slug: magnolia-dealbata

scientific: Magnolia dealbata

authorship: Zucc.

epithet: dealbata

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.  2: 373 (1837)

preferred: cloudforest magnolia

Magnolia macrophylla var. dealbata

authorship: (Zucc.) D.L.Johnson

Metamagnolia dealbata

authorship: (Zucc.) Sima & S.G.Lu

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

label: Near Threatened

names:
cloudforest magnolia
Mexican bigleaf magnolia

names: Eleoxochitl Eloxóchitl

authors: Zucc.

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 2: 373, pl

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: magnolia-denudata

scientific: Magnolia denudata

authorship: Desr.

genus: Magnolia

epithet: denudata

family: Magnoliaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Lily Tree

english:
Lily Tree
Yulan Magnolia
lilytree
yulan magnolia

source: wikidata

Gwillimia yulan

authorship: (Desf.) Kostel.

Lassonia heptapeta

authorship: Buc'hoz

Magnolia alexandrina

authorship: Steud.

Magnolia conspicua

authorship: Salisb.

Magnolia conspicua var. rosea

authorship: Pamp.

Magnolia cuneatifolia

authorship: (T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & D.L.Fu) C.B.Callaghan & Png

Magnolia cyathiformis

authorship: Rinz ex K.Koch

Magnolia denudata var. angustitepala

authorship: T.B.Chao & Z.S.Chun

Magnolia denudata var. glabrata

authorship: Y.L.Wang & S.Z.Zhang

Magnolia denudata var. pyriformis

authorship: T.D.Yang & T.C.Cui

Magnolia heptapeta

authorship: (Buc'hoz) Dandy

Magnolia obovata var. denudata

authorship: (Desr.) DC.

Magnolia precia

authorship: Corrêa ex Vent.

Magnolia purpurea var. denudata

authorship: (Desr.) Loudon

Magnolia yulan

authorship: Desf.

Yulania conspicua

authorship: (Salisb.) Spach

Yulania cuneatifolia

authorship: T.B.Chao, Zhi X.Chen & D.L.Fu

Yulania denudata

authorship: (Desr.) D.L.Fu

Yulania denudata var. pyramidalis

authorship: (T.B.Chao & Zhi X.Chen) D.L.Fu

Yulania pyriformis

authorship: (T.D.Yang & T.C.Cui) D.L.Fu

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHC CHS

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

lifeform: tree

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Acaricide Allelopathic Allergenic Anesthetic Anthelmintic Antiacetylcholinesterase

Limonene

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Acaricide Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiadenomic Antialzheimeran? Antiasthmatic

Alpha-pinene

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacne Antibacterial Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antipneumonic

Alpha-terpineol

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antiacne Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antiinflammatory

Beta-eudesmol

activities: AntiEBV Antianoxic Antimutagenic Antipeptic Antisalmonella Antitumor-Promoter? Antiulcer CNS-Inhibitor

Myrcene

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic Antibacterial Anticonvulsant Antimutagenic Antinitrosaminic

Bornyl-acetate

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Antibacterial Antifeedant Antispasmodic Antiviral Expectorant FLavor

P-cymene

activities: Analgesic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antibacillary Antibacterial Antiflu Antirheumatalgic Antiviral FLavor

Alpha-terpinene

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Acaricide Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiacetylcholinesterase Antinitrosaminic Antispasmodic FLavor Insecticide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Lily Tree
lilytree

names: 玉兰 应春花

names:
Магнолия голая
Магнолия обнаженная

names: haku-mokuren ハクモクレン

names: Магнолія оголена

names: แมกโนเลียยวี่หลาน

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Pararge aegeria
Vespula vulgaris
Xylocopa

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: follicle

source: Wikidata

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Desr.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 3(2): 675

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: magnolia-doltsopa

scientific: Magnolia doltsopa

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar

epithet: doltsopa

published_in: Proc. Int. Symp. Magnoliac.  1: 21 (2000)

preferred: Sweet Michelia

english:
Sweet Michelia
Temple Magnolia
sweet michelia

Magnolia doltsopa var. wardii

authorship: (Dandy) V.S.Kumar

Magnolia excelsa

authorship: Wall.

authorship: Jacques

Michelia doltsopa

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

Michelia excelsa

authorship: (Wall.) Blume

Michelia manipurensis

authorship: Watt ex Brandis

Michelia wardii

authorship: Dandy

Sampacca excelsa

authorship: (Wall.) Kuntze

codes: CHC CHT ASS BAN EHM MYA NEP

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

climate: subtropical

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names:
Sweet Michelia
Temple Magnolia

names: 南亚含笑 南亞含笑

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

authors: (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar

published_in: Proc. Internat. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998 21

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: magnolia-figo

scientific: Magnolia figo

authorship: (Lour.) DC.

epithet: figo

preferred: Banana magnolia

english:
Banana magnolia
Port wine magnolia
Banana shrub

Liriodendron figo

authorship: Lour.

Liriopsis fuscata

authorship: (Andrews) Spach

Magnolia annonifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Magnolia caudata

authorship: (M.X.Wu, X.H.Wu & G.Y.Li) C.B.Callaghan & Png

Magnolia fasciata

authorship: Vent.

Magnolia fuscata

authorship: Andrews

Magnolia fuscata var. annonifolia

authorship: (Salisb.) DC.

Magnolia fuscata var. hebeclada

authorship: DC.

Magnolia fuscata var. parviflora

authorship: (Blume) Steud.

Magnolia parviflora

authorship: Blume

Michelia amoenna

authorship: Q.F.Zheng & M.M.Lin

Michelia brevipes

authorship: Y.K.Li & X.M.Wang

Michelia caudata

authorship: M.X.Wu, X.H.Wu & G.Y.Li

Michelia fascicata

authorship: (Andrews) Vent.

Michelia figo

authorship: (Lour.) Spreng.

Michelia figo var. crassipes

authorship: (Y.W.Law) B.L.Chen & Noot.

Michelia fuscata

authorship: (Andrews) Blume

Michelia linyaoensis

authorship: D.C.Zhang & S.B.Zhou

Michelia parviflora

authorship: Deless.

Michelia parvifolia

authorship: (DC.) B.D.Jacks.

Michelia skinneriana

authorship: Dunn

Sampacca parviflora

authorship: (Deless.) Kuntze

Sampacca parvifolia

authorship: Kuntze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 150 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Banana magnolia
Port wine magnolia

partners:
Alisterus scapularis
Graphium doson

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: shrub

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Height

category: Size

value: 5 m

value: evergreen

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: magnolia-foveolata

scientific: Magnolia foveolata

authorship: (Merr. ex Dandy) Figlar

epithet: foveolata

published_in: Proc. Int. Symp. Magnoliac.  1: 22 (2000)

Magnolia aenea

authorship: (Dandy) Figlar

Magnolia xinningia

authorship: (Y.W.Law & R.Z.Zhou) C.B.Callaghan & Png

Michelia aenea

authorship: Dandy

Michelia foveolata

authorship: Merr. ex Dandy

Michelia foveolata var. cinerascens

authorship: Y.W.Law & Y.F.Wu

Michelia foveolata var. xiangnanensis

authorship: C.L.Peng & L.H.Yan

Michelia oblongifolia

authorship: Hung T.Chang & B.L.Chen

Michelia xinningia

authorship: Y.W.Law & R.Z.Zhou

codes: CHC CHS CHH VIE

Hainan

code: CHH

Vietnam

code: VIE

authors: (Merr. ex Dandy) Figlar

published_in: Proc. Internat. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998 22

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

field: phenology

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: magnolia-fraseri

scientific: Magnolia fraseri

authorship: Walter

epithet: fraseri

preferred: Ear-Leaf Umbrella Tree

english:
Ear-Leaf Umbrella Tree
Fraser's Magnolia
mountain magnolia

Magnolia auricularis

authorship: Salisb.

Magnolia auriculata

authorship: Desr.

Magnolia auriculata var. pyramidata

authorship: (W.Bartram) Nutt.

Magnolia fraseri subsp. pyramidata

authorship: (W.Bartram) A.E.Murray

Magnolia fraseri var. pyramidata

authorship: (W.Bartram) Torr. & A.Gray

Magnolia umbrella var. pyramidata

authorship: (W.Bartram) P.Parm.

Paramagnolia fraseri

authorship: (Walter) Sima & S.G.Lu

Paramagnolia fraseri var. pyramidata

authorship: (W.Bartram) Sima & S.G.Lu

codes: ALA FLA GEO KTY LOU MSI NCA SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1995 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

label: Growth rate

value: rapid


slug: magnolia-gilbertoi

scientific: Magnolia gilbertoi

authorship: (Lozano) Govaerts

epithet: gilbertoi

published_in: World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Magnoliaceae : 30 (1996)

Talauma gilbertoi

authorship: Lozano

Colombia

code: CLM

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

climate: wet tropical

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
Cana bravo
Hojarasco de Gilberto

authors: (Lozano) Govaerts

published_in: World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Magnoliaceae [D.G. Frodin & R. Govaerts] 70

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: magnolia-globosa

scientific: Magnolia globosa

authorship: Hook.f. & Thomson

epithet: globosa

Magnolia tsarongensis

authorship: W.W.Sm. & Forrest

Oyama globosa

authorship: (Hook.f. & Thomson) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu

Yulania japonica var. globosa

authorship: (Hook.f. & Thomson) P.Parm.

codes: CHC CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

lifeform: shrub or tree

label: Least Concern

names: 毛叶玉兰 毛葉玉蘭

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Hook.f. & Thomson

published_in: Fl. Ind. Syst. Account 1: 77

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: magnolia-grandiflora

scientific: Magnolia grandiflora

authorship: L.

epithet: grandiflora

preferred: southern magnolia

english:
southern magnolia
Big-laurel
Bull-bay
Evergreen Magnolia
Southern Magnolia

source: inat

Magnolia angustifolia

authorship: Millais

Magnolia elliptica

authorship: (W.T.Aiton) Link

Magnolia ferruginea

authorship: hort. ex W.Watson

Magnolia foetida

authorship: (L.) Sarg.

Magnolia foetida f. margarettae

authorship: Ashe

Magnolia grandiflora f. lanceolata

authorship: (Aiton) Rehder

Magnolia grandiflora var. angustifolia

authorship: Loudon

Magnolia grandiflora var. elliptica

authorship: Aiton

Magnolia grandiflora var. ferruginea

authorship: Sims

Magnolia grandiflora var. rotundifolia

authorship: Sweet ex Loudon

Magnolia lacunosa

authorship: Raf.

Magnolia lanceolata

authorship: (Aiton) Link

Magnolia longifolia

authorship: Sweet

Magnolia maxima

authorship: Lodd. ex G.Don

Magnolia microphylla

authorship: Ser.

Magnolia umbrella var. maxima

authorship: (Lodd. ex G.Don) P.Parm.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern magnolia
Big-laurel

names: 广玉兰 荷花木兰

names: Magnólia-branca magnolia

names: Магнолия крупноцветковая

names:
Laurier-tulipier
Magnolia à grandes feuilles

names: Магнолія великоцвіта

names: מגנוליה גדולת-פרחים

names: Μανόλια η μεγανθής

names:
šácholan
šácholan velkokvětý

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Apoidea
Coleoptera
Conotelus
Diptera
Trichiotinus piger

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Gametis forticula
Melanostoma scalare
Mordella marginata
Popillia japonica
Stomorhina lunata
Xylocopa virginica

partners:
Acanthocephala terminalis
Aphaenogaster lamellidens
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Cyrtoxipha columbiana
Eumeninae
Eupoecila australasiae
Idioporus affinis

partners:
Vireo olivaceus
Graphium doson
Homalodisca vitripennis
Apis mellifera
Aratinga mitrata
Automeris
Bombus impatiens
Bombycilla cedrorum

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: magnolia-hernandezii

scientific: Magnolia hernandezii

authorship: (Lozano) Govaerts

epithet: hernandezii

published_in: World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Magnoliaceae : 32 (1996)

Talauma hernandezii

authorship: Lozano

names:
Copachi
Guanabano de monte

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness

published_in: World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Magnoliaceae [D.G. Frodin & R. Govaerts] 71

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: magnolia-iltisiana

scientific: Magnolia iltisiana

epithet: iltisiana

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

climate: desert or dry shrubland

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names: Ahuatoso Yoloxochitl

label: Life form

label: Life cycle

published_in: Brittonia 46(1): 7


slug: magnolia-jaenensis

scientific: Magnolia jaenensis

authorship: Marcelo-Peña

epithet: jaenensis

Peru

code: PER

authors: Marcelo-Peña

published_in: Brittonia 65(1): 107

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: magnolia-jardinensis

scientific: Magnolia jardinensis

authorship: M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo

epithet: jardinensis

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

names: Copachi Centello

authors: M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo


slug: magnolia-kachirachirai

scientific: Magnolia kachirachirai

authorship: (Kaneh. & Yamam.) Dandy

epithet: kachirachirai

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew  1927: 264 (1927)

Michelia kachirachirai

authorship: Kaneh. & Yamam.

Micheliopsis kachirachirai

authorship: (Kaneh. & Yamam.) H.Keng

Pachylarnax kachirachirai

authorship: (Kaneh. & Yamam.) Sima & S.G.Lu

Parakmeria kachirachirai

authorship: (Kaneh. & Yamam.) Y.W.Law

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

names: 烏心石舅 恆春擬單性木蘭

authors: Dandy

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927(7): 264


slug: magnolia-kobus

scientific: Magnolia kobus

authorship: DC.

epithet: kobus

preferred: Kobus magnolia

english:
Kobus magnolia
Kobushi Magnolia
Northern Japanese Magnolia

source: wikidata

Buergeria obovata

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Magnolia borealis

authorship: (Sarg.) Kudô

Magnolia kobus f. horisontalidivaricata

authorship: V.V.Byalt & Firsov

Magnolia kobus var. borealis

authorship: Sarg.

Magnolia kobushi

authorship: Mayr

Magnolia praecocissima

authorship: Koidz.

Magnolia pseudokobus

authorship: S.Abe & Akasawa

Michelia gracilis

authorship: Kostel.

Talauma obovata

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hance

Yulania kobus

authorship: (DC.) Spach

codes: JAP KOR

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Anethole

activities: Allergenic AntiNF-kB AntiTNF Antibacterial Antigenotoxic Antihepatotic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant

Citral

activities: Allergenic Antiallergenic Antiallergic Antianaphylactic Antibacterial Anticancer Antihelicobacter Antiherpetic

Eugenol

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiTNF Antiaggregant Antiarachidonate Antibacterial

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Camphor

activities: Allelopathic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiacne Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antiemetic Antifeedant

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Syringin

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Adaptogenic Anticomplementary Antipyretic Antistress Immunomodulator Immunostimulant Neurotropic

label: Data Deficient

names:
Kobus magnolia
Kobushi Magnolia

names: 日本辛夷 白花辛夷

names: Магнолия кобус

names: コブシ コブシモドキ

names:
Magnolia de Kobé
magnolia de Kobus

names: Mong-nyeon 목련

names: Магнолія японська

label: Eaten by

partners:
Periaman nitobei
Caloptilia magnoliae
Gibbovalva kobusi
Graphium doson

label: Fruit type

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: DC.

published_in: Syst. Nat. 1: 456

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: magnolia-lopezobradorii

scientific: Magnolia lopezobradorii

epithet: lopezobradorii

published_in: Recursos Forest. Occid. México  1: 110 (2012)

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

published_in: Recursos Forest. Occid. México 110, fig. 1.5.11


slug: magnolia-macrophylla

scientific: Magnolia macrophylla

authorship: Michx.

epithet: macrophylla

preferred: Big-Leaf Magnolia

english:
Big-Leaf Magnolia
Bigleaf Magnolia
bigleaf magnolia

Metamagnolia macrophylla

authorship: (Michx.) Sima & S.G.Lu

codes: ALA ARK GEO KTY LOU MSI NCA OHI SCA TEN VRG

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2046 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Big-Leaf Magnolia
bigleaf magnolia

names: 大叶木兰 北美大葉木蘭

names: Магнолия крупнолистная

names: Πλατύφυλλη μανόλια

label: Visited by

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

label: Leaf retention


slug: magnolia-maudiae

scientific: Magnolia maudiae

authorship: (Dunn) Figlar

epithet: maudiae

published_in: Proc. Int. Symp. Magnoliac.  1: 23 (2000)

Magnolia gelida

authorship: (T.B.Zhao, Z.X.Chen & D.L.Fu) C.B.Callaghan & Png

Magnolia platypetala

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) C.B.Callaghan & Png

Michelia cavaleriei var. platypetala

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) N.H.Xia

Michelia gelida

authorship: T.B.Zhao, Z.X.Chen & D.L.Fu

Michelia maudiae

authorship: Dunn

codes: CHC CHS CHH

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
shen shan han xiao
深山含笑

authors: (Dunn) Figlar

published_in: Proc. Internat. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998 23


slug: magnolia-nilagirica

scientific: Magnolia nilagirica

authorship: (Zenker) Figlar

epithet: nilagirica

Michelia glauca

authorship: Wight

Michelia kisopa var. walkeri

authorship: (Wight) P.Parm.

Michelia nilagirica

authorship: Zenker

Michelia nilagirica var. walkeri

authorship: (Wight) Hook.f. & Thomson

Michelia nilagirica var. wightii

authorship: Hook.f. & Thomson

Sampacca nilagirica

authorship: (Zenker) Kuntze

codes: IND SRL

India

code: IND

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: مغنولية نيلغيرية

names: കാട്ടുചെമ്പകം

authors: (Zenker) Figlar


slug: magnolia-nuevoleonensis

scientific: Magnolia nuevoleonensis

authorship: A.Vázquez & Domínguez-Yescas

epithet: nuevoleonensis

label: Endangered

authors: A.Vázquez & Domínguez-Yescas

published_in: Nordic J. Bot. 34(1): 49

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: magnolia-obovata

scientific: Magnolia obovata

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: obovata

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London  2: 336 (1794)

preferred: Japanese Big Leaf Magnolia

english:
Japanese Big Leaf Magnolia
Japanese Whitebark Magnolia
Whiteleaf Japanese Magnolia

Houpoea obovata

authorship: (Thunb.) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu

Liriodendron liliiflorum

authorship: Steud.

Magnolia hoonoki

authorship: Siebold

Magnolia hypoleuca

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Yulania japonica var. obovata

authorship: (Thunb.) P.Parm.

codes: JAP KUR

Japan

code: JAP

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

region: Russian Far East

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 370 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Magnolol

activities: Antibacterial Anticariogenic Anticonvulsant Antioxidant Antitumor-Promoter Artemicide CNS-Depressant Calcium-Antagonist

Honokiol

activities: Antiacetyltransferase Antiaggregant Antibacterial Anticariogenic Anticonvulsant Antiemetic Antileukemic Antioxidant

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

label: Least Concern

names: hō-no-ki ホオノキ

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners: Apoidea Cetoniinae Coleoptera

partners: Apoidea Coleoptera

label: Height

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 336

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: magnolia-ovata

scientific: Magnolia ovata

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng.

epithet: ovata

Talauma dubia

authorship: Eichler

codes: BZE BZS BZL BZC

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: baguaçu bicuibaçu

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Dacnis cayana
Elaenia flavogaster
Manacus manacus
Pitangus sulphuratus
Ramphocelus carbo
Turdus amaurochalinus
Tyrannus melancholicus

partners:
Turdus rufiventris
Tyrannus melancholicus
Vireo olivaceus
Cyanocorax cristatellus
Dacnis cayana
Elaenia flavogaster
Leptotila
Manacus manacus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2, Cur. Post.): 217

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: magnolia-perezfarrerae

scientific: Magnolia perezfarrerae

authorship: A.Vázquez & Gómez-Domínguez

epithet: perezfarrerae

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

authors: A.Vázquez & Gómez-Domínguez

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: magnolia-pugana

scientific: Magnolia pugana

authorship: (Iltis & A.Vázquez) A.Vázquez & Carvajal

epithet: pugana

Magnolia pacifica subsp. pugana

authorship: Iltis & A.Vázquez

codes: MXE MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

names: Almacasusco Manolia

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: magnolia-sharpii

scientific: Magnolia sharpii

authorship: Miranda

epithet: sharpii

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México  26: 79 (1955)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Магнолія Шарпа

authors: Miranda

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 26: 79, fig. 1-3

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: magnolia-tripetala

scientific: Magnolia tripetala

epithet: tripetala

preferred: Umbrella Magnolia

english:
Umbrella Magnolia
umbrella-tree

Houpoea tripetala

authorship: (L.) Sima, S.G.Lu, N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu

Kobus tripetala

authorship: (L.) P.Parm.

Magnolia frondosa

authorship: Salisb.

Magnolia michauxii

authorship: Frazer ex Thouin

Magnolia umbrella

authorship: Desr.

Magnolia virginiana var. tripetala

authorship: L.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO INI KTY MRY MSI NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2044 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
umbrella-tree
Umbrella Magnolia

names: 三瓣木兰 三瓣木蘭

names:
Магнолия трехлепестная
Магнолия трёхлепестная

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Aleochara
Anthrenus verbasci
Byturus unicolor
Carpophilus
Carpophilus lugubris
Coleomegilla maculata
Coleoptera
Diptera

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Chloropidae
Sciaridae
Aleochara
Anthrenus verbasci
Byturus unicolor
Carpophilus
Carpophilus lugubris

partners:
Odocoileus virginianus
Sphyrapicus varius

source: USDA PLANTS

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: magnolia-virginiana

scientific: Magnolia virginiana

epithet: virginiana

preferred: Swamp Bay

english:
Swamp Bay
Swamp Laurel
Sweet Bay
Sweet Magnolia
White Bay
sweetbay

Magnolia australis

authorship: (Sarg.) Ashe

Magnolia australis var. parva

authorship: (Ashe) Ashe

Magnolia fragrans

authorship: Raf.

Magnolia glauca var. argentea

authorship: DC.

Magnolia glauca var. latifolia

authorship: Aiton

Magnolia glauca var. longifolia

authorship: Pursh

Magnolia glauca var. pumila

authorship: Nutt.

Magnolia virginiana subsp. australis

authorship: (Sarg.) A.E.Murray

Magnolia virginiana var. parva

authorship: Ashe

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO LOU MRY MAS MSI NWJ NWY NCA PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG CUB

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Louisiana

code: LOU

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Jersey

code: NWJ

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2074 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sweet Magnolia
sweetbay

names: 北美木兰 白背玉兰

names: Магнолия виргинская

names:
Magnolia de Virginie
laurier doux

names: Γλυκιά μανόλια

partners:
Apis
Apoidea
Arthromacra aenea
Coleoptera
Oxycopis thoracica
Papilio glaucus
Papilio troilus
Staphylinidae

partners:
Apis
Apoidea
Arthromacra aenea
Bombus
Bombus impatiens
Coleoptera
Oxycopis thoracica
Papilio glaucus

partners:
Acanthocephala femorata
Leptoglossus fulvicornis
Phobetron pithecium
Tipula oleracea

partners:
Homalodisca vitripennis
Papilio glaucus
Attacus lorquinii
Automeris io
Bombus
Bombus impatiens
Callosamia angulifera
Epimecis hortaria


slug: magnolia-vovidesii

scientific: Magnolia vovidesii

authorship: A.Vázquez, Domínguez-Yescas & L.Carvajal

epithet: vovidesii

published_in: Recursos Forest. Occid. México  4: 478 (2013)

published_in: Recursos Forest. Occid. México 4(2): 478


slug: magonia-pubescens

scientific: Magonia pubescens

genus: Magonia

epithet: pubescens

family: Sapindaceae

published_in: Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil : 239 (1826)

Phaeocarpus agrestis

authorship: Mart.

Phaeocarpus glabratus

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng.

codes: AGE BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Barbasco Tarípónsh

names: Cuitê Tangui

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness

published_in: Hist. Pl. Remarq. Bresil i. 239


slug: magydaris-panacifolia

scientific: Magydaris panacifolia

authorship: (Vahl) Lange

genus: Magydaris

epithet: panacifolia

family: Apiaceae

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 62 (1874)

Athamanta panacifolia

authorship: Spreng.

Cachrys ambigua

authorship: Salzm. ex DC.

Cachrys hungarica

authorship: Mill.

Cachrys lanata

authorship: hort. ex Steud.

Cachrys panacifolia

authorship: Vahl

Cachrys panax-siculum

authorship: Bernardino

Magydaris hungarica

authorship: (Mill.) M.Hiroe

Magydaris pastinacea subsp. panacifolia

authorship: (Vahl) O.Bolòs & Vigo

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL POR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (Vahl) Lange

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3(1): 62


slug: magydaris-pastinacea

scientific: Magydaris pastinacea

authorship: (Lam.) Paol.

epithet: pastinacea

Cachrys hirta

authorship: Bertol.

Cachrys panax-siculum

authorship: Ucria

Cachrys pastinacea

authorship: Lam.

Cachrys tomentosa

authorship: Desf.

Magydaris hirta

authorship: Grande

Magydaris tomentosa

authorship: (Desf.) W.D.J.Koch ex DC.

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL ITA SAR SIC

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Athamante panais
Magydaride panais

label: Life cycle

authors: (Lam.) Paol.

published_in: Fl. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 2: 205

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maianthemum-bifolium

scientific: Maianthemum bifolium

authorship: (L.) F.W.Schmidt

genus: Maianthemum

epithet: bifolium

family: Asparagaceae

preferred: may lily

Bifolium cordatum

authorship: G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.

Convallaria bifolia

authorship: L.

Convallaria cordifolia

authorship: (Moench) Stokes

Convallaria monophylla

authorship: Oeder

Convallaria pulchella

authorship: Salisb.

Convallaria tetrapetala

authorship: Gilib.

Maia bifolia

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Maianthemum cordifolium

authorship: Moench

Maianthemum nipponicum

authorship: Nakai

Maianthemum smilacinum

authorship: Friche-Joset & Montandon

Monophyllon lobelii

authorship: Delarbre

Sciophila convallarioides

authorship: Wibel

Smilacina bifolia

authorship: (L.) Ker Gawl.

authorship: (L.) Desf.

Smilacina cordifolia

authorship: (Moench) Becker

Styrandra bifolia

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Styrandra petiolaris

authorship: Raf.

Unifolium bifolium

authorship: (L.) Greene

Unifolium bifolium f. monophyllum

authorship: Farw.

Unifolium quadrifidum

authorship: (Lam.) All.

Valentinia bifolia

authorship: (L.) Baill.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ SAK TCS TVA WSB CHX YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Майник двулистный

names: ヒメマイヅルソウ 姫舞鶴草

names:
maianthème à deux feuilles
Maiantheme a deux feuilles

names:
Веснівка дволиста
Веснівна дволиста

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aulacorthum majanthemi
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus


slug: maianthemum-canadense

scientific: Maianthemum canadense

authorship: Desf.

epithet: canadense

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 54 (1807)

preferred: Canada mayflower

Convallaria canadensis

authorship: (Desf.) Poir.

Maianthemum bifolium f. canadense

authorship: (Desf.) Farw.

Maianthemum canadense f. oswaldii

authorship: Moldenke

Maianthemum canadense f. trifolium

authorship: (Pursh) Vict.

Maianthemum canadense subsp. interius

authorship: (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Maianthemum canadense var. carolinianum

authorship: Butters

Maianthemum canadense var. interius

authorship: Fernald

Maianthemum canadense var. ovale

authorship: (Pursh) Butters

Smilacina bifolia var. canadensis

authorship: (Desf.) A.Gray

Smilacina canadensis

authorship: (Desf.) Pursh

Smilacina canadensis var. ovalis

authorship: Pursh

Styrandra canadensis

authorship: (Desf.) Raf.

Unifolium bifolium var. ovale

authorship: (Pursh) Farw.

Unifolium canadense

authorship: (Desf.) Greene

Unifolium canadense var. interius

authorship: House

Unifolium eschscholtzianum

authorship: W.Wight ex J.P.Anderson

codes: ABT BRC CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 北美舞鹤草 加拿大舞鶴草

names: Майник канадский

partners:
Agiotes stabilis
Andrena miranda
Andrena nivalis
Bombus
Bombus vagans
Bombylius major
Bombylius pygmaeus
Botanophila fugax

partners:
Andrena milwaukeensis
Andrena miranda
Andrena nivalis
Bombylius major
Eusphalerum
Eutrichota setosa
Halictus rubicundus
Incisalia niphon

partners:
Bonasa umbellus
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Agriotes stabilis
Andrena miranda
Bombus vagans
Cheilosia
Clepsis persicana
Dikraneura hungerfordi

published_in: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. ix. (1807) 54


slug: maianthemum-dilatatum

scientific: Maianthemum dilatatum

authorship: (Alph.Wood) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.

epithet: dilatatum

preferred: Western Lily of the Valley

english:
Western Lily of the Valley
false lily of the valley

name: Maianthemum bifolium subsp. kamtschaticum

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) A.E.Murray

Maianthemum bifolium var. kamtschaticum

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Trautv. & C.A.Mey.

authorship: (S.G.Gmel. ex Cham.) Jeps.

Maianthemum kamtschaticum

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Nakai

Smilacina dilatata

authorship: (Alph.Wood) Nutt. ex Baker

Unifolium bifolium subsp. kamtschaticum

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Piper

Unifolium dilatatum

authorship: (Alph.Wood) Greene

Unifolium kamtschaticum

authorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Gorman

codes: AMU CTA JAP KAM KHA KOR KUR MON PRM SAK ASK ALU BRC CAL IDA ORE WAS YUK

Amur

code: AMU

Chita

code: CTA

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Yukon

code: YUK

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2030 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Maianthemum canadense

names:
false lily of the valley
May-lily

names: 北方舞鹤草 廣葉舞鶴草

names: Майник широколистный

names: マイヅルソウ 舞鶴草

names:
maïanthème de l'Ouest
maïanthème dilaté

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS


slug: maianthemum-flexuosum

scientific: Maianthemum flexuosum

authorship: (Bertol.) LaFrankie

epithet: flexuosum

Convallaria flexuosa

authorship: Druce

Smilacina bertolonii

authorship: Kunth

Smilacina flexuosa

authorship: Bertol.

authorship: Hook.

Smilacina flexuosa var. erubescens

authorship: Emons

Tovaria flexuosa

authorship: (Bertol.) Baker

Vagnera flexuosa

authorship: (Bertol.) Standl.

codes: MXT ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

region: Mexico

El Salvador

code: ELS

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: geophyte

authors: (Bertol.) LaFrankie


slug: maianthemum-formosanum

scientific: Maianthemum formosanum

authorship: (Hayata) LaFrankie

epithet: formosanum

Smilacina formosana

authorship: Hayata

Smilacina nokomonticola

authorship: Yamam.

Tovaria formosana

authorship: (Hayata) Masam.

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 臺灣鹿藥 台湾鹿药

authors: (Hayata) LaFrankie

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maianthemum-gigas

scientific: Maianthemum gigas

authorship: (Woodson) LaFrankie

epithet: gigas

Smilacina crassipes

authorship: Standl. & Steyerm.

Smilacina gigas

authorship: Woodson

codes: MXT COS GUA NIC PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 149 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Woodson) LaFrankie

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 67: 402


slug: maianthemum-japonicum

scientific: Maianthemum japonicum

authorship: (A.Gray) LaFrankie

epithet: japonicum

Smilacina hirta

authorship: Maxim.

Smilacina japonica f. trinervis

authorship: (Miyabe & Kudô) Koji Ito

Smilacina japonica subsp. hirta

authorship: (Maxim.) Vorosch.

Smilacina rossii

authorship: (Baker) Maxim.

Smilacina trinervis

authorship: Miyabe & Kudô

Tovaria japonica

authorship: (A.Gray) Baker

Tovaria rossii

authorship: Baker

Vagnera japonica

authorship: (A.Gray) Makino

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 340 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Japanese Mayflower
Snowy false lily of the valley

names: 鹿药 鹿藥

names:
Майник японский
Смилацина волосистая

names: ユキザサ 雪笹

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun

authors: (A.Gray) LaFrankie

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maianthemum-oleraceum

scientific: Maianthemum oleraceum

authorship: (Baker) LaFrankie

epithet: oleraceum

Maianthemum oleraceum var. acuminatum

authorship: (F.T.Wang & Tang) Karthik.

Smilacina crassifolia

authorship: Kawano

Smilacina mientienensis

authorship: F.T.Wang & Tang

Smilacina oleracea

authorship: Hook.f. & Thomson ex Baker

Smilacina oleracea f. acuminata

authorship: (F.T.Wang & Tang) H.Hara

codes: CHC CHT EHM MYA NEP

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

names: 长柱鹿药 長柱鹿藥

authors: (Baker) LaFrankie

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: maianthemum-paniculatum

scientific: Maianthemum paniculatum

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) LaFrankie

epithet: paniculatum

Maianthemum septifolium

authorship: LaFrankie

Smilacina laxiflora

authorship: (Baker) Hemsl.

Smilacina paniculata

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Tovaria paniculata

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Baker

Vagnera paniculata

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Standl.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (M.Martens & Galeotti) LaFrankie


slug: maianthemum-purpureum

scientific: Maianthemum purpureum

authorship: (Wall.) LaFrankie

epithet: purpureum

Jocaste purpurea

authorship: (Wall.) Kunth

Maianthemum oligophyllum

authorship: (Baker) Karthik.

Maianthemum pallidum

authorship: (Royle) Karthik.

Smilacina oligophylla

authorship: (Baker) Hook.f.

Smilacina pallida

authorship: Royle

Smilacina purpurea

authorship: Wall.

Smilacina purpurea f. albiflora

authorship: (Wall.) H.Hara

Smilacina purpurea f. oligophylla

authorship: (Baker) H.Hara

Smilacina zhongdianensis

authorship: H.Li & Y.Chen

Tovaria oligophylla

authorship: (Elwes) Baker

Tovaria pallida

authorship: (Royle) Baker

Tovaria purpurea

authorship: (Wall.) Baker

Veratrum hoffmeisteri

authorship: Klotzsch

codes: CHC CHT EHM MYA NEP WHM

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names: 紫花鹿药 紫花鹿藥

value: May-Aug

authors: (Wall.) LaFrankie

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maianthemum-racemosum

scientific: Maianthemum racemosum

authorship: (L.) Link

epithet: racemosum

published_in: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 343 (1821)

preferred: Solomon's plume

english:
Solomon's plume
false Solomon's seal
false spikenard
feathery false lily of the valley
treacle-berry

source: inat

Convallaria ciliata

authorship: (Desf.) Poir.

Convallaria racemosa

authorship: L.

Maianthemum amplexicaule

authorship: (Nutt.) W.A.Weber

Maianthemum racemosum var. amplexicaule

authorship: (Nutt.) Dorn

Polygonastrum racemosum

authorship: (L.) Moench

Sigillaria ciliata

authorship: (Desf.) Raf.

Sigillaria multiflora

authorship: Raf.

Smilacina amplexicaulis

authorship: Nutt.

Smilacina ciliata

authorship: Desf.

Smilacina flexicaulis

authorship: Wender.

Smilacina latifolia

authorship: Nutt. ex Baker

Smilacina racemosa

authorship: (L.) Desf.

Smilacina racemosa f. foliosa

authorship: Vict.

Smilacina racemosa subsp. amplexicaulis

authorship: (Nutt.) McNeill

Smilacina racemosa var. amplexicaulis

authorship: (Nutt.) S.Watson

Smilacina racemosa var. cylindrata

authorship: Fernald

Smilacina racemosa var. glabra

authorship: (J.F.Macbr.) H.St.John

Smilacina racemosa var. jenkinsii

authorship: (B.Boivin) B.Boivin

Tovaria racemosa

authorship: (L.) Baker

Unifolium amplexicaule

authorship: (Nutt.) Greene

Unifolium racemosum

authorship: (L.) Britton

Vagnera amplexicaulis var. glabra

authorship: (J.F.Macbr.) Abrams

Vagnera australis

authorship: Small

Vagnera brachypetala

authorship: Rydb.

Vagnera pallescens

authorship: Greene

Vagnera racemosa

authorship: (L.) Morong

codes: ALA ASK ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXE MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NWT NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2023 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
feathery false lily of the valley
false Solomon's seal

names:
Майник кистевидный
Майник кистистый

names:
maïanthème à grappes
smilacine à grappes

names: Naadą́ą́ʼ yiltʼąąʼí

names: Naadą́ą́ʼ yiltʼąąʼí

partners:
Aedes impiger
Aedes nigripes
Andrena carlini
Andrena nothoscordi
Anoplius illinoensis
Apallates coxendix
Apoidea
Augochlora pura

partners:
Augochlora pura
Lasioglossum obscurum
Lasioglossum pectorale
Aedes impiger
Aedes nigripes
Analeptura lineola
Andrena carlini
Andrena nothoscordi

partners:
Agriotes
Analeptura lineola
Andrena
Armadillidium nasatum
Evodinus monticola
Gibbobruchus mimus
Mordellochroa scapularis
Pelegrina galathea

partners:
Hylocichla mustelina
Sialia sialis
Analeptura lineola
Archips purpurana
Catharus guttatus
Catharus minimus
Culex
Dialictus


slug: maianthemum-scilloideum

scientific: Maianthemum scilloideum

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) LaFrankie

epithet: scilloideum

Smilacina scilloidea

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Smilacina scilloidea var. rosea

authorship: Emons

Tovaria scilloides

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Baker

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maianthemum-stellatum

scientific: Maianthemum stellatum

authorship: (L.) Link

epithet: stellatum

preferred: star-flowered lily-of-the-valley

english:
star-flowered lily-of-the-valley
Starry false lily of the valley
wild lily-of-the-valley
starry false lily of the valley

Asteranthemum stellatum

authorship: (L.) Nieuwl.

Asteranthemum vulgare

authorship: Kunth

Asteranthemum vulgare var. uniflorum

authorship: (Pursh) Kunth

Convallaria hybrida

authorship: Marchal

Convallaria stellata

authorship: L.

Smilacina liliacea

authorship: (Greene) Wynd

Smilacina sessilifolia

authorship: Nutt. ex Baker

Smilacina stellata

authorship: (L.) Desf.

Smilacina stellata var. crassa

authorship: Vict.

Smilacina stellata var. sessilifolia

authorship: (Nutt. ex Baker) L.F.Hend.

Smilacina stellata var. sylvatica

authorship: Vict. & J.Rousseau

Smilacina stellata var. uniflora

authorship: Pursh

Tovaria sessilifolia

authorship: Baker

Unifolium sessilifolium

authorship: (Nutt. ex Baker) Greene

Unifolium stellatum

authorship: (L.) Greene

Vagnera angustifolia

authorship: Raf.

Vagnera liliacea

authorship: (Greene) Rydb.

Vagnera stellata var. mollis

authorship: Farw.

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MXE MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SDA TEN UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2025 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Майник звёздчатый

names: Yéʼii bidą́ą́ʼ yiltʼąąʼí

names: Yéʼii bidą́ą́ʼ yiltʼąąʼí

partners:
Andrena krigiana
Andrena salicifloris
Apallates coxendix
Apoidea
Blepharipeza leucophrys
Bracon simplex
Calliopsis andreniformis
Ceropales fulvipes

partners:
Augochlora pura
Augochlorella aurata
Augochlorella persimilis
Brachypalpus oarus
Celastrina lucia
Eumenes fraternus
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
Halictus rubicundus

partners:
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Catharus ustulatus
Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus
Parancistrocerus pensylvanicus
Patagioenas fasciata
Phormia regina
Platycheirus rosarum
Syritta pipiens

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: maianthemum-trifolium

scientific: Maianthemum trifolium

authorship: (L.) Sloboda

epithet: trifolium

published_in: Rostlinnictví : 192 (1852)

preferred: threeleaf false lily of the valley

source: wikidata

Asteranthemum trifoliatum

authorship: Kunth

Asteranthemum trifolium

authorship: (L.) Kunth

authorship: (L.) Nieuwl.

Tovaria trifolia

authorship: (L.) Baker

Vagnera pumila

authorship: Standl.

Vagnera trifolia

authorship: (L.) Morong

codes: AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAM KHA KOR KRA MAG CHM MON PRM SAK YAK ABT BRC CNT LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS VER WIS YUK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Connecticut

code: CNT

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2004 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
threeleaf false lily of the valley
Three-leaf False Lily Of The Valley

names:
smilacine trifoliée
smilacine à trois feuilles

partners:
Melanostoma
Platycheirus rosarum
Shaerophoria sp1 M_PL_033
Spilogona fatima
Syritta pipiens

partners:
Melanostoma
Platycheirus rosarum
Sphaerophoria
Spilogona fatima
Syritta pipiens

partners:
Catharus ustulatus
Anthophora terminalis
Apis mellifera
Didelphis virginiana
Mephitis mephitis
Passer domesticus
Platycheirus rosarum
Procyon lotor


slug: maihuenia-patagonica

scientific: Maihuenia patagonica

authorship: (Phil.) Britton & Rose

genus: Maihuenia

epithet: patagonica

family: Cactaceae

Maihuenia andicola

authorship: Comber

Maihuenia patagonica

authorship: (Phil.) Speg.

Maihuenia tehuelches

authorship: Speg.

Opuntia brachydelphys

authorship: (K.Schum.) K.Schum.

Opuntia patagonica

authorship: Phil.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: AGW AGS CLS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile South

code: CLS

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 203 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
chupa sangre
siempre verde

value: subshrub

value: woody


slug: maihuenia-poeppigii

scientific: Maihuenia poeppigii

authorship: (Otto ex Pfeiff.) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.

epithet: poeppigii

published_in: Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 754. 1897–1899.

Maihuenia philippii

authorship: (F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum.

Opuntia caespitosa

authorship: Poepp.

Opuntia maihuen

authorship: Gay

Opuntia philippii

authorship: F.Haage & M.Schmidt ex Bois

Opuntia poeppigii

authorship: Otto ex Pfeiff.

Pereskia poeppigii

authorship: (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Luanmamell Maihuen

names: Майэния Пёппига

partners:
Spinoliella rufiventris
Trichothurgus herbsti

value: perennial


slug: maihueniopsis-archiconoidea

scientific: Maihueniopsis archiconoidea

genus: Maihueniopsis

epithet: archiconoidea

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 877. 1980.

Opuntia archiconoidea

authorship: (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt

Tephrocactus archiconoideus

authorship: (F.Ritter) G.D.Rowley

Chile North

code: CLN

label: Data Deficient

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 877


slug: maihueniopsis-camachoi

scientific: Maihueniopsis camachoi

authorship: (Espinosa) F.Ritter

epithet: camachoi

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 873. 1980.

Opuntia camachoi

authorship: Espinosa

Tephrocactus camachoi

authorship: (Espinosa) Backeb.

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 177 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Eaten by

authors: (Espinosa) F.Ritter

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 873

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maihueniopsis-clavarioides

scientific: Maihueniopsis clavarioides

authorship: (Otto ex Pfeiff.) E.F.Anderson

epithet: clavarioides

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325. 1999.

Austrocylindropuntia clavarioides

authorship: (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Backeb.

name: Austrocylindropuntia clavarioides var. ruiz-lealii

authorship: (A.Cast.) Backeb.

Cereus clavarioides

authorship: Pfeiff.

Clavarioidia clavarioides

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Kreuz.

Clavarioidia clavarioides f. cristata

authorship: Kreuz.

Cylindropuntia clavarioides

authorship: (Pfeiff.) F.M.Knuth

Opuntia clavarioides

authorship: Hort.Berol. ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia clavarioides f. cristata

authorship: Schelle

Opuntia clavarioides var. ruiz-lealii

authorship: (A.Cast.) G.D.Rowley

Puna clavarioides

authorship: (Otto ex Pfeiff.) R.Kiesling

Puna clavarioides f. cristata

authorship: (Schelle) P.V.Heath

Tephrocactus clavarioides

authorship: (Pfeiff.) G.D.Rowley

lifeform: succulent tuberous subshrub

climate: subalpine or subarctic

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

authors: (Otto ex Pfeiff.) E.F.Anderson

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maihueniopsis-crassispina

scientific: Maihueniopsis crassispina

epithet: crassispina

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 879. 1980.

Opuntia crassispina

authorship: (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 879

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: maihueniopsis-darwinii

scientific: Maihueniopsis darwinii

authorship: (Hensl.) F.Ritter

epithet: darwinii

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 2: 389. 1980.

Maihueniopsis neuquensis

authorship: (Borg) F.Ritter

Opuntia darwinii

authorship: Hensl.

Opuntia neuquensis

authorship: Borg

Opuntia platyacantha f. deflexispina

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Schelle

Opuntia platyacantha var. angustispina

authorship: (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley

Opuntia platyacantha var. deflexispina

authorship: Salm-Dyck

name: Opuntia platyacantha var. neoplatyacantha

Tephrocactus darwinii

authorship: (Hensl.) Backeb.

Tephrocactus neuquensis

authorship: (Borg) Backeb.

name: Tephrocactus platyacanthus var. angustispinus

authorship: Backeb.

name: Tephrocactus platyacanthus var. deflexispinus

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.

name: Tephrocactus platyacanthus var. monvillei

name: Tephrocactus platyacanthus var. neoplatyacanthus

Tephrocactus polyacanthus

authorship: Lem. ex C.F.Först.

codes: AGS CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 136 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hensl.) F.Ritter

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 2: 389


slug: maihueniopsis-glomerata

scientific: Maihueniopsis glomerata

authorship: (Haw.) R.Kiesling

epithet: glomerata

published_in: in Darwiniana 25: 202. 1984.

Maihueniopsis ovallei

authorship: (Gay) F.Ritter

Opuntia andicola

authorship: Pfeiff.

Opuntia andicola var. elongata

authorship: Lem.

Opuntia diademata var. oligacantha

authorship: Speg.

Opuntia glomerata

authorship: Haw.

Opuntia glomerata f. oligacantha

authorship: (Speg.) Castell.

Opuntia glomerata var. gracilior

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) G.D.Rowley

Opuntia glomerata var. oligacantha

authorship: (Speg.) G.D.Rowley

Opuntia ovallei

authorship: Gay

Opuntia russellii

authorship: Britton & Rose

Tephrocactus andicola

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Lem.

name: Tephrocactus articulatus var. oligacanthus

authorship: (Speg.) Backeb.

Tephrocactus atacamensis var. chilensis

authorship: (Backeb.) Backeb.

Tephrocactus glomeratus

authorship: (Haw.) Backeb.

Tephrocactus glomeratus var. andicola

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Backeb.

name: Tephrocactus glomeratus var. atratispinus

name: Tephrocactus glomeratus var. longispinus

name: Tephrocactus glomeratus var. oligacanthus

name: Tephrocactus neoglomeratus var. andicola

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Y.Itô

name: Tephrocactus neoglomeratus var. atratospinus

authorship: (Backeb.) Y.Itô

name: Tephrocactus neoglomeratus var. gracilor

authorship: (Salm-Dyck) Y.Itô

name: Tephrocactus neoglomeratus var. longispinus

Tephrocactus russellii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Backeb.

codes: AGW CLC

Chile Central

code: CLC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: conoídeo copana

names: Майуэниопсис скученный

authors: (Haw.) R.Kiesling

published_in: Darwiniana 25: 202


slug: maihueniopsis-grandiflora

scientific: Maihueniopsis grandiflora

epithet: grandiflora

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: maihueniopsis-hickenii

scientific: Maihueniopsis hickenii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt

epithet: hickenii

published_in: in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 21. 2011.

Maihueniopsis darwinii var. hickenii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) R.Kiesling

Opuntia darwinii var. hickenii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Kiessling

Opuntia pelaguensis

authorship: Salm-Dyck

Tephrocactus hickenii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Speg.

codes: AGE AGW AGS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt

published_in: Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 21

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maihueniopsis-molfinoi

scientific: Maihueniopsis molfinoi

authorship: Speg.

epithet: molfinoi

published_in: in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 86. 1925.

Maihueniopsis glomerata subsp. hypogaea

authorship: (Werderm.) G.J.Charles

Maihueniopsis hypogaea

authorship: (Werderm.) F.Ritter

Opuntia hypogaea

authorship: Werderm.

Opuntia molfinoi

authorship: (Speg.) Werderm.

Tephrocactus hypogaeus

authorship: (Werderm.) Backeb.

codes: AGW BOL

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Майуэниопсис скученный

authors: Speg.

published_in: Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 86, fig


slug: maihueniopsis-ovata

scientific: Maihueniopsis ovata

authorship: (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter

epithet: ovata

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 2: 399. 1980.

Opuntia grata

authorship: Phil.

Opuntia grata var. leonina

authorship: Schelle

Opuntia ovata

authorship: Pfeiff.

Opuntia ovoides

authorship: Lem.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 146 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 安乐团扇 鹅鸟和尚

partners:
Bombus opifex
Trichothurgus laticeps

authors: (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 2: 399

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maihueniopsis-platyacantha

scientific: Maihueniopsis platyacantha

authorship: (Pfeiff.) D.R.Hunt

epithet: platyacantha

published_in: in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 24. 2011.

Opuntia alpina

authorship: Gillies ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia platyacantha

authorship: Hort.Dyck. ex Pfeiff.

Tephrocactus platyacanthus

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Lem.

codes: AGW AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Pfeiff.) D.R.Hunt

published_in: Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 24

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maihueniopsis-wagenknechtii

scientific: Maihueniopsis wagenknechtii

epithet: wagenknechtii

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 878. 1980.

Opuntia wagenknechtii

authorship: (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt

published_in: Kakteen Südamerika 3: 878

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-aphylla

scientific: Maireana aphylla

authorship: (R.Br.) Paul G.Wilson

genus: Maireana

epithet: aphylla

family: Chenopodiaceae

preferred: cottonbush

Kochia villosa var. aphylla

authorship: (R.Br.) C.Moore & Betche

Salsola aphylla

authorship: (R.Br.) Spreng.

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cottonbush
Leafless Bluebush

value: 2 m

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: (R.Br.) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 54

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: maireana-appressa

scientific: Maireana appressa

authorship: (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: appressa

Kochia appressa

authorship: Benth.

Kochia tomentosa var. appressa

authorship: (Benth.) J.M.Black

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-astrotricha

scientific: Maireana astrotricha

authorship: (L.A.S.Johnson) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: astrotricha

preferred: Low Bluebush

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (L.A.S.Johnson) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 35

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-brevifolia

scientific: Maireana brevifolia

epithet: brevifolia

Enchylaena tamariscina

authorship: (Lindl.) Druce

Kochia tamariscina

authorship: (Lindl.) J.M.Black

Kochia thymifolia

authorship: Lindl.

Salsola brachyphylla

authorship: Spreng.

Suaeda feliciana

authorship: A.J.Hoffm. & Teillier

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 843 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Eastern Cotton Bush
Short-leaf Bluebush

names: Майреана коротколистная

names:
Me'irit kitzrat-alim
מ

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

value: Nov-Jul

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 22

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: maireana-coronata

scientific: Maireana coronata

authorship: (J.M.Black) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: coronata

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

authors: (J.M.Black) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 28

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: maireana-decalvans

scientific: Maireana decalvans

authorship: (Gand.) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: decalvans

Kochia villosa var. tenuifolia

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

codes: NSW QLD SOA VIC

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

authors: (Gand.) Paul G.Wilson

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-enchylaenoides

scientific: Maireana enchylaenoides

authorship: (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: enchylaenoides

Chenolea villosa

authorship: (F.Muell.) Ewart

Duriala crassiloba

authorship: (R.H.Anderson) Ulbr. ex N.Beadle

Duriala villosa

authorship: (Lindl.) Ulbr.

codes: NSW QLD SOA VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 24

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-erioclada

scientific: Maireana erioclada

epithet: erioclada

preferred: rosy bluebush

Kochia erioclada

authorship: (Benth.) Gauba

codes: NSW SOA VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 230 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 39

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-georgei

scientific: Maireana georgei

authorship: (Diels) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: georgei

Kochia georgei

authorship: Diels

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Diels) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 33


slug: maireana-microphylla

scientific: Maireana microphylla

authorship: (Moq.) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: microphylla

Kochia tomentosa f. tenuis

authorship: Domin

codes: NSW QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Moq.) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 47


slug: maireana-oppositifolia

scientific: Maireana oppositifolia

epithet: oppositifolia

codes: SOA VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 23


slug: maireana-pentatropis

scientific: Maireana pentatropis

authorship: (Tate) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: pentatropis

Kochia decipiens

authorship: Gauba

Kochia ostenfeldii

authorship: Paulsen

Kochia pentatropis

authorship: Tate

codes: NSW NTA SOA VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Tate) Paul G.Wilson


slug: maireana-pyramidata

scientific: Maireana pyramidata

authorship: (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: pyramidata

preferred: Black Bluebush

english:
Black Bluebush
Sago Bush
Shrubby Bluebush

Kochia pyramidata

authorship: Benth.

Kochia pyramidata var. lobostoma

authorship: (Benth.) C.Moore & E.Betche

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Black Bluebush
Sago Bush

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 41


slug: maireana-radiata

scientific: Maireana radiata

authorship: (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: radiata

Kochia radiata

authorship: Paul G.Wilson

codes: NSW VIC WAU

names:
Grey Bluebush
Radiate Bluebush

authors: (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 53


slug: maireana-sedifolia

scientific: Maireana sedifolia

authorship: (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: sedifolia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 377 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pearl bluebush
bluebush

names: Майреана очитколистная

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 36


slug: maireana-spongiocarpa

scientific: Maireana spongiocarpa

epithet: spongiocarpa

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 37

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-trichoptera

scientific: Maireana trichoptera

authorship: (J.M.Black) Paul G.Wilson

epithet: trichoptera

preferred: Hairy-fruit bluebush

Bassia dallachyana

authorship: (Benth.) F.Muell.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 150 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Black) Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 31

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: maireana-triptera

scientific: Maireana triptera

epithet: triptera

preferred: Three-wing Bluebush

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 38


slug: maireana-turbinata

scientific: Maireana turbinata

epithet: turbinata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Paul G.Wilson

published_in: Nuytsia 2(1): 34


slug: mairia-coriacea-bolus

scientific: Mairia coriacea

authorship: Bolus

genus: Mairia

epithet: coriacea

family: Asteraceae

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Paddle Fire-Aster
leather leaves

authors: Bolus

published_in: Hooker's Icon. Pl. 26: t. 2541


slug: mairia-coriacea-h-bol

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: mairia-purpurata

scientific: Mairia purpurata

authorship: (L.) J.C.Manning

epithet: purpurata

Mairia hirsuta

authorship: DC.

Zyrphelis hirsuta

authorship: (DC.) Kuntze

authors: (L.) J.C.Manning


slug: mairia-robusta

scientific: Mairia robusta

authorship: (Zinnecker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

epithet: robusta

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Zinnecker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

published_in: Strelitzia 29: 799


slug: malachra-alceifolia

scientific: Malachra alceifolia

authorship: Jacq.

genus: Malachra

epithet: alceifolia

family: Malvaceae

published_in: Collectanea 2: 350 (1789)

preferred: yellow leafbract

Malachra alceifolia f. glabra

authorship: Gürke

Malachra alceifolia var. conglomerata

authorship: (Turcz.) Hochr.

Malachra alceifolia var. rotundifolia

authorship: (Schrank) Gürke

Malachra capitata var. albiflora

authorship: Griseb.

Malachra conglomerata

authorship: Turcz.

Malachra hispida

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Malachra officinalis

authorship: Klotzsch

Malachra rotundifolia

authorship: Schrank

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ARU BLZ BZN CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PER PUE SWC SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

published_in: Collectanea [Jacquin] 2: 350; Ic. Pl. Rar. iii. t. 549

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: malachra-capitata

scientific: Malachra capitata

epithet: capitata

preferred: malva de caballo

Hibiscus capitatus

authorship: (L.) Mabb.

Malachra capitata var. flavida

authorship: Kuntze

Malachra heptaphylla

authorship: Fisch.

Malachra mexicana

authorship: Schrad.

Malachra palmata

authorship: Moench

Malachra velutina

authorship: Triana & Planch.

Napaea latifolia

authorship: Blanco

Sida capitata

authorship: L.

Urena capitata

authorship: (L.) M.Gómez

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS TEX BAH BLZ BOL BZE BZL CLM COS CUB DOM GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE VEN WIN

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 317 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Acraea terpsicore
Eurema hecabe
Hasora badra
Hypolimnas bolina
Hypolimnas misippus
Junonia atlites

partners:
Acraea terpsicore
Agrilus setipes
Anomis erosa
Apis dorsata
Castalius rosimon
Catopsilia pomona
Catopsilia pyranthe
Danaus chrysippus


slug: malachra-fasciata

scientific: Malachra fasciata

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: fasciata

published_in: Collectanea 2: 352 (1789)

preferred: roadside leafbract

Malachra alceifolia var. fasciata

authorship: (Jacq.) A.Robyns

Malachra fasciata var. lineariloba

authorship: (Turcz.) Gürke

Malachra horrida

authorship: Miq.

Malachra humilis

authorship: Benth.

Malachra kegeliana

authorship: Garcke

Malva horrida

authorship: Span.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZE BZL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Belize

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Suriname

code: SUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Collectanea [Jacquin] 2: 352; Ic. Pl. Rar. iii. 11., t. 548

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: malachra-ruderalis

scientific: Malachra ruderalis

authorship: Gürke

epithet: ruderalis

Lass ruderalis

authorship: (Guerke) Kuntze

codes: BOL BZN CLM ECU PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Peru

code: PER

names:
Maapas
Maawa tape

authors: Gürke

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: malacocera-tricornis

scientific: Malacocera tricornis

authorship: (Benth.) R.H.Anderson

genus: Malacocera

epithet: tricornis

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 51: 382 (1926)

preferred: Goat-head

english:
Goat-head
Soft Horns

Bassia tricornis

authorship: (Benth.) F.Muell.

New South Wales

code: NSW

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

names:
Goat-head
Soft Horns

published_in: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales li. 382 (1926)


slug: malacomeles-denticulata

scientific: Malacomeles denticulata

authorship: (Kunth) Decne.

genus: Malacomeles

epithet: denticulata

family: Rosaceae

preferred: southern false serviceberry

Amelanchier denticulata

authorship: (Kunth) W.D.J.Koch

Cotoneaster denticulatus

authorship: Kunth

name: Cotoneaster denticulatus var. latifolius

authorship: Hemsl.

Crataegus inermis

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Mespilus denticulata

authorship: (Kunth) Spreng.

Nagelia denticulata

authorship: (Kunth) Lindl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 530 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern false serviceberry
Big Bend serviceberry

names:
Membrillo cimarrón
Tlaxistle

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: (Kunth) G.N.Jones

published_in: Madroño 8: 36


slug: malacomeles-nervosa

scientific: Malacomeles nervosa

authorship: (Decne.) G.N.Jones

epithet: nervosa

Amelanchier denticulata var. nervosa

authorship: (Decne.) C.K.Schneid.

Amelanchier nervosa

authorship: (Decne.) Koehne

Cotoneaster nervosa

authorship: Decne.

Guatemala

code: GUA

authors: (Decne.) G.N.Jones

published_in: Madroño 8: 38

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: malacomeles-pringlei

scientific: Malacomeles pringlei

authorship: (Koehne) B.L.Turner

epithet: pringlei

Amelanchier pringlei

authorship: Koehne

Nagelia pringlei

authorship: (Koehne) C.K.Schneid.

codes: MXE TEX

Texas

code: TEX

authors: (Koehne) B.L.Turner

published_in: Phytologia 93(1): 102

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: malacothamnus-abbottii

scientific: Malacothamnus abbottii

authorship: (Eastw.) Kearney

genus: Malacothamnus

epithet: abbottii

preferred: Abbott's bushmallow

english:
Abbott's bushmallow
Abbot's bushmallow

Malvastrum abbottii

authorship: Eastw.

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

names:
Abbott's bushmallow
Abbot's bush-mallow

partners:
Andrena auricoma
Augochlorella pomoniella
Closterocoris amoenus
Curculionidae
Eschatocrepis constrictus
Lasioglossum mellipes
Megachile brevis
Mordella atrata

label: Visited by

authors: (Eastw.) Kearney

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 6: 129

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: malacothamnus-aboriginum

scientific: Malacothamnus aboriginum

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) Greene

epithet: aboriginum

published_in: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 208 (1906)

preferred: Indian Valley bushmallow

english:
Indian Valley bushmallow
Gray bushmallow

Sphaeralcea aboriginum

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 142 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (B.L.Rob.) Greene

published_in: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 208

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: malacothamnus-arcuatus

scientific: Malacothamnus arcuatus

authorship: (Greene) Greene

epithet: arcuatus

preferred: bewildering bushmallow

Malvastrum arcuatum

authorship: (Greene) B.L.Rob.

Malveopsis arcuata

authorship: Greene

Sphaeralcea arcuata

authorship: (Greene) Arthur

names:
bewildering bushmallow
Mendocino bush-mallow

names: Малакотамнус пучковатый

authors: (Greene) Greene


slug: malacothamnus-clementinus

scientific: Malacothamnus clementinus

authorship: (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) Kearney

epithet: clementinus

preferred: San Clemente Island bushmallow

name: Malacothamnus orbiculatus subsp. clementinus

authorship: (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) A.E.Murray

name: Malacothamnus orbiculatus var. clementinus

Malvastrum clementinum

authorship: Munz & I.M.Johnst.

name: Sphaeralcea orbiculata subsp. clementina

Sphaeralcea orbiculata var. clementina

authorship: (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 95 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
San Clemente Island bushmallow
San Clemente Island bush-mallow

partners:
Copestylum lentum
Halictus tripartitus
Leptotes marina
Vanessa cardui
Apis mellifera
Diptera
Saxifraga

partners:
Apis mellifera
Fazia micrura
Scaeva affinis

authors: (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) Kearney

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 6: 127


slug: malacothamnus-davidsonii

scientific: Malacothamnus davidsonii

epithet: davidsonii

preferred: Davidson's bushmallow

english:
Davidson's bushmallow
Tujunga bushmallow

Sphaeralcea davidsonii

authorship: Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 353 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: malacothamnus-densiflorus

scientific: Malacothamnus densiflorus

authorship: (S.Watson) Greene

epithet: densiflorus

preferred: few-rayed bushmallow

english:
few-rayed bushmallow
yellowstem bushmallow

name: Malacothamnus densiflorus var. densiflorus

Malacothamnus densiflorus var. viscidus

authorship: (Abrams) Kearney

Malvastrum densiflorum var. typicum

authorship: Estes

Malvastrum marrubioides var. viscidum

authorship: (Abrams) McMinn

Malvastrum viscidum

authorship: Abrams

Sphaeralcea densiflora

authorship: (S.Watson) Jeps.

Sphaeralcea densiflora var. viscida

authorship: (Abrams) Jeps.

codes: CAL MXN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 327 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Diadasia ochracea
Judolia sexspilota
Trichodes ornatus

authors: (S.Watson) Greene


slug: malacothamnus-enigmaticus

scientific: Malacothamnus enigmaticus

authorship: K.Morse & T.Chester

epithet: enigmaticus

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 253 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: K.Morse & T.A.Chester


slug: malacothamnus-fasciculatus

scientific: Malacothamnus fasciculatus

authorship: (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Greene

epithet: fasciculatus

preferred: southern coastal bushmallow

english:
southern coastal bushmallow
Chaparral bushmallow
Mendocino bushmallow

name: Malacothamnus fasciculatus subsp. catalinensis

authorship: (Eastw.) Thorne

name: Malacothamnus fasciculatus subsp. laxiflorus

authorship: (A.Gray) Thorne

name: Malacothamnus fasciculatus subsp. splendidus

authorship: (Kellogg) Abrams

name: Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. splendidus

Malacothamnus nesioticus

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) Abrams

Malacothamnus parishii

authorship: (Eastw.) Kearney

Malva fasciculata

authorship: Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray

Malvastrum catalinense

authorship: Eastw.

name: Malvastrum fasciculatum var. catalinense

authorship: (Eastw.) McMinn

Malvastrum fasciculatum var. laxiflorum

authorship: (A.Gray) Munz & I.M.Johnst.

Malvastrum fasciculatum var. nesioticum

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) McMinn

Malvastrum laxiflorum

authorship: (A.Gray) Eastw.

authorship: (A.Gray) Davidson & Moxley

Malvastrum splendidum

authorship: Kellogg

Malveopsis fasciculata

authorship: (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Kuntze

Malveopsis splendida

authorship: Kuntze

Sphaeralcea fasciculata

authorship: (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Arthur

Sphaeralcea fasciculata var. laxiflora

authorship: (A.Gray) Jeps.

Sphaeralcea fasciculata var. nesiotica

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) Jeps.

Sphaeralcea thurberi

authorship: (A.Gray) Tidestr. & Kittell

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2051 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Малакотамнус пучковатый

partners: Apoidea Coleoptera Diptera Lepidoptera Trochilidae

partners:
Augochlorella pomoniella
Closterocoris amoenus
Diadasia ochracea
Halictus tripartitus
Judolia sexspilota
Lasioglossum sisymbrii
Mordella hubbsi
Agapostemon texanus

partners:
Condylostylus longicornis
Cycloneda sanguinea
Eupeodes volucris
Icerya purchasi
Megalographa biloba
Oxyopes scalaris
Parantonae hispida
Phidippus adumbratus

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Apis mellifera
Bombus californicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Calypte anna
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Diadasia ochracea
Lasioglossum sisymbrii

authors: (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Greene


slug: malacothamnus-foliosus

scientific: Malacothamnus foliosus

authorship: (S.Watson) Kearney

epithet: foliosus

preferred: Ensenada bushmallow

english:
Ensenada bushmallow
monarch bushmallow

Malacothamnus paniculatus

authorship: (A.Gray) Kearney

name: Malvastrum marrubioides var. paniculatum

Malvastrum paniculatum

authorship: (A.Gray) Wiggins

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 464 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ensenada bushmallow
monarch bushmallow

authors: (S.Watson) Kearney

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 6: 122