slug: solanum-nitidum

scientific: Solanum nitidum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: nitidum

Solanum gnaphaloides

authorship: Pers.

Solanum heteranthera

authorship: Willd.

Solanum theresiae

authorship: Zahlbr.

label: Least Concern

names:
Pilo
Saúco negro

label: Life cycle

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 33, t. 163


slug: solanum-oblongifolium

scientific: Solanum oblongifolium

authorship: Dunal

genus: Solanum

epithet: oblongifolium

family: Solanaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Solanum holosericeum

authorship: Werderm.

Solanum hypomalacophyllum

authorship: Bitter ex Pittier

Solanum jamesonii

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum oblongifolium var. oblongifolium

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CLM ECU PER

Colombia

code: CLM

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

iucn_category: LC

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Allku hanpi
Hura panka

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: shrub

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Height

category: Size

value: 7 m

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

published_in: Solan. Syn. 14

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: solanum-opacum

scientific: Solanum opacum

authorship: A.Braun & C.D.Bouché

epithet: opacum

published_in: Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 18. 1853.

preferred: Green berry nightshade

source: wikidata

Solanum allanii

authorship: Polg.

Solanum forsteri

authorship: Seem.

Solanum nodiflorum var. fauriei

authorship: (H.Lév.) O.Deg. & O.Deg.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Green berry nightshade
green-berry nightshade

value: herb

value: non-woody

category: Life cycle

value: annual

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: berry

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: A.Braun & C.D.Bouché

published_in: Index Seminum [Berlin] 8

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: solanum-oppositifolium

scientific: Solanum oppositifolium

epithet: oppositifolium

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 35, pl. 168, fig. a. 1799.

Solanum nutans

authorship: Poepp. ex Dunal

Solanum puberulobum

authorship: Steyerm.

Solanum schizopodium

authorship: Sendtn.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: 6 m

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 35, fig. 168a

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-orbiculatum

scientific: Solanum orbiculatum

epithet: orbiculatum

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 762. 1814.

codes: NTA SOA WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Dunal

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3. 762

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-ovalifolium

scientific: Solanum ovalifolium

epithet: ovalifolium

Solanum junctum

authorship: S.R.Stern & M.Nee

codes: CLM ECU PAN PER

Panamá

code: PAN

region: Central America

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

names:
Friegaplatos
Uña de gato

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Enchisthenes hartii
Sturnira lilium

published_in: Solan. Syn. 37


slug: solanum-palinacanthum

scientific: Solanum palinacanthum

epithet: palinacanthum

Solanum claviceps

authorship: Griseb.

Solanum palinacanthum f. velutina

authorship: Chodat

name: Solanum palinacanthum var. palinacanthum

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 586 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Arrebenta-cavalo Juá-bagudo

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Amblyophallus exaltata
Tapirus terrestris

value: perennial


slug: solanum-palitans

scientific: Solanum palitans

epithet: palitans

published_in: Revis. Argentine Sp. Solanum 92. 1976.

codes: AGE AGW BOL CLN

Chile North

code: CLN

lifeform: annual

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: variable

published_in: Revis. Argentine Sp. Solanum 92 (-96), figs. 7E-H, 8

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-paludosum

scientific: Solanum paludosum

authorship: Moric.

epithet: paludosum

Solanum guianense

authorship: Klotzsch

Solanum viscosum

authorship: Salzm. ex Dunal

codes: BZN BZE BZL FRG GUY SUR VEN

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Moric.

published_in: Pl. Nouv. Amer. 29. t. 20

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-palustre

scientific: Solanum palustre

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: palustre

Solanum brevidens

authorship: Phil.

Solanum brevidens var. glabrescens

authorship: (Dunal) Hawkes

authorship: (Walp.) Hawkes

Solanum caldasii var. glabrescens

authorship: (Walp.) Dunal

Solanum palustre

authorship: Poepp.

authorship: Poepp. ex Walp.

Solanum tuberosum subsp. brevidens

authorship: (Phil.) Reiche

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schltdl.

published_in: Hort. Hal. 1: 6

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-paniculatum

scientific: Solanum paniculatum

authorship: L.

epithet: paniculatum

Solanum belfort

authorship: Vand.

Solanum belfortianum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum canescens

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum dictyoticum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum mutabile

authorship: Witasek

name: Solanum paniculatum subsp. integrifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Hassl.

Solanum reticulatum

authorship: Willd.

Solanum rothelianum

authorship: Steud.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 268 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Brachygastra lecheguana
Polybia occidentalis
Polybia sericea

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata
Melipona scutellaris
Xylocopa frontalis
Xylocopa grisescens

partners:
Phyllostomus hastatus
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus lituratus
Glossophaga soricina
Micronycteris megalotis
Sturnira lilium
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus planirostris

authors: L.


slug: solanum-paposanum

scientific: Solanum paposanum

epithet: paposanum

Solanum phyllanthum var. aberrans

authorship: (Phil.) Witasek

authors: Phil.

published_in: Fl. Atacam. 42


slug: solanum-parvifolium

scientific: Solanum parvifolium

epithet: parvifolium

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446. 1810.

Solanum accedens

authorship: Domin

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 446

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-peikuoense

scientific: Solanum peikuoense

authorship: S.S.Ying ex X.Aubriot & S.Knapp

epithet: peikuoense

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: solanum-pennellii

scientific: Solanum pennellii

authorship: Correll

epithet: pennellii

Lycopersicon pennellii

authorship: (Correll) D'Arcy

Solanum pennellii var. elachistus

authorship: Martic. & Quezada

codes: CLN GAL PER

Galápagos

code: GAL

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

partners:
gravelly plain
sandy sides of dry wash

authors: Correll

published_in: Madroño 14: 233, fig


slug: solanum-pentlandii

scientific: Solanum pentlandii

epithet: pentlandii

Solanum coerulescens

authorship: Bitter

codes: BOL PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: montane tropical

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-peruvianum

scientific: Solanum peruvianum

epithet: peruvianum

preferred: Peruvian nightshade

Antimion tomentosum

authorship: Raf.

Lycopersicon commutatum

authorship: (Spreng.) Roem. & Schult.

Lycopersicon peruvianum

authorship: (L.) Mill.

name: Lycopersicon peruvianum subsp. commutatum

authorship: (Spreng.) Luckwill

Lycopersicon peruvianum subsp. dentatum

authorship: (Dunal) Luckwill

name: Lycopersicon peruvianum subsp. peruvianum

Lycopersicon peruvianum subsp. typicum

authorship: Luckwill

Lycopersicon peruvianum var. dentatum

authorship: (Dunal) Dunal

name: Lycopersicon peruvinanum var. commutatum

authorship: (Spreng.) Link, Klotzsch & Otto

name: Lycopersicon peruvinanum var. peruvinanum

Solanum commutatum

authorship: Spreng.

Solanum peruvianum

authorship: Jacq.

codes: CLN ECU GAL PER

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tomate cimarrón
Tomatillo

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners: Apidae Colletidae

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-petrophilum

scientific: Solanum petrophilum

epithet: petrophilum

preferred: Rock nightshade

codes: NSW SOA WAU

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 147 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Linnaea 25: 433

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-physalidicalyx

scientific: Solanum physalidicalyx

epithet: physalidicalyx

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 212. 1912.

name: Solanum physalidicalyx var. integrascens

name: Solanum physalidicalyx var. physalidicalyx

name: Solanum physalidicalyx var. plurilobulatum

codes: AGE AGW BOL

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

lifeform: perennial or annual

climate: seasonally dry tropical

label: Life form

value: chamaephyte

authors: Bitter

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 212

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solanum-pilcomayense

scientific: Solanum pilcomayense

authorship: Morong

epithet: pilcomayense

published_in: Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 177. 1893.

Solanum brevipetiolare

authorship: (Chodat) Chodat

Solanum deltaicum

authorship: Cabrera

Solanum floribundum

authorship: (Hassl.) Hassl.

Solanum nigrum f. brevipetiolare

authorship: Chodat ex Chodat & Hassl.

Solanum nigrum f. floribundum

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum nigrum f. pilcomayense

authorship: (Morong) Hassl.

Solanum nigrum var. brevipetiolare

authorship: (Chodat) Hassl.

Solanum nigrum var. pilcomayense

authorship: (Morong) Chodat

name: Solanum pilcomayense var. brevipetiolare

authorship: Chodat

name: Solanum pulchrilobum var. longepetiolatum

authorship: (Hassl.) Parodi

name: Solanum syringoideum subsp. pilcomayense

name: Solanum syringoideum subsp. syringoideum

name: Solanum syringoideum var. pycnostichanthum

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZS BZL BZC PAR

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 192 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Morong

published_in: Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 177

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: solanum-piluliferum

scientific: Solanum piluliferum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: piluliferum

Solanum densiflorum

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum piluliferum var. densiflorum

authorship: (Sendtn.) Dunal

codes: BZS BZL

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-pimpinellifolium

scientific: Solanum pimpinellifolium

authorship: L.

epithet: pimpinellifolium

preferred: currant tomato

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. intermedium

authorship: Luckwill

name: Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. pimpinellifolium

authorship: (L.) Brezhnev

name: Lycopersicon esculentum var. racemigerum

authorship: (Lange) Brezhnev

Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium

authorship: (L.) Mill.

name: Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium var. intermedium

authorship: (Luckwill) Prokh.

name: Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium var. pimpinellifolium

Lycopersicon pissisii

authorship: Phil.

Lycopersicon racemiforme

authorship: Lange

Solanum pimpinelloides

authorship: Hill

Solanum pissisii

authorship: (Phil.) Reiche

Solanum racemigerum

authorship: (Lange) Zodda

Chile North

code: CLN

lifeform: climbing shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 344 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
currant tomato
currant-tomato

names: Chinpalu Tomate

names: Morelle à feuilles de pimpinelle, Tomate à feuilles de pimpinelle, Tomate groseille

partners: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-IL [MX: SLP:11]

value: vine

value: 2 m

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: solanum-pinnatisectum

scientific: Solanum pinnatisectum

epithet: pinnatisectum

preferred: tansyleaf nightshade

Solanum pinnatisectum var. heptazygum

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum pinnatisectum var. pinnatisectum

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXS

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-pinnatum

scientific: Solanum pinnatum

authorship: Cav.

epithet: pinnatum

name: Solanum cavanillesii var. subintegrifolium

Solanum gaudichaudiana

authorship: (J.Rémy) F.Phil.

Solanum maritimum

authorship: Meyen ex Nees

Solanum pinnatum

authorship: Bertero ex Dunal

Solanum pinnatum var. subintegrifolium

authorship: (Dunal) Reiche

Solanum pinnatum var. tomentosum

authorship: Reiche

Solanum quercifolium

authorship: Poepp. ex Dunal

Solanum runcinatum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Witheringia maritima

authorship: (Meyen) J.Rémy

Witheringia pinnata

authorship: (Cav.) J.Rémy

Chile Central

code: CLC

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 791 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Cav.

published_in: Icon. [Cavanilles] 5: 23 (t. 439)


slug: solanum-polyacanthos

scientific: Solanum polyacanthos

authorship: Lam.

epithet: polyacanthos

Solanum polyacanthos

authorship: Vahl

Solanum tortipes

authorship: Urb. & Ekman

codes: CUB DOM HAI

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

lifeform: shrub

authors: Lam.

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. 2: 23

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: solanum-polygamum

scientific: Solanum polygamum

epithet: polygamum

preferred: cakalaka berry

Solanum inclusum var. albiflorum

authorship: Eggers

Solanum polygamum var. thomae

authorship: Kuntze

codes: DOM LEE PUE

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

lifeform: shrub or tree

value: subshrub

authors: Vahl

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-prinophyllum

scientific: Solanum prinophyllum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: prinophyllum

Solanum pungetium

authorship: Sieber ex Dunal

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1302 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Forest Nightshade
gins-whiskers


slug: solanum-pruinosum

scientific: Solanum pruinosum

epithet: pruinosum

Solanum dasyadenium

authorship: Bitter

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

lifeform: annual or perennial


slug: solanum-pseudocapsicum

scientific: Solanum pseudocapsicum

authorship: L.

epithet: pseudocapsicum

preferred: Jerusalem Cherry

english:
Jerusalem Cherry
Jerusalem cherry
Madeira Winter Cherry

Brachistus grisebachii

authorship: Hieron.

Pseudocapsicum undulatifolium

authorship: Moench

Solanum capsicastrum

authorship: Link ex Schau

Solanum capsicastrum var. caaguazuense

authorship: Chodat

Solanum compactum

authorship: hort.

Solanum diffusum

authorship: Link ex Roem. & Schult.

Solanum diflorum

authorship: Vell.

Solanum diflorum var. hygrophilum

authorship: (Schltdl.) Kuntze

Solanum diphyllum

authorship: Forssk.

Solanum hendersonii

authorship: hort. ex W.Wight

Solanum hermannioides

authorship: Schinz

Solanum hyemale

authorship: Salisb.

Solanum hygrophilum

authorship: Schltdl.

Solanum jaliscanum

authorship: Greenm.

Solanum linkianum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum lucidum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Solanum mexiae

authorship: Standl.

Solanum microcarpum

authorship: (Vahl) Hassl.

Solanum montevidense

authorship: Spreng.

Solanum pilosulum

authorship: Hassl.

name: Solanum pseudocapsicum f. pseudocapsicum

Solanum pseudocapsicum subsp. diflorum

authorship: (Vell.) Hassl.

name: Solanum pseudocapsicum subsp. pseudocapsicum

Solanum pseudocapsicum var. diflorum

authorship: (Vell.) Bitter

Solanum pseudocapsicum var. hygrophilum

authorship: (Schltdl.) Hassl.

Solanum pseudocapsicum var. luteum

authorship: Poir.

Solanum pseudocapsicum var. microcarpum

authorship: Pers.

name: Solanum pseudocapsicum var. pseudocapsicum

name: Solanum pseudocapsicum var. sendtnerianum

Solanum singuliflorum

authorship: Steud.

Solanum tucumanense

authorship: Griseb.

Solanum validum

authorship: Rusby

codes: AGE AGW AGS BOL BZS BZL BZC CLC CLN JNF PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Juan Fernández Is.

code: JNF

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2033 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Паслен ложноперечный
Паслен перцевидный

partners:
Augochloropsis
Augochloropsis cyanea
Dicranomyia

partners:
Sturnira lilium
Artibeus lituratus
Apis mellifera
Arremon flavirostris
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus planirostris
Carollia perspicillata

partners:
Agroathelia rolfsii
Alternaria solani
Botrytis cinerea
Colletotrichum sublineola
Cucumber mosaic virus
Globisporangium ultimum
Heterodera ciceri
Impatiens necrotic spot virus


slug: solanum-pseudogracile

scientific: Solanum pseudogracile

authorship: Heiser

epithet: pseudogracile

preferred: glowing nightshade

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Heiser

published_in: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 294

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-pseudosaponaceum

scientific: Solanum pseudosaponaceum

authorship: Blume

epithet: pseudosaponaceum

Solanum inaequilaterale

authorship: Merr.

Solanum lasiostylum

authorship: (Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou) Tawada

Solanum torvum var. lasiostylum

authorship: Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou

codes: CHS CHH NNS TAI CBD JAW LAO PHI SUL

China Southeast

code: CHS

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Cambodia

code: CBD

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

authors: Blume

published_in: Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13: 702

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-pubescens

scientific: Solanum pubescens

authorship: Willd.

epithet: pubescens

published_in: Phytographia 1: 5, tab. 3. 1794.

Nycterium pubescens

authorship: (Willd.) G.Don

Solanum blattaroioides

authorship: Koen. ex Dunal

Solanum calycinum

authorship: Nees

Solanum conanthum

authorship: Dunal

codes: SAU YEM IND

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Yemen

code: YEM

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

authors: Willd.

published_in: Phytographia i. 5


slug: solanum-pubigerum

scientific: Solanum pubigerum

epithet: pubigerum

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 160, tab. 6. 1813.

Solanum cervantesii

authorship: Lag.

Solanum cervantesii var. erythrocarpum

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum dichotomum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Solanum irazuense

authorship: Standl. & L.O.Williams

Solanum lineatum

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Solanum lycollonum

authorship: Colla

Solanum microcarpum

authorship: Cerv. ex Lag.

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

Solanum modestum

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 375 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Capulincillo Chichimeca

partners:
Bombus ephippiatus
Lasioglossum
Xylocopa tabaniformis

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 160. I. 6

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-pumilum

scientific: Solanum pumilum

epithet: pumilum

preferred: dwarf horsenettle

english:
dwarf horsenettle
dwarf nightshade

Solanum carolinense var. hirsutum

authorship: (Nutt.) D'Arcy

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Gray

Solanum hirsutum

authorship: Nutt.

codes: ALA GEO

Alabama

code: ALA

Georgia

code: GEO

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dwarf horsenettle
dwarf nightshade


slug: solanum-pungetium

scientific: Solanum pungetium

epithet: pungetium

codes: NSW VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: solanum-pycnanthemum

scientific: Solanum pycnanthemum

authorship: Mart.

epithet: pycnanthemum

Solanum juripeba

authorship: Vell. ex Steud.

Solanum pycnanthemum var. lobatum

authorship: Sendtn.

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

authors: Mart.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-quadriloculatum

scientific: Solanum quadriloculatum

epithet: quadriloculatum

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 267 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Australian wild tomato
tomato-bush

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 2(16): 161

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-quaesitum

scientific: Solanum quaesitum

epithet: quaesitum

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 393. 1933.

codes: BOL BZN BZC

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

names: jurubeba jurubeba-brava

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 393


slug: solanum-quitoense

scientific: Solanum quitoense

authorship: Lam.

epithet: quitoense

preferred: naranjilla

Solanum angulatum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Solanum macrocarpon

authorship: Molina

Solanum nollanum

authorship: Britton

Solanum quitense

authorship: Kunth

Solanum quitoense f. septentrionale

authorship: (R.E.Schult. & Cuatrec.) D'Arcy

Solanum quitoense var. septentrionale

authorship: R.E.Schult. & Cuatrec.

codes: CLM COS ECU GAL PAN PER VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Galápagos

code: GAL

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1341 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: naranjilla Quito-orange

names:
Daboka
Huevo de perro

names: 刺茄 奎東茄

names:
morelle de Quito
naranjille

partners:
Augochlora
Bombus pauloensis
Ceratina
Chrysididae
Euglossa
Halictidae
Thygater aethiops

partners:
Carollia brevicaudum
Apis mellifera
Bombus pauloensis
Bombus pullatus
Chromacris trogon
Mechanitis mazaeus
Mechanitis menapis
Mechanitis polymnia

partners:
Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus
Naranjilla chlorotic mosaic virus
Naranjilla mild mosaic virus

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

value: 3 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-radicans

scientific: Solanum radicans

epithet: radicans

published_in: Dec. Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. Apr-Jul 1762.

Solanum radicans

authorship: Hill

Solanum ruderale

authorship: (J.Rémy) F.Phil.

codes: BOL CLC CLN ECU PER

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 222 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hierba mora
Monte

published_in: Dec. Pl. Hort. Upsal. 1: t. 10

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-remyanum

scientific: Solanum remyanum

authorship: Phil.

epithet: remyanum

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 91: 17. 1895.

codes: CLC CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 91: 17

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-retroflexum

scientific: Solanum retroflexum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: retroflexum

preferred: black nightshade

english:
black nightshade
wonderberry

Solanum burbankii

authorship: Bitter

Solanum burbankii var. glabrescens

authorship: Polg.

Solanum kraussianum

authorship: Buchinger ex Krauss

Solanum nigrum var. burbankii

authorship: (Bitter) Filov

codes: BOT CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES MLW MOZ NAM TVL ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 289 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
black nightshade
Sunberry

names: Паслен запрокинутый

names: nastergal nasgal

names: limomonyane lintsontso

names: ugqumugqumu umsobosobo

value: shrub

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: solanum-richardii

scientific: Solanum richardii

epithet: richardii

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 775. 1814.

Solanum acanthocalyx

authorship: Klotzsch

Solanum acutilobatum

authorship: Dammer

Solanum balbisii

authorship: Bojer ex Dunal

Solanum burtt-davyi

authorship: Dunkley

Solanum grandiflorum

authorship: Sieber ex Dunal

Solanum richardii var. acutilobatum

authorship: (Dammer) A.E.Gonç.

Solanum richardii var. burtt-davyi

authorship: (Dunkley) A.E.Gonç.

label: Least Concern

value: woody

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: solanum-riparium

scientific: Solanum riparium

authorship: Pers.

epithet: riparium

Solanum carnosipes

authorship: Rusby

Solanum dichotomum

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Solanum verbascifolium var. caducum

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGW BOL BZN BZC ECU PER

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Sturnira lilium
Arremon flavirostris
Arremon torquatus
Artibeus planirostris
Atlapetes citrinellus
Catharus dryas
Catharus ustulatus
Chlorospingus flavopectus

value: tree

label: Life cycle

authors: Pers.

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 221

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-rixosum

scientific: Solanum rixosum

epithet: rixosum

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solanum-robustum

scientific: Solanum robustum

epithet: robustum

preferred: shrubby nightshade

Solanum alatum

authorship: Seem. & Schmidt

Solanum concepcionis

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Solanum concepcionis var. robustius

authorship: Chodat

Solanum decurrens

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum enneodonton

authorship: Delile ex Dunal

Solanum robustum var. concepcionis

authorship: (Chodat & Hassl.) Hassl.

codes: AGE BZE BZS BZL PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
shrubby nightshade
silverleaf nightshade

names: Паслён мощный

value: phanerophyte

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-rostratum

scientific: Solanum rostratum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: rostratum

published_in: Hist. Nat. Solanum 234, tab. 24. 1813.

preferred: buffalo-bur

english:
buffalo-bur
Colorado bur
Kansas thistle
Mexican thistle
Texas thistle
bad woman
buffalo bur
buffalobur nightshade
spiny nightshade

source: inat

Androcera lobata

authorship: Nutt.

Androcera rostrata

authorship: (Dunal) Rydb.

Ceranthera heterandra

authorship: (Pursh) Raf.

Nycterium flavum

authorship: Lindl.

Nycterium heterandrum

authorship: (Pursh) Heynh.

Nycterium lobatum

authorship: (Nutt.) Sweet

Nycterium luteum

authorship: Steud.

Nycterium rostratum

authorship: (Dunal) Link

Solanum bejarense

authorship: Moric. ex Dunal

Solanum heterandrum

authorship: Pursh

Solanum heterodoxum

authorship: Andrieux ex Dunal

Solanum propinquum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Solanum rostratum var. subintegrum

authorship: Fernald

codes: ALA ARI ARK CAL COL FLA GEO IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIN MSI MSO NEB NEV NWM NCA OKL SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VRG WVA WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Iowa

code: IOW

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1987 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: solanum-rovirosanum

scientific: Solanum rovirosanum

epithet: rovirosanum

Cyphomandra homalophylla

authorship: Standl.

Solanum brenesii

authorship: C.V.Morton & Standl.

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ECU GUA HON PAN

Mexico Gulf

region: Mexico

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

label: Eaten by

partners:
Sturnira ludovici
Pteronymia latilla

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: solanum-rubetorum

scientific: Solanum rubetorum

epithet: rubetorum

Solanum geminiflorum

authorship: Drège ex Dunal

Solanum rigescens var. didymanthum

authorship: (Dunal) Bitter

Solanum rigescens var. horridius

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum tomentosum subsp. pauciaculeolatum

Solanum urosepalum

authorship: Dammer

codes: OFS NAT TVL

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 231 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit


slug: solanum-rugosum

scientific: Solanum rugosum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: rugosum

preferred: tabacon aspero

codes: BLZ BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI HON LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SUR VEN WIN

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

names: Kebegowe Meñeñabo

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Margarops fuscatus
Spindalis portoricensis

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Glossophaga commissarisi
Vampyriscus nymphaea
Artibeus cinereus
Artibeus lituratus

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-salicifolium

scientific: Solanum salicifolium

authorship: Phil.

epithet: salicifolium

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 36: 195. 1870.

Solanum crebrum

authorship: C.V.Morton & L.B.Sm.

Solanum incisum

authorship: Griseb.

Solanum incisum var. tenuisectum

authorship: (Kuntze) C.V.Morton

Solanum tenuisectum

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGE AGW PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Paraguay

code: PAR

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

label: Woodiness

published_in: Anales Univ. Chile 36: 195

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-sanctae-catharinae

scientific: Solanum sanctae-catharinae

epithet: sanctae-catharinae

Solanum citrifolium f. intermedium

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum citrifolium var. ochrandrum

authorship: (Dunal) Hassl.

Solanum nummularifolium

authorship: Witasek

name: Solanum sanctae-catharinae f. nummularifolium

name: Solanum sanctaecatharinae f. sanctaecatharinae

codes: AGE BZS BZL PAR PER URU

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Uruguay

code: URU

names: Joá-manso Juá

partners:
Didelphis aurita
Sturnira lilium
Didelphis albiventris
Philander frenatus
Saltator similis

label: Height


slug: solanum-sandwicense

scientific: Solanum sandwicense

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: sandwicense

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy . 92. 1832.

preferred: Hawai'i horsenettle

Solanum kauaiense

authorship: (A.Gray) Hillebr.

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

names:
Hawai'i horsenettle
`aiakeakua

label: Photosynthetic pathway

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: Hook. & Arn.

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 92

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-sarrachoides

scientific: Solanum sarrachoides

authorship: Sendtn.

epithet: sarrachoides

preferred: Hairy Nightshade

Solanum sarrachoides var. sarachidium

authorship: (Bitter) C.V.Morton

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL PAR URU

Bolivia

code: BOL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 461 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hairy Nightshade
Leafy-Fruited Nightshade

names: 毛龙葵 腺龙葵

names:
Morelle fausse Saracha
morelle faux-sarracha

names: brasilsøtvier sarachasøtvier

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: therophyte

value: annual

label: Fruit type

authors: Sendtn.


slug: solanum-scabrum

scientific: Solanum scabrum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: scabrum

preferred: garden-huckleberry

Solanum boerhaavii

authorship: Thell.

Solanum guineense

authorship: (L.) Mill.

authorship: (L.) Lam.

Solanum intrusum

authorship: Soria

Solanum melanocerasum

authorship: All.

authorship: Willd.

authorship: (Willd.) Miq.

Solanum memphiticum

authorship: Mart.

Solanum nigrum

authorship: Acerbi ex Dunal

Solanum nigrum subsp. cultum

authorship: Filov

Solanum nigrum var. guineense

authorship: L.

Solanum nigrum var. melanocerasum

authorship: (Willd.) G.Don

authorship: (Willd.) Dunal

Solanum nigrum var. memphiticum

authorship: (Mart.) Marzell

Solanum nigrum var. pterocaulum

authorship: (Dunal) Schur

Solanum nitens

authorship: Opiz

Solanum pterocaulon

authorship: Rchb. ex Nyman

name: Solanum pterocaulon var. dichotimiflorum

Solanum scabrum subsp. laevis

authorship: Olet

Solanum strictum

authorship: Zuccagni

Solanum tinctorium

authorship: Welw.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPP CAF CHA COM CON ZAI DJI ERI ETH OFS GAB GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LES LBR MDG MLW MLI MTN MOZ NAM NGA TVL SEN SEY SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Gabon

code: GAB

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-schlechtendalianum

scientific: Solanum schlechtendalianum

authorship: Walp.

epithet: schlechtendalianum

published_in: Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 3: 61. 1844.

preferred: Riedle's nightshade

source: usda

Solanum edwardii

authorship: Kunth & C.D.Bouché

Solanum fragile

authorship: Wright ex Griseb.

Solanum geminiflorum

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Solanum gentlei

authorship: Lundell

Solanum lasiantherum

authorship: Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.

Solanum oblitum

authorship: Dunal

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS CUB ECU FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Sturnira hondurensis
Sturnira parvidens
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus toltecus
Carollia sowelli
Glossophaga commissarisi
Sturnira lilium

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-seaforthianum

scientific: Solanum seaforthianum

authorship: Andrews

epithet: seaforthianum

preferred: Brazilian nightshade

english:
Brazilian nightshade
potato creeper

Solanum botryophorum

authorship: Ridl.

Solanum kerrii

authorship: Bonati

Solanum prunifolium

authorship: Willd.

name: Solanum seaforthianum var. seaforthianum

Solanum venustum

authorship: Kunth

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ BZE CLM COS CUB DOM GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE TRT VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

Windward Is.

code: WIN

lifeform: liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2029 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Brazilian nightshade
potato creeper

names: Liane pomme de terre, Liane pomme Édouard, Petite liane patate

names: காட்டுக்கொடி

partners:
Guayaquila emarginata
Psilopogon haemacephalus
Zosterops lateralis


slug: solanum-semiarmatum

scientific: Solanum semiarmatum

epithet: semiarmatum

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

value: berry

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 2(16): 163


slug: solanum-serpens

scientific: Solanum serpens

epithet: serpens

published_in: Austrobaileya 6: 248. 2002.

label: Flowering months

value: Oct-Apr

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-sessile

scientific: Solanum sessile

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: sessile

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 35, tab. 167, fig. a. 1799.

Pheliandra herthae

authorship: Werderm.

Solanum herthae

authorship: (Werderm.) D'Arcy

Solanum marmellosanum

authorship: Bitter

Solanum pulchrum

authorship: Poir.

names: Gulac Yúnkua

partners:
Anoura caudifer
Anoura cultrata
Anoura peruana
Artibeus glaucus
Artibeus planirostris
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia perspicillata
Chiroderma salvini

value: 8 m

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 35, t. 167


slug: solanum-sessiliflorum

scientific: Solanum sessiliflorum

epithet: sessiliflorum

preferred: cocona

Solanum arecunarum

authorship: Pittier

Solanum sessiliflorum var. georgicum

authorship: (R.E.Schult.) Whalen

name: Solanum sessiliflorum var. sessiliflorum

Solanum topiro var. georgicum

authorship: (R.E.Schult.) Heiser

codes: BZN CLM COS ECU FRG NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 184 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Citric-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor Antiaphthic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Anticalculic Anticoagulant Antileishmanic

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: cocona Orinoco-apple

names:
Ccujapacco tton’tto
Cucuná

names: Cubíu cubiu

value: perennial

authors: Dunal

published_in: Solan. Syn. 43

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-setigeroides

scientific: Solanum setigeroides

authorship: (Whalen) S.R.Stern

epithet: setigeroides

published_in: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8: 5. 2014.

Solanum heterodoxum var. setigeroides

authorship: Whalen

authors: (Whalen) S.R.Stern

published_in: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8(1): 5

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: solanum-shirleyanum

scientific: Solanum shirleyanum

authorship: Domin

epithet: shirleyanum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Domin

published_in: Biblioth. Bot. lxxxix. 578 (1929), hybr


slug: solanum-simile

scientific: Solanum simile

epithet: simile

Solanum simile var. fasciculatum

authorship: (F.Muell.) Domin

codes: NSW SOA VIC WAU

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: 2 m

published_in: Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 19

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-sisymbriifolium

scientific: Solanum sisymbriifolium

authorship: Lam.

epithet: sisymbriifolium

preferred: sticky nightshade

Solanum albiflorum

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum balbisii

authorship: Dunal

Solanum balbisii var. bipinnata

authorship: Hook.

Solanum balbisii var. oligospermum

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum bipinnatifidum

authorship: Larrañaga

Solanum decurrens

authorship: Balb.

Solanum edule

authorship: Vell.

Solanum formosum

authorship: Weinm.

Solanum inflatum

authorship: Hornem.

Solanum mauritianum

authorship: Willd. ex Roth

Solanum opuliflorum

authorship: Port. ex Dunal

authorship: Port. ex Walp.

Solanum pilosum

authorship: Raf.

Solanum sabeanum

authorship: Buckley

name: Solanum sisymbriifolium f. sisymbriifolium

name: Solanum sisymbriifolium var. bipinnatipartitum

Solanum sisymbriifolium var. gracile

authorship: Mattos

name: Solanum sisymbriifolium var. heracleifolium

name: Solanum sisymbriifolium var. macrocarpum

name: Solanum sisymbriifolium var. oligospermum

authorship: (Sendtn.) Dunal

name: Solanum sisymbriifolium var. purpureiflorum

name: Solanum sisymbriifolium var. sisymbriifolium

Solanum subviscidum

authorship: Schrank

Solanum viscidum

authorship: Schweigg.

Solanum viscosum

authorship: Lag.

Solanum xanthacanthum

authorship: Willd. ex Walp.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLC CLM ECU PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Chile Central

code: CLC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sticky nightshade
Dense Thorned Bitter Apple

names:
Espina colorada
Guindilla del campo

names: 二裂星毛刺茄 擬刺茄

names: arrebenta-cavalo joá

names: Паслен гулявниколистный

names:
Morelle
Morelle de Balbis

names:
blek taggborre
rött sodomsäpple

names: bøffelborre fjærsøtvier

partners:
Ascia monuste
Bombus
Bombus impatiens
Exomalopsis pulchella

partners:
Tretogonia notatifrons
Agelaioides badius
Amegilla violacea
Chrysocyon brachyurus
Colaptes melanochloros
Dircenna dero
Elaenia parvirostris
Elaenia spectabilis

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: solanum-sodiroi

scientific: Solanum sodiroi

authorship: Bitter

epithet: sodiroi

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 540. 1912.

Solanum carchiense

authorship: Correll

Solanum sodiroi var. dimorphophyllum

authorship: (Bitter) Correll

Solanum tetrapetalum

authorship: Rusby

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

value: vine

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 540

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-stellatiglandulosum

scientific: Solanum stellatiglandulosum

epithet: stellatiglandulosum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 389. 1920.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 76 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 389

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: solanum-stelligerum

scientific: Solanum stelligerum

authorship: Sm.

epithet: stelligerum

Solanum lucorum

authorship: Domin

Solanum stelligerum var. lucorum

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1258 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Columba leucomela
Lopholaimus antarcticus
Macropygia phasianella
Ptilinopus magnificus
Ptilinopus regina

source: GIFT

authors: Sm.

published_in: Exot. Bot. ii. 57

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: solanum-stenophyllidium

scientific: Solanum stenophyllidium

epithet: stenophyllidium

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 51. 1913.

Solanum brachistotrichium

authorship: Rydb.

name: Solanum brachistotrichium var. brachistotrichium

name: Solanum brachistotrichium var. ripicolum

Solanum nayaritense

authorship: (Bitter) Rydb.

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Bitter

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 51

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solanum-stenophyllum

scientific: Solanum stenophyllum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: stenophyllum

Solanum tolimense

authorship: Wedd.

codes: CLM ECU PER

Peru

code: PER

names:
Monte ají
Sacha uchu

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: 5 m

authors: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

published_in: Solan. Syn. 15

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-stipulaceum

scientific: Solanum stipulaceum

authorship: Willd.

epithet: stipulaceum

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 662. 1819.

Solanum auriculatum var. angustifolium

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum hebecarpum

authorship: Salzm. ex Sendtn.

authorship: Salzm. ex Dunal

Solanum verbascifolium f. eriocarpum

authorship: Hassl.

name: Solanum verbascifolium f. eupulverulentum

name: Solanum verbascifolium subf. eueriocarpum

name: Solanum verbascifolium var. pulverulentum

authorship: (Sendtn.) Hassl.

codes: BZE BZL BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

value: 4 m

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-stoloniferum

scientific: Solanum stoloniferum

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: stoloniferum

preferred: Fendler's horsenettle

Solanum ajuscoense

authorship: Bukasov ex Rybin

name: Solanum antipovichi var. neoantipoviczii

authorship: (Bukasov) Hawkes

Solanum boreale

authorship: (A.Gray) Bitter

Solanum candelarianum

authorship: Bukasov

Solanum fendleri subsp. arizonicum

authorship: Hawkes

Solanum longipedicellatum

authorship: Bitter

name: Solanum longipedicellatum var. longimucronatum

name: Solanum longipedicellatum var. longipedicellatum

name: Solanum longipedicellatum var. pseudoprophyllum

Solanum orbiculatibaccatum

authorship: Lechn.

Solanum stoloniferum

authorship: Schltdl. & C.D.Bouché

name: Solanum stoloniferum subsp. stoloniferum

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Fendler's horse-nettle
Fendler's horsenettle

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-stramoniifolium

scientific: Solanum stramoniifolium

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: stramoniifolium

Solanum coconilla

authorship: Huber

Solanum demerarense

authorship: Dunal

Solanum hirsutum

authorship: Herb.Peurari ex Dunal

Solanum stramoniifolium

authorship: Lam.

Solanum stramoniifolium var. inerme

authorship: (Dunal) Whalen

name: Solanum stramoniifolium var. stramoniifolium

Solanum toxicarum

authorship: Rich.

Solanum trichocarpum

authorship: Miq.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL CLM ECU FRG GUY NIC PAN PER SUR TRT VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 444 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Misc. Austriac. [Jacquin] 2: 298 (-299)


slug: solanum-stuckertii

scientific: Solanum stuckertii

epithet: stuckertii

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 461. 1913.

Cyphomandra stuckertii

authorship: (Bitter) D'Arcy

codes: AGE AGW BOL

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 461

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: solanum-subinerme

scientific: Solanum subinerme

epithet: subinerme

Solanum juripeba var. repandum

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum laurifolium

authorship: Mill.

Solanum longiflorum

authorship: Vahl

Solanum poinsettiifolium

authorship: Rusby

Solanum salviifolium var. longiflorum

authorship: (Vahl) Pers.

Solanum stamineum

authorship: Steud.

Solanum styracifolium

authorship: Willd.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BOL BZN BZE BZC CLM ECU FRG GUY PAN PER SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 196 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Visited by

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Ametrida centurio
Artibeus cinereus
Artibeus concolor
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus planirostris
Chiroderma trinitatum
Hsunycteris thomasi

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-succosum

scientific: Solanum succosum

authorship: A.R.Bean & Albr.

epithet: succosum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: A.R.Bean & Albr.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: solanum-supinum

scientific: Solanum supinum

epithet: supinum

preferred: snake berry

source: wikidata

Solanum aranoideum

authorship: Dammer

Solanum supinum var. aranoideum

authorship: (Dammer) Bitter

Solanum supinum var. leucophaeum

authorship: (Dunal) Bitter

Solanum supinum var. rehobothense

authorship: Bitter

codes: BOT CPP OFS LES NAM TVL

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

Lesotho

code: LES

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: slangbessie lemoenbossie

names: morelwane morolwana

value: subshrub

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-sycophanta

scientific: Solanum sycophanta

authorship: Dunal

epithet: sycophanta

Solanum inopinum

authorship: Ewan

codes: CLM ECU PER VEN

Venezuela

code: VEN

partners:
Chamaepetes goudotii
Sturnira aratathomasi
Amazona mercenarius
Ampelioides tschudii
Anisognathus somptuosus
Arremon brunneinucha
Artibeus bogotensis
Artibeus lituratus

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-symmetricum

scientific: Solanum symmetricum

epithet: symmetricum

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 89. 1896.

Solanum nudum var. pseudoindigoferum

authorship: Hassl.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS BZL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Paraguay

code: PAR

partners:
Sturnira lilium
Artibeus planirostris
Sturnira erithromos
Sturnira erythromos
Sturnira oporaphilum

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: shrub

value: 6 m

authors: Rusby

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 89


slug: solanum-taeniotrichum

scientific: Solanum taeniotrichum

authorship: Correll

epithet: taeniotrichum

published_in: Contr. Texas Res. Found., Bot. Stud. 1: 6. 1950.

codes: COS PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

authors: Correll

published_in: Contr. Texas Res. Found., Bot. Stud. 1: 6, fig. 2


slug: solanum-tampicense

scientific: Solanum tampicense

epithet: tampicense

preferred: scrambling nightshade

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ CAY CLM COS CUB VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Cuba

code: CUB

lifeform: scrambling shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
scrambling nightshade
Aquatic soda apple

names:
Espina de manglar
Salsita de agua

partners:
Aratinga nana
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Canis latrans
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Catharus ustulatus

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

value: tree

value: woody

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-terminale

scientific: Solanum terminale

authorship: Forssk.

epithet: terminale

published_in: Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 45. 1775.

Solanum balboanum

authorship: Chiov.

name: Solanum bansoense var. episporadotrichum

Solanum bifurcatum

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Solanum bifurcum

authorship: Hochst. ex Dunal

Solanum butaguense

authorship: De Wild.

Solanum leucanthum

authorship: Bitter & Dammer

Solanum lujaei

authorship: De Wild. & T.Durand

Solanum mangaschae

authorship: Pax

Solanum nakurense var. lykipiense

authorship: (C.H.Wright) Bitter

name: Solanum plousianthemum subsp. plousianthemum

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. angustifrons

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. conglutinans

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. endosiphonotrichum

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. gracilifilum

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. kundelunguense

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. microstelidium

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. plousianthemum

name: Solanum plousianthemum var. subtusbarbellatum

Solanum subcoriaceum

authorship: T.Durand & H.Durand

Solanum terminale subsp. inconstans

authorship: (C.H.Wright) Heine

Solanum terminale subsp. plousianthemum

authorship: (Dammer) Lester

Solanum terminale subsp. sanaganum

authorship: (Bitter) Heine

name: Solanum welwitschii var. laxepaniculatum

codes: ANG BEN BUR CMN CPP CAF COM CON ZAI EQG ERI SWZ ETH GAB GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MLW MOZ NGA TVL RWA SIE SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM SAU YEM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Comoros

code: COM

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-tetrathecum

scientific: Solanum tetrathecum

epithet: tetrathecum

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 2(16): 165

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: solanum-tettense

scientific: Solanum tettense

authorship: Klotzsch

epithet: tettense

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique (Peters) 1: 237. 1861.

preferred: Mozambique bitter apple

Solanum alboramosum

authorship: Damm.

Solanum bifurcum var. baidoense

authorship: (Chiov.) Bitter ex Chiov.

Solanum chiovendae

authorship: Lanza

Solanum chondropetalum

authorship: Dammer

Solanum kwebense

authorship: N.E.Br. ex C.H.Wright

Solanum kwebense var. acutius

authorship: Bitter

Solanum kwebense var. chondropetalum

authorship: (Dammer) Bitter

Solanum kwebense var. luederitzii

authorship: (Schinz) Bitter

Solanum luederitzii

authorship: Schinz

Solanum renschii

authorship: Vatke

Solanum tettense var. renschii

authorship: (Vatke) A.E.Gonç.

codes: ANG BOT ZAI ETH KEN MLW MOZ NAM TVL SOM TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: bitterappel rooibessie

names: diphoko moRolwana

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot., 1): 237

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-tomentosum

scientific: Solanum tomentosum

authorship: L.

epithet: tomentosum

preferred: nightshade

Solanum coccineum

authorship: Jacq.

Solanum ferox

authorship: Mill. ex Dunal

Solanum tomentosum subsp. coccineum

authorship: (Jacq.) Willd.

Solanum tomentosum var. integrifolium

authorship: Flanagan & Bitter

Solanum tomentosum var. macrophyllum

authorship: Nees

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 827 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: kleingrysbitterappel slangappel

authors: L.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SOFE2

license: public domain

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: solanum-torreanum

scientific: Solanum torreanum

epithet: torreanum

codes: SWZ MOZ TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

value: herb

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-torvum

scientific: Solanum torvum

authorship: Sw.

epithet: torvum

published_in: Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 47. 1788.

preferred: turkey berry

Solanum amoenum

authorship: Jungh.

Solanum campechiense

authorship: Dunal

Solanum crotonoides

authorship: Michx. ex Dunal

Solanum grandifolium

authorship: O.E.Schulz ex O.Schmidt

Solanum heterophyllum

authorship: Balb. ex Dunal

Solanum maccai

authorship: Bertero ex Dunal

Solanum mammosum

authorship: Herb. ex Dunal

Solanum mayanum

authorship: Lundell

Solanum sanctum

authorship: Jan ex Dunal

Solanum torvum

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

authorship: Schltdl.

Solanum torvum var. daturifolium

authorship: (Dunal) O.E.Schulz

Solanum torvum var. inerme

authorship: (Nees) Dunal

Solanum torvum var. integerrimum

authorship: Kuntze

Solanum torvum var. rubiginosum

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum torvum var. typicum

authorship: Hochr.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BAH BLZ BZE BZL CAY CLM COS DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON LEE NIC PAN PUE TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2060 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Chlorogenic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiatherosclerotic

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Solasodine

activities:
Antiandrogenic
Anticancer (Skin)
Anticarcinomic
Anticholinesterase
Antifertility
Antiinflammatory
Antimelanomic
Antispermatogenic

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

Isochlorogenic-acid

activities: Antioxidant Antiseptic Cancer-Preventive Pesticide

names: Aubergine-pois, Fausse aubergine, Aubergine sauvage

names: រ បមង រ បព លញង

partners:
Amegilla zonata
Augochloropsis ignita
Caenaugochlora
Exomalopsis analis
Frieseomelitta nigra
Halictus lutescens
Pseudopanurgus
Thysanoptera

partners:
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia perspicillata
Cynopterus sphinx
Acrocercops undifraga
Alchisme grossus
Amrasca biguttula
Arizelocichla fusciceps
Arizelocichla milanjensis

partners:
Blepyrus insularis
Cudoniella
Leptomastix nigrocincta
Prochiloneurus pulchellus

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: solanum-triflorum

scientific: Solanum triflorum

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: triflorum

preferred: Cut-leaved Nightshade

english:
Cut-leaved Nightshade
cutleaf nightshade
small nightshade

Solanum calophyllum

authorship: Phil.

name: Solanum gaudichaudii var. pyrethrifolium

authorship: (Griseb.) Kuntze

Solanum malvinum

authorship: De Langhe & Dhose

Solanum ponticum

authorship: Prodan

Solanum pyrethrifolium

authorship: Griseb.

Solanum triflorum f. malvinum

authorship: De Langhe & D'hose

Solanum triflorum var. calophyllum

authorship: (Phil.) Bitter

Solanum triflorum var. dentatum

authorship: Ooststr.

Solanum triflorum var. majus

authorship: Hook.

Solanum triflorum var. ponticum

authorship: (Prodan) Borza

Solanum triflorum var. pyrethrifolium

authorship: (Griseb.) Bitter ex Probst

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA IOW KAN MAN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL ONT ORE SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WYO AGE AGW AGS

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Iowa

code: IOW

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 830 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Паслен трехцветковый
Паслен трёхцветковый

names:
morelle à trois fleurs
morelle à trois fleures


slug: solanum-trilobatum

scientific: Solanum trilobatum

authorship: L.

epithet: trilobatum

Solanum acetosifolium

authorship: Lam.

Solanum canaranum

authorship: Miq. ex C.B.Clarke

authorship: Miq.

Solanum fuscum

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wall.

Solanum griffithii

authorship: (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze

codes: CBD IND LAO MLY MYA SRL THA VIE

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: scrambling subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 294 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 三裂叶茄 三浅裂茄

partners:
Acridotheres tristis
Canis aureus
Cinnyris asiaticus
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvus splendens
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
Leptocentrus taurus
Leptocoma zeylonica

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-trinominum

scientific: Solanum trinominum

epithet: trinominum

published_in: Edinburgh J. Bot. 65: 85. 2008

Solanum gaudichaudii var. canescens

authorship: Dunal

Solanum heterantherum

authorship: Witasek ex Reiche

Solanum tomentosum

authorship: (J.Rémy) F.Phil.

codes: CLC CLN

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 213 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

published_in: Edinburgh J. Bot. 65(1): 85

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solanum-triquetrum

scientific: Solanum triquetrum

authorship: Cav.

epithet: triquetrum

preferred: Texas nightshade

Solanum lindheimerianum

authorship: Scheele

Solanum triquetrum var. lindheimerianum

authorship: (Scheele) A.Gray

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

lifeform: scrambling subshrub or climbing shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Cav.

published_in: Icon. [Cavanilles] 3: 30 (t. 259)


slug: solanum-trizygum

scientific: Solanum trizygum

authorship: Bitter

epithet: trizygum

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 470. 1912.

Bassovia trizyga

authorship: (Bitter) Pittier

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 470


slug: solanum-truncicola

scientific: Solanum truncicola

epithet: truncicola

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

names: Farafandoha Hendramena

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(4): 435

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solanum-tuberosum

scientific: Solanum tuberosum

epithet: tuberosum

preferred: Russian Potato

english:
Russian Potato
potato
Irish potato

Battata tuberosa

authorship: Hill

Lycopersicon tuberosum

authorship: (L.) Mill.

Parmentiera edulis

authorship: Raf.

Solanum acutifoliolum

authorship: Lechn.

Solanum alcayimilla

authorship: Hawkes

Solanum alkkaphinu

authorship: Ochoa

Solanum ancacc-maquin

authorship: Bukasov & Lechn.

Solanum andigenum

authorship: Juz. & Bukasov

Solanum andigenum f. caiceda

authorship: Bukasov

Solanum andigenum f. coeruleum

authorship: Lechn. ex Bukasov

name: Solanum andigenum f. elongatipedicellatum

name: Solanum andigenum subsp. australiperuvianum

name: Solanum andigenum subsp. centraliperuvianum

name: Solanum andigenum var. bilabiaticalycinum

name: Solanum andigenum var. curtibaccatisimile

name: Solanum andigenum var. curtipedicellatum

name: Solanum andigenum var. densistrictipilosum

name: Solanum andigenum var. dissecticorollatum

name: Solanum andigenum var. elongipedicellatum

name: Solanum andigenum var. flavifilamentosum

name: Solanum andigenum var. latissimiacuminatum

name: Solanum andigenum var. tenuifilamentosum

name: Solanum kessellbrenneri subsp. kessellbrenneri

name: Solanum kessellbrenneri subsp. pastoanum

name: Solanum kessellbrenneri var. kessellbrenneri

name: Solanum tuberosum f. americana-pigmentatum

name: Solanum tuberosum var. crassipedicellatum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2032 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Solanine

activities: Analgesic Antiasthmatic Antibronchitic Anticholinesterase Antiepileptic Antigiardial Antineuralgic Antiparkinsonian

Alpha-chaconine

activities: Anticholinesterase Antifeedant Fungicide Memranolytic Nematistat Pesticide Teratogenic

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

Solanidine

activities: Anticholinesterase Antifeedant Pesticide Teratogenic Toxic

partners:
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Tuta absoluta
Aphididae
Aphis idaei
Aulacorthum solani
Autographa gamma
Bandicota
Bandicota indica

partners:
Hemiptarsenus varicornis
Acerophagus angelicus
Acerophagus flavidulus
Afrencyrtus saissetiae
Anagyrus kamali
Aphelinus abdominalis
Aphelinus asychis
Aphelinus gossypii

partners:
Dickeya dianthicola
Dickeya solani
Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Pectobacterium carotovorum
Phytophthora infestans
Tobacco rattle virus
Tomato black ring virus
Alternaria alternata


slug: solanum-tweedieanum

scientific: Solanum tweedieanum

authorship: Hook.

epithet: tweedieanum

Solanum atriplicifolium

authorship: Gillies ex Nees

Solanum atriplicoides

authorship: Herter

Solanum chenopodioides

authorship: Dunal

Solanum nigrum subsp. atriplicifolium

authorship: (Gillies ex Nees) Sendtn.

Solanum sidifolium

authorship: Speg.

codes: AGE BOL CLC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: chamaephyte

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Hook.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-umbellatum

scientific: Solanum umbellatum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: umbellatum

Solanum lanceifolium

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Solanum receptum

authorship: Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM ECU GUA HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PER VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Atlapetes albinucha gutturalis
Chlorospingus ophthalmicus
Myadestes melanops
Phainoptila melanoxantha
Semnornis frantzii
Tangara dowii

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus toltecus
Atlapetes albinucha
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Brachyphylla nana
Carollia brevicaudum
Carollia perspicillata

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-umbelliferum

scientific: Solanum umbelliferum

authorship: Eschsch.

epithet: umbelliferum

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 10: 283. 1826.

preferred: bluewitch nightshade

source: inat

Solanum cupuliferum

authorship: Greene

Solanum microphyllum

authorship: Pav. ex Dunal

Solanum obispoense

authorship: Eastw.

Solanum palmeri

authorship: Vasey & Rose

Solanum tenuilobatum

authorship: Parish

Solanum umbelliferum var. californicum

authorship: (Dunal) Parish

Solanum umbelliferum var. glabrescens

authorship: Torr.

Solanum umbelliferum var. hoffmannii

authorship: (Munz) D.J.Keil

Solanum umbelliferum var. intermedium

authorship: (Parish) D.J.Keil

Solanum umbelliferum var. obispoense

authorship: (Eastw.) D.J.Keil

Solanum umbelliferum var. xanti

authorship: (A.Gray) D.J.Keil

Solanum xanti var. hoffmannii

authorship: Munz

Solanum xanti var. obispoense

authorship: (Eastw.) Wiggins

codes: ARI CAL MXI MXN NEV ORE

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1985 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Anthophora californica
Bactericera cockerelli
Bombus californicus
Bombus sonorus
Cortodera cubitalis
Habropoda depressa

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Papilio eurymedon

partners:
Anthophora californica
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Habropoda depressa
Keiferia lycopersicella
Pyrobombus

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 10: 283 (1826)


slug: solanum-umtuma

scientific: Solanum umtuma

authorship: Voronts. & S.Knapp

epithet: umtuma

published_in: PhytoKeys 8: 4. 2012

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 127 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Voronts. & S.Knapp

published_in: PhytoKeys 8: 4 (-9; figs. 1-3)


slug: solanum-uncinellum

scientific: Solanum uncinellum

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: uncinellum

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 26: t.15. 1840.

Cyphomandra yungasense

authorship: Rusby

Lycianthes uncinella

authorship: (Lindl.) Kalidass & Mallia

Solanum amethystinum

authorship: Poit. ex Hook.f.

Solanum granelianum

authorship: D'Arcy

Solanum ipomoea

authorship: Sendtn.

Solanum ipomoea var. angustifolium

authorship: Witasek

Solanum ipomoea var. ipomoeoides

authorship: (Chodat & Hassl.) Hassl.

Solanum ipomoea var. macrostachyum

authorship: Hassl.

Solanum ipomoeoides

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Solanum laetum

authorship: Miq.

Solanum leucosporum

authorship: Dunal

Solanum pendulum

authorship: Link ex Steud.

Solanum scandens

authorship: R.H.Schomb. ex Dunal

authorship: L.

Solanum scandens var. laetum

authorship: (Miq.) Bitter ex Amshoff

Witheringia pendula

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS ECU FRG GUY PAN PAR PER SUR TRT VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Paraguay

code: PAR

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Cocytius duponchel
Heliura

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: solanum-valdiviense

scientific: Solanum valdiviense

epithet: valdiviense

Solanum krauseanum

authorship: Phil.

Solanum sembarto

authorship: Kuntze

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 159 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.