slug: linaria-reflexa

scientific: Linaria reflexa

authorship: (L.) Chaz.

epithet: reflexa

published_in: Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2: 40 (1790)

Antirrhinum prostratum

authorship: Cirillo ex Chav.

Linaria agglutinans

authorship: Pomel

Linaria doumetii

authorship: Coss. ex Bonnet & Barratte

Linaria reflexa f. calycina

authorship: Batt.

Linaria reflexa f. cirtensis

authorship: (Maire) Viano

Linaria reflexa f. lubbockii

authorship: (Batt.) Batt.

Linaria reflexa subsp. lubbockii

authorship: (Batt.) Brullo

Linaria reflexa var. agglutinans

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

Linaria reflexa var. alba

authorship: Braun-Blanq. & Maire

Linaria reflexa var. cirtensis

authorship: Maire

Linaria reflexa var. doumetii

authorship: (Coss. ex Bonnet & Barratte) Bonnet & Barratte

Linaria reflexa var. puberula

authorship: Doum.

Linaria rhegina

authorship: Spreng.

codes: ALG MOR TUN COR FRA ITA SAR SIC

Morocco

code: MOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 402 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Льнянка отогнутоножковая

names: Linaire réfléchie, Linaire à fruits recourbés, Linaire à fruits renversés

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus bohemicus
Rhodanthidium
Anthidium manicatum

published_in: Fl. Atlant. 2: 42


slug: linaria-repens

scientific: Linaria repens

authorship: (L.) Mill.

genus: Linaria

epithet: repens

family: Plantaginaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: pale toadflax

english:
pale toadflax
striped toadflax

source: wikidata

Antirrhinum confertum

authorship: Jan ex Benth.

Antirrhinum gallioides

authorship: Vent.

Antirrhinum intermedium

authorship: Steud.

Antirrhinum monspessulanum

authorship: L.

Antirrhinum repens var. monspessulanum

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Antirrhinum repens var. regulare

authorship: Gray

Antirrhinum striatum

authorship: Lam.

Antirrhinum versicolor

authorship: Jacq. ex Murray

Linaria blanca

authorship: Pau

Linaria cyparissias

authorship: Tausch

Linaria decumbens

authorship: Moench

Linaria galioides

authorship: Schult. ex Steud.

Linaria procera

authorship: DC.

Linaria repens subsp. blanca

authorship: (Pau) Rivas Goday & Borja

Linaria repens var. alba

authorship: Risso

Linaria repens var. blanca

authorship: (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Linaria repens var. conferta

authorship: (Benth.) Rouy

Linaria repens var. galioides

authorship: (Lamotte) Kerguélen

authorship: (Lamotte) Rouy

Linaria repens var. gleoides

authorship: Dumort.

Linaria repens var. monspessulana

authorship: (L.) Rouy

Linaria repens var. multiflora

authorship: Sennen

Linaria repens var. tristis

authorship: (Chav.) Rouy

Linaria striata

authorship: (Lam.) DC.

Linaria striata var. conferta

authorship: Benth.

Linaria striata var. galioides

authorship: Lamotte

Linaria striata var. monspessulana

authorship: (L.) Chav.

Linaria striata var. repens

authorship: (L.) Risso

Linaria striata var. tristis

authorship: Chav.

Linaria stricta

authorship: Hornem.

Linaria versicolor

authorship: Chaz.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: BGM FRA GER ITA SPA

Belgium

code: BGM

continent: EUROPE

region: Middle Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1970 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
pale toadflax
striped toadflax

names: Льнянка ползучая

names:
linaire striée
Linaire rampante

names:
Linaiola striata
Linaria striata

names: Strimsporreblomma juovakannusruoho

names:
Gingroen Gwelw
Gingroen Porffor Gwelw

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Andrena florivaga
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora quadrimaculata
Aricia agestis
Bombus hortorum

type: flowerVisitedBy

partners:
Bombus lapidarius
Polyommatus icarus
Anthophora quadrimaculata
Aricia agestis
Bombus pascuorum
Celastrina argiolus
Pieris brassicae
Pieris rapae

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Calophasia lunula
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Apteropeda orbiculata
Calophasia opalina

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: linaria-rubioides

scientific: Linaria rubioides

authorship: Vis. & Pančić

epithet: rubioides

published_in: Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 12: 473 (1865)

Linaria concolor f. rubioides

authorship: (Vis. & Pančić) Hayek

Linaria concolor var. rubioides

authorship: (Vis. & Pančić) K.Malý

Linaria nissana

authorship: Petrovič

codes: BUL YUG

Bulgaria

code: BUL

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

authors: Vis. & Pančić

published_in: Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. xii. (1864) 473

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: linaria-saxatilis

scientific: Linaria saxatilis

authorship: (L.) Chaz.

epithet: saxatilis

published_in: Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2: 39 (1790)

Antirrhinum saxatile

authorship: L.

Antirrhinum tournefortii

authorship: Poir.

Linaria lagopodioides

authorship: (L.f.) Chaz.

Linaria minuscula

authorship: Merino

Linaria saxatilis f. minor

authorship: (Lange) Cout.

Linaria saxatilis prol. tournefortii

authorship: (Poir.) Samp.

Linaria saxatilis subsp. glabrescens

authorship: (Lange) M.Laínz

Linaria saxatilis var. genuina

authorship: Cout.

Linaria saxatilis var. glabrescens

authorship: (Lange) Rouy

Linaria saxatilis var. minor

authorship: (Lange) Samp.

Linaria saxatilis var. pseudofilifolia

authorship: Rouy

Linaria saxatilis var. rubella

authorship: (Merino) J.G.García

Linaria saxatilis var. tournefortii

authorship: (Poir.) Rouy

Linaria tournefortii

authorship: (Poir.) Steud.

Linaria tournefortii f. glabrescens

authorship: Lange

Linaria vulgaris

authorship: Planellas

codes: POR SPA

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 480 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: annual

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 462


slug: linaria-simplex

scientific: Linaria simplex

authorship: Desf.

epithet: simplex

published_in: Tabl. École Bot. : 65 (1804)

Antirrhinum parviflorum

authorship: Jacq.

Antirrhinum simplex

authorship: Willd.

Linaria arvensis f. quadrifolia

authorship: Hill ex Pau

Linaria arvensis f. simplex

authorship: (Desf.) Willd. ex Pau

Linaria arvensis subsp. paludicola

authorship: Caball.

Linaria arvensis subsp. simplex

authorship: (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens

Linaria arvensis var. flaviflora

authorship: Boiss.

Linaria arvensis var. parviflora

authorship: (Jacq.) Hochr.

Linaria arvensis var. simplex

authorship: (Desf.) Willd. ex Chav.

Linaria flaviflora

authorship: (Boiss.) Cufod.

Linaria micrantha subsp. teheranica

authorship: Rech.f. & Aellen

Linaria parviflora

authorship: (Jacq.) Halácsy

Linaria quadrifolia

authorship: Hance

Linaria teheranica

authorship: (Rech.f. & Aellen) Wendelbo

Linaria turcomanica

authorship: Kuprian.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG CNY LBY MOR TUN AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ KUW LBS NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TCS TKM TUR UZB PAK ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kuwait

code: KUW

region: Arabian Peninsula

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Pakistan

code: PAK

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 594 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: льнянка простая

names: פשתנית קטנת-פרחים

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Anthidium manicatum
Lasioglossum buccale
Lasioglossum marginatum

partners:
Apteropeda orbiculata
Calophasia lunula
Calophasia opalina
Calophasia platyptera
Capsodes flavomarginatus
Charissa variegata
Chrysolina kuesteri
Chrysolina sanguinolenta

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 3: 588


slug: linaria-spartea-l-willd

scientific: Linaria spartea

authorship: (L.) Willd.

epithet: spartea

preferred: ballast toadflax

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1512 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Linaire sparte, Linaire jonc, Linaire en forme de jonc, Linaire effilée

partners: Anthophila Anthophora Lasioglossum Lepidoptera Osmia

authors: Hoffmanns. & Link

published_in: Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 233

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: linaria-spartea-l-chaz

authorship: (L.) Chaz.

published_in: Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2: 38 (1790)

source: usda

Antirrhinum junceum

authorship: L.

Antirrhinum praecox

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Brot.

Antirrhinum virgatulum

authorship: Brot.

Kickxia spartea

authorship: (L.) K.Larsen

Linaria juncea var. expansa

authorship: Samp.

Linaria juncea var. praecox

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link ex Samp.

Linaria juncea var. spartea

authorship: (L.) Samp.

Linaria meonantha

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Linaria spartea f. expansa

authorship: (Samp.) Viano

Linaria spartea f. meonantha

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Viano

Linaria spartea f. virgatula

authorship: (Brot.) Viano

Linaria spartea subsp. virgatula

authorship: (Brot.) Franco

Linaria spartea var. brevipes

authorship: Rouy

Linaria spartea var. expansa

authorship: (Samp.) Samp.

Linaria spartea var. flaviflora

authorship: Lange

Linaria spartea var. meonantha

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link ex Nyman

Linaria spartea var. praecox

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link ex Ficalho

Linaria spartea var. ramosissima

authorship: Benth.

Linaria triquetra

authorship: Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.

Linaria virgatula

authorship: Spreng.

Saccularia veatchii

authorship: Kellogg

codes: FRA POR SPA

France

code: FRA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: annual

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol LISP5

license: public domain


slug: linaria-supina

scientific: Linaria supina

authorship: (L.) Chaz.

epithet: supina

preferred: lesser butter and eggs

Antirrhinum dubium

authorship: Vill.

Antirrhinum glaucum

authorship: Lepeyr.

Antirrhinum maritimum

authorship: (DC.) Poir.

Antirrhinum massiliense

authorship: Poir. ex Steud.

Antirrhinum pyrenaicum

authorship: Ramond ex DC.

Antirrhinum simplex

authorship: Link

Antirrhinum supinum

authorship: L.

Antirrhinum thuillieri

authorship: (Mérat) Poir.

Linaria badalii f. odoratissima

authorship: (Benth.) Valdés

Linaria dubia

authorship: (Vill.) Dumort.

Linaria filiformis

authorship: Moench

Linaria maritima

authorship: DC.

Linaria masedae

authorship: Merino

Linaria pyrenaica var. thuillieri

authorship: (Mérat) DC.

Linaria supina prol. dubia

authorship: (Vill.) Samp.

Linaria supina subsp. maritima

authorship: (DC.) M.Laínz

Linaria supina subsp. masedae

authorship: (Merino) M.Laínz

Linaria supina subsp. pyrenaica

authorship: (DC.) Nyman

Linaria supina var. ambigua

authorship: (A.L.P.Huet) Rouy

Linaria supina var. font-queri

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

Linaria supina var. maritima

authorship: (DC.) Duby

Linaria supina var. pyrenaica

authorship: (DC.) Gaut.

Linaria thuillieri

authorship: Mérat

Orontium supinum

authorship: Willemet ex Steud.

codes: FRA ITA POR SPA

Italy

code: ITA

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1205 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
lesser butter and eggs
Prostrate Toadflax

names: Льнянка приморская

names:
Linaire couchee
Linaire couchée

names:
Linaiola dei serpentini
Linaria dei serpentini

names: bleiktorskemunn blektorskemunn

names:
llin-y-llyffant gorweddol
Gingroen Gorweddol

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Anthidium manicatum
Lasioglossum buccale
Lasioglossum marginatum
Lasioglossum nitidiusculum
Osmia mustelina

label: Life form

value: therophyte

label: Height

category: Size


slug: linaria-thymifolia

scientific: Linaria thymifolia

authorship: (Vahl) DC.

epithet: thymifolia

Antirrhinum glaucum

authorship: Thore

Antirrhinum thymifolium

authorship: Vahl

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Льнянка тимьянолистная

authors: DC.

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 3: 587

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linaria-triornithophora

scientific: Linaria triornithophora

authorship: (L.) Cav.

epithet: triornithophora

published_in: Elench. Pl. Horti Matr. : 21 (1803)

Antirrhinum triornithophorum

authorship: L.

Linaria lusitanica

authorship: Mill.

Linaria triornithophora

authorship: (L.) Willd.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1777 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

value: perennial

authors: (L.) Cav.

published_in: Elench. Pl. Horti Matr. 21 (1803); cf. Rothm. in Fedde, Repert. xlix. 52(1940)


slug: linaria-tristis

scientific: Linaria tristis

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: tristis

Antirrhinum lusitanicum

authorship: Vent.

Antirrhinum marginatum

authorship: Desf.

Antirrhinum polygaleifolium

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Linaria burceziana

authorship: Maire

Linaria jolyi

authorship: Batt.

Linaria lurida

authorship: Ball

Linaria lusitanica

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Linaria pectinata

authorship: Pau & Font Quer

Linaria supina subsp. ajmasiana

authorship: (Pau) Dobignard

Linaria supina subsp. tristis

authorship: (L.) Malag.

Linaria supina var. ajmasiana

authorship: Pau

Linaria tristis var. concolor

authorship: Emb. & Maire

Linaria tristis var. jolyi

authorship: (Batt.) Maire

Linaria verticillata var. jolyi

authorship: (Batt.) Font Quer

codes: ALG MOR POR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 86 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 8


slug: linaria-ventricosa

scientific: Linaria ventricosa

authorship: Coss. & Balansa

epithet: ventricosa

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 20: 252 (1873 publ. 1874)

Linaria ventricosa var. gaulisii

authorship: Humbert

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Coss. & Balansa

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 20: 252

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linaria-virgata

scientific: Linaria virgata

authorship: (Poir.) Desf.

epithet: virgata

Antirrhinum virgatum

authorship: Poir.

Linaria algeriensis

authorship: Murb.

Linaria virgata var. syrtica

authorship: (Murb.) E.A.Durand & Barratte

codes: ALG LBY TUN

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Linaire en baguette
Linaires dressées

authors: Desf.


slug: linaria-viscosa

scientific: Linaria viscosa

authorship: (L.) Chaz.

epithet: viscosa

Antirrhinum multicaule

authorship: Ten.

Antirrhinum viscosum

authorship: L.

Linaria ramburei

authorship: Boiss. ex Benth.

Linaria salzmannii var. flava

authorship: Boiss.

Linaria spicata

authorship: Kunze

Linaria viscosa f. flava

authorship: (Boiss.) Pau

Linaria viscosa var. crassifolia

authorship: Cout.

Linaria viscosa var. euviscosa

authorship: Maire

Linaria viscosa var. spicata

authorship: (Kunze) Nyman

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 209 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthophora bimaculata
Bombylius
Dischistus senex
Heliotaurus ruficollis
Osmia signata
Protosmia capitata
Rhodanthidium septemdentatum

published_in: Bot. Cult. 2: 93


slug: linaria-vulgaris

scientific: Linaria vulgaris

authorship: Mill.

epithet: vulgaris

preferred: common toadflax

english:
common toadflax
Common Toadflax
butter and eggs

source: inat

Antirrhinum commune

authorship: Lam.

Antirrhinum genistifolium

authorship: Lapeyr.

Antirrhinum glandulosum

authorship: Lej.

Antirrhinum linaria var. glandulosum

authorship: (Lej.) Lej.

Antirrhinum linaria var. peloria

authorship: With.

Antirrhinum ochroleucum

authorship: Salisb.

Antirrhinum vulgare

authorship: (Mill.) Gray

Antirrhinum vulgare var. album

authorship: Gray

Linaria arenosa

authorship: (Tzvelev) Tzvelev

Linaria bipunctata

authorship: Rchb.

Linaria chinensis

authorship: Bunge ex Benth.

Linaria ciliata

authorship: Lange ex Rchb.

Linaria elongata

authorship: Dumort.

Linaria gebleri

authorship: Besser ex Chav.

Linaria glauca

authorship: R.Br. ex Schur

Linaria glaucophylla

authorship: Schur

Linaria hians

authorship: Spreng.

Linaria linaria

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Linaria linarioides

authorship: Steud.

Linaria pensylvanica

authorship: Scheele

Linaria perrieri

authorship: (Rouy) Beauverd

Linaria prostrata

authorship: (Boenn.) Rchb.

Linaria versicolor

authorship: (L.) Moench

Linaria vulgariformis

authorship: Nikitina

Linaria vulgaris f. leucantha

authorship: Fernald

Linaria vulgaris f. major

authorship: Rouy

Linaria vulgaris f. peloria

authorship: (With.) Rouleau

Linaria vulgaris subsp. arenosa

authorship: Tzvelev

Linaria vulgaris var. angustifolia

authorship: Mérat

Linaria vulgaris var. chinensis

authorship: Bunge ex Debeaux

Linaria vulgaris var. communis

authorship: Krylov

Linaria vulgaris var. glandulosa

authorship: Chav.

authorship: (Lej.) Dumort.

Linaria vulgaris var. peloria

authorship: (With.) Mérat

Linaria vulgaris var. prostrata

authorship: Boenn.

Linaria vulgaris var. sinensis

authorship: Debeaux

Peloria linaria

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: ALT BRY CHN CHS EAI CHI IRK KAZ KGZ KOR KRA LBS CHM MON NCS TZK TCS TVA TUR UZB WSB YAK PAK ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Artengruppe Gewöhnliches Leinkraut
Gemeines Leinkraut

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Aedes nigripes
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Ammophila kennedyi
Andrena carlini
Andrena florivaga

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus jonellus
Bombus lucorum
Bombus muscorum
Bombus sylvarum
Bombus terrestris
Gonepteryx rhamni

partners:
Anthidium manicatum
Bombus borealis
Bombus fervidus
Bombus huntii
Bombus impatiens
Bombus nevadensis
Calophasia lunula
Halictus tumulorum

partners:
Rhinusa antirrhini
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Calophasia lunula
Chrysolina sanguinolenta
Falseuncaria ruficiliana
Mecinus janthinus
Melitaea didyma
Rhinusa collina

partners:
Copidosoma cervius
Entyloma linariae
Eurytoma linariae
Melanotaenium cingens
Peronospora linariae
Pteromalus microps
Sycophila submutica

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. [unpaged] Linaria no. 1

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: linconia-cuspidata

scientific: Linconia cuspidata

authorship: (Thunb.) Sw.

genus: Linconia

epithet: cuspidata

family: Bruniaceae

published_in: Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 284 (1811)

Diosma cuspidata

authorship: Thunb.

Linconia deusta

authorship: (Thunb.) Pillans

Linconia thymifolia

authorship: Sw.

value: shrub

value: subshrub

value: woody

authors: Sw.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: lindelofia-tschimganica

scientific: Lindelofia tschimganica

authorship: (Lipsky) Popov

genus: Lindelofia

epithet: tschimganica

family: Boraginaceae

published_in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 43 (1961)

Solenanthus olgae var. tschimganicus

authorship: Lipsky

codes: KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

names: Линделофия Ольги

authors: (Lipsky) Popov in Pazij

published_in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. xvi. 43 (1961)


slug: lindenbergia-grandiflora

scientific: Lindenbergia grandiflora

authorship: Benth.

genus: Lindenbergia

epithet: grandiflora

family: Orobanchaceae

Stemodia grandiflora

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

codes: CHT EHM MYA NEP WHM

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: リンデンベルジア・グランディフローラ

authors: (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Benth.

published_in: Scroph. Ind. 22

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindenbergia-indica

scientific: Lindenbergia indica

authorship: (L.) Vatke

epithet: indica

Bovea sinaica

authorship: Decne.

Dodartia indica

authorship: L.

Hemiorchis habessenica

authorship: Ehrenb. ex Schweinf.

Lindenbergia abyssinica

authorship: Hochst. ex Benth.

Lindenbergia nigrescens

authorship: Vatke

Lindenbergia pirottae

authorship: Almagia

Lindenbergia polyantha

authorship: Royle ex Benth.

Lindenbergia ruderalis

authorship: (Retz.) Voigt

Lindenbergia scutellarioides

authorship: Asch.

Lindenbergia sinaica

authorship: (Decne.) Benth.

Lindenbergia sinaica var. abyssinica

authorship: (Hochst. ex Benth.) Almagia

Stemodia ruderalis

authorship: Retz.

codes: DJI EGY ERI ETH KEN SOM SUD GST IRN OMA PAL SAU SIN YEM ASS BAN IND NEP PAK WHM

Djibouti

code: DJI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Gulf States

code: GST

Iran

code: IRN

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Sinai

code: SIN

Yemen

code: YEM

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Pakistan

code: PAK

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindenbergia-muraria

scientific: Lindenbergia muraria

authorship: (Roxb. ex D.Don) Brühl

epithet: muraria

published_in: J. Dept. Sci. Calcutta Univ. 2: 27 (1920)

Brachycorys parviflora

authorship: Schrad.

Lindenbergia pusilla

authorship: Hochst. ex Chiov.

Lindenbergia urticifolia

authorship: Lehm.

Stemodia littoralis

authorship: Boiss.

Stemodia muraria

authorship: Roxb. ex D.Don

codes: ETH AFG CHC CHS OMA CHT ASS BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP PAK THA VIE WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Tibet

code: CHT

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 野地钟萼草 野地鐘萼草

names: リンデンベルジア・ムラリア

authors: (Roxb. ex D.Don) Brühl

published_in: Journ. Dept. Sc., Calcutta Univ. ii. Bot., 27 (1920)


slug: lindenbergia-philippensis

scientific: Lindenbergia philippensis

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.

epithet: philippensis

name: Lindenbergia philippensis var. bracteosa

authorship: Bonati

name: Lindenbergia philippensis var. ramosissima

Lindenbergia siamensis

authorship: Teijsm. & Binn.

Stemodia bodinieri

authorship: Vaniot

Stemodia philippensis

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

codes: CHC CHS ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM JAW LAO MYA PHI THA VIE WHM

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Philippines

code: PHI

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 169 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 茸草 钟萼草

names: หญ้าน้ำดับไฟ

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindenbergia-sokotrana

scientific: Lindenbergia sokotrana

authorship: Vierh.

epithet: sokotrana

Socotra

code: SOC

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

names: Линденбергия сокотранская

authors: Vierh.

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 259


slug: lindera-aggregata

scientific: Lindera aggregata

authorship: (Sims) Kosterm.

genus: Lindera

epithet: aggregata

family: Lauraceae

published_in: Reinwardtia  9: 98 (1974)

Benzoin sinense

authorship: (Blume) Kuntze

Benzoin strychnifolium

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc. ex Blume) Kuntze

Cinnamomum aggregatum

authorship: (Sims) Pilip.

Daphnidium myrrha

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Daphnidium sinense

authorship: Blume

Daphnidium strychnifolium

authorship: Siebold & Zucc. ex Blume

Laurus aggregata

authorship: Sims

Lindera aggregata f. playfairii

authorship: (Hemsl.) J.C.Liao

Lindera alongensis

authorship: Lecomte

Lindera playfairii

authorship: (Hemsl.) C.K.Allen

Lindera sinensis

authorship: (Blume) Hemsl.

Lindera strychnifolia

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc. ex Blume) Fern.-Vill.

Litsea playfairii

authorship: Hemsl.

Litsea trinervia

authorship: Bürger ex Blume

Neolitsea playfairii

authorship: (Hemsl.) Chun

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI PHI VIE

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 乌药 乌药子

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (Sims) Kosterm.

published_in: Reinwardtia 9(1): 98

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindera-akoensis

scientific: Lindera akoensis

authorship: Hayata

epithet: akoensis

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo  30(1): 252 (1911)

Benzoin akoense

authorship: (Hayata) Kamik.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 203 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 內苳子 台湾香叶树

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  252

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindera-benzoin

scientific: Lindera benzoin

authorship: (L.) Blume

epithet: benzoin

preferred: northern spicebush

english:
northern spicebush
spicebush

Benzoin aestivale

authorship: Nees

Benzoin aestivale var. pubescens

authorship: E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.

Benzoin benzoin

authorship: Coult.

Calosmon acstivale

authorship: Kostel.

Euosmus aestivalis

authorship: Nutt.

Laurus aestivalis

authorship: Lam.

Laurus benzoin

authorship: L.

Laurus fragrans

authorship: Salisb.

Laurus pseudobenzoin

authorship: Michx.

Lindera aestivalis f. xanthocarpa

authorship: (G.S.Torr.) Rehder

Lindera benzoin f. rubra

authorship: Champlin

Lindera benzoin var. pubescens

authorship: (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Rehder

Lindera benzoin var. verna

authorship: Meisn.

Malapoenna glomerata

authorship: Kuntze

Ozanthes benzoin

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Tetranthera aestivalis

authorship: Spreng.

Tetranthera floridana

authorship: Shuttlew. ex Meisn.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2054 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Acaricide Allelopathic Allergenic Anesthetic Anthelmintic Antiacetylcholinesterase

Alpha-phellandrene

activities: Antibacterial Antistaphylococcic Dermal Emetic FLavor Fungicide Insectiphile Irritant

Limonene

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Acaricide Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiadenomic Antialzheimeran? Antiasthmatic

Myrcene

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic Antibacterial Anticonvulsant Antimutagenic Antinitrosaminic

Alpha-pinene

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacne Antibacterial Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antipneumonic

P-cymene

activities: Analgesic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antibacillary Antibacterial Antiflu Antirheumatalgic Antiviral FLavor

Alpha-terpineol

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antiacne Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antiinflammatory

Beta-elemene

activities:
Anticancer (Cervix)
Antigliomic
Antiproliferant
Antitumor (Cervix)
Apoptotic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

partners:
Andrena vicina
Apis mellifera
Colletes inaequalis
Cyrtophorus verrucosus
Dialictus
Diptera
Dolerus unicolor
Eupeodes americanus

partners:
Acanthocephala terminalis
Agalliopsis ancistra
Andrena imitatrix
Araneus marmoreus
Augochlora pura
Boisea trivittata
Callosamia promethea
Camponotus chromaiodes

partners:
Cardinalis cardinalis
Catharus guttatus
Turdus migratorius
Zenaida
Zonotrichia albicollis

partners:
Papilio troilus
Cardinalis cardinalis
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus guttatus
Epimecis hortaria
Hylocichla mustelina
Turdus migratorius
Vireo olivaceus


slug: lindera-communis

scientific: Lindera communis

authorship: Hemsl.

epithet: communis

Beilschmiedia parvifolia

authorship: Lecomte

Benzoin commune

authorship: (Hemsl.) Rehder

Benzoin formosanum

authorship: (Hayata) Kamik.

Lindera communis var. esquirolii

authorship: (H.Lév.) S.Y.Hu

Lindera communis var. okinawensis

authorship: Hatus.

Lindera formosana

authorship: Hayata

codes: CHN CHC CHS NNS TAI LAO MYA THA VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 449 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 香叶树 小粘叶

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: 5 m

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 387

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindera-erythrocarpa

scientific: Lindera erythrocarpa

authorship: Makino

epithet: erythrocarpa

Benzoin erythrocarpum

authorship: (Makino) Rehder

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR TAI

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

names: 詹糖香 红果山胡椒

value: nanophanerophyte

value: deciduous

authors: Makino

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 11: 219

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindera-glauca

scientific: Lindera glauca

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume

epithet: glauca

preferred: gray-blue spicebush

source: wikidata

Benzoin glaucum

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Benzoin glaucum f. glabellum

authorship: Nakai

Benzoin glaucum var. kawakamii

authorship: (Hayata) Sasaki

Lindera glauca f. glabella

authorship: (Nakai) C.M.Pak

Lindera glauca var. parvifolia

authorship: K.M.Li & W.D.Han

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR TAI MYA VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
gray-blue spicebush
Oriental Spicebush

names: 山胡椒 山胡椒叶

names: カワカミコウバシ ヤマコウバシ

partners:
Graphium sarpedon
Ricania speculum

authors: Blume

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: lindera-megaphylla

scientific: Lindera megaphylla

epithet: megaphylla

Benzoin touyunense

authorship: (H.Lév.) Rehder

Benzoin touyunense f. trichocladum

authorship: Rehder

Lindera megaphylla f. trichoclada

authorship: (Rehder) W.C.Cheng

Litsea amaroideocarpa

authorship: Kosterm.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: CHN CHC CHS MYA VIE

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 660 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 大香葉樹 毛黑壳楠

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 389

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: lindera-melissifolia

scientific: Lindera melissifolia

authorship: (Walter) Blume

epithet: melissifolia

preferred: southern spicebush

Benzoin diospyrus

authorship: Sweet

Benzoin melissifolium

authorship: (Walter) Nees

Evelyna diospyros

authorship: (Pursh) Raf.

Laurus diospyroides

authorship: Michx.

Laurus diospyros

authorship: Pursh

Laurus melissifolia

authorship: Walter

Tetranthera diospyros

authorship: Spreng.

codes: ALA ARK GEO MSI MSO NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

lifeform: shrub

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern spicebush
pondberry

partners: Apoidea Diptera

partners:
Acanthocephala terminalis
Spissistilus festina

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Raffaelea
Raffaelea lauricola

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindera-obtusiloba

scientific: Lindera obtusiloba

authorship: Blume

epithet: obtusiloba

Benzoin cercidifolium

authorship: (Hemsl.) Rehder

Benzoin heterophyllum

authorship: (Meisn.) Kuntze

Benzoin obtusilobum

authorship: (Blume) Kuntze

Benzoin obtusilobum f. quinqelobum

authorship: Uyeki

Benzoin obtusilobum f. villosum

authorship: (Blume) Nakai

Benzoin sericeum

authorship: Hook.f. & Thomson ex Meisn.

Lindera cercidifolia

authorship: Hemsl.

Lindera heterophylla

authorship: Meisn.

Lindera mollis

authorship: Oliv.

Lindera obtusiloba f. quinqueloba

authorship: (Uyeki) C.M.Pak

Lindera obtusiloba f. villosa

authorship: (Blume) T.B.Lee

Lindera obtusiloba var. praetermissa

authorship: (Grierson & D.G.Long) H.P.Tsui

Lindera obtusiloba var. tomentosa

authorship: Miq.

Lindera praetermissa

authorship: Grierson & D.G.Long

Tetranthera lusona

authorship: Nees ex Meisn.

Tetranthera vestita

authorship: Wall.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR CHM CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP

Manchuria

code: CHM

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Nepal

code: NEP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 324 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 三钻七 三桠乌药

names: Линдера туполопастная

names: لينديرا اوبتوسيلوبا

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Araneidae
Cryptophagus cellaris
Epuraea
Eusphalerum parallelum
Geocoris varius
Mordellina
Mordellistena
Rodolial imbata

partners:
Polygonia c-aureum
Ricania speculum


slug: lindera-praecox

scientific: Lindera praecox

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume

epithet: praecox

Benzoin praecox

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Lindera praecox f. pubescens

authorship: (Honda) H.Ohba

Parabenzoin praecox

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai

Parabenzoin praecox f. angustifolium

authorship: Sugim.

Parabenzoin praecox var. oleopubescens

authorship: Nakai

Parabenzoin praecox var. pubescens

authorship: Honda

codes: CHC CHS JAP

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agrilus daimio
Amblychia insueta
Caloptilia camphorae
Erannis golda
Graphium sarpedon
Menophra retractaria
Xandrames dholaria
Xandrames latiferaria

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume


slug: lindera-umbellata

scientific: Lindera umbellata

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: umbellata

Benzoin hypoglaucum

authorship: (Maxim.) Rehder

Benzoin hypoleucum

authorship: Kuntze

Benzoin membranaceum

authorship: (Maxim.) Kuntze

Benzoin membranaceum var. aurantiacum

authorship: Muroi

Benzoin obtusum

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze

Benzoin umbellatum

authorship: (Thunb.) Kuntze

authorship: (Thunb.) Rehder

Lindera hypoglauca

authorship: Maxim.

Lindera obtusa

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Lindera thunbergii

authorship: Makino

Lindera umbellata f. aurantiaca

authorship: (Muroi) Okuyama

Lindera umbellata f. hypoglauca

authorship: (Maxim.) Makino

Lindera umbellata f. membranacea

authorship: (Maxim.) Makino ex Hiyama

Lindera umbellata subsp. membranacea

authorship: (Maxim.) Kitam.

Lindera umbellata var. aurantiaca

authorship: (Muroi) Hiyama

Lindera umbellata var. hypoglauca

authorship: (Maxim.) Makino ex C.K.Allen

Sassafras thunbergii

authorship: Siebold

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apoderus rubidus
Ceratina japonica
Epuraea
Mordellina
Mordellistena
Nonartha cyaneum
Unidentified sp77 M_PL_057

partners:
Amblychia insueta
Graphium sarpedon
Zethenia albonotaria

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lipsiae) 145, t. 21

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindernia-conferta

scientific: Lindernia conferta

authorship: (Hiern) Philcox

genus: Lindernia

epithet: conferta

family: Linderniaceae

Ilysanthes conferta

authorship: Hiern

codes: BOT ZAI OFS NAT LES TVL ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zambia

code: ZAM

region: South Tropical Africa

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: hydroannual

value: hydrophyte

authors: (Hiern) Philcox

published_in: Bol. Soc. Brot. sér. 2, 60: 268

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindernia-dubia

scientific: Lindernia dubia

authorship: (L.) Pennell

epithet: dubia

published_in: Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia  1: 141 (1935)

preferred: yellowseed false pimpernel

Ambulia alata

authorship: Raf.

Capraria gratioloides

authorship: L.

Gratiola anagallidea

authorship: Michx.

Gratiola attenuata

authorship: (Muhl. ex Elliott) Spreng.

Gratiola dilatata

authorship: Muhl. ex Spreng.

Gratiola inaequalis

authorship: Walter

Gratiola tetragona

authorship: Elliott

Herpestis callitrichoides

authorship: Kunth

Ilysanthes anagallidea

authorship: (Michx.) Raf.

Ilysanthes attenuata

authorship: (Muhl. ex Elliott) Small

Ilysanthes dilatata

authorship: Raf. ex Benth.

Ilysanthes dubia

authorship: (L.) Barnhart

Ilysanthes dubia var. inundata

authorship: Pennell

Ilysanthes gratioloides

authorship: Benth.

name: Ilysanthes gratioloides var. curtipedicellata

authorship: Bush

Ilysanthes gratioloides var. depressa

authorship: Suksd.

Ilysanthes inaequalis

authorship: (Walter) Pennell

Lindernia anagallidea

authorship: (Michx.) Pennell

Lindernia attenuata

authorship: Muhl. ex Elliott

Lindernia dilatata var. anagallidea

authorship: Muhl.

Lindernia dubia subsp. major

authorship: (Pursh) Pennell

Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea

authorship: (Michx.) Cooperr.

Lindernia dubia var. inundata

authorship: (Pennell) Pennell

Lindernia dubia var. riparia

authorship: (Raf.) Fernald

Lindernia gratioloides

authorship: J.Lloyd & Foucaud

Lindernia macrantha

authorship: Rouy

Lindernia nelliyampathiensis

authorship: Sunil, Jaleel, Ratheesh & V.Balakr.

Lindernia pyxidaria

authorship: Pursh

Lindernia pyxidaria subsp. gratioloides

authorship: (J.Lloyd) Bonnier & Layens

Morgania callitrichoides

authorship: (Kunth) Spreng.

codes: ALA ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WAS WVA WIS AGE BLZ BOL BZN BZS BZC CLC CLS CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR URU VEN

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellowseed false pimpernel
Moist-bank-pimpernel

names: Линдерния сомнительная

names: アメリカアゼナ アメリカアゼナ（亜米利加畔菜）

names:
Großes Büchsenkraut
Grosses Buechsenkraut

names:
Vandellia delle risaie
Vandellia delle risie

names: съмнителна линдерния

partners:
Abundance
Ceratina
Ceratina calcarata
Halictus
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossum obscurum
Lasioglossum tegulare

partners:
Anthocomus
Coenosia
Exorista
Formica rufibarbis
Nematus
Phasia
Siphona geniculata
Tiphia


slug: lindernia-grandiflora

scientific: Lindernia grandiflora

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: grandiflora

preferred: savannah false pimpernel

Bazina nudiflora

authorship: Raf.

Ilysanthes grandiflora

authorship: (Nutt.) Benth.

Tittmannia grandiflora

authorship: (Nutt.) Spreng.

codes: FLA GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 805 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 2: 43


slug: lindernia-hyssopioides

scientific: Lindernia hyssopioides

authorship: (L.) Haines

epithet: hyssopioides

published_in: Bot. Bihar Orissa : 635 (1922)

Bonnaya hyssopoides

authorship: (L.) Benth.

Gratiola hyssopifolia

authorship: Houtt.

Gratiola hyssopioides

authorship: Lour.

authorship: L.

Morgania hyssopioides

authorship: (Lour.) Spreng.

codes: CHC CHS CHH ASS BAN IND MYA NEP SRL THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

climate: seasonally dry tropical

source: GIFT

authors: Haines

published_in: Bot. Bihar Orissa Pt. 4, 635 (1922)


slug: lindernia-monticola

scientific: Lindernia monticola

epithet: monticola

preferred: piedmont false pimpernel

Ilysanthes monticola

authorship: (Nutt.) Raf.

Ilysanthes refracta

authorship: (Elliott) Raf.

Ilysanthes refracta var. saxicola

authorship: (M.A.Curtis) A.Gray

Ilysanthes saxicola

authorship: (M.A.Curtis) Chapm.

Lindernia refracta

authorship: Elliott

Vriesea monticola

authorship: (Nutt.) Hassk.

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 280 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
piedmont false pimpernel
Flatrock Pimpernel

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 9

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindernia-parviflora

scientific: Lindernia parviflora

authorship: (Roxb.) Haines

epithet: parviflora

Bonnaya parviflora

authorship: (Roxb.) Benth.

Gratiola parviflora

authorship: Roxb.

Ilysanthes radicans

authorship: Pilg.

codes: BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPP CHA ZAI EGY ETH OFS GAB GHA KEN NAT LES MDG MLW MLI MAU MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM ASS BAN IND MYA NEP PAK SRL THA VIE

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Chad

code: CHA

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritius

code: MAU

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Senegal

code: SEN

Somalia

code: SOM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Small-flower False Pimpernel
Small-flower Lindern

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindernia-procumbens-krock-borbas

scientific: Lindernia procumbens

authorship: (Krock.) Borbás

epithet: procumbens

published_in: Békésvármegye Fl. : 80 (1881)

preferred: prostrate false pimpernel

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gewöhnliches Büchsenkraut
Liegendes Buechsenkraut

partners:
Junonia atlites
Suidae

partners: Lindernia anagallis yellow vein betasatellite

authors: (Krock.) Philcox

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol LIPR5

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: lindernia-procumbens-krock-philcox

authorship: (Krock.) Philcox

Anagalloides procumbens

authorship: Krock.

Bonnaya integrifolia

authorship: Kostel.

Gratiola inundata

authorship: Kit. ex Spreng.

Gratiola ocymifolia

authorship: Vahl

Ilyogeton nervosum

authorship: (Hassk.) Hassk.

Ilysanthes gratioloides

authorship: Regel

Lindernia erecta

authorship: (Benth.) Bonati

Lindernia gratioloides

authorship: Poir. ex Steud.

Lindernia inaperta

authorship: Thore ex Maxim.

Lindernia nervosa

authorship: (Hassk.) Koord.

Lindernia palustris

authorship: Hartmann

Lindernia pyxidaria

authorship: All.

Lindernia pyxidaria var. grandiflora

authorship: Maxim.

Pyxidaria nervosa

authorship: (Hassk.) Kuntze

Pyxidaria procumbens f. erecta

authorship: Borbás

Tittmannia erecta

authorship: Benth.

Torenia erecta

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Torenia quinquenervis

authorship: Llanos

Vandellia nervosa

authorship: (Hassk.) Benth.

Vandellia pyxidaria

authorship: (All.) Maxim.

Vriesea nervosa

authorship: Hassk.

codes: AFG ALT AMU CHC CHS CHI IRN JAP KAZ KHA KOR CHM NNS PRM TZK TAI TCS TUR UZB WSB ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO MLY MYA NEP PAK SRL THA VIE WHM NSW QLD AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG POL POR ROM RUS SWI UKR MRN WAL

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Primorye

code: PRM

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Taiwan

code: TAI

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Assam

code: ASS


slug: lindernia-rotundifolia

scientific: Lindernia rotundifolia

authorship: (L.) Alston

epithet: rotundifolia

published_in: Handb. Fl. Ceylon  6(Suppl.): 214 (1931)

Bonnaya rotundifolia

authorship: (L.) Benth.

Gratiola integrifolia

authorship: Roxb.

Gratiola rotundifolia

authorship: L.

Ilysanthes hypericifolia

authorship: Bonati

Ilysanthes oblongifolia

authorship: Baker

Morgania rotundifolia

authorship: (L.) Spreng.

Torenia rotundifolia

authorship: (L.) Cordem.

Virchowia cubensis

authorship: Bartl. & Schenk

codes: COM MDG MAU REU ASS BAN IND SRL

Comoros

code: COM

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mauritius

code: MAU

Réunion

code: REU

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 717 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 圆叶母草 圓葉母草

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

authors: (L.) Alston

published_in: Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(suppl.): 214


slug: linderniella-nana

scientific: Linderniella nana

authorship: (Engl.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.

genus: Linderniella

epithet: nana

Ilysanthes nana

authorship: Engl.

Ilysanthes schlechteri

authorship: Hiern

Lindernia nana

authorship: (Engl.) Roessler

codes: ANG BOT ZAI ETH OFS KEN NAT NAM TVL RWA TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Willdenowia 43(2): 227

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linderniella-pulchella

scientific: Linderniella pulchella

authorship: (Skan) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.

epithet: pulchella

Ilysanthes pulchella

authorship: Skan

Ilysanthes pulchella subsp. rhodesiana

authorship: Norl.

Ilysanthes purpurascens

authorship: Hutch.

Lindernia pulchella

authorship: (Skan) Philcox

codes: ANG ZAI SWZ ETH KEN MLW MOZ TVL SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

region: South Tropical Africa

DR Congo

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

value: lithophyte

authors: (Skan) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linderniella-wilmsii

scientific: Linderniella wilmsii

epithet: wilmsii

Lindernia wilmsii

authorship: (Engl.) Philcox

codes: ANG BUR ZAI SWZ KEN NAT MOZ TVL RWA TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Burundi

code: BUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Engl.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.

published_in: Willdenowia 43(2): 228

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindheimera-texana

scientific: Lindheimera texana

authorship: A.Gray & Engelm.

genus: Lindheimera

epithet: texana

family: Asteraceae

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1: 47 (1847)

preferred: Texas yellow star

english:
Texas yellow star
Texas yellowstar

source: inat

codes: MXE OKL TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2030 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Texas yellowstar
Texas yellow star

authors: A.Gray & Engelm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1: 47


slug: lindleya-mespiloides

scientific: Lindleya mespiloides

authorship: Kunth

genus: Lindleya

epithet: mespiloides

family: Rosaceae

Lindleyella mespiloides

authorship: (Kunth) Rydb.

Lindleyella schiedeana

authorship: Rydb.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 153 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

authors: Kunth


slug: lindmania-guianensis

scientific: Lindmania guianensis

authorship: (Beer) Mez

genus: Lindmania

epithet: guianensis

family: Bromeliaceae

Anoplophytum guianense

authorship: Beer

Cottendorfia guianensis

authorship: (Beer) Klotzsch ex Baker

Cottendorfia paludosa

authorship: (L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm.

codes: GUY VEN

Guyana

code: GUY

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Northern South America

Venezuela

code: VEN

value: hemicryptophyte

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lindsaea-agatii

scientific: Lindsaea agatii

authorship: (Brack.) Lehtonen & Tuomisto

genus: Lindsaea

epithet: agatii

family: Lindsaeaceae

Lindsaea billardierei

authorship: Carruth.

Schizoloma agatii

authorship: Brack.

Schizoloma billardierei

authorship: Gaudich.

Schizoloma ensifolium var. intercedens

authorship: Domin

codes: LSI MOL NWG SOL NTA QLD CRL FIJ MRN NWC SAM SCZ TON VAN

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

region: Malesia

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Northern Territory

code: NTA

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

Fiji

code: FIJ

region: Southwestern Pacific

Marianas

code: MRN

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Samoa

code: SAM

Santa Cruz Is.

code: SCZ

Tonga

code: TON

Vanuatu

code: VAN

value: herb

value: non-woody

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

authors: (Brack.) Lehtonen & Tuomisto

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: lindsaea-bonii

scientific: Lindsaea bonii

authorship: Christ

epithet: bonii

Lindsaea commixta

authorship: Tagawa

Lindsaea hainanensis

authorship: Ching

Lindsaea orbiculata var. commixta

authorship: (Tagawa) W.C.Shieh

authorship: (Tagawa) K.U.Kramer

Lindsaea tenera var. commixta

authorship: (Tagawa) K.Iwats.

Lindsaea tenera var. integra

authorship: Mett. ex Kuhn

codes: CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI AND ASS BOR CBD EHM IND LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: perennial or lithophyte

names: 海島陵齒蕨 海島鱗始蕨

names: シンエダウチホングウシダ

authors: Christ.

published_in: Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 187

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: lindsaea-chienii

scientific: Lindsaea chienii

epithet: chienii

Lindsaea chienii var. recedens

authorship: (Ching) Saiki

Lindsaea fengkaiensis

authorship: B.S.Wang & S.H.Shi

Lindsaea orbiculata var. chienii

authorship: (Ching) Ohwi

Lindsaea orbiculata var. recedens

authorship: (Ching) W.C.Shieh

Lindsaea tenera var. chienii

authorship: (Ching) Tardieu & C.Chr.

Schizoloma chienii

authorship: (Ching) Tardieu

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI AND ASS MYA NCB THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 錢氏陵齒蕨 钱氏鳞始蕨

names: アンナンホングウシダ エダウチホングウシダ

authors: Ching

published_in: Sinensia 1: 4

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: lindsaea-cultrata

scientific: Lindsaea cultrata

authorship: (Willd.) Sw.

epithet: cultrata

preferred: necklace fern

source: usda

Adiantum cultratum

authorship: Willd.

Lindsaea attenuata

authorship: Wall.

Lindsaea intermedia

authorship: Hook.

Lindsaea nitens

authorship: Blume

Lindsaea nitida

authorship: Copel.

Lindsaea obtusa

authorship: (J.Sm.) Hook.

Lindsaea recurvata

authorship: (J.Sm. ex Hook.) Hook.

Schizoloma nitens

authorship: (Blume) Bedd.

Schizoloma recurvatum

authorship: (J.Sm. ex Hook.) T.Moore

Synaphlebium nitens

authorship: (Blume) J.Sm.

Synaphlebium propinquum

authorship: Fée

Synaphlebium recurvatum

authorship: J.Sm. ex Hook.

codes: TAI BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA CRL COO FIJ MRQ SCI TON VAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Maluku

code: MOL

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

Cook Is.

code: COO

region: South-Central Pacific

Fiji

code: FIJ

Marquesas

code: MRQ

Society Is.

code: SCI

Tonga

code: TON

Vanuatu

code: VAN

lifeform: perennial or epiphyte

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 鳞始蕨 網脈陵齒蕨


slug: lindsaea-dimorpha

scientific: Lindsaea dimorpha

epithet: dimorpha

published_in: Handb. Queensl. Ferns 19 (1874)

Lindsaea heterophylla

authorship: Prentice.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: lindsaea-ensifolia

scientific: Lindsaea ensifolia

authorship: Sw.

epithet: ensifolia

preferred: graceful necklace fern

Adiantum ensifolium

authorship: (Sw.) Poir.

Adiantum lancea

authorship: Blanco

Adiantum lanceolatum

authorship: (Labill.) Poir.

Lindsaea ensifolia var. gigantea

authorship: B.K.Nayar & Geev.

Lindsaea erecta

authorship: Mirb.

Lindsaea lanceolata

authorship: Labill.

Lindsaea membranacea

authorship: Kunze

Lindsaea pteroides

authorship: Desv.

Lindsaea rutlandia

authorship: R.D.Dixit & B.Ghosh

Lindsaea schizoloma

authorship: Ettingsh.

Lindsaea vittata

authorship: Zoll.

Schizolegnia ensifolia

authorship: (Sw.) Alston

Schizoloma ensifolium

authorship: (Sw.) J.Sm.

Schizoloma ensifolium f. griffithianum

authorship: Domin

name: Schizoloma ensifolium var. griffithianum

authorship: (Hook.) Domin

Schizoloma ensifolium var. lanceolata

authorship: (Labill.) Bonap.

Schizoloma griffithianum

authorship: (Hook.) Fée

codes: CPP GAB GHA GUI NAT MDG MAU MOZ NGA REU SEY TAN CHC CHS CHH NNS TAI AND ASS BAN BIS CBD EHM IND LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE NTA QLD WAU CRL VAN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

region: West Tropical Africa

Guinea

code: GUI

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Mauritius

code: MAU

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Réunion

code: REU

Seychelles

code: SEY

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 373 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: lindsaea-fraseri

scientific: Lindsaea fraseri

authorship: Hook.

epithet: fraseri

Schizolegnia fraseri

authorship: (Hook.) Alston

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

authors: Hook.

published_in: Sp. Fil. [W. J. Hooker] 1: 221, t.70B


slug: lindsaea-incisa

scientific: Lindsaea incisa

authorship: Prentice

epithet: incisa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Prentice


slug: lindsaea-javanensis

scientific: Lindsaea javanensis

authorship: Blume

epithet: javanensis

Lindsaea chienii var. deltoidea

authorship: (Y.C.Wu) Tagawa

Lindsaea gigantea

authorship: (Hook.) C.Chr.

Lindsaea liankwangensis

authorship: Ching

Lindsaea orbiculata var. gigantea

authorship: (Hook.) Mett. ex Kuhn

Lindsaea tenera var. gigantea

authorship: (Hook.) Holttum

Schizolegnia javanensis

authorship: (Blume) Alston

Schizoloma javanense

authorship: (Blume) Holttum

Vittaria resecta

authorship: Roxb.

codes: MDG CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI ASS BOR CBD EHM JAW LAO MLY MYA PHI SUL SUM THA VIE

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 三角葉陵齒蕨 三角葉鱗始蕨

names: サンカクホングウシダ ミヤマエダウチホングウシダ

authors: Blume

published_in: Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 219


slug: lindsaea-lancea

scientific: Lindsaea lancea

authorship: (L.) Bedd.

epithet: lancea

published_in: Ferns br. Ind. Suppl. 6: 292. 1876 ; & NPfl. 221

preferred: woodland necklace fern

Adiantum lancea

authorship: L.

Lindsaea abbottii

authorship: Brause

Lindsaea falcata var. lancea

authorship: (L.) Jenman

Lindsaea falcata var. leprieurii

authorship: (Hook.) Jenman

Lindsaea imbricata

authorship: Liebm.

Lindsaea kunzei

authorship: Moritz

Lindsaea lancea

authorship: (L.) Christ

Lindsaea lancea f. marginalis

authorship: Lindm.

Lindsaea lancea var. subtripinnata

authorship: Rosenst.

Lindsaea nitidissima

authorship: Rich.

Lindsaea pumila var. remota

authorship: Kunze

Lindsaea pusilla

authorship: Splitg.

Lindsaea trapeziformis

authorship: Dryand.

Lindsaea trapeziformis f. kunzei

authorship: Kümmerle

Pteris adiantoides

authorship: Vell.

codes: MXG MXT MXS AGE BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: lindsaea-linearis

scientific: Lindsaea linearis

authorship: Sw.

epithet: linearis

Adiantum lineare

authorship: (Sw.) Poir.

Lindsaea imbricata

authorship: Desv.

Lindsaea linearis var. cuneata

authorship: Domin

Lindsaea linearis var. trilobata

authorship: (Colenso) C.Chr.

Lindsaea lunata

authorship: Willd.

Lindsaea trilobata

authorship: Colenso

codes: CTM NSW NZN NZS QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU NWC

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

New Caledonia

code: NWC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1987 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: Sw.


slug: lindsaea-media

scientific: Lindsaea media

epithet: media

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 156 (1810)

Lindsaea subtripinnata

authorship: Copel.

Schizoloma ensifolium var. medium

authorship: (R.Br.) Domin

Schizoloma medium

authorship: Kuhn

codes: NWG NTA QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 156


slug: lindsaea-microphylla

scientific: Lindsaea microphylla

epithet: microphylla

Odontosoria microphylla

authorship: (Sw.) J.Sm.

Sphenomeris microphylla

authorship: (Sw.) Tardieu

Stenoloma lindsayoides

authorship: Fée

codes: NSW QLD VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1077 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: lindsaea-nervosa

scientific: Lindsaea nervosa

authorship: Mett.

epithet: nervosa

Lindsaea macgillivrayi

authorship: Carruth.

Lindsaea neocaledonica

authorship: Compton

New Caledonia

region: Southwestern Pacific

authors: Lindm.


slug: lindsaea-orbiculata

scientific: Lindsaea orbiculata

authorship: (Lam.) Mett. ex Kuhn

epithet: orbiculata

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 279 (1869)

Adiantum orbiculatum

authorship: Lam.

Adiantum triangulare

authorship: Poir.

Davallia trichomanoides

authorship: Bedd.

Lindsaea flabellulata

authorship: Dryand.

Lindsaea flabellulata var. dryandri

authorship: Hook.

name: Lindsaea flabellulata var. multipinnulata

Lindsaea flabellulata var. polymorpha

authorship: (Hook. & Grev.) Hook.

Lindsaea longipes

authorship: C.Chr. & Tardieu

Lindsaea orbiculata var. polymorpha

authorship: Alderw.

Lindsaea polymorpha

authorship: Wall.

authorship: Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.

Lindsaea striata

authorship: Blume

Lindsaea taiwaniana

authorship: Ching

Schizolegnia orbiculata

authorship: (Lam.) Alston

Schizoloma orbiculatum

authorship: (Lam.) Kuhn

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI BOR CBD JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA PHI SUL SUM THA VIE NTA WAU

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 638 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鐵線草 七星蕨


slug: lindsaea-prolongata

scientific: Lindsaea prolongata

epithet: prolongata

Schizolegnia prolongata

authorship: (Fourn.) Alston

Schizoloma prolongatum

authorship: (E.Fourn.) Brownlie

authorship: (E.Fourn.) Kuhn

New Caledonia

code: NWC

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 18: 334


slug: lindsaea-rufa

scientific: Lindsaea rufa

epithet: rufa

Lindsaea heterophylloides

authorship: Rosenst.

published_in: Acta Bot. Neerl. 15: 571


slug: lindsaea-trichomanoides

scientific: Lindsaea trichomanoides

epithet: trichomanoides

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 43, t.11 (1797)

Adiantum trichomanoides

authorship: (Dryand.) Poir.

Davallia cuneata

authorship: (G.Forst.) Spreng.

Lindsaea cuneata

authorship: (G.Forst.) C.Chr.

Lindsaea cuneata var. lessonii

authorship: (Bory) C.Chr.

Lindsaea lessonii

authorship: Bory

Lindsaea trichomanoides var. lessonii

authorship: (Bory) Hook.f.

Schizoloma trichomanoides

authorship: Kuhn

codes: NSW NZN NZS TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 841 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Dryand.

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 43, t.11


slug: lindsaea-viridis

scientific: Lindsaea viridis

authorship: Colenso

epithet: viridis

published_in: The Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science (1845)

Sphenomeris viridis

authorship: (Colenso) Brownlie

Stenoloma viride

authorship: (Colenso) C.Chr.

codes: NZN NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Colenso

published_in: Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2(8): 174


slug: lindsaea-yaeyamensis

scientific: Lindsaea yaeyamensis

authorship: Tagawa

epithet: yaeyamensis

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6(1): 31, f.2(C-D) (1937)

Lindsaea merrillii subsp. yaeyamensis

authorship: (Tagawa) K.U.Kramer

Lindsaea merrillii var. yaeyamensis

authorship: (Tagawa) W.C.Shieh

codes: NNS TAI

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: climbing epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 100 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 攀緣陵齒蕨 攀緣鱗始蕨

authors: Tagawa


slug: linnaea-amabilis

scientific: Linnaea amabilis

authorship: (Graebn.) Christenh.

genus: Linnaea

epithet: amabilis

family: Caprifoliaceae

preferred: beautybush

Kolkwitzia amabilis

authorship: Graebn.

Kolkwitzia amabilis var. calicina

authorship: Pamp.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 654 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Beauty-Bush Beautybush

names:
wei shi
猬實

names:
Кольквиция
Кольквиция приятная

names:
Kolkwitzie
Liebliche Kolkwitzie

names: Kolkwitzie ravissante, Linnée ravissante, Buisson de beauté

names: Кольквіція чарівна

partners:
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Augochlora pura
Bombus bimaculatus
Cyanocitta cristata
Epargyreus clarus
Hemaris diffinis
Hemaris thysbe

partners:
Blera humeralis
Dolichovespula maculata

partners:
Apis mellifera
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus

value: shrub

authors: (Graebn.) Christenh.

published_in: Phytotaxa 125(1): 28

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol KOAM80


slug: linnaea-borealis

scientific: Linnaea borealis

authorship: L.

epithet: borealis

preferred: Twinflower

english:
Twinflower
Western Twinflower
twinflower

Linnaea albiloba

authorship: Brenner

Linnaea americana f. candicans

authorship: House

Linnaea amoenula

authorship: Wittr.

Linnaea australis

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Linnaea borealis subsp. americana

authorship: (J.Forbes) Hultén

Linnaea borealis var. americana

authorship: (J.Forbes) Rehder

Linnaea borealis var. longiflora

authorship: Torr.

Linnaea longiflora

authorship: Howell

codes: UGA ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PRM SAK TCS TVA WSB CHX YAK AUT BLT BLR RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT ALU ARI BRC CAL COL CNT GNL IDA ILL INI IOW LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SDA TEN UTA VER WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Uganda

code: UGA

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

names: Ліннея північна

partners:
Apoidea
Bombus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vagans
Bombyliidae
Carposcalis confusa

partners:
Brassicogethes viridescens
Crabro
Eusphalerum
Hemaris diffinis
Lasioglossum marinense
Osmia tristella
Passaloecus
Platycheirus modestus

partners:
Bombus mixtus
Chrysotoxum
Lapposyrphus lapponicus

partners:
Metatropis rufescens
Ursus arctos
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Bombus melanopygus

partners:
Avenella flexuosa
Hieracium cfr murorum
Pleurozium schreberi
Prunus serotina
Trientalis europaea

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: linnaea-chinensis

scientific: Linnaea chinensis

authorship: A.Braun & Vatke

epithet: chinensis

Abelia aschersoniana

authorship: Rehder

Abelia chinensis var. ionandra

authorship: (Hayata) Masam.

Abelia hanceana

authorship: Mart. ex Hance

Abelia ionandra

authorship: Hayata

Abelia lipoensis

authorship: M.T.An & G.Q.Gou

Abelia rupestris

authorship: Lindl.

codes: CHC CHS NNS TAI VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 213 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
nuo mi tiao
六道木

names: Абелия китайская

names:
China-Abelie
Chinesische Abelie

names:
Abélia de Chine
Abélie de Chine

names: Աբելիա չինական

partners:
Aellopos titan
Atalopedes huron
Battus philenor
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Cephonodes hylas hylas
Colias poliographus
Danaus plexippus

partners:
Battus philenor
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Danaus plexippus
Epargyreus clarus
Epargyreus clarus clarus
Hemaris diffinis
Hemaris thysbe

partners:
Iphiclides feisthamelii
Xylocopa virginica

authors: (R.Br.) A.Braun & Vatke

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 291


slug: linnaea-spathulata

scientific: Linnaea spathulata

authorship: Graebn.

epithet: spathulata

Abelia curviflora

authorship: Nakai

Abelia sanguinea

authorship: (Makino) Makino

Abelia sanguinea var. purpurascens

authorship: Honda

Abelia spathulata

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Abelia spathulata f. colorata

authorship: (Hara & Kurosawa) H.Hara

Abelia spathulata f. micrantha

authorship: (Nakai) Okuyama

Abelia spathulata var. colorata

authorship: H.Hara & S.Kuros.

Abelia spathulata var. elliptica

authorship: Miq.

Abelia spathulata var. sanguinea

authorship: Makino

Diabelia spathulata

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein

codes: JAP KOR

Japan

code: JAP

names: ツクバネウツギ ヤエノツクバネウツギ

authors: Graebn.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(1): 142


slug: linochilus-rosmarinifolius

scientific: Linochilus rosmarinifolius

authorship: Benth.

genus: Linochilus

epithet: rosmarinifolius

codes: CLM COS PAN VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 202 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Guasgüín Romerillo

partners:
Apis mellifera
Margarornis squamiger
Mecocerculus leucophrys
Myioborus ornatus
Myiothlypis nigrocristata
Thlypopsis superciliaris

authors: Benth.

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 197

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linospadix-apetiolatus

scientific: Linospadix apetiolatus

authorship: Dowe & A.K.Irvine

genus: Linospadix

epithet: apetiolatus

family: Arecaceae

Queensland

code: QLD

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

authors: Dowe & A.K.Irvine

published_in: Principes 41(4): 215


slug: linospadix-microcaryus

scientific: Linospadix microcaryus

authorship: (Domin) Burret

epithet: microcaryus

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 331 (1935)

Bacularia microcarya

authorship: Domin

Bacularia sessilifolia

authorship: Becc.

Bacularia sessilifolia var. multisecta

authorship: Becc. ex Martelli

Linospadix sessilifolius

authorship: (Becc.) R.W.Johnson

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linospadix-monostachyus

scientific: Linospadix monostachyus

authorship: (Mart.) H.Wendl.

epithet: monostachyus

Areca monostachya

authorship: Mart.

Bacularia monostachya

authorship: (Mart.) F.Muell.

New South Wales

code: NSW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 741 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Walking stick palm
walking-stick palm

names: 单穗棕 密花轴榈

partners:
Lasioglossum musgravei
Leioproctus melanopsis

value: 2 m

authors: (Mart.) H.Wendl.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linum-adenophyllum

scientific: Linum adenophyllum

genus: Linum

epithet: adenophyllum

family: Linaceae

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  8: 624 (1873)

preferred: glandular dwarf-flax

Hesperolinon adenophyllum

authorship: (A.Gray) Small

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

names:
glandular dwarf-flax
glandular western flax

value: annual

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts viii. (1873) 624

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HEAD

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linum-aethiopicum

scientific: Linum aethiopicum

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: aethiopicum

preferred: African flax

source: wikidata

Linopsis aethiopica

authorship: Rchb.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: subshrub

names:
African flax
Garden Route Flax

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 57

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linum-africanum

scientific: Linum africanum

authorship: L.

epithet: africanum

Linopsis africana

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

Linum bartlingii

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Linum gracile

authorship: Planch.

Mesynium africanum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 437 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African Flax
Cape Flax

authors: L.


slug: linum-alatum

scientific: Linum alatum

authorship: (Small) H.J.P.Winkl.

epithet: alatum

preferred: winged flax

Cathartolinum alatum

authorship: Small

Linum berlandieri var. plotzii

authorship: Trel.

Linum spinescens

authorship: Lundell

Mesynium alatum

authorship: (Small) W.A.Weber

codes: LOU MXE TEX

Louisiana

code: LOU

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

authors: (Small) H.J.P.Winkl.

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 116


slug: linum-allredii

scientific: Linum allredii

authorship: Sivinski & M.O.Howard

epithet: allredii

codes: NWM TEX

New Mexico

code: NWM

authors: Sivinski & M.O.Howard


slug: linum-alpinum

scientific: Linum alpinum

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: alpinum

published_in: Enum. Stirp. Vindob. : 229 (1762)

Adenolinum provinciale

authorship: Fourr.

Linum alpinum f. laeve

authorship: (Scop.) Bolzon

Linum alpinum subsp. gracilius

authorship: (Bertol.) Pignatti

Linum alpinum subsp. julicum

authorship: (Hayek) Hegi

Linum alpinum subsp. montanum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Bonnier & Layens

Linum alpinum var. alpicola

authorship: Gren.

Linum alpinum var. genuinum

authorship: Rouy

Linum alpinum var. gracilius

authorship: Bertol.

Linum alpinum var. pseudomontanum

authorship: Pignatti

Linum austriacum var. alpinum

authorship: (Jacq.) Vis.

Linum bavaricum

authorship: Schult.

Linum julicum

authorship: Hayek

Linum laeve

authorship: Scop.

Linum laeve subsp. montanum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) P.Fourn.

Linum montanum

authorship: Schleich. ex DC.

authorship: Schleich.

Linum ockendonii

authorship: Greuter & Burdet

Linum perenne subsp. alpinum

authorship: (Jacq.) Stoj. & Stef.

Linum perenne subsp. montanum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Ockendon

Linum perenne var. alpinum

authorship: (Jacq.) Schiede

Linum transsilvanicum

authorship: Schur

codes: ALB AUT BUL FRA GER GRC ITA YUG SPA SWI

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 495 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Lin des Alpes, Lin saxicole, Lin d'Ockendon

partners:
Osmia aurulenta
Thymelicus lineola

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphis fabae
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus


slug: linum-appressum

scientific: Linum appressum

authorship: Caball.

epithet: appressum

published_in: Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid  4: 426 (1944)

Linum biforme subsp. suffruticosum

authorship: Bonnier & Layens

Linum milletii subsp. appressum

authorship: (Caball.) Rivas Mart.

Linum salsoloides subsp. appressum

authorship: (Caball.) Rivas Goday & Rivas Mart.

Linum suffruticosum f. glabrescens

authorship: Laguna

Linum tenuifolium var. appressum

authorship: (Caball.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

codes: FRA ITA SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 464 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lin apprimé
Lin à feuilles de Salsola

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: subshrub

authors: Caball.

published_in: Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 4: 426


slug: linum-arboreum

scientific: Linum arboreum

authorship: L.

epithet: arboreum

Linum globulariifolium

authorship: Poir.

Linum simsii

authorship: Planch.

Xantholinum arboreum

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

codes: EAI TUR GRC KRI

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Kriti

code: KRI

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

value: chamaephyte


slug: linum-aristatum

scientific: Linum aristatum

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: aristatum

published_in: Mem. Tour N. Mexico : 101 (1848)

preferred: bristle flax

Cathartolinum aristatum

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Mesynium aristatum

authorship: (Engelm.) W.A.Weber

codes: ARI COL MXE MXN NWM TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Engelm. in Wisl.

published_in: Mem. Tour N. Mexico 101

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: linum-australe

scientific: Linum australe

epithet: australe

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  25: 627 (1898)

preferred: southern flax

Cathartolinum australe

authorship: (A.Heller) Small

Linum aristatum var. australe

authorship: (A.Heller) Kearney & Peebles

Mesynium australe

authorship: (A.Heller) W.A.Weber

Mesynium australe subsp. glandulosum

authorship: (C.M.Rogers) W.A.Weber

codes: ABT ARI COL MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS MNT NEV NWM TEX UTA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
southern flax
small yellow flax

source: USDA PLANTS