slug: billbergia-pyramidalis

scientific: Billbergia pyramidalis

authorship: (Sims) Lindl.

epithet: pyramidalis

preferred: foolproofplant

Billbergia andegavensis

authorship: André

Billbergia atrorosea

authorship: Drapiez

Billbergia croyana

authorship: De Jonghe ex Lem.

Billbergia croyiana

authorship: De Jongh ex Lem.

Billbergia fasciata var. splendens

authorship: Beer

Billbergia fastuosa

authorship: (C.Morren) Beer

Billbergia loddigesii

authorship: Steud.

Billbergia longifolia

authorship: K.Koch & C.D.Bouché

Billbergia miniatorosea

authorship: Lem.

Billbergia pyramidalis var. bicolor

authorship: Lindl.

Billbergia pyramidalis var. croyana

authorship: (Lem.) André

Billbergia pyramidalis var. lutea

authorship: Leme & W.Weber

Billbergia pyramidalis var. zonata

authorship: (de Vriese) André

authorship: (de Vriese) É.Morren

Billbergia thyrsoidea

authorship: Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Billbergia thyrsoidea var. fastuosa

authorship: Regel

name: Billbergia thyrsoidea var. mibiato-rosea

authorship: (Lem.) E.Morren

Billbergia thyrsoidea var. miniatorosea

authorship: (Lem.) É.Morren

Billbergia thyrsoidea var. zonata

authorship: de Vriese

Billbergia thyrsoides

authorship: De Jonghe

Bromelia pyramidalis

authorship: Sims

Tillandsia farinosa

authorship: Reider

codes: BZN BZE BZL CUB FRG LEE VEN WIN

Brazil North

code: BZN

Cuba

code: CUB

French Guiana

code: FRG

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 346 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 水塔花 水塔花叶

names: Бильбергия пирамидальная

partners:
Florisuga fusca
Glaucis hirsutus
Leucochloris albicollis
Lophornis chalybeus
Phaethornis
Phaethornis eurynome
Phaethornis longuemareus
Phaethornis pretrei

partners:
Ramphodon naevius
Archilochus colubris
Florisuga fusca
Glaucis hirsutus
Leucochloris albicollis
Lophornis chalybeus
Phaethornis
Phaethornis eurynome

label: Eaten by

partners:
Phaethornis longuemareus
Saucerottia tobaci


slug: billbergia-vittata

scientific: Billbergia vittata

authorship: Brongn. ex C.Morel

genus: Billbergia

epithet: vittata

family: Bromeliaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Billbergia amabilis

authorship: Beer

Billbergia excellens

authorship: Miq.

Billbergia moreliana

authorship: Brongn.

Billbergia vittata var. rohanii

authorship: Wittm.

Billbergia zonata

authorship: Linden

Bromelia rohaniana

authorship: Walp.

Tillandsia moreliana

authorship: (Brongn.) Henfr.

Tillandsia morelliana

authorship: hort. ex Henfrey

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: BZE BZL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: epiphyte

climate: wet tropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Clytolaema rubricauda
Phaethornis eurynome
Phaethornis pretrei
Phaethornis squalidus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: epiphyte

value: lithophyte

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Brongn. ex C.Morel

published_in: Portef. Hortic. ii. (1848) 353

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: billbergia-zebrina

scientific: Billbergia zebrina

authorship: (Herb.) Lindl.

epithet: zebrina

Anacyclia farinosa

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Billbergia canterae

authorship: André

Billbergia farinosa

authorship: (Hoffmanns.) Baker

Bromelia zebrina

authorship: Herb.

Cremobotrys zebrina

authorship: (Herb.) Beer ex B.D.Jacks.

Eucallias versicolor

authorship: Raf.

Helicodea zebrina

authorship: (Herb.) Lem.

Tillandsia farinosa

authorship: Jacob-Makoy

Tillandsia zebrina

authorship: (Herb.) Czerw. & Warsz.

codes: AGE BZS BZL PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 170 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

type: eatenBy

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Bot. Reg. 13: sub t. 1068

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: billia-hippocastanum

scientific: Billia hippocastanum

authorship: Peyr.

genus: Billia

epithet: hippocastanum

family: Sapindaceae

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 16: 153 (1858)

preferred: Mexican billia

source: wikidata

Aesculus mexicana

authorship: Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.

Quercus pertessellata

authorship: Trel.

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS COS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: tree

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: manchado Cocora

value: tree

value: woody

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Peyr.

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 16: 153

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: billia-rosea

scientific: Billia rosea

authorship: (Planch. & Linden) C.Ulloa & P.M.Jørg.

epithet: rosea

Billia columbiana

authorship: Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.

Putzeysia rosea

authorship: Planch. & Linden

codes: CLM COS ECU HON PAN VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 147 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Achotillo Capulí

partners:
Apis mellifera
Atlapetes tibialis
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Catharus gracilirostris
Chamaepetes unicolor
Chlorophonia callophrys
Chlorospingus pileatus
Dasyprocta punctata

label: Height

category: Size

authors: (Planch. & Linden) C.Ulloa & P.Jørg.


slug: billieturnera-helleri

scientific: Billieturnera helleri

authorship: (Rose ex Heller) Fryxell

genus: Billieturnera

epithet: helleri

family: Malvaceae

preferred: coppery false fanpetals

Disella cuneifolia

authorship: Greene

Sida grayana

authorship: Clement

Sida helleri

authorship: Rose ex A.Heller

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

lifeform: subshrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 60 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
coppery false fanpetals
copper sida

value: subshrub

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: shrub

authors: (Rose ex A.Heller) Fryxell

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biophytum-dendroides

scientific: Biophytum dendroides

authorship: (Kunth) DC.

genus: Biophytum

epithet: dendroides

family: Oxalidaceae

Biophytum dormiens

authorship: (Mart. & Zucc.) R.Knuth

Biophytum ferrugineum

authorship: Rusby

Biophytum longiscapum

authorship: Klotzsch ex R.Knuth

Biophytum mimosoides

authorship: (A.St.-Hil.) G.Don

authorship: Guillaumin

Oxalis dendroides

authorship: Kunth

Oxalis dendroides f. longiscapa

authorship: Zucc. ex R.Knuth

Oxalis viva

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Toddavaddia dendrodes

authorship: (Kunth) Kuntze

Toddavaddia mimosodes

authorship: Kuntze

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN PER

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

El Salvador

code: ELS

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: subshrub or epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: DC.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biophytum-sensitivum

scientific: Biophytum sensitivum

epithet: sensitivum

Biophytum candolleanum

authorship: Wight

Biophytum cumingianum

authorship: (Turcz.) Edgew. & Hook.f.

Biophytum cumingii

authorship: Klotzsch

Biophytum poterioides

authorship: Edgew. & Hook.f.

Biophytum sensitivum var. candolleanum

authorship: (Wight) Edgew. & Hook.f.

Biophytum sensitivum var. sesbanioides

authorship: (Edgew. & Hook.f.) Edgew. & Hook.f.

Biophytum somnulentum

authorship: Goebel

Oxalis candolleana

authorship: Steud.

Oxalis cumingiana

authorship: Turcz.

Oxalis sensitiva

authorship: L.

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP PHI SUL SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 719 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Cummingsiella aurea
Eurema hecabe
Hypolimnas bolina
Iambrix salsala
Jamides bochus
Leptosia nina
Luthrodes pandava
Oxylipeurus volsellus


slug: biophytum-umbraculum

scientific: Biophytum umbraculum

authorship: Welw.

epithet: umbraculum

Biophytum cumingianum

authorship: (Turcz.) Edgew.

Biophytum dusenii

authorship: Engl. ex R.Knuth

Biophytum rotundifolium

authorship: Delhaye

Biophytum sessile

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex Baill.) R.Knuth

authorship: Wall.

Oxalis petersiana

authorship: (Klotzsch) C.Müller

Oxalis petersianum

authorship: (Klotzsch) Müll.Berol.

Oxalis sessilis

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Baill.

codes: ANG BEN BKN BUR CMN CAF CHA CON ZAI ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN MDG MLW MLI MOZ NGA RWA SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC ASS CBD IND JAW LSI MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SRL SUL THA VIE QLD

Angola

code: ANG

continent: AFRICA

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Rwanda

code: RWA

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: பையோபைட்டம் அம்ப்ராகுலம்

names: ബയോഫൈറ്റം അംബ്രാകുലം


slug: bipinnula-fimbriata

scientific: Bipinnula fimbriata

authorship: (Poepp.) I.M.Johnst.

genus: Bipinnula

epithet: fimbriata

family: Orchidaceae

Bipinnula mystacina

authorship: Lindl.

Chloraea fimbriata

authorship: Poepp.

Jouyella fimbriata

authorship: (Poepp.) Szlach. & Marg.

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 552 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Caenohalictus
Colletes musculus
Colletes seminitidus
Hornungia

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

value: geophyte

authors: (Poepp.) I.M.Johnst.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 28


slug: bipinnula-penicillata

scientific: Bipinnula penicillata

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Cisternas & Salazar

epithet: penicillata

Asarca arechavaletae

authorship: (Kraenzl.) Kuntze

Chloraea arechavaletae

authorship: Kraenzl.

Chloraea bergii

authorship: Hieron.

Chloraea teixeirana

authorship: (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

Geoblasta arechavaletae

authorship: (Kraenzl.) Szlach. & Marg.

Geoblasta bergii

authorship: (Hieron.) Szlach. & Marg.

Geoblasta penicillata

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Hoehne ex M.N.Correa

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Hoehne

codes: AGE BZS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Rchb.f.) Cisternas & Salazar

published_in: Phytotaxa 64: 10

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: bipinnula-plumosa

scientific: Bipinnula plumosa

epithet: plumosa

published_in: Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Arts, n.s., 1: 51 (1827)

Bipinnula plumosa var. philipporum

authorship: (Kraenzl.) Reiche

Jouyella plumosa

authorship: (Lindl.) Szlach. & Marg.

codes: CLC CLS

Chile South

code: CLS

climate: temperate

published_in: Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Arts n.s., 1: 51


slug: bischofia-javanica

scientific: Bischofia javanica

authorship: Blume

genus: Bischofia

epithet: javanica

family: Phyllanthaceae

preferred: Javanese bishopwood

Andrachne apetala

authorship: Roxb. ex Wall.

authorship: Roxb. ex Benth.

Andrachne trifoliata

authorship: Roxb.

Bischofia cummingiana

authorship: Decne.

Bischofia javanica var. oblongifolia

authorship: (Decne.) Müll.Arg.

Bischofia trifoliata

authorship: (Roxb.) Hook.

Microelus roeperianus

authorship: (Decne.) Wight & Arn.

Phyllanthus gymnanthus

authorship: Baill.

Stylodiscus trifoliatus

authorship: (Roxb.) Benn.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH NNS TAI AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM QLD CRL COO FIJ NWC NUE SAM SCZ SCI TON VAN WAL

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1964 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: Бишофия яванская

partners:
Anthophilolygus bakeri
Rhopalimiris gagai

partners:
Cynopterus brachyotis
Ducula bicolor
Histia flabellicornis
Hypsipetes philippinus
Oriolus chinensis
Penelopides panini
Phapitreron leucotis
Psilopogon haemacephalus

partners:
Amyema fasciculata
Histia flabellicornis
Orgyia postica


slug: biscutella-auriculata

scientific: Biscutella auriculata

authorship: L.

genus: Biscutella

epithet: auriculata

family: Brassicaceae

Biscutella balearica

authorship: Jord.

Biscutella cambessedesii

authorship: Sennen

Biscutella elicrocensis

authorship: Lázaro Ibiza

Biscutella erigerifolia

authorship: DC.

Biscutella major

authorship: Schkuhr

Biscutella orcelitana

authorship: Lag. ex DC.

Clypeola auriculata

authorship: (L.) Crantz

Iondraba auriculata

authorship: (L.) Webb & Berthel.

Iondraba sulphurea

authorship: Medik.

Thlaspidium saccatum

authorship: Moench

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL FRA POR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

France

code: FRA

Portugal

code: POR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Biscutelle auriculée, Lunetière auriculée

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

value: annual

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: yellow

label: Flowering months

value: Feb-Sep

label: Fruit type

value: pod


slug: biscutella-boetica

scientific: Biscutella boetica

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

epithet: boetica

codes: MOR SPA

value: therophyte

authors: Boiss. & Reut.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 1: 42

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biscutella-brevicaulis

scientific: Biscutella brevicaulis

epithet: brevicaulis

codes: FRA ITA

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

names: Biscutelle à tiges courtes, Lunetière à tiges courtes

authors: Jord.

published_in: Diagn. Esp. Nouv. i. 303

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biscutella-cichoriifolia

scientific: Biscutella cichoriifolia

authorship: Loisel.

epithet: cichoriifolia

Biscutella dilatata

authorship: Vis.

Biscutella longa

authorship: Dulac

Biscutella picridifolia

authorship: Lapeyr.

Iondraba cichoriifolia

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Iondraba hispida

authorship: (DC.) Degen

Jondraba cichoriifolia

authorship: (Loisel.) Webb & Berthel.

codes: FRA ITA YUG SPA SWI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Switzerland

code: SWI

region: Middle Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chicory-leaved Buckler-mustard
chicory-leaf buckler mustard

names: Плещатка цикориелистная

names:
Wegwartenblaettriges Brillenschoetchen
Wegwartenblättriges Brillenschötchen

names: Biscutelle à feuilles de chicorée, Lunetière à feuilles de chicorée

partners:
Andrena afrensis
Andrena agilissima
Andrena distinguenda
Andrena florivaga
Andrena lagopus
Andrena niveata
Andrena ranunculorum
Andrena suerinensis

partners:
Brachycarenus tigrinus
Ceutorhynchus chalybaeus
Cleora cinctaria
Euchloe simplonia
Eurydema oleracea
Meligethes fulvipes
Phyllotreta astrachanica
Pieris rapae

authors: Loisel.

published_in: Not. Fl. France 167

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biscutella-didyma

scientific: Biscutella didyma

authorship: L.

epithet: didyma

Biscutella alireza-dadjua

authorship: Parsa

Biscutella apuana

authorship: Raffaelli

Biscutella apula f. ciliata

authorship: (DC.) Parl.

Biscutella apula f. columnae

authorship: (Ten.) Parl.

Biscutella apula subsp. ciliata

authorship: (DC.) Rouy & Foucaud

Biscutella apula var. ciliata

authorship: (DC.) Arcang.

Biscutella apula var. columnae

authorship: (Ten.) Arcang.

Biscutella apula var. depressa

authorship: (Willd.) Asch. & Schweinf.

Biscutella bourgaei

authorship: Jord.

Biscutella ciliata var. columnae

authorship: (Ten.) Mach.-Laur.

Biscutella columnae

authorship: Ten.

Biscutella columnae f. depressa

authorship: (Willd.) Malin.

Biscutella columnae f. leiocarpa

authorship: (Halácsy) Malin.

Biscutella columnae var. depressa

authorship: (Willd.) Boiss.

Biscutella coronopifolia

authorship: Willd.

name: Biscutella coronopifolia var. coronopifolia

Biscutella didyma f. apula

authorship: (L.) Batt.

Biscutella didyma f. ciliata

authorship: (DC.) Thell.

Biscutella didyma subsp. apula

authorship: (L.) Thell.

Biscutella didyma subsp. ciliata

authorship: (DC.) Maire

Biscutella didyma subsp. columnae

authorship: (Ten.) Nyman

Biscutella didyma var. apula

authorship: (L.) Coss.

Biscutella didyma var. ciliata

authorship: (DC.) Vis.

authorship: (DC.) Halácsy

Biscutella didyma var. columnae

authorship: (Ten.) Halácsy

Biscutella didyma var. depressa

authorship: (Willd.) El Naggar

authorship: (Willd.) Thell.

Biscutella didyma var. elbensis

authorship: (Chrtek) El Naggar

Biscutella didyma var. eriocarpa

authorship: (DC.) Maire & Weiller

Biscutella didyma var. leiocarpa

authorship: Halácsy

Biscutella elbensis

authorship: Chrtek

Biscutella lyrata var. apula

authorship: (L.) Batt. & Trab.

Biscutella obovata

authorship: Hort.Par. ex DC.

Biscutella orientalis

authorship: Desf. ex DC.

Biscutella pumila

authorship: Balb. ex DC.

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR SUD TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL SAU SIN TUR ALB COR GRC ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Sinai

code: SIN

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 408 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Плещатка дидимская

names:
Biscutelle
Biscutelle didyme, Lunetière didyme

names: מצלתיים מצויות

partners:
Andrena bicolor
Andrena flavipes
Apis mellifera
Eristalinus aeneus
Lasioglossum malachurum
Meliscaeva auricollis
Andrena canohirta
Andrena distinguenda


slug: biscutella-laevigata

scientific: Biscutella laevigata

authorship: L.

epithet: laevigata

Biscutella alpestris

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Biscutella alpicola

authorship: Jord.

Biscutella ambigua var. tenuifolia

authorship: Bluff & Fingerh.

Biscutella anchusifolia

authorship: Marz. ex Rchb.

Biscutella austriaca subsp. hungarica

authorship: (Soó ex Soó) Peniašt.

Biscutella austriaca var. rudavensis

authorship: Peniašt.

Biscutella bucsecsi

authorship: Simonk.

Biscutella depressa

authorship: Thom. ex DC.

Biscutella frutescens var. lucida

authorship: Maire

Biscutella gracilis

authorship: (Mach.-Laur.) Lawalrée

Biscutella hispidissima

authorship: (Posp.) Landolt

Biscutella laevigata f. lucida

authorship: (DC.) Posp.

Biscutella laevigata f. macrocarpa

authorship: Fritsch

Biscutella laevigata subsp. alsatica

authorship: (Jord.) Mach.-Laur.

name: Biscutella laevigata subsp. angustifolia

authorship: (Marchand) Heywood

name: Biscutella laevigata subsp. guestphalica

Biscutella laevigata subsp. longifolia

authorship: (Vill.) Rouy & Foucaud

authorship: (Clairv.) Gaudin ex Mach.-Laur.

Biscutella laevigata subsp. lucida

authorship: (Balb. ex DC.) Mach.-Laur.

Biscutella laevigata subsp. mollis

authorship: (Schur) Manton

name: Biscutella laevigata subsp. montenegrina

authorship: Rohlena

Biscutella laevigata subsp. scaposa

authorship: (Sennen ex Mach.-Laur.) Romo

Biscutella laevigata subsp. tenuifolia

authorship: (Bluff & Fingerh.) Mach.-Laur.

Biscutella laevigata subsp. tirolensis

authorship: (Mach.-Laur.) Heywood

Biscutella laevigata var. alpestris

authorship: Hornem.

Biscutella laevigata var. asperifolia

authorship: Neilr.

Biscutella laevigata var. asperrima

authorship: Schur

Biscutella laevigata var. budensis

authorship: Soó

Biscutella laevigata var. burnatii

authorship: Bég.

Biscutella laevigata var. cardonica

authorship: O.Bolòs & Masclans

Biscutella laevigata var. dentata

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Biscutella laevigata var. glabra

authorship: (Clairv.) Gaudin

Biscutella laevigata var. hispidissima

authorship: Posp.

Biscutella laevigata var. intermedia

authorship: Arcang.

Biscutella laevigata var. lucida

authorship: (Balb. ex DC.) Saut.

Biscutella laevigata var. obcordata

authorship: (Rchb.) Rchb.

authorship: Rchb. ex Mach.-Laur.

Biscutella laevigata var. scaposa

authorship: (Senn. ex Mach.-Laur.) O.Bolòs & F.Mascians

Biscutella laevigata var. trachycarpa

authorship: Duftschmid

Biscutella laevigata var. varia

authorship: (Dumort.) Lambinon

Biscutella longifolia

authorship: Vill.

name: Biscutella longifolia subsp. angustifolia

authorship: (Mach.-Laur.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Biscutella longifolia subsp. austriaca

authorship: (Jord.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

name: Biscutella longifolia subsp. guestphalica

Biscutella longifolia subsp. hungarica

authorship: (Soó) Soó

name: Biscutella longifolia subsp. montenegrina

authorship: (Rohlena) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Biscutella longifolia subsp. tenuifolia

authorship: (Bluff & Fingerh.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Biscutella longifolia subsp. varia

authorship: (Dumort.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Biscutella longiseta

authorship: Sennen

Biscutella mediterranea var. pivroides

authorship: (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud

Biscutella obcordata

authorship: Rchb.

Biscutella ossolana

authorship: (Raffaelli & Baldoin) Landolt

Biscutella saxatilis

authorship: Schleich. ex DC.

authorship: Spreng.

Biscutella saxatilis var. obcordata

authorship: (Rchb.) Rouy & Foucaud

Biscutella scaposa

authorship: Sennen ex Mach.-Laur.

Biscutella spathulata

authorship: DC.

Biscutella subspathulata

authorship: Lam.

Biscutella timbalii

authorship: Giraudias

Biscutella tirolensis

authorship: (Mach.) H.Hess, Landolt & Hirzel

Biscutella valentina subsp. flexuosa

authorship: (Jord.) Rivas Mart.

Biscutella valentina var. gracilis

authorship: (Mach.-Laur.) Govaerts

Biscutella valentina var. hungarica

authorship: (Soó) Govaerts

Biscutella valentina var. laevigata

authorship: (L.) Grau & Klingenb.

Biscutella valentina var. lucida

authorship: (Balb. ex DC.) Govaerts

codes: ALB AUT BGM BUL CZE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA SWI UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Плещатка гладкая

names: Очки гладенькі

partners:
Cheilosia pagana
Andrena lapponica
Cheilosia antiqua
Dasysyrphus tricinctus
Eristalis tenax
Pollenia rudis
Scathophaga stercoraria
Sphaerophoria

partners:
Eristalis tenax
Pollenia rudis
Scathophaga stercoraria
Sphaerophoria interrupta
Adia coerulescens
Andrena afrensis
Andrena agilissima
Andrena distinguenda

partners:
Anthocharis euphenoides
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Brachycarenus tigrinus
Carduelis citrinella


slug: biscutella-raphanifolia

scientific: Biscutella raphanifolia

authorship: Poir.

epithet: raphanifolia

Biscutella radicata

authorship: Coss. & Durieu

Biscutella radicosa

authorship: Willk. & Lange

name: Biscutella raphanifolia var. ditrichocarpa

authorship: Maire

codes: ALG TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

Tunisia

code: TUN

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

authors: Poir.

published_in: Voy. Barbarie ii. 198

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biserrula-pelecinus

scientific: Biserrula pelecinus

authorship: L.

genus: Biserrula

epithet: pelecinus

family: Fabaceae

Astragalus pelecinus

authorship: (L.) Barneby

Astragalus pelecinus subsp. leiocarpus

authorship: (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Podlech

Biserrula leiocarpa

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Biserrula mediterranea

authorship: Bubani

Biserrula pelecinus subsp. dalmatica

authorship: Trinajstić

Biserrula pelecinus var. brachycarpa

authorship: Rouy

Biserrula pelecinus var. brevipes

authorship: Murb.

Biserrula pelecinus var. gabrielis

authorship: Sennen

Biserrula pelecinus var. glabra

authorship: Lowe

Biserrula pelecinus var. leiocarpa

authorship: (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Chiov.

Biserrula pelecinus var. subintegra

authorship: Baker f.

Biserrula pelecinus var. vasilevii

authorship: Degen & Urum.

Biserrula simeti

authorship: Tornab.

Pelecinus biserrula

authorship: Moench

Pelecinus vulgaris

authorship: Medik.

codes: ALG CNY DJI ERI ETH LBY MDR MOR SEL SUD TAN TUN WSA EAI LBS PAL SAU SIN TUR YEM ALB BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Djibouti

code: DJI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Selvagens

code: SEL

Tanzania

code: TAN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Yemen

code: YEM

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 767 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Biserrule en forme de hache, astragale en forme de hache


slug: bismarckia-nobilis

scientific: Bismarckia nobilis

authorship: Hildebrandt & H.Wendl.

genus: Bismarckia

epithet: nobilis

family: Arecaceae

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 39: 94 (1881)

Medemia nobilis

authorship: (Hildebrandt & H.Wendl.) Bureau

authorship: (Hildebrandt & H.Wendl.) Drude

Madagascar

code: MDG

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 221 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 霸王棕 霸王櫚

names:
بسماركية نبيلة
نخيل بسماركي

names:
Palmeira azul
Palmeira-azul

names:
Бисмаркия благородная
Пальма Бисмарка

names:
Bismarckie noble, Palmier Bismarck
Palmier de Bismarck

names: ביסמרקיה אצילה

names: Satra Satrabe

partners:
Nesomyndus australis
Nesomyndus maculatus
Nesomyndus madagascarensis

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

value: phanerophyte

authors: Hildebrandt & H.Wendl.

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 39(no. 6): 94

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: bituminaria-antiatlantica

scientific: Bituminaria antiatlantica

authorship: Brullo, C.Brullo, Cambria, Cristaudo & Giusso

genus: Bituminaria

epithet: antiatlantica

Psoralea bituminosa var. rotundata

authorship: Maire

published_in: PhytoKeys 85: 111

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: bituminaria-bituminosa

scientific: Bituminaria bituminosa

authorship: (L.) C.H.Stirt.

epithet: bituminosa

preferred: Arabian pea

Aspalthium bituminosum

authorship: (L.) Fourr.

Asphalthium bituminosum

authorship: (L.) Medik.

Asphalthium palaestinum

authorship: (Gouan) Medik.

Bipontinia bituminosa

authorship: (L.) Alef.

name: Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata

authorship: P.Méndez, Fern.Galván & A.Santos

Bituminaria bituminosa var. brachycarpa

authorship: (Feldmann) Danin

name: Bituminaria bituminosa var. crassiuscula

Lotodes bituminosum

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Psoralea angustifolia

authorship: Willd.

Psoralea bituminosa

authorship: L.

Psoralea bituminosa subsp. latifolia

authorship: (Moris) Arcang.

Psoralea bituminosa subsp. pontica

authorship: (A.P.Khokhr.) Zernov

Psoralea bituminosa var. angustifolia

authorship: Guss.

Psoralea bituminosa var. brachycarpa

authorship: Feldmann

Psoralea bituminosa var. communis

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Psoralea bituminosa var. humilis

authorship: Bég. & A.Vacc.

Psoralea bituminosa var. latifolia

authorship: Moris

Psoralea bituminosa var. laxa

authorship: Maire & Weiller

Psoralea bituminosa var. prostrata

authorship: Zohary

Psoralea elata

authorship: Salisb.

Psoralea frutescens

authorship: Poir.

Psoralea palaestina

authorship: Gouan

Psoralea taurica

authorship: Ledeb. ex Nyman

Rhynchodium bituminosum

authorship: (L.) C.Presl

Rhynchodium foetidum

authorship: (C.Presl) C.Presl

Trifolium bituminosum

authorship: Garsault

codes: ALG CNY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS NCS PAL SIN TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

names: Псоралея смолистая

names:
Psoralée bitumineuse
Psoralée à odeur de bitume

names: Смоляниця південна

partners:
Andrena
Megachile
Papilio machaon
Amegilla
Anthidium
Conophorus virescens
Iphiclides podalirius
Lasioglossum

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Andrena
Anthidium
Rhodanthidium septemdentatum
Anthophora
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus ruderatus
Bombus terrestris

partners:
Bembecia albanensis
Mylabris quadripunctata
Acronicta rumicis
Anthidium cingulatum
Anthidium florentinum
Aphis craccivora
Aphis cytisorum
Aphis gossypii

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: bituminaria-morisiana

scientific: Bituminaria morisiana

authorship: (Pignatti & Metlesics) Greuter

epithet: morisiana

Psoralea morisiana

authorship: Pignatti & Metlesics

Sardegna

code: SAR

authors: (Pignatti & Metlesics) Greuter

published_in: Willdenowia 16(1): 108

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: bixa-orellana

scientific: Bixa orellana

authorship: L.

genus: Bixa

epithet: orellana

family: Bixaceae

preferred: Achiote

english: Achiote lipsticktree

Bixa acuminata

authorship: Bojer

Bixa katangensis

authorship: Delpierre

Bixa odorata

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don

Bixa orellana f. leiocarpa

authorship: (Kuntze) J.F.Macbr.

Bixa orellana var. leiocarpa

authorship: (Kuntze) Standl. & L.O.Williams

Bixa orleana

authorship: Noronha

Bixa purpurea

authorship: Sweet

Orellana americana

authorship: (Poir.) Kuntze

Orellana americana var. leiocarpa

authorship: Kuntze

Orellana orellana

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PAR PER SUR VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Lignin

activities: AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticoronary Antidiarrheic Antinitrosaminic Antioxidant Antitumor

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Saponins

activities:
Antihepatomic
Antimutagenic
Antitumor (Lung)
Antitumor (Ovary)
Immunomodulator

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

partners: Bombus transversalis, Epicharis affinis, Epicharis flava, Epicharis rustica, Eulaema cingulata, Eulaema meriana, Melipona fasciculata, Melipona melanoventer, Xylocopa aurulenta, Xylocopa frontalis

partners:
Euglossa
Melipona beecheii
Augochloropsis
Augochloropsis ignita
Augochloropsis metallica
Bombus transversalis
Centris terminata
Epicharis elegans

partners:
Augochloropsis aurifluens
Bombus medius
Conogethes punctiferalis
Epicharis flava
Eulaema cingulata
Eulaema polychroma
Homo sapiens
Leptoglossus gonagra

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: blachia-umbellata

scientific: Blachia umbellata

authorship: Baill.

genus: Blachia

epithet: umbellata

family: Euphorbiaceae

published_in: Étude Euphorb. : 387 (1858)

Blachia reflexa

authorship: Benth.

Bruxanellia indica

authorship: Dennst.

authorship: Dennst. ex Kostel.

Codiaeum umbellatum

authorship: (Willd.) Müll.Arg.

Croton umbellatus

authorship: Willd.

codes: IND SRL

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

lifeform: shrub or tree

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Baill.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: blackstonia-acuminata

scientific: Blackstonia acuminata

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch & Ziz) Domin

genus: Blackstonia

epithet: acuminata

family: Gentianaceae

published_in: Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 34: 25 (1933)

Blackstonia acuminata f. aestiva

authorship: (K.Malý) Domin

Blackstonia citrina

authorship: (Boiss. & Reut.) Domin

Blackstonia perfoliata subsp. acuminata

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch & Ziz) Dostál

Blackstonia perfoliata subsp. serotina

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb.) Vollm.

Blackstonia serotina

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb.) Beck

Blackstonia serotina var. aestiva

authorship: (K.Malý) Hayek

Centaurium serotinum

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb.) E.H.L.Krause

Chlora acuminata

authorship: Koch & Ziz

authorship: W.D.J.Koch & Ziz

Chlora citrina

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

Chlora lanceolata var. serotina

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb.) Boiss.

Chlora perfoliata f. exilis

authorship: Bolzon

Chlora perfoliata subsp. serotina

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb.) Arcang.

Chlora perfoliata var. serotina

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb.) Bolzon

Chlora serotina

authorship: Koch

authorship: W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb.

Chlora serotina var. balearica

authorship: Pau

codes: ALG MOR CYP EAI IRQ LBS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 242 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: العشبة الصفراء متأخرة الأزهار

names: Блэкстония заострённая

names:
Später Bitterling
Spaetbluehender Bitterling

names:
Centaurée jaune tardive
Blackstonie acuminee

partners:
Gynnidomorpha permixtana
Philopterus osborni

published_in: Bull. Internat. Acad. Sc., Prague 1933, xxxiv. 25

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: blackstonia-grandiflora

scientific: Blackstonia grandiflora

authorship: (Viv.) Maire

epithet: grandiflora

published_in: Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 41 (1927)

Blackstonia grandiflora var. trimestris

authorship: (Murb.) Zeltner

name: Blackstonia perfoliata subsp. grandiflora

Blackstonia perfoliata var. ponsii

authorship: (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Chlora grandiflora

authorship: Viv.

Chlora grandiflora var. hibernans

authorship: Murb.

Chlora perfoliata var. grandiflora

authorship: (Viv.) Griseb.

Chlora perfoliata var. mascariensis

authorship: Ball

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Viv.) Maire

published_in: Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 41


slug: blackstonia-perfoliata

scientific: Blackstonia perfoliata

authorship: (L.) Huds.

epithet: perfoliata

Blackstonia intermedia

authorship: (Ten.) Sennen ex Martínez

Blackstonia perfoliata f. intermedia

authorship: (Ten.) A.Robyns

Blackstonia perfoliata f. ochroleuca

authorship: (H.Lindb.) Maire

Chironia perfoliata

authorship: (L.) Salisb.

Chlora citrina var. ternata

authorship: Borbás

Chlora intermedia

authorship: Ten.

Chlora mascariensis

authorship: Desf. ex Steud.

Chlora perfoliata subsp. intermedia

authorship: (Ten.) Nyman

Chlora perfoliata var. acuminata

authorship: Griseb.

Chlora perfoliata var. compacta

authorship: Lange

Chlora perfoliata var. pusilla

authorship: Gaudin

Chlora sicula

authorship: Tineo

authorship: Tineo ex Guss.

Gentiana perfoliata

authorship: L.

Pleurimaria mascariensis

authorship: Raf.

Pleurimaria perfoliata

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Seguiera perfoliata

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Seguiera perfoliata var. compacta

authorship: (Lange) Merino

codes: ALG MOR TUN CYP EAI IRQ LBS PAL SIN TUR ALB AUT BAL BGM BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POR SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baleares

code: BAL

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

Hungary

code: HUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2080 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Блэкстония пронзеннолистная
Блэкстония пронзённолистная

names:
Zomer- en Herfstbitterling
zomerbitterling en herfstbitterling

names: Блекстонія пронизанолиста

names: חוורית חרוזה

names: Пронизанолистна блекстония

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Anthaxia dimidiata
Anthaxia parallela
Anthaxia scutellaris
Braconidae
Ceratina chalcites
Ceratina cyanea
Empis genualis

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Lasioglossum puncticolle

partners:
Aphis gentianae
Chromatomyia blackstoniae
Gynnidomorpha permixtana
Philopterus osborni


slug: blainvillea-gayana

scientific: Blainvillea gayana

authorship: Cass.

genus: Blainvillea

epithet: gayana

family: Asteraceae

Aspilia gayana

authorship: (Cass.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.

Wedelia triseta

authorship: Peter

codes: ANG BOT BKN CMN CVI CHA DJI ERI ETH MLI MTN MOZ TVL SEN TAN ZAM ZIM SAU YEM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

region: West Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cape Verde

code: CVI

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Djibouti

code: DJI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Senegal

code: SEN

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Синедрелла узлоцветковая

value: herb

published_in: Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. [F. Cuvier] 47: 90

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blakea-anomala

scientific: Blakea anomala

genus: Blakea

epithet: anomala

family: Melastomataceae

Costa Rica

code: COS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: blakea-chlorantha

scientific: Blakea chlorantha

authorship: Almeda

epithet: chlorantha

authors: Almeda

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blakea-eriocalyx

scientific: Blakea eriocalyx

authorship: Wurdack

epithet: eriocalyx

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

lifeform: hemiepiphytic shrub

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

authors: Wurdack

published_in: Phytologia 43: 344


slug: blakea-gracilis

scientific: Blakea gracilis

authorship: Hemsl.

epithet: gracilis

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 1: 13 (1878)

codes: COS NIC PAN

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Atlapetes albinucha
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Catharus ustulatus
Chamaepetes unicolor
Chiroxiphia linearis
Chlorophonia callophrys
Chlorospingus flavopectus
Colaptes rubiginosus

value: 3 m

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 1: 13

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blakea-grandiflora

scientific: Blakea grandiflora

Blakea pittieri

authorship: Cogn.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
San Miguel
San Miguel blanco


slug: blakea-guatemalensis

scientific: Blakea guatemalensis

epithet: guatemalensis

codes: MXT MXS COS GUA PAN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA


slug: blakea-henripittieri

scientific: Blakea henripittieri

authorship: (Cogn.) Penneys & Almeda

epithet: henripittieri

codes: CLM COS ECU PAN PER

Peru

code: PER

value: 5 m

authors: (Cogn.) Penneys & Almeda

published_in: PhytoKeys 20: 26

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blakea-litoralis

scientific: Blakea litoralis

epithet: litoralis

codes: COS PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fieldiana, Bot. 31: 34


slug: blakea-maurofernandeziana

scientific: Blakea maurofernandeziana

epithet: maurofernandeziana

codes: MXG MXS COS NIC PAN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: PhytoKeys 20: 28

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blakea-multiflora

scientific: Blakea multiflora

epithet: multiflora

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 326 (1823)

Blakea boliviensis

authorship: (Cogn. ex Kuntze) Kuntze

Topobea boliviensis

authorship: Cogn. ex Kuntze

Topobea longipes

authorship: Naudin

Topobea multiflora

authorship: (D.Don) Triana

codes: BOL COS ECU PAN PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 326


slug: blakea-paludosa

scientific: Blakea paludosa

authorship: Gleason

epithet: paludosa

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 261 (1931)

authors: Gleason

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 261

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: blakea-parasitica

scientific: Blakea parasitica

authorship: (Aubl.) D.Don

epithet: parasitica

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 327 (1823)

Topobea parasitica

authorship: Aubl.

Topobea rupicola

authorship: Hoehne

codes: BZN CLM COS FRG GUY PAN VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. iv. (1823) 327

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blakea-quadrangularis

scientific: Blakea quadrangularis

authorship: Triana

epithet: quadrangularis

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 149 (1871 publ. 1872)

names: Miona Mioncito

value: liana

authors: Triana

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28(1): 149

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blakea-scarlatina

scientific: Blakea scarlatina

epithet: scarlatina

codes: COS NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 46: 314 (fig. 9)


slug: blakea-subvaginata

scientific: Blakea subvaginata

epithet: subvaginata

codes: CLM ECU PER


slug: blakea-tuberculata

scientific: Blakea tuberculata

epithet: tuberculata


slug: blanchardia-clypeata

scientific: Blanchardia clypeata

authorship: (L.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett

genus: Blanchardia

epithet: clypeata

preferred: Congo mahoe

source: usda

Abelmoschus cryptocarpos

authorship: (A.Rich.) Walp.

Hibiscus bahamensis

authorship: Britton

Hibiscus berlandierianus

authorship: Moric.

Hibiscus brachypus

authorship: Urb.

Hibiscus brittonianus

authorship: Kearney

Hibiscus clypeatus

authorship: L.

Hibiscus clypeatus subsp. cryptocarpos

authorship: (A.Rich.) O.J.Blanch.

Hibiscus clypeatus subsp. membranaceus

authorship: (Cav.) O.J.Blanch.

Hibiscus membranaceus

authorship: Cav.

Hibiscus tomentosus

authorship: Mill.

Munchusia tomentosa

authorship: Raf.

codes: MXG MXE MXT TEX BAH CAY CUB DOM GUA HAI JAM LEE PUE TCI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

value: perennial

authors: (L.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HICL2

license: public domain


slug: blandfordia-grandiflora

scientific: Blandfordia grandiflora

genus: Blandfordia

epithet: grandiflora

family: Blandfordiaceae

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 296 (1810)

Blandfordia flammea

authorship: Lindl.

authorship: Lindl. ex Paxton

Blandfordia flammea var. aurea

authorship: (Hook.f.) Benth. ex Bailey

Blandfordia flammea var. princeps

authorship: (W.G.Sm.) Baker

Blandfordia grandiflora var. intermedia

authorship: (Herb.) Baker

Blandfordia intermedia

authorship: Herb.

Blandfordia speciosa

authorship: Link

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 406 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

value: capsule

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 296


slug: blandfordia-nobilis

scientific: Blandfordia nobilis

authorship: Sm.

epithet: nobilis

Blandfordia nobilis var. imperialis

authorship: W.Mill. & N.Taylor

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 580 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Sm.

published_in: Exot. Bot. i. 5. t. 4


slug: blandfordia-punicea

scientific: Blandfordia punicea

authorship: (Labill.) Sweet

epithet: punicea

preferred: Tasmanian Christmas Bell

Aletris punicea

authorship: Labill.

Blandfordia grandiflora var. backhousii

authorship: (Lindl.) Hook.f.

Blandfordia grandiflora var. marginata

authorship: (Herb.) Hook.f.

Blandfordia maculata

authorship: Spreng.

Tasmania

code: TAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 357 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tasmanian Christmas Bell
Christmas Bells

names: Блендфордия пурпурная

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Sweet

published_in: Sweet's Hort. Brit., ed. 2. 517


slug: blasia-pusilla

scientific: Blasia pusilla

authorship: L.

genus: Blasia

epithet: pusilla

family: Blasiaceae

Biagia funckii

authorship: (Corda) Trevis.

Biagia pusilla

authorship: (L.) Trevis.

Blasia funckii

authorship: Corda

Blasia immersa

authorship: Dumort.

Blasia pusilla f. crispa

authorship: Nees

Blasia pusilla f. funckii

authorship: (Corda) Nees

Blasia pusilla var. ampulifera

authorship: Huebener

Blasia pusilla var. fertilis

authorship: (Nees) Debat

Jungermannia biloba

authorship: Sw. ex F.Weber

Jungermannia blasia

authorship: Hook. ex DC.

Jungermannia blasia var. fructifera

authorship: Wallr.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 475 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Kettlewort
Kettlewort

names: Блазия крошечная

names:
Flaschenmoos
Kleines Flaschenmoos

names:
blaise commun
blasie exiguë

names: ler-bålmossa lerbålmossa

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Cyanobacteria
Nostoc
Nostoc punctiforme

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: blastania-cerasiformis

scientific: Blastania cerasiformis

authorship: (Stocks) A.Meeuse

genus: Blastania

epithet: cerasiformis

family: Cucurbitaceae

preferred: ctenolepis

Blastania fimbristipula

authorship: Kotschy & Peyr.

Bryonia fimbristipula

authorship: Fenzl ex Hook.f.

Ctenolepis cerasiformis

authorship: (Stocks) Hook.f.

Ctenopsis cerasiformis

authorship: (Stocks) Naudin

Melothria fimbristipula

authorship: (Kotschy & Peyr.) Roberty

Pilogyne cerasiformis

authorship: Stocks ex Aitch.

Zehneria cerasiformis

authorship: Stocks

codes: BEN BOT BKN CMN CAF CHA ERI ETH KEN MLW MLI MTN MOZ NGR NGA TVL SEN SOM SUD TAN ZAM ZIM SAU YEM IND PAK

Benin

code: BEN

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Senegal

code: SEN

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Yemen

code: YEM

India

code: IND

Pakistan

code: PAK

lifeform: climbing annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blastus-cochinchinensis

scientific: Blastus cochinchinensis

authorship: Lour.

genus: Blastus

epithet: cochinchinensis

Anplectrum parviflorum

authorship: Benth.

Blastus parviflorus

authorship: (Benth.) Triana

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI ASS CBD EHM MYA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1824 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 山崩砂 崩疮药

value: tree

source: GIFT

value: woody

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

authors: Lour.


slug: blastus-pauciflorus

scientific: Blastus pauciflorus

authorship: (Benth.) Guillaumin

epithet: pauciflorus

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 90 (1913)

Blastus apricus

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) H.L.Li

Blastus apricus var. longiflorus

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) C.Chen

Blastus cavaleriei

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Blastus hindsii

authorship: Hance

Blastus lii

authorship: Nayar

Blastus longiflorus var. apricus

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.L.Zheng & N.H.Xia

Blastus squamosus

authorship: C.Y.Wu & Y.C.Huang

Oxyspora pauciflora

authorship: (Benth.) Benth.

codes: CHC CHS

names: 叶下红 少花柏拉木

value: shrub

value: 2 m

authors: Guillaumin

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 90


slug: blechnidium-melanopus

scientific: Blechnidium melanopus

authorship: (Hook.) T.Moore

genus: Blechnidium

epithet: melanopus

family: Blechnaceae

published_in: Brit. Ferns [T. Moore] 2: 210 (1860)

Blechnidium plagiogyrifrons

authorship: (Hayata) Hayata

Blechnum melanopus

authorship: Hook.

Blechnum plagiogyriifrons

authorship: Hayata

Spicanta melanopus

authorship: (Hook.) Kuntze

codes: CHC TAI ASS EHM MYA

Assam

region: Indian Subcontinent

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 乌木蕨 雉尾乌毛蕨

published_in: Brit. Ferns [T. Moore] 2: 210


slug: blechnopsis-finlaysoniana

scientific: Blechnopsis finlaysoniana

authorship: (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl

genus: Blechnopsis

epithet: finlaysoniana

Asplenium penangianum

authorship: Wall.

Blechnum decurrens

authorship: Roxb.

Blechnum finlaysonianum

authorship: Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.

Salpichlaena finlaysoniana

authorship: (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fée

Salpichlaena latifolia

authorship: (C.Presl) Trevis.

Spicanta finlaysoniana

authorship: (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Kuntze

codes: AND BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG NCB PHI SUL SUM THA

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl

published_in: Epimel. Bot. 116


slug: blechnopsis-orientalis

scientific: Blechnopsis orientalis

authorship: (L.) C.Presl

epithet: orientalis

preferred: midsorus fern

Asplenium orientale

authorship: (L.) Bernh.

Blechnopsis adnata

authorship: (Reinw. ex de Vriese) C.Presl

Blechnopsis imbricata

authorship: (Blume) C.Presl

Blechnopsis longifolia

authorship: (Cav.) C.Presl

Blechnopsis nitida

authorship: (C.Presl) C.Presl

Blechnopsis salicifolia

authorship: (Kaulf.) C.Presl

Blechnum adnatum

authorship: Reinw. ex de Vriese

Blechnum agrostifolium

authorship: Goldm.

Blechnum elongatum

authorship: Gaudich.

Blechnum imbricatum

authorship: Blume

Blechnum longifolium

authorship: Cav.

Blechnum orientale

authorship: L.

Blechnum orientale var. grande

authorship: B.K.Nayar & Geev.

Blechnum salicifolium

authorship: Kaulf.

Blechnum stenophyllum

authorship: (C.Presl) Fée

Salpichlaena adnata

authorship: (Reinw. ex de Vriese) Trevis.

Salpichlaena elongata

authorship: Trevis.

Salpichlaena imbricata

authorship: (Blume) Trevis.

Salpichlaena longifolia

authorship: (Cav.) Trevis.

Salpichlaena orientalis

authorship: (L.) Fée

Spicanta elongata

authorship: (C.Presl) Kuntze

Spicanta orientalis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS OGA TAI CHT AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NTA QLD WAU CRL COO FIJ MRN NWC SAM SCZ SCI TON TUB VAN WAL

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

India

code: IND

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2025 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: blechnum-appendiculatum

scientific: Blechnum appendiculatum

authorship: Willd.

genus: Blechnum

epithet: appendiculatum

preferred: palm fern

Blechnum distans var. meridionale

authorship: (C.Presl) Rosenst.

Blechnum glandulosum

authorship: Kaulf. ex Link

Blechnum glandulosum var. elongatum

authorship: Kunze

Blechnum glandulosum var. pallidum

authorship: Rosenst.

Blechnum heterocarpum

authorship: Fée

name: Blechnum occidentale var. appendiculatum

authorship: (Willd.) Hieron.

Blechnum occidentale var. glandulosum

authorship: (Link) Proctor

Blechnum occidentale var. intermedium

authorship: (Link) E.Fourn.

Blechnum occidentale var. meridionale

authorship: (C.Presl) Luetzelb.

Blechnum occidentale var. minor

authorship: Hook.

Mesothema appendiculatum

authorship: (Willd.) C.Presl

codes: FLA GEO MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX BOL CLM COS DOM ECU ELS GUA HON JAM NIC PAN PER TRT VEN

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 641 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: blechnum-asplenioides

scientific: Blechnum asplenioides

authorship: Sw.

epithet: asplenioides

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 72, t.3, f.3 (1817)

Blechnum asplenioides f. minus

authorship: Hieron.

Blechnum ceteraccinum

authorship: Raddi

Blechnum delicatum

authorship: Maxon & C.V.Morton

Osmunda obtusa

authorship: Banks & Sol.

Spicanta asplenioides

authorship: (Lag.) Kuntze

codes: AGE BOL BZN BZS BZL BZC CLM FRG GUY PAR PER SUR VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Paraguay

code: PAR

Suriname

code: SUR

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: lithophyte

authors: Sw.


slug: blechnum-australe

scientific: Blechnum australe

authorship: L.

epithet: australe

Blechnopteris australis

authorship: (L.) Trevis.

Blechnum australe f. glanduliferum

authorship: Schelpe

Blechnum australe var. aberrans

authorship: N.C.Anthony & Schelpe

Blechnum tricuspe

authorship: Kaulf. ex Sieb.

Lomaria australis

authorship: Lowe

authorship: (L.) Link

Lomaria blechnoides

authorship: Desv.

Lomaria minor

authorship: Link

Lomaria pumila

authorship: Kaulf.

Lomaria rigida

authorship: (Sw.) Fée

Mesothema australe

authorship: (L.) C.Presl

Mesothema rigidum

authorship: (Sw.) C.Presl

Spicanta australis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Struthiopteris javanica

authorship: Trevis.

Struthiopteris rigida

authorship: (Sw.) Trevis.

codes: ASC CPP OFS KEN NAT LES MDG NAM TVL REU TAN ZIM TDC

Ascension

code: ASC

region: Middle Atlantic Ocean

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Réunion

code: REU

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

region: South Tropical Africa

Tristan da Cunha

code: TDC

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

lifeform: perennial or lithophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 169 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Southern Deer Fern
Southern Hard Fern

value: geophyte

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: blechnum-hastatum

scientific: Blechnum hastatum

epithet: hastatum

Blechnum auriculatum f. parvulum

authorship: (Phil.) C.Chr. & Skottsb.

Blechnum auriculatum f. remotum

authorship: C.Chr. & Skottsb.

Blechnum auriculatum var. hastatum

authorship: (Kaulf.) Osten & Herter

Blechnum auriculatum var. parvulum

authorship: (Phil.) Looser

Blechnum auriculatum var. trilobum

authorship: (C.Presl) Hassl.

authorship: Osten & Herter

Blechnum australe f. trilobum

authorship: (C.Presl) Rosenst.

Blechnum australe var. hastatum

authorship: (Kaulf.) Hieron.

Blechnum australe var. trilobum

authorship: (C.Presl) Hieron.

Blechnum brevifolium subsp. parvulum

authorship: (Phil.) G.Kunkel

Blechnum brevifolium var. bifurcatum

authorship: (Looser) G.Kunkel

Blechnum hastatum f. bifidum

authorship: Hahne

Blechnum hastatum var. minus

authorship: Hook.

name: Blechnum hastatum var. pinnatopinnatifidum

Blechnum hastatum var. trilobum

authorship: (C.Presl) G.Kunkel

Blechnum parvulum

authorship: Phil.

Lomaria hastata

authorship: (Kaulf.) Kunze

Lomaria pubescens

authorship: (Hook.) Kunze

Lomaria triloba

authorship: Fée

Mesothema hastatum

authorship: (Kaulf.) C.Presl

Mesothema remotum

authorship: (C.Presl) C.Presl

Spicanta hastata

authorship: (Kaulf.) Kuntze

Taenitis sagittaefera

authorship: Bory

codes: AGE AGW AGS CLC CLS JNF

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

Juan Fernández Is.

code: JNF

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 751 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Quil-quil Quilquil

authors: Kaulf.

published_in: Enum. Filic. 161

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: blechnum-occidentale

scientific: Blechnum occidentale

authorship: L.

epithet: occidentale

preferred: hammock fern

Blechnum campylotis

authorship: (Kunze) J.Sm.

Blechnum cartilagineum

authorship: Schkuhr

Blechnum cillatum

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Blechnum drepanophyllum

authorship: Trevis.

Blechnum falcatum

authorship: Link

Blechnum glandulosum

authorship: Wall.

Blechnum humile

authorship: Salisb.

Blechnum lomariaceum

authorship: Sodiro

Blechnum meridionale var. pubirhachis

authorship: Rosenst.

Blechnum occidentale f. pubirhachis

authorship: (Rosenthal) Lellinger

Blechnum occidentale var. campylotis

authorship: (Kunze) Farw.

Blechnum occidentale var. cunninghamii

authorship: (T.Moore) Baker

Blechnum occidentale var. lomarioides

authorship: (Sodiro) J.Bommer & Christ

Blechnum occidentale var. pallidum

authorship: Suess.

Blechnum occidentale var. solutum

authorship: Kuhn ex E.Fourn.

Blechnum puberulum

authorship: (Sodiro) A.Rojas

Blechnum suburbicum

authorship: Vell.

Lomaria campylotis

authorship: Kunze

Spicanta occidentalis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 533 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species


slug: blechnum-polypodioides

scientific: Blechnum polypodioides

authorship: Raddi

epithet: polypodioides

preferred: narrowleaf midsorus fern

source: wikidata

Asplenium blechnoides

authorship: Lag.; Sw.

Blechnum angustifrons

authorship: Fée

Blechnum blechnoides

authorship: (Lag. ex Sw.) C.Chr.

Blechnum polypodioides var. unilaterale

authorship: Kunze ex Klotzsch

Blechnum scabrum

authorship: Liebm.

Blechnum unilaterale

authorship: Willd.

authorship: Sw.

Blechnum unilaterale f. maius

authorship: Sehnem

Spicanta unilateralis

authorship: Kuntze

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE BLZ BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GAL GUA GUY HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Galápagos

code: GAL

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM


slug: blechnum-punctulatum

scientific: Blechnum punctulatum

epithet: punctulatum

Aspidium scolopendrioides

authorship: Mett.

Blechnopsis punctulata

authorship: Trevis.

Blechnopteris punctulata

authorship: (Sw.) Trevis.

Blechnum atherstonei

authorship: Pappe & Rawson

Blechnum punctulatum f. glanduliferum

authorship: Schelpe

name: Blechnum punctulatum var. scolopendrioides

Lomaria auriculata

authorship: Desv.

Lomaria densa

authorship: Kaulf.

Lomaria krebsii

authorship: (Kunze) J.Sm.

Lomaria punctulata

authorship: (Sw.) Kunze

Lomaria punctulata var. atherstonei

authorship: (Pappe & Rawson) Sim

Lomaria punctulata var. intermedia

authorship: Sim

Lomaria punctulata var. krebsii

authorship: (Kunze) Sim

Mesothema punctulatum

authorship: (Sw.) C.Presl

Scolopendrium krebsii

authorship: (Kunze) Kunze

Spicanta punctulata

authorship: (Sw.) Kuntze

Struthiopteris dregeana

authorship: (Fée) Trevis.

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES MDG MLW TVL TAN ZIM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Madagascar

code: MDG

Malawi

code: MLW

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 350 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Glossy Deer Fern
Glossy Hard Fern


slug: blennodia-canescens

scientific: Blennodia canescens

genus: Blennodia

epithet: canescens

published_in: Narr. Exped. C. Australia 2(App.): 67 (1849)

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

value: annual

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

published_in: Bot. Sturt's Exped. Australia 4


slug: blennosperma-bakeri

scientific: Blennosperma bakeri

authorship: Heiser

genus: Blennosperma

epithet: bakeri

preferred: Baker's stickyseed

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Baker's stickyseed
Baker's blennosperma

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Toxomerus occidentalis
Andrena angustitarsata
Andrena blennospermatis
Andrena pensilis
Apis mellifera
Halictus tripartitus
Lasioglossum
Syrphidae

label: Eaten by

partners:
Toxomerus marginatus
Toxomerus occidentalis

source: USDA PLANTS

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Heiser

published_in: Madroño 9: 103, fig. 1, 2


slug: blennosperma-nanum

scientific: Blennosperma nanum

authorship: (Hook.) S.F.Blake

epithet: nanum

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 39: 144 (1926)

preferred: common stickyseed

Blennosperma californicum

authorship: (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray

Chrysanthemum nanum

authorship: Hook.

Coniothele californica

authorship: DC.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 967 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
common stickyseed
Golden Carpet

partners:
Andrena blennospermatis
Paragus haemorrhous
Scathophaga stercoraria

label: Growth habit

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Woodiness

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 39: 144

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: blennospora-drummondii

scientific: Blennospora drummondii

genus: Blennospora

epithet: drummondii

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 173 (1851)

Calocephalus drummondii

authorship: Benth.

Leucophyta drummondii

authorship: Kuntze

codes: SOA VIC WAU

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 269 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life cycle

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 173


slug: blepharidachne-bigelovii

scientific: Blepharidachne bigelovii

authorship: (S.Watson) Hack.

genus: Blepharidachne

epithet: bigelovii

family: Poaceae

preferred: Bigelow's desertgrass

codes: MXE NWM TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

names:
Bigelow's desertgrass
Bigelow desertgrass

value: graminoid

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Hack.

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 6: 261

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharidachne-kingii

scientific: Blepharidachne kingii

epithet: kingii

preferred: King's eyelashgrass

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE UTA

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
King's eyelashgrass
King's eyelash grass

value: herb

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: blepharipappus-scaber

scientific: Blepharipappus scaber

genus: Blepharipappus

epithet: scaber

preferred: rough eyelashweed

Blepharipappus scaber subsp. laevis

authorship: (A.Gray) D.D.Keck

Ptilonella laevis

authorship: Greene

Ptilonella scabra

authorship: Nutt.

Ptilonella scabra var. subcalva

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE WAS

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1036 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
rough eyelashweed
rough blepharipappus

authors: Hook.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Hooker) 1(6): 316

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: blepharis-aspera

scientific: Blepharis aspera

authorship: Oberm.

genus: Blepharis

epithet: aspera

family: Acanthaceae

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus.  19: 122 (1937)

codes: BOT TVL ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

authors: Oberm.

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus. xix. 122 (1937)

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-attenuata

scientific: Blepharis attenuata

authorship: Napper

epithet: attenuata

codes: EGY PAL SIN

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Palestine

code: PAL

region: Western Asia

Sinai

code: SIN

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: شوك الضب الرقيق

names: Блефарис оттянутый

authors: Napper

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: blepharis-capensis

scientific: Blepharis capensis

authorship: (L.f.) Pers.

epithet: capensis

Acanthodium capense

authorship: (L.f.) Nees

Acanthodium capense var. leucographus

authorship: Nees

Acanthus capensis

authorship: Thunb.

Blepharis furcata

authorship: Eckl. ex Nees

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 356 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cape Lash
Cape Lashes

names: Jakkalsdoorn Skerpioenbos

partners:
Amegilla nivea
Amegilla obscuriceps
Amegilla penicula
Anagyrus qadrii
Anthidium pontis
Coelioxys foveolatus
Eupelmus phragmitis
Eurytoma caulicola

value: 1 m

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Pers.

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(1): 180


slug: blepharis-ciliaris

scientific: Blepharis ciliaris

authorship: (L.) B.L.Burtt

epithet: ciliaris

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh  22: 94 (1956)

Acanthus pectinatus

authorship: Willd. ex Nees

Blepharis persica

authorship: (Burm.f.) Kuntze

Ruellia ciliaris

authorship: L.

codes: IRN OMA SAU YEM PAK

Iran

code: IRN

Oman

code: OMA

region: Arabian Peninsula

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

Pakistan

code: PAK

region: Indian Subcontinent

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: therophyte

value: Mar-Apr

authors: (L.) B.L.Burtt

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 94

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-diversispina

scientific: Blepharis diversispina

authorship: (Nees) C.B.Clarke

epithet: diversispina

codes: BOT MOZ NAM TVL ZIM

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 98 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Блефарис разноколючковый

partners:
Eurytoma caulicola
Megastigmus zebrinus
Tetraloniella ogilviae

label: Height

value: perennial

published_in: Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5(1): 104


slug: blepharis-furcata

scientific: Blepharis furcata

epithet: furcata

Acanthus macer

authorship: E.Mey. ex Nees

Blepharis trispinosa

authorship: Hainz

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 50 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

published_in: Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(1): 180; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 7: 35 (1863)


slug: blepharis-ilicina

scientific: Blepharis ilicina

epithet: ilicina

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus.  19: 120 (1937)

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus. xix. 120 (1937), hybr.?

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: blepharis-inermis

scientific: Blepharis inermis

epithet: inermis

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 5(1): 28


slug: blepharis-integrifolia

scientific: Blepharis integrifolia

authorship: (L.f.) E.Mey. & Drège ex Schinz

epithet: integrifolia

published_in: Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich  60: 416 (1915)

Acanthus repens

authorship: Vahl

Blepharis clarkei

authorship: Schinz

Blepharis integrifolia var. setosa

authorship: (Nees) Oberm.

Blepharis molluginifolia

authorship: Pers.

Blepharis repens

authorship: (Vahl) Roth

Blepharis rupicola

authorship: Engl.

codes: ANG BOT BUR CPP CPV ZAI ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT MOZ NAM TVL RWA SOM SUD TAN UGA ZIM BAN IND SRL

Angola

code: ANG

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Rwanda

code: RWA

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-macra

scientific: Blepharis macra

authorship: (Nees) Vollesen

epithet: macra

published_in: Blepharis (Acanthac.) Taxon. Revis. : 122 (2000)

Acanthodium macrum

authorship: Nees

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Amegilla obscuriceps
Anagyrus qadrii
Anthidium pontis
Eurytoma crotolariae
Megachile karooensis
Mesopolobus superansi
Plesianthidium bruneipes

value: non-woody

authors: (Nees) Vollesen

published_in: Blepharis (Acanthac.) Taxon. Revis. 122 (2000):


slug: blepharis-maderaspatensis

scientific: Blepharis maderaspatensis

authorship: (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth

epithet: maderaspatensis

Blepharis abyssinica

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Blepharis boerhavifolia

authorship: Roth

name: Blepharis boerhaviifolia var. maderaspatensis

authorship: (L.) Nees

Blepharis boerhaviifolia var. micrantha

authorship: Sond.

name: Blepharis boerhaviifolia var. nigronervulosa

authorship: De Wild. & T.Durand

Blepharis breviciliata

authorship: Fiori

name: Blepharis maderaspatensis subsp. maderaspatensis

name: Blepharis maderaspatensis subsp. rubiifolia

authorship: (Schumach.) Napper

name: Blepharis maderaspatensis var. abyssinica

authorship: (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Fiori

name: Blepharis maderaspatensis var. boerhaviifolia

Blepharis procumbens

authorship: B.Heyne ex Roth

Blepharis rubiifolia

authorship: Schumach.

Blepharis teaguei

authorship: Oberm.

Blepharis togodelia

authorship: Solms ex Schweinf.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CVI CAF CHA COM ZAI DJI ERI ETH GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN NAT MDG MLW MLI MTN MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SOC SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHH SAU YEM BAN CBD IND MYA PAK SRL THA VIE WHM

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Verde

code: CVI

region: Macaronesia

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Comoros

code: COM

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Djibouti

code: DJI

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

region: East Tropical Africa

Madagascar

code: MDG

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 272 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: മുറികൂട്ടിപ്പച്ച

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-mitrata

scientific: Blepharis mitrata

epithet: mitrata

Blepharis acaulis

authorship: non Lindau

Blepharis villosa

authorship: (Nees) C.B.Clarke

codes: CPP OFS NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 193 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Stekelblaar klapperbossie

partners:
Braunsapis albipennis
Ceratina rhodura
Metaphycus troas

value: variable

value: capsule

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 5(1): 27

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-natalensis

scientific: Blepharis natalensis

epithet: natalensis

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus.  19: 115 (1937)

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

published_in: Ann. Transvaal Mus. xix. 115 (1937)

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-obmitrata

scientific: Blepharis obmitrata

epithet: obmitrata

Blepharis diversispina var. furcata

authorship: Hiern

codes: ANG BOT NAM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 165 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mountain Lashes
Mountain Thistle

partners:
Amegilla langi
Amegilla nivea
Anthophora abrochia
Encarsia telemachusi
Eurytoma caulicola
Eurytoma cynipicola
Nomia epileuca
Pseudapis usakoa

published_in: Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5(1): 101

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-procumbens

scientific: Blepharis procumbens

authorship: (L.f.) Pers.

epithet: procumbens

Acanthodium procumbens

authorship: (L.f.) Nees

Acanthus glomeratus

authorship: Lam.

Acanthus procumbens

authorship: Herb.Madr. ex Wall.

Blepharis glomerata

authorship: (Lam.) Poir.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharis-subvolubilis

scientific: Blepharis subvolubilis

epithet: subvolubilis

name: Blepharis subvolubilis var. subvolubilis

codes: BOT CPP OFS NAT LES TVL ZIM

Lesotho

code: LES

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Eye Lashes
Eyelash flower

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 5(1): 31

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: blepharizonia-laxa

scientific: Blepharizonia laxa

authorship: Greene

genus: Blepharizonia

epithet: laxa

preferred: blepharizonia

Blepharizonia plumosa var. subplumosa

authorship: (A.Gray) Jeps.

California

code: CAL

names:
Glandular Big Tarweed
big tarweed

authors: Greene

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(4): 279

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol BLLA4


slug: blepharizonia-plumosa

scientific: Blepharizonia plumosa

authorship: (Kellogg) Greene

epithet: plumosa

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 279. (1885)

preferred: big tarweed

Calycadenia plumosa

authorship: Kellogg

Hemizonia plumosa

authorship: (Kellogg) A.Gray

names:
big tarweed
big tarplant

authors: (Kellogg) Greene

published_in: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 279