slug: libanotis-pyrenaica

scientific: Libanotis pyrenaica

authorship: (L.) Bourg.

genus: Libanotis

epithet: pyrenaica

preferred: mooncarrot

Ammi daucifolium

authorship: Scop.

Athamanta caucasica

authorship: Hort.Par. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Athamanta collina

authorship: Salisb.

Athamanta libanotis

authorship: L.

Athamanta libanotis var. exaltata

authorship: Gaudin

Athamanta libanotis var. major

authorship: Hagenb.

Athamanta libanotis var. riviniana

authorship: (Scop.) Trevir.

Athamanta oreoselinum

authorship: Huds.

Athamanta pubescens

authorship: Retz.

Athamanta riviniana

authorship: Host ex Steud.

Balinotella libanotis

authorship: (L.) Soják

Balinotella libanotis subsp. leiocarpa

authorship: (Heuff.) Soják

Bubon libanotis

authorship: Dumort.

Libanotis alpina

authorship: Schur

Libanotis athamanthoides

authorship: DC.

Libanotis athamantica

authorship: G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Schreb.

Libanotis athamantina

authorship: Roehl.

Libanotis cretensis

authorship: Gaertn.

Libanotis crithmoides

authorship: Nyman

Libanotis daucifolia

authorship: (Scop.) Rchb.

Libanotis daucifolia var. athamantoides

authorship: (Spreng.) Poldini

Libanotis daucus-creticus

authorship: Crantz

Libanotis gracilis

authorship: Rchb.

Libanotis intermedia

authorship: Rupr.

Libanotis major

authorship: Hall. ex Gouan

Libanotis montana subsp. athamanthoides

authorship: (Spreng.) Bonnier & Layens

Libanotis montana var. gracilis

authorship: (Rchb.) Kauffm.

Libanotis montana var. leiocarpa

authorship: Heuff.

Libanotis montana var. pubescens

authorship: (DC.) Lange

Libanotis montana-ferulacea

authorship: Lange

Libanotis nitens

authorship: Vis.

Libanotis pubescens

authorship: (Retz.) Schloss. & Vuk.

authorship: (DC.) Nyman

name: Libanotis pyrenaica subsp. athamanthoides

authorship: (Spr.) Soó

Libanotis pyrenaica subsp. bipinnata

authorship: (Čelak.) Holub

Libanotis pyrenaica subsp. montana

authorship: Lemke & Rothm.

Libanotis pyrenaica subvar. libanotis

authorship: (L.) Reduron

Libanotis pyrenaica subvar. riviniana

authorship: (Scop.) Reduron

Libanotis taurica

authorship: Rubtsov

Ligusticum athamantoides

authorship: Spreng.

Ligusticum divaricatilobum

authorship: Clos

Ligusticum ferulaceum

authorship: Lapeyr.

Seseli athamantoides

authorship: C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.

Seseli intermedium

authorship: (Rupr.) Vodop.

Seseli leiocarpum

authorship: Rouy & E.G.Camus

Seseli libanotis f. callayi

authorship: (J.Duvign.) J.Duvign.

Seseli libanotis f. glabrum

authorship: (J.Duvign.) Benedí & Molero

Seseli libanotis subsp. atlanticum

authorship: Maire

Seseli libanotis subsp. intermedium

authorship: (Rupr.) P.W.Ball

Seseli libanotis subsp. leiocarpum

authorship: (Heuff.) Rouy & E.G.Camus

Seseli libanotis subsp. maius

authorship: (Hagenbach) F.Dvorak & B.Dadakova

Seseli libanotis subsp. pyrenaicum

authorship: (L.) M.Laínz

Seseli libanotis var. athamantoides

authorship: (Spreng.) Rchb.f.

Seseli libanotis var. bipinnata

authorship: Čelak.

Seseli libanotis var. major

authorship: Wimm. & Grab.

Seseli libanotis var. pubescens

authorship: (DC.) Rouy & E.G.Camus

Seseli libanotis var. pyrenaicum

authorship: (L.) Briq.

Seseli pencanum

authorship: Phil.

Seseli pubicarpum

authorship: Simonk.

Seseli reichenbachii

authorship: Ces.

Seseli vulgare

authorship: Bubani

Sium ammi

authorship: Vest

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1968 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Berg-Heilwurz Heilwurz


slug: libertia-chilensis

scientific: Libertia chilensis

authorship: (Molina) Gunckel

genus: Libertia

epithet: chilensis

family: Iridaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Revista Chilena Hist. Nat  31: 87 (1927)

preferred: snowy mermaid

source: usda

Choeradodia chilensis

authorship: (Molina) Herb.

Libertia crassa

authorship: Graham

Libertia elegans

authorship: Poepp.

Libertia formosa var. crassa

authorship: (Graham) Baker

Libertia formosa var. grandiflora

authorship: Johow

Libertia ixioides

authorship: Gay

Orthrosanthus chilensis

authorship: Klotzsch ex Baker

Sisyrinchium fernandezianum

authorship: Steud.

Sisyrinchium formosum

authorship: (Graham) F.Muell.

Strumaria chilensis

authorship: Molina

Taumastos compressus

authorship: Raf.

Tekel formosa

authorship: (Graham) Kuntze

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: AGS CLC CLS JNF

Argentina South

code: AGS

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

Juan Fernández Is.

code: JNF

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 525 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Chilean-iris
Satin flower

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Astylus trifasciatus
Austroscaeva melanostoma
Diphaglossa gayi
Syrphidae

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: geophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: (Molina) Gunckel

published_in: Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 31: 87

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol LIFO

license: public domain

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: libertia-edgariae

scientific: Libertia edgariae

authorship: Blanchon, B.G.Murray & Braggins

epithet: edgariae

published_in: New Zealand J. Bot.  40: 442 (2002)

New Zealand North

code: NZN

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: New Zealand

authors: Blanchon, B.G.Murray & Braggins

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libertia-flaccidifolia

scientific: Libertia flaccidifolia

authorship: Blanchon & J.S.Weaver

epithet: flaccidifolia

published_in: New Zealand J. Bot.  47: 319 (2009)

authors: Blanchon & J.S.Weaver

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libertia-grandiflora

scientific: Libertia grandiflora

authorship: (R.Br.) Sweet

epithet: grandiflora

Libertia orbicularis

authorship: Colenso

Tekel grandiflora

authorship: (R.Br.) Kuntze

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand South

code: NZS

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 160 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 大花丽白花 大花波鸢尾

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

authors: Sweet

published_in: Sweet's Hort. Brit., ed. 2. 498


slug: libertia-ixioides

scientific: Libertia ixioides

authorship: (G.Forst.) Spreng.

epithet: ixioides

Ferraria ixioides

authorship: (G.Forst.) Willd.

Libertia macrocarpa

authorship: Klatt

Libertia tricolor

authorship: Lem.

Moraea ixioides

authorship: (G.Forst.) Thunb.

Nematostigma ixioides

authorship: (G.Forst.) A.Dietr.

Renealmia ixioides

authorship: (G.Forst.) Ker Gawl.

Tekel ixiodes

authorship: (G.Forst.) Kuntze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 757 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 168


slug: libertia-micrantha

scientific: Libertia micrantha

epithet: micrantha

Tekel micrantha

authorship: (A.Cunn.) Kuntze

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 687 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Либертия мелкоцветковая

published_in: Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 375


slug: libertia-mooreae

scientific: Libertia mooreae

epithet: mooreae

published_in: New Zealand J. Bot.  40: 444 (2002)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: libertia-paniculata

scientific: Libertia paniculata

authorship: (R.Br.) Spreng.

epithet: paniculata

Nematostigma paniculatum

authorship: (R.Br.) A.Dietr.

Sisyrinchium paniculatum

authorship: (R.Br.) R.Br. ex F.Muell.

codes: NSW QLD VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 207 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Sep-Nov

label: Fruit type

value: capsule


slug: libertia-peregrinans

scientific: Libertia peregrinans

authorship: Cockayne & Allan

epithet: peregrinans

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst.  57: 56 (1927)

codes: CTM NZS

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Cockayne & Allan

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. lvii. 56 (1927)

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libertia-pulchella

scientific: Libertia pulchella

epithet: pulchella

Libertia pulchella var. laurencei

authorship: (Hook.f.) Domin

codes: NSW TAS VIC

Tasmania

code: TAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 340 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Nov-Jan

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 169


slug: libertia-sessiliflora

scientific: Libertia sessiliflora

authorship: (Poepp.) Skottsb.

epithet: sessiliflora

published_in: Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez, reimpr. 2: 778 (1951)

Bermudiana sessiliflora

authorship: (Poepp.) Kuntze

Libertia caerulescens

authorship: Kunth & Bouché

authorship: Kunth & C.D.Bouché

Sisyrinchium caerulescens

authorship: (Kunth & C.D.Bouché) F.Muell.

Sisyrinchium huismo

authorship: Dombey ex Baker

Sisyrinchium sessiliflorum

authorship: Poepp.

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 202 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Poepp.) Skottsb.

published_in: Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez (Botany) 2(6): 778, in obs


slug: libertia-tricocca

scientific: Libertia tricocca

authorship: Phil.

epithet: tricocca

Sisyrinchium tricoccum

authorship: (Phil.) F.Muell.

Tekel tricocca

authorship: (Phil.) Kuntze

codes: CLC CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Phil.

published_in: Linnaea 29: 63

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libidibia-coriaria

scientific: Libidibia coriaria

authorship: (Jacq.) Schltdl.

genus: Libidibia

epithet: coriaria

family: Fabaceae

preferred: divi divi

Caesalpinia coriacea

authorship: Poit.

Caesalpinia coriaria

authorship: (Jacq.) Willd.

Caesalpinia thomaea

authorship: Spreng.

Poinciana coriaria

authorship: Jacq.

codes: MXC MXG MXN MXT MXS ARU BAH CLM COS CUB DOM ELS GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PUE VEN VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Bahamas

code: BAH

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

Windward Is.

code: WIN

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 238 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Guaje o cascalote
Guatapanal

names: Цезальпиния дубильная

partners:
Amastris maculata
Apis florea
Apis mellifera
Badamia exclamationis
Catopsilia pomona
Cirrochroa thais
Crax daubentoni
Cupha erymanthis

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libidibia-ferrea

scientific: Libidibia ferrea

authorship: (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz

epithet: ferrea

published_in: Legum. Caatinga : 130 (2009)

Apuleia ferrea

authorship: (Mart. ex Tul.) Baill.

Caesalpinia ferrea

authorship: Mart. ex Tul.

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 115 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Brazilian ironwood
Leopard Tree

names:
铁云实
巴西鐵木 (鐵架木 鐵雲實)

names: Ibirá-obi Imirá-itá

names: Цезальпиния железная

partners:
Otidoecus antilogus
Trichoglossus moluccanus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

value: tree

value: woody

authors: (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz

published_in: Legum. Caatinga 130


slug: libidibia-juca

scientific: Libidibia juca

authorship: F.G.A.Oliveira & L.P.Queiroz

epithet: juca

Caesalpinia ferrea var. cearensis

authorship: Huber

Caesalpinia ferrea var. megaphylla

authorship: Tul.

codes: BZN BZE

Brazil North

code: BZN

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Coleoptera
Electrostrymon endymion

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: libidibia-monosperma

scientific: Libidibia monosperma

authorship: (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

epithet: monosperma

preferred: cobana negra

Stahlia maritima

authorship: Bello

Stahlia monosperma

authorship: (Tul.) Urb.

Stahlia monosperma var. domingensis

authorship: Standl.

Tachia punctata

authorship: Plée ex Tul.

codes: DOM PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cóbana Polisandro
caobanilla

label: Foliage colour

value: green

label: Flower colour

value: yellow

label: Bloom period

value: Spring

authors: (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

published_in: PhytoKeys 71: 99

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol STMO

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libidibia-paraguariensis

scientific: Libidibia paraguariensis

authorship: (D.Parodi) G.P.Lewis

epithet: paraguariensis

Acacia paraguariensis

authorship: Parodi

Caesalpinia melanocarpa

authorship: Griseb.

Caesalpinia paraguariensis

authorship: (D.Parodi) Burkart

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 169 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Guayacaú Negro
Guayacáu Negro

value: phanerophyte

value: deciduous

authors: (D.Parodi) G.P.Lewis

published_in: Mabberley's Pl.-Book 1021

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libidibia-sclerocarpa

scientific: Libidibia sclerocarpa

authorship: (Standl.) Britton & Rose

epithet: sclerocarpa

codes: MXE MXN MXT MXS

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 317 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Standl.) Britton & Rose

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: libocedrus-bidwillii

scientific: Libocedrus bidwillii

genus: Libocedrus

epithet: bidwillii

family: Cupressaceae

preferred: Cedar

source: wikidata

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 909 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Cedar
New Zealand cedar

names: Либоцедрус Бидвилла

names: Kaikawaka Pahautea

published_in: Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 257

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: libocedrus-plumosa

scientific: Libocedrus plumosa

authorship: (D.Don) Druce

epithet: plumosa

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 633. (1917)

preferred: Kawaka

english:
Kawaka
New Zealand Cedar

Libocedrus doniana

authorship: (Hook.) Endl.

Libocedrus plumosa

authorship: (D.Don) Sarg.

Thuja doniana

authorship: Hook.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 453 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Kawaka
New Zealand Cedar

label: Growth habit

authors: (D.Don) Druce

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4(Suppl. 2): 633


slug: licania-littoralis

scientific: Licania littoralis

authorship: Warm.

genus: Licania

epithet: littoralis

family: Chrysobalanaceae

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn  1874: 67 (1875)

Licania littoralis var. cuneata

authorship: Kuhlm.

codes: BZE BZL

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

names: Disbota Guaraci

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: shrub

label: Woodiness

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Warm.

published_in: Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn (1874) 67


slug: licaria-capitata

scientific: Licaria capitata

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kosterm.

genus: Licaria

epithet: capitata

family: Lauraceae

published_in: Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht  42: 592 (1937)

Acrodiclidium capitatum

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Lundell

Acrodiclidium glabrum

authorship: Brandegee

Aniba mexicana

authorship: Kosterm.

Licaria oblongifolia

authorship: Lundell

Misanteca capitata

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Misanteca oblongifolia

authorship: (Lundell) Lundell

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ GUA HON

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Belize

code: BLZ

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kosterm.

published_in: Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 592


slug: licaria-misantlae

scientific: Licaria misantlae

authorship: (Brandegee) Kosterm.

epithet: misantlae

published_in: Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht  42: 602 (1937)

Chanekia misantlae

authorship: (Brandegee) Lundell

Licaria coriacea

authorship: (Lundell) Kosterm.

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS GUA

Costa Rica

code: COS

authors: (Brandegee) Kosterm.

published_in: Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 602


slug: licaria-triandra

scientific: Licaria triandra

authorship: (Sw.) Kosterm.

epithet: triandra

published_in: Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht  42: 588 (1937)

preferred: Florida Licaria

english:
Florida Licaria
pepperleaf sweetwood

Acrodiclidium benense

authorship: Rusby

Acrodiclidium jamaicense

authorship: Nees

Acrodiclidium limbatum

authorship: (Nees) J.F.Macbr.

Acrodiclidium limbosum

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

Acrodiclidium triandrum

authorship: (Sw.) Lundell

Benzoin glaucescens

authorship: Nees ex Meisn.

Endiandra jamaicensis

authorship: Spreng.

Laurus limbosa

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Laurus parviflora

authorship: Poepp. ex Nees

Laurus triandra

authorship: Sw.

Licaria jamaicensis

authorship: Kosterm. ex León & Alain

Licaria limbosa

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm.

Licaria pittieri

authorship: (Mez) C.K.Allen

Litsea cervantesii

authorship: Kunth

Litsea glaucescens var. schaffneri

authorship: (Bartlett) C.K.Allen

Litsea schaffneri

authorship: Bartlett

Misanteca cubensis

authorship: (A.Rich.) Benth.

Misanteca jurgensenii

authorship: Mez

Misanteca limbosa

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Lundell

Misanteca triandra

authorship: (Sw.) Mez

Ocotea ramentacea

authorship: Mart. ex Nees

Tetranthera cervantesii

authorship: (Kunth) F.Dietr.

Triplomeia montana

authorship: Raf.

codes: FLA BLZ BOL CLM COS CUB DOM ECU GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PER PUE VEN WIN

Florida

code: FLA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Colombia

code: CLM

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lichtensteinia-interrupta

scientific: Lichtensteinia interrupta

authorship: (Thunb.) E.Mey. ex Sond.

genus: Lichtensteinia

epithet: interrupta

family: Apiaceae

Annesorhiza interrupta

authorship: (Thunb.) Sweet

Gliopsis pyrethrifolia

authorship: (Cham. & Schltdl.) Rauschert

Lichtensteinia kolbeana

authorship: Bolus

Lichtensteinia pyrethrifolia

authorship: Cham. & Schltdl.

Lichtensteinia sprengeliana

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Oenanthe interrupta

authorship: Thunb.

Ruthea interrupta

authorship: Drude

codes: CPP NAT

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 101 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

published_in: Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 199

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lichtensteinia-lacera

scientific: Lichtensteinia lacera

epithet: lacera

Hermas rudissima

authorship: Rchb.

Lichtensteinia lacera var. pinnatifida

authorship: Sond.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 504 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лихтенштейния трёхраздельная

value: non-woody

authors: Cham. & Schltdl.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: lichtensteinia-latifolia

scientific: Lichtensteinia latifolia

epithet: latifolia

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. : 343 (1837)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 160 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Eckl. & Zeyh.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 3: 343

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: lichtensteinia-obscura

scientific: Lichtensteinia obscura

authorship: (Spreng.) Koso-Pol.

epithet: obscura

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou n.s., 30: 284. 1917

Lichtensteinia inebrians

authorship: E.Mey. ex Sond.

Oenanthe obscura

authorship: Spreng.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Spreng.) Koso-Pol.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou n.s, 30: 284

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lichtensteinia-trifida

scientific: Lichtensteinia trifida

epithet: trifida

Lichtensteinia palmata

authorship: DC.

Lichtensteinia runcinata

authorship: E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Triffid
Triffid Kalmoes

names: Лихтенштейния трехраздельная

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: licuala-peltata

scientific: Licuala peltata

authorship: Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.

genus: Licuala

epithet: peltata

family: Arecaceae

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 313 (1826)

codes: AND ASS BAN EHM IND MLY MYA NCB THA

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Malaya

code: MLY

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Thailand

code: THA

names: licuala-redonda palmeira-leque

names: Ликуала щитовидная

names: ปาล์มเจ้าเมืองตรัง

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

label: Life form

authors: Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.

published_in: Mem. Werner. Nat. Hist. Soc. v. 313 (1826)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: licuala-ramsayi

scientific: Licuala ramsayi

authorship: (F.Muell.) Domin

epithet: ramsayi

preferred: Fan Palm

english:
Fan Palm
Queensland fan palm
fan palm

Licuala jeanneneyi

authorship: André

Licuala muelleri

authorship: H.Wendl. & Drude

Pericycla muelleri

authorship: (H.Wendl. & Drude) Drude ex Salomon

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 395 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
fan palm
Queensland fan palm

names: Ликуала Рэмзи

partners:
Anonychomyrma gilberti
Cephrenes
Cephrenes augiades
Crematogaster pythia
Leptomyrmex unicolor
Oecophylla smaragdina
Polyrhachis
Polyrhachis foreli

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Life cycle

authors: Domin

published_in: Biblioth. Bot. lxxxv. 500 (1915)


slug: licuala-spinosa-thunb

scientific: Licuala spinosa

epithet: spinosa

published_in: Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 2: 474 (1780)

codes: CHH AND BAN BOR CBD JAW MLY MYA NCB PHI SUM THA VIE

Hainan

code: CHH

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 191 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 刺轴榈 刺軸櫚

names: Ликуала колючая

partners:
Helarctos malayanus
Hidari bhawani
Pongo pygmaeus

authors: Thunb.

published_in: in Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. (1782) 287


slug: licuala-spinosa-wurmb

authorship: Wurmb

Corypha pilearia

authorship: Lour.

Licuala acutifida var. peninsularis

authorship: Becc.

Licuala horrida

authorship: Blume

Licuala pilearia

authorship: (Lour.) Blume

names: 刺軸梠 刺軸櫚

names: Ликуала колючая

authors: Wurmb

published_in: Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 2: 474

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: lidbeckia-pectinata

scientific: Lidbeckia pectinata

genus: Lidbeckia

epithet: pectinata

family: Asteraceae

Cotula stricta

authorship: L.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

value: variable

label: Height

value: 1 m

value: perennial

published_in: Descr. Pl. Cap. 307. t. 5. f. 9


slug: lidbeckia-quinqueloba

scientific: Lidbeckia quinqueloba

authorship: (L.f.) Cass.

epithet: quinqueloba

Lidbeckia lobata

authorship: Thunb.

authors: Cass.

published_in: Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. [F. Cuvier] 26: 276


slug: ligaria-cuneifolia

scientific: Ligaria cuneifolia

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.

genus: Ligaria

epithet: cuneifolia

family: Loranthaceae

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 347 (1895)

Ligaria coronata

authorship: Tiegh.

Ligaria viscoides

authorship: (Poepp. ex Eichler) Tiegh.

Loranthus cuneifolius

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Loranthus viscoideus

authorship: Poepp. ex Eichler

Phrygilanthus cuneifolius

authorship: Eichler

Psittacanthus coronatus

authorship: (Tiegh.) Hauman & Irigoyen

Psittacanthus cuneifolius

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don

Psittacanthus hortonii

authorship: Standl. & F.A.Barkley

Psittacanthus lanceolatus

authorship: Engl.

Psittacanthus montevidensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Engl.

Psittacanthus viscoides

authorship: (Poepp. ex Eichler) Engl.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZS CLC PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Chile Central

code: CLC

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: hemiparasitic epiphyte

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 875 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Liga
Quintral del algarrobo

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Andigena hypoglauca
Anisognathus igniventris
Buthraupis montana
Cacicus chrysonotus
Chlorornis riefferii
Citheronia vogleri
Diglossa cyanea
Elaenia pallatangae

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

partners:
Vachellia caven
Cactaceae
Prosopis

authors: Tiegh.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 347


slug: lignocarpa-carnosula

scientific: Lignocarpa carnosula

authorship: (Hook.f.) J.W.Dawson

genus: Lignocarpa

epithet: carnosula

published_in: New Zealand J. Bot. 5: 405 (1967)

Anisotome carnosula

authorship: (Hook.f.) Cockayne & Laing

New Zealand South

code: NZS

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 161 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hook.f.) J.W.Dawson

published_in: New Zealand J. Bot. v. 405 (1967)

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligularia-amplexicaulis

scientific: Ligularia amplexicaulis

authorship: DC.

genus: Ligularia

epithet: amplexicaulis

name: Ligularia amplexicaulis var. amplexicaulis

codes: CHT EHM NEP WHM

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

authors: DC.


slug: ligularia-calthifolia

scientific: Ligularia calthifolia

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: calthifolia

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xv. (1871) 374

Ligularia hodgsonii var. calthifolia

authorship: (Maxim.) Koidz.

Senecillis calthifolia

authorship: (Maxim.) Kitam.

Senecio calthifolius

authorship: (Maxim.) Maxim.

codes: CHM PRM

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

names: Бузульник калужницелистный

label: Flowering months

value: Jul

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 374


slug: ligularia-dentata

scientific: Ligularia dentata

authorship: (A.Gray) Hara

epithet: dentata

preferred: summer ragwort

Ligularia japonica var. clivorum

authorship: (Maxim.) Makino

Senecillis dentata

authorship: (A.Gray) Kitam.

Senecio japonicus var. integrifolius

authorship: Matsum.

Senecio labordei

authorship: Vaniot

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP MYA

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Myanmar

code: MYA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
summer ragwort
Leopard Plant

names: Бузульник зубчатый

names:
Gezähnter Goldkolben
Japanischer Goldkolben

names:
Ligulaire dentée
Ligulaire d’or

names: Gårdsgroblad Strandkämpar

names:
Fliget-Vejbred
Glat Vejbred

names: kallionauhus Heinäratamo

names:
stor nøkketunge
stornøkketunge

names: Flikkjempe Groblad

names:
stor nykketunge
stornøkketunge

partners:
Bombus beaticola
Bombus honshuensis
Bombus hypocrita
Cheilosia
Melanostoma mellinum
Parnara guttata
Rhingia laevigata
Syrphus

partners:
Bombus flavidus
Bombus honshuensis
Bombus hypocrita
Bombus impatiens
Bombus perplexus
Bombus ternarius
Cheilosia
Limenitis astyanax

label: Eaten by

value: hemicryptophyte

value: Jul-Aug

label: Fruit type

value: achene

source: Wikidata

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligularia-fischeri

scientific: Ligularia fischeri

authorship: Turcz.

epithet: fischeri

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 20(II): 11 (1847)

Cineraria fischeri

authorship: Ledeb.

Cineraria speciosa

authorship: Fisch. ex Turcz.

authorship: Schrad. ex Link

Hoppea speciosa

authorship: (Schrad. ex Link) Rchb.

Ligularia glabrescens

authorship: Vorosch.

Ligularia sibirica var. longibracteata

authorship: Kitam.

Ligularia sibirica var. racemosa

authorship: (DC.) Kitam.

Ligularia sibirica var. speciosa

authorship: (Schrad. ex Link) DC.

Ligularia speciosa

authorship: (Schrad. ex Link) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Senecillis fischeri

authorship: (Ledeb.) Kitam.

Senecio racemosus

authorship: Wall.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM MON PRM SAK ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Assam

code: ASS

Pakistan

code: PAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 山紫菀 橐吾

names: Бузульник Фишера

names: オタカラコウ 雄宝香

names: Фишерийн заяахай

partners:
Apis cerana
Baris dispilota
Bombus diversus diversus
Bombus honshuensis
Ceratina japonica
Ceratina megastigmata
Ectophasia sinensis
Elasmucha nipponica

partners:
Apis cerana
Baris dispilota
Bombus diversus diversus
Bombus honshuensis
Bombus vagans
Episyrphus balteatus
Epuraea
Eristalis tenax

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 20(3): 11

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligularia-glauca

scientific: Ligularia glauca

authorship: (L.) O.Hoffm.

epithet: glauca

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4: 288. 1897

Cineraria glauca

authorship: L.

codes: ALT KRA MON WSB

Altay

code: ALT

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

West Siberia

code: WSB

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 302 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бузульник сизый

names: син див тютюн

value: Jun-Jul

authors: (L.) O.Hoffm.

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4, 5: 288


slug: ligularia-japonica

scientific: Ligularia japonica

authorship: (L.f.) Less. ex DC.

epithet: japonica

published_in: Syn. Gen. Compos. 390 (1832)

Arnica japonica

authorship: Thunb.

Erythrochaete palmatifida

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Ligularia macrantha

authorship: (C.B.Clarke) H.Koyama

Senecio japonicus

authorship: (Thunb.) Sch.Bip.

Senecio japonicus var. scaberrimus

authorship: Hayata

Senecio palmatifidus

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Wittr. & Juel

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR TAI ASS MYA

China South-Central

code: CHC

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 58 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 兔打伞 大吳風草

partners:
Argyronome ruslana
Bombus diversus
Bombus ignitus
Eristalis tenax
Lycaena phlaeas
Macroglossum bombylaus
Papilio bianor
Parnara guttata

partners:
Argyronome ruslana
Bombus diversus
Bombus ignitus
Eristalis tenax
Papilio bianor
Peribaea
Polytremis pellucida
Sympetrum frequens

authors: Less.

published_in: Syn. Gen. Compos. 390

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligularia-kojimae

scientific: Ligularia kojimae

epithet: kojimae

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 135 (1934)

Senecillis kojimae

authorship: (Kitam.) Kitam.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 高山橐吾 台湾橐吾

authors: Kitam.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3(3): 135

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligularia-sibirica

scientific: Ligularia sibirica

authorship: Cass.

epithet: sibirica

Ligularia arctica

authorship: Pojark.

Ligularia lydiae

authorship: Minderova

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ KHA KRA CHM MON NCS PRM TCS TVA TUR WSB YAK NEP PAK WHM BLT BUL RUC CZE RUE FRA HUN YUG RUN RUW POL ROM UKR

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Baltic States

code: BLT

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

region: Middle Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Hungary

code: HUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 826 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Бузульник сибирский

names: Ligulaire de Sibérie, Séneçon de Sibérie

names: Язичник сибірський

names: Сибирь заяахай

published_in: Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. [F. Cuvier] 26: 402


slug: ligusticum-calderi

scientific: Ligusticum calderi

authorship: Mathias & Constance

genus: Ligusticum

epithet: calderi

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 86: 374 (1959)

preferred: Calder's licorice-root

codes: ASK BRC

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

names:
Calder's licorice-root
Calder's lovage

authors: Mathias & Constance

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 86: 374, fig. 1

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligusticum-canadense

scientific: Ligusticum canadense

authorship: (L.) Britton

epithet: canadense

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 240 (1894)

preferred: Canadian licorice-root

Ligusticum actaeifolium

authorship: Michx.

codes: ALA ARK GEO KTY MSI MSO NCA SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

region: North-Central U.S.A.

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

label: Least Concern

names:
Canadian licorice-root
American Lovage

authors: Britton

published_in: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club v (1894) 240


slug: ligusticum-canbyi

scientific: Ligusticum canbyi

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Rose

epithet: canbyi

published_in: Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 86. 1888

preferred: Canby's licorice-root

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Canby's licorice-root
Canby's lovage

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavidus
Bombus insularis
Bombus occidentalis

authors: J.M.Coult. & Rose

published_in: Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 86


slug: ligusticum-grayi

scientific: Ligusticum grayi

epithet: grayi

published_in: Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. : 88 (1888)

preferred: Gray's licorice-root

codes: CAL IDA NEV ORE WAS

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 481 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gray's licorice-root
Gray's lovage

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Papilio zelicaon
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Diptera

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

published_in: Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 88, f. 92


slug: ligusticum-lucidum

scientific: Ligusticum lucidum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: lucidum

Cnidium cuneifolium

authorship: Griseb.

Cnidium pyrenaeum

authorship: (Gouan) Spreng.

Coristospermum cuneifolium

authorship: Bertol.

Coristospermum huteri

authorship: (Porta) L.Sáez & Rosselló

Coristospermum lucidum

authorship: (Mill.) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov

name: Coristospermum lucidum subsp. cuneifolium

authorship: (Guss.) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov

Coristospermum lucidum subsp. huteri

authorship: (Porta) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov

Coristospermum lucidum subsp. seguieri

authorship: (Jacq.) Banfi & Bracchi

Coristospermum seguieri

authorship: (Jacq.) Banfi, Galasso & Soldano

Devillea pyrenaea

authorship: (Gouan) Bubani

Imperatoria seguieri

authorship: Spreng.

Laserpitium simplex

authorship: Pourr. ex Nyman

Ligusticum cuatrecasasii

authorship: Pau

Ligusticum cuneifolium

authorship: Guss.

Ligusticum dinaricum

authorship: (Beck) Degen

Ligusticum ferulaceum

authorship: Lam.

Ligusticum huteri

authorship: Porta

Ligusticum lucidum subsp. cuneifolium

authorship: (Guss.) Tammaro

Ligusticum lucidum subsp. liburnicum

authorship: (Degen & Wettst.) Soó

Ligusticum lucidum subsp. seguieri

authorship: (Jacq.) Leute

Ligusticum lucidum var. angustifolium

authorship: Cuatrec.

Ligusticum pyrenaeum

authorship: Gouan

authorship: Gauan

Ligusticum pyrenaeum prol. huteri

authorship: (Porta) Rouy & E.G.Camus

Ligusticum pyrenaeum subsp. huteri

authorship: (Porta) Gand.

Ligusticum pyrenaeum var. huteri

authorship: (Porta) Knoche

Ligusticum pyrenaeum var. legionensis

authorship: Lange

Ligusticum seguieri

authorship: (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch

Ligusticum seguieri subsp. dinaricum

authorship: (Beck) Beck

Ligusticum seguieri subsp. liburnicum

authorship: Degen & Wettst.

Ligusticum seguieri var. dinaricum

authorship: Beck

Ligusticum simplex

authorship: Benth.

Melanoselinum seguieri

authorship: Sweet

Nabadium pyrenaicum

authorship: (Gouan) Raf.

Selinum aristatum

authorship: Ait. ex Link

Selinum seguieri

authorship: Jacq.

Seseli aristatum

authorship: Aiton

Seseli ferulifolium

authorship: Poir.

Thysselinum lucidum

authorship: Moench

codes: ALB BAL FRA GRC ITA YUG SPA SWI

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 88 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Coritosperme luisant, Ligustique des Pyrénées, Ligustique luisant

value: woody


slug: ligusticum-porteri

scientific: Ligusticum porteri

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Rose

epithet: porteri

published_in: Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. : 86 (1888)

preferred: Porter lovage

english:
Porter lovage
Porter's licorice-root
Porter's lovage
osha
oshá
wild celery
wild parsnip

Ligusticum brevilobum

authorship: Rydb.

Ligusticum porteri var. brevilobum

authorship: (Rydb.) Mathias & Constance

codes: ARI COL MXE MXN NEV NWM UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 654 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
wild celery
osha

names: Chuchupa Chuchupaste

partners:
Bombus californicus
cartosyrphus tarda
Ceratomegilla notata
Corimelaena pulicaria
Grammoptera subargentata
Hippodamia convergens
Lasioglossum inconditum
Miridae sp.

partners:
Boloria titania
Diptera
Bombus californicus
Ceratomegilla notata
Coccinella septempunctata
Corimelaena pulicaria
Grammoptera subargentata
Hippodamia convergens

source: USDA PLANTS

value: nucule


slug: ligustrum-japonicum

scientific: Ligustrum japonicum

authorship: Thunb.

genus: Ligustrum

epithet: japonicum

family: Oleaceae

published_in: Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2, 3: 207 (1780)

preferred: Japanese privet

Ligustridium japonicum

authorship: (Thunb.) Spach

Ligustrum amamianum

authorship: Koidz.

Ligustrum amamianum var. rotundifolium

authorship: (Blume) B.M.Miao

Ligustrum coriaceum

authorship: hort. ex Decne.

authorship: Jacob-Makoy

Ligustrum glabrum

authorship: Decne.

name: Ligustrum glabrum unranked aureovariegatum

Ligustrum japonicum f. difformis

authorship: Blume

Ligustrum japonicum f. leucocarpum

authorship: (Honda) T.Yamanaka

Ligustrum japonicum f. pubescens

authorship: (Koidz.) Murata

Ligustrum japonicum f. rotundifolium

authorship: (Blume) Noshiro

Ligustrum japonicum f. tricolor

authorship: (Jacob-Makoy) Schelle

name: Ligustrum japonicum var. aureovariegatum

authorship: Veitch ex J.Dix

Ligustrum japonicum var. coriaceum

authorship: (Jacob-Makoy) Blume ex H.Lév.

Ligustrum japonicum var. crassifolium

authorship: Hisauti

Ligustrum japonicum var. leucocarpum

authorship: Honda

Ligustrum japonicum var. spathulatum

authorship: Mansf.

Ligustrum japonicum var. syaryotense

authorship: Masam. & T.Mori

Ligustrum kellerianum

authorship: Vis.

Ligustrum latifolium

authorship: Vitman

Ligustrum lucidum var. coriaceum

authorship: (Jacob-Makoy) Decne.

name: Ligustrum macrophyllum var. marginatumaureum

authorship: Pynaert

Ligustrum ovatum

authorship: Dippel

Ligustrum rotundifolium

authorship: (Blume) Carrière

Ligustrum rotundifolium var. pubescens

authorship: (Koidz.) Hatus.

codes: CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI

China Southeast

code: CHS

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 551 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Ursolic-acid

activities: Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiTGF-beta Antialzheimeran Antiarrhythmic Antiarthritic Antibacterial

Eugenol

activities: Acaricide Allergenic Analgesic Anesthetic AntiTNF Antiaggregant Antiarachidonate Antibacterial

Oleanolic-acid

activities: Abortifacient AntiHIV AntiPGE2 AntiTGF-beta Antiallergic Antiarrhythmic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

Ferulic-acid

activities:
Allelopathic
Analgesic
Antiaggregant
Antiallergic
Antiarrhythmic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Colon)
Anticancer (Forestomach)

Phenol

activities: Analgesic Anesthetic AntiMS Antibacterial Antihemorrhoidal Antihydrocoele Antiincontinence Antionychogryphotic

Guaiacol

activities: Anesthetic Antibacterial Antidermatitic Antieczemic Antiesophagitic Antiseptic Antituberculic Cardiodepressant

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Japanese privet
Japanese Wax-Leaved Privette

names: 日本女贞 日本女贞（日本毛女贞）

names: Бирючина японская

names:
/
Troène du Japon

names:
japansk glansliguster
japansk liguster

names: ליגוסטרום יפני

names:
Japanese Liguster
Japanse liguster

partners:
Anomala albopilosa
Apis cerana
Apis mellifera
Ceratina flavipes
Chlorophorus japonicus
Dybowskia reticulata
Eristalis cerealis
Eucetonia pilifera

partners:
Apis
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Calycopis cecrops
Chauliognathus marginatus
Dahana atripennis

partners:
Acanthocephala terminalis
Apis mellifera
Atlides halesus
Battus philenor
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Calycopis cecrops

partners:
Artopoetes pryeri
Elaenia flavogaster
Hishimonus hamatus
Mimus saturninus
Myiarchus ferox
Pitangus sulphuratus
Thraupis sayaca
Turdus leucomelas

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Aphytis mytilaspidis
Ceratoneura indi

label: Pathogens

partners:
Ligustrum chlorotic spot virus
Ligustrum necrotic ringspot virus
Privet leaf blotch-associated virus
Privet ringspot virus

source: GIFT

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

value: tree

published_in: Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. iii. 207 (1780)


slug: ligustrum-liukiuense

scientific: Ligustrum liukiuense

authorship: Koidz.

epithet: liukiuense

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 日本女貞 台灣女貞

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Koidz.

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 82

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: ligustrum-lucidum

scientific: Ligustrum lucidum

preferred: tree privet

english:
tree privet
glossy privet

source: inat

Faulia verrucosa

authorship: Raf.

Ligustrum hookeri

authorship: Decne.

Ligustrum japonicum f. aureomarginatum

authorship: (Rehder) Schelle

Ligustrum japonicum var. alivonii

authorship: André

Ligustrum lucidum f. alivonii

authorship: (André) Schelle

Ligustrum lucidum f. aureomarginatum

authorship: (Rehder) Rehder

Ligustrum lucidum f. latifolium

authorship: (W.C.Cheng) P.S.Hsu

Ligustrum lucidum var. alivonii

authorship: (André) Rehder

authorship: (André) G.Nicholson

Ligustrum lucidum var. aureomarginatum

authorship: Rehder

Ligustrum lucidum var. aureovariegatum

authorship: Bean

Ligustrum nepalense var. glabrum

authorship: Hook.

Ligustrum roxburghii

authorship: Blume

Olea chinensis

authorship: Sweet

Phillyrea paniculata

authorship: Roxb.

Phillyrea terminalis

authorship: Roxb. ex Wall.

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wall.

Visiania paniculata

authorship: (Roxb.) DC.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH KOR CHT MYA NEP

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

region: Indian Subcontinent

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ethyl-acetate

activities: Antispasmodic CNS-Depressant Carminative FLavor Respirotoxic Stimulant

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
glossy privet
Broadleaf Privet

names: ligustro trueno

names: 女贞子 女贞

names: alfeneiro alfeneiro-brilhante

names:
Troene de Chine
Troène de Chine

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Anthophora dispar
Apis mellifera
Argynnis paphia
Brenthis daphne
Chlorophorus varius
Chrysoperla carnea
Cryptocephalus nitidulus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Megachile sculpturalis
Vanessa atalanta
Allograpta obliqua
Anartia amathea
Archonias nimbice
Atalopedes huron

partners:
Frieseomelitta varia
Scaptotrigona aff. depilis

partners:
Hishimonus hamatus
Turdus rufiventris
Elaenia flavogaster
Elaenia obscura
Mimus saturninus
Pitangus sulphuratus
Saltator similis
Schiffornis virescens

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: ligustrum-morrisonense

scientific: Ligustrum morrisonense

authorship: Kaneh. & Sasaki

epithet: morrisonense

published_in: Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa  21: 147 (1931)

name: Ligustrum delavayanum subsp. morrisonense

authorship: (Kaneh. & Sasaki) B.M.Miao

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 玉山女貞 玉山女贞

value: chamaephyte

authors: Kaneh. & Sasaki

published_in: Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 21: 147

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligustrum-obtusifolium

scientific: Ligustrum obtusifolium

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: obtusifolium

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.  4(3): 168 (1846)

preferred: border privet

source: wikidata

Ligustrum amurense

authorship: Carrière

Ligustrum ciliatum var. microphyllum

authorship: (Nakai) Nakai

Ligustrum ibota

authorship: Siebold ex Blume

Ligustrum ibota f. angustifolium

authorship: (Blume) Nakai

Ligustrum ibota f. obtusifolium

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz.

Ligustrum ibota subvar. spathulatum

authorship: (Blume) Koidz.

Ligustrum ibota var. amurense

authorship: (Carrière) Mansf.

Ligustrum ibota var. diabolicum

authorship: Koidz.

Ligustrum ibota var. microphyllum

authorship: Nakai

Ligustrum ibota var. regelianum

authorship: (Koehne) Siebold ex Beissn., Schelle & Zabel

Ligustrum ibota var. suave

authorship: Kitag.

Ligustrum obtusifolium f. leiocalyx

authorship: (Nakai) Murata

Ligustrum obtusifolium f. velutinum

authorship: (Blume) Murata

Ligustrum obtusifolium subsp. suave

authorship: (Kitag.) Kitag.

Ligustrum obtusifolium var. leiocalyx

authorship: (Nakai) H.Hara

Ligustrum obtusifolium var. regelianum

authorship: (Koehne) Rehder

Ligustrum obtusifolium var. velutinum

authorship: (Blume) H.Hara

Ligustrum regelianum

authorship: hort. ex Koehne

codes: CHN CHS JAP KOR CHM

Manchuria

code: CHM

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
border privet
Amur River privet

names: 水腊树 水蜡

names: Бирючина туполистная

names: gomdzongalnamu jwittongnamu

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus diversus diversus
Bombus honshuensis
Bombus hypocrita hypocrita
Bombus ignitus
Celastrina ladon
Chauliognathus marginatus
Colpodes aurelius

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Chauliognathus marginatus
Agonum aurelius
Analeptura lineola
Ancyloxypha numitor
Anthrenus verbasci
Apis

partners:
Analeptura lineola
Anthrenus verbasci
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Camponotus nearcticus
Chauliognathus marginatus
Chrysopilus proximus
Chymomyza amoena

partners:
Apeira syringaria
Artopoetes pryeri
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus terrestris
Bombycilla cedrorum
Caloptilia japonica
Chlosyne nycteis
Garaeus specularis

partners:
Asaphes suspensus
Pachyneuron aphidis

value: shrub


slug: ligustrum-ovalifolium

scientific: Ligustrum ovalifolium

authorship: Hassk.

epithet: ovalifolium

published_in: Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt. : 119 (1844)

preferred: California privet

Ligustrum californicum

authorship: Decne.

name: Ligustrum californicum unranked robustum-variegatum

authorship: Carrière

Ligustrum ciliatum var. heterophyllum

authorship: Blume

Ligustrum glaucummarginatum

authorship: Van Geert

Ligustrum hisauchii

authorship: Makino

Ligustrum japonicum var. ovalifolium

authorship: (Hassk.) Blume

Ligustrum medium

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Ligustrum ovalifolium f. argenteum

authorship: (Bean) Rehder

Ligustrum ovalifolium f. aureum

authorship: (Carrière) Rehder

name: Ligustrum ovalifolium unranked elegantissimum

authorship: J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies

name: Ligustrum ovalifolium unranked variegatum

Ligustrum ovalifolium var. argenteum

authorship: Bean

name: Ligustrum ovalifolium var. aureomarginatum

authorship: Rehder

Ligustrum ovalifolium var. floribundum

authorship: Hoefker

name: Ligustrum ovalifolium var. heterophyllum

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1991 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
California privet
Garden Privet

names: alfenheiro-oval ligustro

names: Бирючина овальнолистная

names: Ooba-ibota ōba-ibota

names:
Troene de Californie
Troène de Californie

names:
széleslevelű fagyal
tojáslevelű fagyal

partners:
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Andrena trimmerana
Anthophora dispar
Aphantopus hyperantus
Argynnis
Argynnis paphia
Bombus hypnorum

partners:
Vanessa atalanta
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Celastrina argiolus
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis arbustorum
Eristalis tenax

partners:
Sphinx ligustri
Zyginella pulchra

partners:
Metcalfa pruinosa
Apis mellifera
Dendrothrips ornatus
Gracillaria syringella
Hishimonus hamatus
Vilbasteana oculata
Abraxas grossulariata
Acherontia atropos

partners:
Erysiphe syringae
Ileostylus micranthus

partners:
Arabis mosaic virus
Raspberry ringspot virus
Tomato black ring virus

value: nanophanerophyte

value: Multiple Stem

label: Growth rate

value: rapid


slug: ligustrum-pricei

scientific: Ligustrum pricei

authorship: Hayata

epithet: pricei

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan.  5: 123 (1915)

Ligustrum japonicum var. pricei

authorship: (Hayata) T.S.Liu & J.C.Liao

Ligustrum seisuiense

authorship: T.Shimizu & M.T.Kao

codes: CHN CHC CHS TAI

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names: 总梗女贞 阿里山女貞

label: Growth habit

value: 7 m

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 123

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ligustrum-quihoui

scientific: Ligustrum quihoui

epithet: quihoui

preferred: waxyleaf privet

Ligustrum quihoui var. brachystachyum

authorship: (Decne.) Hand.-Mazz.

Ligustrum vulgare var. brachystachyum

authorship: (Decne.) Hoefker

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHI KOR CHT

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
waxyleaf privet
Quihoui privet

names: 小叶女贞 小白蜡条

names: Бирючина Квихоу

partners:
Bombycilla cedrorum
Turdus migratorius
Zonotrichia albicollis

label: Woodiness

label: Life form

value: 3 m

label: Leaf retention

value: deciduous

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Carrière


slug: ligustrum-sinense

scientific: Ligustrum sinense

authorship: Lour.

epithet: sinense

preferred: Chinese privet

Ligustrum calleryanum

authorship: Decne.

Ligustrum chinense

authorship: Carrière

Ligustrum deciduum

authorship: Hemsl.

Ligustrum groffiae

authorship: Merr.

Ligustrum indicum

authorship: (Lour.) Merr.

Ligustrum matsudae

authorship: Kaneh. ex T.Shimizu & M.T.Kao

Ligustrum microcarpum

authorship: Kaneh. & Sasaki

Ligustrum microcarpum var. shakaroense

authorship: (Kaneh.) Shimizu & T.C.Kao

Ligustrum myrianthum

authorship: Diels

Ligustrum nokoense

authorship: Masam. & T.Mori

Ligustrum nokoensis

authorship: Masam. & K.Mori

name: Ligustrum ovalifolium unranked multiflorum

authorship: Bowles

Ligustrum shakaroense

authorship: Kaneh.

Ligustrum sinense var. multiflorum

authorship: (Bowles) Bean

Ligustrum sinense var. rugosulum

authorship: (W.W.Sm.) M.C.Chang

Ligustrum sinense var. stauntonii

authorship: (DC.) Rehder

Ligustrum sinense var. villosum

authorship: (May) Rehder ex C.K.Schneid.

authorship: (May) Rehder

Ligustrum stauntonii

authorship: DC.

Ligustrum villosum

authorship: May

Olea consanguinea

authorship: Hance ex Walp.

Olea microcarpa

authorship: Vahl

Olea rigida

authorship: Steud.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH TAI CHT VIE

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1952 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese privet
Common Chinese Privet

names:
Ligustrina
Trueno chino

names: 光萼小蜡 小實女貞

names: alfeneirinho alfeneiro

names: Бирючина китайская

partners:
Apis mellifera
Asterocampa celtis
Atlides halesus
Battus philenor
Bombus
Bombus fraternus
Chauliognathus marginatus
Dahana atripennis

partners:
Araneus miniatus
Argopistes tsekooni
Chauliognathus marginatus
Glyptobaris lecontei
Mangora placida
Megachile xylocopoides
Polistes exclamans
Polypsocus corruptus

partners:
Vilbasteana oculata
Acanthocephala terminalis
Acronicta longa
Aenetus virescens
Anthornis melanura
Apis mellifera
Artona martini
Bombycilla cedrorum

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: Chinese privet is a shrub or small tree

quote: may grow to as much as 30 feet tall although its typical height ranges from 5 to 12 feet

quote: Chinese privet leaves are evergreen to semi-deciduous

quote: Chinese privet was introduced into the United States from China for ornamental planting

quote: Four white to off-white petals that are basally fused to one another make-up the corolla

value: if flowering, its blossoms are very aromatic

quote: If flowering, its blossoms are very aromatic.


slug: ligustrum-vulgare

scientific: Ligustrum vulgare

authorship: L.

epithet: vulgare

preferred: Common Privet

english:
Common Privet
European privet
Wild Privet
wild privet

Ligustrum album

authorship: Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.

authorship: Gueldenst.

Ligustrum angustifolium

authorship: Gilib.

Ligustrum decipiens

authorship: Gand.

Ligustrum insulare

authorship: Decne.

Ligustrum italicum

authorship: Mill.

Ligustrum lodense

authorship: Glogau

Ligustrum sempervirens

authorship: Mazziari

authorship: (Gray) Lindl.

Ligustrum vulgare f. argenteovariegatum

authorship: (Weston) Rehder

Ligustrum vulgare f. aureovariegatum

authorship: (Weston) Schelle

Ligustrum vulgare f. aureum

authorship: (H.Jaeger) Dippel

Ligustrum vulgare f. auriflorum

authorship: (Hoefker) Rehder

Ligustrum vulgare f. buxifolium

authorship: (G.Nicholson) Rehder

Ligustrum vulgare f. chlorocarpum

authorship: (Loudon) Schelle

Ligustrum vulgare f. densiflorum

authorship: (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder

Ligustrum vulgare f. flaviflorum

authorship: Murr ex Hegi

Ligustrum vulgare f. glaucum

authorship: (Mouill.) Rehder

Ligustrum vulgare f. lodense

authorship: (Glogau) Rehder

Ligustrum vulgare f. nanum

authorship: Rehder

Ligustrum vulgare f. pendulum

authorship: (Carrière) Dippel

Ligustrum vulgare f. pyramidale

authorship: (Späth) Dippel

Ligustrum vulgare f. rupicola

authorship: (Hoefker) Hegi

Ligustrum vulgare f. xanthocarpum

authorship: (Loudon) P.D.Sell

authorship: (G.Don) Schelle

Ligustrum vulgare subsp. italicum

authorship: (Mill.) Fukarek

Ligustrum vulgare unranked nanum

authorship: Kohankie

Ligustrum vulgare unranked pendulum

authorship: Carrière

name: Ligustrum vulgare var. argenteovariegatum

authorship: Weston

Ligustrum vulgare var. atrovirens

authorship: Hoefker

Ligustrum vulgare var. chlorocarpum

authorship: Loudon

Ligustrum vulgare var. glaucum

authorship: Mouill.

Ligustrum vulgare var. insulense

authorship: (Decne.) Hoefker

Ligustrum vulgare var. italicum

authorship: (Mill.) Vahl

Ligustrum vulgare var. macrophyllum

authorship: Murr

Ligustrum vulgare var. pendulum

authorship: (Carrière) Hoefker

Ligustrum vulgare var. pyramidale

authorship: Späth

Ligustrum vulgare var. sempervirens

authorship: Gray

Olea humilis

authorship: Salisb.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MOR IRN NCS TCS TUR ALB AUT BGM BUL CZE DEN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET NOR POL POR ROM SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2033 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Mannitol

activities: Allergenic Analgesic Anthelmintic AntiReye's Antiglaucomic Antiinflammatory Antimutagenic Antinephritic

Syringin

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Adaptogenic Anticomplementary Antipyretic Antistress Immunomodulator Immunostimulant Neurotropic

Syringic-acid

activities: Allelopathic Antioxidant Antiperoxidant Antiradicular Ubiquiot

names: تمرحنة شائعة

names:
birjučina
Бирючина обыкновенная

names: セイヨウイボタ ヨウシュイボタ

names: Бирючина звичайна

names: Κοινό Λιγούστρο

partners:
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis arbustorum
Eristalis pertinax

partners:
Volucella pellucens
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pratorum
Eristalis tenax
Oedemera nobilis
Apis mellifera
Paragus haemorrhous
Bombus hortorum

partners:
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Aglais urticae
Andrena barbilabris
Apis mellifera
Erysiphe
Eurydema oleracea
Maniola jurtina

partners:
Columba palumbus
Erithacus rubecula
Pica pica
Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Sylvia atricapilla
Turdus iliacus
Turdus merula
Turdus philomelos

partners:
Metcalfa pruinosa
Turdus merula
Adela croesella
Aglais io
Agrilus convexicollis
Cyanistes caeruleus
Erithacus rubecula
Fieberiella florii

partners:
Aphytis maculicornis
Aphytis mytilaspidis
Coccophagus palaeolecanii
Erysiphe
Erysiphe syringae
Erysiphe syringae-japonicae
Zealachertus tortriciphaga


slug: lilaeopsis-brisbanica

scientific: Lilaeopsis brisbanica

genus: Lilaeopsis

epithet: brisbanica

published_in: Austrobaileya 5: 145 (1997)

Queensland

code: QLD

region: Australia

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lilaeopsis-carolinensis

scientific: Lilaeopsis carolinensis

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Rose

epithet: carolinensis

preferred: Carolina grasswort

Crantzia carolinensis

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Chodat

Crantziola carolinensis

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Koso-Pol.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX VRG AGE AGW BZS PAR URU

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

value: perennial

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: lilaeopsis-chinensis

scientific: Lilaeopsis chinensis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

epithet: chinensis

preferred: eastern grasswort

Crantzia chinensis

authorship: (L.) Druce

Crantzia lineata

authorship: (Michx.) Nutt.

Crantzia lineata f. andina

authorship: Chodat

Crantzia lineata subvar. inundata

authorship: Wedd.

Crantzia schaffneri

authorship: Hemsl.

Crantzia schaffneriana f. subterrestris

authorship: Schltdl.

Crantziola lineata

authorship: (Michx.) Koso-Pol.

Hallomuellera lineata

authorship: (Michx.) Kuntze

Hydrocotyle chinensis

authorship: L.

Hydrocotyle ligulata

authorship: Bosc ex DC.

Hydrocotyle lineata

authorship: Michx.

Lilaeopsis lineata

authorship: (Michx.) Greene

codes: ALA CNT DEL FLA GEO LOU MAI MRY MAS MSI NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC RHO SCA TEX VRG

Alabama

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

region: Eastern Canada

Rhode I.

code: RHO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
eastern grasswort
eastern lilaeopsis

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: lilaeopsis-mauritiana

scientific: Lilaeopsis mauritiana

authorship: G.Petersen & Affolter

epithet: mauritiana

codes: MDG MAU

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Mauritius

code: MAU

lifeform: helophyte

authors: G.Petersen & Affolter

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: lilaeopsis-minor

scientific: Lilaeopsis minor

authorship: (A.W.Hill) Pérez-Mor.

epithet: minor

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis

authorship: Affolter ex S.Martínez & C.I.Calviño

authorship: (Glaz.) Affolter

codes: AGE BZS BZL PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

authors: (A.W.Hill) Pérez-Mor.

published_in: Lilloa 1: 302

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: lilaeopsis-novae-zelandiae

scientific: Lilaeopsis novae-zelandiae

authorship: (Gand.) A.W.Hill

epithet: novae-zelandiae

Crantzia novae-zelandiae

authorship: Gand.

codes: NZS TAS

New Zealand South

code: NZS

region: New Zealand

Tasmania

code: TAS

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

value: evergreen

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 549

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: lilaeopsis-occidentalis

scientific: Lilaeopsis occidentalis

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Rose

epithet: occidentalis

preferred: western grasswort

Crantziola occidentalis

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Koso-Pol.

Lilaeopsis andina f. subulata

authorship: (Wedd.) Pérez-Mor.

Lilaeopsis andina var. microcarpa

authorship: Pérez-Mor.

Lilaeopsis lineata var. occidentalis

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Jeps.

Lilaeopsis masonii

authorship: Mathias & Constance

codes: FAL BRC CAL ORE WAS AGW AGS BOL CLC CLN CLS CLM ECU PER

Falkland Is.

code: FAL

continent: ANTARCTICA

region: Subantarctic Islands

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

Chile South

code: CLS

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 341 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
western grasswort
Lilaeopsis ruthiana


slug: lilaeopsis-ruthiana

scientific: Lilaeopsis ruthiana

authorship: Affolter

epithet: ruthiana

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand North

code: NZN

authors: Affolter

published_in: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 6: 113

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: lilium-albanicum

scientific: Lilium albanicum

authorship: Griseb.

genus: Lilium

epithet: albanicum

family: Liliaceae

Lilium carniolicum subsp. albanicum

authorship: (Griseb.) Hayek

Lilium chalcedonicum subsp. albanicum

authorship: (Griseb.) K.Richt.

Lilium chalcedonicum var. albanicum

authorship: (Griseb.) Asch. & Graebn.

Lilium pyrenaicum var. albanicum

authorship: (Griseb.) V.A.Matthews

codes: ALB BUL GRC YUG

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лилия албанская

names: Κίτρινος κρίνος της Ηπείρου

names: Албански крем

value: geophyte

authors: Griseb.


slug: lilium-armenum

scientific: Lilium armenum

authorship: (Miscz. ex Grossh.) Manden.

epithet: armenum

published_in: Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst.  8: 195 (1942)

Lilium monadelphum subsp. armenum

authorship: (Miscz. ex Grossh.) Kudrjasch.

Lilium monadelphum var. armenum

authorship: (Miscz. ex Grossh.) P.H.Davis & D.M.Hend.

Lilium szovitsianum var. armenum

authorship: Miscz. ex Grossh.

codes: TCS TUR

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

names: Лилия армянская

names: арменска лилия

names: Շուշան հայկական

authors: (Miscz. ex Grossh.) Manden.

published_in: Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 8: 195


slug: lilium-auratum

scientific: Lilium auratum

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: auratum

preferred: Gold Band Lily

english:
Gold Band Lily
Gold Rayed Lily
Golden Rayed Lily of Japan
Mountain Lily

Lilium auratum subsp. latifolium

authorship: Matsum. & Nakai

Lilium auratum var. cruentum

authorship: Burb.

Lilium auratum var. hamaoanum

authorship: Makino

Lilium auratum var. macranthum

authorship: Leichtlin

Lilium auratum var. rubrovittatum

authorship: Duch.

Lilium auratum var. rubrum

authorship: Carrière

Lilium auratum var. tricolor

authorship: Baker

Lilium auratum var. wittei

authorship: (Suringar) Elwes

Lilium dexteri

authorship: Hovey ex Duch.

Lilium platyphyllum

authorship: (Baker) Makino

Lilium wittei

authorship: Suringar

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 313 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
Gold Band Lily
Gold Rayed Lily

names: 天香百合 山百合

names: Лилия золотистая

names: ヤマユリ yama-yuri

partners:
Cucumber mosaic virus
Lily symptomless virus
Tulip breaking virus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Lindl.


slug: lilium-bolanderi

scientific: Lilium bolanderi

epithet: bolanderi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  20: 377 (1885)

preferred: Bolander's lily

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лилия Боландера

names: زنبق بولاندى

source: USDA PLANTS

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xx. (1885) 377


slug: lilium-brownii

scientific: Lilium brownii

authorship: Lemoinier

epithet: brownii

preferred: Chinese Lily

Lilium aduncum

authorship: Elwes

Lilium anhuiense

authorship: D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao

Lilium australe

authorship: Stapf

Lilium brownii unranked brevifolium

authorship: T.S.Ware ex Rob.

Lilium brownii var. australe

authorship: (Stapf) Stearn

Lilium brownii var. colchesteri

authorship: Van Houtte ex Stapf

Lilium brownii var. odorum

authorship: (Planch.) W.Watson

Lilium chloraster

authorship: (Baker) E.H.Wilson

Lilium japonicum var. brownii

authorship: (Lemoinier) Baker

Lilium japonicum var. colchesteri

authorship: Van Houtte

name: Lilium longiflorum var. purpureoviolaceum

Lilium odorum

authorship: Planch.

Lilium wenshanense

authorship: L.J.Peng & F.X.Li

codes: CHN CHC CHS MYA

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 230 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese Lily
Brown's lily

names: 百合 野百合

source: GIFT

authors: Lemoinier

published_in: Ann Soc. Hort. Dép. N. 13: 7


slug: lilium-bulbiferum

scientific: Lilium bulbiferum

authorship: L.

epithet: bulbiferum

preferred: orange lily

Lilium aurantiacum

authorship: Weston

Lilium biligulatum

authorship: Baker

Lilium bulbiferum prol. croceum

authorship: (Chaix) Rouy

Lilium bulbiferum subsp. croceum

authorship: (Chaix) Baker

Lilium bulbiferum var. atrosanguineum

authorship: (H.Vilm.) G.F.Wilson

Lilium bulbiferum var. aurantiacum

authorship: Regel

Lilium bulbiferum var. chaixii

authorship: (Elwes) Stoker

Lilium bulbiferum var. croceum

authorship: (Chaix) Pers.

Lilium bulbiferum var. maius

authorship: Gaudin

Lilium bulbiferum var. sanguineum

authorship: (Lindl.) G.F.Wilson

Lilium croceum

authorship: Chaix

Lilium croceum var. bulbiferum

authorship: (L.) P.Fourn.

Lilium elatum

authorship: Salisb.

Lilium fulgens

authorship: É.Morren ex Spae

Lilium haematochroum

authorship: Lem.

Lilium humile

authorship: Mill.

Lilium latifolium

authorship: Link

Lilium luteum

authorship: Gaterau

Lilium pubescens

authorship: Bernh. ex Hornem.

Lilium sanguineum

authorship: Lindl.

Lilium scabrum

authorship: Moench

Lilium sibiricum

authorship: Willd.

codes: AUT COR CZE FRA GER HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SWI

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2045 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
orange lily
Orange-lily

names:
Feuer-Lilie
Artengruppe Feuer-Lilie

names:
Lis orangé à bulbille
Lis safrane

names:
Giglio di San Giovanni
Giglio rosso

names:
Lilia bulwkowata
smolinos

names: Лілія цибулинконосна

names:
brandgul lilja
brandlilja

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Ferdinandea cuprea
Lasioglossum euboeense
Papilio machaon
Stictocephala bisonia

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris

label: Hosts

partners:
Agrostis capillaris
Carlina acaulis
Festuca rubra
Hypericum maculatum
Stellaria graminea

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)


slug: lilium-callosum

scientific: Lilium callosum

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: callosum

Lilium callosum var. stenophyllum

authorship: (Baker) Elwes

Lilium flaviflorum

authorship: (Makino) Koidz.

Lilium kanashiroi

authorship: Hayata

Lilium mandshuricum

authorship: Gand.

Lilium taqueti

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Lilium tenuifolium var. stenophyllum

authorship: Baker

codes: CHS CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM NNS PRM TAI

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Primorye

code: PRM

Taiwan

code: TAI

names:
Siebold's Lily
Slim-stem Lily

names: 条叶百合 野小百合

names:
Лилия мозолелистая
Лилия мозолистая

names: ノヒメユリ no-hime-yuri

label: Flowering months

value: Jul-Aug

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: Wikidata

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Siebold & Zucc.

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 86, t. 14


slug: lilium-canadense

scientific: Lilium canadense

authorship: L.

epithet: canadense

preferred: Canada lily

Lilium canadense f. flavum

authorship: (Pursh) Vict.

Lilium canadense f. peramoenum

authorship: (Farw.) B.Boivin & Cody

Lilium canadense f. rubrum

authorship: Britton

Lilium canadense var. coccineum

authorship: Pursh

Lilium canadense var. editorum

authorship: Fernald

Lilium canadense var. pluriflorum

authorship: Hook.

Lilium michiganense f. peramoenum

authorship: (Farw.) Stoker

Lilium penduliflorum

authorship: Redouté

Lilium pendulum

authorship: Spae

Lilium peramoenum

authorship: Farw.

Lilium philadelphicum subsp. editorum

authorship: (Fernald) Wherry

Lilium pulchrum

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC GEO KTY MAI MRY MAS NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1910 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Лилия канадская

partners:
Dolichovespula arenaria
Lycaena hypophlaeas
Trochilidae

partners:
Coleomegilla maculata
Dolichovespula arenaria
Lilioceris lilii

partners:
Hymenia perspectalis
Lilioceris lilii
Papaipema cerina

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: lilium-candidum

scientific: Lilium candidum

epithet: candidum

preferred: Madonna lily

Lilium album

authorship: Houtt.

Lilium candidum f. peregrinum

authorship: (Mill.) Voss

Lilium candidum f. striatum

authorship: (Baker) Voss

Lilium candidum subsp. peregrinum

authorship: (Mill.) Baker

Lilium candidum var. aureomarginatum

authorship: Elwes

Lilium candidum var. cernuum

authorship: Weston

Lilium candidum var. peregrinum

authorship: (Mill.) Pers.

Lilium candidum var. purpureostriatum

authorship: Souillet

Lilium candidum var. salonikae

authorship: Stoker

Lilium peregrinum

authorship: Mill.

codes: EAI LBS PAL TUR GRC YUG

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 385 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Madonna lily
White Lily

names:
Azucena blanca
Casablanca

names: 圣母百合 聖母百合

names: açucena açucena-branca

names:
Лилия белоснежная
lilija belaja

names: Madonnen-Lilie Madonnenlilie

names:
Lis blanc
Lis candide, Lis blanc

names:
Giglio candido
Giglio di Sant'Antonio

names:
lilie bělostná
lilie bílá

label: Visited by

partners:
Lilioceris lilii
Misumena vatia

partners:
Uromyces aecidiiformis
Lilioceris lilii

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)


slug: lilium-carniolicum

scientific: Lilium carniolicum

authorship: Bernh. ex W.D.J.Koch

epithet: carniolicum

Lilium pomponium var. carniolicum

authorship: (Bernh. ex W.D.J.Koch) Fiori

Lilium pyrenaicum subsp. carniolicum

authorship: (Bernh. ex W.D.J.Koch) V.A.Matthews

codes: AUT ITA YUG

Austria

code: AUT

Italy

code: ITA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 329 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
zlato jabolko
kranjska lilija

authors: Bernh. ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

published_in: Deutschl. Fl. (Röhling), ed. 3. 2: 536

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lilium-catesbaei

scientific: Lilium catesbaei

authorship: Walter

epithet: catesbaei

preferred: pine lily

Lilium carolinianum

authorship: Bosc ex Lam.

Lilium catesbaei subsp. asprellum

authorship: Wherry

Lilium catesbaei var. asprellum

authorship: (Wherry) Stearn

Lilium catesbaei var. longii

authorship: Fernald

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1722 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pine lily
Catesby's lily

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 123


slug: lilium-cernuum

scientific: Lilium cernuum

authorship: Kom.

epithet: cernuum

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada  20: 461 (1901)

Lilium cernuum var. atropurpureum

authorship: Nakai

Lilium graminifolium

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

codes: KOR CHM PRM

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lilac Lily
Nodding lily

names:
垂花百合
chui hua bai he

names: Лилия поникающая

names: マツバユリ matsuba-yuri

authors: Kom.

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada xx. 461

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lilium-chalcedonicum

scientific: Lilium chalcedonicum

authorship: L.

epithet: chalcedonicum

Lilium byzantinum

authorship: Duch.

Lilium carniolicum

authorship: Heldr. ex Freyn

Lilium chalcedonicum subsp. heldreichii

authorship: (Freyn) K.Richt.

name: Lilium chalcedonicum var. dilute-miniatum

Lilium heldreichii

authorship: Freyn

Lilium miniatum

authorship: Salisb.

codes: ALB GRC

Albania

code: ALB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Chalcedonian Lily
Red Martagon Of Constantinople

names: Лилия халкедонская

names: Λείριο το χαλκηδονικό

authors: L.


slug: lilium-columbianum

scientific: Lilium columbianum

authorship: Leichtlin

epithet: columbianum

published_in: J. Soc. Centr. Hort. France, sér. 2, 5: 98 (1871)

preferred: Columbia lily

source: inat

Lilium bakeri

authorship: Purdy

Lilium canadense var. californicum

authorship: (Duch.) Bol.

Lilium canadense var. parviflorum

authorship: Hook.

Lilium lucidum

authorship: Kellogg

Lilium nitidum

authorship: W.Bull ex Baker

Lilium parviflorum

authorship: (Hook.) W.G.Sm.

Lilium purdyi

authorship: Waugh

Lilium sayii

authorship: Nutt. ex Duch.

codes: BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Lilium superbum

slug: lilium-superbum

species: Lilium pardalinum

slug: lilium-pardalinum

names:
Columbia lily
Columbia Tiger Lily

names: Лилия колумбийская

names:
Lys de Colombie
lis du Columbia

partners:
Apoidea
Parnassius clodius

partners:
Papilio eurymedon
Papilio rutulus

label: Eaten by

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

published_in: J. Soc. Centr. Hort. France ser. 2, 5(4-5): 98