slug: berzelia-abrotanoides

scientific: Berzelia abrotanoides

authorship: (L.) Brongn.

genus: Berzelia

epithet: abrotanoides

family: Bruniaceae

Berzelia brevifolia

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Brunia protea

authorship: Crantz

Cape Provinces

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Coppice Kolkol
Red-legs

names: Берцелия полынная

value: 2 m

authors: Brongn.

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 371


slug: berzelia-albiflora

scientific: Berzelia albiflora

authorship: (E.Phillips) Class.-Bockh. & E.G.H.Oliv.

epithet: albiflora

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

code: CPP

continent: AFRICA

lifeform: shrub

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1055 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
Coffeebush
Marsh Snowbush

names: Бруния белоцветковая

names: stompie vleisneeubos

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: berzelia-alopecuroides

scientific: Berzelia alopecuroides

authorship: (Thunb.) Sond.

epithet: alopecuroides

Brunia alopecuroides

authorship: Thunb.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 488 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

field: phenology

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: berzelia-arachnoidea

scientific: Berzelia arachnoidea

authorship: (J.C.Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh.

epithet: arachnoidea

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. : 138 (1835)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Eckl. & Zeyh.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 1: 138

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: berzelia-burchellii

scientific: Berzelia burchellii

authorship: Dümmer

epithet: burchellii

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Dümmer

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: berzelia-commutata

scientific: Berzelia commutata

authorship: Sond.

epithet: commutata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: 1 m

authors: Sond.

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 2: 310


slug: berzelia-cordifolia

scientific: Berzelia cordifolia

authorship: Schltdl.

epithet: cordifolia

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 111 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schltdl.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: berzelia-ecklonii

scientific: Berzelia ecklonii

authorship: Pillans

epithet: ecklonii

authors: Pillans

published_in: J. S. African Bot. 13: 197, sine descr. lat

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: berzelia-galpinii

scientific: Berzelia galpinii

epithet: galpinii

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Langeberg Kolkol
Riversdale Kolkol

published_in: J. S. African Bot. 13: 195


slug: berzelia-incurva

scientific: Berzelia incurva

epithet: incurva

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: berzelia-intermedia

scientific: Berzelia intermedia

epithet: intermedia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 601 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: Берцелия промежуточная

names: knopbos knopbossie


slug: berzelia-lanuginosa

scientific: Berzelia lanuginosa

epithet: lanuginosa

Brunia lanuginosa

authorship: L.

Brunia superba

authorship: Donn

authorship: Donn ex Willd.

Brunia tenuifolia

authorship: Willd.

Staavia comosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Colozza

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Buttonbush
Marsh Buttonbush

names: kuikentjiebos vleiknopbos

authors: (L.) Brongn.

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 372, t. 35


slug: berzelia-rubra

scientific: Berzelia rubra

epithet: rubra

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: berzelia-squarrosa

scientific: Berzelia squarrosa

epithet: squarrosa

Brunia plumosa

authorship: Lam.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 2: 312

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: berzelia-stokoei

scientific: Berzelia stokoei

authorship: (E.Phillips) A.V.Hall

epithet: stokoei

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 314 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (E.Phillips) A.V.Hall

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: beschorneria-yuccoides

scientific: Beschorneria yuccoides

genus: Beschorneria

epithet: yuccoides

family: Asparagaceae

published_in: Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 2: 337 (1859)

Beschorneria bracteata

authorship: Jacobi ex Baker

authorship: Jacobi

Beschorneria hidalgorupicola

authorship: Matuda

Beschorneria viridiflora

authorship: Baker

codes: MXC MXG MXE

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

lifeform: perennial

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

published_in: Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 2: 337

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-amabilis

scientific: Besleria amabilis

genus: Besleria

epithet: amabilis

family: Gesneriaceae

codes: CLM COS ECU HON PAN VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

climate: wet tropical

value: subshrub

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 440

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-barclayi

scientific: Besleria barclayi

epithet: barclayi

codes: CLM ECU PAN

lifeform: subshrub

published_in: Phytologia 27: 502


slug: besleria-cinnabarina

scientific: Besleria cinnabarina

authorship: Fritsch

epithet: cinnabarina

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 976 (1934)

Cremosperma cinnabarinum

authorship: (Fritsch) C.V.Morton

authors: Fritsch

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-columneoides

scientific: Besleria columneoides

authorship: Hanst.

epithet: columneoides

codes: COS NIC

Nicaragua

code: NIC

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Hylocichla mustelina
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus minimus
Catharus ustulatus
Dumetella carolinensis
Empidonax traillii
Empidonax virescens
Geothlypis formosa

authors: Hanst.


slug: besleria-fallax

scientific: Besleria fallax

authorship: C.E.González, L.E.Skog & M.Amaya

epithet: fallax

codes: CLM PAN

authors: C.E.González, L.E.Skog & M.Amaya

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-insolita

scientific: Besleria insolita

epithet: insolita

codes: BZN FRG GUY

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

published_in: Phytologia 1: 153

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-laxiflora

scientific: Besleria laxiflora

authorship: Benth.

epithet: laxiflora

Besleria chiapensis

authorship: Brandegee

Besleria debilis

authorship: Rusby

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ BZN BZE CLM COS ECU FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN SUR VEN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Guatemala

code: GUA

Suriname

code: SUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

value: nanophanerophyte

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-lutea

scientific: Besleria lutea

authorship: L.

epithet: lutea

Besleria berteriana

authorship: DC.

Besleria lutea var. alpestris

authorship: Urb.

Besleria lutea var. imrayi

authorship: (Hook.f.) Urb.

Eriphia jamaicensis

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Eriphia lutea

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Eriphia pallida

authorship: Raf.

Gesneria calycina

authorship: Sieber ex Steud.

codes: CUB HAI JAM LEE VEN WIN

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Bois gleau, Herbe à miel, Herbe à pique bâtard

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: L.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-melancholica

scientific: Besleria melancholica

authorship: (Vell.) C.V.Morton

epithet: melancholica

Besleria cuneata

authorship: Gardner

Orobanche melancholica

authorship: Vell.

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Eupetomena cirrochloris
Phaethornis ruber
Thalurania glaucopis

authors: (Vell.) C.V.Morton

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 446


slug: besleria-notabilis

scientific: Besleria notabilis

epithet: notabilis

published_in: Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 18: 1153 (1938)

codes: CLM COS NIC PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: C.V.Morton in Standl.

published_in: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1153

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-nubigena

scientific: Besleria nubigena

epithet: nubigena

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 425


slug: besleria-patrisii

scientific: Besleria patrisii

epithet: patrisii

Besleria maasii

authorship: Wiehler

codes: FRG GUY SUR

French Guiana

code: FRG

authors: DC.

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7(2): 538

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-riparia

scientific: Besleria riparia

epithet: riparia

partners:
Aglaiocercus kingii
Heliangelus exortis

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 448


slug: besleria-robusta

scientific: Besleria robusta

epithet: robusta

Nicaragua

code: NIC

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-solanoides

scientific: Besleria solanoides

authorship: Kunth

epithet: solanoides

Besleria costaricensis

authorship: (Oerst.) Hanst.

Parabesleria costaricensis

authorship: Oerst.

codes: BOL CLM COS DOM ECU HON JAM NIC PAN PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Honduras

code: HON

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Adelomyia melanogenys
Aglaiocercus coelestis
Aglaiocercus kingii
Amazilia tzacatl
Boissonneaua flavescens
Calliphlox mitchellii
Chaetocercus mulsant
Coeligena coeligena

value: 8 m

authors: Kunth

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-tambensis

scientific: Besleria tambensis

epithet: tambensis

codes: CLM COS ECU PAN

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 428


slug: besleria-triflora

scientific: Besleria triflora

epithet: triflora

codes: CLM COS PAN

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Colaptes rubiginosus
Tityra semifasciata
Turdus plebejus

partners:
Atlapetes albinucha
Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Catharus ustulatus
Chamaepetes unicolor
Chiroxiphia linearis
Chlorophonia callophrys
Chlorospingus flavopectus
Colaptes rubiginosus

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: besleria-tuberculata

scientific: Besleria tuberculata

epithet: tuberculata

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 443


slug: bessera-elegans

scientific: Bessera elegans

genus: Bessera

epithet: elegans

Bessera fistulosa

authorship: (Herb.) Pritz.

Bessera miniata

authorship: Lem.

Bessera multiflora

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Pharium elegans

authorship: (Schult.f.) Steud.

Pharium fistulosum

authorship: Herb.

Pharium herbertii

authorship: (G.Don) Steud.

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 274 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Coral Drops
Coral-drops

value: geophyte


slug: bessera-tenuiflora

scientific: Bessera tenuiflora

authorship: (Greene) J.F.Macbr.

epithet: tenuiflora

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 11 (1918)

Behria tenuiflora

authorship: Greene

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 11


slug: beta-trigyna

scientific: Beta trigyna

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

genus: Beta

epithet: trigyna

family: Chenopodiaceae

published_in: Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 34 (1800)

preferred: beet

source: wikidata

Beta cicla

authorship: Georgi

Beta cycla

authorship: Pall.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TKM TUR BUL GRC KRY YUG ROM TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 255 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
beet
Caucasian Beet

names: Свёкла трёхстолбиковая

names: Bette à trois stigmates, Betterave à trois stigmates

names: Буряк триприймочковий

partners:
Acleris literana
Acleris logiana
Acleris notana
Agriotes lineatus
Aphis fabae
Archips betulana
Argyrotaenia ljungiana
Asproparthenis punctiventris

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Jul-Aug

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: beta-vulgaris

scientific: Beta vulgaris

authorship: L.

epithet: vulgaris

preferred: common beet

Beta adenensis

authorship: Pamukç.

Beta alba

authorship: DC.

Beta altissima

authorship: Steud.

Beta atriplicifolia

authorship: Rouy

Beta bengalensis

authorship: Roxb.

Beta brasiliensis

authorship: Voss

Beta carnulosa

authorship: Gren.

Beta cicla

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Beta cicla var. argentea

authorship: Krassochkin & Burenin

Beta crispa

authorship: Tratt.

Beta decumbens

authorship: Moench

Beta esculenta

authorship: Salisb.

Beta foliosa

authorship: Ehrenb. ex Steud.

Beta hortensis

authorship: Mill.

Beta hybrida

authorship: Andrz.

Beta marina

authorship: Crantz

Beta maritima subsp. atriplicifolia

authorship: (Rouy) Burenin

Beta maritima subsp. danica

authorship: Krassochkin

Beta maritima subsp. marcosii

authorship: (O.Bolòs & Vigo) Juan & M.B.Crespo

Beta maritima subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Roth) Burenin

Beta maritima var. glabra

authorship: Delile

Beta noeana

authorship: Bunge ex Boiss.

Beta orientalis

authorship: Roth

Beta rapa

authorship: Dumort.

Beta rapacea

authorship: Hegetschw.

Beta sativa

authorship: Bernh.

Beta sulcata

authorship: Gasp.

Beta trojana

authorship: Pamukç. ex Aellen

Beta vulgaris subsp. asiatica

authorship: Krassochkin ex Burenin

Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla

authorship: (L.) W.D.J.Koch

authorship: (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens

Beta vulgaris subsp. foliosa

authorship: Asch. & Schweinf.

Beta vulgaris subsp. lomatogonoides

authorship: Aellen

Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima

authorship: (L.) Thell.

authorship: (L.) Arcang.

Beta vulgaris subsp. orientalis

authorship: (Roth) Aellen

Beta vulgaris subsp. provulgaris

authorship: Ford-Lloyd & J.T.Williams

Beta vulgaris var. altissima

authorship: Döll

Beta vulgaris var. annua

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Beta vulgaris var. asiatica

authorship: Burenin

Beta vulgaris var. atriplicifolia

authorship: (Rouy) Krassochkin

Beta vulgaris var. crassa

authorship: Alef.

Beta vulgaris var. debeauxii

authorship: Clary

Beta vulgaris var. foliosa

authorship: (Asch. & Schweinf.) Aellen

Beta vulgaris var. glabra

authorship: (Delile) Aellen

Beta vulgaris var. marcosii

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

Beta vulgaris var. maritima

authorship: (L.) Moq.

Beta vulgaris var. orientalis

authorship: (Roth) Moq.

Beta vulgaris var. pilosa

authorship: (Delile) Moq.

Beta vulgaris var. rosea

authorship: Moq.

codes: ALG AZO CNY EGY LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI GST IRN IRQ KUW LBS NCS OMA PAL SAU SIN TCS TUR YEM IND PAK ALB BAL BGM BUL COR FRA GER GRB GRC IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Egypt

code: EGY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1996 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
свёкла обыкновенная
Свекла обыкновенная

names: Буряк столовий

names: Παντζάρι Τεύτλο

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Syritta pipiens

partners:
Syritta pipiens
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Rhagonycha fulva
Sepsis thoracica

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Anthomyia illocata
Aphis fabae
Apis mellifera
Beosus maritimus
Caliothrips fasciatus
Coccinella septempunctata
Eonycteris spelaea

partners:
Mamestra brassicae
Spodoptera exigua
Trichoplusia ni
Acronicta euphorbiae
Agrotis segetum
Aphis fabae
Cicadella viridis
Cnephasia longana

partners:
Cuscuta pacifica
Erysiphe betae
Filenchus exiguus
Gabarnaudia betae
Helicotylenchus
Helicotylenchus dihystera
Heterodera schachtii
Partitiviridae

partners:
Tojo & Kakish.
Aphanomyces cochlioides
Beet mild yellowing virus
Beet yellows virus
Beet curly top virus
Beet mosaic virus
Cercospora beticola
Rhizoctonia solani


slug: bethencourtia-palmensis

scientific: Bethencourtia palmensis

authorship: (Nees) Choisy ex Link

genus: Bethencourtia

epithet: palmensis

family: Asteraceae

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 148. 1825 [post 28 May 1825]

Bethencourtia palmensis

authorship: Choisy

Canariothamnus palmensis

authorship: (C.Sm.) B.Nord.

Cineraria palmensis

authorship: (C.Sm.) Nees

Senecio palmensis

authorship: (Nees) Buch

authorship: C.Sm. ex Link

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Turgaite turgayte

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

label: Flower colour

value: yellow

value: Jun-Oct

label: Fruit type

value: achene

authors: (C.Sm.) Choisy ex Link

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 148

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: betonica-alopecuros

scientific: Betonica alopecuros

authorship: L.

genus: Betonica

epithet: alopecuros

family: Lamiaceae

Betonica alopecuros subsp. godronii

authorship: (Rouy) M.Laínz

Betonica alopecuros subsp. jacquinii

authorship: (Gren. & Godr.) O.Schwarz

Betonica alopecuros var. divulsa

authorship: (Ten.) Nyman

Betonica alopecuros var. jacquinii

authorship: (Gren. & Godr.) Nyman

Betonica alpina

authorship: Mill.

Betonica divulsa

authorship: Ten.

Betonica jacquinii

authorship: Gren. & Godr.

Betonica jacquinii subsp. albanica

authorship: Kümmerle & Jáv.

Betonica lutea

authorship: Lam.

Betonica orphanidea

authorship: Heldr. ex Boiss.

Sideritis alopecuros

authorship: (L.) Scop.

Stachys alopecuros

authorship: (L.) Benth.

Stachys alopecuros subsp. divulsa

authorship: (Ten.) Grande

Stachys alopecuros subsp. godronii

authorship: (Rouy) Merxm.

Stachys alopecuros subsp. jacquinii

authorship: (Gren. & Godr.) Vollm.

Stachys alopecuros var. genuina

authorship: Briq.

Stachys alopecuros var. godronii

authorship: Rouy

Stachys alopecuros var. typicus

authorship: Beck

Stachys godronii

authorship: (Rouy) Rouy ex Prain

Stachys jacquinii

authorship: (Gren. & Godr.) Fritsch

Stachys javorkae

authorship: Pénzes

codes: ALB AUT FRA GER GRC ITA YUG SPA SWI

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Italy

code: ITA

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1055 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Буквица лисохвостная

names: Fuchsschwanz-Ziest Gelb-Betonie

names: Bétoine queue-de-renard, Épiaire queue-de-renard

partners:
Bombus
Bombus lucorum
Amegilla salviae
Apis mellifera
Autographa gamma
Bombus bohemicus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis

partners:
Bombus rupestris
Amegilla albigena
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora aestivalis
Anthophora dispar
Anthophora furcata
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus terrestris

label: Growth habit

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous


slug: betonica-hirsuta

scientific: Betonica hirsuta

authorship: L.

epithet: hirsuta

Betonica alpestris

authorship: Jord. & Fourr.

Betonica pradica

authorship: Zanted.

Betonica rubicunda

authorship: Wender. ex Benth.

Stachys hirsuta

authorship: (L.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Stachys pradica

authorship: (Zanted.) Greuter & Pignatti

codes: AUT FRA ITA YUG SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 226 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Bétoine hirsute, Bétoine hérissée, Épiaire hérissé, Épiaire du mont Prada, Bétoine du mont Prada

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora aestivalis
Anthophora dispar
Anthophora furcata
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus terrestris
Bombus veteranus

label: Height

published_in: Mant. Pl. Altera 248

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betonica-macrantha

scientific: Betonica macrantha

epithet: macrantha

preferred: big-sage

source: usda

Betonica grandiflora

authorship: Stephan ex Willd.

Betonica rosea

authorship: Prien. ex Hornem.

Clinopodium grandiflorum

authorship: Gueldenst. ex M.Bieb.

Stachys grandiflora

authorship: (Stephan ex Willd.) Benth.

Stachys macrantha

authorship: (K.Koch) Stearn

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1054 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Big Betony
Big-Sage

names: Буквица крупноцветковая

names:
Großblütige Betonie
großblütiger Ziest

names: Bétoine à grosses fleurs, Bétoine à grandes fleurs

names: Буквиця великоквіткова

names: prydbetonie prydsvinerot

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Woodiness

label: Life cycle

value: Jun-Jul

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol STMA12

license: public domain

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: betonica-officinalis

scientific: Betonica officinalis

epithet: officinalis

preferred: Betony

english:
Betony
common hedgenettle

Betonica affinis

authorship: Wender.

Betonica algeriensis

authorship: de Noé

Betonica alpigena

authorship: Schur

Betonica bjelorussica

authorship: Kossko ex Klokov

Betonica brachydonta

authorship: Klokov

Betonica cernagorae

authorship: Beck & Szyszył.

authorship: (Beck & Szyszył.) Wettst.

Betonica clementei

authorship: Pérez Lara

Betonica danica

authorship: Mill.

Betonica glabriflora

authorship: Borbás

Betonica haussknechtii

authorship: (Nyman) Uechtr. ex Hausskn.

Betonica hirta

authorship: Leyss.

Betonica legitima

authorship: Link

Betonica monnieri

authorship: Gouan

Betonica montana

authorship: Lej.

Betonica nutans

authorship: Kit. ex Schult.

Betonica officinalis f. laxata

authorship: (Jord. & Fourr.) Pérard

Betonica officinalis subsp. alpigena

authorship: (Schur) Nyman

Betonica officinalis subsp. peredae

authorship: (M.Laínz) Carlón, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor., Rodr.Berd. & Ó.Sánchez

Betonica officinalis subsp. stricta

authorship: Arcang.

Betonica officinalis subvar. laxata

authorship: (Jord. & Fourr.) Nyman

Betonica officinalis var. bifida

authorship: Klett & Richt.

Betonica officinalis var. hirta

authorship: (W.D.J.Koch) K.Koch

Betonica officinalis var. incana

authorship: Lej. & Courtois

Betonica officinalis var. montana

authorship: Gaudin

Betonica officinalis var. subulata

authorship: Porta

Betonica officinalis var. velebitica

authorship: (A.Kern.) Bjelcic

Betonica purpurea

authorship: Gilib.

authorship: Bubani

Betonica recurvidens

authorship: Peterm.

Betonica serotina

authorship: Host

Betonica stricta

authorship: Aiton

Betonica vulgaris

authorship: Rota

Stachys algeriensis

authorship: (de Noé) Rothm.

Stachys betonica

authorship: Benth.

Stachys danica

authorship: (Mill.) Schinz & Thell.

Stachys glabriflora

authorship: (Borbás) Rossi

Stachys haussknechtii

authorship: (Nyman) Hayek

Stachys monieri

authorship: (Gouan) P.W.Ball

Stachys officinalis

authorship: (L.) Trevis.

Stachys officinalis f. stricta

authorship: (Sol.) Boza & Vasic

Stachys officinalis lus. peloria

authorship: Druce

Stachys officinalis subsp. algeriensis

authorship: (de Noé) Franco

Stachys officinalis subsp. balcanica

authorship: (P.W.Ball) R.Bhattacharjee

name: Stachys officinalis subsp. haussknechtii

authorship: (Nyman) Greuter & Burdet

Stachys officinalis subsp. serotina

authorship: (Host) Hayek

Stachys officinalis subsp. skipetarum

authorship: Jáv.

Stachys officinalis subsp. velebitica

authorship: (A.Kern.) Hayek

Stachys officinalis var. algeriensis

authorship: (de Noé) Cout.

Stachys officinalis var. montana

authorship: (Lej.) Dumort.

Stachys officinalis var. tangerina

authorship: Pau

Stachys serotina

authorship: (Host) Fritsch

Stachys stricta

authorship: (Sol.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Stachys velebitica

authorship: (A.Kern.) Fritsch

codes: ALG MOR TUN ALT NCS TCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUW POL POR ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betaine

activities: Abortifacient Antigastritic Antihomocystinuric Antimyoatrophic Bruchiphobe Cardioprotective Diuretic Emmenagogue

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Apigenin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor AntiADD AntiHIV Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiaging Antiallergic Antiangiogenic

Rosmarinic-acid

activities: ABeta-Inhibitor Adenylate-Cyclase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiHIV Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antianaphylactic

Chlorogenic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiatherosclerotic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: Буквица лекарственная

names:
Echte Betonie
Gewöhnliche Betonie (Unterart)

names:
Bétoine officinale, Épiaire officinal
Epiaire officinale

names: سنبلهای آفیسینالیس

names: Буквиця лікарська

partners:
Bombus
Aglais urticae
Andrena nitida
Anthidium manicatum
Aphantopus hyperantus
Apis mellifera
Bombus argillaceus
Bombus bohemicus

partners:
Gonepteryx rhamni
Thymelicus sylvestris
Bombus
Fabriciana adippe
Pieris brassicae
Pieris napi
Pieris rapae
Aglais urticae

partners:
Anthidium manicatum
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus californicus
Bombus flavifrons
Euryphara cantans
Gonepteryx rhamni
Ochlodes venata faunus

partners:
Emelyanoviana mollicula
Anthidium manicatum
Bombus auricomus
Eupteryx lelievrei
Ochlodes venata faunus
Pachyprotasis rapae
Pieris brassicae
Puccinia betonicae


slug: betula-alleghaniensis

scientific: Betula alleghaniensis

authorship: Britton

genus: Betula

epithet: alleghaniensis

family: Betulaceae

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 166 (1904)

preferred: yellow birch

english:
yellow birch
Gray birch
Silver birch
Swamp birch
Yellow Birch
Yellow birch

source: inat

Betula alleghaniensis f. macrolepis

authorship: (Fernald) Brayshaw

Betula alleghaniensis var. fallax

authorship: (Fassett) Brayshaw

Betula excelsa

authorship: Pursh

Betula lenta var. lutea

authorship: Regel

Betula lutea f. fallax

authorship: Fassett

Betula lutea f. macrolepis

authorship: (Fernald) Fernald

Betula lutea var. alleghaniensis

authorship: (Britton) Rehder

Betula lutea var. macrolepis

authorship: Fernald

Betula lutea var. persicifolia

authorship: Dippel

codes: ALA CNT GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1991 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

names: Берёза аллеганская

partners:
Fomes fomentarius
Platycotis vittatus
Sarcomyxa serotina
Sphyrapicus varius

partners:
Acleris logiana
Acrobasis betulella
Acronicta innotata
Actias luna
Agrilus anxius
Alebra thoracica
Anavitrinella pampinaria
Anisota virginiensis

partners:
Agrilus anxius
Chrysobothris sexsignata
Inonotus obliquus

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

value: Flowering: April-May, beginning before leafing; fruiting: July-August

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-alnoides

scientific: Betula alnoides

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

epithet: alnoides

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 58 (1825)

preferred: Himalayan Birch

english:
Himalayan Birch
Himalayan birch
Indian Birch
Indian birch

Betula acuminata

authorship: Wall.

Betula affinis

authorship: (Spach) Endl.

Betula alnoides var. acuminata

authorship: (Spach) H.J.P.Winkl.

Betula cylindrostachya var. pilosa

authorship: (Regel) Regel

Betula nitida var. affinis

authorship: (Spach) Regel

Betulaster acuminata

authorship: Spach

Betulaster nitida

authorship: (D.Don) Spach

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: CHC CHS CHH ASS BAN EHM LAO MYA NEP THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: tree

names:
Himalayan birch
Indian birch

names:
西桦
xi hua

names: Kath-bhuj Saur

names: กำลังเสือโคร่ง

partners:
Actias selene
Antheraea roylii

value: tree

value: woody

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-cordifolia

scientific: Betula cordifolia

epithet: cordifolia

published_in: Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 86 (1861)

preferred: Hearleaf Birch

english:
Hearleaf Birch
Mountain White Birch
Speckled Birch

Betula alba var. cordifolia

authorship: (Regel) Fernald

Betula papyracea var. cordifolia

authorship: (Regel) Dippel

Betula papyrifera f. cordifolia

authorship: (Regel) C.K.Schneid.

Betula papyrifera subsp. cordifolia

authorship: (Regel) A.E.Murray

codes: LAB MAI MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWY NFL NCA NSC ONT PEN PEI QUE SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

lifeform: shrub or tree

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 786 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hearleaf Birch
Mountain White Birch

names:
bouleau blanc
bouleau à feuilles cordées

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

published_in: Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13: 86

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-costata

scientific: Betula costata

authorship: Trautv.

epithet: costata

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 253 (1859)

Betula ermanii f. costata

authorship: (Trautv.) Regel

codes: CHN CHI KOR CHM PRM

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

names:
Korean birch
ribbed birch

names: 硕桦 风桦

names:
Береза ребристая
Берёза ребристая

names: chosen-minebari チョウセンミネバリ

names: Geojesunamu 거제수나무

names:
kiitsiline kask
roideline kask

label: Eaten by

partners:
Alnetoidia sapporensis
Eurhadina betularia
Punctigerella betulae

source: GIFT

value: 2 m

value: May

value: nucule

source: Wikidata

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Trautv.

published_in: Prim. Fl. Amur. 253

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-davurica

scientific: Betula davurica

authorship: Pall.

epithet: davurica

Betula dahurica var. angustifolia

authorship: Shirai

Betula davurica f. oblongifolia

authorship: (Liou) S.L.Tung

Betula davurica var. maximowiczii

authorship: (Rupr.) Trautv.

Betula davurica var. oblongifolia

authorship: Liou

Betula davurica var. typica

authorship: Regel

Betula maackii

authorship: Rupr.

Betula wutaica

authorship: Mayr

codes: AMU CHN CTA CHI JAP KHA KOR KUR CHM MON PRM

Amur

code: AMU

Chita

code: CTA

region: Siberia

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 393 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Asian black birch
Dahurian Birch

names:
hei hua
八重皮樺

names: Берёза даурская

names: ko-ono-ore-kanba yaegawa-kanba

partners:
Alnetoidia sapporensis
Eurhadina betularia
Oncopsis caliginosa
Oncopsis sepulcralis
Oncopsis wagneri
Punctigerella betulae

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: Apr-May

authors: Pall.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-ermanii

scientific: Betula ermanii

authorship: Cham.

epithet: ermanii

preferred: Erman's Birch

english:
Erman's Birch
Stone Birch

Betula ermanii f. brachystachys

authorship: Popov

Betula ermanii f. corticosa

authorship: (Nakai) Sugim.

Betula ermanii f. ganjuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) T.Shimizu

Betula ermanii f. nipponica

authorship: (Maxim.) Koidz.

Betula ermanii subsp. lanata

authorship: (Regel) A.K.Skvortsov

Betula ermanii var. communis

authorship: Koidz.

Betula ermanii var. corticosa

authorship: Nakai

Betula ermanii var. ganjuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) Nakai

Betula ermanii var. japonica

authorship: (Shirai) Koidz.

Betula ermanii var. nipponica

authorship: Maxim.

Betula ermanii var. saitoana

authorship: (Nakai) Hatus.

Betula ermanii var. yingkiliensis

authorship: S.L.Liou & Wang

Betula incisa

authorship: (Koidz.) Koidz.

authorship: Koidz. ex Komat.

Betula ircutensis

authorship: Sukaczev

Betula komarovii

authorship: Perfil. & Kolesn.

Betula lanata

authorship: (Regel) V.N.Vassil.

Betula longilobata

authorship: Sipliv.

Betula prochorowi

authorship: Kuzen. & Litv.

Betula vassiljevii

authorship: Dylis

Betula vulcani

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

codes: AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KUR MAG CHM PRM SAK YAK

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Magadan

code: MAG

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 689 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

names:
Берёза Эрмана
Берёза каменная

partners:
Nymphalis antiopa
Aguriahana quercus
Alnetoidia lutescens
Alnetoidia sapporensis
Biston betularia
Eurhadina betularia
Geometra papilionaria
Milisipepsis takizawai

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-fruticosa

scientific: Betula fruticosa

authorship: Pall.

epithet: fruticosa

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 758 (1776)

preferred: Japanese bog birch

Betula adasii

authorship: T.V.Egorova & Sipliv.

Betula baicalensis f. obscura

authorship: Popov

Betula divaricata

authorship: Ledeb.

Betula evenkiensis

authorship: Polozhij

Betula fruticosa

authorship: Willd.

Betula fruticosa subsp. fusca

authorship: (Pall. ex Georgi) M.Schemberg

Betula fruticosa subsp. ruprechtiana

authorship: (Trautv.) Kitag.

Betula fruticosa var. fusenensis

authorship: (Nakai) Liou

Betula fruticosa var. ovalifolia

authorship: (Rupr.) S.L.Tung

Betula fruticosa var. paishanensis

authorship: (Nakai) S.L.Tung

Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana

authorship: Trautv.

Betula fusca

authorship: Pall. ex Georgi

Betula gmelinii var. zyzyphifolia

authorship: (Z.Wang & S.L.Tung) G.H.Liu & E.W.Ma

Betula henriettae

authorship: Sukaczev & V.N.Vassil.

Betula humilis f. reticulata

authorship: (Rupr.) Regel

Betula humilis var. kamtschatica

authorship: Regel

Betula humilis var. tatewakiana

authorship: (M.Ohki & S.Watan.) Murata

Betula middendorffii

authorship: Trautv. & C.A.Mey.

Betula middendorffii var. communis

authorship: Trautv. ex Regel

Betula ovalifolia

authorship: Rupr.

Betula rotundifolia

authorship: Regel & Tiling

Betula tatewakiana

authorship: M.Ohki & S.Watan.

Betula turfosa

authorship: Weigel ex Rchb.

Betula yoshimurae

authorship: Miyabe & Tatew.

Betula zyzyphifolia

authorship: Z.Wang & S.L.Tung

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KRA MAG CHM MON PRM SAK YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 294 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

published_in: Fl. Ross. (Pallas) 1(1), 62, t. 40, fig. A. B. C


slug: betula-glandulosa

scientific: Betula glandulosa

authorship: Michx.

epithet: glandulosa

preferred: American dwarf birch

english:
American dwarf birch
Bog birch
Dwarf birch
Glandular birch
Glandular shrub birch
Resin birch
Scrub birch
Tundra dwarf birch
bog birch
dwarf birch
resin birch
shrub birch

Betula abolinii

authorship: Sukaczev

Betula glandulosa f. typica

authorship: Kurtz

Betula glandulosa var. eucycla

authorship: Lepage

Betula glandulosa var. flabellifolia

authorship: Rosenv.

Betula glandulosa var. pseudoalpestris

authorship: Björnstr.

Betula glandulosa var. rotundifolia

authorship: (Spach) Regel

Betula glandulosa var. sibirica

authorship: (Ledeb.) C.K.Schneid.

Betula nana subsp. exilis

authorship: (Sukaczev) Hultén

Betula nana subsp. perfiljevii

authorship: (V.N.Vassil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Betula nana subsp. rotundifolia

authorship: (Spach) Malyschev

Betula nana var. sibirica

authorship: Ledeb.

Betula rotundifolia

authorship: Spach

Betula sessilis

authorship: Kom.

Betula sibirica

authorship: (Ledeb.) C.Pei

Chamaebetula glandulosa

authorship: (Michx.) Opiz

Chamaebetula hookeri

authorship: Opiz

Chamaebetula rotundifolia

authorship: (Spach) Opiz

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA IRK KAM KHA KRA KUR MAG MON PRM SAK WSB YAK ASK ABT BRC CAL COL GNL IDA LAB MAI MAN MNT NBR NWH NWM NWY NFL NWT NSC ONT ORE PEI QUE SAS SDA UTA WAS WYO YUK

West Siberia

code: WSB

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Greenland

code: GNL

Idaho

code: IDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1305 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Береза железистая

partners:
Altica subcostata
Chrysomela lapponica
Empoa spinosa
Idiocerus taiga
Idiocerus xanthiops
Lagopus lagopus
Lagopus leucura
Lepus americanus

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-grossa

scientific: Betula grossa

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: grossa

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Sächs. Ges. Wiss. 4(3): 228 (1846)

preferred: Japanese Cherry Birch

Betula alba var. communis

authorship: Shirai

Betula bhojpattra var. subcordata

authorship: Regel

Betula ermanii var. subcordata

authorship: (Regel) Koidz.

Betula lenta var. grossa

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Regel

Betula sollennis

authorship: Koidz.

Betula ulmifolia var. subcordata

authorship: (Regel) H.J.P.Winkl.

Japan

code: JAP

label: Least Concern

names: Берёза граболистная

names: Azusa Mizume

authors: Siebold & Zucc.

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 228

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: betula-humilis

scientific: Betula humilis

authorship: Schrank

epithet: humilis

preferred: Shrubby Birch

source: wikidata

Betula extremiorientalis

authorship: Kuzen. & V.N.Vassil.

Betula fruticans

authorship: Pall.

name: Betula fruticosa subsp. extremiorientalis

authorship: (Kuzen. & V.N.Vassil.) Vorosch.

Betula humilis f. calcarata

authorship: Perfil.

Betula humilis var. oycowiensis

authorship: Nyman

Betula myrsinoides

authorship: Tausch

Betula oycowiensis

authorship: Rchb.

Betula palustris

authorship: Rupr.

Betula sibirica

authorship: Lodd. ex Regel

Betula socolowii

authorship: J.Jacq. ex Regel

Chamaebetula humilis

authorship: (Schrank) Opiz

codes: BRY IRK KAZ KRA MON WSB CHX AUT BLT BLR RUC RUE GER RUN RUW POL ROM RUS SWI UKR

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Mongolia

code: MON

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

East European Russia

code: RUE

Germany

code: GER

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

region: Southeastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 418 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Береза низька


slug: betula-intermedia

scientific: Betula intermedia

authorship: (Hartm.) E.Thomas ex Gaudin

epithet: intermedia

Betula alba var. intermedia

authorship: (Hartm.) Wahlenb.

Betula alpestris

authorship: Fr.

Betula alpestris var. communis

authorship: Regel

Betula alpestris var. cuneifolia

authorship: Kindb.

Betula alpestris var. rhombifolia

authorship: Larss. ex Kindb.

Betula alpestris var. sukatschewii

authorship: (Soczava) Govaerts

Betula glutinosa var. pseudoalpestris

authorship: Björnstr.

Betula harcynica

authorship: Wender.

Betula humilis

authorship: Fr. ex Regel

Betula humilis var. watsonii

authorship: Spach

Betula hybrida

authorship: Bechst.

Betula intermedia subsp. seideliana

authorship: (Missbach) P.A.Schmidt

Betula intermedia var. alpestris

authorship: (Fr.) H.J.P.Winkl. ex C.K.Schneid.

Betula lagopina

authorship: Hartm. ex Regel

Betula nana var. alpestris

authorship: (Fr.) Regel

Betula nana var. intermedia

authorship: Hartm.

Betula odorata var. alpestris

authorship: (Fr.) Rosenv.

Betula seideliana

authorship: Missbach

Betula sukatschewii

authorship: Soczava

codes: WSB CZE FIN GRB ICE RUN NOR SWE SWI GNL

West Siberia

code: WSB

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

Great Britain

code: GRB

Iceland

code: ICE

Norway

code: NOR

Sweden

code: SWE

Greenland

code: GNL

authors: (Hartm.) E.Thomas ex Gaudin

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: betula-lenta

scientific: Betula lenta

authorship: L.

epithet: lenta

preferred: sweet birch

english:
sweet birch
Black birch
Cherry birch
Mahogany birch
Round-leaf Birch
Spice birch
Sweet birch
black birch
cherry birch
mahogany birch
red birch

Betula carpinifolia

authorship: Ehrh.

Betula excelsa

authorship: Hook.

Betula humilis

authorship: Marshall

Betula lenta f. laciniata

authorship: Rehder

Betula lenta subsp. uber

authorship: (Ashe) A.E.Murray

Betula lenta var. genuina

authorship: Regel

Betula lenta var. humilis

authorship: (Marshall) Castigl.

Betula lenta var. persicifolia

authorship: Dippel

Betula lenta var. uber

authorship: Ashe

Betula uber

authorship: (Ashe) Fernald

codes: ALA CNT GEO KTY MAI MRY MAS MSI NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Methyl-salicylate

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anaphrodisiac Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antipyretic Antiradicular Antirheumatalgic

Salicylates

activities: Antiaggregant Antiinflammatory Antipyretic Antiuricosuric Hyperglycemic Hypoglycemic Uricosuric

Salicylic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Antiarthritic Antibacterial Antidandruff Antidermatotic Antieczemic Antiichthyosic

names:
black birch
cherry birch

names:
bouleau
bouleau flexible

partners:
Stigmella betulicola
Abdera affinis
Abdera flexuosa
Acanthis flammea
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale
Achlya flavicornis
Acleris emargana
Acleris logiana

partners:
Actenodes acornis
Agrilus anxius
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Dicerca divaricata


slug: betula-maximowicziana

scientific: Betula maximowicziana

epithet: maximowicziana

preferred: Monarch Birch

english:
Monarch Birch
monarch birch

Betula candelae

authorship: Koidz.

codes: JAP KUR

Japan

code: JAP

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

names:
monarch birch
Maximowicz's Birch

names: 日本桦木 帝王樺

names: Берёза Максимовича

names: Saihada-Kamba Udai-Kamba

partners:
Enderleinellus pratti
Erannis golda
Hoplopleura meridionidis
Nymphalis antiopa
Polygonia vaualbum
Scionomia mendica

value: perennial

authors: Regel


slug: betula-michauxii

scientific: Betula michauxii

authorship: Spach

epithet: michauxii

preferred: Michaux's dwarf birch

english:
Michaux's dwarf birch
Newfoundland dwarf birch

Apterocaryon michauxii

authorship: (Spach) Opiz

Betula nana var. michauxii

authorship: (Spach) Regel

Betula terrae-novae

authorship: Fernald

codes: LAB NFL NSC QUE

Labrador

code: LAB

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Québec

code: QUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Alces americanus
Lepus arcticus
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Rangifer tarandus

value: shrub

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Spach

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 15: 195


slug: betula-microphylla

scientific: Betula microphylla

authorship: Bunge

epithet: microphylla

published_in: Verz. Altai Pfl. : 112 (1835)

Betula baranovii

authorship: Sukaczev

Betula halophila

authorship: Ching ex P.C.Li

Betula microphylla var. rezniczenkoana

authorship: Litv.

Betula microphylla var. tumantica

authorship: Chang Y.Yang & J.Wang

Betula rezniczenkoana

authorship: (Litv.) Schischk.

name: Betula rezniczenkoana var. obiquesquamata

codes: ALT BRY KAZ KGZ KRA MON TVA UZB CHX

Altay

code: ALT

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

Tuva

code: TVA

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

names: 小叶桦 亮叶桦叶

names: Берёза мелколистная

value: 6 m

value: Apr

authors: Bunge

published_in: Vers. Suppl. Fl. Alt. 112; in Mem. Acad. Petersb. (1835) 506


slug: betula-nana

scientific: Betula nana

authorship: L.

epithet: nana

preferred: Arctic dwarf birch

english:
Arctic dwarf birch
Bog birch
Dwarf Birch
Scrub birch
Swamp birch
dwarf birch

Alnus nana

authorship: (L.) Clairv.

Betula alba subsp. nana

authorship: (L.) Bonnier & Layens

Betula crenata

authorship: Rydb. ex E.J.Butler

Betula glandulosa f. intermedia

authorship: Kurtz

Betula littelliana

authorship: Tucker

Betula nana f. magnifolia

authorship: Hartz

Betula nana f. reducta

authorship: (Hultén) B.Boivin

Betula nana subsp. relicta

authorship: (Th.Fr. ex Gürke) Nyman

Betula nana subsp. tundrarum

authorship: (Perfil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Betula nana var. europaea

authorship: Ledeb.

Betula nana var. flabellifolia

authorship: Hook.

Betula nana var. macrophylla

authorship: Gaudin

authorship: Kindb.

Betula nana var. reducta

authorship: Hultén

Betula nana var. relicta

authorship: Th.Fr. ex Gürke

Betula nanaeformis

authorship: Lindb. ex Kindb.

Betula tundrarum

authorship: Perfil.

Chamaebetula acutifolia

authorship: Opiz

Chamaebetula nana

authorship: (L.) Opiz

codes: ALT IRK KRA WSB AUT BLT BLR RUC CZE RUE FIN FRA GER GRB ICE RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SVA SWE SWI GNL NWT

Irkutsk

code: IRK

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Iceland

code: ICE

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Svalbard

code: SVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1961 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Берёза карликовая

partners:
Kybos lindbergi
Agrilus betuleti
Agrilus paludicola
Agrochola helvola
Colladonus torneella
Entephria caesiata
Eriogaster arbusculae
Eulithis populata

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-nigra

scientific: Betula nigra

authorship: L.

epithet: nigra

preferred: river birch

english:
river birch
Black Birch
Black birch
Red Birch
Red birch
River Birch
River birch
Water Birch
Water birch

Betula americana

authorship: Buc'hoz

Betula lanulosa

authorship: Michx.

Betula nigra unranked pendula

authorship: Paul

Betula nigra var. parvifolia

authorship: Regel

Betula rupestris

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MIN MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2057 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Берёза чёрная

partners:
Agelaius phoeniceus
Baeolophus bicolor
Cardinalis cardinalis
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Cyanocitta cristata
Dryobates pubescens
Haemorhous mexicanus
Leuconotopicus villosus

partners:
Antheraea polyphemus
Baeolophus bicolor
Betulapion simile
Bibio albipennis
Calaphis betulella
Calaphis neobetulella
Ceratomia amyntor
Chalcosyrphus libo

partners:
Acrobasis betulivorella
Agrilus betulanigrae
Agrilus pensus
Altica subcostata
Amphipyra pyramidoides
Datana
Datana ministra
Empoasca fabae

quote: River birch is a deciduous medium to large-sized native tree.

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-occidentalis

scientific: Betula occidentalis

epithet: occidentalis

preferred: Black birch

english:
Black birch
Mountain birch
Red birch
River birch
Water birch
Western birch
water birch

Betula alba f. occidentalis

authorship: (Hook.) Fernald

Betula alba subsp. occidentalis

authorship: (Hook.) Regel

Betula fontinalis

authorship: Sarg.

Betula fontinalis f. inopina

authorship: Jeps.

Betula fontinalis var. inopina

authorship: (Jeps.) Jeps.

Betula microphylla var. fontinalis

authorship: (Sarg.) M.E.Jones

Betula microphylla var. occidentalis

authorship: (Hook.) M.E.Jones

Betula occidentalis subsp. inopina

authorship: (Jeps.) A.E.Murray

Betula occidentalis var. inopina

authorship: (Jeps.) C.L.Hitchc.

Betula papyracea var. occidentalis

authorship: (Hook.) Dippel

Betula papyrifera subsp. occidentalis

authorship: (Hook.) Hultén

Betula papyrifera var. occidentalis

authorship: (Hook.) Sarg.

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MAN MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA NWT ONT ORE SAS SDA UTA WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Manitoba

code: MAN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Ontario

code: ONT

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Берёза западная

partners:
Oncopsis citra
Altica subcostata
Coleophora pruniella
Empoa gillettei
Empoa oregonensis
Empoa scripta
Epinotia trigonella
Eupithecia perfusca

quote: Water birch (Betula occidentalis) is a small native tree or shrub

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-papyrifera

scientific: Betula papyrifera

authorship: Marshall

epithet: papyrifera

preferred: paper birch

english:
paper birch
Canoe birch
Paper birch
Silver birch
White birch

Betula alba subsp. excelsa

authorship: (Aiton) Regel

Betula alba subsp. latifolia

authorship: (Tausch) Regel

Betula alba subsp. papyrifera

authorship: (Marshall) Regel

Betula alba var. elobata

authorship: Fernald

Betula alba var. papyrifera

authorship: (Marshall) Spach

Betula excelsa

authorship: Aiton

authorship: L. ex B.D.Jacks.

Betula grandis

authorship: Schrad.

Betula kamtschatica var. kenaica

authorship: (W.H.Evans) C.-A.Jansson

Betula latifolia

authorship: Tausch

Betula lenta var. papyrifera

authorship: (Marshall) Castigl.

Betula lyalliana

authorship: (Koehne ex Schelle) Bean

Betula montanensis

authorship: Rydb. ex B.T.Butler

Betula neoalaskana var. kenaica

authorship: (W.H.Evans) B.Boivin

Betula papyracea var. communis

authorship: Schelle

Betula papyracea var. grandis

authorship: (Schrad.) Schelle

Betula papyrifera f. coriacea

authorship: Fernald & Wiegand

Betula papyrifera f. elobata

authorship: (Fernald) B.Boivin

Betula papyrifera subsp. commutata

authorship: (Regel) A.E.Murray

Betula papyrifera subsp. kenaica

authorship: (W.H.Evans) A.E.Murray

Betula papyrifera subsp. subcordata

authorship: (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) A.E.Murray

Betula papyrifera var. andrewsii

authorship: Daniels

Betula papyrifera var. communis

authorship: Regel ex Schelle

Betula papyrifera var. commutata

authorship: (Regel) Fernald

Betula papyrifera var. elobata

authorship: (Fernald) Sarg.

Betula papyrifera var. kenaica

authorship: (W.H.Evans) A.Henry

Betula papyrifera var. lyalliana

authorship: Koehne ex Schelle

Betula papyrifera var. montanensis

authorship: (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) Sarg.

Betula papyrifera var. recessa

authorship: Lepage

codes: ASK ABT BRC COL CNT IDA ILL INI IOW LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SDA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Берёза бумажная

partners:
Coleophora serratella
Elasmostethus cruciatus
Elasmucha lateralis
Hyphantria cunea
Platycotis vittatus
Polygonia faunus
Sphyrapicus varius

partners:
Hyalophora cecropia
Acleris logiana
Acrobasis betulella
Acronicta dactylina
Acronicta grisea
Acronicta impleta
Acronicta impressa
Acronicta lepusculina

quote: deciduous small to medium sized native tree

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: betula-pendula

scientific: Betula pendula

authorship: Roth

epithet: pendula

preferred: silver birch

english:
silver birch
Common Birch
Silver Birch
European white birch

Betula aetnensis

authorship: Raf. ex J.Presl & C.Presl

Betula ajanensis

authorship: Kom.

Betula alaskana

authorship: Sarg.

Betula alba f. dalecarlica

authorship: (L.f.) Regel

Betula alba f. laciniata

authorship: (Hartm.) Dippel

Betula alba f. lobata

authorship: Regel

Betula alba f. verrucosa

authorship: (Ehrh.) Regel

Betula alba lus. microphylla

authorship: (Hartm.) Regel

Betula alba lus. pendula

authorship: (Roth) Regel

name: Betula alba unranked foliis-atropurpureis

authorship: Van Geert

Betula alba unranked laciniata

authorship: (Hartm.) de Vos

Betula alba var. aetherea

authorship: Wallr.

Betula alba var. arbuscula

authorship: Fr.

Betula alba var. atropurpurea

authorship: Dippel

Betula alba var. bircalensis

authorship: (Mela) Mela

Betula alba var. carelica

authorship: Merckl.

Betula alba var. fastigiata

authorship: Clemenc.

Betula alba var. fontqueri

authorship: (Rothm.) Maire & Weiller

Betula alba var. globosa

authorship: Gray

Betula alba var. japonica

authorship: Miq.

Betula alba var. laciniata

authorship: Hartm.

Betula alba var. macrocarpa

authorship: Willd.

Betula alba var. mandshurica

authorship: (Regel) Franch.

Betula alba var. microphylla

authorship: Wimm.

Betula alba var. oycowiensis

authorship: (Besser) Regel

Betula alba var. pendula

authorship: (Roth) W.T.Aiton

authorship: (Roth) St.-Lag.

Betula alba var. saxatilis

authorship: Lilj.

Betula alba var. verrucosa

authorship: (Ehrh.) Mérat

authorship: (Ehrh.) Wallr.

Betula alba var. vulgaris

authorship: Spach

Betula austrosichotensis

authorship: V.N.Vassil. & V.I.Baranov

Betula cajanderi

authorship: Sukaczev

Betula cajanderi f. fruticans

authorship: Kozhevn.

Betula carpatica var. sudetica

authorship: Rchb.

Betula coriacea

authorship: Pamp.

Betula cycoviensis

authorship: Steud.

Betula etnensis

authorship: Raf.

Betula fontqueri

authorship: Rothm.

Betula fontqueri subsp. parvibracteata

authorship: (Peinado, G.Moreno & A.Velasco) Rivas Mart. & Ladero

Betula grandifolia

authorship: Litv.

Betula grandifolia var. pubescens

authorship: Kuzen.

Betula gummifera

authorship: Bertol.

Betula hybrida

authorship: Blom

Betula japonica

authorship: (Miq.) Siebold ex H.J.P.Winkl.

Betula japonica var. camtschatica

authorship: (Regel) H.J.P.Winkl.

Betula japonica var. rockii

authorship: Rehder

Betula japonica var. sachalinensis

authorship: Koidz.

Betula kamtschatica

authorship: (Regel) C.-A.Jansson

Betula kenaica var. japonica

authorship: (Miq.) Lindq.

Betula kotulae

authorship: Zaver.

Betula laciniata

authorship: (Hartm.) Rchb.

Betula latifolia var. cuneifolia

authorship: Nakai

Betula latifolia var. kamtschatica

authorship: (Regel) Makino & Nemoto

Betula latifolia var. mandshurica

authorship: (Regel) Nakai

Betula latifolia var. pluricostata

authorship: (H.J.P.Winkl.) Makino & Nemoto

Betula lobulata

authorship: Kit.

Betula mandshurica var. japonica

authorship: (Miq.) Rehder

Betula mandshurica var. kamtschatica

authorship: (Regel) Rehder

Betula mandshurica var. rockii

authorship: (Rehder) Rehder

Betula mandshurica var. szechuanica

authorship: (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder

Betula microlepis var. moldavica

authorship: Osadchii

Betula obscura

authorship: Kotula ex Fiek

Betula odorata var. sudetica

authorship: (Rchb.) P.D.Sell

Betula oxycoviensis

authorship: Besser

Betula oxycoviensis var. majuscula

authorship: Kindb.

Betula pendula var. parvibracteata

authorship: (Peinado, G.Moreno & A.Velasco) G.Moreno & Peinado

name: Betula platyphylla var. phellodendroides

codes: MOR ALT AMU BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAM KAZ KGZ KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PRM CHQ SAK CHT TCS TVA TUR UZB WSB YAK ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT BRC MAN NWT ONT SAS YUK AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2012 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Берёза бородавчатая
Берёза повислая

names:
Береза бородавчаста
Береза повисла

partners:
Acronicta leporina
Acronicta psi
Acronicta rumicis
Adalia decempunctata
Agromyza alnibetulae
Betulapion simile
Cabera pusaria
Callipterinella tuberculata

partners:
Lymantria dispar
Edwardsiana flavescens
Kybos calyculus
Kybos lindbergi
Orientus ishidae
Platymetopius guttatus
Acanthis flammea
Acleris literana

partners:
Melampsoridium betulinum
Coprinellus disseminatus
Diatrype stigma
Erysiphe ornata var. europaea
Fomes fomentarius
Fomitopsis betulina
Fomitopsis pinicola
Fusiformiascus favaceus

partners:
Birch carlavirus
Ceratocystis piceae
Ceratocystis pilifera
Chondrostereum purpureum
Ophiostoma denticiliatum
Phyllactinia guttata
Taphrina betulina


slug: betula-populifolia

scientific: Betula populifolia

authorship: Marshall

epithet: populifolia

preferred: gray birch

english:
gray birch
Fire birch
Gray birch
Old field birch
White birch
Wire birch

Betula acuminata

authorship: Ehrh.

Betula alba subsp. populifolia

authorship: (Marshall) Regel

Betula alba var. populifolia

authorship: (Marshall) Spach

Betula cuspidata

authorship: Schrad. ex Regel

Betula excelsa var. canadensis

authorship: Wangenh.

Betula lenta var. populifolia

authorship: (Marshall) Castigl.

Betula populifolia f. incisifolia

authorship: Fernald

Betula populifolia f. laciniata

authorship: (Loudon)

Betula populifolia f. pendula

authorship: (Loudon) H.J.P.Winkl.

Betula populifolia f. purpurea

authorship: (Ellw. & P.Barry) C.K.Schneid.

Betula populifolia unranked purpurea

authorship: Ellw. & P.Barry

Betula populifolia var. laciniata

authorship: Loudon

Betula populifolia var. purpurea

authorship: (Ellw. & P.Barry) Rehder

codes: CNT DEL ILL INI MAI MRY MAS NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA VER VRG

Delaware

code: DEL

Maryland

code: MRY

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bouleau a feuilles de peuplier
Bouleau gris

partners:
Anatis mali
Photinus corruscus
Sphyrapicus varius

partners:
Clastoptera obtusa
Oncopsis citra
Ribautiana unca
Zonocyba hockingensis
Acrobasis betulella
Acronicta americana
Acronicta dactylina
Actias luna

partners:
Coccophagus bivittatus
Coccophagus isipingoensis
Coccophagus speciosus

quote: Gray birch is an attractive tree that is often used as a winter landscape plant

quote: Gray birch grows to 10 m tall; trunks are seldom over 1.5 dm thick.

quote: Gray birch is a rapid grower (0.6 m per year) and short-lived (approximately 20 years).

quote: Male catkins (elongated flower clusters) are yellow and 1.3 to 3 cm long.

value: Flowering takes place between April and May.


slug: betula-pubescens

scientific: Betula pubescens

epithet: pubescens

published_in: Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 6: 98 (1791)

preferred: Brown Birch

english:
Brown Birch
Downy Birch
Mountain Birch
White Birch
downy birch

Betula alba

authorship: L.

Betula alba f. pubescens

authorship: (Ehrh.) Bolzon

Betula alba lus. asplenifolia

authorship: Regel

Betula alba lus. carpatica

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Regel

Betula alba lus. rhombifolia

authorship: (Tausch) Regel

Betula alba subsp. glutinosa

authorship: (Trautv. ex Regel) Holub

Betula alba subsp. odorata

authorship: (Bechst.) Dippel

Betula alba subsp. pubescens

authorship: (Ehrh.) Regel

Betula alba subsp. tortuosa

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel

Betula alba var. communis

authorship: Hartm.

Betula alba var. fragilis

authorship: Lilj.

Betula alba var. frutescens

authorship: Wallr.

Betula alba var. glabrata

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Muñoz Garm. & Pedrol

Betula alba var. glutinosa

authorship: Trautv. ex Regel

Betula alba var. hornemannii

authorship: (Regel) Regel

Betula alba var. ovata

authorship: Neilr.

Betula alba var. pubescens

authorship: (Ehrh.) Hartm.

Betula alba var. pumila

authorship: Zanoni ex Murray

Betula alba var. torfacea

authorship: Custor

Betula alba var. typica

authorship: Trautv.

Betula alba var. urticifolia

authorship: Spach

Betula alba var. vulgaris

authorship: Aiton

authorship: Willd.

Betula ambigua

authorship: Hampe ex Rchb.

Betula aurata var. rhombifolia

authorship: (Tausch) Tzvelev

Betula aurea

authorship: Steud.

Betula borysthenica

authorship: Klokov

Betula broccembergensis

authorship: Bechst.

Betula browicziana

authorship: Güner

Betula callosa

authorship: Notø

authorship: Lindq.

Betula carpatica

authorship: Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.

Betula carpatica var. hercynica

authorship: Rchb.

Betula caucasica

authorship: Litv. ex Leskov

Betula concinna

authorship: Gunnarsson

Betula coriifolia

authorship: Tausch ex Regel

Betula czerepanovii var. nasarovii

authorship: Tzvelev

Betula friesii

authorship: Larss. ex Hartm.

authorship: Larss.

Betula friesii var. subalpina

authorship: Larss. ex Kindb.

Betula glabra

authorship: Dumort.

Betula glauca

authorship: Wender.

Betula hackelii

authorship: Opiz ex Steud.

Betula kusmischeffii

authorship: (Regel) Sukaczev

Betula laciniata

authorship: Blom

authorship: Thunb.

Betula lenta

authorship: Du Roi

Betula litwinowii

authorship: Doluch.

Betula lucida

authorship: Courtois

Betula major

authorship: Gilib.

Betula murithii

authorship: Gaudin ex Regel

Betula odorata var. alpigena

authorship: Blytt

Betula odorata var. tortuosa

authorship: (Ledeb.) Rosenv.

Betula pubescens f. amoena

authorship: Laest.

Betula pubescens subsp. carpatica

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Asch. & Graebn.

Betula pubescens var. carpatica

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Wimm. & Grab.

codes: ALT BRY IRN IRK KHA KRA NCS TCS TUR WSB YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB HUN ICE IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR GNL NFL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1923 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Берёза пушистая

names: Береза пухнаста

partners:
Collita griseola
Eriophyes leionotus
Rhacognathus punctatus
Symydobius oblongus

partners:
Kybos calyculus
Kybos lindbergi
Kybos luda
Lindbergina aurovittata
Achlya flavicornis
Acronicta americana
Acronicta dactylina
Acronicta leporina

partners:
Erysiphe ornata var. europaea
Ileostylus micranthus
Melampsoridium betulinum
Melampyrum sylvaticum
Phyllactinia guttata

partners:
Birch leaf roll-associated virus
Botryosphaeria dothidea
Chondrostereum purpureum
Ophiostoma denticiliatum

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: betula-pumila

scientific: Betula pumila

authorship: L.

epithet: pumila

preferred: bog birch

Betula glandulifera

authorship: (Regel) E.J.Butler

Betula glandulosa var. glandulifera

authorship: (Regel) Gleason

Betula glandulosa var. hallii

authorship: (Howell) C.L.Hitchc.

Betula grayi

authorship: Regel

Betula hallii

authorship: Howell

Betula nana var. glandulifera

authorship: (Regel) B.Boivin

Betula nana var. renifolia

authorship: (Fernald) B.Boivin

Betula neoborealis

authorship: Lepage

Betula pubescens var. borealis

authorship: (Spach) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Betula pulchella

authorship: Dippel

Betula pumila f. glabrescens

authorship: (Regel) Regel

Betula pumila f. glandulifera

authorship: (Regel) H.J.P.Winkl.

Betula pumila f. hallii

authorship: (Howell) Brayshaw

Betula pumila f. latipes

authorship: (H.J.P.Winkl.) Lepage

Betula pumila subsp. glandulifera

authorship: (Regel) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Betula pumila var. fastigiata

authorship: Rehder

Betula pumila var. renifolia

authorship: Fernald

Betula quebeccensis

authorship: Burgsd.

Chamaebetula pumila

authorship: (L.) Opiz

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL COL CNT IDA ILL INI IOW KAN LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN MNT NEB NBR NWJ NWY NFL NDA NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE SAS SDA VER WAS WIS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1771 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Берёза малорослая

partners:
Graphocephala coccinea
Acronicta impressa
Agrilus anxius
Cryptocephalus venustus
Empoa spinosa
Graphocephala picta
Idiocerus setaceus
Lagopus lagopus

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: betula-utilis

scientific: Betula utilis

epithet: utilis

preferred: Himalayan Birch

Betula albosinensis

authorship: Burkill

name: Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis

Betula bhojpattra

authorship: Wall.

Betula bhojpattra var. jacquemontii

authorship: (Spach) Regel

Betula bhojpattra var. sinensis

authorship: Franch.

Betula castanae

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f.

Betula chitralica

authorship: Browicz

Betula jacquemontii

authorship: Spach

Betula jacquemontii subsp. occidentalis

authorship: (Kitam.) Browicz

Betula utilis subsp. intermedia

authorship: Kitam.

Betula utilis subsp. jacquemontii

authorship: (Spach) Ashburner & McAll.

Betula utilis var. jacquemontii

authorship: (Spach) H.J.P.Winkl.

Betula utilis var. occidentalis

authorship: (Kitam.) Ashburner & A.D.Schill.

Betula utilis var. sinensis

authorship: (Franch.) H.J.P.Winkl.

Betula vassiljevii

authorship: Dyl.

codes: AFG CHN CHC CHS CHI KAZ KGZ TZK CHT UZB EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tibet

code: CHT

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 118 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Himalayan Birch
Himalayan silver birch

names: 桦树液 糙皮桦

names: Берёза полезная

names: भेाज पत्र, त्ााक्पा Bhoj patra

partners:
Byctiscus betulae
Carduelis carduelis
Larerannis orthogrammaria


slug: bewsia-biflora

scientific: Bewsia biflora

authorship: (Hack.) Gooss.

genus: Bewsia

epithet: biflora

family: Poaceae

Avenastrum flabellatum

authorship: Peter

Diplachne biflora

authorship: Hack.

Diplachne biflora var. buchananii

authorship: Stapf

codes: ANG BEN BOT CMN CPP ZAI SWZ OFS IVO NAT MLW MOZ NAM NGA TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

names: Vals-eragrostis blousaadgras

value: herb

value: graminoid

value: non-woody

value: hemicryptophyte

value: 1 m


slug: beyeria-lasiocarpa

scientific: Beyeria lasiocarpa

authorship: (F.Muell.) Müll.Arg.

genus: Beyeria

epithet: lasiocarpa

family: Euphorbiaceae

Beyeria lasiocarpa f. denudata

authorship: Baill.

Beyeria opaca var. longifolia

authorship: Gruning

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 102 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

value: capsule

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: beyeria-leschenaultii

scientific: Beyeria leschenaultii

authorship: (DC.) Baill.

epithet: leschenaultii

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 451 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Felted Wallaby-bush
pale turpentine bush

partners:
Choerocoris variegatus
Rhinotia melanocephala

value: 2 m

authors: (DC.) Baill.

published_in: Adansonia 6: 307

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: beyeria-opaca

scientific: Beyeria opaca

epithet: opaca

published_in: Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 16 (1855)

codes: NSW SOA VIC WAU

South Australia

code: SOA

Western Australia

code: WAU

published_in: Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 16

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: beyeria-viscosa

scientific: Beyeria viscosa

authorship: (Labill.) Miq.

epithet: viscosa

Beyeria oblongifolia

authorship: (Klotzsch) Sond.

Beyeria viscosa var. latifolia

authorship: Benth.

Beyeria viscosa var. oblongifolia

authorship: (Klotzsch) Mull.Arg.

Beyeria viscosa var. preissii

authorship: Sond.

Calyptrostigma oblongifolium

authorship: Klotzsch

Calyptrostigma viscosum

authorship: (Labill.) Klotzsch

Croton viscosus

authorship: Labill.

codes: NSW QLD SOA TAS WAU

Tasmania

code: TAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 472 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pinkwood
Sticky Wallaby Bush

partners:
Choerocoris grossi
Choerocoris paganus
Choerocoris variegatus
Maskellanna beyeriae

value: 4 m

authors: Miq.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: biancaea-decapetala

scientific: Biancaea decapetala

authorship: (Roth) O.Deg.

genus: Biancaea

epithet: decapetala

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Fl. Hawaiiensis : K7 (1936)

preferred: shoofly

Biancaea ferox

authorship: (Hassk.) Tod.

Biancaea scandens

authorship: Tod.

Biancaea sepiaria

authorship: (Roxb.) Tod.

Caesalpinia benguetensis

authorship: Elmer

Caesalpinia decapetala

authorship: (Roth) Alston

Caesalpinia decapetala var. japonica

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Isely

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Ohashi

Caesalpinia decapetala var. pubescens

authorship: (Tang & F.T.Wang ex C.W.Chang) X.Y.Zhu

Caesalpinia ferox

authorship: Hassk.

Caesalpinia japonica

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Caesalpinia sepiaria

authorship: Roxb.

Caesalpinia sepiaria var. auricoma

authorship: Trimen

Caesalpinia sepiaria var. japonica

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Makino

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Gagnep.

Caesalpinia sepiaria var. pubescens

authorship: Tang & F.T.Wang ex C.W.Chang

Mezoneuron benguetense

authorship: (Elmer) Elmer

Reichardia decapetala

authorship: Roth

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR NNS TAI YEM ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP PAK PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Yemen

code: YEM

region: Arabian Peninsula

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 878 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Acrocercops hyphantica
Charaxes baumanni
Curetis acuta
Deudorix odana
Enarmonia plerota
Eurema mandarina
Lacera alope
Neptis sappho


slug: biancaea-sappan

scientific: Biancaea sappan

authorship: (L.) Tod.

epithet: sappan

published_in: Hort. Bot. Panorm. 1: 3 (1875)

preferred: Indian redwood

english:
Indian redwood
sappanwood

Caesalpinia angustifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Caesalpinia sapang

authorship: Noronha

Caesalpinia sappan

authorship: L.

codes: ASS BAN CBD EHM LAO MYA NEP THA VIE

Cambodia

code: CBD

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: scrambling shrub or tree

names:
sappanwood
Indian redwood

names:
苏木
Su Mu

names: スオウ 蘇芳

names: Césalpinie sappan, Sappan, Brésillet des Indes, Bois de sappan, Campêche sappan

partners:
Falcolipeurus josephi
Lacera alope
Polyura athamas
Thylacoptila cavifrontella
Trichoptilus regalis

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

value: deciduous

authors: (L.) Tod.

published_in: Hort. Bot. Panorm. 1(1): 3

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biarum-davisii

scientific: Biarum davisii

authorship: Turrill

genus: Biarum

epithet: davisii

family: Araceae

Kriti

code: KRI

region: Southeastern Europe

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names: Биарум Дэйвиса

value: geophyte

authors: Turrill

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 104: 437

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: biarum-dispar

scientific: Biarum dispar

authorship: (Schott) Talavera

epithet: dispar

Biarum bovei f. longifolium

authorship: (Pomel) Maire & Weiller

Biarum bovei subsp. dispar

authorship: (Schott) Engl.

Biarum bovei var. purpureum

authorship: Engl.

Biarum bovei var. rupestre

authorship: (Pomel) Batt.

Biarum bovei var. viride

authorship: Batt. & Trab.

Biarum bovei var. zanonii

authorship: Pamp.

Biarum longifolium

authorship: Pomel

Biarum numidicum

authorship: Parl.

Ischarum dispar

authorship: Schott

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN SAR SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Schott) Talavera

published_in: Lagascalia 6(2): 293

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.