slug: alkanna-tinctoria

scientific: Alkanna tinctoria

authorship: Tausch

epithet: tinctoria

preferred: alkanet

english: alkanet alkanna

Alkanna lehmannii

authorship: (Tineo) A.DC.

Alkanna tinctoria subsp. lehmanii

authorship: (Tineo) Nyman

Alkanna tuberculata

authorship: (Forssk.) Meikle

Anchusa bracteolata

authorship: Viv.

Anchusa tuberculata

authorship: Forssk.

Baphorhiza tinctoria

authorship: Link

Buglossum tinctorium

authorship: Lam.

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL SIN TUR ALB BUL CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

region: Middle Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 765 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: كحلاء مصبوغة

names:
alkanna krasilnaya
Алканна красильная

names: Алкана красильна

names: אלקנת הצבעים

names: Синя айважива

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombylius cinerascens
Melecta albifrons
Nomada
Andrena rugothorace
Anthophora crinipes
Bombylius analis
Bombylius discolor


slug: alkekengi-officinarum

scientific: Alkekengi officinarum

authorship: Moench

genus: Alkekengi

epithet: officinarum

family: Solanaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: strawberry groundcherry

source: wikidata

Alkekengi officinarum var. franchetii

authorship: (Mast.) R.J.Wang

Boberella alkekengi

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

Physalis alkekengi

authorship: L.

authorship: Lour.

Physalis bunyardii

authorship: hort. ex Makino

Physalis ciliata

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Physalis franchetii

authorship: Mast.

Physalis glabripes

authorship: Pojark.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH CHI IRN IRQ KOR LBS CHM CHQ TCS TUR PAK ALB BUL GRC YUG ROM TUE

China North-Central

code: CHN

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Iraq

code: IRQ

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Manchuria

code: CHM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Pakistan

code: PAK

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Albania

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
strawberry groundcherry
Chinese-lantern

names: alquequenje capulí

names: 挂金灯 酸浆

names:
пёсья вишня
Физалис обыкновенный

names: ホオズキ ヨウシュホオズキ

names:
Gewöhnliche Blasenkirsche
Blasenkirsche

names:
Amour-en-cage
Cerise d'hiver

names:
Echte lampionplant
Lampionplant

names: Міхунка звичайна

names:
japansk lykta
judekörs

names:
mochyně židovská
mochyně boborelka

names:
közönséges zsidócseresznye
lampionvirág

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acherontia atropos
Acrolepia pygmaeana
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: allagopappus-canariensis

scientific: Allagopappus canariensis

authorship: (Willd.) Greuter

genus: Allagopappus

epithet: canariensis

family: Asteraceae

Allagopappus dichotomus

authorship: Cass.

Allagopappus dichotomus f. latifolius

authorship: Bolle

name: Allagopappus dichotomus subsp. dichotomus

name: Allagopappus dichotomus subsp. latifolius

authorship: (Bolle) G.Kunkel

Conyza canariensis

authorship: Willd.

Conyza dichotoma

authorship: Pers.

Conyza inuloides

authorship: Aiton

Jasonia dichotoma

authorship: DC.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

continent: AFRICA

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 250 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Amegilla canifrons
Lasioglossum viride
Megachile canariensis
Pseudoanthidium canariense
Tetraloniella hohmanni

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: yellow

label: Flowering months

value: Mar-Jul

label: Fruit type

value: achene

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: (Willd.) Greuter

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

field: phenology

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: allagoptera-arenaria

scientific: Allagoptera arenaria

authorship: (Gomes) Kuntze

genus: Allagoptera

epithet: arenaria

family: Arecaceae

preferred: Beach Coconut

english:
Beach Coconut
Dwarf Palm
Restinga Palm
Seashore Palm
seashore palm

Allagoptera pumila

authorship: Nees

Cocos arenaria

authorship: Gomes

Diplothemium arenarium

authorship: (Gomes) Vasc. & Franco

Diplothemium littorale

authorship: Mart.

codes: BZE BZS BZL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: perennial

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Beach Coconut
Dwarf Palm

names: 沙生互生翼棕榈 香花椰子

names: Buri-da-praia Caxandó

partners:
Cerdocyon thous
Procyon cancrivorus
Ateuchus squalidus
Cacicus haemorrhous
Cerradomys subflavus
Didelphis aurita
Metachirus nudicaudatus
Philander frenatus

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

value: herb

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: (Gomes) Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 726

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allagoptera-campestris

scientific: Allagoptera campestris

authorship: (Mart.) Kuntze

epithet: campestris

Diplothemium campestre var. genuinum

authorship: Drude

Diplothemium campestre var. glaziovii

authorship: Dammer

codes: AGE BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: coqueiro-pissandó paissandu

partners:
Chrysocyon brachyurus
Lycalopex vetulus

authors: (Mart.) Kuntze

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allagoptera-robusta

scientific: Allagoptera robusta

authorship: R.C.Martins & Filg.

epithet: robusta

lifeform: perennial or shrub

value: non-woody

authors: R.C.Martins & Filg.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allamanda-blanchetii

scientific: Allamanda blanchetii

genus: Allamanda

epithet: blanchetii

family: Apocynaceae

preferred: purple allamanda

Allamanda violacea

authorship: Gardner & Fielding

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

lifeform: scrambling shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
purple allamanda
Violet allamanda

names: 紫蝉花 紫花黃蟬

names: Алламанда Бланше

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Anteos clorinde
Epargyreus
Xylocopa frontalis
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
Chlorostilbon lucidus
Eulaema nigrita
Heliomaster squamosus

partners:
Carystus hylaspes
Chlorostilbon lucidus
Heliomaster squamosus
Melitoma
Xylocopa grisescens
Xylocopa sp.

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: vine

value: nanophanerophyte


slug: allamanda-cathartica

scientific: Allamanda cathartica

authorship: L.

epithet: cathartica

preferred: golden trumpet

Allamanda aubletii

authorship: Pohl

Allamanda cathartica f. salicifolia

authorship: (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Voss

Allamanda cathartica var. grandiflora

authorship: L.H.Bailey & Raffill

Allamanda grandiflora

authorship: Lam.

Allamanda hendersonii

authorship: Hend.

authorship: Bull ex Dombrain

Allamanda salicifolia

authorship: hort.

Allamanda schottii

authorship: Hook.

Allamanda wardleyana

authorship: Lebas

Apocynum bursiflorum

authorship: Noronha

Echites verticillatus

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Orelia grandiflora

authorship: Aubl.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC FRG GUY SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: scrambling shrub or tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
golden trumpet
Buttercup

names: 軟枝黃蟬 软枝黄蝉

names: orélia alamanda-amarela

names: Goldtrompete Allamande

names: Allamande purgative, Coupe d'or, Allamanda

partners:
Apoidea
Cethosia cyane
Eurema
Hebomoia glaucippe
Hypolimnas bolina
Jamides bochus
Junonia atlites
Orthorhyncus cristatus

partners:
Agapostemon swainsonae
Apoidea
Bombus pensylvanicus
Borbo cinnara
Centris nitida
Cethosia cyane
Chilopoda
Eurema

partners:
Acrogonia balloui
Cyclura lewisi
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Allamanda leaf curl virus
Allamanda leaf mottle distortion virus

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens


slug: allamanda-polyantha

scientific: Allamanda polyantha

epithet: polyantha

lifeform: shrub

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: allanblackia-stuhlmannii

scientific: Allanblackia stuhlmannii

authorship: (Engl.) Engl.

genus: Allanblackia

epithet: stuhlmannii

family: Clusiaceae

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 249 (1897)

Allanblackia sacleuxii

authorship: Hua

Stearodendron stuhlmannii

authorship: Engl.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: mkange mkanye

value: tree

authors: Engl.

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. [Engler & Prantl] I. 249

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: alleizettella-leucocarpa

scientific: Alleizettella leucocarpa

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) Tirveng.

genus: Alleizettella

epithet: leucocarpa

family: Rubiaceae

Aidia leucocarpa

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) T.Yamaz.

Randia leucocarpa

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

codes: CHS CHH VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

names: 白果香楠 白香楠

authors: (Champ. ex Benth.) Tirveng.


slug: alleniella-besseri

scientific: Alleniella besseri

authorship: (Łobarz.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt

genus: Alleniella

epithet: besseri

family: Neckeraceae

Homalia besseri

authorship: Łobarz.

Homalia complanata var. obtusa

authorship: (Brid.) Brid.

Homalia gracilis

authorship: James ex Peck

Homalia jamesii var. gracilis

authorship: (James ex Peck) K.A.Wagner

Homalia pourretiana

authorship: Roum.

Homalia pusilla

authorship: Bosch & Sande Lac.

Homalia rotundifolia

authorship: (Hartm.) Schimp.

Homalia sendtneriana

authorship: (Schimp.) Schimp.

Homalia trichomanoides f. gracilis

authorship: (James ex Peck) H.A.Crum

Homaliodendron besserianum

authorship: M.Fleisch. ex Paris

Leskea complanata var. obtusa

authorship: Brid.

Neckera besseri

authorship: (Łobarz.) Trevis.

Neckera besseri f. cavernarum

authorship: (Latzel) Podp.

Neckera besseri f. costata

authorship: (Farneti) Podp.

Neckera besseri f. rotundifolia

authorship: (Hartm.) Mönk.

Neckera besseri var. costata

authorship: Farneti

Neckera besseri var. rotundifolia

authorship: (Hartm.) Molendo

Neckera besseriana

authorship: Broth.

Neckera besseriana var. cavernarum

authorship: Latzel

Neckera complanata subsp. besseri

authorship: (Łobarz.) J.J.Amann

Neckera complanata var. obtusa

authorship: (Brid.) Wilson

Neckera gracilis

authorship: (James ex Peck) Kindb.

Neckera leiophylla

authorship: W.Gümbel ex Müll.Hal.

Neckera rotundifolia

authorship: Hartm.

Neckera sendtneriana

authorship: Schimp.

Neckera sendtneriana var. costata

authorship: (Farneti) Paris

Neckera sendtneriana var. rotundifolia

authorship: (Hartm.) Lorentz & Molendo

Thamnium pusillum

authorship: (Bosch & Sande Lac.) Kindb.

names:
Bessers Neckermoos
Rundblättriges Flagellen-Neckermoos

names: Аленієля Бессера


slug: alleniella-complanata

scientific: Alleniella complanata

authorship: (Hedw.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt

epithet: complanata

preferred: neckera moss

source: usda

Eleutera ornithopodioides

authorship: Stuntz

Homalia complanata

authorship: (Hedw.) Brid.

Hypnum complanatum

authorship: (Hedw.) With.

Leskea complanata

authorship: Hedw.

Neckera complanata

authorship: (Hedw.) Huebener

Neckera complanata f. flagelliformis

authorship: (Warnst.) Podp.

Neckera complanata f. longifolia

authorship: (Schimp.) Mönk.

Neckera complanata f. patens

authorship: Boulay

Neckera complanata f. secunda

authorship: Grav. ex Boulay

name: Neckera complanata var. adpressoramulosa

authorship: Dannenberg & Geh.

Neckera complanata var. falcata

authorship: Warnst.

Neckera complanata var. grandiretis

authorship: Podp.

Neckera complanata var. maxima

authorship: Dixon

Neckera complanata var. patens

authorship: Boulay ex Grav.

Neckera complanata var. secunda

authorship: (Grav. ex Boulay) Velen.

Neckera complanata var. vulgaris

authorship: (Boulay) Hérib.

Neckera tenella

authorship: Kindb.

Rhystophyllum ornithopodioides

authorship: (Stuntz) E.Britton

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1634 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Flat Neckera
neckera moss

names: Неккера сплюснутая

names:
Glattes Flagellen-Neckermoos
Glattes Neckermoos

names: Аленієля сплющена

names:
fjädermossa
platt fjädermossa

names:
flatfellmose
vanlig fellmose

value: nonvascular

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol NECO8

license: public domain


slug: alleniella-ehrenbergii

scientific: Alleniella ehrenbergii

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Enroth

epithet: ehrenbergii

Alleniella valentiniana

authorship: (Besch.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt

Neckera borgeniana

authorship: Kiaer ex Paris

Neckera borgenii

authorship: Kiaer ex Renauld

Neckera dorbignyana

authorship: Lorentz

Neckera leptophylla

authorship: Schimp.

Neckera liebmannii

authorship: Schimp. ex Besch.

Neckera orbignyana

authorship: Besch.

Neckera spruceana

authorship: Mitt.

Neckeradelphus spruceanus

authorship: (Mitt.) Steere

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: alleniella-hymenodonta

scientific: Alleniella hymenodonta

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt

epithet: hymenodonta

Neckera aurescens

authorship: Hampe

Neckera leichhardtii

authorship: Hampe & Müll.Hal.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: alleniella-laevigata

scientific: Alleniella laevigata

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Enroth

epithet: laevigata

Camptochaete brachydictya

authorship: Dixon

Neckera laevigata

authorship: Hook.f. & Wilson


slug: alleniella-scabridens

scientific: Alleniella scabridens

epithet: scabridens

Neckera argentinica

authorship: Lorentz ex Müll.Hal.

Neckera berteroana

authorship: Schimp. ex Mitt.

Neckera missionum

authorship: Sehnem

Neckera scabridens var. porteri

authorship: Thér.

Neckera trabeculata

authorship: Herzog


slug: allenrolfea-occidentalis

scientific: Allenrolfea occidentalis

authorship: (S.Watson) Kuntze

genus: Allenrolfea

epithet: occidentalis

family: Chenopodiaceae

preferred: California greasewood

english:
California greasewood
burroweed
iodine bush
iodinebush
pickleweed

Allenrolfea mexicana

authorship: Lundell

Salicornia occidentalis

authorship: (S.Watson) Greene

codes: ARI CAL IDA MXE MXN NEV NWM ORE TEX UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1789 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: burroweed pickleweed

names:
chamiso del agua
chamiso verde

partners:
Eustixia octonalis
Zonotrichia leucophrys

value: subshrub

authors: Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 546

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allenrolfea-patagonica

scientific: Allenrolfea patagonica

authorship: (Moq.) Kuntze

epithet: patagonica

Halostachys patagonica

authorship: Moq.

codes: AGE AGW

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: allenrolfea-vaginata

scientific: Allenrolfea vaginata

authorship: (Griseb.) Kuntze

epithet: vaginata

codes: AGE AGW AGS

Argentina South

code: AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: alliaria-petiolata

scientific: Alliaria petiolata

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

genus: Alliaria

epithet: petiolata

family: Brassicaceae

published_in: Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 3: 418 (1913)

preferred: garlic mustard

english:
garlic mustard
Garlic Mustard

source: inat

Alliaria alliacea

authorship: Britten & Rendle

Alliaria alliaria

authorship: (L.) Britton

Alliaria fuchsii

authorship: Rupr.

Alliaria officinalis

authorship: Andrz. ex DC.

Arabis alliaria

authorship: (L.) Bernh.

Clypeola alliacea

authorship: Crantz

Crucifera alliaria

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

Erysimum alliaceum

authorship: Salisb.

Erysimum alliaria

authorship: L.

Erysimum cordifolium

authorship: Pall.

Hesperis alliaria

authorship: (L.) Lam.

Pallavicinia alliaria

authorship: (L.) Cocc.

Sisymbrium alliaria

authorship: (L.) Scop.

Sisymbrium truncatum

authorship: Dulac

codes: ALG MOR TUN AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ KAZ KGZ LBS NCS PAL TZK CHT TCS TKM TUR UZB CHX MYA NEP PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tibet

code: CHT

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Diallyl-sulfide

activities:
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Colon)
Anticancer (Liver)
Anticancer (Stomach)
Antimutagenic
Antioxidant
Antiseptic
Antistaphylococcic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Allyl-isothiocyanate

activities: Allergenic Antiasthmatic Antifeedant Antimutagenic Antiseptic Cancer-Preventive Counterirritant Decongestant

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Benzyl-isothiocyanate

activities: Albuminurigenic Allergenic Anthelmintic Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Antibiotic Antimutagenic Antineoplastic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
ثومية معنقة
سمارة ثومية

names:
Чесночник лекарственный
Чесночница черешковая

names: Кінський часник черешковий

names: אליאריה שומית

names: Αλλιάρια η φαρμακευτική

partners:
Aglais io
Altica oleracea
Anania funebris
Andrena afrensis
Andrena agilissima
Andrena bicolor
Andrena distinguenda
Andrena dorsata

partners:
Andrena haemorrhoa
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pratorum
Eristalis arbustorum
Melanostoma mellina
Platycheirus albimanus
Acalymma vittatum
Adela viridella

partners:
Actina viridis
Andrena strohmella
Denticollis rubens
Erysiphe alliariicola
Phyllotreta undulata

partners:
Amara ovata
Cauchas rufimitrella
Ceutorhynchus constrictus
Chloris chloris
Linaria cannabina
Phaedon cochleariae
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis

partners:
Betacarmovirus brassicae
Chlorocytus polichna
Erysiphe alliariicola
Erysiphe cruciferarum
Eurytoma
Leptosphaeria maculans
Liriomyza brassicae
Stenomalina gracilis

partners:
Erysiphe alliariicola
Hyaloperonospora niessliana
Leptosphaeria maculans
Turnip mosaic virus

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: allionia-choisyi

scientific: Allionia choisyi

authorship: Standl.

genus: Allionia

epithet: choisyi

family: Nyctaginaceae

published_in: Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 310 (1931)

preferred: annual windmills

source: wikidata

Allionia glabra

authorship: (Choisy) Standl.

Allionia incarnata f. glutinosissima

authorship: Heimerl

Allionia incarnata var. glabra

authorship: Choisy

Wedeliella glabra

authorship: (Choisy) Cockerell

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NWM TEX UTA AGE AGW BOL GUA HAI

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

Haiti

code: HAI

region: Caribbean

lifeform: annual or subshrub

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
annual windmills
trailing-four-o'clock

names:
Hierba de la hormiga
Yerba del golpe

value: annual

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 310


slug: allionia-incarnata

scientific: Allionia incarnata

epithet: incarnata

preferred: Trailing Windmills

english:
Trailing Windmills
trailing windmills

Allionia brandurriae

authorship: Phil.

Allionia craterimorpha

authorship: Rusby

Allionia cristata

authorship: (Standl.) Standl.

Allionia incarnata f. cristata

authorship: (Standl.) Heimerl

Allionia malacoides

authorship: Benth.

Wedelia incarnata

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Wedeliella cristata

authorship: (Standl.) Cockerell

Wedeliella incarnata

authorship: (L.) Cockerell

codes: ARI CAL COL MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NEV NWM OKL TEX UTA AGE AGW AGS BOL CLN CLM CUB DOM ECU GUA HAI PER URU VEN VNA

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Nevada

code: NEV

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile North

code: CLN

Colombia

code: CLM

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2041 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
trailing windmills
Trailing Four o'Clock

names: Аллиония мясо-красная

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Acmaeodera alicia
Ashmeadiella
Battus philenor
Chlosyne californica
Eurema mexicana
Hemiargus ceraunus
Heterostylum robustum

partners:
Agapostemon angelicus
Agapostemon obliquus
Andrena auricoma
Anthidium cockerelli
Anthophora curta
Anthophorula compactula
Anthophorula rufiventris
Apis mellifera

partners:
Hesperotettix viridis
Melanoplus arizonae
Melanoplus desultorius
Melanoplus gladstoni
Apis mellifera
Nathalis iole

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: allium-aaseae

scientific: Allium aaseae

authorship: Ownbey

genus: Allium

epithet: aaseae

family: Amaryllidaceae

published_in: Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 18: 38 (1950)

preferred: South Idaho onion

Idaho

code: IDA

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
South Idaho onion
Aase's onion

source: GIFT

value: geophyte

authors: Ownbey

published_in: Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 18: 38

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-abramsii

scientific: Allium abramsii

authorship: (Traub) McNeal

epithet: abramsii

preferred: Abrams' allium

Allium fimbriatum var. abramsii

authorship: Ownbey & Aase ex Traub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Abrams' allium
Abrams' onion

authors: (Traub) McNeal

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-acuminatum

scientific: Allium acuminatum

authorship: Hook.

epithet: acuminatum

preferred: tapertip onion

Allium acuminatum var. cuspidatum

authorship: Fernald

Allium cuspidatum

authorship: (Fernald) Rydb.

Allium elwesii

authorship: Regel

codes: ARI BRC CAL COL IDA NEV NWM ORE UTA WAS WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1981 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tapertip onion
Hooker's onion

names: Лук остроконечный

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Ceratina acantha
Ceratina nanula
Erynnis propertius
Eupeodes volucris
Halictus confusus
Halictus rubicundus
Lasioglossum knereri

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus huntii
Bombus vancouverensis vancouverensis
Pontia beckerii
Andrena chapmanae
Andrena transnigra
Anthidium atrifrons
Anthophora edwardsii

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Megachile perihirta
Speyeria callippe

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

label: Growth rate


slug: allium-acutiflorum

scientific: Allium acutiflorum

authorship: Loisel.

epithet: acutiflorum

Allium multiflorum var. acutiflorum

authorship: (Loisel.) Nyman

Allium rotundum

authorship: All.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG MOR COR FRA ITA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ail à fleurs aiguës
Ail à fleurs aigües

authors: Loisel.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-affine

scientific: Allium affine

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: affine

Allium artvinense

authorship: Miscz. ex Grossh.

Allium margaritaceum var. affine

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel

Allium mishtshenkoanum

authorship: Grossh.

codes: IRN IRQ LBS NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

value: Jun-Aug

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

authors: Ledeb.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-altaicum

scientific: Allium altaicum

authorship: Pall.

epithet: altaicum

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 2: 737 (1773)

Allium ceratophyllum

authorship: Besser ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium microbulbum

authorship: Prokh.

Allium sapidissimum

authorship: Pall. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ CHM MON TVA CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names: 天韭 阿尔泰葱

names:
luk altajskij
Лук алтайский

names:
Altain Songino
Zerleg Songino

value: perennial

value: Jul-Aug

authors: Pall.

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 2(2): 737

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: allium-amethystinum

scientific: Allium amethystinum

authorship: Tausch

epithet: amethystinum

Allium segetum

authorship: Jan ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium sphaerocephalon subsp. rollii

authorship: (A.Terracc.) K.Richt.

Allium stojanovii

authorship: Kov.

codes: CYP EAI TUR ALB BUL GRC ITA KRI YUG SIC

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sicilia

code: SIC

names: Лук аметистовый

label: Growth habit

authors: Tausch

published_in: in Syll. Ratlb. ii. 256

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: allium-ampeloprasum

scientific: Allium ampeloprasum

authorship: L.

epithet: ampeloprasum

preferred: Broadleaf wild leek

english:
Broadleaf wild leek
broadleaf wild leek
garden leek

Allium adscendens

authorship: Kunth

Allium albescens

authorship: Guss.

Allium ampeloprasum f. holmense

authorship: (Asch. & Graebn.) Holmboe

name: Allium ampeloprasum subsp. euampeloprasum

authorship: Hayek

Allium ampeloprasum subsp. halleri

authorship: Nyman

Allium ampeloprasum subsp. leucanthum

authorship: (K.Koch) K.Richt.

Allium ampeloprasum subsp. porrum

authorship: (L.) Hayek

Allium ampeloprasum subsp. thessalum

authorship: (Boiss.) Nyman

Allium ampeloprasum var. babingtonii

authorship: (Borrer) Syme

Allium ampeloprasum var. bertolonii

authorship: (De Not.) Nyman

Allium ampeloprasum var. bulbiferum

authorship: Syme

Allium ampeloprasum var. bulgaricum

authorship: Podp.

Allium ampeloprasum var. caudatum

authorship: Pamp.

Allium ampeloprasum var. gasparrinii

authorship: (Guss.) Nyman

Allium ampeloprasum var. gracile

authorship: Cavara

Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Allium ampeloprasum var. leucanthum

authorship: (K.Koch) Ledeb.

Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum

authorship: (L.) J.Gay

Allium ampeloprasum var. pylium

authorship: (De Not.) Asch. & Graebn.

Allium ascendens

authorship: Ten.

Allium babingtonii

authorship: Borrer

Allium bertoloni

authorship: De Not.

Allium durieuanum

authorship: Walp.

Allium halleri

authorship: Bab.

Allium holmense

authorship: Mill. ex Kunth

Allium kurrat

authorship: Schweinf. ex K.Krause

Allium laetum

authorship: Salisb.

Allium leucanthum var. tridentatum

authorship: Ogan.

Allium lineare

authorship: Mill.

Allium multiflorum

authorship: DC.

Allium porraceum

authorship: Gray

Allium porrum subsp. euampeloprasum

authorship: Breistr.

Allium porrum var. ampeloprasum

authorship: (L.) Mirb.

Allium porrum var. kurrat

authorship: (Schweinf. ex K.Krause) Seregin

Allium scopulicola

authorship: Font Quer

Allium scorodoprasum subsp. babingtonii

authorship: (Borrer) Nyman

Allium syriacum

authorship: Boiss.

Porrum amethystinum

authorship: Rchb.

Porrum ampeloprasum

authorship: (L.) Mill.

codes: ALG EGY ETH LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL SIN TCS TKM TUR UZB ALB BAL BUL FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1193 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Alliin

activities: Antiaggregant Antibacterial Antibiotic Antidiabetic Antihepatotoxic Antineuralgic Antioxidant Antiplatelet

Polyphenols

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antiangiogenic Antibacterial Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Chlorogenic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiatherosclerotic

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

Esculetin

activities: 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic? Antibacterial Anticapillary-Fragility Antidysenteric Antiescherichic

partners:
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
Delta unguiculatum
Episyrphus balteatus
Hylaeus
Hylaeus punctulatissimus
Oxythyrea funesta
Platycheirus

partners:
Anthrenus verbasci
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vosnesenskii
Braconidae
Delta unguiculatum
Dolichovespula sylvestris
Eumenes
Hylaeus punctulatissimus

partners:
Ancistrocerus kerneri
Andrena prunorum
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Delta caffrum
Eumenes
Isodontia auripes
Monobia quadridens

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes lineatus
Agriotes sputator
Agrotis segetum
Andrena thoracica
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana
Aphis fabae

partners:
Cuscuta campestris
Halticoptera izzetbaysali
Puccinia allii
Trichogramma cacaeciae
Trichogramma dendrolimi
Trichogramma evanescens

partners:
Beet ringspot virus
Glomus
Leek white stripe virus
Phytomyza gymnostoma
Pseudomonas syringae
Pyrenochaeta terrestris
Rhizophagus intraradices
Tomato black ring virus


slug: allium-amplectens

scientific: Allium amplectens

authorship: Torr.

epithet: amplectens

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5; 4): 148 (1857)

preferred: narrowleaf onion

Allium attenuatum

authorship: Kellogg

Allium attenuifolium var. monospermum

authorship: (Jeps. ex Greene) Jeps.

Allium monospermum

authorship: Jeps. ex Greene

Allium reticulatum

authorship: Benth.

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
narrowleaf onion
narrow-leaved onion

names: Лук охватывающий

partners:
Aporus
Blera
Bombus californicus
Ceratina acantha
Colletes kincaidii
Eristalis arbustorum
Eristalis hirta
Eristalis tenax

label: Flower-visited by

label: Eaten by

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus sitkensis
Chlosyne palla
Eresia aveyrona mylitta
Trichodes ornatus

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Woodiness

authors: Torr.

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 4): 148


slug: allium-anceps

scientific: Allium anceps

epithet: anceps

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 109 (1863)

preferred: twinleaf onion

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 279 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
twinleaf onion
Kellogg's onion

names: Лук обоюдоострый

label: Life cycle

authors: Kellogg

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 109, t. 32

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-angulosum

scientific: Allium angulosum

authorship: L.

epithet: angulosum

preferred: chives

english:
chives
mouse garlic
wild chives
Chinese chives

Allium acutangulum

authorship: Schrad.

Allium acutangulum var. senescens

authorship: Nyman

Allium angulare

authorship: Pall.

Allium angulosum

authorship: Krock.

Allium angulosum subsp. latifolium

authorship: (Regel) K.Richt.

Allium angulosum var. danubiale

authorship: (Spreng.) Trevir.

Allium angulosum var. latifolium

authorship: Regel

Allium calcareum

authorship: Wallr.

Allium danubiale

authorship: Spreng.

Allium inodorum

authorship: Willd.

Allium microcephalum

authorship: Willd. ex Kunth

Allium odorum

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

Allium stramineum

authorship: Schur

Allium triquetrum

authorship: Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium uliginosum

authorship: Kanitz

Cepa angulosa

authorship: (L.) Bernh.

Maliga fastigiata

authorship: Raf.

Xylorhiza angulosa

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

codes: ALT KAZ KRA WSB AUT BLR BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG RUW POL ROM RUS SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

region: Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1521 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук угловатый

names: Цибуля гранчаста

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius canescens

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Lygaeus turcicus

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Anas platyrhynchos
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana
Bactericera tremblayi
Chromatomyia horticola
Chrysodeixis chalcites


slug: allium-anisopodium

scientific: Allium anisopodium

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: anisopodium

Allium anisopodium subsp. argunense

authorship: Peschkova

Allium tchefouense

authorship: Debeaux

Allium tenuissimum f. zimmermannianum

authorship: (Gilg) Q.S.Sun

authorship: (Gilg) Sun, Q.S.

Allium tenuissimum subsp. anisopodium

authorship: (Ledeb.) Printz

Allium tenuissimum var. anisopodium

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel

Allium zimmermannianum

authorship: Gilg

codes: ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KOR KRA CHM MON PRM TVA CHX YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 207 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 糙葶韭 埃韭

names: Лук неравнолучевой

names: Сарвуун сонгино

label: Height

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-antiatlanticum

scientific: Allium antiatlanticum

authorship: Emb. & Maire

epithet: antiatlanticum

published_in: Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 217 (1932)

name: Allium paniculatum subsp. antiatlanticum

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) Maire & Weiller

Allium paniculatum var. rifanum

authorship: Maire

codes: ALG MOR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

authors: Emb. & Maire

published_in: Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 1932, xxiii. 217

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: allium-atrorubens

scientific: Allium atrorubens

epithet: atrorubens

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 352 (1871)

preferred: darkred onion

Allium atrorubens subsp. inyonis

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Traub

Allium atrorubens var. inyonis

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Ownbey & Aase

Allium nevadense subsp. cristatum

authorship: (S.Watson) Traub & Ownbey

Allium nevadense var. cristatum

authorship: (S.Watson) Ownbey

codes: ARI CAL NEV UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
darkred onion
Dark Red Onion

names: Лук тёмно-красный

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 352

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-atroviolaceum

scientific: Allium atroviolaceum

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: atroviolaceum

preferred: broadleaf wild leek

name: Allium ampeloprasum subsp. atroviolaceum

authorship: (Boiss.) K.Richt.

Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum

authorship: (Boiss.) Regel

Allium atroviolaceum var. caucasicum

authorship: Sommier & Levier

name: Allium atroviolaceum var. firmotunicatum

authorship: (Fomin) Grossh.

Allium atroviolaceum var. ruderale

authorship: Grossh.

Allium firmotunicatum

authorship: Fomin

codes: AFG IRN IRQ LBS NCS SAU TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB BUL CZE GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM TUE UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 211 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
broadleaf wild leek
Black-violet Leek

names: Цибуля темно-фіолетова

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-bigelovii

scientific: Allium bigelovii

epithet: bigelovii

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 487 (1871)

preferred: Bigelow's onion

codes: ARI NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life form

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 487, t. 38, f. 8 & 9

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-bisceptrum

scientific: Allium bisceptrum

epithet: bisceptrum

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 351 (1871)

preferred: twincrest onion

Allium bisceptrum var. palmeri

authorship: (S.Watson) Cronquist

codes: ARI CAL IDA NEV NWM ORE UTA

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 618 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
twincrest onion
aspen onion

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 351 & 487, t. 37, f. 1-3


slug: allium-bolanderi

scientific: Allium bolanderi

epithet: bolanderi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 229 (1879)

preferred: Bolander's onion

Allium bolanderi var. stenanthum

authorship: (Drew) Jeps.

Allium stenanthum

authorship: Drew

codes: CAL ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук Боландера

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 229

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-brandegeei

scientific: Allium brandegeei

epithet: brandegeei

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 380 (1882)

preferred: Brandegee's onion

Allium diehlii

authorship: (M.E.Jones) M.E.Jones

codes: COL IDA MNT NEV ORE UTA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Montana

code: MNT

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 267 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xvii. (1881-82) 380


slug: allium-brevistylum

scientific: Allium brevistylum

epithet: brevistylum

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 350 (1871)

preferred: Short-styled Onion

english:
Short-styled Onion
shortstyle onion

codes: COL IDA MNT NWM UTA WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 475 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Short-styled Onion
shortstyle onion

published_in: Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 350


slug: allium-burlewii

scientific: Allium burlewii

authorship: Davidson

epithet: burlewii

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 15: 17 (1916)

preferred: Burlew's onion

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 171 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Davidson

published_in: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 15: 17


slug: allium-caeruleum

scientific: Allium caeruleum

authorship: Pall.

epithet: caeruleum

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 2: 737 (1773)

Allium azureum

authorship: Ledeb.

Allium viviparum

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

codes: ALT KAZ KGZ TZK UZB CHX RUE RUS

Altay

code: ALT

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 283 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
blue allium
blue-of-the-heavens

names: 薤白 棱叶韭

names:
Blaulauch
sibirischer Enzianlauch

label: Flowering months

value: Jun-Jul

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 2(2): 737

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-campanulatum

scientific: Allium campanulatum

epithet: campanulatum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 231 (1879)

preferred: dusky onion

Allium campanulatum var. bidwelliae

authorship: (S.Watson) Jeps.

codes: CAL NEV ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1275 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dusky onion
Sierra Onion

names: Лук колокольчатый

partners:
Lasioglossum cembrilacus
Bombus occidentalis

value: herb

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 231


slug: allium-canadense

scientific: Allium canadense

authorship: L.

epithet: canadense

preferred: Canadian Meadow garlic

english:
Canadian Meadow garlic
Canada Garlic
Canada Onion
Canadian Garlic
Meadow Garlic
Meadow garlic
Meadow onion
Wild Onion
Wild onion
meadow garlic
wild garlic
wild onion

source: inat

Allium acetabulum

authorship: (Raf.) Shinners

Allium acetabulum var. lavendulare

authorship: (Bates) Shinners

Allium arenicola

authorship: Small

Allium canadense

authorship: Herb. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium canadense subsp. ecristatum

authorship: (Ownbey) Traub & Ownbey

Allium canadense subsp. hyacinthoides

authorship: (Bush) Traub & Ownbey

Allium canadense subsp. lavendulare

authorship: (Bates) Traub & Ownbey

Allium canadense subsp. mobilense

authorship: (Regel) Traub & Ownbey

Allium canadense var. ovoideum

authorship: Farw.

Allium hyacinthoides

authorship: Bush

Allium lavendulare

authorship: Bates

Allium mobilense

authorship: Regel

Allium mutabile

authorship: Michx.

Allium zenobiae

authorship: Cory

Geboscon acetabulum

authorship: Raf.

Kalabotis canadensis

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apoidea
Atalopedes huron
Bombus griseocollis
Colias eurytheme
Euptoieta claudia
Junonia coenia
Strymon melinus
Toxomerus geminatus

partners:
Junonia coenia
Sceliphron caementarium
Strymon melinus
Toxomerus marginatus

partners:
Anthrenus verbasci
Junonia coenia
Sceliphron caementarium
Toxomerus geminatus
Toxomerus marginatus


slug: allium-canariense

scientific: Allium canariense

authorship: (Regel) N.Friesen & P.Schönfelder

epithet: canariense

Allium subhirsutum subsp. obtusitepalum

authorship: (Svent.) G.Kunkel

Allium trifoliatum subsp. obtusitepalum

authorship: Svent.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 288 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower colour

value: pink

value: Dec-Mar

authors: (Regel) N.Friesen & P.Schönfelder

published_in: Phytotaxa 221(1): 13

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-carinatum

scientific: Allium carinatum

authorship: L.

epithet: carinatum

preferred: toothed onion

source: usda

Allium calcareum

authorship: Reut.

Allium carinatum subsp. asperum

authorship: (G.Don) K.Richt.

Allium carinatum subsp. violaceum

authorship: (Nyman) K.Richt.

Allium carinatum var. asperum

authorship: (G.Don) Nyman

Allium carinatum var. consimile

authorship: (Jord. ex Gren. & Godr.) Nyman

Allium carinatum var. flexum

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman

Allium carinatum var. violaceum

authorship: Nyman

Allium cirrhosum

authorship: Vand.

Allium coloratum

authorship: Spreng.

Allium consimile

authorship: Jord. ex Gren. & Godr.

Allium denticulatum

authorship: Kit.

Allium flavum var. pulchellum

authorship: (G.Don) Regel

Allium flexifolium

authorship: Jord.

Allium flexum

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Allium flexum var. flexifolium

authorship: (Jord. ex Gren. & Godr.) Jauzein & J.-M.Tison

Allium flexuosum

authorship: Host

Allium foetidum

authorship: Willd.

Allium fuscum

authorship: Schrad. ex Hornem.

Allium ligusticum

authorship: De Not.

Allium monserratense

authorship: Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange

Allium montenegrinum

authorship: Beck & Szyszyl.

Allium paniculatum var. violaceum

authorship: (Willd.) Trevir.

Allium pratense

authorship: Schleich. ex Kunth

Allium purpureum

authorship: Schur

Cepa carinata

authorship: (L.) Bernh.

Codonoprasum carinatum

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

Codonoprasum consimile

authorship: (Jord. ex Gren. & Godr.) Fourr.

Codonoprasum paniculatum

authorship: Rchb.

Codonoprasum pulchellum

authorship: (Regel) Fourr.

Raphione carinata

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

codes: TUR ALB AUT BLT BUL CZE DEN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG RUW POL ROM SWE SWI TUE UKR

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Sweden

code: SWE

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 742 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук килеватый

names:
Gekielter Lauch
Gekielter Lauch i. w. S.

names: Цибуля кілювата

names: Άλλιο το Τροπιοειδές

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Apis mellifera
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum


slug: allium-carolinianum

scientific: Allium carolinianum

authorship: Redouté

epithet: carolinianum

Allium aitchisonii

authorship: Boiss.

Allium obtusifolium

authorship: Klotzsch

Allium platyspathum var. falcatum

authorship: Regel

Allium polyphyllum

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

Allium thomsonii

authorship: Baker

codes: AFG CHI KAZ KGZ MON TZK CHT UZB CHX EHM NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tibet

code: CHT

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук каролинский

value: non-woody

authors: Redouté

published_in: Liliac. [Redouté] 2: t. 101


slug: allium-cepa

scientific: Allium cepa

authorship: L.

epithet: cepa

preferred: garden onion

Allium aobanum

authorship: Araki

Allium ascalonicum f. rotterianum

authorship: Voss ex J.Becker

Allium ascalonicum var. condensum

authorship: Millán

Allium cepa var. anglicum

authorship: Alef.

Allium cepa var. viviparum

authorship: (Metzg.) Alef.

Allium commune

authorship: Noronha

Allium cumaria

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Allium esculentum

authorship: Salisb.

Allium napus

authorship: Pall. ex Kunth

Allium pauciflorum

authorship: Willd. ex Ledeb.

Allium salota

authorship: Dostál

Cepa esculenta

authorship: Gray

Cepa vulgaris

authorship: Garsault

Kepa esculenta

authorship: Raf.

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 251 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Diphenylamine

activities: Antidiabetic Hypoglycemic Nephrotoxic

Protocatechuic-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Glucosidase-Inhibitor AntiLegionella Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antihepatotoxic

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
garden onion
Onion

names:
Cebolla
Cebolla cabezona

names: 红葱 楼子葱

names:
basal
بصل شائع

names:
репчатый лук
Лук

names:
Gemeine Zwiebel
Kuechen-Zwiebel

names:
Ail oignon, Oignon, Échalote
Echalote

names:
Bawang
Bawang Merah

names:
Cipolla comune
cipolla

names: Sogan soğan

names: ogba yangba

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthophora plumipes
Anthrenus verbasci
Bombus hypnorum

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vancouverensis vancouverensis
Bombus vosnesenskii
Brassicogethes aeneus
Acamptopoeum submetallicum
Agapostemon texanus

partners:
Andrena prunorum
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vancouverensis
Bombus vosnesenskii
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Halictus rubicundus
Hylaeus punctulatissimus

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Mamestra brassicae
Archips argyrospila
Asymmetrasca decedens
Bucephalogonia xanthophis
Chrysodeixis chalcites
Clepsis spectrana
Delia antiqua

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Ditylenchus dipsaci
Helicotylenchus
Puccinia allii
Spongospora subterranea
Urocystis magica

partners:
Ditylenchus dipsaci
Alternaria porri
Botryotinia squamosa
Botrytis aclada
Botrytis byssoidea
Fusarium proliferatum
Iris yellow spot virus
Onion yellow dwarf virus

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

key: succulence

label: Succulence


slug: allium-cernuum

scientific: Allium cernuum

authorship: Roth

epithet: cernuum

preferred: nodding onion

english:
nodding onion
Lady's leek
Nodding Onion
Nodding onion
nodding pink onion

Allium alatum

authorship: Schreb. ex Roth

Allium allegheniense

authorship: Small

Allium cernuum f. obtusum

authorship: Cockerell

Allium cernuum subsp. neomexicanum

authorship: (Rydb.) Traub & Ownbey

Allium cernuum subsp. obtusum

authorship: (Cockerell) Traub & Ownbey

Allium cernuum var. neomexicanum

authorship: (Rydb.) J.F.Macbr.

Allium cernuum var. obtusum

authorship: (Cockerell) Cockerell

Allium neomexicanum

authorship: Rydb.

Allium nutans

authorship: Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium oxyphilum

authorship: Wherry

Allium tricorne

authorship: Poir.

Calliprena cernua

authorship: (Roth) Salisb.

Cepa cernua

authorship: (Roth) Moench

Gynodon cernuus

authorship: (Roth) Raf.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ALA ABT ARI ARK BRC COL WDC GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KTY MRY MXE MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NWM NWY NCA OHI ONT ORE PEN SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1942 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Apis mellifera
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus occidentalis
Bombusflavifrons
Bombusmixtus
Buprestidae

partners:
Anthidium mormonum
Anthidium utahense
Ashmeadiella cactorum
Bombus centralis
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus rufocinctus
Bombus vagans

partners:
Acanalonia bivittata
Anthidium oblongatum
Apis mellifera
Bombus centralis
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus rufocinctus

partners:
Anthidium oblongatum
Apis mellifera
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vancouverensis vancouverensis
Melissodes bimaculatus
Monobia quadridens
Parancistrocerus fulvipes


slug: allium-chamaemoly

scientific: Allium chamaemoly

authorship: L.

epithet: chamaemoly

preferred: Dwarf garlic

source: wikidata

Allium chamaemoly var. littoralis

authorship: (Jord. & Fourr.) Maire & Weiller

Allium columnae

authorship: Bubani

Nectaroscordum chamaemoly

authorship: (L.) Galasso & Banfi

Saturnia cernua

authorship: Maratti

Saturnia chamaemoly

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Saturnia etrusca

authorship: Jord. & Fourr.

codes: ALG MOR TUN EAI ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA YUG SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 331 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Moly bajo
Moly pequeño

names:
Ail petit Moly
Petit ail doré

authors: L.


slug: allium-clathratum

scientific: Allium clathratum

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: clathratum

codes: ALT KAZ KRA MON TVA WSB CHX

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук решетчатый

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: Jul

label: Fruit type

published_in: Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour]. 2: 18

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-columbianum

scientific: Allium columbianum

authorship: (Ownbey & Mingrone) P.M.Peterson, Annable & Rieseberg

epithet: columbianum

preferred: Columbian onion

Allium douglasii var. columbianum

authorship: Ownbey & Mingrone

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: allium-commutatum

scientific: Allium commutatum

authorship: Guss.

epithet: commutatum

Allium aestivale

authorship: Gand.

Allium ampeloprasum subsp. bimetrale

authorship: (Gand.) Hayek

Allium ampeloprasum var. commutatum

authorship: (Guss.) Fiori

Allium ampeloprasum var. lussinense

authorship: Haracic

Allium ampeloprasum var. pruinosum

authorship: Boiss.

Allium pruinosum

authorship: Candargy

Allium rotundum subsp. commutatum

authorship: (Guss.) Nyman

Allium wildii

authorship: Heldr.

codes: ALG TUN EAI TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC

Algeria

code: ALG

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 512 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
Sea Garlic
maritime wild leek

names: Лук переменчивый

names:
ail des îles
Ail variable, Ail des îles

names:
Aglio delle isole
Aglio delle isole Allu

label: Visited by

source: GIFT

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: allium-condensatum

scientific: Allium condensatum

authorship: Turcz.

epithet: condensatum

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(II): 121 (1854)

Allium jaluanum

authorship: Nakai

codes: AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI KHA KOR CHM MON PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 黄花韭 埃韭

value: Jul-Sep

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Turcz.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 121

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: allium-coryi

scientific: Allium coryi

epithet: coryi

preferred: yellowflower onion

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

names:
yellowflower onion
Cory's onion

label: Growth habit

published_in: Contr. W. Bot. 17: 21

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-cratericola

scientific: Allium cratericola

authorship: Eastw.

epithet: cratericola

preferred: Cascade Onion

english:
Cascade Onion
Cascade onion

Allium parvum var. jacintense

authorship: Munz

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 389 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cascade onion
Volcanic Onion

authors: Eastw.

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 132

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: allium-crenulatum

scientific: Allium crenulatum

authorship: Wiegand

epithet: crenulatum

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 135 (1899)

preferred: Olympic onion

Allium vancouverense

authorship: Macoun

Allium watsonii

authorship: Howell

codes: BRC ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 777 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Olympic onion
scalloped onion

names: Лук мелкогородчатый

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Wiegand

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26(3): 135, t. 355

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: allium-cretaceum

scientific: Allium cretaceum

authorship: N.Friesen & Seregin

epithet: cretaceum

codes: KAZ RUC RUE

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Central European Russia

code: RUC

region: Eastern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 256 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: N.Friesen & Seregin

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-crispum

scientific: Allium crispum

authorship: Greene

epithet: crispum

preferred: crinkled onion

Allium peninsulare var. crispum

authorship: (Greene) Jeps.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 342 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук курчавый

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: Greene

published_in: Pittonia 1(4): 166


slug: allium-cristophii

scientific: Allium cristophii

authorship: Trautv.

epithet: cristophii

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 268 (1884)

preferred: Persian onion

english:
Persian onion
star of Persia

Allium bodeanum

authorship: Regel

Caloscordum cristophii

authorship: (Trautv.) Banfi & Galasso

codes: IRN TKM TUR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 308 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Persian onion
star of Persia

names: 纸花葱 纸花韭

names: Лук Христофа

names: Sternkugel-Lauch Sternkugellauch

names:
ail à boule étoilée
Étoile de Perse

names:
Czosnek Krzysztofa
Czosnek białawy

partners:
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Agapostemon virescens
Apis mellifera
Bombus auricomus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens

label: Eaten by

value: Dec-Jun

source: Wikidata

authors: Trautv.

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-cuthbertii

scientific: Allium cuthbertii

authorship: Small

epithet: cuthbertii

preferred: striped garlic

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Woodiness

authors: Small

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-daninianum

scientific: Allium daninianum

authorship: Brullo, Pavone & Salmeri

epithet: daninianum

codes: LBS PAL

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 227 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Brullo, Pavone & Salmeri

published_in: Willdenowia 26(1–2): 239

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-decipiens

scientific: Allium decipiens

authorship: Fisch. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

epithet: decipiens

Allium bifolium

authorship: Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Allium chloranthum

authorship: Avé-Lall. ex Regel

Allium moly

authorship: Georgi

codes: ALT NCS TCS TUR WSB RUC RUE RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

West Siberia

code: WSB

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 星花蒜 蓝花葱

names: Цибуля оманна

label: Life cycle

value: May-Jun

authors: Fisch. ex Schult. & Schult.f.


slug: allium-delicatulum

scientific: Allium delicatulum

authorship: Siev. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

epithet: delicatulum

Allium pusillum

authorship: Willd.

Allium stenophyllum

authorship: Regel ex Herder

Allium viridulum

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

Allium willdenovi

authorship: Kunth

codes: KAZ WSB CHX RUE RUS

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

East European Russia

code: RUE

names: Лук привлекательный

label: Height

authors: Siev. ex Willd.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1133

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-diabolense

scientific: Allium diabolense

authorship: (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) McNeal

epithet: diabolense

preferred: serpentine onion

Allium fimbriatum var. diabolense

authorship: Ownbey & Aase ex Traub

California

code: CAL

names:
serpentine onion
Devil's Onion

authors: (Ownbey & Aase) McNeal

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-dichlamydeum

scientific: Allium dichlamydeum

authorship: Greene

epithet: dichlamydeum

preferred: coastal onion

Allium serratum var. dichlamydeum

authorship: (Greene) M.E.Jones

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 746 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: allium-drummondii

scientific: Allium drummondii

authorship: Regel

epithet: drummondii

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 112 (1875)

preferred: Drummond's Onion

english:
Drummond's Onion
Drummond's onion

Allium drummondii f. asexuale

authorship: Ownbey

Allium reticulatum var. nuttallii

authorship: (S.Watson) M.E.Jones

codes: ARK KAN MXE NEB NWM OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2005 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Drummond's onion
Wild Garlic

partners:
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Caenurgina erechtea
Colias eurytheme
Euptoieta claudia
Hylephila phyleus
Junonia coenia
Mitoura gryneus

authors: Regel

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada iii. (1875) 112


slug: allium-elmendorfii

scientific: Allium elmendorfii

authorship: M.E.Jones ex Ownbey

epithet: elmendorfii

published_in: Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 18: 218 (1950)

preferred: Elmendorf's onion

names:
Elmendorf's onion
Elmendorf onion

partners:
Ashmeadiella cactorum cactorum
Bombus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus centralis
Bombus fernaldae
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus insularis
Bombus sylvicola

published_in: Contr. W. Bot. 18: 20

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-ericetorum

scientific: Allium ericetorum

authorship: Thore

epithet: ericetorum

published_in: Essai Chloris : 123 (1803)

preferred: Chinese chives

Allium ambiguum

authorship: DC.

Allium chloranthum

authorship: Schur

name: Allium ericetorum subsp. pseudosuaveolens

authorship: (Zahar.) Ciocârlan

Allium graminifolium

authorship: Pers.

Allium haussmannii

authorship: Rouy

Allium ochroleucum

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

name: Allium ochroleucum subsp. pseudosuaveolens

authorship: Zahar.

Allium ochroleucum var. ericetorum

authorship: (Thore) Nyman

Allium odorum

authorship: Lapeyr.

Allium suaveolens

authorship: Duby

Allium szurulense

authorship: Lerchenf. ex Kanitz

Allium xanthicum

authorship: Griseb. & Schenk

codes: ALB AUT CZE FRA ITA YUG POR ROM SPA UKR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 270 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Data Deficient

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: CHALOTINHAS-DO-GERÊS SEVAS

names: Лук верещатниковый

names:
Ail des bruyères
Ail des landes

names:
rumenkasti luk
bledi luk

partners:
Adela australis
Amata phegea
Ancistrocerus antilope
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthrenus verbasci
Bombus hypnorum
Bombus terrestris
Bombylius canescens

partners:
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Agriotes sputator
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana
Bactericera tremblayi
Chromatomyia horticola
Chrysodeixis chalcites
Cynthia cardui


slug: allium-erubescens

scientific: Allium erubescens

epithet: erubescens

Allium brevicuspis

authorship: Boiss. & Buhse

Allium multiflorum

authorship: Regel

Allium serrulatum

authorship: Boiss.

codes: IRN NCS TCS KRY

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук краснеющий

label: Life form

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-falcifolium

scientific: Allium falcifolium

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: falcifolium

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 400 (1840)

preferred: scytheleaf onion

Allium falcifolium var. breweri

authorship: (S.Watson) M.E.Jones

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1464 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
scytheleaf onion
Sickle-leaf Onion

partners:
Erynnis propertius
Parnassius clodius

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Pontia sisymbrii

authors: Hook. & Arn.

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 400


slug: allium-fibrillum

scientific: Allium fibrillum

epithet: fibrillum

preferred: Cuddy Mountain onion

Allium collinum

authorship: Douglas ex S.Watson

authorship: Douglas

codes: IDA MNT ORE WAS

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cuddy Mountain onion
Blue Mountain Onion

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-filidens

scientific: Allium filidens

epithet: filidens

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 174 (1875)

Allium filidens subsp. ugamicum

authorship: (Vved.) R.M.Fritsch & F.O.Khass.

Allium ugami

authorship: Vved.

codes: AFG KAZ KGZ TZK UZB PAK

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Pakistan

code: PAK

region: Indian Subcontinent

names: Лук нитезубчатый

label: Flowering months

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada iii. II. (1875) 174

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-fimbriatum

scientific: Allium fimbriatum

epithet: fimbriatum

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 232 (1879)

preferred: fringed onion

Allium anserinum

authorship: Jeps.

Allium denticulatum

authorship: (Ownbey & Aase ex Traub) McNeal

Allium fimbriatum subsp. mohavense

authorship: (Jeps.) Traub & Ownbey

Allium fimbriatum subsp. purdyi

authorship: (Eastw.) Traub & Ownbey

Allium fimbriatum var. parryi

authorship: (S.Watson) Ownbey & Aase

Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi

authorship: (Eastw.) Ownbey & Aase

Allium mohavense

authorship: (Jeps.) Tidestr.

Allium purdyi

authorship: Eastw.

codes: CAL MXN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 275 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiv. (1879) 232

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: allium-fistulosum

scientific: Allium fistulosum

authorship: L.

epithet: fistulosum

preferred: welsh onion

Allium bouddae

authorship: Debeaux

Allium fistulosum var. caespitosum

authorship: Makino

Allium kashgaricum

authorship: Prokh.

Allium moly

authorship: Griseb. & Schur ex Regel

Allium moschatum

authorship: Sint. ex Regel

Allium ochroleucum

authorship: Rchb.

Allium paniculatum

authorship: Ker Gawl.

Allium rupestre

authorship: Fisch. ex Schrank

Allium savranicum

authorship: Besser

Allium saxatile

authorship: Pall.

Allium stevenii

authorship: Willd. ex Ledeb.

Allium tauricum

authorship: (Besser ex Rchb.) Grossh.

authorship: Pall. ex G.Don

Allium tenuifolium

authorship: Schur

Cepa fissilis

authorship: Garsault

Cepa fistulosa

authorship: (L.) Gray

Cepa ventricosa

authorship: Moench

Kepa fistulosa

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Phyllodolon fistulosum

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Porrum fistulosum

authorship: (L.) Schur

Schoenissa caucasea

authorship: Salisb.

codes: CHN CHC

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 134 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
welsh onion
Japanese bunching onion

names:
Cebolla Larga
Cebollina

names: 葱 葱汁

names: Cebolinha cebola-verde

names:
luk batun
luk dudčatyj

names: negi オオネブカ

names: Heckenzwiebel Röhren-Zwiebel

names:
Ail fistuleux
Ail fistuleux, Ciboule

names:
Cipolla d'inverno
aglio fistoloso

names: ba 파

names:
Grof bieslook
Stengelui

names:
Cebula siedmiolatka
Czosnek dęty

names: Kamröllika Nysört

names:
Almindelig Røllike
Nyse-Røllike

names: Ojakärsämö Siankärsämö

partners:
Macropis
Apis cerana
Eucera
Apis mellifera
Colias erate
Episyrphus balteatus
Pieris rapae
Vespa velutina

partners:
Oedemera femorata
Oxythyrea funesta
Pelopidas sinensis

partners:
Neotoxoptera formosana
Spodoptera exigua
Acrolepiopsis assectella
Aeolothrips intermedius
Agriotes sputator
Aloa lactinea
Aphanotrigonum trilineatum
Aphelia unitana

label: Pathogens

partners:
Olpidium virulentus
Peronospora destructor
Pyrenochaeta terrestris
Shallot yellow stripe virus

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-flavescens

scientific: Allium flavescens

epithet: flavescens

Allium angulosum var. flavescens

authorship: (Besser) Regel

codes: ALT KAZ WSB BUL RUE ROM RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

East European Russia

code: RUE

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 488 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лук желтеющий

names: Цибуля жовтіюча

authors: Besser

published_in: Enum. Pl. Volh. 56

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: allium-flavum

scientific: Allium flavum

authorship: L.

epithet: flavum

Allium amphipulchellum

authorship: Zahar.

Allium aristatum

authorship: Candargy

Allium callistemon

authorship: Webb ex Regel

Allium coloratum var. valdensium

authorship: (Reut.) Jauzein & J.-M.Tison

Allium flavum f. bulbilliferum

authorship: Priszter

Allium flavum subsp. adriaticum

authorship: Degen

Allium flavum subsp. valdensium

authorship: (Reut.) K.Richt.

Allium flavum var. adriaticum

authorship: (Degen) Soó

Allium flavum var. ruthenicum

authorship: Lange

Allium flavum var. sordideroseum

authorship: Czern.

Allium flavum var. tauricum

authorship: Besser ex Rchb.

Allium flavum var. webbii

authorship: (Clementi) Nyman

Allium montanum

authorship: Rchb.

Allium paczoskianum

authorship: Tuzson

Allium paniculatum

authorship: All.

Allium pseudopulchellum

authorship: Omelczuk

Allium pulchellum var. pallens

authorship: Nyman

Allium pulchellum var. valdensium

authorship: (Reut.) Nyman

Allium ruthenicum

authorship: Steud.

Allium sphaeropodum

authorship: Klokov

Allium valdensium

authorship: Reut.

Allium villosiusculum

authorship: Seregin

Allium webbii

authorship: Clementi

Cepa flava

authorship: (L.) Moench

Codonoprasum flavum

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

codes: ALG MOR EAI IRN KAZ NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BUL RUC CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM SIC RUS TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 641 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.