slug: euphorbia-rosea

scientific: Euphorbia rosea

authorship: Retz.

epithet: rosea

Anisophyllum roseum

authorship: (Retz.) Haw.

Chamaesyce auricularia

authorship: (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

Chamaesyce rosea

authorship: (Retz.) G.L.Webster

Euphorbia auricularia

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia rosea f. auricularia

authorship: (Boiss.) Gamble

Euphorbia satureioides

authorship: Lam.

Tithymalus rosea

authorship: (Retz.) Raf.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: AFG IRN IND LDV NEP PAK SRL VIE

Afghanistan

code: AFG

India

code: IND

Laccadive Is.

code: LDV

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

lifeform: perennial

authors: Retz.

published_in: Observ. Bot. (Retzius) iv. 26

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-rosescens

scientific: Euphorbia rosescens

authorship: E.L.Bridges & Orzell

genus: Euphorbia

epithet: rosescens

family: Euphorbiaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: scrub spurge

source: wikidata

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

Florida

code: FLA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 105 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
scrub spurge
Rosy-pink spurge

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: E.L.Bridges & Orzell

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: euphorbia-rossiana

scientific: Euphorbia rossiana

authorship: Pax

epithet: rossiana

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 162 (1910)

name: Euphorbia antisyphilitica var. luxurians

authorship: Miranda

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXC MXG MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: shrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Будинки Ісаковича на Гаванній вулиці

value: woody

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Pax

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 162

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

field: phenology


slug: euphorbia-rothiana

scientific: Euphorbia rothiana

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: rothiana

Euphorbia divergens

authorship: Klotzsch

Euphorbia glauca

authorship: Roxb.

Euphorbia javanica

authorship: Jungh.

Euphorbia laeta

authorship: Roth

Euphorbia lanceolaria

authorship: Herb.Heyne ex Wall.

authorship: Benth.

Euphorbia oreophila

authorship: Miq.

Euphorbia oreophila var. wightiana

authorship: (Boiss.) Boiss.

Euphorbia rothiana var. pubescens

authorship: (Boiss.) Oudejans

Euphorbia socialis

authorship: Zoll.

Tithymalus rothianus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CHC IND JAW LSI MYA SRL SUL

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

India

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sulawesi

code: SUL

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: wet tropical

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

value: chamaephyte

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 796

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-royleana

scientific: Euphorbia royleana

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: royleana

Euphorbia pentagona

authorship: Royle

codes: CHC CHS TAI ASS EHM IND MYA NEP PAK WHM

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: succulent shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай Ройля

value: shrub

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 83


slug: euphorbia-salicifolia

scientific: Euphorbia salicifolia

authorship: Host

epithet: salicifolia

Euphorbia incana

authorship: Schur

Euphorbia pallida

authorship: Willd.

name: Euphorbia salicifolia f. pseudosalicifolia

authorship: (Schur) Oudejans

Euphorbia salicifolia var. incana

authorship: (Schur) Nyman

name: Euphorbia salicifolia var. pseudosalicifolia

Euphorbia undulata

authorship: Schweigg.

Galarhoeus salicifolius

authorship: (Host) Haw.

Keraselma pallidum

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

Tithymalus salicifolius

authorship: (Host) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE GRC HUN YUG POL ROM TUE UKR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 88 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай иволистный

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

value: May-Jun

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-saratoi

scientific: Euphorbia saratoi

authorship: Ardoino

epithet: saratoi

published_in: Fl. Anal. Alpes-Mar. : 335 (1867)

Euphorbia boissieriana

authorship: (Woronow) Prokh.

Euphorbia esula subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Boiss.) Molero & Rovira

Euphorbia esula subsp. saratoi

authorship: (Ardoino) P.Fourn.

Euphorbia esula var. orientalis

authorship: (Boiss.) Kuzmanov

Euphorbia esula var. pseudotenuifolia

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia esula var. saratoi

authorship: (Ardoino) Fiori

Euphorbia hypoleuca

authorship: Prokh.

authorship: (Prokh.) Rech.f.

Euphorbia intercedens

authorship: Podp.

Euphorbia jucula

authorship: Prodan

Euphorbia orientalis

authorship: (Boiss.) Velen.

Euphorbia podperae

authorship: Croizat

Euphorbia virgata var. lutescens

authorship: Rehmann & Wol.

Euphorbia virgultosa

authorship: Klokov

Euphorbia waldsteinii subsp. saratoi

authorship: (Ardoino) Oudejans

Tithymalus boissierianus

authorship: Woronow

name: Tithymalus graminifolius subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Boiss.) Soják

name: Tithymalus tommasinianus subsp. virgultosus

authorship: (Klokov) Soják

Tithymalus virgultosus

authorship: (Klokov) Holub

codes: AFG ALT CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRN IRQ KAZ KRA TCS TKM TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX PAK WHM BLT RUC RUW POL ROM RUS UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Pakistan

code: PAK

Baltic States

code: BLT

Central European Russia

code: RUC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: فربيون بواسيري

names: Молочай Сарато

names:
Buschige Wolfsmilch
Falsche Ruten-Wolfsmilch

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-saxatilis

scientific: Euphorbia saxatilis

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: saxatilis

Tithymalus saxatilis

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

authorship: (Jacq.) Raf.

codes: AUT YUG

Austria

code: AUT

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Fl. Austriac. (Jacquin) 4: 23, t. 345

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-schiedeana

scientific: Euphorbia schiedeana

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Mayfield ex C.Nelson

epithet: schiedeana

published_in: Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras : 382 (2008)

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Honduras

code: HON

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Central America

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 168 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

published_in: Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras 382

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-schimperi

scientific: Euphorbia schimperi

epithet: schimperi

published_in: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 5, 3: 539 (1845)

Euphorbia officinarum

authorship: Hochst. ex Boiss.

Tirucalia schimperi

authorship: (C.Presl) P.V.Heath

codes: ERI ETH SOC OMA SAU YEM

Eritrea

code: ERI

continent: AFRICA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Socotra

code: SOC

Oman

code: OMA

region: Arabian Peninsula

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub or shrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай Шимпера


slug: euphorbia-schinzii

scientific: Euphorbia schinzii

authorship: Pax

epithet: schinzii

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 739 (1898)

preferred: Schinz’s spurge

english:
Schinz’s spurge
northern noors
rock-milkbush

Euphorbia limpopoana

authorship: L.C.Leach ex S.Carter

codes: BOT SWZ MOZ TVL ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: succulent tuberous subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 338 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
northern noors
rock-milkbush

names: 降魔之韧 複雜大戟

value: evergreen

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier vi. 739


slug: euphorbia-schizoloba

scientific: Euphorbia schizoloba

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: schizoloba

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 173 (1861)

preferred: Mojave spurge

Tithymalus incisus

authorship: (Engelm.) W.A.Weber

Tithymalus odontadenius

authorship: Millsp. ex A.Heller

Tithymalus schizolobus

authorship: Norton

codes: ARI CAL NEV

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 173, adnot


slug: euphorbia-schlechtendalii

scientific: Euphorbia schlechtendalii

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: schlechtendalii

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. : 18 (1860)

Aklema adinophylla

authorship: (Donn.Sm.) Millsp.

Aklema friderichsthalii

authorship: Millsp.

Aklema friedrichsthallii

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

Aklema mayana

authorship: (Millsp.) Millsp.

Aklema ovata

authorship: (Schltdl.) Millsp.

Alectoroctonum ovatum

authorship: Schltdl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай Шлехтендаля

value: tree

value: 7 m

published_in: Cent. Euphorb. 18


slug: euphorbia-schoenlandii

scientific: Euphorbia schoenlandii

epithet: schoenlandii

published_in: Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 82(2b): 24 (1904 publ. 1905)

Euphorbia fasciculata

authorship: sensu N.E.Br.p.p.non Thunb.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Compass Barrelwort
Compass Milkbarrel

published_in: Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1904, lxxxii. Abt. 2, 24 (1905)

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-scopulorum

scientific: Euphorbia scopulorum

authorship: Brandegee

epithet: scopulorum

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 184 (1911)

Chamaesyce scopulorum

authorship: (Brandegee) Millsp.

Chamaesyce scopulorum var. inornata

authorship: (M.C.Johnst.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

authors: Brandegee

published_in: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 184


slug: euphorbia-segetalis

scientific: Euphorbia segetalis

authorship: L.

epithet: segetalis

preferred: grainfield spurge

Esula pinea

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Esula segetalis

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Euphorbia artaudiana

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia caespitosa

authorship: Ten.

Euphorbia calcarea

authorship: Coss. & Durieu ex Coss.

Euphorbia congesta

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia coscinosperma

authorship: Rchb.

Euphorbia diversifolia

authorship: Hochst. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia esula var. taurica

authorship: Besser

Euphorbia humbertiana

authorship: Maire

Euphorbia litoralis

authorship: Noë ex Nyman

Euphorbia longiradiata

authorship: Lapeyr.

Euphorbia miricornis

authorship: Maire & Wilczek

Euphorbia portlandica subsp. tetraceras

authorship: (Lange) Nyman

Euphorbia segetalis f. robusta

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia segetalis prol. pinea

authorship: (L.) Rouy

Euphorbia segetalis subsp. linifolia

authorship: (Nathh.) Oudejans

Euphorbia segetalis subsp. pinea

authorship: (L.) H.J.Coste

authorship: (L.) Hayek

Euphorbia segetalis var. longibracteata

authorship: (DC.) Steud.

authorship: (DC.) Boiss.

name: Euphorbia segetalis var. montserratensis

authorship: Marcet

Euphorbia segetalis var. taurica

authorship: (Besser) Steud.

Euphorbia segetalis var. tetraceras

authorship: (Lange) Merino

Euphorbia segetalis var. truncata

authorship: Willk.

Euphorbia taurica

authorship: Besser ex Link

Euphorbia tetraceras

authorship: Lange

Galarhoeus linifolius

authorship: (Nath. ex L.) Haw.

Keraselma segetale

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Keraselma segetalis

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus cinerascens

authorship: Moench

Tithymalus crebrifoliatus

authorship: Bubani

Tithymalus linifolius

authorship: (Nath. ex L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus longiradiatus

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Bubani

Tithymalus pineus

authorship: (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus segetalis

authorship: (L.) Hill

Tithymalus segetalis subsp. pineus

authorship: (L.) Soják

codes: ALG AZO CNY MDR MOR TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA SWI

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1125 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай сорнополевой

partners:
Nomada
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Hyles euphorbiae
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae


slug: euphorbia-segoviensis

scientific: Euphorbia segoviensis

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: segoviensis

Eumecanthus segoviensis

authorship: (Boiss.) Millsp.

Leptopus segoviensis

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: MXC MXT MXS HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-seguieriana

scientific: Euphorbia seguieriana

authorship: Neck.

epithet: seguieriana

published_in: Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 2: 493 (1770)

Esula gerardiana

authorship: Fourr.

Euphorbia caiogala

authorship: Ehrh.

Euphorbia campestris

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Euphorbia firma

authorship: Ledeb.

Euphorbia gerardiana

authorship: Jacq.

Euphorbia gerardiana prol. loiseleurii

authorship: Rouy

Euphorbia gerardiana subsp. saxicola

authorship: (Velen.) Velen.

Euphorbia gerardiana var. arenivaga

authorship: Martrin-Donos

Euphorbia gerardiana var. dentata

authorship: Chabert

Euphorbia gerardiana var. dolomitica

authorship: Liou

Euphorbia gerardiana var. firma

authorship: (Ledeb.) Boiss.

Euphorbia gerardiana var. homophylla

authorship: (Lange ex Schrank) Nyman

Euphorbia gerardiana var. intermedia

authorship: Savul.

Euphorbia gerardiana var. lanceolata

authorship: Cariot

Euphorbia gerardiana var. latifolia

authorship: J.J.Schmitz & Regel

Euphorbia gerardiana var. loiseleurii

authorship: (Rouy) Douin

Euphorbia gerardiana var. minor

authorship: Duby

Euphorbia gerardiana var. multicaulis

authorship: (Thuill.) Chabert

Euphorbia gerardiana var. saxicola

authorship: Velen.

Euphorbia gerardiana var. sturii

authorship: Holuby

Euphorbia homophylla

authorship: Lange ex Boiss.

Euphorbia linariifolia

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia loiseleurii

authorship: (Rouy) Prain

Euphorbia multicaulis

authorship: Thuill.

Euphorbia seguieri

authorship: (Scop.) All.

Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. armeniaca

authorship: Frajman

Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. gerardiana

authorship: (Jacq.) Rivas Goday & Borja

name: Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. hohenackeri

authorship: (Boiss.) Rech.f.

name: Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. loiseleurii

authorship: (Rouy) Greuter & Burdet

name: Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. seguieriana

Euphorbia seguieriana var. arenivaga

authorship: (Martrin-Donos) Oudejans

Euphorbia seguieriana var. dentata

authorship: (Chabert) Oudejans

Euphorbia seguieriana var. dolomitica

authorship: (Liou) Jauzein

Euphorbia seguieriana var. firma

authorship: (Ledeb.) Oudejans

Euphorbia seguieriana var. gerardiana

authorship: (Jacq.) Fiori

Euphorbia seguieriana var. intermedia

authorship: (Sǎvul.) Oudejans

Euphorbia seguieriana var. lanceolata

authorship: (Cariot) Oudejans

Euphorbia seguieriana var. latifolia

authorship: (J.J.Schmitz & Regel) Oudejans

Euphorbia seguieriana var. minor

authorship: (Duby) Jauzein

Euphorbia seguieriana var. petrogena

authorship: Tamamsch.

Euphorbia seguieriana var. sturii

authorship: (Holuby) Oudejans

Euphorbia seguieriana var. virgata

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia sturii

authorship: Holuby ex Velen.

Euphorbia syrmiensis

authorship: Kit. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia ventosica

authorship: Chaix ex Timb.-Lagr.

Galarhoeus seguierianus

authorship: (Neck.) Prokh.

Keraselma seguieri

authorship: (Scop.) Raf.

Tithymalus caiogalus

authorship: (Ehrh.) Moench

Tithymalus campestris

authorship: (S.Geuns) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus firmus

authorship: (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus gerardianus

authorship: Steud.

Tithymalus seguieri

authorship: Scop.

name: Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. loiseleuri

authorship: (Rouy) Soják

Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. minor

authorship: (Sadl.) Chrtek & Křísa

Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. saxicola

authorship: (Velenovsky) Chrtek & Křísa

codes: AFG IRN IRK KAZ KRA NCS TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX PAK ALB AUT BGM BUL COR CZE RUE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET POL ROM RUS SPA SWI TUE UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Iran

code: IRN

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1975 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай Сегье

names:
Молочай Сегієрів
Молочай Сеґ'є

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus
Anas platyrhynchos

published_in: Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. ii. (1770) 493


slug: euphorbia-sekukuniensis

scientific: Euphorbia sekukuniensis

epithet: sekukuniensis

published_in: Fl. Pl. South Africa 20: 775 (1940)

preferred: Sekhukhune candelabra-tree

english:
Sekhukhune candelabra-tree
Sekhukhune euphorbia

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: sekhukhunenaboom Sekhukhuni-naboom

value: phanerophyte

published_in: Fl. Pl. South Africa 1940, xx. t. 775


slug: euphorbia-semivillosa

scientific: Euphorbia semivillosa

authorship: (Prokh.) Krylov

epithet: semivillosa

published_in: Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1868 (1935)

Euphorbia desertorum

authorship: Weinm.

Euphorbia illirica subsp. semivillosa

authorship: (Prokh.) Govaerts

Euphorbia villosa subsp. semivillosa

authorship: (Prokh.) Oudejans

Galarhoeus semivillosus

authorship: (Prokh.) Prokh.

Tithymalus desertorum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus semivillosus

authorship: Prokh.

codes: KAZ WSB RUC RUE RUS UKR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1214 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай полумохнатый

names: Молочай напівволохатий

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: 2 m

value: May-Jul

authors: (Prokh.) Krylov

published_in: Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1868

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-serpens

scientific: Euphorbia serpens

authorship: Kunth

epithet: serpens

preferred: Matted Sandmat

english:
Matted Sandmat
matted sandmat

source: inat

Anisophyllum serpens

authorship: (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce biramensis

authorship: (Urb.) Alain

Chamaesyce emarginata

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Croizat

Chamaesyce pileoides

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce radicans

authorship: (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce serpens

authorship: (Kunth) Small

Chamaesyce serpens var. montevidensis

authorship: (Boiss.) Croizat

Euphorbia begoniifolia

authorship: Lehm.

Euphorbia biramensis

authorship: Urb.

Euphorbia emarginata

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

Euphorbia flexicaulis

authorship: Scheele

Euphorbia herniarioides

authorship: Nutt.

Euphorbia inflexa

authorship: Urb. & Ekman

Euphorbia orbiculata var. jawaharii

authorship: Rajagopal & Panigrahi

Euphorbia radicans

authorship: Moric. ex Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia serpens f. flexicaulis

authorship: (Scheele) Thell.

Euphorbia serpens f. psilocyanthia

authorship: Thell.

Euphorbia serpens subsp. fissistipula

authorship: (Thell.) Verloove & Lambinon

Euphorbia serpens var. flexicaulis

authorship: (Scheele) J.M.Coult.

Euphorbia serpens var. imbricata

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia serpens var. radicans

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

codes: ALA ARK COL FLA GEO ILL IOW KAN KTY LOU MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSI MSO MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL SDA TEN TEX WYO EAS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLN CLM COS CUB DOM ECU FRG GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN VNA WIN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Schlaengelnde Wolfsmilch
Schlängelnde Zwergwolfsmilch

names:
Euphorbe rampante
Euphorbe rampante, Euphorbe serpent

partners:
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora
Aphis euphorbiae
Aphthona atrocaerulea

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: euphorbia-serpillifolia

scientific: Euphorbia serpillifolia

authorship: Pers.

epithet: serpillifolia

Anisophyllum novomexicanum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce aequata

authorship: Lunell

Chamaesyce aequata var. erecta

authorship: (Lunell) Lunell

Chamaesyce albicaulis

authorship: (Rydb.) Rydb.

Chamaesyce consanguinea

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce neomexicana

authorship: (Greene) Standl.

Chamaesyce occidentalis

authorship: (Drew) Millsp.

Chamaesyce rugulosa

authorship: Rydb.

Chamaesyce serpillifolia

authorship: (Pers.) Small

Chamaesyce serpyllifolia subsp. hirtula

authorship: (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Koutnik

Euphorbia hirtula

authorship: Engelm.

Euphorbia neomexicana

authorship: Greene

Euphorbia novomexicana

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) L.C.Wheeler

Euphorbia occidentalis

authorship: Drew

name: Euphorbia serpillifolia var. consanguinea

Euphorbia serpillifolia var. rugulosa

authorship: Engelm. ex Millsp.

name: Euphorbia serpyllifolia var. consanguinea

Euphorbia serpyllifolia var. hirtula

authorship: (Engelm. ex S.Watson) L.C.Wheeler

name: Euphorbia serpyllifolia var. neomexicana

authorship: (Greene) Millsp.

name: Euphorbia serpyllifolia var. occidentalis

authorship: Jeps.

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA ILL IOW MAN MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL ONT ORE QUE SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WIS WYO AGE AGW BZS LEE PAR WIN

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Minnesota

code: MIN

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1343 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай серпиллифолистный

names:
Euphorbe a feuilles de serpolet
euphorbe à feuilles de serpolet


slug: euphorbia-serrata

scientific: Euphorbia serrata

authorship: L.

epithet: serrata

preferred: serrate spurge

Chylogala serrata

authorship: Fourr.

Euphorbia serrata f. phylloclada

authorship: (Lange) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Euphorbia serrata f. subacaulis

authorship: (Rouy) Oudejans

Euphorbia serrata f. ternata

authorship: (Cout.) Oudejans

Euphorbia serrata var. foliosa

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia serrata var. longepedicellata

authorship: Elías & Sennen

Euphorbia serrata var. phylloclada

authorship: Lange

Euphorbia serrata var. subacaulis

authorship: Rouy

Euphorbia serrata var. tenuifolia

authorship: Pers.

Euphorbia serrata var. ternata

authorship: Cout.

Euphorbia truncata

authorship: (Pers.) Loudon

Galarhoeus serratus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tithymalus denticulatus

authorship: Moench

Tithymalus serratus

authorship: Hill.

codes: ALG CNY LBY MOR TUN BAL FRA GRC ITA POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
serrate spurge
saw-tooth spurge

names: leiteira-dentada leiteira-serrada

names: Молочай пильчатый

names:
Euphorbe dentée
Euphorbe à feuilles en scie

names:
getande Euphorbia
getande melkbos

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Ancistrocerus longispinosus
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Apis mellifera
Arge ochropus
Attalus lusitanicus
Bellardia pandia
Bibio hortulanus

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Adela australis
Apis mellifera
Arge melanochra
Callophrys rubi
Camponotus cruentatus
Cephaledo meridiana
Chrysura refulgens
Dasyscolia ciliata

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Agalenatea redii
Antaxius pedestris pedestris
Apis mellifera
Athalia bicolor
Brachycoleus pilicornis
Camponotus cruentatus
Camptopus lateralis
Cantharis rustica

partners:
Hyles euphorbiae
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Aeolothrips tenuicornis
Alydus calcaratus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Aphis craccivora

partners:
Pteromalus serratae
Rhicnocoelia impar

value: herb

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)


slug: euphorbia-serrula

scientific: Euphorbia serrula

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: serrula

preferred: sawtooth sandmat

source: usda

Chamaesyce serrula

authorship: (Engelm.) Wooton & Standl.

codes: ARI MXC MXE MXN MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 270 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: annual

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 188

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHSE7

license: public domain

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-setiloba

scientific: Euphorbia setiloba

epithet: setiloba

published_in: Pacific Railr. Rep. 5, Pt. 2, Article 7 (Williamson) 364 (1857)

preferred: Yuma sandmat

Chamaesyce setiloba

authorship: Norton

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NEV NWM TEX UTA

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1232 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Yuma sandmat
fringed spurge

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 5(2, art. 7): 364

note: common name, checklist symbol CHSE8


slug: euphorbia-sieboldiana

scientific: Euphorbia sieboldiana

authorship: C.Morren & Decne.

epithet: sieboldiana

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 3: 174 (1836)

preferred: Siebold's spurge

Euphorbia bodinieri

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Euphorbia erythraea

authorship: Hemsl.

Euphorbia glaucopoda

authorship: Diels

Euphorbia idzuensis

authorship: Nakai ex Hurus.

Euphorbia savaryi

authorship: Kiss

Euphorbia sieboldiana f. idzuensis

authorship: Hurus.

Euphorbia sieboldiana var. grandifolia

authorship: (Franch. & Sav. ex Hurus.) Oudejans

Euphorbia sieboldiana var. idzuensis

authorship: (Hurus.) Oudejans

Euphorbia sieboldiana var. montana

authorship: Tatew.

Euphorbia sieboldiana var. ohsumiensis

authorship: (Hurus.) Hatus.

Euphorbia sieboldiana var. peninsularis

authorship: (Hurus.) Kitag.

Euphorbia szechuanica

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

Euphorbia tsukamotoi

authorship: Honda

Galarhoeus hippocrepicus

authorship: (Hemsl.) Hurus.

Galarhoeus luticola

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Hurus.

Galarhoeus sieboldianus

authorship: (Morr. & Decne.) Hara

Galarhoeus sieboldianus f. grandifolius

authorship: Franch. & Sav. ex Hurus.

Galarhoeus sieboldianus f. peninsularis

authorship: (Hurus.) Hurus.

name: Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. miyajimensis

Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. montanus

authorship: (Tatew.) H.Hara

name: Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. ohsumiensis

name: Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. shikokianus

Tithymalus erythraeus

authorship: (Hemsl.) Soják

Tithymalus sieboldianus

authorship: Prokh.

authorship: (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara

Tithymalus szechuanicus

authorship: (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Soják

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI JAP KOR KUR CHM NNS PRM SAK

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

region: Russian Far East

Manchuria

code: CHM

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Siebold's spurge
Siebold’s spurge

names: 霸王鞭 三朵云

names: Молочай Зибольда

names: 개감수 gaegamsu


slug: euphorbia-silenifolia

scientific: Euphorbia silenifolia

authorship: (Haw.) Sweet

epithet: silenifolia

Euphorbia elliptica

authorship: Thunb.

Euphorbia elliptica var. undulata

authorship: Boiss.

Tithymalus attenuatus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus silenifolius

authorship: Haw.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 279 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Narrowleaf Milkball
Narrowleaf Tuber Milkball

value: subshrub

value: geophyte

value: perennial

authors: Sweet

published_in: Sweet's Hort. Brit., ed. 2. 454

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-simulans

scientific: Euphorbia simulans

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Warnock & M.C.Johnst.

epithet: simulans

preferred: mimicking sandmat

Chamaesyce polycarpa var. simulans

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Shinners

Chamaesyce simulans

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Mayfield

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 100 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mimicking sandmat
similar spurge

authors: (L.C.Wheeler) Warnock & M.C.Johnst.

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 5: 170

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHSI5


slug: euphorbia-spathulata

scientific: Euphorbia spathulata

authorship: Lam.

epithet: spathulata

preferred: reticulate seeded spurge

english:
reticulate seeded spurge
spatulate leaved spurge
warty spurge

Euphorbia arkansana

authorship: Engelm. & Gray

Euphorbia arkansana var. atrosemina

authorship: Norton

Euphorbia dictyosperma

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Euphorbia dictyosperma var. mexicana

authorship: Engelm.

Euphorbia dictyosperma var. multicaulis

authorship: (Engelm.) J.M.Coult.

Euphorbia mexicana

authorship: (Engelm.) Norton

Euphorbia missouriensis

authorship: Small

Euphorbia obtusata

authorship: Pursh

Euphorbia pseudopeplus

authorship: Speg.

Euphorbia spathulata var. mexicana

authorship: (Engelm.) Oudejans

Galarhoeus arkansanus

authorship: (Engelm. & A.Gray) Small ex Rydb.

Galarhoeus missouriensis

authorship: (Norton) Rydb.

Galarhoeus obtusatus

authorship: (Pursh) Small ex Rydb.

Keraselma spathulata

authorship: (Lam.) Raf.

Pythius obtusata

authorship: (Pursh) Raf.

Tithymalus arkansanus

authorship: (Engelm. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus arkansanus var. coloradensis

authorship: Rydb.

Tithymalus dictyospermus

authorship: (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) A.Heller

Tithymalus mexicanus

authorship: (Engelm.) Wooton & Standl.

Tithymalus missouriensis

authorship: (Norton) Small

Tithymalus obtusatus

authorship: (Pursh) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus pseudopeplus

authorship: (Speg.) Soják

Tithymalus spathulatus

authorship: (Lam.) W.A.Weber

Xamesike deltifolia

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA ARI ARK CAL COL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MXE MXN MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NWM NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1568 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: euphorbia-spellenbergiana

scientific: Euphorbia spellenbergiana

authorship: Mayfield & V.W.Steinm.

epithet: spellenbergiana

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

authors: Mayfield & V.W.Steinm.


slug: euphorbia-sphaerorhiza

scientific: Euphorbia sphaerorhiza

authorship: Benth.

epithet: sphaerorhiza

Tithymalopsis sphaerorhiza

authorship: (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: tuberous perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Benth.

published_in: Pl. Hartw. 8

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-spinea

scientific: Euphorbia spinea

epithet: spinea

Euphorbia mammilosa

authorship: Lem.

Tirucalia spinea

authorship: (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: semisucculent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: woody

value: chamaephyte

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-spinosa

scientific: Euphorbia spinosa

authorship: L.

epithet: spinosa

Euphorbia fragifera var. inermis

authorship: Nyman

Euphorbia glabriflora

authorship: Vis.

Euphorbia inermis

authorship: Pančić ex Boiss.

Euphorbia linarifolia

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia linarioides

authorship: Poir.

Euphorbia petaloides

authorship: G.Don f.

Euphorbia pindicola

authorship: Hausskn.

Euphorbia pubescens var. glabriflora

authorship: (Vis.) Nyman

Euphorbia pungens

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia rigens

authorship: Sweet

Euphorbia rigidula

authorship: Steud.

Euphorbia spinosa f. ligustica

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia spinosa var. brachyadenia

authorship: Boiss.

Galarhoeus spinosus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tithymalus glabriflorus

authorship: (Vis.) Soják

Tithymalus spinosus

authorship: (L.) Raf.

codes: LBY ALB COR FRA GRC ITA YUG SAR SIC SPA TUE

Libya

code: LBY

Albania

code: ALB

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 921 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Agdistis heydeni
Brachycoleus pilicornis
Camponotus cruentatus
Oxythyrea funesta

authors: L.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: euphorbia-spiralis

scientific: Euphorbia spiralis

epithet: spiralis

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 410 (1884)

Euphorbia septemsulcata

authorship: Vierh.

Socotra

code: SOC

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай спиральный

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh xii. (1884) 410

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-spurca

scientific: Euphorbia spurca

authorship: (M.C.Johnst.) A.M.Powell

epithet: spurca

published_in: Sida, Bot. Misc. 49: XIII, 495. 2018

preferred: low sandmat

Chamaesyce spurca

authorship: (M.C.Johnst.) B.L.Turner

Chamaesyce theriaca var. spurca

authorship: (M.C.Johnst.) Mayfield

codes: MXE NWM TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

authors: (M.C.Johnst.) A.M.Powell

published_in: Sida, Bot. Misc. 49: XIII, 495

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHSP5

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-squamosa

scientific: Euphorbia squamosa

authorship: Willd.

epithet: squamosa

Euphorbia abchazica

authorship: Woronow

Euphorbia squamosa var. serrata

authorship: (Boiss.) Oudejans

Euphorbia squamosa var. talyschensis

authorship: (Boiss. & Buhse) Oudejans

Euphorbia squamosa var. wilhelmsiana

authorship: (K.Koch) Oudejans

Euphorbia talyschensis

authorship: Boiss. & Buhse

Keraselma squamosum

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

Tithymalus asper

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus squamosus

authorship: (Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 360 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай чешуйчатый

value: Jun

authors: Willd.


slug: euphorbia-steelpoortensis

scientific: Euphorbia steelpoortensis

authorship: Bruyns

epithet: steelpoortensis

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

authors: Bruyns


slug: euphorbia-stellata

scientific: Euphorbia stellata

epithet: stellata

preferred: star euphorbia

Euphorbia lombardensis

authorship: Nel

Euphorbia mamillosa

authorship: Lem.

Euphorbia micracantha

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia procumbens

authorship: Meerb.

Euphorbia radiata

authorship: Thunb.

Euphorbia scolopendrea

authorship: Haw.

Euphorbia uncinata

authorship: DC.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
star euphorbia
Milkthorn

names: 飞龙 奇怪岛

names: melkdoring Ster-euphorbia


slug: euphorbia-stellispina

scientific: Euphorbia stellispina

epithet: stellispina

published_in: Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 1: 275 (1826 publ. 1827)

Euphorbia stellispina var. astrispina

authorship: (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай звёздчатоколючковый

names: noorsdoring grootnoors

authors: Haw.

published_in: Philos. Mag. J. 275


slug: euphorbia-stenoclada

scientific: Euphorbia stenoclada

authorship: Baill.

epithet: stenoclada

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 672 (1887)

preferred: Silver thicket

Euphorbia ambatofinandranae

authorship: Leandri

Euphorbia cirsioides

authorship: Costant. & Gall.

Euphorbia insulae-europae

authorship: Pax

Tirucalia stenoclada

authorship: (Baill.) P.V.Heath

codes: MDG MCI

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Mozambique Channel Is.

code: MCI

lifeform: succulent shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай узковеточный

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Baill.

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1. (1887) 672; et Hist. pl. Madag., Atlas, t. 152


slug: euphorbia-stepposa

scientific: Euphorbia stepposa

authorship: Zoz

epithet: stepposa

Euphorbia bessarabica

authorship: Klokov

Euphorbia glareosa subsp. stepposa

authorship: (Zoz ex Prokh.) Kuzmanov

authorship: Kuzm.

Euphorbia klokoviana

authorship: Railyan

Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. stepposa

authorship: (Zoz) Greuter & Burdet

Tithymalus klokovianus

authorship: (Railyan) Holub

Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. stepposus

authorship: (Zoz) Soják

codes: NCS RUE ROM UKR

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 555 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай степной

names: Молочай степовий

authors: Zoz

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-stictospora

scientific: Euphorbia stictospora

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: stictospora

preferred: slimseed sandmat

Anisophyllum senile

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce interaxillaris

authorship: (Fernald) Millsp.

Chamaesyce stictophora var. texensis

authorship: Fedde

Chamaesyce stictospora

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

name: Chamaesyce stictospora var. guadalupensis

authorship: Small

Chamaesyce stictospora var. sublaevis

authorship: (M.C.Johnst.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao

Euphorbia interaxillaris

authorship: Fernald

Euphorbia stictospora var. texensis

authorship: Millsp.

codes: ARI COL IOW KAN MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MSO NEB NWM NDA OKL SDA TEX WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 338 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mat spurge
narrow-seeded spurge

partners:
Euptoieta claudia
Pieris rapae


slug: euphorbia-stolonifera

scientific: Euphorbia stolonifera

authorship: Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane

epithet: stolonifera

Tirucalia stolonifera

authorship: (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) P.V.Heath

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: semisucculent perennial

names: kruipmelkbos rankmelkbos

value: 1 m

published_in: Succ. Euphorb. 1: 121, 2: App. A, 961


slug: euphorbia-stracheyi

scientific: Euphorbia stracheyi

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: stracheyi

Euphorbia bupleuroides

authorship: Diels

Euphorbia himalayensis

authorship: (Klotzsch) Boiss.

Euphorbia riae

authorship: Pax & K.Hoffm.

Tithymalus himalayensis

authorship: Klotzsch

Tithymalus riae

authorship: (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Soják

Tithymalus stracheyi

authorship: (Boiss.) Hurus. & Yas.Tanaka

codes: CHN CHC CHQ CHT EHM NEP WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

climate: subalpine or subarctic

names: 喜马拉雅大戟 高山大戟

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 114


slug: euphorbia-striata

scientific: Euphorbia striata

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: striata

Euphorbia cuspidata

authorship: Bernh. ex Krauss

Tithymalus capensis

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 167 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-stricta

scientific: Euphorbia stricta

authorship: L.

epithet: stricta

preferred: upright spurge

Euphorbia foetida

authorship: Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch

Euphorbia micrantha

authorship: Stephan ex Willd.

Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. stricta

authorship: (L.) Bonnier & Layens

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. serrulata

authorship: (Thuill.) Pers.

Euphorbia platyphyllos var. stricta

authorship: (L.) Fiori

Euphorbia serrulata

authorship: Thuill.

Euphorbia stricta f. pubescens

authorship: (Erdner) Oudejans

Euphorbia stricta subsp. micrantha

authorship: (Stephan ex Willd.) Nyman

Euphorbia stricta var. pubescens

authorship: Erdner

Galarhoeus micranthus

authorship: (Stephan ex Willd.) Haw.

Galarhoeus platyphyllus var. strictus

authorship: (L.) Gray

Galarhoeus strictus

authorship: Haw.

Tithymalus micranthus

authorship: (Stephan ex Willd.) Raf.

Tithymalus serrulatus

authorship: (Thuill.) Holub

Tithymalus strictus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke ex Garcke

codes: EAI IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET POL ROM SIC SWI TUE UKR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Switzerland

code: SWI

names: Молочай прямой

names: Молочай прямий


slug: euphorbia-strigosa

scientific: Euphorbia strigosa

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

epithet: strigosa

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. : 310 (1838)

Euphorbia asperifolia

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

Euphorbia pedunculata

authorship: Klotzsch

authorship: Klotzsch ex Jabl.

Poinsettia pedunculata

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Poinsettia strigosa

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Arthur

codes: MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hook. & Arn.

published_in: Bot. Beechey Voy. 310


slug: euphorbia-subapoda

scientific: Euphorbia subapoda

authorship: Baill.

epithet: subapoda

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 671 (1887)

Euphorbia quartziticola

authorship: Leandri

Madagascar

code: MDG

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris i. (1887) 671

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-subtilis

scientific: Euphorbia subtilis

authorship: (Prokh.) Prokh.

epithet: subtilis

Euphorbia baxanica

authorship: Galushko

Euphorbia esula var. gracilis

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Nyman

Euphorbia gracilis

authorship: Besser

authorship: Besser ex M.Bieb.

Galarhoeus subtilis

authorship: Prokh.

Tithymalus baxanicus

authorship: (Galushko) Galushko

codes: NCS TCS RUC

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Central European Russia

code: RUC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай мелкоплодный

authors: (Prokh.) Prokh.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-taihsiensis

scientific: Euphorbia taihsiensis

authorship: (Chaw & Koutnik) Oudejans

epithet: taihsiensis

published_in: World Cat. Euphorb. : 5 (1990)

Chamaesyce taihsiensis

authorship: Chaw & Koutnik

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台西地锦 台西地锦草

authors: (Chaw & Koutnik) Oudejans

published_in: World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib. 5 (1990):

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-tannensis-spreng

scientific: Euphorbia tannensis

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: tannensis

published_in: Mantissa prima Florae Halensis. Novarum Plantarum ex herbario meo Centuria 1807

Euphorbia clutioides

authorship: (G.Forst.) C.A.Gardner

Euphorbia eremocarpus

authorship: Pharm ex Wehmer

Euphorbia eremophila

authorship: A.Cunn. ex T.Mitch.

Euphorbia eremophila var. latifolia

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia eremophila var. oblonga

authorship: Domin

Euphorbia tannensis var. eremophila

authorship: (A.Cunn.) D.C.Hassall

Euphorbia tannensis var. finlaysonii

authorship: (J.M.Black) D.C.Hassall

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU NWC VAN

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

New Caledonia

code: NWC

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

Vanuatu

code: VAN

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 89 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Biehler

published_in: Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng. 23


slug: euphorbia-tannensis-biehler

authorship: Biehler

Euphorbia eremophila var. dracunculina

authorship: Baill.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-tanquahuete

scientific: Euphorbia tanquahuete

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

epithet: tanquahuete

Euphorbia elastica

authorship: Altam. & Rose

Euphorbia fulva

authorship: Stapf

Euphorbiodendron fulvum

authorship: (Stapf) Millsp.

codes: MXC MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Leche Maria
Palo amarillo

names:
Leche María
Palo Amarillo

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

authors: Sessé & Moc.

published_in: Fl. Mexic., ed. 2 122

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-tauricola

scientific: Euphorbia tauricola

authorship: Prokh.

epithet: tauricola

Euphorbia austriaca subsp. tauricola

authorship: (Prokh.) Chrtek & Krísa

Tithymalus tauricola

authorship: (Prokh.) Holub

codes: NCS KRY

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 46 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Apr-May

authors: Prokh.


slug: euphorbia-telephioides

scientific: Euphorbia telephioides

authorship: Chapm.

epithet: telephioides

preferred: telephus spurge

Galarhoeus telephioides

authorship: (Chapm.) Small

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

authors: Chapm.

published_in: Fl. South. U.S. 402

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-tenax

scientific: Euphorbia tenax

authorship: Burch.

epithet: tenax

preferred: steenbuck milkbush

Arthrothamnus cymosus

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia scopiformis

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

Tirucalia arceuthobioides

authorship: (Boiss.) P.V.Heath

Tirucalia mixta

authorship: (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath

Tirucalia tenax

authorship: (Burch.) P.V.Heath

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
steenbokmelkbos
Steenbok Melkbos

value: non-woody

authors: Burch.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: euphorbia-terracina

scientific: Euphorbia terracina

authorship: L.

epithet: terracina

preferred: Geraldton carnation weed

Esula provincialis

authorship: (Willd.) Haw.

Esula terracina

authorship: Fourr.

Esula valentina

authorship: (Ortega) Haw.

Euphorbia abortiva

authorship: Porta

Euphorbia affinis

authorship: DC.

Euphorbia alexandrina

authorship: Delile

Euphorbia carullae

authorship: Sennen

Euphorbia cyprianii

authorship: Maire & Sennen

Euphorbia diversifolia

authorship: Poir.

Euphorbia ehrenbergii

authorship: Sweet

Euphorbia halacsyi

authorship: Formánek

Euphorbia heterophylla

authorship: Desf.

Euphorbia italica

authorship: Lam.

authorship: Tineo

Euphorbia leiosperma

authorship: Sm.

Euphorbia linaria

authorship: Link

Euphorbia mendax

authorship: Maire & Wilczek

Euphorbia modesta

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia neapolitana

authorship: Ten.

Euphorbia obliquata

authorship: Forssk.

Euphorbia panacea

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Euphorbia provincialis

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia purpurascens

authorship: Salzm. ex Ball

Euphorbia ramosissima

authorship: Loisel.

Euphorbia rhombea

authorship: Willd. ex Link

Euphorbia tenuicuspis

authorship: Guss. ex Rchb.

Euphorbia terracina f. angustifolia

authorship: Batt.

Euphorbia terracina f. latifolia

authorship: (Boiss.) Vindt

Euphorbia terracina subsp. valentina

authorship: (Ortega) Pérez Lara

name: Euphorbia terracina subvar. provincialis

authorship: (Willd.) Pérez Lara

name: Euphorbia terracina subvar. serratifolia

Euphorbia terracina var. alexandrina

authorship: (Delile) El Karemy

Euphorbia terracina var. angustifolia

authorship: Lange

Euphorbia terracina var. delortii

authorship: Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman

Euphorbia terracina var. latifolia

authorship: (Boiss.) Willk. & Lange

Euphorbia terracina var. leiosperma

authorship: (Sm.) Halácsy

Euphorbia terracina var. mendax

authorship: (Maire & Wilczek) Maire

Euphorbia terracina var. modesta

authorship: (Boiss.) Boiss.

Euphorbia terracina var. obliquata

authorship: (Forssk.) Fiori

Euphorbia terracina var. ramosissima

authorship: (Loisel.) Nyman

Euphorbia terracina var. trapezoidalis

authorship: (Viv.) Hochr.

Euphorbia trapezoidalis

authorship: Viv.

Euphorbia valentina

authorship: Ortega

Keraselma diversifolium

authorship: (Poir.) Raf.

Keraselma provinciale

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

Keraselma provincialis

authorship: Raf.

Tithymalus panaceus

authorship: (Webb & Berthel.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Tithymalus trapezoidalis

authorship: (Viv.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL SAU SIN TCS TUR YEM ALB BAL COR FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Geraldton carnation weed
Geraldton carnation spurge

names: Euphorbe de Terracine, Euphorbe de Provence

partners:
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalinus aeneus
Eupeodes corollae
Paragus quadrifasciatus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Athalia ancilla
Camptopus lateralis
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalinus aeneus
Meliscaeva auricollis
Polistes gallicus
Cephaledo meridiana

partners:
Copestylum mexicanum
Danaus plexippus
Erynnis funeralis
Eupeodes fumipennis
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus

partners:
Chlorocytus spicatus
Eurytoma
Sphegigaster nigricornis


slug: euphorbia-tetragona

scientific: Euphorbia tetragona

authorship: Haw.

epithet: tetragona

published_in: Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 1: 276 (1826 publ. 1827)

preferred: honey euphorbia

english:
honey euphorbia
map tree
tree euphorbia

codes: CPP NAT

Cape Provinces

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

lifeform: succulent tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 516 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
tree euphorbia
honey euphorbia

names: naboom bosnaboom

names:
isiphapha
umhlonhlo umhlonhlwane

published_in: Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. (1826) 276


slug: euphorbia-tetrapora

scientific: Euphorbia tetrapora

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: tetrapora

preferred: weak spurge

Euphorbia tetrapora var. berlandieri

authorship: Boiss.

Tithymalus tetraporus

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

codes: LOU OKL TEX

Louisiana

code: LOU

Oklahoma

code: OKL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

value: annual

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. 191


slug: euphorbia-thompsonii

scientific: Euphorbia thompsonii

authorship: Holmboe

epithet: thompsonii

published_in: Stud. Veg. Cyprus : 121 (1914)

Tithymalus thompsonii

authorship: (Holmboe) Soják

codes: CYP TUR

Cyprus

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

lifeform: subshrub

authors: Holmboe

published_in: Stud. Veg. Cyprus 121 (1914)

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-thymifolia

scientific: Euphorbia thymifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: thymifolia

preferred: gulf sandmat

Anisophyllum thymifolium

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Aplarina microphylla

authorship: (Lam.) Raf.

Chamaesyce mauritiana

authorship: Commers. ex Denis

Chamaesyce microphylla

authorship: (Lam.) Soják

Chamaesyce rubrosperma

authorship: Millsp.

Chamaesyce thymifolia

authorship: (L.) Millsp.

Chamaesyce thymifolia f. suffrutescens

authorship: (Boiss.) Hurus.

Euphorbia aegyptiaca var. annobonensis

authorship: Mildbr.

Euphorbia botryoides

authorship: Noronha

Euphorbia foliata

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn

Euphorbia microphylla

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia philippina

authorship: J.Gay ex Boiss.

Euphorbia rubicunda

authorship: Blume

Euphorbia rubrosperma

authorship: Lotsy

Euphorbia thymifolia f. laxifoliata

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Euphorbia thymifolia var. disticha

authorship: Nutt.

Euphorbia thymifolia var. viridis

authorship: Basum. & S.Baruah

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1998 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Euphorbe à feuilles de thym, Rougette, Petite rougette

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: euphorbia-tirucalli

scientific: Euphorbia tirucalli

authorship: L.

epithet: tirucalli

preferred: Indiantree spurge

english:
Indiantree spurge
rubber-hedge euphorbia

Arthrothamnus tirucalli

authorship: (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Euphorbia geayi

authorship: Costant. & Gall.

Euphorbia laro

authorship: Drake

Euphorbia rhipsaloides

authorship: Lem.

authorship: Welw. ex N.E.Br.

authorship: Willd.

Euphorbia suareziana

authorship: Croizat

Euphorbia tirucalli var. rhipsaloides

authorship: (Willd.) A.Chev.

Euphorbia viminalis

authorship: Mill.

Tirucalia indica

authorship: Raf.

Tirucalia tirucalli

authorship: (L.) P.V.Heath

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

lifeform: semisucculent shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1890 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Citric-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor Antiaphthic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Anticalculic Anticoagulant Antileishmanic

Ellagic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Abortifacient Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiGTF AntiHIV Antiaflatoxin Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Malic-acid

activities:
Antiatherosclerotic
Antibacterial
Antifibromyalgic
Antioxidant Synergist
Antiseborrheic
Antiseptic
Antitubercular
Antitumor

Succinic-acid

activities: Additive Antifeedant Bruchiphobe Cancer-Preventive Dye Perfumery Pesticide

Taraxasterol

activities: Antiedemic Antiinflammatory

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: aveloz consuelda

names: 绿玉树 光棍树

names: almeidinha aveloz

names: Bleistiftstrauch Latex-Wolfsmilch

names:
Bois de lait
euphorbe antivenerien

partners:
Antodynerus
Macrogalea candida

partners:
Lepilemur leucopus
Sabalia jacksoni

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: non-succulent

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

value: 9 m

value: evergreen

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-tithymaloides

scientific: Euphorbia tithymaloides

epithet: tithymaloides

preferred: redbird flower

Crepidaria carinata

authorship: Haw.

Crepidaria cordellata

authorship: (Haw.) Haw.

Euphorbia anacampseroides

authorship: Lam.

authorship: Descourt.

Euphorbia carinata

authorship: Donn

Euphorbia myrtifolia

authorship: (Mill.) Lam.

Euphorbia padifolia

authorship: (L.) Salm-Dyck

authorship: (L.) Guss.

Euphorbia parasitica

authorship: Pav. ex Boiss.

Pedilanthus anacampseroides

authorship: (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Pedilanthus angustifolius

authorship: Poit.

Pedilanthus bahamensis

authorship: Millsp.

Pedilanthus campester

authorship: Brandegee

Pedilanthus camporum

authorship: Standl. & Steyerm.

Pedilanthus canaliculatus

authorship: (G.Lodd.) Sweet

Pedilanthus carinatus

authorship: Spreng.

Pedilanthus cordellatus

authorship: Steud.

authorship: (Haw.) Sweet

Pedilanthus fendleri

authorship: Boiss.

Pedilanthus grisebachii

authorship: Millsp. & Britton

Pedilanthus gritensis

authorship: Zahlbr.

Pedilanthus houlletii

authorship: Baill.

Pedilanthus ierensis

authorship: Britton

Pedilanthus laurocerasifolius

authorship: (Mill.) L.C.Wheeler

Pedilanthus myrtifolius

authorship: Link

Pedilanthus parasiticus

authorship: Boiss. ex Klotzsch

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Pedilanthus retusus

authorship: Benth.

Pedilanthus tithymaloides

authorship: (L.) Poit.

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. angustifolius

authorship: (Poit.) Dressler

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. bahamensis

authorship: (Millsp.) Dressler

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. jamaicensis

authorship: (Millsp. & Britton) Dressler

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. padifolius

authorship: (L.) Dressler

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. parasiticus

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Dressler

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. retusus

authorship: (Benth.) Dressler

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. smallii

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides var. angustifolius

authorship: (Poit.) Griseb.

name: Pedilanthus tithymaloides var. padifolius

authorship: (L.) Griseb.

Tithymalodes angustifolia

authorship: (Poit.) Kuntze

Tithymaloides cordellata

authorship: (Haw.) Kuntze

Tithymaloides fendleri

authorship: (Boiss.) Kuntze

Tithymaloides houlletii

authorship: (Baill.) Kuntze

Tithymaloides myrtifolia

authorship: Kuntze

Tithymaloides parasitica

authorship: (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze

Tithymaloides retusa

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

Tithymalus bahamensis

authorship: (Millsp.) Croizat

Tithymalus grisebachii

authorship: (Millsp. & Britton) Croizat

Tithymalus ierensis

authorship: (Britton) Croizat

Tithymalus padifolius

authorship: (L.) Croizat

Tithymalus parasiticus

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Croizat

Tithymalus petraeus

authorship: (Brandegee) Croizat

Tithymalus pringlei

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) Croizat

Tithymalus smallii

authorship: (Millsp.) Small

codes: FLA MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BAH BLZ BER BZN BZE BZL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PER PUE SWC SUR TRT TCI VEN VNA WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 936 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ਯੁਫ਼ੋਰਬੀਆ ਟਿਥੀਮਾਲਿਓਡਦਸ

names: Педилантус титималоидный

names:
Doigts de Satan ou Doigts du Diable
Pédilanthe tithymaloïde

names: തത്തമ്മച്ചെടി

partners:
Ceratina eximia
Orthorhyncus cristatus
Trigona fulviventris

partners: Tobacco leaf curl betasatellite-[Pakistan:Multan:Pedilanthus:2004]

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: euphorbia-tomentulosa

scientific: Euphorbia tomentulosa

epithet: tomentulosa

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 476 (1887)

Chamaesyce tomentulosa

authorship: (S.Watson) Millsp.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 335 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай мелкоопушённый

value: woody

value: perennial

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 476

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: euphorbia-tortilis

scientific: Euphorbia tortilis

authorship: Rottler ex Ainslie

epithet: tortilis

published_in: Materia indica 2: 424 (1826)

codes: IND SRL

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: succulent shrub or tree

value: shrub

authors: Rottler ex Ainslie

published_in: Mater. Ind. 2: 424

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: euphorbia-triangularis

scientific: Euphorbia triangularis

authorship: Desf.

epithet: triangularis

published_in: Sukkul. Euphorb. : 57 (1907 publ. 1906)

preferred: chandelier tree

english:
chandelier tree
tree euphorbia

source: wikidata

Euphorbia evansii

authorship: sensu N.E.Br.p.p.non Pax

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MOZ TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1279 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
chandelier tree
tree euphorbia

names:
Молочай треугольный
Молочай трёхгранный

names: driehoekmelkbos naboom

names: umhlonthlo umHlonhlo

partners:
Colius striatus
Platypleura chalybaea
Rhinoceros

authors: Desf.

published_in: Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 339

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-trichadenia

scientific: Euphorbia trichadenia

authorship: Pax

epithet: trichadenia

Euphorbia subfalcata

authorship: Hiern

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ANG BOT SWZ NAT NAM TVL ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Botswana

code: BOT

Namibia

code: NAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: variable

value: geophyte

authors: Pax

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(1): 125

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-tricolor

scientific: Euphorbia tricolor

authorship: Greenm.

epithet: tricolor

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 479 (1898)

Aklema tricolor

authorship: Millsp.

codes: MXC MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Greenm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 479

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-trigona

scientific: Euphorbia trigona

authorship: Mill.

epithet: trigona

preferred: African milk tree

Euphorbia hermentiana

authorship: Lem.

codes: ANG CON ZAI GAB MLW

Congo

code: CON

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Gabon

code: GAB

Malawi

code: MLW

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

names:
African milk tree
African milktree

names: 三角大戟 巴西龙骨

names: candelabro leiteira

value: CAM

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 3


slug: euphorbia-triligulata

scientific: Euphorbia triligulata

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) A.M.Powell

epithet: triligulata

published_in: Sida, Bot. Misc. 49: XIII, 496. 2018

Chamaesyce chaetocalyx var. triligulata

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Mayfield

Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) Shinners

Chamaesyce triligulata

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) B.L.Turner

Euphorbia chaetocalyx var. triligulata

authorship: (L.C.Wheeler) M.C.Johnst.

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

authors: (L.C.Wheeler) A.M.Powell

published_in: Sida, Bot. Misc. 49: XIII, 496

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-tubadenia

scientific: Euphorbia tubadenia

authorship: Mayfield ex Ya Yang

epithet: tubadenia

Euphorbia dentata var. lasiocarpa

authorship: Boiss.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Mayfield ex Ya Yang

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-tuberosa

scientific: Euphorbia tuberosa

authorship: L.

epithet: tuberosa

Euphorbia crispa

authorship: (Haw.) Sweet

Tithymalus crispus

authorship: Haw.

Tithymalus tuberosus

authorship: Hill

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 958 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Milkball
Tuber Milkball

names: Молочай клубненосный

value: subshrub

authors: L.


slug: euphorbia-tuckeyana

scientific: Euphorbia tuckeyana

authorship: Steud. ex Webb

epithet: tuckeyana

Tithymalus tuckeyanus

authorship: Bolle ex Klotzsch & Garcke

Cape Verde

code: CVI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

authors: Steud. ex Webb

published_in: Niger Fl. [W. J. Hooker]. 177


slug: euphorbia-umbellata

scientific: Euphorbia umbellata

authorship: (Pax) Bruyns

epithet: umbellata

published_in: Euphorbia World 3: 5 (2007)

Euphorbia pseudograntii

authorship: Bruyns

Synadenium umbellatum

authorship: Pax

codes: BUR ZAI KEN RWA SUD TAN UGA

Burundi

code: BUR

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Camarones secos
Lechero africano

names: avelós cancerola

names:
Молочай зонтичный
Синадениум Гранта

names:
Granti piimalill
Granti piimapõõsas

label: Growth habit

authors: (Pax) Bruyns

published_in: Euphorbia World 3(1): 5


slug: euphorbia-umbellulata

scientific: Euphorbia umbellulata

authorship: Engelm. ex Boiss.

epithet: umbellulata

Chamaesyce umbellulata

authorship: Millsp.

label: Woodiness

authors: Engelm. ex Boiss.


slug: euphorbia-undulata

scientific: Euphorbia undulata

epithet: undulata

Galarhoeus undulatus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Prokh.

Tithymalus undulatus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

codes: KAZ NCS RUE RUS

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Apr-May

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 371

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-vaginulata

scientific: Euphorbia vaginulata

authorship: Griseb.

epithet: vaginulata

codes: BAH TCI

Bahamas

code: BAH

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

label: Life form

authors: Griseb.

published_in: Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 52

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-vajravelui

scientific: Euphorbia vajravelui

authorship: Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.

epithet: vajravelui

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63: 229 (1991)

India

code: IND

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

label: Life cycle

authors: Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63(5): 229


slug: euphorbia-vallis-mortae

scientific: Euphorbia vallis-mortae

authorship: (Millsp.) J.T.Howell

epithet: vallis-mortae

value: herb

published_in: Madroño 2: 19

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: euphorbia-vandermerwei

scientific: Euphorbia vandermerwei

epithet: vandermerwei

published_in: Fl. Pl. South Africa 17: 660 (1937)

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: succulent subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: chamaephyte

published_in: Fl. Pl. South Africa 1937, xvii. t. 660


slug: euphorbia-velleriflora

scientific: Euphorbia velleriflora

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

epithet: velleriflora

preferred: Caliche sandmat

Anisophyllum velleriflorum

authorship: Klotzsch & Garcke

Chamaesyce velleriflora

authorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.

codes: MXC MXE MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 174 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

value: non-woody

authors: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CHVE11

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-veneris

scientific: Euphorbia veneris

epithet: veneris

Tithymalus veneris

authorship: (Khan) Soják

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Молочай Афродиты

value: hemicryptophyte

source: GIFT

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: euphorbia-vermiculata

scientific: Euphorbia vermiculata

authorship: Raf.

epithet: vermiculata

published_in: Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 206 (1818)

preferred: wormseed sandmat

Chamaesyce hirsuta

authorship: (Torr.) Arthur

Chamaesyce rafinesquei

authorship: (Greene) Small

Chamaesyce vermiculata

authorship: House

Euphorbia hirsuta

authorship: (Torr.) Wiegand

Euphorbia hypericifolia var. hirsuta

authorship: Torr.

Euphorbia pseudonutans var. hirsuta

authorship: (Torr.) Farw.

Euphorbia rafinesquii

authorship: Greene

codes: ARI CNT ILL INI MAI MRY MAS MXE MXS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NSC OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO VER VRG WVA WIS

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

New York

code: NWY

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 258 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
euphorbe vermiculée
ricinelle vermiculée

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

published_in: Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2(3): 206

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: euphorbia-verrucosa

scientific: Euphorbia verrucosa

authorship: L.

epithet: verrucosa

preferred: Wart Spurge

Euphorbia brittingeri

authorship: Opiz ex Samp.

Euphorbia costeana

authorship: Rouy

authorship: (Rouy) P.Fourn.

Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. verrucosa

authorship: (L.) Rivas Goday & Borja

Euphorbia epithymoides var. verrucosa

authorship: Fiori

Euphorbia ericetorum

authorship: Zumagl.

Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. brittingeri

authorship: (Opiz ex Samp.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. costeana

authorship: Vindt. & Guin. ex Greuter & Burdet

Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. verrucosa

authorship: (Fiori) Pignatti

authorship: (L.) Breistr.

Euphorbia flavicoma var. velutina

authorship: (Boiss.) Breistr.

Euphorbia verrucosa

authorship: Lam.

Euphorbia verrucosa f. montana

authorship: (Gaudin) Oudejans

Euphorbia verrucosa f. velutina

authorship: (Boiss.) Oudejans

Euphorbia verrucosa f. viridis

authorship: (Erdner) Oudejans

Euphorbia verrucosa var. densifolia

authorship: Lange

Euphorbia verrucosa var. montana

authorship: Gaudin

Euphorbia verrucosa var. truncata

authorship: Porta

Euphorbia verrucosa var. velutina

authorship: Boiss.

Euphorbia verrucosa var. viridis

authorship: Erdner

Galarhoeus verrucosus

authorship: (L.) Haw.

Tithymalus brittingeri

authorship: (Opiz ex Samp.) Holub

Tithymalus ericetorum

authorship: (Zumagl.) Soják

name: Tithymalus flavicomus subsp. brittingeri

authorship: (Opiz ex Samp.) Soják

Tithymalus flavicomus subsp. costeanus

authorship: (Rouy) Soják

Tithymalus verrucosus

authorship: (L.) Hill

codes: ALB AUT CZE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG SPA SWI

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 945 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Warzen-Wolfsmilch
Warzige Wolfsmilch

partners:
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi
Cetonia aurata

partners:
Colias hyale
Andrena nitidiuscula
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Bibio hortulanus
Bibio leucoptera
Calliphora vicina
Calliphora vomitoria
Callophrys rubi

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta cinerea
Acyrthosiphon cyparissiae
Acyrthosiphon thracicum
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alydus calcaratus
Anas platyrhynchos

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.