slug: pinus-coulteri

scientific: Pinus coulteri

epithet: coulteri

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 440. (1837)

preferred: Coulter pine

english:
Coulter pine
Big-cone Pine
Bigcone Pine
Coulter Pine

Pinus macrocarpa

authorship: Lindl.

Pinus ponderosa subsp. coulteri

authorship: (D.Don) A.E.Murray

codes: CAL MXN

California

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1998 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Pinus ponderosa

slug: pinus-ponderosa

species: Pinus jeffreyi

slug: pinus-jeffreyi

species: Pinus sabiniana

slug: pinus-sabiniana

label: Near Threatened

names:
Big-cone Pine
Bigcone Pine

names:
Сосна Культера
Сосна́ Ку́льтера

names:
Coulter-Kiefer
Coulters Kiefer

names:
Pin
Pin de Coulter

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Eaten by

partners:
Chionodes sabinianae
Coloradia pandora
Rodentia

partners:
Arceuthobium campylopodum
Phaenops californica
Phaenops intrusa

label: Life form


slug: pinus-cubensis

scientific: Pinus cubensis

authorship: Griseb.

genus: Pinus

epithet: cubensis

family: Pinaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Cuban Pine

source: wikidata

Pinus cubensis subsp. maestraensis

authorship: (Bisse) Silba

Pinus cubensis var. anomala

authorship: Rowlee

Pinus maestraensis

authorship: Bisse

Pinus montezumae var. cubensis

authorship: Nutt.

Pinus occidentalis var. cubensis

authorship: (Griseb.) Silba

Pinus wrightii

authorship: Engelm.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

Cuba

code: CUB

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Caribbean

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

partners:
Agalliopsis maculata
Nivcentia pinicolus
Cyrpoptus belfragei
Rhyacionia frustrana

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: tree

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

value: phanerophyte

label: Height

category: Size

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Griseb.

published_in: Pl. Wright. (Grisebach) 2: 530

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: pinus-culminicola

scientific: Pinus culminicola

authorship: Andresen & Beaman

epithet: culminicola

preferred: Potosi Pinyon Pine

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

climate: montane tropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
Potosi Pinyon Pine
Dwarf Potosi Pine

names:
Pino Piñonero Enano
Piñón Amarillo

names:
Pin du Cerro Potosí
Pin pignon du Potosi

value: shrub

authors: Andresen & Beaman

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 42: 437, fig. 2-4

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: pinus-dalatensis

scientific: Pinus dalatensis

authorship: Ferré

epithet: dalatensis

published_in: Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(4)4: 8. (1960)

preferred: Dalat Pine

english:
Dalat Pine
Dalat White Pine

Pinus anemophila

authorship: Businsky

Pinus dalatensis subsp. bidoupensis

authorship: (Businsky) Silba

Pinus dalatensis var. procera

authorship: (Businsky) Aver.

Pinus fenzeliana subsp. annamiensis

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus fenzeliana var. annamiensis

authorship: Silba

Pinus wallichiana var. dalatensis

authorship: (Ferré) Silba

codes: LAO VIE

Laos

code: LAO

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Vietnam

code: VIE

climate: subtropical

iucn_category: NT

names:
Dalat Pine
Dalat White Pine

names:
Pin blanc du Viêt-nam
Pin du Vietnam

authors: Ferré

published_in: in Trav. Lab. For. Toulouse, Tome I. vi. Art. 4 (Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse,xcv.) 8 (1960)


slug: pinus-densiflora

scientific: Pinus densiflora

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: densiflora

preferred: Japanese Red Pine

english:
Japanese Red Pine
Japanese pine
Japanese red pine
Japanese umbrella pine
tanyosho pine

Pinus densiflora f. aurea

authorship: (Mayr) E.H.Wilson

Pinus densiflora f. brevifolia

authorship: (Liou & Z.Wang) Kitag.

Pinus densiflora f. globosa

authorship: (Mayr) Beissn.

Pinus densiflora f. sylvestriformis

authorship: Taken.

Pinus densiflora subsp. funebris

authorship: (Kom.) Silba

Pinus densiflora subsp. zhangwuensis

authorship: (S.J.Zhang, C.X.Li & X.Y.Yuan) Silba

Pinus densiflora var. aurea

authorship: Mayr

name: Pinus densiflora var. aureovariegata-pendula

Pinus densiflora var. brevifolia

authorship: Liou & Z.Wang

Pinus densiflora var. funebris

authorship: (Kom.) Liou & Q.L.Wang ex Silba

authorship: (Kom.) Liou & Q.L.Wang

name: Pinus densiflora var. oculus-draconis-pendula

Pinus densiflora var. sylvestriformis

authorship: (Taken.) Q.L.Wang

Pinus densiflora var. zhangwuensis

authorship: S.J.Zhang, C.X.Li & X.Y.Yuan

Pinus funebris

authorship: Kom.

Pinus japonica

authorship: Forbes

Pinus scopifera

authorship: Miq.

Pinus sylvestris subsp. densiflora

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Vorosch.

Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis

authorship: (Taken.) W.C.Cheng & C.D.Chu

codes: JAP KOR CHM PRM

Japan

code: JAP

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 418 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Japanese Red Pine
Japanese Pine

names:
赤松
Chi song

names: صنوبر كثيف الأزهار

names:
Sosna gustotsvetkovaya
Сосна густоцветная

names: Aka-matsu me-matsu

names: Sonamoo sonamu

partners:
Acantholyda erythrocephala
Ainoptyelus nigroscutellatus
Archips oporana
Ardeicola africanus
Cystidia couaggaria
Dendrolimus tabulaeformis
Empoa gasana
Epipyga cribrata

partners:
Asaphes pubescens
Asaphes suspensus
Bursaphelenchus sinensis
Euneura lachni
Euneura sopolis
Pachyneuron aphidis
Pachyneuron groenlandicus
Pachyneuron solitarium

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Cenangium ferruginosum

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

partners:
Ceratocystiopsis minuta
Graphilbum fragrans
Graphilbum pusillum
Grosmannia olivacea
Leptographium alethinum
Leptographium koreanum
Leptographium pini-densiflorae
Leptographium procerum

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology


slug: pinus-devoniana

scientific: Pinus devoniana

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: devoniana

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25 (Misc.): 62. (1839)

preferred: Michoacán Pine

Pinus devoniana subsp. nayaritana

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Pinus devoniana subsp. wincesteriana

authorship: (Gordon) Silba

Pinus grenvilleae

authorship: Gordon

Pinus magnifica

authorship: Roezl

Pinus michoacana

authorship: Martínez

Pinus montezumae var. macrophylla

authorship: (Lindl.) Parl.

Pinus pawlikowskiana

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

authorship: Roezl ex Carrière

Pinus quevedoi

authorship: (Martínez) Gaussen

Pinus skinneri

authorship: Forbes ex Gordon

Pinus zitacuarensis var. nitida

authorship: Carrière

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

region: Central America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 219 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Michoacán Pine
Michoacan Pine

names:
Pino Real
Pino Blanco

names: 麦根松 德文松

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem


slug: pinus-durangensis

scientific: Pinus durangensis

epithet: durangensis

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 23. (1942)

preferred: Durango Pine

Pinus douglasiana var. martinezii

authorship: (E.Larsen) Silba

codes: MXE MXN MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ocote
Pino Real

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Martínez

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 24, fig. 2-4


slug: pinus-echinata

scientific: Pinus echinata

authorship: Mill.

epithet: echinata

preferred: shortleaf pine

english:
shortleaf pine
Shortleaf Pine

source: inat

Pinus lutea

authorship: Lodd. ex Gordon

Pinus mitis

authorship: Michx.

Pinus royleana

authorship: Jameson ex Lindl.

Pinus squarrosa

authorship: Walter

Pinus taeda var. echinata

authorship: (Mill.) Castigl.

Pinus taeda var. variabilis

authorship: Aiton

Pinus variabilis

authorship: (Aiton) Lamb.

Pinus virginiana var. echinata

authorship: (Mill.) Du Roi

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

partners:
Eacles imperialis
Exoteleia pinifoliella
Hoplopleura spicula
Loxia curvirostra
Neodiprion taedae linearis
Petrova metallica
Rhyacionia frustrana
Thionia bullata

partners:
Aprostocetus silvaticus
Baryscapus coerulescens
Buprestis africans
Chalcophora georgiana
Chalcophora virginiensis
Chrysobothris pusilla
Dicerca punctulata
Dinotiscus dendroctoni

partners:
Lecanosticta acicola
Phytophthora cinnamomi

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: pinus-edulis

scientific: Pinus edulis

authorship: Engelm.

epithet: edulis

published_in: Mem. Tour N. Mexico 88. (1848)

preferred: Colorado Pinyon

english:
Colorado Pinyon
Pinyon Pine
Two-needle Pinyon Pine
twoneedle pinyon

Caryopitys edulis

authorship: (Engelm.) Small

Pinus cembroides subsp. edulis

authorship: (Engelm.) A.E.Murray

Pinus cembroides var. edulis

authorship: (Engelm.) Voss

Pinus monophylla var. edulis

authorship: (Engelm.) M.E.Jones

codes: ARI CAL COL NWM OKL TEX UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

New Mexico

code: NWM

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

names:
Colorado Pinyon
Pinyon Pine

names:
Pino dulce
piñón

names: 科罗拉多果松 松子松

names: Сосна съедобная

names:
pino del colorado
pino edule

names:
Borovice coloradská
borovice jedlá

partners:
Diceroprocta eugraphica
Hadoa chisosensis
Hadoa duryi
Okanagana bella
Okanagana magnifica
Platypedia putnami lutea
Eucopina bobana
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus

partners:
Acerocephala atroviolacea
Chrysobothris carinipennis
Chrysobothris ludificata
Chrysobothris trinervia
Phaenops piniedulis
Pinyonia edulicola
Tetrastichus

source: USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Growth rate

value: slow


slug: pinus-elliottii

scientific: Pinus elliottii

epithet: elliottii

published_in: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 4: 186. (1880)

preferred: Slash Pine

english:
Slash Pine
slash pine

Pinus densa

authorship: (Little & K.W.Dorman) de Laub. & Silba

Pinus densa var. austrokeysensis

authorship: Silba

Pinus elliottii subsp. austrokeysensis

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus elliottii subsp. densa

authorship: (Little & K.W.Dorman) A.E.Murray

Pinus heterophylla

authorship: (Elliott) Sudw.

Pinus taeda var. heterophylla

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Phenol

activities: Analgesic Anesthetic AntiMS Antibacterial Antihemorrhoidal Antihydrocoele Antiincontinence Antionychogryphotic

Guaiacol

activities: Anesthetic Antibacterial Antidermatitic Antieczemic Antiesophagitic Antiseptic Antituberculic Cardiodepressant

Borneol

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Allelochemic Analgesic Antiacetylcholine Antibacterial Antibronchitic Antiescherichic

Dehydroabietic-acid

activities: Allergenic Antifeedant Pesticide Protisticide Schistosomicide

Dipentene

activities: Allergenic Antibacterial Antiviral Expectorant Irritant Pesticide Sedative

Beta-pinene

activities: Allergenic Antiinflammatory Antiseptic Antispasmodic Candidicide FLavor Herbicide Insectifuge

Camphene

activities: Allelopathic Antilithic? Antioxidant Expectorant FLavor Hypocholesterolemic? Insectifuge Pesticide

Cadinene

activities: Antifeedant FLavor Perfumery Pesticide

names:
slash pine
American pitch pine

names:
湿地松
shi di song

names: صنوبر إليوتي

names:
Cосна Эллиота
Сосна Эллиота

names: Elliotkiefer Elliott-Kiefer

names:
Pin d'Elliott
Pin d’Elliott

names: basden den

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Leofa dispar
Megatibicen resonans
Archips micaceana
Aroa melanoleuca
Callosciurus erythraeus
Dendrolimus punctata
Dioryctria amatella
Epipyga cribrata

partners:
Boleodorus thylactus
Cephalenchus emarginatus
Helicotylenchus exallus
Paratylenchus peperpotti

partners:
Fusarium circinatum
Lecanosticta acicola

partners:
Fusarium fujikuroi
Fusarium incarnatum
Fusarium solani
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Pestalotia
Verticillium

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

published_in: in Sargent, Cat. For. Trees 74; et in Trans. Acad. Sc. St. Louis, iv. (1880)186


slug: pinus-engelmannii

scientific: Pinus engelmannii

authorship: Carrière

epithet: engelmannii

preferred: Apache Pine

english:
Apache Pine
Apache pine

source: wikidata

Pinus apacheca

authorship: Lemmon

Pinus engelmannii subsp. blancoi

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Pinus engelmannii var. blancoi

authorship: (Martínez) Martínez

Pinus latifolia

authorship: Sarg.

Pinus macrophylla var. blancoi

authorship: Martínez

Pinus mayriana

authorship: Sudw.

Pinus mayriana var. apacheca

authorship: (Lemmon) Lemmon

Pinus ponderosa var. macrophylla

authorship: (Engelm.) Shaw

Pinus ponderosa var. mayriana

authorship: (Sudw.) Sarg.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 223 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Apache pine
Arizona Longleaf Pine

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acleris variana
Argyrotaenia tabulana
Caripeta divisata
Coleotechnites canusella
Coloradia pandora
Cydia piperana
Dasychira grisefacta
Ectropis crepuscularia

partners:
Megastigmus albifrons
Megastigmus atedius

authors: Carrière

published_in: Rev. Hort. [Paris]. ser. 4, 3: 227


slug: pinus-fenzeliana

scientific: Pinus fenzeliana

epithet: fenzeliana

Pinus armandii var. fenzeliana

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) Eckenw.

Pinus eremitana

authorship: Businsky

Pinus fenzeliana subsp. kwangtungensis

authorship: (Chun ex Tsiang) Silba

Pinus fenzeliana subsp. varifolia

authorship: (Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong) Silba

Pinus kwangtungensis

authorship: Chun ex Tsiang

Pinus kwangtungensis var. varifolia

authorship: Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong

Pinus parviflora var. fenzeliana

authorship: (Hand.-Mazz.) C.L.Wu

Pinus wangii subsp. varifolia

authorship: (Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong) Businsky

Pinus wangii var. varifolia

authorship: (Nan Li & Y.C.Zhong) Aver.

codes: CHS CHH VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Vietnam

code: VIE

label: Near Threatened

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Fenzel's Pine
Hainan white pine

names: 松塔 海南五针松

names:
borovice Fenzelova
borovice Wangova kvantungská

label: Life form

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 80: 337

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: pinus-flexilis

scientific: Pinus flexilis

epithet: flexilis

published_in: Narrat. Exp. St. Peter's River 2: 35 (1824)

preferred: Limber Pine

english:
Limber Pine
Rocky Mountain White Pine
limber pine

Apinus flexilis

authorship: (E.James) Rydb.

Pinus ayacahuite var. reflexa

authorship: (Engelm.) Voss

Pinus flexilis subsp. alpina

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus flexilis subsp. reflexa

authorship: (Engelm.) A.E.Murray

Pinus flexilis var. alpina

authorship: Silba

Pinus flexilis var. macrocarpa

authorship: Engelm.

Pinus lambertiana var. brevifolia

authorship: Hook.

Pinus reflexa

authorship: (Engelm.) Engelm.

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXE MXN MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA ORE SDA TEX UTA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oregon

code: ORE

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1941 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

label: Least Concern

names:
Limber Pine
Rocky Mountain White Pine

names:
pino torcido
Pino enano

names: 柔枝松 柔枝(軟葉)五針松

names:
Сосна гибкая
Сосна мягкая

names:
Pin flexible
Pin flexible, Pin blanc de l'Ouest

partners:
Choristoneura occidentalis
Coleotechnites lewisi
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Epipyga cribrata
Eucopina bobana
Hoplopleura spicula
Incisalia eryphon
Nucifraga columbiana

label: Parasites

partners:
Acerocephala atroviolacea
Calosota aestivalis
Chrysobothris ludificata
Chrysobothris trinervia
Cronartium ribicola

partners:
Arceuthobium
Cronartium ribicola
Meloderma desmazieri

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)


slug: pinus-georginae

scientific: Pinus georginae

authorship: Pérez de la Rosa

epithet: georginae

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

label: Woodiness

source: GIFT

authors: Pérez de la Rosa


slug: pinus-gerardiana

scientific: Pinus gerardiana

authorship: Wall. ex D.Don

epithet: gerardiana

preferred: Chilghoza Pine

english:
Chilghoza Pine
Gerrard's Pine
Himalayan Nut Pine
chilgoza pine
chilghoza pine

Pinus aucklandii

authorship: Lodd. ex Gordon

Pinus chilghoza

authorship: Knight

Pinus neosa

authorship: Gouan ex W.H.Baxter

codes: AFG CHT PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Tibet

code: CHT

Pakistan

code: PAK

region: Indian Subcontinent

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

Alpha-pinene

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacne Antibacterial Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antipneumonic

names:
Chilghoza Pine
Chilgoza Pine

names: 喜马拉雅白皮松 西藏白皮松

names: Сосна Жерарда

names:
Pin de Gérard
Pin de l’Himalaya

label: Growth habit

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Wall. ex D.Don

published_in: Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 3. 2: t. 79


slug: pinus-glabra

scientific: Pinus glabra

authorship: Walter

epithet: glabra

preferred: Spruce Pine

english:
Poor Pine
Spruce Pine
spruce pine

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 421 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Spruce Pine
Poor Pine

names: Πεύκη η αραιόφυλλος

value: rapid

label: Height

label: Foliage colour

value: green


slug: pinus-greggii

scientific: Pinus greggii

authorship: Engelm. ex Parl.

epithet: greggii

preferred: Gregg’s Pine

english:
Gregg's pine
Gregg’s Pine

Pinus greggii subsp. australis

authorship: (Donahue & Lopez Upton) Silba

codes: MXC MXE

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 130 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Gregg’s Pine
Gregg's pine

names:
Pino Chino
Pino Garabato

names: 東馬德雷松 格蕾基松

partners:
Bonneyana schwartzi
Holocerina smilax

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: Engelm. ex Parl.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: pinus-halepensis

scientific: Pinus halepensis

authorship: Mill.

epithet: halepensis

preferred: Aleppo Pine

english:
Aleppo Pine
aleppo pine

Pinus abasica

authorship: hort. ex Carrière

Pinus alepensis

authorship: Poir.

Pinus arabica

authorship: Sieber ex Spreng.

Pinus ceciliae

authorship: Llorens & L.Llorens

Pinus colchica

authorship: Booth ex Gordon

Pinus halepensis subsp. ceciliae

authorship: (Llorens & L.Llorens) Silba

Pinus halepensis var. abasica

authorship: (hort. ex Carrière) Carrière

Pinus halepensis var. carica

authorship: (D.Don) Carrière

Pinus halepensis var. ceciliae

authorship: (Llorens & L.Llorens) L.Llorens ex Rosselló, Cubas & N.Torres

Pinus halepensis var. genuensis

authorship: (J.Cook) Antoine

Pinus halepensis var. minor

authorship: Antoine

Pinus halepensis var. pendula

authorship: P.P.Ferrer & R.Ferrer

Pinus hierosolimitana

authorship: Duhamel

Pinus loiseleuriana

authorship: Carrière

Pinus maritima

authorship: Aiton

Pinus paroliniana

authorship: Webb ex Carrière

Pinus parolinii

authorship: Vis.

Pinus penicillus

authorship: Lapeyr.

Pinus pseudohalepensis

authorship: Denhardt ex Carrière

Pinus saportae

authorship: Rouy

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA YUG SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Aleppo Pine
Jerusalem pine

names:
Pino Carrasco
Pino de Alepo

partners:
Hipparchia fidia
Phytoplasma pini
Sciurus vulgaris
Thaumetopoea pityocampa

partners:
Sciurus vulgaris
Zanda funerea
Cacatua sanguinea
Capra
Cicada orni
Cixius (Tetracixius) pinivorus
Colladonus commissus
Dioryctria mendacella

partners:
Ablerus celsus
Anagyrus matritensis
Anastatus bifasciatus
Anthemus leucaspidis
Aphycus apicalis
Aphytis luteus
Asaphes vulgaris
Baryscapus


slug: pinus-hartwegii

scientific: Pinus hartwegii

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: hartwegii

preferred: Hartweg's Pine

english:
Hartweg's Pine
Mexican mountain pine

Pinus aculcensis

authorship: Roezl

Pinus atrovirens

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

Pinus decaisneana var. wilsonii

authorship: (Roezl) Carrière

Pinus decandolleana var. ehrenbergii

authorship: (Endl.) Carrière

Pinus donnell-smithii

authorship: Mast.

Pinus ehrenbergii

authorship: Endl.

Pinus hartwegii subsp. donnell-smithii

authorship: (Mast.) Silba

Pinus hartwegii subsp. rudis

authorship: (Endl.) Silba

Pinus lindleyana

authorship: Loudon ex Gordon

Pinus montezumae

authorship: Gordon

Pinus montezumae subsp. hartwegii

authorship: (Lindl.) Engelm.

Pinus montezumae var. hartwegii

authorship: (Lindl.) Shaw

Pinus montezumae var. lindleyana

authorship: (Loudon ex Gordon) Parl.

Pinus montezumae var. rudis

authorship: (Endl.) Shaw

Pinus suffruticosa

authorship: Roezl ex Carrière

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 417 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hartweg's Pine
Donnell-smith Pine

names:
Ocote
Pino de las Alturas

names: 哈特威格松 哈特維希松

names:
Hartwegs Kiefer
Mexikanische Bergkiefer

partners:
Apolychrosis synchysis
Argyrotaenia montezumae
Epipyga cribrata
Eucosma sp.
Hoplopleura spicula
Rhyacionia rigidana

partners:
Eurytoma pinisilvae
Megastigmus albifrons


slug: pinus-heldreichii

scientific: Pinus heldreichii

epithet: heldreichii

published_in: Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel n.s., 3: 549. (1863)

preferred: Bosnian Pine

english:
Bosnian Pine
Heldreich's Pine
Bosnian pine

Pinus heldreichii f. vivipara

authorship: Tucović & Stilinovic

Pinus heldreichii subsp. leucodermis

authorship: (Antoine) A.E.Murray

Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis

authorship: (Antoine) Markgr. ex Fitschen

Pinus laricio var. heldreichii

authorship: (H.Christ) Mast.

Pinus laricio var. leucodermis

authorship: (Antoine) H.Christ

Pinus laricio var. pindica

authorship: (Formánek) Mast.

Pinus leucodermis

authorship: Antoine

Pinus nigra var. leucodermis

authorship: (Antoine) Rehder

Pinus pindica

authorship: Formánek

codes: ALB BUL GRC ITA YUG

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bosnian Pine
Balkan pine

names: 波士尼亚松 波斯尼亚松

names:
Боснийская сосна
Сосна Гельдрейха

names: Loricakiefer Panzerkiefer

names: Pin blanc de Bosnie, Pin de Heldreich, Pin des Balkans

names: Slangebark-Fyr panserfyr

names:
Borovica pancierová
borovica Heldreichova

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Christ

published_in: Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 3(4): 549


slug: pinus-herrerae

scientific: Pinus herrerae

authorship: Mast.

epithet: herrerae

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 11: 76. (1940)

preferred: Herrera's Pine

Pinus teocote var. herrerae

authorship: (Mast.) Silba

names:
Ocote
Pino Chino


slug: pinus-jaliscana

scientific: Pinus jaliscana

authorship: Pérez de la Rosa

epithet: jaliscana

preferred: Jalisco Pine

Pinus jaliscana subsp. macvaughii

authorship: (Carvajal) Silba

Pinus macvaughii

authorship: Carvajal

Pinus patula var. jaliscana

authorship: (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba

names:
Pino Chino
pino de Jalisco

published_in: Phytologia 54: 290(-293), fig


slug: pinus-jeffreyi

scientific: Pinus jeffreyi

authorship: A.Murray bis & al.

epithet: jeffreyi

published_in: Bot. Exped. Oregon 8: 2, no. 731 (1853)

preferred: Jeffrey pine

english:
Jeffrey pine
Jeffrey Pine
Jeffrey's Pine

source: inat

Pinus deflexa

authorship: Torr.

Pinus jeffreyana

authorship: Loudon

Pinus jeffreyi subsp. baja-californica

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus jeffreyi var. baja-californica

authorship: Silba

Pinus jeffreyi var. deflexa

authorship: (Torr.) Lemmon

Pinus jeffreyi var. peninsularis

authorship: Lemmon

Pinus malletii

authorship: Mottet

Pinus peninsularis

authorship: (Lemmon) Lemmon

Pinus ponderosa subsp. jeffreyi

authorship: (A.Murray bis & al.) A.E.Murray

authorship: (A.Murray bis & al.) Engelm.

Pinus ponderosa var. jeffreyi

authorship: (A.Murray bis & al.) Vasey

Pinus ponderosa var. malletii

authorship: (Mottet) Beissn.

codes: CAL MXN NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2028 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

slug: pinus-ponderosa

species: Pinus coulteri

slug: pinus-coulteri

names:
Jeffrey pine
Jeffrey's Pine

partners:
Arceuthobium campylopodum
Melanerpes formicivorus

partners:
Bondia
Coloradia pandora
Cydia injectiva
Cydia piperana
Eucopina bobana
Eucopina ponderosa
Haematoloma dorsatum
Neophasia menapia

partners: Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. campylopodum

label: Growth form


slug: pinus-kesiya

scientific: Pinus kesiya

authorship: Royle ex Gordon

epithet: kesiya

published_in: Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 16: 8. (1840)

preferred: Benguet Pine

english:
Benguet Pine
Khasi Pine
Khasia Pine
Luzon Pine

Pinus cavendishiana

authorship: Parl.

Pinus insularis

authorship: Endl.

Pinus insularis var. langbianensis

authorship: (A.Chev.) Silba

Pinus kasya

authorship: Royle ex Parl.

Pinus kesiya subsp. insularis

authorship: (Endl.) D.Z.Li

Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis

authorship: (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui

Pinus khasia

authorship: Engelm.

Pinus khasya

authorship: Royle ex Gord.

Pinus khasyana

authorship: Griff.

Pinus taeda

authorship: Blanco

codes: CHC CHT ASS BAN CBD LAO MYA PHI THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 105 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
Benguet Pine
Khasi Pine

names: 松塔 思茅松

names: pinheiro-de-khasia pinus

names:
Кезия
Сосна островная

names: kashiya-matsu カシヤマツ

names:
Pin à trois épines
pin à trois feuilles

partners:
Dioryctria assamensis
Peucoteles herpestica
Ariptyelus ikalahani
Calliteara horsfieldii
Colocleora suffumosa
Dendrolimus kikuchii
Dioryctria abietella
Dioryctria rubella

label: Pathogens

partners:
Pseudocercospora pini-densiflorae
Scolytinae
Tomicus brevipilosus
Tomicus minor
Tomicus yunnanensis

label: Hosts

partners:
Fusarium incarnatum
Aspergillus niger
Botryodiplodia
Fusarium fujikuroi
Penicillium
Pestalotia
Phoma

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

published_in: Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. n.s., 6: 8


slug: pinus-koraiensis

scientific: Pinus koraiensis

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: koraiensis

preferred: Korean Pine

english:
Korean Pine
Chinese pinenut

Apinus koraiensis

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Moldenke

Pinus cembra var. excelsa

authorship: Maxim. ex Rupr.

Pinus cembra var. mandschurica

authorship: (Rupr.) Carrière

Pinus koraiensis subsp. prokoraiensis

authorship: (Y.T.Zhao, J.M.Lu & A.G.Gu) Silba

Pinus mandschurica

authorship: Rupr.

Pinus prokoraiensis

authorship: Y.T.Zhao, J.M.Lu & A.G.Gu

Pinus strobus

authorship: Thunb.

codes: AMU JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 541 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Korean Pine
Chinese Pinenut

names: 松节 海松子

names:
Корейский кедр
Сосна корейская

names: chōsen-goyō chōsen-matsu

names:
Pin blanc de Corée
Pin de Corée

names: Channamu jatnamu

names:
Koreai cirbolya
koreai selyemfenyő

partners:
Aguriahana sichotana
Ainoptyelus nigroscutellatus
Bathysmatophorus shabliovskii
Callosciurus erythraeus
Coleoptera
Hebata abietis
Monochamus saltuarius
Ursus thibetanus

partners:
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Cenangium ferruginosum

label: Leaf retention

label: Life cycle


slug: pinus-krempfii

scientific: Pinus krempfii

authorship: Lecomte

epithet: krempfii

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 191. (1921)

preferred: Krempf's Pine

Ducampopinus krempfii

authorship: (Lecomte) A.Chev.

names: Сосна Кремпфа

names:
Thông lá det
Thong La Det

authors: Lecomte

published_in: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 191


slug: pinus-lambertiana

scientific: Pinus lambertiana

authorship: Douglas

epithet: lambertiana

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 15: 500. (1827)

preferred: sugar pine

english:
sugar pine
Sugar Pine

Pinus lambertiana subsp. martirensis

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus lambertiana var. martirensis

authorship: Silba

Pinus lambertiana var. minor

authorship: Lemmon

Strobus lambertiana

authorship: (Douglas) Moldenke

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1956 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Pinus monticola

slug: pinus-monticola

species: Pinus strobus

slug: pinus-strobus

names:
Sugar Pine
California Sugar Pine

names: 巨松 糖松

names: Сосна Ламберта

names: nagami-matsu サトウマツ

names: Zucker-Kiefer Zuckerkiefer

names:
Pin à sucre
Pin à sucre, Pin de Lambert

partners:
Coloradia pandora
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Sciurus griseus

partners:
Buprestis aurulenta
Buprestis laeviventris
Chrysobothris carinipennis
Chrysobothris dolata
Chrysobothris semisculpta
Chrysophana placida
Cronartium ribicola
Macromesus americanus

partners:
Cylindrocladium
Fusarium graminearum
Fusarium oxysporum
Mucor
Penicillium
Rhizopus

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

label: Growth rate


slug: pinus-lawsonii

scientific: Pinus lawsonii

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

epithet: lawsonii

published_in: Pinetum Suppl.: 64. (1862)

preferred: Lawson's Pine

Pinus altamiranoi

authorship: Shaw

Pinus lawsonii subsp. gracilis

authorship: (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Silba

Pinus lawsonii var. gracilis

authorship: Debreczy & I.Rácz

codes: MXC MXG MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Eaten by

authors: Roezl ex Gordon

published_in: Pinetum Suppl. 64


slug: pinus-leiophylla

scientific: Pinus leiophylla

authorship: Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.

epithet: leiophylla

preferred: Chihuahua Pine

english:
Chihuahua Pine
Chihuahuan pine
Smooth-leaved Pine

Pinus cedrus

authorship: Roezl

Pinus chihuahuana

authorship: Engelm.

Pinus comonfortii var. gracilis

authorship: (Roezl) Carrière

Pinus leiophylla subsp. chihuahuana

authorship: (Engelm.) A.E.Murray

Pinus lumholtzii var. microphylla

authorship: Carvajal

Pinus ocotechino

authorship: Roezl ex Parl.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 281 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chihuahuan pine
Chihuahua Pine

names:
Pino Chino
Palo Otomite

names: 平滑叶松 滑葉松

partners:
Microcentrus nicholi
Scalmophorus minutus
Conophthorus conicolens
Conophthorus ponderosae
Neocoelidia teretis
Oiketicus townsendi
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha
Streblote aculeata

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS


slug: pinus-longaeva

scientific: Pinus longaeva

epithet: longaeva

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 243. (1971)

preferred: Bristlecone Pine

english:
Bristlecone Pine
Great Basin Bristlecone Pine
Great Basin bristlecone pine
Intermountain Bristlecone Pine

source: wikidata

Pinus aristata subsp. longaeva

authorship: (D.K.Bailey) A.E.Murray

Pinus aristata var. longaeva

authorship: (D.K.Bailey) Little

codes: CAL NEV UTA

Utah

code: UTA

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2012 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 刺果松 毛松

names:
Сосна долговечная
Сосна остистая межгорная

names:
Langlebige Grannen-Kiefer
Westliche Grannen-Kiefer

names:
Pin Bristlecone
Pin de Bristlecone

names: کاج زبرمیوه غربی

names: Сосна довговічна

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 243, fig


slug: pinus-lumholtzii

scientific: Pinus lumholtzii

authorship: B.L.Rob. & Fernald

epithet: lumholtzii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 30: 122. (1895)

preferred: Lumholtz's Pine

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MXE MXN MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 158 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Near Threatened

names:
Ocote
Pino Triste

authors: B.L.Rob. & Fernald

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 30: 122


slug: pinus-luzmariae

scientific: Pinus luzmariae

authorship: Pérez de la Rosa

epithet: luzmariae

published_in: Bol. Inst. Bot. (Guadalajara) 5: 127. (1998)

Pinus oocarpa var. trifoliata

authorship: Martínez

codes: MXE MXS HON

Honduras

code: HON

region: Central America

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Pino Chino
Pino Trompillo de Tres Hojas

label: Life form

published_in: Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 127, fig


slug: pinus-massoniana

scientific: Pinus massoniana

authorship: Lamb.

epithet: massoniana

preferred: Masson's Pine

english:
Chinese Red Pine
Chinese red pine
Masson's Pine

Pinus argyi

authorship: Lemée & H.Lév.

Pinus canaliculata

authorship: Miq.

Pinus crassicorticea

authorship: Y.C.Zhong & K.X.Huang

Pinus massoniana subsp. hainanensis

authorship: (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba

Pinus massoniana var. planiceps

authorship: A.Murray bis ex Mast.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 168 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

label: Least Concern

names:
Masson's Pine
Chinese Red Pine

names:
马尾松
Ma wei song

partners:
Dendrolimus kikuchii
Dendrolimus punctata
Dendrolimus tabulaeformis
Lepus sinensis
Monochamus alternatus
Monochamus saltuarius

partners:
Allocricellius massonianae
Aprostocetus massonianae
Aprostocetus pinus
Callimomoides monochaphagae
Encarsia amicula
Mesocomys albitarsis
Monodontomerus minor
Pediobius abraxasis

authors: Lamb.

published_in: Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 1: t. 12


slug: pinus-maximartinezii

scientific: Pinus maximartinezii

authorship: Rzed.

epithet: maximartinezii

preferred: Big-cone Pinyon

english:
Big-cone Pinyon
Martinez Pinyon
maxipiñon

label: Endangered

names:
Big-cone Pinyon
Martinez Pinyon

names:
Pino Azul
Maxipiñon

names: pinheiro-de-zacatecas pinus

authors: Rzed.

published_in: Ciencia (Mexico) 23: 17


slug: pinus-maximinoi

scientific: Pinus maximinoi

epithet: maximinoi

preferred: Thin-leaf Pine

Pinus douglasiana var. maximinoi

authorship: (H.E.Moore) Silba

Pinus escandoniana

authorship: Roezl

Pinus pseudostrobus var. tenuifolia

authorship: Shaw

Pinus tenuifolia

authorship: Benth.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Thin-leaf Pine
thinleaf pine

names:
Ocote
Pino Canís

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Woodiness

published_in: Baileya 14: 8


slug: pinus-merkusii

scientific: Pinus merkusii

authorship: Jungh. & de Vriese

epithet: merkusii

preferred: Sumatran Pine

english:
Merkus pine
Merkus's Pine
Mindoro Pine
Sumatran Pine

Pinus finlaysoniana

authorship: Wall. ex Blume

Pinus merkusii subsp. ustulata

authorship: Businsky

Pinus sumatrana

authorship: Mirb.

Pinus ustulata

authorship: (Businsky) Businsky

codes: PHI SUM

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sumatran Pine
Merkus Pine

names:
nan ya song
南亞松

names:
Merkus Kiefer
Merkus' Kiefer

names:
Damar Batu
Damar Bunga

partners:
Pyrops lathburii
Chalioides
Dioryctria abietella
Dioryctria rubella
Dioryctria sylvestrella
Eumeta variegatus
Lecithocera
Milionia basalis

partners:
Aspergillus
Cephalosporium
Fusarium equiseti
Fusarium fujikuroi
Fusarium incarnatum
Fusarium solani
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Macrophomina phaseolina

label: Growth habit

source: GIFT

authors: Jungh. & de Vriese

published_in: Pl. Nov. Ind. Bat. Or. 5. t. 2


slug: pinus-monophylla

scientific: Pinus monophylla

authorship: Torr. & Frém.

epithet: monophylla

published_in: Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts. 319. (1845)

preferred: singleleaf pinyon

english:
singleleaf pinyon
One-leaved Nut Pine
Single Leaf Pinyon Pine

Caryopitys monophylla

authorship: (Torr. & Frém.) Rydb.

Pinus californiarum subsp. fallax

authorship: (Little) D.K.Bailey

Pinus cembroides subsp. monophylla

authorship: (Torr. & Frém.) A.E.Murray

Pinus cembroides var. monophylla

authorship: (Torr. & Frém.) Voss

Pinus edulis var. fallax

authorship: Little

Pinus edulis var. monophylla

authorship: (Torr. & Frém.) Torr.

Pinus fallax

authorship: (Little) Businsky

Pinus fremontiana

authorship: Endl.

Pinus monophylla subsp. californiarum

authorship: (D.K.Bailey) Silba

Pinus monophylla subsp. fallax

authorship: (Little) Silba

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ARI CAL IDA MXN NEV UTA

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1976 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Juniperus osteosperma

slug: juniperus-osteosperma

names:
piñón
piñón simple

partners:
Okanagana magnifica
Alectoris chukar
Cinara anelia
Cinara edulis
Eucopina bobana
Ips confusus
Neotamias obscurus
Patagioenas fasciata

label: Parasites

partners:
Chrysophana placida
Dibrachys
Entedon ernobii

label: Height

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: pinus-montezumae

scientific: Pinus montezumae

authorship: Lamb.

epithet: montezumae

preferred: Montezuma Pine

english:
Montezuma Pine
Rough-branched Mexican Pine

Pinus antoineana

authorship: Roezl

Pinus backhousiana

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

Pinus endlicheriana var. richardiana

authorship: (Roezl) Carrière

Pinus gordoniana

authorship: Hartw. ex Gordon

Pinus montezumae f. macrocarpa

authorship: Martínez

Pinus montezumae subsp. gordoniana

authorship: (Hartw. ex Gordon) Silba

Pinus montezumae subsp. lindleyi

authorship: (Loudon) Silba

Pinus montezumae subsp. macrocarpa

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Pinus montezumae subsp. mezambrana

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus montezumae var. lindleyi

authorship: Loudon

Pinus montezumae var. mezambrana

authorship: Silba

Pinus occidentalis

authorship: Kunth

Pinus pseudostrobus

authorship: Gordon

Pinus russelliana

authorship: Lindl.

Pinus tenangaensis var. longifolia

authorship: Carrière

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 163 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ocoaxo cardonai
Apolychrosis synchysis
Argyrotaenia montezumae
Conophthorus conicolens
Conophthorus ponderosae
Eucosma sp.
Hesperiphona vespertina montana
Rhynchopsitta terrisi

partners:
Dinotiscus dendroctoni
Megastigmus albifrons


scientific: Pinus monticola

authorship: Douglas ex D.Don

epithet: monticola

preferred: western white pine

english:
western white pine
Western White Pine

Pinus monticola f. porphyrocarpa

authorship: (A.Murray bis) P.Landry

Pinus monticola var. digitata

authorship: Lemmon

Pinus monticola var. porphyrocarpa

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Mast.

Pinus porphyrocarpa

authorship: A.Murray bis

Pinus strobus subsp. monticola

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) A.E.Murray

Pinus strobus var. monticola

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) Nutt.

Strobus monticola

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) Rydb.

codes: ABT BRC CAL IDA MNT NEV ORE WAS

Alberta

code: ABT

British Columbia

code: BRC

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1966 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Pinus lambertiana

names:
western white pine
California mountain pine

names: 加州五针松 美西白松

names: صنوبر أليف الجبال

names:
Сосна айдахская белая
Сосна белая западная

names: モンチコラマツ モンティコーラマツ

names:
Murray-Kiefer
Westliche Weymouth-Kiefer

names:
Pin blanc des montagnes, Pin argenté
pin argenté

names: Сосна гірська веймутова

partners:
Argyrotaenia tabulana
Caripeta aequaliaria
Cydia piperana
Dasychira grisefacta
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Dioryctria monticolella
Ectropis crepuscularia
Enypia packardata

partners:
Cronartium ribicola
Asaphes hirsutus
Chrysophana placida
Megastigmus
Melanophila acuminata

partners:
Coniferiporia weirii
Cronartium ribicola
Meloderma desmazieri
Pucciniales

published_in: Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 3. 2: unnumbered page between 144 & 145


slug: pinus-morrisonicola

scientific: Pinus morrisonicola

authorship: Hayata

epithet: morrisonicola

preferred: Taiwan White Pine

Pinus hayatana

authorship: Businsky

Pinus parviflora var. morrisonicola

authorship: (Hayata) C.L.Wu

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾五针松 台灣五葉松

names: アリサンゴヨウ タイワンゴヨウマツ

authors: Hayata

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 43: 194, sphalm


slug: pinus-mugo

scientific: Pinus mugo

authorship: Turra

epithet: mugo

published_in: Giorn. Italia Sci. Nat. 1: 152. (1764)

preferred: mountain pine

english:
mountain pine
Mountain Pine
mugo pine

Pinus applanata

authorship: (Booth ex Loudon) Willk.

Pinus digenea

authorship: Wettst.

Pinus fischeri

authorship: Booth ex P.Lawson

Pinus magellensis

authorship: Schouw

Pinus montana

authorship: Mill.

Pinus montana f. slavinii

authorship: Hornibr.

Pinus montana subsp. arborea

authorship: (Tubeuf) Hegi

Pinus montana subsp. mughus

authorship: (Scop.) Willk.

Pinus montana subsp. prostrata

authorship: (Tubeuf) Willk.

Pinus montana subsp. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) Čelak

Pinus montana var. applanata

authorship: (Willk.) Willk.

Pinus montana var. arborea

authorship: Tubeuf

Pinus montana var. centrapedunculata

authorship: (Woerl.) Woerl.

Pinus montana var. gibba

authorship: (Willk.) H.Christ

Pinus montana var. impressa

authorship: (Hartig ex Willk.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Pinus montana var. mughus

authorship: (Scop.) Gremli

Pinus montana var. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) Spach

Pinus montana var. pyramidalis

authorship: Schröt.

Pinus mugho

authorship: Laichard.

Pinus mughus

authorship: Scop.

Pinus mughus f. applanata

authorship: (Willk.) Beck

Pinus mughus f. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) Hayek

Pinus mughus var. bicolor

authorship: Hartig ex Willk.

Pinus mughus var. decumbens

authorship: Grab.

Pinus mughus var. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) K.Koch

authorship: (Haenke) Beck

Pinus mugo f. applanata

authorship: (Willk.) K.I.Chr.

Pinus mugo f. compacta

authorship: (D.Hill) Rehder

Pinus mugo f. slavinii

authorship: (Hornibr.) Rehder

Pinus mugo subsp. mughus

authorship: (Scop.) Domin

Pinus mugo subsp. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) Franco

Pinus mugo var. arborea

authorship: (Tubeuf) Hyl.

Pinus mugo var. mughus

authorship: (Scop.) Zenari

Pinus mugo var. nana

authorship: Loudon ex Gordon

Pinus mugo var. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) Zenari

authorship: (Haenke) Domin

Pinus obliqua var. centrapedunculata

authorship: Woerl.

Pinus pumilio

authorship: Haenke

authorship: (Turra) Franco

Pinus pumilio var. applanata

authorship: Willk.

Pinus pumilio var. fischeri

authorship: Booth ex Loudon

Pinus pumilio var. nasuta

authorship: Beck

Pinus pumilio var. oblongata

authorship: Ten.

Pinus pumilio var. rubriflora

authorship: Loudon

Pinus squamosa

authorship: Bosc ex Loudon

Pinus sylvestris var. montana

authorship: (Mill.) Aiton

Pinus sylvestris var. mugho

authorship: Chaix ex Vill.

Pinus sylvestris var. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) Gaudin

Pinus uncinata var. pumilio

authorship: (Haenke) Mathieu

Pinus wettsteinii

authorship: Fritsch

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA GER ITA YUG POL ROM SWI UKR

Albania

code: ALB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2015 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

D-limonene

activities:
Antiacetylcholinesterase
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Gastric)
Antimelanomic
Antitumor (Breast)
Antitumor (Gastric)
Antitumor-Promoter
Apoptotic

Pinocembrin

activities: Anesthetic Antibacterial Antileukemic Antiseptic Artemicide Candidicide Cytotoxic Fungicide

Myrcene

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic Antibacterial Anticonvulsant Antimutagenic Antinitrosaminic

Arabinogalactan

activities: Anticomplementary Antileishmanic Immunostimulant Interferonogenic Mitogenic Phagocytotic

Cuminaldehyde

activities: Antibacterial FLavor Fungicide Irritant Larvicide Perfumery Pesticide Sedative

Bornyl-acetate

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Antibacterial Antifeedant Antispasmodic Antiviral Expectorant FLavor

Pinosylvin

activities: Antibacterial Antifeedant Fungicide Pesticide Phytoalexin

Alpha-phellandrene

activities: Antibacterial Antistaphylococcic Dermal Emetic FLavor Fungicide Insectiphile Irritant

activities: Allergenic? Antibacterial Antiinflammatory Dermatitigenic FLavor Insectifuge Irritant Pesticide

names: Сосна гірська

partners:
Aguriahana germari
Grypotes puncticollis
Jassargus dentatus
Epipyga cribrata
Hoplopleura exima
Hoplopleura spicula
Lophodermium conigenum
Monochamus galloprovincialis

partners:
Cyclaneusma minus
Fusarium circinatum
Gremmeniella abietina
Lecanosticta acicola
Mycosphaerella pini
Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii


slug: pinus-muricata

scientific: Pinus muricata

epithet: muricata

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 441. (1837)

preferred: Bishop Pine

english:
Bishop Pine
Bishop pine
Swamp Pine

Pinus edgariana

authorship: Hartw.

Pinus muricata f. remorata

authorship: (H.Mason) Hoover

Pinus muricata subsp. anthonyi

authorship: (Lemmon) A.E.Murray

Pinus muricata subsp. borealis

authorship: (Axelrod ex Farjon) Silba

Pinus muricata subsp. remorata

authorship: (H.Mason) A.E.Murray

Pinus muricata subsp. stantonii

authorship: (Axelrod ex Farjon) Axelrod ex Silba

Pinus muricata var. anthonyi

authorship: Lemmon

Pinus muricata var. borealis

authorship: Axelrod ex Farjon

Pinus muricata var. remorata

authorship: (H.Mason) Silba

Pinus muricata var. stantonii

authorship: Axelrod

Pinus radiata var. binata

authorship: (Engelm.) Brewer & S.Watson

codes: CAL MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 874 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Vulnerable

names:
Bishop Pine
Prickle-Cone Pine

partners:
Egira baueri
Incisalia eryphon
Oligonychus subnudus
Sitta pygmaea
Zermizinga indocilisaria

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

label: Foliage colour


slug: pinus-nelsonii

scientific: Pinus nelsonii

authorship: Shaw

epithet: nelsonii

preferred: Nelson Pinyon Pine

english:
Nelson Pinyon Pine
Nelson's Pine

names:
Nelson Pinyon Pine
Nelson's Pine

names: Pino piñonero de la Sierra Madre Oriental

names: صنوبر نلسوني

names: Сосна Нельсона

authors: Shaw

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 36: 122

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: pinus-nigra

scientific: Pinus nigra

epithet: nigra

published_in: Reise Mariazell Steyerm. 8. (1785)

preferred: Black Pine

english:
Black Pine
European Black Pine
European black pine
black pine
Austrian pine

Abies marylandica

authorship: Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.

Pinus altissima

authorship: Carrière

Pinus austriaca

authorship: Höss

Pinus austriaca var. pendula

authorship: (hort. ex Carrière) Zederb.

Pinus banatica

authorship: (Georgescu & Ionescu) Georgescu & Ionescu

Pinus calabrica

authorship: Gordon

Pinus caramanica

authorship: Bosc ex Loudon

Pinus clusiana

authorship: Clemente

Pinus clusiana subsp. mauretanica

authorship: (Maire & Peyerimh.) Maire

Pinus clusiana var. corsicana

authorship: (Loudon) Franco

Pinus corsica var. pendula

authorship: (hort. ex Carrière) J.Nelson

Pinus corsicana

authorship: Loudon

Pinus dalmatica

authorship: Vis.

Pinus fenzleyi

authorship: Antoine & Kotschy ex Carrière

Pinus italica

authorship: Herter

Pinus karamana

authorship: Mast.

Pinus laricio

authorship: Poir.

Pinus laricio subsp. austriaca

authorship: (Höss) Endl.

Pinus laricio subsp. calabrica

authorship: (Loudon) Cesca & Peruzzi

Pinus laricio subsp. pallasiana

authorship: (Lamb.) K.Richt.

Pinus laricio subsp. salzmannii

authorship: (Dunal) K.Richt.

Pinus laricio var. angustisquama

authorship: Willk.

Pinus laricio var. austriaca

authorship: (Höss) Loudon

Pinus laricio var. cebennensis

authorship: Godr.

Pinus laricio var. corsica

authorship: Mouill.

Pinus laricio var. magellensis

authorship: Endl.

Pinus laricio var. monspeliensis

authorship: Lavallée

Pinus laricio var. nigricans

authorship: (Host) Parl.

Pinus laricio var. pallasiana

authorship: (Lamb.) Endl.

Pinus laricio var. pendula

authorship: hort. ex Carrière

Pinus laricio var. poiretiana

authorship: Antoine

Pinus laricio var. prostrata

authorship: Beissn.

Pinus laricio var. pyrenaica

authorship: (Lapeyr.) Loudon

Pinus laricio var. tenuifolia

authorship: Parl.

Pinus maritima subsp. dalmatica

authorship: (Vis.) O.Schwartz

Pinus mauretanica

authorship: (Maire & Peyerimh.) Gaussen

authorship: (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood

Pinus nigra

authorship: Link

Pinus nigra f. hornibrookiana

authorship: Slavin

Pinus nigra f. leucodermoides

authorship: Fukarek & M.Nikolic

Pinus nigra f. moseri

authorship: (J.J.Moser) Rehder

Pinus nigra f. pendula

authorship: (hort. ex Carrière) Voss

Pinus nigra f. poiretiana

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

Pinus nigra f. prostrata

authorship: (Beissn.) Rehder

Pinus nigra f. pygmaea

authorship: (hort. ex Carrière) Rehder

Pinus nigra f. seneriana

authorship: (Saatçioğlu) Kandemir & Mataracı

Pinus nigra subsp. calabrica

authorship: (Loudon) A.E.Murray

Pinus nigra subsp. caramanica

authorship: (Loudon) Businsky

Pinus nigra subsp. clusiana

authorship: (Clemente) Rivas Mart.

Pinus nigra subsp. croatica

authorship: Lovrić

Pinus nigra subsp. fenzleyi

authorship: (Antoine & Kotschy ex Carrière) Franco

Pinus nigra var. angustisquama

authorship: (Willk.) E.Laguna

Pinus nigra var. austriaca

authorship: (Höss) Badoux

Pinus nigra var. banatica

authorship: Georgescu & Ionescu

Pinus nigra var. calabrica

authorship: (Loudon) C.K.Schneid.

Pinus nigra var. caramanica

authorship: (Loudon) Rehder

Pinus nigra var. cebennensis

authorship: (Godr.) Rehder

Pinus nigra var. columnaris-pendula

authorship: Boydak

Pinus nigra var. corsicana

authorship: (Loudon) Hyl.

Pinus nigra var. dalmatica

authorship: (Vis.) Businsky

Pinus nigra var. fastigiata

authorship: Businsky

Pinus nigra var. gocensis

authorship: Georgev.

Pinus nigra var. leptophylla

authorship: (H.Christ) Asch. & Graebn.

Pinus nigra var. maritima

authorship: (Aiton) Melville

Pinus nigra var. mauretanica

authorship: Maire & Peyerimh.

Pinus nigra var. monspeliensis

authorship: (Lavallée) A.E.Murray

authorship: (Lavallée) Slavin

Pinus nigra var. pallasiana

authorship: (Lamb.) Asch. & Graebn.

Pinus nigra var. poiretiana

authorship: (Asch. & Graebn.) C.K.Schneid.

Pinus nigra var. pyramidata

authorship: (hort. ex Carrière) Fitschen

Pinus nigra var. salzmannii

authorship: (Dunal) E.Laguna

Pinus nigra var. seneriana

authorship: Saatçioğlu

Pinus nigra var. tenuifolia

authorship: (Parl.) C.K.Schneid.

Pinus nigra var. yaltirikiana

authorship: Alptekin

Pinus nigricans

authorship: Host

Pinus nigrra var. salzmannii

authorship: (Dunal) Laguna Lumbreras

Pinus pallasiana

authorship: Lamb.

Pinus pallasiana subsp. caramanica

authorship: (Loudon) B.Slavík

codes: ALG MOR CYP EAI NCS TUR ALB AUT BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRY YUG ROM SIC SPA TUE

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Сосна чёрная

names: Кримська сосна

partners:
Anungitea continua
Crumenulopsis sororia
Dacrymyces variisporus
Dendrodochium pinastri
Leptoglossus occidentalis
Phlebiopsis gigantea
Sciurus vulgaris
Strasseria geniculata

partners:
Atropellis
Bursaphelenchus
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Cyclaneusma minus
Diplodia sapinea
Dothistroma septosporum
Fusarium circinatum
Lecanosticta acicola

published_in: Reise nach Mariazell in Steyerm. 8 et tab. (1785)


slug: pinus-occidentalis

scientific: Pinus occidentalis

authorship: Sw.

epithet: occidentalis

published_in: Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 103. (1788)

preferred: Hispaniolan Pine

english:
Hispaniolan Pine
Hispaniolan pine

Pinus occidentalis subsp. baorucoensis

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus occidentalis var. baorucoensis

authorship: Silba

codes: DOM HAI

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

region: Caribbean

Haiti

code: HAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hispaniolan pine
West Indian pine

names: Cuaba Pino

names:
Bois chandelle
Bois pin

partners:
Loxia megaplaga
Sphyrapicus varius

label: Growth form

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Sw.

published_in: Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 103


slug: pinus-oocarpa

scientific: Pinus oocarpa

authorship: Schiede

epithet: oocarpa

preferred: Egg-cone Pine

english:
Egg-cone Pine
ocote chino

Pinus oocarpa subsp. manzanoi

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Pinus oocarpa var. manzanoi

authorship: Martínez

Pinus oocarpa var. oocarpoides

authorship: (Lindl. ex Loudon) Endl.

Pinus oocarpoides

authorship: Lindl. ex Loudon

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 233 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Egg-cone Pine
ocote chino

names:
Ocote
Pino Chino

names: 印果松 卵果松

partners:
Eutettix amixtlanus
Milionia basalis
Oiketicus townsendi
Pachypasa papyri
Rhyacionia frustrana

label: Pathogens

label: Hosts

partners:
Chaetomium
Fusarium fujikuroi
Fusarium solani
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Neopestalotiopsis foedans
Pestalotia
Phoma

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil


slug: pinus-palustris

scientific: Pinus palustris

authorship: Mill.

epithet: palustris

preferred: longleaf pine

english:
longleaf pine
Florida Pine
Georgia Pine
Longleaf Pine

source: inat

Pinus australis var. excelsa

authorship: (Booth ex J.Forbes) Carrière

Pinus australis var. filius

authorship: Michx.

Pinus longifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Pinus palmieri

authorship: Manetti ex Gordon

Pinus palustris var. excelsa

authorship: Booth ex J.Forbes

Pinus taeda var. palustris

authorship: (Mill.) Castigl.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1951 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

slug: pinus-ponderosa

species: Pinus resinosa

slug: pinus-resinosa

Beta-pinene

activities: Allergenic Antiinflammatory Antiseptic Antispasmodic Candidicide FLavor Herbicide Insectifuge

Dehydroabietic-acid

activities: Allergenic Antifeedant Pesticide Protisticide Schistosomicide

P-cymene

activities: Analgesic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antibacillary Antibacterial Antiflu Antirheumatalgic Antiviral FLavor

Dipentene

activities: Allergenic Antibacterial Antiviral Expectorant Irritant Pesticide Sedative

Sandaracopimaric-acid

activities: Juvabional Pesticide

Isopimaric-acid

activities: Antifeedant Pesticide

Beta-phellandrene

activities: Expectorant Fungicide Perfumery

Beta-myrcene

activities: Cancer-Preventive Perfumery

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
longleaf pine
Florida Pine

names: 长叶松 大王松

names: pinheiro pinheiro-amarelo

names: Сосна болотная

names: ダイオウマツ daiōshō

names: Sumpf-Kiefer Harzkiefer

names:
Pin des marais
pitchpin du Sud

label: Visited by

partners:
Anolis carolinensis
Catogenus rufus
Dryobates pubescens

partners:
Aguriahana pini
Anthus rubescens
Coleotechnites chilcotti
Coloradia pandora
Cydia ingens
Dioryctria abietella
Dioryctria amatella
Exoteleia pinifoliella

partners:
Buprestis africans
Buprestis decora
Buprestis lineata
Chalcophora georgiana
Chalcophora virginiensis
Chrysobothris cribraria
Coccophagus flavifrons
Dicerca spreta


slug: pinus-parviflora

scientific: Pinus parviflora

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: parviflora

preferred: Japanese White Pine

english:
Japanese White Pine
Japanese five needle pine
Japanese white pine
five-needle pine

Pinus cembra

authorship: Thunb.

Pinus himekomatsu

authorship: Miyabe & Kudô

Pinus mayrii

authorship: Zabel

Pinus parviflora f. glauca

authorship: Beissn.

Pinus parviflora subsp. pentaphylla

authorship: (Mayr) Businsky

Pinus parviflora subvar. todaiensis

authorship: Sugim.

Pinus pentaphylla

authorship: Mayr

Pinus pentaphylla var. himekomatsu

authorship: (Miyabe & Kudô) Makino

Strobus parviflora

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Moldenke

codes: JAP KOR KUR

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

names:
Japanese White Pine
Five-Needle Pine

names: 日本五針松 日本五针松

names: صنوبر صغير الأزهار

names: Сосна мелкоцветковая

names: Goyo-matsu Himeko-matsu

names: Mädchen-Kiefer Mädchenkiefer

names:
Pin blanc du Japon
Pin à cinq aiguilles

names:
Pino bianco del Giappone
pino bianco giapponese

names: seomjatnamu 섬잣나무

names: Pensel-Fyr Penselfyr

partners:
Aphrophora salicina
Conogethes punctiferalis
Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata
Hebata abietis
Hoplopleura johnsonae
Seokia pratti

partners:
Cronartium ribicola
Meloderma desmazieri
Pseudocercospora pini-densiflorae

authors: Siebold & Zucc.

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 2: 27, t. 115


slug: pinus-patula

scientific: Pinus patula

authorship: Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.

epithet: patula

preferred: Jelecote Pine

english:
Jelecote Pine
Mexican Weeping Pine
Mexican weeping pine
Patula Pine
Spreading-leaved Pine
Weeping Pine

Pinus longipedunculata

authorship: (Loock ex Martínez) Businsky

Pinus patula subsp. longipedunculata

authorship: (Loock ex Martínez) Silba

Pinus patula var. macrocarpa

authorship: Mast.

Pinus subpatula

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 640 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Jelecote Pine
Mexican Weeping Pine

names:
Ocote
Pino Triste

names: 垂枝松 垂葉松

names:
Pinheiro caído
pinho-patula

names:
Сосна мексиканская
Сосна поникшая

names: Pin pleureur du Mexique, Pin étalé, Pin Jelecote

partners:
Lymantria ninayi
Ocoaxo cardonai
Acunasus luteus
Alcis papuensis
Amphicallia bellatrix
Ariathisa semiluna
Aroa melanoleuca
Bassania schreiteri

partners:
Brachymeria
Candidatus Phytoplasma sp.

partners:
Fusarium circinatum
Fusarium oxysporum
Ralstonia solanacearum

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Leaf retention

label: Life cycle


slug: pinus-peuce

scientific: Pinus peuce

authorship: Griseb.

epithet: peuce

preferred: Macedonian Pine

english:
Macedonian Pine
Balkan pine

Pinus excelsa var. peuce

authorship: (Griseb.) Beissn.

Strobus peuce

authorship: (Griseb.) Moldenke

codes: ALB BUL GRC YUG

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 125 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Near Threatened

names:
Macedonian Pine
Balkan pine

names: 巴爾幹松 希臘石松

names: Сосна румелийская

names:
Rumelische Kiefer
Balkankiefer

names:
Pin de Macédoine
Pin des Balkans

names:
pino della Macedonia
pino di Macedonia

names:
Balkanden
Macedonische den

names: Сосна румелійська

names: Βαλκανικό πεύκο

names: makedonianmänty peuke

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Meloderma desmazieri
Ramichloridium pini

authors: Griseb.


slug: pinus-pinaster

scientific: Pinus pinaster

authorship: Aiton

epithet: pinaster

preferred: Maritime Pine

english:
Maritime Pine
maritime pine

Pinus detritis

authorship: Carrière

Pinus escarena

authorship: Risso

Pinus glomerata

authorship: Salisb.

Pinus halepensis var. maritima

authorship: DC.

Pinus hamiltonii

authorship: Ten.

Pinus laricio

authorship: Savi

Pinus lemoniana

authorship: Benth.

Pinus maghrebiana

authorship: (Villar) Rivas Mart., Molero Mesa, Marfil & G.Benítez

Pinus maritima

authorship: Lam.

Pinus maritima var. major

authorship: Loisel.

Pinus mesogeensis

authorship: Fieschi & Gaussen

Pinus minor

authorship: Loudon

Pinus monspeliensis

authorship: Salzm. ex Duval-Jouve

Pinus neglecta

authorship: H.Low ex Gordon

Pinus nova-zelandica

authorship: Lodd. ex G.Don

Pinus pinaster subsp. acutisquama

authorship: (Boiss.) Rivas Mart., Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle

Pinus pinaster subsp. hamiltonii

authorship: (Ten.) Villar

Pinus pinaster subsp. prolifera

authorship: (Parl.) K.Richt.

Pinus pinaster var. acutisquama

authorship: Boiss.

Pinus pinaster var. escarena

authorship: (Risso) Loudon

Pinus pinaster var. hamiltonii

authorship: (Ten.) Lindl. & Gordon

Pinus pinaster var. iberica

authorship: Villar

Pinus pinaster var. lemoniana

authorship: (Benth.) Loudon

Pinus pinaster var. mesogeensis

authorship: (Fieschi & Gaussen) Silba

Pinus pinaster var. minor

authorship: (Loisel.) Carrière

Pinus pinaster var. prolifera

authorship: Parl.

Pinus renoui

authorship: (Villar) Gaussen

Pinus sancta-helenica

authorship: Loudon ex Carrière

Pinus scarina

authorship: Steud.

Pinus syrtica

authorship: Thore

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2060 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
maritime pine
Atlantic Maritime Pine

names:
Pino Gallego
Pino Resinero

names:
海岸松
hai an song

names: Pinheiro-bravo pinheiro-marítimo

names:
Pin des landes
Pin maritime

names:
Pinastro
Pino Marittimo

names:
Pinwydden arfor
Pinwydd Arfor

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Cixidia marginicollis
Cixidia sikaniae
Erythria ferrarii
Grypotes puncticollis
Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Bupalus piniaria
Cicada barbara barbara
Cicada barbara lusitanica

partners:
Anastatus bifasciatus
Baryscapus servadeii
Coleosporium tussilaginis
Cronartium flaccidum
Eusandalum coronatum
Melampsora populnea
Metacolus unifasciatus
Metaphycus hubai

partners:
Atropellis
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Diplodia
Diplodia sapinea
Fusarium circinatum
Gremmeniella abietina
Melampsora pinitorqua
Sydowia polyspora


slug: pinus-pinceana

scientific: Pinus pinceana

authorship: Gordon

epithet: pinceana

preferred: Pince's Pinyon Pine

english:
Pince's Pinyon Pine
Weeping Pinyon Pine

Pinus latisquama

authorship: Engelm.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Pince's Pinyon Pine
Weeping Pinyon Pine

names:
Piñon
Pino piñonero-llorón

label: Eaten by

label: Life form

authors: Gordon & Glend.

published_in: Pinetum 204


slug: pinus-pinea

scientific: Pinus pinea

authorship: L.

epithet: pinea

preferred: Stone Pine

english:
Italian Stone Pine
Stone Pine
Umbrella Pine
Italian stone pine

Apinus pinea

authorship: (L.) Neck. ex Rydb.

authorship: (L.) Neck.

Pinea esculenta

authorship: (L.) Opiz

Pinea massoniana

authorship: (Lamb.) Opiz

Pinus aracanensis

authorship: Knight ex Gordon

Pinus arctica

authorship: Carrière

Pinus esculenta

authorship: Opiz

Pinus fastuosa

authorship: Salisb.

Pinus maderiensis

authorship: Ten.

Pinus pinea var. maderiensis

authorship: (Ten.) Carrière

Pinus sativa

authorship: Garsault

codes: CYP EAI LBS TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SIC SPA

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2049 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

Phytosterols

activities: Antiprostatotic Hypocholesterolemic

names:
Stone Pine
Italian Stone Pine

names:
Pinhero Manso
pinheiro-da-itália

names: Pinie Schirmkiefer

names:
Pin parasol
Pin parasol, Pin pignon, Pin d'Italie

names:
Pino Domestico
Pino da Pinoli

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Aegithalos caudatus
Bombus terrestris
Chrysoperla carnea
Cynthia cardui
Harmonia axyridis
Leptotes pirithous
Osmia bicornis
Osmia uncinata

partners:
Aegithalos caudatus
Columba palumbus
Crematogaster scutellaris
Periparus ater
Picus sharpei
Scantius aegyptius
Vanessa cardui

partners:
Callosciurus erythraeus
Cicada orni
Clavigesta sylvestrana
Sparganothis pilleriana
Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana
Zeiraphera rufimitrana
Acanthocinus aedilis

partners:
Fusarium circinatum
Lecanosticta acicola

label: Growth habit


scientific: Pinus ponderosa

authorship: Douglas ex C.Lawson

epithet: ponderosa

preferred: Western Ponderosa Pine

english:
Western Ponderosa Pine
Ponderosa Pine
Western Yellow Pine
bull pine
ponderosa pine
western yellow pine

Pinus beardsleyi

authorship: A.Murray bis

Pinus benthamiana

authorship: Hartw.

Pinus engelmannii

authorship: Torr.

Pinus jeffreyi var. ambigua

authorship: Lemmon

Pinus nootkatensis

authorship: Manetti ex Gordon

Pinus ponderosa f. crispata

authorship: Schwer.

Pinus ponderosa f. pendula

authorship: (Hook.f. ex H.W.Sarg.) Rehder

Pinus ponderosa subsp. benthamiana

authorship: (Hartw.) Silba

Pinus ponderosa subsp. brachyptera

authorship: (Engelm.) Silba

authorship: (Engelm.) Callaham

Pinus ponderosa subsp. critchfieldiana

authorship: Callaham

Pinus ponderosa subsp. scopulorum

authorship: (Engelm.) A.E.Murray

authorship: (Engelm.) W.A.Weber

Pinus ponderosa subsp. washoensis

authorship: (H.Mason & Stockw.) A.E.Murray

Pinus ponderosa var. benthamiana

authorship: (Hartw.) Vasey

Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera

authorship: (Engelm.) Lemmon

Pinus ponderosa var. nana

authorship: Beissn.

Pinus ponderosa var. nigricans

authorship: (Lemmon) Lemmon

Pinus ponderosa var. parryana

authorship: (Gordon) Rob.

Pinus ponderosa var. pendula

authorship: Hook.f. ex H.W.Sarg.

Pinus ponderosa var. washoensis

authorship: (H.Mason & Stockw.) J.R.Haller & Vivrette

Pinus washoensis

authorship: H.Mason & Stockw.

codes: ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXN MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL ORE SDA UTA WAS WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Oregon

code: ORE

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1989 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Сосна жёлтая

names: Pin ponderosa, Pin jaune, Pin à bois lourd

names: Πεύκη η βαριά

partners:
Camponotus vicinus
Chionaspis pinifoliae
Colaptes auratus
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Corvus corax
Cycloneda polita
Erethizon dorsatus
Falco sparverius

partners:
Clastoptera doeringae
Coloradia pandora
Diceroprocta eugraphica
Neophasia menapia
Nucifraga columbiana
Rhyacionia buoliana
Tibicinoides hesperia
Anavitrinella pampinaria

partners: Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. cyanocarpum

partners:
Alternaria alternata
Aspergillus
Aureobasidium pullulans
Botrytis cinerea
Cephalosporium
Chaetomium
Cladosporium cucumerinum
Fusarium oxysporum


slug: pinus-praetermissa

scientific: Pinus praetermissa

authorship: Styles & McVaugh

epithet: praetermissa

published_in: Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 310. (1990)

Pinus oocarpa var. microphylla

authorship: Shaw

codes: MXN MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

names:
McVaugh's pine
Pino Chino

names: Pino Ocote

label: Woodiness

authors: Styles & McVaugh

published_in: Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 310, fig. 2


slug: pinus-pringlei

scientific: Pinus pringlei

epithet: pringlei

preferred: Pringle's Pine

codes: MXC MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

names: Ocote Escobetón


slug: pinus-pseudostrobus

scientific: Pinus pseudostrobus

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: pseudostrobus

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25 (Misc.): 63. (1839)

preferred: False Weymouth Pine

english:
False Weymouth Pine
Smooth-bark Mexican Pine

Pinus angulata

authorship: Roezl

Pinus astecaensis

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

Pinus coatepecensis

authorship: (Martínez) Gaussen

Pinus estevezii

authorship: (Martínez) J.P.Perry

Pinus oaxacana

authorship: Mirov

Pinus oaxacana var. diversiformis

authorship: Debreczy & I.Rácz

Pinus orizabae

authorship: Gordon

Pinus protuberans var. angulata

authorship: (Roezl) Carrière

Pinus pseudostrobus f. megacarpus

authorship: Loock

Pinus pseudostrobus f. protuberans

authorship: Martínez

Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. apulcensis

authorship: (Lindl.) Stead

name: Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. coatepecensis

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. laubenfelsii

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. nubicola

authorship: (J.P.Perry) Silba

Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. oaxacana

authorship: (Mirov) Silba

Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. yecorensis

authorship: (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Silba

Pinus pseudostrobus var. laubenfelsii

authorship: Silba

Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana

authorship: (Mirov) S.G.Harrison

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ELS GUA HON

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 403 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pino Blanco
Pino Chalmaite

names: 假球松 滑皮松

partners:
Conophthorus conicolens
Conophthorus ponderosae
Ocoaxo assimilis
Rhyacionia frustrana


slug: pinus-pumila

scientific: Pinus pumila

authorship: (Parl.) Regel

epithet: pumila

preferred: Dwarf Siberian Pine

english:
Dwarf Siberian Pine
Dwarf Stone Pine
Japanese stone pine
Siberian dwarf pine
creeping pine
dwarf Siberian pine

Pinus cembra subsp. pumila

authorship: (Parl.) Endl.

Pinus cembra var. pumila

authorship: Parl.

Pinus cembra var. pygmaea

authorship: Loudon

Pinus nana

authorship: Lemée & H.Lév.

Pinus pumila f. auriamentata

authorship: Y.N.Lee ex Regel

Pinus pumila var. mongolica

authorship: Nakai

codes: AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KHA KOR KUR MAG CHM MON PRM SAK YAK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1596 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Dwarf Siberian Pine
Dwarf Stone Pine

names: 偃松 长松

names:
Сосна стланиковая
kedrovyj stlanik

names: ハイマツ hai-matsu

names: Zwergkiefer Zwergzirbelkiefer

names: Nun-jas-na-mu nunjatnamu

partners:
Aguriahana uncinata
Carduiceps meinertzhageni
Hebata abietis
Ursidae
Ursus arctos

value: nanophanerophyte

published_in: Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 1858: 23


slug: pinus-pungens

scientific: Pinus pungens

authorship: Lamb.

epithet: pungens

preferred: Hickory Pine

english:
Hickory Pine
Prickly Pine
Table Mountain Pine
Table Mountain pine

codes: GEO MRY NCA PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1261 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hickory Pine
Prickly Pine

names: Сосна колючая

partners:
Acantholyda erythrocephala
Exoteleia pinifoliella
Ips confusus
Rhyacionia frustrana
Sciurus carolinensis

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

label: Height


slug: pinus-quadrifolia

scientific: Pinus quadrifolia

authorship: Parl. ex Sudw.

epithet: quadrifolia

preferred: Parry Pinyon

english:
Parry Pinyon
Parry pinyon

source: wikidata

Pinus cembroides subsp. parryana

authorship: (Voss) A.E.Murray

Pinus cembroides var. juarezensis

authorship: (Lanner) Silba

Pinus cembroides var. parryana

authorship: (Engelm.) Voss

Pinus cembroides var. quadrifolia

authorship: (Parl. ex Sudw.) Silba

Pinus juarezensis

authorship: Lanner

Pinus llaveana

authorship: Torr.

Pinus parryana

authorship: Engelm.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 797 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Parry pinyon
Nut Pine

names:
Piñon de Parry
Piñon

authors: Parl. ex Sudw.

published_in: Bull. Forest. Div. U.S.D.A. 14: 17


slug: pinus-radiata

scientific: Pinus radiata

epithet: radiata

published_in: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 442. (1837)

preferred: Monterey pine

english:
Monterey pine
Cedros Island Pine
Guadalupe Island Pine
Insignis Pine
Monterey Pine
Radiata Pine

Pinus adunca

authorship: Bosc ex Poir.

Pinus californica

authorship: Loisel.

Pinus insignis

authorship: Douglas ex Loudon

Pinus insignis var. laevigata

authorship: Lemmon

Pinus insignis var. macrocarpa

authorship: Hartw. ex Carrière

Pinus montereyensis

authorship: Rauch ex Gordon

Pinus radiata f. binata

authorship: (Engelm.) J.T.Howell

Pinus radiata subsp. binata

authorship: (Engelm.) A.E.Murray

Pinus radiata subsp. cedrosensis

authorship: (J.T.Howell) Silba

Pinus radiata subsp. insignis

authorship: Schwer.

Pinus radiata var. tuberculata

authorship: (D.Don) Lemmon

Pinus rigida

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

codes: CAL MXI MXN

California

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Pinus echinata

slug: pinus-echinata

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

label: Endangered

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Monterey Pine
Cedros Island Pine

names:
Pino Insigne
Pino de Monterrey

names: 蒙达利松 輻射松

names: Pinheiro-insigne pinheiro-de-monterey

names: Сосна лучистая

names:
Pin de Monterey
Pin radié, Pin de Monterey

names:
Pino di Monterey
pino insigne

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Melozone crissalis

partners:
Rhyacionia buoliana
Acropolitis rudisana
Agrapha limbirena
Agrotis ipsilon
Alisterus scapularis
Anthela nicothoe
Anthela ocellata
Aonidiella aurantii

label: Parasites

partners:
Anastatus bifasciatus
Aphelenchoides heidelbergi
Aphytis chilensis
Baryscapus servadeii
Baryscapus turionum
Brachymeria
Brachymeria tibialis
Buprestis laeviventris

partners:
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Colletotrichum acutatum f.sp. pineum
Diplodia sapinea
Dothistroma septosporum
Fusarium circinatum
Gremmeniella abietina
Lecanosticta acicola
Meloderma desmazieri

label: Growth rate

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: pinus-remota

scientific: Pinus remota

authorship: (Little) D.K.Bailey & Hawksw.

epithet: remota

preferred: Papershell Pinyon

english:
Nut Pine
Papershell Pinyon
Texas Pinyon Pine
papershell pinyon

Pinus catarinae

authorship: Passini

Pinus cembroides var. remota

authorship: Little

Pinus culminicola var. remota

authorship: (Little) Eckenw.

Pinus remota subsp. catarinae

authorship: (Passini) Silba

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 289 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Papershell Pinyon
Nut Pine

names:
Pino catarino
pino de papel

names: Сосна кедровидная

source: GIFT

authors: (Little) D.K.Bailey & Hawksw.

published_in: Phytologia 44(3): 129


scientific: Pinus resinosa

authorship: Aiton

epithet: resinosa

preferred: red pine

english:
red pine
Norway Pine
Red Pine

Pinus resinosa f. globosa

authorship: Rehder

codes: CNT ILL MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NSC ONT PEN QUE VER WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Illinois

code: ILL

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Vermont

code: VER

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1995 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Pinus rigida

slug: pinus-rigida

species: Pinus taeda

slug: pinus-taeda

slug: pinus-strobus

species: Pinus palustris

slug: pinus-palustris

names:
red pine
Norway Pine

names:
Pin rouge
Pin résineux, Pin rouge, Pin de Norvège

partners:
Carabus nemoralis
Choristoneura rosaceana
Coccinella septempunctata
Harmonia axyridis
Hexagenia limbata
Sphyrapicus varius

partners:
Loxia curvirostra
Caripeta divisata
Choristoneura rosaceana
Dasychira vagans
Eacles imperialis
Elaphria versicolor
Hypagyrtis piniata
Lapara bombycoides

partners:
Chalcophora liberta
Melanophila acuminata

label: Pathogens

partners:
Gremmeniella abietina
Ophiostoma

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


scientific: Pinus rigida

authorship: Mill.

epithet: rigida

preferred: pitch pine

english:
pitch pine
Hard Pine
Pitch Pine

Pinus fraseri

authorship: Lodd.

Pinus loddigesii

authorship: Loudon

Pinus rigida f. globosa

authorship: Allard

Pinus taeda var. rigida

authorship: (Mill.) Aiton

codes: CNT GEO KTY MAI MRY MAS NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1940 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

slug: pinus-resinosa

names:
pitch pine
Hard Pine

names: 刚松 萌芽松

names: Pech-Kiefer Pechkiefer

names:
Pin rigide
Pin

names: Doornden Pekden

partners:
Myiarchus crinitus
Sitta canadensis
Sphyrapicus varius

partners:
Rhyacionia buoliana
Aphrophora saratogensis
Citheronia sepulcralis
Coccineasca coccinea
Dioryctria reniculella
Epipyga cribrata
Exoteleia pinifoliella
Gyponana geminata

partners:
Buprestis africans
Buprestis lineata
Buprestis nuttalli var. consularis
Buprestis salisburyensis
Buprestis striata
Chalcophora virginiensis
Chrysobothris cribraria
Chrysobothris harrisii

partners:
Lecanosticta acicola
Meloderma desmazieri


slug: pinus-roxburghii

scientific: Pinus roxburghii

authorship: Sarg.

epithet: roxburghii

preferred: Chir Pine

english:
Cheer pine
Chir
Chir Pine
Chir pine
Indian Longleaf Pine
Long-leaved Indian Pine
chir pine
longleaf Indian pine

Pinus longifolia

authorship: Roxb. ex Lamb.

codes: CHT BAN EHM IND NEP PAK WHM

Tibet

code: CHT

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Alpha-pinene

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacne Antibacterial Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antipneumonic

Camphene

activities: Allelopathic Antilithic? Antioxidant Expectorant FLavor Hypocholesterolemic? Insectifuge Pesticide

names:
Chir Pine
Cheer pine

names:
xu mi chang ye song
喜馬拉雅長葉松

names: Сосна Роксбурга

names: ナガバマツ ヒマラヤマツ

names: Emodi-Kiefer Emodikiefer

names: சீமைத்தேவதாரு

names: אורן ארוך-עלים

partners:
Aguriahana pini
Argyresthia iopleura
Batrachedra silvatica
Blastobasis transcripta
Dioryctria abietella
Eumeta cramerii
Muntiacus
Ophiusa triphaenoides

label: Hosts

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Feb-May

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Sarg.

published_in: Silva N. Amer. 11: 9


slug: pinus-sabiniana

scientific: Pinus sabiniana

authorship: Douglas

epithet: sabiniana

preferred: gray pine

english:
gray pine
Bull Pine
California foothill pine
Gray Pine

Pinus sabiniana f. microcarpa

authorship: Gaussen

Pinus sabiniana var. explicata

authorship: Jeps.

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

slug: pinus-coulteri

names:
Gray Pine
Bull Pine

label: Visited by

partners:
Chionodes retiniella
Cyanocitta stelleri
Sciurus griseus
Trisetacus ehmanni

partners:
Buprestis aurulenta
Buprestis laeviventris
Chrysophana placida
Phaenops californica
Phaenops piniedulis

label: Growth form

label: Leaf retention

label: Foliage colour

label: Life cycle

label: Flower colour

value: yellow