

authorship: (Cham.) DC.

Tournefortia heliotropioides

authorship: Hook.

codes: AGE AGW BOL PAR URU

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: Poir.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. 23


slug: heliotropium-nigricans

scientific: Heliotropium nigricans

epithet: nigricans

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 81 (1883)

preferred: Heliotropum

source: wikidata

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh xii. (1884) 81


slug: heliotropium-paronychioides

scientific: Heliotropium paronychioides

epithet: paronychioides

codes: AGE AGW AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile South

code: CLS

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-pycnophyllum

scientific: Heliotropium pycnophyllum

authorship: Phil.

epithet: pycnophyllum

Cochranea pycnophylla

authorship: Phil. ex Reiche

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Гелиотроп густолистный

published_in: Fl. Atacam. 38

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-ramosissimum

scientific: Heliotropium ramosissimum

authorship: Sieber ex DC.

epithet: ramosissimum

preferred: wavy heliotrope

Heliophytum kotschyi

authorship: Bunge

Heliotropium affghanum

authorship: Boiss.

Heliotropium assyricum

authorship: Aucher ex DC.

Heliotropium balansae

authorship: Riedl

Heliotropium eriocarpum

authorship: Schimp. ex DC.

Heliotropium sarothroclados

authorship: Bornm.

Heliotropium turcomanicum

authorship: Popov & Korovin

Lithospermum hispidum

authorship: Forssk.

codes: BKN CNY CVI CHA DJI EGY LBY MDR MTN NGR SEN SUD AFG GST IRN IRQ LBS SAU SIN TKM YEM

Burkina

code: BKN

region: West Tropical Africa

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

Djibouti

code: DJI

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Mauritania

code: MTN

Niger

code: NGR

Senegal

code: SEN

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Gulf States

code: GST

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Yemen

code: YEM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 776 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

partners:
Cirrospilus longstigmae
Danaus chrysippus
Danaus plexippus
Estheria simonyi
Micromeriella aureola
Polyommatus celina
Vanessa cardui
Zizeeria knysna

partners:
Ammophila terminata
Ammophila terminata terminata
Podalonia tydei

label: Eaten by

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: heliotropium-rotundifolium

scientific: Heliotropium rotundifolium

authorship: Sieber ex Lehm.

epithet: rotundifolium

published_in: Icon. Descr. Nov. Stirp. 2: t. 19 (1822)

codes: EGY LBS PAL SIN

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Гелиотроп круглолистный

names: עוקץ-עקרב עגול-עלים

label: Growth habit

authors: Sieber ex Lehm.

published_in: Icon. Descr. Nov. Stirp. 19. t. 30

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: heliotropium-rufipilum

scientific: Heliotropium rufipilum

authorship: (Benth.) I.M.Johnst.

epithet: rufipilum

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 81: 44 (1928)

Tournefortia rufipila

authorship: Benth.

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BOL COS ECU ELS GAL GUA HON NIC PER

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bolivia

code: BOL

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Galápagos

code: GAL

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

label: Woodiness

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 81: 44


slug: heliotropium-sarmentosum

scientific: Heliotropium sarmentosum

authorship: (Lam.) Craven

epithet: sarmentosum

Bourreria setosa

authorship: (Roxb.) G.Don

Tournefortia frangulifolia

authorship: Zipp. ex Span.

Tournefortia glabrifolia

authorship: Domin

Tournefortia horsfieldii

authorship: Miq.

Tournefortia sarmentosa

authorship: Lam.

Tournefortia urvilleana

authorship: Cham.

codes: TAI AND BAN BOR JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SOL SUL SUM VIE QLD VAN

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Vietnam

code: VIE

Queensland

code: QLD

region: Australia

Vanuatu

code: VAN

region: Southwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 237 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
冷飯藤
tai wan zi dan

partners:
Euploea eunice hobsoni
Euploea sylvester swinhoei
Euploea tulliolus koxinga
Nyctemera adversata

value: liana

authors: (Lam.) Craven

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-sinuatum

scientific: Heliotropium sinuatum

authorship: (Miers) I.M.Johnst.

epithet: sinuatum

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 81: 26 (1928)

Cochranea rosmarinifolia

authorship: Phil.

Cochranea sinuata

authorship: Miers

Heliophytum floridum var. bridgesii

authorship: DC.

Heliotropium floridum var. bridgesii

authorship: (A.DC.) Clos

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 81: 26

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: heliotropium-stenophyllum

scientific: Heliotropium stenophyllum

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: stenophyllum

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 38 (1830)

Cochranea stenophylla

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Miers

name: Heliophytum stenophyllum var. rosmarinifolium

name: Heliotropium stenophyllum var. rosmarinifolium

authorship: Clos

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 343 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hook. & Arn.

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 38

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: heliotropium-steudneri

scientific: Heliotropium steudneri

authorship: Vatke

epithet: steudneri

Heliotropium bottae

authorship: Deflers

Heliotropium chiatellinii

authorship: Chiov.

Heliotropium eduardi

authorship: Martelli

Heliotropium pectinatum

authorship: Vaupel

name: Heliotropium pectinatum subsp. mkomaziense

authorship: Verdc.

name: Heliotropium pectinatum subsp. septentrionale

Heliotropium rogersii

authorship: Kaplan

codes: ANG BOT CPP DJI ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT MOZ NAM TVL SOM SUD TAN UGA ZIM OMA YEM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Djibouti

code: DJI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Oman

code: OMA

region: Arabian Peninsula

Yemen

code: YEM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Heliotrope
Common String-of-Stars

partners:
Danaus chrysippus
Heterohyrax brucei

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.