slug: sclerolaena-bicornis

scientific: Sclerolaena bicornis

authorship: Lindl.

genus: Sclerolaena

epithet: bicornis

family: Chenopodiaceae

published_in: Three Exped. Australia 2: 47 (1838)

Anisacantha lanata

authorship: (Moq.) F.Muell.

Bassia bicornis

authorship: (Lindl.) F.Muell.

Chenolea bicornis

authorship: (Lindl.) F.Muell. ex Tate

Kentropsis lanata

authorship: Moq.

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
goathead burr
goatheadbur

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Three Exped. Australia [Mitchell] 2: 47, in adnot


slug: sclerolaena-birchii

scientific: Sclerolaena birchii

authorship: (F.Muell.) Domin

epithet: birchii

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Galvanised Burr

source: wikidata

Bassia birchii

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

Bassia filiformis

authorship: Ising

Sclerolaena filiformis

authorship: (Ising) A.J.Scott

Sclerolaena muricata var. birchii

authorship: (F.Muell.) Domin ex Ulbr.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA

New South Wales

continent: AUSTRALASIA

lifeform: shrub

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 143 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Galvanised Burr
Galvanised Bur

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Domin

published_in: Biblioth. Bot. lxxxix. 69 (1921)

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: sclerolaena-brachyptera

scientific: Sclerolaena brachyptera

authorship: (F.Muell.) S.W.L.Jacobs

epithet: brachyptera

Austrobassia brachyptera

authorship: (F.Muell.) Ulbr.

Bassia brachyptera

authorship: (F.Muell.) R.H.Anderson

Kochia brachyptera

authorship: (F.Muell.) Benth.

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

authors: (F.Muell.) S.W.L.Jacobs

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sclerolaena-brevifolia

scientific: Sclerolaena brevifolia

epithet: brevifolia

codes: SOA WAU

climate: desert or dry shrubland

authors: (Ising) A.J.Scott

published_in: Feddes Repert. 89(2-3): 111

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: sclerolaena-calcarata

scientific: Sclerolaena calcarata

epithet: calcarata

preferred: Redburr

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Redburr
red copperbur

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: sclerolaena-convexula

scientific: Sclerolaena convexula

authorship: (R.H.Anderson) A.J.Scott

epithet: convexula

Austrobassia convexula

authorship: (R.H.Anderson) Ulbr.

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

lifeform: perennial

authors: (R.H.Anderson) A.J.Scott

published_in: Feddes Repert. 89(2-3): 112


slug: sclerolaena-decurrens

scientific: Sclerolaena decurrens

authorship: (J.M.Black) A.J.Scott

epithet: decurrens

Austrobassia decurrens

authorship: (J.M.Black) Ulbr.

codes: NSW NTA QLD VIC

authors: (J.M.Black) A.J.Scott


slug: sclerolaena-diacantha

scientific: Sclerolaena diacantha

authorship: (Nees) Benth.

epithet: diacantha

preferred: Grey Copperburr

Anisacantha diacantha

authorship: Nees

Bassia diacantha

authorship: (Nees) F.Muell.

Kentropsis diacantha

authorship: (Nees) Moq.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Grey Copperburr
Grey Bindyi

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

authors: Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 5: 194


slug: sclerolaena-divaricata

scientific: Sclerolaena divaricata

authorship: (R.Br.) Sm.

epithet: divaricata

preferred: Tangled Copperburr

Bassia divaricata

authorship: (R.Br.) F.Muell.

codes: NSW SOA

names:
Tangled Copperburr
Tangled Bassia

authors: (R.Br.) Sm.

published_in: Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) 31 (1815)


slug: sclerolaena-lanicuspis

scientific: Sclerolaena lanicuspis

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.

epithet: lanicuspis

preferred: Woolly Copperburr

Bassia lanicuspis

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Woolly Copperburr
Copper-burr

authors: F.Muell. ex Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 5: 195

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sclerolaena-longicuspis

scientific: Sclerolaena longicuspis

authorship: (F.Muell.) A.J.Scott

epithet: longicuspis

Bassia cucullata

authorship: Ising

Sclerolaena cucullata

authorship: (Ising) A.J.Scott

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

authors: (F.Muell.) A.J.Scott

published_in: Feddes Repert. 89(2-3): 113


slug: sclerolaena-muricata

scientific: Sclerolaena muricata

authorship: (Moq.) Domin

epithet: muricata

preferred: Black Rolypoly

Anisacantha muricata var. villosa

authorship: Benth.

Bassia quinquecuspis var. villosa

authorship: (Benth.) Ewart & Tovey

Sclerolaena muricata var. gracilicuspis

authorship: (F.Muell.) Domin

lifeform: perennial or annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 206 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Black Rolypoly
Five-spined Bassia


slug: sclerolaena-obliquicuspis

scientific: Sclerolaena obliquicuspis

authorship: (R.H.Anderson) Ulbr.

epithet: obliquicuspis

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 16c: 533 (1934)

codes: NSW NTA SOA VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (R.H.Anderson) Ulbr.

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 16c: 533


slug: sclerolaena-parviflora

scientific: Sclerolaena parviflora

authorship: (R.H.Anderson) A.J.Scott

epithet: parviflora

preferred: Small-flower Bindyi

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Feddes Repert. 89(2-3): 114


slug: sclerolaena-patenticuspis

scientific: Sclerolaena patenticuspis

epithet: patenticuspis

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 16c: 534 (1934)

codes: NSW VIC WAU

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 16c: 534


slug: sclerolaena-tricuspis

scientific: Sclerolaena tricuspis

authorship: (F.Muell.) Ulbr.

epithet: tricuspis

preferred: Giant Redburr

Bassia tricuspis

authorship: (F.Muell.) R.H.Anderson

codes: NSW QLD SOA VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Giant Redburr
Giant Red Burr

authors: (F.Muell.) Ulbr.


slug: sclerolaena-uniflora

scientific: Sclerolaena uniflora

epithet: uniflora

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 410 (1810)

Sclerolaena coriacea

authorship: Moq.

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 410


slug: sclerolepis-uniflora

scientific: Sclerolepis uniflora

authorship: (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

genus: Sclerolepis

family: Asteraceae

preferred: pink bogbutton

Ethulia uniflora

authorship: Walter

Sclerolepis uniflora

authorship: (Walter) Porter

authorship: (Walter) Poiret

Sclerolepis verticillata

authorship: (Michx.) Cass.

Sparganophorus verticillatus

authorship: Michaux

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO MRY MAS NWH NWJ NCA RHO SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

North Carolina

code: NCA

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

climate: temperate

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Diploschizia impigritella
Erynnis horatius

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

authors: Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

published_in: Prelim. Cat. 25

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scleromitrion-angustifolium

scientific: Scleromitrion angustifolium

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.

genus: Scleromitrion

epithet: angustifolium

family: Rubiaceae

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc.  4: 172 (1852)

Bigelovia kleinii

authorship: Wight & Arn.

Hedyotis angustifolia

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Hedyotis approximata

authorship: R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.

Hedyotis tenelliflora var. longipes

authorship: Hatus.

Oldenlandia angustifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Scleromitrion approximatum

authorship: (R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.) Kurz

Scleromitrion sinense

authorship: Miq.

Spermacoce tubularis

authorship: R.Br. ex Wall.

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI ASS BAN MLY MYA NCB PHI THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Malaya

code: MLY

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: annual or subshrub

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 纤花耳草 細葉龍吐珠

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 172

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scleromitrion-diffusum

scientific: Scleromitrion diffusum

authorship: (Willd.) R.J.Wang

epithet: diffusum

Hedyotis diffusa

authorship: Willd.

Hedyotis diffusa var. extensa

authorship: (Hook.f.) R.Dutta

Hedyotis diffusa var. longipes

authorship: Nakai

Hedyotis polygonoides

authorship: Wall.

Hedyotis radicans

authorship: Bartl. ex DC.

Hedyotis ramosissima

authorship: Kurz

name: Oldenlandia angustifolia var. pedicellata

Oldenlandia corymbosa var. uniflora

authorship: (Benth.) Masam.

Oldenlandia diffusa

authorship: (Willd.) Roxb.

Oldenlandia herbacea var. uniflora

authorship: Benth.

Oldenlandia pauciflora

authorship: Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR NNS TAI AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LSI MLY MYA NEP NCB PHI SRL SUM THA VIE

Korea

code: KOR

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: หมากดิบน้ำค้าง

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scleromitrion-galioides

scientific: Scleromitrion galioides

authorship: (F.Muell.) K.L.Gibbons

epithet: galioides

Hedyotis tenuifolia

authorship: Sm.

Oldenlandia galioides

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

codes: NWG NTA QLD WAU FIJ NWC VAN

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

Fiji

code: FIJ

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Vanuatu

code: VAN

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life form

value: therophyte

value: annual

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jan-May

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

authors: (F.Muell.) K.L.Gibbons

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scleromitrion-koanum

scientific: Scleromitrion koanum

authorship: (R.J.Wang) R.J.Wang

epithet: koanum

codes: CHS CHH

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

names: 蕴璋耳草 蘊璋耳草

value: chamaephyte

authors: (R.J.Wang) R.J.Wang

published_in: J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 22(5): 440


slug: scleromitrion-verticillatum

scientific: Scleromitrion verticillatum

authorship: (L.) R.J.Wang

epithet: verticillatum

preferred: whorled oldenlandia

source: usda

Hedyotis crassifolia

authorship: Blume

Hedyotis hirta

authorship: Ridl.

Hedyotis hispida

authorship: Retz.

Hedyotis verticillata

authorship: (L.) Lam.

Hedyotis verticillata var. bartlettii

authorship: Fosberg & Sachet

Hedyotis verticillata var. scaberrima

authorship: Hatus.

Hedyotis wallichii

authorship: Walp.

Oldenlandia hispida

authorship: (Retz.) Lam.

Oldenlandia verticillata

authorship: L.

Scleromitrion crassifolium

authorship: Miq.

Scleromitrion hispidum

authorship: (Retz.) Korth.

codes: CHC CHS CHH KZN NNS TAI ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO MLY MOL MYA NEP NCB PHI SUL SUM THA VIE WHM CRL GIL

China South-Central

code: CHC

Kazan-retto

code: KZN

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sclerophylax-kurtzii

scientific: Sclerophylax kurtzii

authorship: Di Fulvio

genus: Sclerophylax

epithet: kurtzii

family: Solanaceae

published_in: Kurtziana 1: 88, fig. 33E-H. 1961

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

authors: Di Fulvio

published_in: Kurtziana 1: 88, fig. 33E-H


slug: sclerophylax-spinescens

scientific: Sclerophylax spinescens

authorship: Miers

epithet: spinescens

codes: AGE PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Склерофилакс слабоколючий

label: Flower colour

value: white

value: Feb-May

value: berry

authors: Miers

published_in: London J. Bot. 7: 19


slug: scleropodium-obtusifolium

scientific: Scleropodium obtusifolium

authorship: (Mitt.) Kindb.

genus: Scleropodium

epithet: obtusifolium

family: Brachytheciaceae

published_in: Cat. Canad. Pl., Musci: 202. 1892.

preferred: obtuseleaf scleropodium moss

name: Brachythecium illecebrum var. obtusifolium

authorship: (Mitt.) G.N.Jones

Hypnum obtusifolium

authorship: Drumm.

Rhynchostegium obtusifolium

authorship: (Mitt.) A.Jaeger

Sciaromium obtusifolium

authorship: (Mitt.) Renauld & Cardot

name: Scleropodium illecebrum var. obtusifolium

name: Scleropodium obtusifolium var. homomallum

authorship: Grout

Stereodon obtusifolius

authorship: Mitt.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 255 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: nonvascular

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: scleropodium-touretii

scientific: Scleropodium touretii

authorship: (Brid.) L.F.Koch

epithet: touretii

preferred: Touret's scleropodium moss

english:
Touret's scleropodium moss
glass-wort feather-moss

Brachythecium ambiguum

authorship: De Not.

Brachythecium colpophyllum

authorship: (Sull.) Kindb.

Brachythecium cymbifolium

authorship: Dixon & Sainsbury

Brachythecium illecebrum

authorship: (Brid.) De Not.

Cirriphyllum illecebrum f. teneriffae

authorship: (Cardot & H.Winter) Düll

Eurhynchium colpophyllum

authorship: Sull.

Eurhynchium illecebrum

authorship: (Brid.) Milde

Eurhynchium macounii

authorship: Kindb.

Hypnum blandum

authorship: Lyell

Hypnum colpophyllum

authorship: (Sull.) Lesq. & James

Hypnum illecebrum

authorship: L. ex Brid.

Hypnum illecebrum var. minus

authorship: Bruch ex Bayrh.

Hypnum illecebrum var. touretii

authorship: (Brid.) Brid.

Hypnum purum var. illecebrum

authorship: Brid.

Hypnum vermiculare

authorship: Chevall.

Rhynchostegium illecebrum

authorship: (Brid.) Delogne

Rhynchostegium winteri

authorship: Cardot

Scleropodium ambiguum

authorship: (De Not.) A.Jaeger

Scleropodium australe

authorship: Hedenäs

Scleropodium colpophyllum

authorship: (Sull.) Grout

name: Scleropodium colpophyllum var. attenuatum

name: Scleropodium colpophyllum var. flagelliforme

Scleropodium illecebrum

authorship: (Brid.) Schimp.

Scleropodium illecebrum f. minus

authorship: (Bruch ex Bayrh.) Mönk.

Scleropodium illecebrum f. piliferum

authorship: (De Not.) Mönk.

name: Scleropodium illecebrum var. complanatum

authorship: Thér.

Scleropodium illecebrum var. decipiens

authorship: Bott.

name: Scleropodium illecebrum var. latinervium

authorship: Zodda

Scleropodium illecebrum var. minus

authorship: (Bruch ex Bayrh.) Limpr.

Scleropodium illecebrum var. piliferum

authorship: (De Not.) Paris

name: Scleropodium illecebrum var. spininervium

Scleropodium illecebrum var. teneriffae

authorship: Cardot & H.Winter

Scleropodium macounii

authorship: (Kindb.) Paris

Scleropodium touretii f. complanatum

authorship: (Thér.) Podp.

Scleropodium touretii f. minus

authorship: (Bruch ex Bayrh.) Podp.

Scleropodium touretii f. piliferum

authorship: (De Not.) Podp.

Scleropodium touretii f. tenue

authorship: (P.Allorge) Podp.

Scleropodium touretii var. colpophyllum

authorship: (Sull.) E.Lawton ex H.A.Crum

Scleropodium touretii var. decipiens

authorship: (Bott.) Podp.

Scleropodium touretii var. latinervium

authorship: (Zodda) Podp.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
glass-wort feather-moss
Touret's scleropodium moss

names: Склероподиум Турета


slug: scleropogon-brevifolius

scientific: Scleropogon brevifolius

authorship: Phil.

genus: Scleropogon

epithet: brevifolius

family: Poaceae

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 36: 206 (1870)

preferred: burrograss

Festuca macrostachya

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Scleropogon karwinskyanus

authorship: (E.Fourn.) Benth. ex S.Watson

Scleropogon longisetus

authorship: Beetle

Tricuspis monstra

authorship: Munro ex Hemsl.

codes: ARI CAL COL MXC MXG MXE MXN NWM OKL TEX UTA AGW

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
burrograss
burro grass

names:
Cola de zorra
zacate de burro

names: സ്ക്ലിറോപോഗൺ

partners:
Ageneotettix deorum
Aulocara femoratum
Boopedon nubilum
Leprus intermedius
Philbostroma quadrimaculatum
Psoloessa texana
Syrbula montezuma
Trachyrhachys kiowa

value: graminoid

source: derived from USDA NRCS fact sheet

quote: Burrograss is a native, warm-season, weak, stoloniferous perennial.

value: hemicryptophyte

quote: The height ranges from 4 to 8 inches.

value: Growth starts in May or June and the seedheads appear 3 to 4 weeks later.


slug: scleropyrum-pentandrum

scientific: Scleropyrum pentandrum

authorship: (Dennst.) Mabb.

genus: Scleropyrum

epithet: pentandrum

family: Santalaceae

Antidesma parasiticum

authorship: Dillwyn

Heydia horrida

authorship: Dennst.

Pyrularia moschifera

authorship: (Blume) A.DC.

Scleropyrum moschiferum

authorship: (Blume) S.Moore

Scleropyrum ridleyi

authorship: Gamble

Scleropyrum wallichianum

authorship: (Wight & Arn.) Arn.

Sphaerocarya moschifera

authorship: Blume

Sphaerocarya wallichiana

authorship: Wight & Arn.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CHC CHS CHH CBD IND JAW LAO MLY MYA NWG SRL THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

partners:
Macaca mulatta
Maxomys surifer
Muntiacus muntjack
Niviventer confucianus
Niviventer fulvescens
Nycticebus bengalensis
Paguma larvata

value: tree

value: woody

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen


slug: sclerotheca-viridiflora

scientific: Sclerotheca viridiflora

authorship: Cheeseman

genus: Sclerotheca

epithet: viridiflora

family: Campanulaceae

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 6: 285 (1901)

Cook Is.

code: COO

region: South-Central Pacific

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Cheeseman

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 6(6): 285


slug: scoliopus-bigelovii

scientific: Scoliopus bigelovii

authorship: Torr.

genus: Scoliopus

epithet: bigelovii

family: Liliaceae

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot.  4(5; 4): 145 (1857)

preferred: California fetid adderstongue

source: inat

California

code: CAL

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1957 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
California fetid adderstongue
California fetid adder's tongue

names: Сколиопус Бигелоу

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: geophyte

value: perennial

authors: Torr.

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: scoliopus-hallii

scientific: Scoliopus hallii

epithet: hallii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  14: 272 (1879)

preferred: Oregon fetid adderstongue

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 200 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 272


slug: scolochloa-festucacea

scientific: Scolochloa festucacea

authorship: (Willd.) Link

genus: Scolochloa

epithet: festucacea

preferred: common rivergrass

Aira arundinacea

authorship: Lilj.

Arundo festucacea

authorship: Willd.

Donax borealis

authorship: Trin.

Donax festucaceus

authorship: (Willd.) P.Beauv.

Festuca borealis

authorship: (Trin.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Festuca donacina

authorship: Wahlenb.

Fluminia arundinacea

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) Fr.

Fluminia festucacea

authorship: (Willd.) Hitchc.

Graphephorum arundinaceum

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) Asch.

Graphephorum festucaceum

authorship: (Willd.) A.Gray

Schedonorus arundinaceus

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Scolochloa arundinacea

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) MacMill.

Scolochloa festucacea f. artistata

authorship: Holmb.

Scolochloa marchica

authorship: M.Duvel, Ristow, H.Scholz

Sieglingia festucacea

authorship: (Willd.) Jess.

Triodia festucacea

authorship: (Willd.) Roth

codes: ALT CTA CHI IRK KAZ KRA CHM MON TCS TVA TUR WSB YAK BLT BLR RUC RUE FIN GER RUN RUW POL RUS SWE UKR ASK ABT BRC IDA IOW KAN MAN MIN MNT NEB NDA NWT ORE SAS SDA WYO YUK

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Baltic States

code: BLT

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

Germany

code: GER

region: Middle Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Тростянка овсяницевидная

names:
Gewöhnliches Schwingelschilf
Gewöhnlicher Schwingelschilf

names: Тростяниця кострицевидна

partners:
Pyricularia grisea
Stagonospora arenaria

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: scolopia-braunii

scientific: Scolopia braunii

authorship: (Klotzsch) Sleumer

genus: Scolopia

epithet: braunii

family: Salicaceae

preferred: Brown Birch

english:
Brown Birch
Flintwood
Mountain Cherry
Scolopia

Adenogyrus braunii

authorship: Klotzsch

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 443 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
Brown Birch
Flintwood

partners:
Cupha prosope
Aspidiotus nerii
Dendrothrips williamsi
Leeuwenia scolopiae
Lepidosaphes ulmi
Netrocoryne repanda

authors: (Klotzsch) Sleumer


slug: scolopia-crenata

scientific: Scolopia crenata

authorship: (Wight & Arn.) Clos

epithet: crenata

Phoberos acuminatus

authorship: Gardner ex Thwaites

Phoberos crenatus

authorship: Wight & Arn.

Phoberos saevus

authorship: Hance

Scolopia pseudocrenata

authorship: Clos

codes: IND SRL

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

authors: Clos

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 8: 250


slug: scolopia-mundii

scientific: Scolopia mundii

authorship: (Nees) Warb.

epithet: mundii

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 29 (1893)

Eriudaphus mundii

authorship: (Haw. & Sond.) Nees

Eriudaphus serratus

authorship: Harv.

Phoberos mundii

authorship: (Nees) Arn.

Rhamnicastrum mundtii

authorship: Kuntze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cockspur Redpear
Michell Wood

names: Bergsaffraan Bergsaffraanhout

names: litabhane umthabane

names: iqumza isinqandazembe

names: ihlambahlale ingqumuza

value: shrub

authors: (Nees) Warb.

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 3(6a): 29


slug: scolopia-oldhamii

scientific: Scolopia oldhamii

epithet: oldhamii

codes: CHS NNS TAI PHI

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 558 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾箣柊 魯花樹

partners:
Cupha erymanthis
Phalanta phalantha

authors: Hance

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 5: 206

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scolopia-saeva

scientific: Scolopia saeva

epithet: saeva

Scolopia cinnamomifolia

authorship: Gagnep.

Scolopia henryi

authorship: Sleumer

codes: CHC CHS CHH VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Hainan

code: CHH

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 广东箣柊 珍珠箣柊

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 18: 217

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: scolopia-zeyheri

scientific: Scolopia zeyheri

authorship: (Nees) Szyszył.

epithet: zeyheri

published_in: Polypet. Thalam. Rehmann. 19 (1887).

Eriudaphus ecklonii

authorship: Nees

Phoberos ecklonii

authorship: (Nees) Arn. ex C.Presl

Sapium drummondii

authorship: Jacques

Scolopia dekindtiana

authorship: Gilg

Scolopia ecklonii

authorship: (Nees) Harv.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 476 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scolymus-grandiflorus

scientific: Scolymus grandiflorus

authorship: Desf.

genus: Scolymus

epithet: grandiflorus

published_in: Méd. Eclairée Sci. Phys. 1(11): 324 (1791)

Myscolus megacephalus

authorship: Cass.

Scolymus hispanicus subsp. grandiflorus

authorship: (Desf.) P.Fourn.

codes: ALG CNY LBY MOR TUN EAI LBS BAL COR FRA ITA SAR SIC TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 205 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

value: yellow

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: scolymus-hispanicus

scientific: Scolymus hispanicus

authorship: L.

epithet: hispanicus

preferred: Spanish oyster thistle

english:
Spanish oyster thistle
common golden thistle
common goldenthistle

Scolymus aggregatus

authorship: Ruch.

Scolymus congestus

authorship: Lam.

Scolymus gymnospermus

authorship: Gaertn.

Scolymus hispanicus var. aggregatus

authorship: (Ruch.) F.M.Vázquez

Scolymus hispanicus var. aurantiacus

authorship: Maire

Scolymus perennis

authorship: Gerard

Scolymus theophrasti

authorship: Bubani

Scolymus vivax

authorship: Sauvages ex DC.

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE UKR

Azores

code: AZO

Egypt

code: EGY

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
سْكوليمُس إسْباني
شَوْكَة صَفْراء

names: Сколимус испанский

names: Сколiмус iспанський

names:
חוֹחַ סְפָרַדִּי
חוח ספרדי

names:
Ασκόλυμπρος
Σκόλυμος ο Ισπανικός

partners:
Anthidiellum strigatum luteum
Eoanthidium insulare
Habropoda tarsata
Halictus brunnescens
Halictus resurgens
Halictus scabiosae
Lasioglossum malachurum
Mylabris quadripunctata

partners:
Apis mellifera
Halictus scabiosae
Acmaeoderella adspersula
Anthaxia millefolii
Anthidium cingulatum
Cacyreus marshalli
Campsomeriella thoracica
Cochlicella barbara

partners:
Anthidium cingulatum
Campsomeriella thoracica
Carpocoris mediterraneus
Carpocoris mediterraneus atlanticus
Coccinella septempunctata
Deraeocoris schach
Empusa pennata
Eucera elongatula

partners:
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Anthidium cingulatum
Dasypoda visnaga
Homo
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Pyronia cecilia
Pyropteron chrysidiformis
Sceliphron caementarium


slug: scolymus-maculatus

scientific: Scolymus maculatus

epithet: maculatus

preferred: spotted goldenthistle

Scolymus annuus

authorship: Gérard

Scolymus paniculatus

authorship: Ucria

codes: ALG CNY EGY ERI ETH LBY MDR MOR SUD TUN CYP EAI IRQ LBS PAL TUR BAL BUL FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Baleares

code: BAL

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 570 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
spotted goldenthistle
Spotted Golden Thistle

names:
سكوليمس مبقع
سْكوليمُس مُبَقَّع

names: Сколимус пятнистый

names: Scolyme maculé, Scolyme taché, Scolyme tacheté

names:
Benekli Altındiken
Çizgili Şevketibostan

names: Сколiмус плямистий

names:
חוֹחַ עָקֹד
חוח עקוד

names: Петнист сколимус


slug: scoparia-dulcis

scientific: Scoparia dulcis

genus: Scoparia

epithet: dulcis

family: Plantaginaceae

preferred: licorice weed

Ambulia micrantha

authorship: (Nutt.) Raf.

Capraria dulcis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Capraria dulcis var. albiflora

authorship: Kuntze

Gratiola micrantha

authorship: Nutt.

Scoparia dulcis var. abrahamii

authorship: S.N.Pardeshi & Srinivasu

Scoparia dulcis var. australiensis

authorship: Domin

Scoparia dulcis var. tenuifolia

authorship: Griseb.

Scoparia fruticosa

authorship: Rottb.

Scoparia grandiflora

authorship: Nash

Scoparia gypsophyloides

authorship: Walp.

Scoparia procumbens

authorship: Jacq.

Scoparia purpurea

authorship: Ridl.

Scoparia ternata

authorship: Forssk.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI SCA TEX AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SWC SUR TRT URU VEN VNA WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1953 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

partners:
Entedon cionobius
Lisseurytoma violaceitincta
Marietta karakalensis
Megachile albitarsis
Chilades lajus
Macromesus javensis
Megachile malimbana
Nomia bouyssoui

partners:
Apis florea
Chilades lajus
Nomia westwoodi


slug: scoparia-mexicana

scientific: Scoparia mexicana

epithet: mexicana

codes: MXT MXS

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: scoparia-montevidensis

scientific: Scoparia montevidensis

authorship: (Spreng.) R.E.Fr.

epithet: montevidensis

preferred: broomwort

source: wikidata

Capraria annua

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Capraria montevidensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Kuntze

Microcarpaea montevidensis

authorship: Spreng.

Scoparia annua

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Scoparia brasiliensis

authorship: Chodat

Scoparia flava

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Scoparia flava var. glandulifera

authorship: Fritsch

Scoparia glandulifera

authorship: (Fritsch) Descole & Borsini

Scoparia montevidensis f. integrifolia

authorship: Arechav.

name: Scoparia montevidensis var. glandulifera

authorship: (Fritsch) R.E.Fr.

Scoparia montevidensis var. grisebachii

authorship: (Fritsch) Chodat

Scoparia montevidensis var. intermedia

authorship: (Kuntze) Chodat

name: Scoparia montevidensis var. millefoliata

Scoparia montevidensis var. neglecta

authorship: (R.E.Fr.) Chodat

Scoparia neglecta var. intermedia

authorship: (Kuntze) R.E.Fr.

codes: MXC MXG MXS AGE AGW ARU BOL BZN BZS BZC ELS GUA HON NLA NIC PAR URU VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 267 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: scopelogena-verruculata

scientific: Scopelogena verruculata

authorship: (L.) L.Bolus ex Klak

genus: Scopelogena

epithet: verruculata

family: Aizoaceae

Lampranthus verruculatus

authorship: (L.) L.Bolus

Mesembryanthemum verruculatum

authorship: L.

Ruschia verruculata

authorship: (L.) G.D.Rowley

Scopelogena verreculata

authorship: (L.) L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

authors: (L.) L.Bolus ex Klak

published_in: S. African J. Bot. 158: 467

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scopolia-carniolica

scientific: Scopolia carniolica

authorship: Jacq.

genus: Scopolia

epithet: carniolica

preferred: European scopolia

Scopolia carniolica var. hladnikiana

authorship: (Frey ex W.D.J.Koch) Nyman

Scopolia hladnikiana

authorship: Fleischm. ex Nyman

Scopolia trichotoma

authorship: Moench

Scopolia tubiflora

authorship: Kreyer

Scopolina atropoides

authorship: Schult.

Scopolina carniolica

authorship: (Jacq.) Kuntze

authorship: (Jacq.) Schur

Scopolina hladnikiana

authorship: Frey ex W.D.J.Koch

codes: NCS TCS AUT BLT CZE HUN ITA YUG POL ROM UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

Atropine

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic Anhydrotic Antianoxic Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic Antibradycardic

Scopolamine

activities: Allergenic Amnesigenic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiMeniere's Antianoxic Antiasthmatic Anticholinergic

Hyoscyamine

activities:
Analgesic
Anticholinergic
Antidote (Anticholinesterase)
Antiemetic
Antiherpetic
Antimeasles
Antimuscarinic
Antineuralgic

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Aesculetin

activities: 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic? Antibacterial Anticapillary-Fragility Antidysenteric

Chlorogenic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiatherosclerotic

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Esculetin

activities: 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic? Antibacterial Anticapillary-Fragility Antidysenteric Antiescherichic

Scopoletin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiadrenergic Antiaflatoxin Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic

Solanidine

activities: Anticholinesterase Antifeedant Pesticide Teratogenic Toxic

names:
European scopolia
henbane bell

names: Скополия карниолийская

names: Klokbilzenkruid klokbilzekruid

names: Скополія карніолійська

names: dårört skopolia

names: euroopanskopolia skopolia

names:
kranjska bunika
kranjski volčič

value: Apr


slug: scopolia-japonica

scientific: Scopolia japonica

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: japonica

published_in: Bull. Acad. Petersb. 18; 57. 1873.

Scopolina japonica

authorship: (Maxim.) Kuntze

codes: JAP KOR

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 东莨菪 賽茛菪

names: ハシリドコロ 走野老

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xviii. (1873) 57


slug: scopulophila-rixfordii

scientific: Scopulophila rixfordii

authorship: (Brandegee) Munz & I.M.Johnst.

genus: Scopulophila

epithet: rixfordii

family: Caryophyllaceae

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 351 (1922 publ. 1923)

preferred: Rixford's rockwort

codes: ARI CAL NEV

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Rixford's rockwort
Rixford rockwort

source: GIFT

authors: (Brandegee) Munz & I.M.Johnst.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 351


slug: scorpidium-cossonii

scientific: Scorpidium cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Hedenäs

genus: Scorpidium

epithet: cossonii

family: Scorpidiaceae

preferred: Cosson's limprichtia moss

Amblystegium intermedium

authorship: Lindb.

Amblystegium intermedium f. arcticum

authorship: (Sanio) Arnell

Amblystegium intermedium var. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen

Amblystegium revolvens var. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen

Amblystegium revolvens var. intermedium

authorship: (Lindb.) Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen

Drepanocladus cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Loeske

Drepanocladus exannulatus var. polaris

authorship: Bryhn

Drepanocladus intermedius

authorship: (Lindb.) Warnst.

Drepanocladus intermedius f. exalaris

authorship: Herzog

Drepanocladus intermedius var. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Warnst.

Drepanocladus intermedius var. fallax

authorship: Loeske

name: Drepanocladus intermedius var. purpurascens

authorship: Osterwald ex Warnst.

Drepanocladus intermedius var. robustus

authorship: G.Roth & Bock

Drepanocladus revolvens f. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Mönk.

Drepanocladus revolvens subsp. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Podp.

name: Drepanocladus revolvens subsp. intermedius

authorship: (Lindb.) Grout

name: Drepanocladus revolvens var. intermedius

Drepanocladus vernicosus var. molle

authorship: Röll

Harpidium intermedium

authorship: (Lindb.) C.E.O.Jensen

Hypnum aduncum var. tenue

authorship: Turner

Hypnum cossonii

authorship: Schimp.

Hypnum cossonii subsp. rigidum

authorship: (Kindb.) Kindb.

Hypnum intermedium f. purpureum

authorship: Sanio

Hypnum intermedium subsp. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Kindb.

authorship: (Schimp.) Sanio

Hypnum intermedium var. aristatum

authorship: Kindb.

Hypnum intermedium var. giganteum

authorship: Limpr.

Hypnum intermedium var. purpureum

authorship: (Sanio) Sanio

Hypnum rabenhorstii

authorship: Molendo

Hypnum revolvens subsp. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Renauld

Hypnum revolvens subsp. intermedium

authorship: (Lindb.) Renauld

Hypnum revolvens var. intermedium

authorship: Lesq. & James

Hypnum vernicosum var. cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) Prahl

Limprichtia cossonii

authorship: (Schimp.) L.E.Anderson, H.A.Crum & W.R.Buck

Limprichtia intermedia

authorship: (Lindb.) Loeske

Limprichtia revolvens var. tenuis

authorship: (Turner) Ochyra & Żarnowiec

Stereodon aduncus var. tenuis

authorship: (Turner) Brid.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Intermediate Hook-moss
Cosson's Hook Moss

names: Скорпидиум Коссона

names:
Mittleres Sichelmoos
Mittleres Skorpionsmoos

names: brunmakkmose brun-klomose

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol LICO16

license: public domain


slug: scorpidium-revolvens

scientific: Scorpidium revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) Rubers

epithet: revolvens

published_in: Nederl. Bladmoss.: 380. 1989.

preferred: limprichtia moss

Amblystegium intermedium f. brunneum

authorship: (Sanio) Arnell

Amblystegium intermedium var. revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) Venturi & Bott.

Amblystegium revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) De Not.

name: Drepanocladus intermedius var. islandicus

authorship: Meyl.

name: Drepanocladus lycopodioides var. miquelonensis

authorship: (Renauld & Cardot) Mönk.

Drepanocladus revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) Warnst.

Drepanocladus revolvens f. gracilescens

authorship: Mönk.

name: Drepanocladus revolvens var. miquelonensis

authorship: (Renauld & Cardot) Grout

Harpidium revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) C.E.O.Jensen

Hypnum aduncum var. ambiguum

authorship: Schrad. ex Rabenh.

Hypnum aduncum var. revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) Blandow

Hypnum intermedium var. revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) Sanio

Hypnum lycopodioides var. miquelonense

authorship: Renauld ex Paris

Hypnum revolvens

authorship: Sw.

Hypnum revolvens f. brunneum

authorship: (Sanio) Broeck

Hypnum revolvens var. brunneum

authorship: (Sanio) Broeck ex Wijk, Margad. & Florsch.

Hypnum revolvens var. subauriculatum

authorship: Renauld

Hypnum scorpioides var. miquelonense

authorship: Renauld & Cardot

Hypnum xerampelinum

authorship: Vill. ex Brid.

Limprichtia revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) Loeske

name: Scorpidium scorpioides var. miquelonense

Stereodon aduncus var. revolvens

authorship: (Sw.) Brid.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Limprichtia Moss
Rusty Hook-moss

names: Скорпидиум отвёрнутый

names:
hypne roulé
scorpidie rouge violacé

names:
Purper schorpioenmos
klein schorpioenmos

names: prakt-krokmossa praktkrokmossa

names:
Rød krumblad
Rød seglmos

names: brun-klomose rødmakkmose

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

note: common name, checklist symbol LIRE13


slug: scorpidium-scorpioides

scientific: Scorpidium scorpioides

authorship: (Hedw.) Limpr.

epithet: scorpioides

preferred: hooked scorpion-moss

english:
hooked scorpion-moss
sausage moss
scorpidium moss

Amblystegium scorpioides

authorship: (Hedw.) Lindb.

Amblystegium sendtneri var. hamatum

authorship: (Schimp.) Braithw.

Amblystegium wilsonii var. hamatum

authorship: (Schimp.) Lindb.

Calliergon scorpioides

authorship: (Hedw.) Kindb.

Calliergon subturgescens

authorship: Kindb.

Drepanocladus aduncus var. hamatum

authorship: (Schimp.) Grout

Drepanocladus scorpioides

authorship: (Hedw.) Warnst.

Drepanocladus scorpioides f. rugulosus

authorship: Warnst.

Drepanocladus scorpioides f. suffocatus

authorship: P.de la Varde

name: Drepanocladus scorpioides var. gracilescens

authorship: (Sanio) Warnst.

name: Drepanocladus scorpioides var. pratensis

authorship: (Schiffn.) Ambrož

Drepanocladus sendtneri subf. hamatus

authorship: (Schimp.) Mönk.

Drepanocladus sendtneri var. hamatus

authorship: (Schimp.) Warnst.

Drepanocladus wilsonii var. hamatus

authorship: (Schimp.) G.Roth

Fontinalis turfacea

authorship: Herzog

Hypnum aduncum var. hamatum

authorship: Schimp.

Hypnum crassum

authorship: Schumach.

Hypnum lycopodioides var. hamatum

authorship: (Schimp.) Renauld

Hypnum scorpioides

authorship: Hedw.

Hypnum scorpioides unranked julaceum

authorship: Sanio

Hypnum scorpioides var. submersum

authorship: Torka

Hypnum sendtneri var. hamatum

authorship: (Schimp.) Dixon

Hypnum wilsonii var. hamatum

authorship: (Schimp.) Limpr.

Scorpidium scorpioides f. angustifolium

authorship: (Sanio) Podp.

Scorpidium scorpioides f. cuspidatum

authorship: (Meyl.) Podp.

Scorpidium scorpioides f. gracilescens

authorship: (Sanio) Demaret

Scorpidium scorpioides f. julaceum

authorship: (Sanio) Mönk.

Scorpidium scorpioides f. ochraceoides

authorship: (Kindb.) C.E.O.Jensen

Scorpidium scorpioides f. pratense

authorship: (Schiffn.) Podp.

name: Scorpidium scorpioides var. angustifolium

authorship: (Sanio) Wheldon

Scorpidium scorpioides var. cuspidatum

authorship: Meyl.

name: Scorpidium scorpioides var. gracilescens

authorship: (Sanio) Limpr.

name: Scorpidium scorpioides var. ochraceoides

authorship: (Kindb.) Limpr.

Scorpidium scorpioides var. pratense

authorship: Schiffn.

name: Scorpidium scorpioides var. venezuelense

Scorpidium turfaceum

authorship: (Herzog) Herzog

Stereodon scorpioides

authorship: (Hedw.) Brid.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 158 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hooked scorpion-moss
sausage moss

names: Скорпидиум скорпионовидный

names:
hypne scorpion
scorpidie scorpion

names: Скорпідій скорпіоноподібний

names: korvskorpionmossa kärr-klomossa

names:
Skorpionmos
Stor skorpionmos

names: makkmose stormakkmose

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: scorpiurium-circinatum

scientific: Scorpiurium circinatum

authorship: (Brid.) M.Fleisch. & Loeske

genus: Scorpiurium

epithet: circinatum

Alsia circinata

authorship: (Brid.) Kindb.

Eurhynchium circinatum

authorship: (Brid.) Schimp.

Eurhynchium circinatum var. gracilius

authorship: Podp.

Eurhynchium circinatum var. sylvaticum

authorship: (Brizi) Limpr.

Hypnum circinatum

authorship: Brid.

Hypnum circinatum f. attenuatum

authorship: Boulay

Hypnum grevillei

authorship: Rabenh.

Hypnum leskea

authorship: Grev.

Hypnum mediterraneum

authorship: Sendtn.

Hypnum strigosum var. circinatum

authorship: (Brid.) Brid.

Hypnum strigosum var. minus

authorship: De Not.

Leskea distans

authorship: (Brid.) De Not.

Leskea heldreichii

authorship: Fehln.

Pancovia circinata

authorship: (Brid.) Piré

Pseudoleskea circinata

authorship: (Brid.) Lindb.

name: Rhynchostegium circinatum var. sylvaticum

authorship: Brizi

Scorpiurium circinatum f. attenuatum

authorship: (Boulay) Podp.

Scorpiurium circinatum f. spelaeorum

authorship: (Latzel) Podp.

Scorpiurium circinatum var. attenuatum

authorship: (Boulay) Bott.

Scorpiurium circinatum var. gracilius

authorship: (Podp.) Pavletić

Scorpiurium circinatum var. spelaeorum

authorship: Latzel

Scorpiurium circinatum var. sylvaticum

authorship: (Brizi) Latzel

Thamnium alopecurum var. decipiens

authorship: Corb.

Thamnium cossyrense var. melitense

authorship: Bott.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Скорпиурум закрученный

names:
Eingekrümmtes Skorpionsspitzenmoos
Kreisförmiges Scopionsschwanzmoos


slug: scorpiurus-muricatus

scientific: Scorpiurus muricatus

authorship: L.

genus: Scorpiurus

epithet: muricatus

family: Fabaceae

preferred: prickly scorpion's-tail

Scorpioides elegans

authorship: Bubani

Scorpioides muricata

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Scorpiurus acutifolius

authorship: Viv.

Scorpiurus echinata

authorship: Lam.

Scorpiurus echinatus prol. subvillosus

authorship: (L.) Samp.

Scorpiurus echinatus var. laevigatus

authorship: Samp.

Scorpiurus echinatus var. subvillosus

authorship: (L.) Brot.

authorship: Brot.

Scorpiurus laevigata

authorship: Sm.

Scorpiurus laevigatus var. glaberrimus

authorship: Maire

Scorpiurus minimus

authorship: Losinsk.

Scorpiurus muricatus subsp. laevigatus

authorship: (Sm.) Thell.

Scorpiurus muricatus subsp. subvillosus

authorship: (L.) Thell.

Scorpiurus muricatus subvar. eriocarpus

authorship: (Godr.) Thell.

Scorpiurus muricatus var. acutifolius

authorship: (Viv.) Kuntze

name: Scorpiurus muricatus var. breviaculeatus

authorship: (Batt.) Thell.

Scorpiurus muricatus var. eriocarpus

authorship: (Godr.) Briq.

Scorpiurus muricatus var. laevigatus

authorship: (Sm.) Boiss.

Scorpiurus muricatus var. margaritae

authorship: (P.Palau) E.Domínguez & E.F.Galiano

Scorpiurus muricatus var. subvillosus

authorship: (L.) Fiori

authorship: (L.) Lam.

Scorpiurus subvillosus subsp. sulcatus

authorship: (L.) Hayek

authorship: (L.) Bonnier

name: Scorpiurus subvillosus subvar. eriocarpus

authorship: (Godr.) Rouy

authorship: Rouy

Scorpiurus subvillosus var. acutifolius

authorship: (Viv.) Burnat

name: Scorpiurus subvillosus var. angustifolius

authorship: Pau

name: Scorpiurus subvillosus var. breviaculeatus

authorship: Batt.

Scorpiurus subvillosus var. eriocarpus

authorship: Moris

authorship: Godr.

Scorpiurus subvillosus var. laevigatus

authorship: (Sm.) E.Domínguez & E.F.Galiano

Scorpiurus sulcatus subsp. laevigatus

authorship: (Sm.) Batt.

Scorpiurus sulcatus subsp. muricatus

authorship: (L.) Batt.

Scorpiurus sulcatus subsp. subvillosus

authorship: (L.) Ball

Scorpiurus sulcatus var. muricatus

authorship: (L.) Pérez Lara

Scorpiurus sulcatus var. subvillosus

authorship: Pérez Lara

codes: ALG CNY EGY ERI ETH LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI GST IRN IRQ LBS PAL SAU SIN TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Egypt

code: EGY

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1083 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
prickly scorpion's-tail
Caterpillar Plant

names:
ذيل العقرب الشائك
نبات اليرقة

names: Скорпионница колючая

names:
Chenillette muriquée
Chenillette sillonnée

names: זנב-עקרב שיכני

partners:
Halictus
Osmia submicans
Osmia versicolor

partners:
Halictus
Maniola jurtina
Osmia submicans
Osmia versicolor

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: scorpiurus-vermiculatus

scientific: Scorpiurus vermiculatus

authorship: L.

epithet: vermiculatus

Scorpioides vermiculata

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Scorpiurus purpureus

authorship: Desf.

name: Scorpiurus vermiculatus var. lusitanicus

Scorpiurus vermiculatus var. purpureus

authorship: (Desf.) Kuntze

Scorpiurus vermiculatus var. spinosus

authorship: E.Domínguez & E.F.Galiano

codes: ALG CNY MDR MOR TUN ALB COR FRA GRC ITA POR SAR SPA

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 195 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chenillette en forme de ver
Chenillette vermiculée

value: therophyte

value: annual

value: red

value: Apr-May

value: pod

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzonera-angustifolia-l

scientific: Scorzonera angustifolia

genus: Scorzonera

epithet: angustifolia

Podospermum angustifolium

authorship: Ledeb. ex Loudon

Podospermum pinifolium

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Scorzonera angustifolia var. minor

authorship: (Willk.) C.Díaz & Blanca

Scorzonera graminifolia var. minor

authorship: Willk.

Scorzonera macrocephala

authorship: DC.

Scorzonera pinifolia

authorship: Gouan

codes: MOR POR SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 264 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Barballera
Escurçonera de fulla estreta

authors: L.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: scorzonera-angustifolia-asso

authorship: Asso

published_in: Syn. Stirp. Aragon. : 108 (1779)

name: Scorzonera angustifolia var. angustifolia

authors: Asso

published_in: Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 108


slug: scorzonera-aristata

scientific: Scorzonera aristata

authorship: Ramond ex DC.

epithet: aristata

published_in: in Lamarck & Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4: 922. 1805

Scorzonera alpina

authorship: Hoppe

Scorzonera grandiflora

authorship: Lapeyr.

Scorzonera hoppeana

authorship: Sieber ex Rchb.

codes: AUT FRA ITA YUG SPA

Austria

code: AUT

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

names:
Scorsonère aristée
Scorzonère aristée

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Andrena polita

partners:
Campiglossa producta
Ceraleptus obtusus
Cnephasia incertana
Cnephasia stephensiana
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Melitaea cinxia
Orellia falcata
Orthochaetes setiger

value: hemicryptophyte

value: Jun-Aug

authors: Ramond ex DC.

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 4: 922

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzonera-cana

scientific: Scorzonera cana

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Griseb.

epithet: cana

Arachnospermum canum

authorship: (C.A.Mey.) Domin

Podospermum canum var. multiceps

authorship: (Neilr.) Nyár.

Podospermum canum var. simplex

authorship: (Bisch.) Nyár.

Podospermum canum var. tenuissimum

authorship: Borbás

Podospermum cariense

authorship: Boiss.

Podospermum cespitosum

authorship: Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss.

Podospermum diversifolium

authorship: Schur ex Nyman

Podospermum heterophyllum

authorship: Schur

name: Podospermum heterophyllum var. integrifolium

Podospermum jacquinianum var. multiceps

authorship: Neilr.

Podospermum jacquinianum var. simplex

authorship: Bisch.

name: Podospermum laciniatum subsp. jacquinianum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Arcang.

Podospermum loreum

authorship: Griseb.

Podospermum omeri

authorship: Yıld.

Scorzonera cana var. integrifolia

authorship: (Schur) Soó

Scorzonera messeniaca

authorship: Bory & Chaub.

Scorzonera runcinata

authorship: Pall.

Scorzonera tenuissima

authorship: (Borbás) Rapaicz

codes: CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM SIC RUS TUE UKR

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

region: Siberia

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 535 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amphicoma lasserei
Andrena caneae
Andrena cinereophila
Andrena flavipes
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena mocsaryi
Andrena schmiedeknechti


slug: scorzonera-glabra

scientific: Scorzonera glabra

authorship: Rupr.

epithet: glabra

published_in: in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 11. 1845

Scorzonera ruprechtiana

authorship: Lipsch. & Krasch. ex Lipsch.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit

value: Jun-Jul

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: Rupr.

published_in: Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 11

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzonera-humilis

scientific: Scorzonera humilis

authorship: L.

epithet: humilis

Scorzonera alpina

authorship: Pollini

name: Scorzonera angustifolia var. provincialis

authorship: Duby

Scorzonera candollei

authorship: Vis.

Scorzonera candollei subsp. tenuifolia

authorship: (DC.) Nyman

Scorzonera clusii

authorship: Asso

Scorzonera humilis subsp. tenuifolia

authorship: (DC.) Arcang.

Scorzonera humilis var. angustifolia

authorship: Hornem.

Scorzonera humilis var. stenophylla

authorship: Gaudin

Scorzonera lanata

authorship: Schrank

Scorzonera lanuginosa

authorship: Baumg.

Scorzonera macrorhiza

authorship: Schleich.

Scorzonera nervosa

authorship: Gilib.

authorship: Lam.

name: Scorzonera plantaginea var. graminifolia

authorship: Peterm.

Scorzonera tenuifolia

authorship: DC.

codes: TUR AUT BLT BLR BGM RUC CZE DEN FIN FRA GER GRB HUN ITA YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Italy

code: ITA

Netherlands

code: NET

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1490 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: Козелец приземистый

names:
Kleine Schwarzwurzel
Niedrige Schwarzwurzel

names:
Зміячка низька
Скорзонера низька

partners:
Andrena
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena minutula

partners:
Andrena polita
Colletes mlokossewiczi
Halictus scabiosae
Hylaeus communis
Hylaeus euryscapus
Hylaeus gredleri
Hylaeus pfankuchi
Lasioglossum bluethgeni

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Campiglossa producta
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis citrinella

partners:
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Microbotryum scorzonerae
Puccinia scorzonerae


slug: scorzonera-laciniata-l

scientific: Scorzonera laciniata

epithet: laciniata

preferred: cutleaf vipergrass

Launaea resedifolia

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Podospermum angustissimum

authorship: Schur

Podospermum calcitrapifolium

authorship: (Vahl) DC.

name: Podospermum decumbens subsp. intermedium

Podospermum dincii

authorship: Yıld.

Podospermum laciniatum subsp. decumbens

authorship: (Guss.) Gemeinholzer & Greuter

name: Podospermum laciniatum subsp. integrifolium

authorship: Arcang.

Podospermum laciniatum subsp. tenorei

authorship: (C.Presl) Nyman

name: Podospermum laciniatum var. calcitrapifolium

authorship: (Vahl) Bisch.

Podospermum laciniatum var. decumbens

authorship: (Guss.) C.Díaz & Blanca

Podospermum laciniatum var. leve

authorship: Bisch.

Podospermum laciniatum var. muricatum

authorship: (DC.) W.D.J.Koch

Podospermum tenuifolium

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Scorzonera calcitrapifolia

authorship: Vahl

name: Scorzonera calcitrapifolia var. decumbens

authorship: Guss.

name: Scorzonera laciniata subsp. calcitrapifolia

authorship: (Vahl) Maire

Scorzonera laciniata var. genuina

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Scorzonera laciniata var. integrifolia

authorship: Rouy

Scorzonera laciniata var. muricata

authorship: (Balb.) Jáv.

name: Scorzonera laciniata var. subintegrifolia

authorship: Lipsch.

Scorzonera muricata

authorship: Balb.

Scorzonera petiolaris

authorship: Lapeyr.

codes: ALG CNY CHA LBY MOR TUN AFG CYP IRN NCS TCS TKM TUR PAK ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Cyprus

code: CYP

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Pakistan

code: PAK

region: Indian Subcontinent

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baleares

code: BAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 861 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Козелец разрезной
Ножкосемянник разрезной

names: Podosperme lacinié, Scorzonère à feuilles de Chausse-trape

names: Зміячка кінчаста

names: Скорцонерэ лачиниатэ

names: Перестолистен кокеш

names: Սերմնոտուկ կտրատված

partners:
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Andrena rhenana
Colletes daviesanus
Colletes fodiens

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphis fabae
Aphis gossypii
Campiglossa producta

partners:
Adontomerus
Adontomerus brevicaudatus
Eupelmus microzonus
Eupelmus seculata
Idiomacromerus


slug: scorzonera-laciniata-jacq

authorship: Jacq.

published_in: Fl. Austriac. (Jacquin) 4: t. 356. 1776

Launaea resedifolia

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Podospermum calcitrapifolium

authorship: (Vahl) DC.

Podospermum laciniatum subsp. decumbens

authorship: (Guss.) Gemeinholzer & Greuter

Scorzonera resedifolia

authorship: L.

codes: ALG CHA LBY MOR TUN IRN NCS TCS TUR BAL BUL FRA ITA YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

names:
cutleaf vipergrass
False salsify

names: Almirones Amargallos

names:
Trzonczak pierzasty
wężymord kończysty

names: Зміячка кінчаста

names: Скорцонерэ лачиниатэ

names:
hadí mord dřípený
Hadí mordec dřípatý

names: Перестолистен кокеш

names: Սերմնոտուկ կտրատված

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: scorzonera-parviflora

scientific: Scorzonera parviflora

epithet: parviflora

published_in: Fl. Austriac. 4: 3. 1776

Podospermum parviflorum

authorship: (Jacq.) Yıld.

Scorzonera caricifolia

authorship: Pall.

Scorzonera cypria

authorship: Kotschy

Scorzonera halophila

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Scorzonera humilis subsp. parviflora

authorship: (Jacq.) H.J.Coste

codes: AFG ALT IRN KAZ KGZ LBS MON NCS TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX AUT BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER HUN KRY YUG ROM RUS SPA UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Altay

code: ALT

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Krym

code: KRY

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 224 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: دَبَح صَغير الزَّهْر

names: Козелец мелкоцветковый

names:
Kleinköpfige Schwarzwurzel
Kleinblütige Schwarzwurzel

names:
Scorsonère à petites fleurs
Scorzonère à petites fleurs

names:
Зміячка дрібноцвіта
Скорзонера дрібноквіткова

names: Скорцонерэ микрофлоралэ

names:
Hadomor maloúborový
hadí mor maloúborový

names: Дребноцветен кокеш

names: Խինձ մանրածաղիկ

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzonera-purpurea

scientific: Scorzonera purpurea

epithet: purpurea

Podospermum purpureum

authorship: (L.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz

Scorzonera purpurea var. gmelinii

authorship: DC.

codes: ALT KAZ KRA WSB WHM ALB AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG POL ROM RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1416 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Purple Viper's-grass
purple salsify

names: Козелец пурпурный

names:
Scorsonère pourpre
Scorzonère pourpre

names:
Cкорзонера пурпурова
Зміячка пурпурова

names: Скорцонерэ пурпурие

names:
Пурпурен кокеш
Розовоцветен кокеш

label: Woodiness


slug: scorzonera-radiata-fisch-ex-fisch

scientific: Scorzonera radiata

authorship: Fisch. ex Fisch.

epithet: radiata

published_in: F.E.L. von Fischer - Fl. Altaic. in C.F. von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 4. 1833 160 1833

Scorzonera radiata var. subacaulis

authorship: Lipsch. & Krasch.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 468 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 毛梗鸦葱 狭叶鸦葱

names: Козелец лучистый

authors: Fisch.

published_in: Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour]. 4: 160

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzonera-radiata-fisch-ex-ledeb

authorship: Fisch. ex Ledeb.

Scorzonera radians

authorship: Fisch.

Scorzonera radiata f. humilis

authorship: Koidz.

Scorzonera radiata var. rebunensis

authorship: (Tatew. & Kitam.) Nakai

Scorzonera rebunensis

authorship: Tatew. & Kitam.

names: Козелец лучистый

authors: Fisch. ex DC.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7(1): 122


slug: scorzonera-rosea

scientific: Scorzonera rosea

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

epithet: rosea

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 127. 1803

Podospermum roseum

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Gemeinholzer & Greuter

Podospermum roseum subsp. peristericum

authorship: (Formánek) Gemeinholzer & Greuter

Scorzonera purpurea subsp. peristerica

authorship: Formánek

Scorzonera purpurea subsp. rosea

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman

Scorzonera rhodantha

authorship: Hausskn.

Scorzonera rosea var. elata

authorship: Schur

Tragopogon rhodanthus

authorship: Sweet

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE GRC ITA YUG POL ROM UKR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Ukraine

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 304 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Козелец розовый

names: Зміячка рожева

label: Height

authors: Waldst. & Kit.

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 127, t. 121

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzonera-sinensis

scientific: Scorzonera sinensis

epithet: sinensis

published_in: Lipschitz, Pragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzon. (Trans. Rubber & Guttap. Inst.,Moscow) 120. 1935, in syn.

codes: CHN CHS CHI CHM MON

China North-Central

code: CHN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 207 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鸦葱 桃叶鸦葱

names: Козелец китайский

label: Life cycle

authors: Lipsch. & Krasch.


slug: scorzoneroides-autumnalis

scientific: Scorzoneroides autumnalis

authorship: (L.) Moench

genus: Scorzoneroides

epithet: autumnalis

preferred: fall dandelion

Apargia autumnalis

authorship: (L.) Hoffm.

Apargia autumnalis subsp. vulgaris

authorship: Csongor

Apargia autumnalis var. alpina

authorship: Gaudin

Apargia autumnalis var. salina

authorship: Aspegren

Apargia autumnalis var. vulgaris

authorship: Neilr.

Apargia pratensis

authorship: Link

authorship: Hornem.

Apargia taraxaci

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Hedypnois autumnalis

authorship: (L.) Huds.

Hedypnois taraxaci

authorship: (L.) Vill.

Hieracium taraxaci

authorship: L.

Leontodon autumnalis

authorship: Oed.

Leontodon autumnalis f. hajdonicalis

authorship: Rapaicz

Leontodon autumnalis subsp. borealis

authorship: Ball

Leontodon autumnalis subsp. pratensis

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Csongor

authorship: (Less.) Arcang.

Leontodon autumnalis var. alpinus

authorship: (Gaudin) Gren.

Leontodon autumnalis var. angustifolius

authorship: Walther

name: Leontodon autumnalis var. bipinnatifidus

authorship: Bisch.

Leontodon autumnalis var. cinerascens

authorship: Briq.

name: Leontodon autumnalis var. coronopifolius

authorship: Lange

Leontodon autumnalis var. dentatus

authorship: Holuby ex Schur

Leontodon autumnalis var. genuinus

authorship: Willk.

Leontodon autumnalis var. haydonicalis

authorship: (Rapaicz) Csongor

Leontodon autumnalis var. integrifolius

authorship: Wallr.

Leontodon autumnalis var. latifolius

authorship: Baumg. ex Schur

Leontodon autumnalis var. nigrolanatus

authorship: Fr.

Leontodon autumnalis var. salinus

authorship: (Aspegren) Lange

Leontodon autumnalis var. simplex

authorship: Duby

Leontodon autumnalis var. subpratensis

authorship: Grecescu

Leontodon autumnalis var. transiens

authorship: Nyár.

name: Leontodon autumnalis var. trichocephalus

Leontodon brachyglossus

authorship: Peterm.

Leontodon contortus

authorship: Dumort.

Leontodon glaber

authorship: Gilib.

Leontodon gutzulorum

authorship: Vassiliev

Leontodon nivalis

authorship: Hegetschw.

Leontodon pinnatifidus

authorship: Hegi

Leontodon pratensis

authorship: (Less.) Rchb.

Leontodon taraxaci

authorship: (L.) Loisel.

Oporinia autumnalis

authorship: (L.) D.Don

Oporinia autumnalis var. alpina

authorship: (Gaudin) DC.

Oporinia autumnalis var. sordida

authorship: Bab.

Oporinia pratensis

authorship: Less.

Oporinia runcinata

authorship: Kitt.

Picris autumnalis

authorship: (L.) All.

Scorzonera autumnalis

authorship: (L.) Lam.

name: Scorzoneroides autumnalis subsp. pratensis

authorship: (Less.) Holub

authorship: (Hornem.) Elven

Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. alpina

authorship: (Gaudin) Dostál

name: Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. cinerascens

authorship: (Briq.) P.D.Sell

name: Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. coronopifolia

authorship: (Lange) P.D.Sell

Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. dentata

authorship: (Holuby ex Schur) P.D.Sell

name: Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. latifolia

authorship: (Baumg. ex Schur) P.D.Sell

name: Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. nigrolanata

authorship: (Fr.) P.D.Sell

name: Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. pinnatifida

name: Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. pratensis

authorship: (Hornem.) P.D.Sell

Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. salina

authorship: (Aspegren) P.D.Sell

Scorzoneroides autumnalis var. simplex

authorship: (Duby) P.D.Sell

Virea autumnalis

authorship: (L.) Gray

Virea autumnalis var. pratensis

authorship: House

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KRA NCS SAU WSB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1985 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кульбаба осенняя

names: Liondent d'automne, Fausse scorsonère d'automne

names: Любочки осінні

names: Капул кэругэрулуй томнатик

names: Есенна жълтица

partners:
Heriades truncorum
Panurgus calcaratus
Bombus terrestris
Dasypoda hirtipes
Eupeodes corollae
Sphaerophoria
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata

partners:
Ancyloxypha numitor
Anthonomus rubi
Apis mellifera
Boloria myrina
Bombus borealis
Bombus cryptarum
Bombus impatiens
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Andrena bicolor
Andrena polita
Bombus impatiens
Bombus terricola
Epeolus scutellaris
Epistrophe grossulariae
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis dimidiata

partners:
Aeolothrips intermedius
Amara aulica
Amara familiaris
Cantharis lateralis
Carduelis carduelis
Chloris chloris
Frankliniella intonsa
Fringilla coelebs


slug: scorzoneroides-crocea

scientific: Scorzoneroides crocea

authorship: (Haenke) Holub

epithet: crocea

published_in: in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 306. 1977

Apargia aurantiaca

authorship: Willd.

Apargia crocea

authorship: (Haenke) Willd.

Apargia haenkei

authorship: Sternb. ex Steud.

Apargia media

authorship: Host

Leontodon aurantiacus

authorship: (Willd.) Rchb.

Leontodon croceus

authorship: Haenke

Leontodon croceus var. pinnatifidus

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) Nyár.

Leontodon croceus var. vagneri

authorship: (Margittai) Nyár.

Leontodon medius

authorship: Simonk.

Leontodon pyrenaicus subsp. aurantiacus

authorship: (Willd.) Arcang.

Leontodon pyrenaicus subsp. croceus

authorship: (Haenke) Nyman

Leontodon pyrenaicus var. aurantiacus

authorship: (Willd.) W.D.J.Koch

Leontodon vagneri

authorship: Margittai

codes: AUT BUL YUG ROM UKR

Austria

code: AUT

Romania

code: ROM

names: Кульбаба шафрановая

value: Jul-Aug

label: Photosynthetic pathway

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: (Haenke) Holub

published_in: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 306

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzoneroides-helvetica

scientific: Scorzoneroides helvetica

authorship: (Mérat) Holub

epithet: helvetica

Leontodon helveticus

authorship: Mérat

Leontodon pyrenaicus subsp. helveticus

authorship: (Mérat) Finch & P.D.Sell

name: Scorzoneroides pyrenaica subsp. helvetica

authorship: (Mérat) Izuzq.

Scorzoneroides pyrenaica var. helvetica

authorship: (Mérat) B.Bock

codes: AUT FRA GER ITA YUG SWI

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Schweizer Schuppenlöwenzahn
Schweizer Löwenzahn

names:
Faux-Liondent de Mérat
Liondent de Suisse

names:
Dente di leone dei graniti
Dente di leone elvetico

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Amata phegea
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aulacorthum palustre
Autographa bractea

value: evergreen

value: Jul-Sep

authors: (Mérat) Holub

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scorzoneroides-montana

scientific: Scorzoneroides montana

authorship: (Lam.) Holub

epithet: montana

published_in: in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 307. 1977

Leontodon croceus var. breviscapus

authorship: DC.

Leontodon montanus

authorship: Lam.

Leontodon montanus subsp. breviscapus

authorship: (DC.) Cavara & Grande

Leontodon montanus subsp. melanotrichus

authorship: (Vierh.) H.Pittoni

Leontodon montanus var. melanotrichus

authorship: Vierh.

Leontodon taraxaci var. illyricus

authorship: (K.Malý) Rohlena

codes: ALB AUT FRA GER ITA YUG SWI

Albania

code: ALB

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Alpen-Löwenzahn Berg-Löwenzahn

names: Liondent des montagnes, Fausse scorsonère des montagnes

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: (Lam.) Holub

published_in: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 307


slug: scorzoneroides-montaniformis

scientific: Scorzoneroides montaniformis

authorship: (Widder) Gutermann

epithet: montaniformis

published_in: in Phyton (Horn) 46: 65. 2006

Leontodon montaniformis

authorship: Widder

Leontodon montanus subsp. montaniformis

authorship: (Widder) Finch & P.D.Sell

name: Scorzoneroides montana subsp. montaniformis

authorship: (Widder) Seybold

authors: (Widder) Gutermann

published_in: Phyton (Horn) 46(1): 79

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: scouleria-aquatica

scientific: Scouleria aquatica

authorship: Hook.

genus: Scouleria

epithet: aquatica

family: Scouleriaceae

preferred: blackmat splashzone moss

Grimmia scouleri

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Lesq. & James

Scouleria aquatica f. nigrescens

authorship: Kindb.

Scouleria aquatica var. nigrescens

authorship: (Kindb.) E.Britton

Scouleria muelleri subsp. catilliformis

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Kindb.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 241 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Скоулерия водная

value: nonvascular

source: USDA PLANTS

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: scrophularia-alpestris

scientific: Scrophularia alpestris

authorship: J.Gay ex Benth.

genus: Scrophularia

epithet: alpestris

family: Scrophulariaceae

Scrophularia alpestris var. fimbriata

authorship: Pau

Scrophularia betonicifolia

authorship: Lapeyr.

Scrophularia oblongifolia

authorship: Merino

Scrophularia scopolii

authorship: Loisel.

Scrophularia scopolii subsp. alpestris

authorship: (J.Gay) P.Fourn.

codes: FRA SPA

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Норичник альпийский

names: Scrofulaire alpestre, Scrofulaire des Alpes

value: perennial

authors: J.Gay ex Benth.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: scrophularia-atrata

scientific: Scrophularia atrata

authorship: Pennell

epithet: atrata

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 99: 172 (1947)

preferred: darkflowered figwort

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
darkflowered figwort
black-flowered figwort

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Agapostemon viridulus
Ammophila kennedyi
Ancistrocerus campestris
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Augochloropsis metallica
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vagans

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: Pennell

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: scrophularia-auriculata

scientific: Scrophularia auriculata

authorship: L.

epithet: auriculata

preferred: Water figwort

english:
Water figwort
shoreline figwort
water betony

Scrophularia appendiculata

authorship: Balb. ex Wydler

Scrophularia aquatica f. appendiculata

authorship: (Mérat) Cout.

Scrophularia aquatica f. auriculata

authorship: (L.) Cout.

Scrophularia aquatica f. lyrata

authorship: (Willd.) Cout.

Scrophularia aquatica subsp. jallui

authorship: Gattef. & Weiller

name: Scrophularia aquatica var. appendiculata

authorship: Mérat

Scrophularia aquatica var. durandii

authorship: (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau

Scrophularia aquatica var. glabra

authorship: Cout.

Scrophularia aquatica var. laxa

authorship: Maire

Scrophularia aquatica var. parviflora

authorship: (Ball) Jahand. & Maire

Scrophularia aquatica var. pubescens

authorship: Caruel

Scrophularia auriculata subsp. major

authorship: Lange

name: Scrophularia auriculata subsp. pseudoauriculata

authorship: (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Scrophularia auriculata var. parviflora

authorship: Ball

Scrophularia balbisii

authorship: Hornem.

Scrophularia balbisii subsp. valentina

authorship: (Rouy) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa

Scrophularia cretica

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

Scrophularia durandii

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

Scrophularia hurstii

authorship: Druce

Scrophularia jallui

authorship: (Gattef. & Weiller) Ibn Tattou

Scrophularia laevigata subsp. valentina

authorship: (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Scrophularia lyrata

authorship: Willd.

Scrophularia pseudoauriculata

authorship: Sennen

Scrophularia rivularis

authorship: Moris

Scrophularia sulphurea

authorship: Mill.

Scrophularia trifoliata

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Scrophularia valentina

authorship: Rouy

codes: ALG AZO MOR TUN BAL BGM COR FRA GER GRB IRE ITA KRI NET POR SAR SIC SPA SWI

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

Belgium

code: BGM

Corse

code: COR

Great Britain

code: GRB

Ireland

code: IRE

Kriti

code: KRI

Netherlands

code: NET

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2004 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Scrofulaire à oreillettes
scrofulaire aquatique

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Andrena flavipes
Andrena florivaga
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus muscorum
Bombus sylvestris
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Bombus pratorum
Andrena flavipes
Bombus pascuorum
Lasioglossum morio
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus muscorum
Bombus sylvestris
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Cionus alauda
Cionus hortulanus
Cionus scrophulariae
Cionus tuberculosus
Cleopus pulchellus
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Anania verbascalis
Aphis verbasci

partners:
Peronospora sordida
Uromyces scrophulariae


slug: scrophularia-californica

scientific: Scrophularia californica

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

epithet: californica

preferred: California beeplant

english:
California beeplant
California bee plant
California figwort

name: Scrophularia californica subsp. californica

name: Scrophularia californica subsp. floribunda

authorship: (Greene) R.J.Shaw

name: Scrophularia californica var. californica

Scrophularia californica var. catalina

authorship: Jeps.

name: Scrophularia californica var. floribunda

authorship: Greene

Scrophularia californica var. oregana

authorship: (Pennell) Cronquist

Scrophularia floribunda

authorship: (Greene) A.Heller

Scrophularia multiflora

authorship: Pennell

Scrophularia nodosa var. californica

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.

codes: ARI BRC CAL MXN ORE WAS

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2044 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
California bee plant
California figwort

names: Норичник калифорнийский

names:
scrofulaire d'Orégon
scrofulaire de Californie

partners: Apoidea Trochilidae

partners:
Bombus caliginosus
Bombus sitkensis
Bombus vosnesenskii
Apis mellifera
Augochlorella pomoniella
Bombus crotchii
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus melanopygus

partners:
Andrena auricoma
Calypte anna
Cosmopepla uhleri
Dolichovespula arenaria
Polistes dominula
Prenolepis imparis
Vespinae
Vespula

partners:
Adela septentrionella
Allograpta
Allograpta exotica
Allograpta obliqua
Amblyptilia pica
Andrena
Andrena auricoma
Apis mellifera

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Cham. & Schltdl.

published_in: Linnaea 2: 585