slug: parietaria-officinalis

scientific: Parietaria officinalis

epithet: officinalis

preferred: erect pellitory-of-the-wall

english:
erect pellitory-of-the-wall
lichwort
pellitory-of-the-wall
upright pellitory

Parietaria assurgens

authorship: Poir.

Parietaria diffusa

authorship: Schur

Parietaria erecta

authorship: Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Parietaria muralis

authorship: Salisb.

Parietaria nitida

authorship: Miq.

Parietaria officinalis subsp. erecta

authorship: (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Schübl. & G.Martens

Parietaria officinalis unranked elatior

authorship: Clementi

Parietaria officinalis var. erecta

authorship: (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bab.

Parietaria populifolia

authorship: Nyman

Parietaria rubicunda

authorship: Pohl ex Miq.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TKM TUR ALB AUT BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG ROM SAR SIC SWI TUE UKR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Switzerland

code: SWI

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1975 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Постенница лекарственная

names:
pariétaire officinale
Parietaire officinale

names: Настінниця лікарська

partners:
Acanalonia conica
Hauptidia maroccana
Hauptidia provincialis
Polygonia egea
Abrostola agnorista
Acanthis flammea
Aglais io
Agromyza anthracina


slug: parietaria-pensylvanica

scientific: Parietaria pensylvanica

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

genus: Parietaria

epithet: pensylvanica

family: Urticaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Pennsylvania pellitory

source: wikidata

Freirea pensylvanica

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Jarm.

Helxine pennsylvanica

authorship: Nieuwl.

Helxine pensylvanica

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nieuwl.

Parietaria debilis var. pensylvanica

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wedd.

Parietaria falcata

authorship: Raf.

Parietaria linguaefolia

authorship: Liebm.

Parietaria obtusa

authorship: Rydb.

name: Parietaria pensylvanica var. microphylla

authorship: Wedd.

Parietaria pensylvanica var. obtusa

authorship: (Rydb.) Shinners

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALA ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NEV NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN QUE SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Pennsylvania pellitory
American pellitory

names: Постенница пенсильванская

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: parietaria-praetermissa

scientific: Parietaria praetermissa

authorship: Hinton

epithet: praetermissa

preferred: clustered pellitory

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

lifeform: annual

climate: subtropical

names:
clustered pellitory
Coastal Pellitory

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: annual

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Hinton

published_in: Sida 3: 192, fig

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

iNaturalist

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: parinari-capensis

scientific: Parinari capensis

authorship: Harv.

genus: Parinari

epithet: capensis

family: Chrysobalanaceae

Ferolia capensis

authorship: (Harv.) Kuntze

Parinari capensis f. obtusifolia

authorship: Cavaco

Parinari capensis subsp. latifolia

authorship: (Oliv.) R.A.Graham

Parinari capensis var. latifolia

authorship: Oliv.

name: Parinari curatellifolia var. fruticulosa

authorship: Mildbr.

Parinari latifolia

authorship: (Oliv.) Exell

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ANG BOT CON ZAI SWZ NAT MLW MOZ NAM TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

continent: AFRICA

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Congo

code: CON

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

region: East Tropical Africa

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: subshrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 394 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Dwarf Mobola
Sand apple

names:
mmola
mobola hatshe

names: tshivhulafhasi tshivhulana

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Leucoptera parinaricola
Stigmella parinarella

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

value: shrub

value: subshrub

value: woody

label: Life form

value: chamaephyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parinari-curatellifolia

scientific: Parinari curatellifolia

authorship: Planch. ex Benth.

epithet: curatellifolia

Ferolia curatellifolia

authorship: (Planch. ex Benth.) Kuntze

Ferolia mobola

authorship: (Oliv.) Kuntze

Irvingia mossambicensis

authorship: Planch. ex Sim

Parinari chapelieri

authorship: Baill.

Parinari gardineri

authorship: Hemsl.

codes: ANG BEN BKN BUR CMN CPV CAF CHA CON ZAI GAM GHA GUI GNB KEN MDG MLW MLI MOZ NAM NGR NGA TVL RWA SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Kenya

code: KEN

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Mali

code: MLI

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Rwanda

code: RWA

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 246 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

partners:
Agapornis pullarius
Arizelocichla fusciceps
Arizelocichla milanjensis
Baeopogon indicator
Bostrychia hagedash
Bycanistes brevis
Bycanistes bucinator
Bycanistes cylindricus

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parinari-excelsa

scientific: Parinari excelsa

authorship: Sabine

epithet: excelsa

published_in: Trans. Hort. Soc. London  5: 451 (1824)

Ferolia amazonica

authorship: Kuntze

Ferolia excelsa

authorship: (Sabine) Kuntze

Parinari amazonica

authorship: Mart. ex Hook.f.

Parinari elliottii

authorship: Engl.

Parinari excelsa subsp. holstii

authorship: (Engl.) R.A.Graham

Parinari holstii var. longifolia

authorship: Engl. ex De Wild.

Parinari laxiflorum var. latum

authorship: Ducke

Parinari liberica

authorship: Engl. ex Mildbr.

Parinari nalaensis

authorship: De Wild.

Petrocarya excelsa

authorship: (Sabine) Steud.

codes: ANG BKN BUR CMN CAF CON ZAI GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO LBR MLW MOZ NGA RWA SEN SIE SUD TAN UGA ZAM

Angola

code: ANG

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Gabon

code: GAB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Liberia

code: LBR

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

partners:
Brachyteles arachnoides
Cercopithecus mitis
Pan troglodytes
Tapirus terrestris
Alouatta guariba
Arizelocichla fusciceps
Arizelocichla milanjensis
Bycanistes brevis

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parinari-littoralis

scientific: Parinari littoralis

authorship: Prance

epithet: littoralis

published_in: Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.  9: 191 (1972)

Parinari subrotunda

authorship: Rizzini

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Brazil

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: phanerophyte

authors: Prance

published_in: Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. no. 9: 191, fig. 30

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: parinari-nonda

scientific: Parinari nonda

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

epithet: nonda

preferred: Nonda plum

Ferolia nonda

authorship: (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Kuntze

codes: NWG NTA QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Papuasia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Arhopala micale
Pteropus conspicillatus

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

value: evergreen

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: F.Muell. ex Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 2: 426


slug: paris-fargesii

scientific: Paris fargesii

authorship: Franch.

genus: Paris

epithet: fargesii

family: Melanthiaceae

Daiswa fargesii

authorship: (Franch.) Takht.

Daiswa fargesii var. brevipetalata

authorship: T.C.Huang & K.C.Yang

Paris fargesii var. brevipetalata

authorship: (T.C.Huang & K.C.Yang) T.C.Huang & K.C.Yang

Paris fargesii var. latipetala

authorship: H.Li & V.G.Soukup

Paris polyphylla subsp. fargesii

authorship: (Franch.) H.Hara

Paris polyphylla var. fargesii

authorship: (Franch.) S.Dasgupta

codes: CHC CHS ASS EHM MYA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

climate: temperate

names: 铁灯台 球药隔重搂

value: geophyte

value: 1 m

authors: Franch.

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paris-incompleta

scientific: Paris incompleta

epithet: incompleta

Demidovia polyphylla

authorship: Hoffm.

codes: NCS TCS TUR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 386 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Вороний глаз неполный

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Mar-Apr

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 306

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paris-japonica

scientific: Paris japonica

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Franch.

epithet: japonica

published_in: Mem. Soc. Philom. Cent. (Paris) 24: 291 (1888)

Kinugasa japonica

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Tatew. & Sutô

Kinugasa japonica var. tomentosa

authorship: Miyabe & Tatew.

Trillidium japonicum

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Trillium japonicum

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 日本重楼 衣笠草

names: Вороний глаз японский

names: kinugasa-so キヌガサソウ

published_in: Mem. Soc. Phil. Paris (1889) 291

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paris-lancifolia

scientific: Paris lancifolia

authorship: Hayata

epithet: lancifolia

Daiswa lancifolia

authorship: (Hayata) Takht.

Paris polyphylla f. latifolia

authorship: (F.T.Wang & C.Yu Chang) H.Li

Paris polyphylla var. latifolia

authorship: F.T.Wang & C.Yu Chang

Paris polyphylla var. taitungensis

authorship: (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying

codes: CHN CHC CHS TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

Taiwan

code: TAI

authors: Hayata

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 52


slug: paris-polyphylla

scientific: Paris polyphylla

authorship: Sm.

epithet: polyphylla

Daiswa polyphylla

authorship: (Sm.) Raf.

Paris biondii

authorship: Pamp.

Paris daisua

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

Paris polyphylla var. alba

authorship: H.Li & R.J.Mitchell

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CHN CHC CHQ CHT ASS BAN EHM MYA NEP WHM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Tibet

code: CHT

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1230 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Dioscin

activities: Amebicide Antigliomic Antitumor Hemolytic Pesticide Piscicide

Alpha-paristyphnin

activities: Myocardiodepressant Respiradepressant Vasoconstrictor Vasodilator

Diosgenin

activities: Antifatigue Antiinflammatory Antistress Estrogenic Hepatoprotective Hypocholesterolemic Mastogenic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names:
Love Apple
multi-leaf paris

names: 蚤休 七叶一枝花

names: Вороний глаз многолистный

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Paris mosaic necrosis virus
Yunnan Paris negative-stranded virus

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: Sm.

published_in: Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) xxvi. n. 2


slug: paris-quadrifolia

scientific: Paris quadrifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: quadrifolia

preferred: Herb Paris

english:
Herb Paris
herb Paris
herb-paris
true lover's knot

source: inat

Paris quadrifolia var. angustiovata

authorship: D.Z.Ma & H.L.Liu

codes: ALT BRY CTA CHI IRK KAZ KRA CHM MON NCS TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX YAK AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ICE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SAR RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Austria

code: AUT

continent: EUROPE

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1974 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

Citric-acid

activities: Allergenic Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor Antiaphthic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial Anticalculic Anticoagulant Antileishmanic

activities: Antifeedant Antigonadotrophic Juvabional Pesticide

Ecdysterone

activities: Analgesic Juvabional Pesticide Proteinogenic

names:
Вороний глаз четырёхлистный
Вороний глаз обыкновенный

names: Вороняче око звичайне

names:
vranovec štvorlistý
vranie oko štvorlisté

names: Четирилистно вранско око

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris

partners:
Puccinia sessilis
Stictomischus nitentis

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: paris-tetraphylla

scientific: Paris tetraphylla

epithet: tetraphylla

Paris tetraphylla f. corollata

authorship: Mizush.

Paris tetraphylla f. penduliflora

authorship: (J.Murata & T.Yamanaka) H.Hara

Paris tetraphylla f. sessiliflora

authorship: (Makino) H.Hara

Paris tetraphylla var. angustifolia

authorship: Miq.

Paris tetraphylla var. penduliflora

authorship: J.Murata & T.Yamanaka

Paris tetraphylla var. sessiliflora

authorship: Makino

Paris tetraphylla var. yakusimensis

authorship: Masam.

Paris yakusimensis

authorship: (Masam.) Masam.

codes: JAP KOR

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 66 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ツクバネソウ 衝羽根草

published_in: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 6(2): 412

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paris-verticillata

scientific: Paris verticillata

epithet: verticillata

Paris dahurica

authorship: Fisch. ex Turcz.

Paris hexaphylla

authorship: Cham.

Paris hexaphylla f. purpurea

authorship: Miyabe & Tatew.

Paris hexaphylla var. manshurica

authorship: (Kom.) Vorosch.

Paris manshurica

authorship: Kom.

Paris obovata

authorship: Ledeb.

Paris obovata f. purpurea

authorship: (Miyabe & Tatew.) Honda

Paris quadrifolia f. obovata

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel

Paris quadrifolia var. dahurica

authorship: (Fisch. ex Turcz.) Franch.

Paris quadrifolia var. hexaphylla

authorship: (Cham.) B.Fedtsch.

Paris quadrifolia var. obovata

authorship: (Ledeb.) Regel & Tiling

Paris verticillata subsp. manshurica

authorship: (Kom.) Kitag.

Paris verticillata var. manshurica

authorship: (Kom.) H.Hara

Paris verticillata var. obovata

authorship: (Ledeb.) H.Hara

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KAZ KHA KOR KUR CHM MON PRM SAK YAK

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 677 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 七叶一枝花 上天梯

names: Вороний глаз мутовчатый


slug: parkia-biglobosa

scientific: Parkia biglobosa

authorship: (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don

genus: Parkia

epithet: biglobosa

family: Fabaceae

preferred: Clapperton's parkia

source: usda

Inga biglobosa

authorship: (Jacq.) Willd.

Inga faeculifera

authorship: Ham.

Inga faroba

authorship: Mérat & Lens

Inga senegalensis

authorship: DC.

Mimosa biglobosa

authorship: Jacq.

Mimosa taxifolia

authorship: Pers.

Parkia clappertoniana

authorship: Keay

Parkia filicoidea var. glauca

authorship: Baker f.

Parkia intermedia

authorship: Oliv.

Prosopis faeculifera

authorship: Desv.

codes: BEN BKN CMN CAF CHA GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO MLI NGR NGA SEN SIE SUD TOG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Mali

code: MLI

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Togo

code: TOG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 331 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African locust-bean
Clapperton's Parkia

names:
arbre à farine
mimosa pourpre

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Epomophorus gambianus
Nanonycteris veldkampii

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Chiroptera
Eidolon helvum
Epomophorus gambianus
Epomophorus pusillus
Nanonycteris veldkampii

partners:
Papio anubis
Agrilus giorgiae
Agrilus nigeriae
Agrilus solers
Attacus atlas
Epomophorus gambianus
Loxodonta africana
Mussidia nigrivenella

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parkia-decussata

scientific: Parkia decussata

authorship: Ducke

epithet: decussata

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 472 (1932)

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: BZN FRG SUR

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Suriname

code: SUR

names: arara-tucupi faveira

authors: Ducke


slug: parkia-pendula

scientific: Parkia pendula

authorship: (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp.

epithet: pendula

Inga pendula

authorship: Willd.

Mimosa pendula

authorship: (Willd.) Poir.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZL BZC CLM COS FRG GUY HON NIC PER SUR VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cascaron
goma pashaco

names: Andirá Angelim

partners:
Glossophaga soricina
Phyllostomus discolor
Platyrrhinus lineatus

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Artibeus concolor
Artibeus lituratus
Phyllostomus discolor
Phyllostomus elongatus
Phyllostomus hastatus
Uroderma bilobatum

partners:
Artibeus concolor
Artibeus lituratus
Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Phyllostomus discolor
Phyllostomus elongatus
Phyllostomus hastatus
Poekilloptera phalaenoides
Saguinus niger


slug: parkia-platycephala

scientific: Parkia platycephala

authorship: Benth.

epithet: platycephala

codes: BZN BZE BZC

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
Badoqueiro
Fava de Bolota

authors: Benth.

published_in: J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 329


slug: parkia-speciosa

scientific: Parkia speciosa

authorship: Hassk.

epithet: speciosa

preferred: parkia

source: wikidata

Acacia gigantea

authorship: Noronha

Acacia graveolens

authorship: Jack

Inga pyriformis

authorship: Jungh. ex Miq.

Parkia calcarata

authorship: Gagnep.

Parkia graveolens

authorship: Prain

Parkia harbesonii

authorship: Elmer

Parkia macrocarpa

authorship: Miq.

codes: BOR JAW MLY PHI SUM THA

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Malaya

code: MLY

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
parkia
Stink bean

names: 臭豆 美麗球花豆

names: Паркия красивая

names: Pete petai

names: Sator สะตอ

names: Petai Peteh

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Eonycteris spelaea
Pteropus vampyrus

partners:
Cynopterus brachyotis
Eonycteris spelaea

partners:
Attacus atlas
Cavipalpia translucidella
Chalcophaps indica
Hystrix brachyura
Lariscus insignis
Leopoldamys sabanus
Lophura erythrophthalma
Macaca fascicularis

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parkinsonia-aculeata

scientific: Parkinsonia aculeata

authorship: L.

genus: Parkinsonia

epithet: aculeata

preferred: Mexican palo verde

english:
Mexican palo verde
Jerusalem thorn

Parkinsonia inermis

authorship: Spreng.

Parkinsonia spinosa

authorship: Kunth

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT AGE AGW ARU BAH BLZ BOL BZS CLM CUB DOM ECU ELS GAL GUA HAI HON JAM LEE NLA PAR PER PUE SWC TCI URU VNA WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Aruba

code: ARU

region: Caribbean

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil South

code: BZS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Galápagos

code: GAL

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Paraguay

code: PAR

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1929 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
باركنسونية الحادة
رطمة

names: Паркинсония шиповатая

names: Parkinsonie épineuse, Quatre épingles, Catéping, Épinard, Genêt épineux

names:
Meksikaanse groenhaarboom
Mexikaanse Groenhaarboom

partners:
Apis mellifera
Calypte costae
Icterus cucullatus
Piranga ludoviciana
Setophaga aestiva
Xylocopa sonorina
Anthidiellum notatum rufimaculatum
Anthidiellum perplexum

partners:
Calypte costae
Anthophora californica
Archilochus alexandri
Ashmeadiella gillettei
Astur cooperii
Bombus vandykei
Calypte anna
Centris atripes

partners:
Homalodisca vitripennis
Philya ferruginosa
Vanduzea segmentata
Agrilus pectoralis
Agrilus prosopidis
Anatrachyntis falcatella
Apis mellifera
Bombus

partners:
Svastra flavitarsis
Trichomasthus nikolskayae

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: parkinsonia-africana

scientific: Parkinsonia africana

authorship: Sond.

epithet: africana

codes: ANG BOT CPP NAM TVL

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

lifeform: shrub or tree

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African Greenhair-Tree
Green-Hair Thorn

names: Langnadelstrauch Springbochstrauch

names: Lemoendoringboom T'ghaboom

source: GIFT

value: 6 m

authors: Sond.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: parkinsonia-andicola

scientific: Parkinsonia andicola

authorship: (Griseb.) Varjão & Mansano

epithet: andicola

Caesalpinia praecox var. andicola

authorship: (Griseb.) Hosseus

Cercidium andicola var. petiolata

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Cercidium andicolum

authorship: Griseb.

codes: AGW BOL BZC PAR

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

lifeform: shrub

value: 4 m

authors: (Griseb.) Varjão & Mansano

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: parkinsonia-florida

scientific: Parkinsonia florida

authorship: (Benth. ex A.Gray) S.Watson

epithet: florida

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 135 (1876)

preferred: blue palo verde

english:
blue palo verde
blue paloverde

Cercidium floridum

authorship: Benth. ex A.Gray

authorship: Torr.

Cercidium floridum subsp. peninsulare

authorship: (Rose) Carter

Cercidium peninsulare

authorship: Rose

Cercidium torreyanum

authorship: (S.Watson) Sarg.

codes: ARI CAL MXE MXN NEV

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2005 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Acmaeodera tuta
Acmaeodera vernalis
Amphispiza bilineata
Apidae
Apis mellifera
Auriparus flaviceps
Calypte costae
Cardellina pusilla

partners:
Auriparus flaviceps
Danaus plexippus
Enchenopa permutata

partners:
Acromyrmex versicolor
Auriparus flaviceps
Callipepla gambelii
Sauromalus ater
Syssphinx heiligbrodti
Zenaida asiatica

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Chrysobothris debilis
Chrysobothris octocola
Hippomelas caelatus
Lampetis webbii
Microdontomerus anthonomi
Paratyndaris olneyae
Polycesta velasco

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: (Benth. ex A.Gray) S.Watson

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 135

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: parkinsonia-microphylla

scientific: Parkinsonia microphylla

epithet: microphylla

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5; 4): 82 (1857)

preferred: yellow paloverde

Cercidiopsis microphylla

authorship: (Torr.) Britton & Rose

Cercidium microphyllum

authorship: (Torr.) Rose & I.M.Johnst.

codes: ARI CAL MXN

names:
yellow paloverde
Littleleaf Palo Verde

names:
Amapa de castilla
Palo Verde Amarillo

partners:
Centris pallida
Echinargus isola
Leptotes marina

partners:
Danaus gilippus
Danaus plexippus
Vanessa virginiensis

partners:
Agrilus felix
Equus asinus
Hemileuca tricolor
Syssphinx heiligbrodti

partners:
Eupelmus pulchriceps
Lyrcus maculatus
Phoradendron californicum

label: Growth habit

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

authors: Torr.

published_in: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, 4): 82

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: parkinsonia-praecox

scientific: Parkinsonia praecox

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Hawkins

epithet: praecox

Caesalpinia brea

authorship: Gillies ex Steud.

Caesalpinia praecox

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Cercidium plurifoliolatum

authorship: Micheli

Cercidium praecox

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Cercidium spinosum

authorship: Tul.

Cercidium viride

authorship: (H.Karst.) H.Karst.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW AGS BOL BZC CLM ECU GUA PAR PER VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina South

code: AGS

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Guatemala

code: GUA

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1393 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Chañar Brea
Manteco

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

label: Woodiness

published_in: Pl. Syst. Evol. 216(1-2): 63, basionym as 'Cercidium'


slug: parkinsonia-texana

scientific: Parkinsonia texana

authorship: (A.Gray) S.Watson

epithet: texana

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 136 (1876)

preferred: Texas paloverde

codes: MXE TEX

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 442 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Palo Verde Tejano
palo verde

partners:
Echinargus isola
Ericrocis lata

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Life cycle

authors: (A.Gray) S.Watson

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 136


slug: parmentiera-aculeata

scientific: Parmentiera aculeata

authorship: (Kunth) Seem.

genus: Parmentiera

family: Bignoniaceae

published_in: Bot. Voy. Herald : 183 (1854)

preferred: cuachilote

Crescentia aculeata

authorship: Kunth

Crescentia edulis

authorship: Desv.

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Crescentia musaecarpa

authorship: Zaldivar ex C.Heller

Parmentiera edulis

authorship: DC.

Parmentiera foliolosa

authorship: Miers

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ ELS GUA HON

Belize

code: BLZ

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 469 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Caxluto Cuachilote

names: 食用蜡烛木 食用蜡烛树

names: Guajiloba Árvore-da-vela

names: Парментьера шиповатая

partners:
Choeronycteris mexicana
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
Macroglossus

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: nanophanerophyte


slug: parmentiera-millspaughiana

scientific: Parmentiera millspaughiana

epithet: millspaughiana

codes: MXT MXS

published_in: Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 28

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: parnassia-asarifolia

scientific: Parnassia asarifolia

authorship: Vent.

genus: Parnassia

epithet: asarifolia

family: Celastraceae

published_in: Jard. Malmaison : 39 (1804)

preferred: kidneyleaf grass of Parnassus

Parnassia nudata

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA ARK GEO KTY MRY NCA SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 557 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
kidneyleaf grass of Parnassus
Grass-of-Parnassus

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: Vent.

published_in: Jard. Malmaison t. 39


slug: parnassia-caroliniana

scientific: Parnassia caroliniana

authorship: Michx.

epithet: caroliniana

preferred: Carolina grass of Parnassus

Parnassia americana

authorship: Muhl.

Parnassia floridana

authorship: Rydb.

codes: FLA NCA SCA

Florida

code: FLA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 138 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Carolina grass of Parnassus
Carolina grass-of-parnassus

authors: Michx.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 184


slug: parnassia-delavayi

scientific: Parnassia delavayi

authorship: Franch.

epithet: delavayi

Parnassia appendiculata

authorship: Batalin ex Nekrass.

Parnassia brevistyla

authorship: (Brieger) Hand.-Mazz.

Parnassia delavayi var. brevistyla

authorship: Brieger

Parnassia souliei

authorship: Franch. ex Nekr.

codes: CHN CHC CHT EHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

climate: subalpine or subarctic

names: 白侧耳 肺心草

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parnassia-fimbriata

scientific: Parnassia fimbriata

epithet: fimbriata

preferred: Fringed Grass-of-Parnassus

english:
Fringed Grass-of-Parnassus
Rocky Mtn. grass of Parnassus
fringed grass of Parnassus

Parnassia rivularis

authorship: Osterh.

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL COL IDA MNT NEV NWM NWT ORE UTA WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1995 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
fringed grass of Parnassus
Fringed Grass-of-Parnassus

partners: Apoidea Diptera

partners:
Syrphus
Apoidea
Diptera
Scaeva affinis
Scaeva pyrastri

label: Eaten by

value: Rhizomatous

label: Growth rate


slug: parnassia-glauca

scientific: Parnassia glauca

epithet: glauca

preferred: fen grass of Parnassus

codes: CNT ILL INI IOW MAI MAN MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NDA OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SAS SDA VER WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Vermont

code: VER

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1986 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
fen grass of Parnassus
American grass-of-Parnassus

names:
parnassie glauque
parnassie à feuilles glauques

partners:
Andrena
Andrena parnassiae
Cycloneda munda
Eristalis saxorum
Halictus ligatus
Hypocritanus fascipennis
Sericomyia chrysotoxoides
Syritta pipiens

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Andrena parnassiae
Apis mellifera
Chauliognathus pensylvanicus
Delia platura
Eristalis dimidiata
Eristalis tenax
Eupeodes americanus


slug: parnassia-grandifolia

scientific: Parnassia grandifolia

epithet: grandifolia

preferred: largeleaf grass of Parnassus

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO KTY LOU MSI MSO NCA OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 441 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
largeleaf grass of Parnassus
bigleaf grass-of-parnassus

partners:
Dione vanillae
Polistes dorsalis

authors: DC.


slug: parnassia-kotzebuei

scientific: Parnassia kotzebuei

authorship: Cham. ex Spreng.

epithet: kotzebuei

preferred: Kotzebue's grass of Parnassus

Parnassia kotzebuei var. pumila

authorship: C.L.Hitchc. & Ownbey

codes: KAM MAG YAK ASK ABT ALU BRC COL GNL IDA LAB MAN MNT NEV NFL NWT NUN ONT QUE SAS WAS WYO YUK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Magadan

code: MAG

Yakutiya

code: YAK

region: Siberia

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Greenland

code: GNL

Idaho

code: IDA

Labrador

code: LAB

Manitoba

code: MAN

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 375 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Kotzebue's grass of Parnassus
Kotzebue's grass-of-Parnassus

names: Белозор Коцебу


slug: parnassia-nubicola

scientific: Parnassia nubicola

authorship: Wall. ex Royle

epithet: nubicola

Parnassia cordata

authorship: (Drude) Z.P.Jien ex T.C.Ku

Parnassia nubicola var. cordata

authorship: Drude

Parnassia tibetana

authorship: Z.P.Jien ex T.C.Ku

codes: AFG CHC CHT EHM NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

value: annual

value: May-Jun

authors: Wall.

published_in: Numer. List n. 1246

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parnassia-palustris

scientific: Parnassia palustris

authorship: L.

epithet: palustris

preferred: marsh grass-of-Parnassus

english:
marsh grass-of-Parnassus
Bog Star
Grass-of-Parnassus
Marsh Parnassia
grass-of-parnassus
marsh grass of Parnassus

source: inat

Enneadynamis polonorum

authorship: Bubani

Parnassia alpina

authorship: Dalla Torre

Parnassia californica

authorship: (A.Gray) Greene

Parnassia ciliata

authorship: Gilib.

Parnassia europaea

authorship: Pers.

Parnassia montanensis

authorship: Fernald & Rydb.

Parnassia mucronata

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Parnassia multiseta

authorship: (Ledeb.) Fernald

Parnassia neogaea

authorship: (Fernald) Kharkev.

Parnassia obtusiflora

authorship: Rupr.

Parnassia ovata

authorship: Ledeb.

Parnassia palustris f. minima

authorship: Masam.

Parnassia palustris f. pygmaea

authorship: Bolzon

Parnassia palustris f. rhodanthera

authorship: H.Ohba & Umezu

Parnassia palustris f. ussuriensis

authorship: Kom. ex Nekr.

Parnassia palustris subsp. californica

authorship: (A.Gray) A.E.Murray

Parnassia palustris subsp. multiseta

authorship: (Ledeb.) Vorosch.

Parnassia palustris subsp. neogaea

authorship: (Fernald) Hultén

Parnassia palustris subsp. obtusiflora

authorship: (Rupr.) D.A.Webb

Parnassia palustris var. armena

authorship: Nábělek

Parnassia palustris var. calycina

authorship: Rouy & E.G.Camus

Parnassia palustris var. condensata

authorship: Travis & Wheldon

Parnassia palustris var. montanensis

authorship: (Fernald & Rydb.) C.L.Hitchc.

Parnassia palustris var. neogaea

authorship: Fernald

name: Parnassia palustris var. syukorankeiensis

authorship: Yamam.

Parnassia palustris var. tenuis

authorship: Wahlenb.

Parnassia parviflora subsp. californica

authorship: (Gray) Hultén

Parnassia tenuis

authorship: (Wahlenb.) A.P.Khokhr. & V.N.Pavlov

Parnassia vanensis

authorship: Azn.

codes: MOR AFG ALT AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI IRN IRQ IRK JAP KAM KAZ KHA KGZ KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PRM SAK TZK TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX YAK EHM PAK WHM ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ICE IRE ITA YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT ALU ARI BRC CAL COL IDA LAB MAN MIC MIN MNT NEV NWM NWY NFL NDA NWT NUN ONT ORE QUE SAS SDA UTA WAS WIS WYO YUK

Morocco

code: MOR

region: Northern Africa

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1983 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
золотничка болотная
ильинская трава

names:
parnassie des marais
Parnassie des marais, Hépatique blanche

names:
Білозір болотний
Білозір болотяний

partners:
Anthomyiidae
Bombus mendax
Botanophila fugax
Cheilosia longula
Corynoptera
Delia longicauda
Delia platura
Dinera carinifrons

partners:
Helophilus pendulus
Epuraea aestiva
Formica fusca
Anthomyia
Anthomyiidae
Argyresthia
Boloria chariclea
Brassicogethes viridescens

partners:
Cerceris nigrescens
Draeculacephala crassicornis
Hedychrum
Misumena vatia
Syrphus
Trichodes ornatus hartwegianus

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris


slug: parnassia-parviflora

scientific: Parnassia parviflora

authorship: DC.

epithet: parviflora

Parnassia palustris var. parviflora

authorship: (DC.) B.Boivin

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA LAB MAN MIC MNT NEV NFL NDA NSC NUN ONT PEI QUE SAS SDA UTA WAS WIS WYO

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Labrador

code: LAB

Manitoba

code: MAN

Michigan

code: MIC

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Dakota

code: NDA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
small-flowered grass-of-Parnassus
smallflower grass of Parnassus

names:
parnassie parviflore
parnassie à petite fleur


slug: parnassia-wightiana

scientific: Parnassia wightiana

authorship: Wall. ex Wight & Arn.

epithet: wightiana

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.  1: 35 (1834)

Parnassia nana

authorship: Griff.

Parnassia ornata

authorship: Wall. ex Arn.

Parnassia schmidtii

authorship: Zenker

Parnassia wightiana var. brachyloba

authorship: Franch.

Parnassia wightiana var. ornata

authorship: (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Drude

codes: AFG CHN CHC CHS CHT ASS EHM IND MYA NEP VIE WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names: 鸡（？）梅花草 鸡君梅花草

published_in: Numer. List n. 3755. 1831; et ex Wight & Arn. Prod. 35

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parochetus-communis

scientific: Parochetus communis

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

genus: Parochetus

epithet: communis

preferred: Blue Oxalis

english:
Blue Oxalis
Shamrock Pea
blue-oxalis

Cosmiusa repens

authorship: Alef.

Parochetus maculata

authorship: Benn.

Parochetus oxalidifolius

authorship: Royle

codes: CHC CHT ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LSI MYA NEP PAK SRL THA VIE WHM

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 443 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Blue Oxalis
blue-oxalis

names: 金雀花 一颗血

names: Парохетус обыкновенный

authors: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 240


slug: parodia-langsdorfii

scientific: Parodia langsdorfii

authorship: (Lehm.) D.R.Hunt

genus: Parodia

epithet: langsdorfii

family: Cactaceae

published_in: Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6 (1997)

preferred: Cactus

Cactus langsdorfii

authorship: Lehm.

Echinocactus langsdorfii

authorship: (Lehm.) Link & Otto

Echinocactus polyacanthus

authorship: Link & Otto

Malacocarpus langsdorfii

authorship: (Lehm.) Britton & Rose

Malacocarpus polyacanthus

authorship: (Link & Otto) Salm-Dyck

Melocactus langsdorfii

authorship: (Lehm.) DC.

Notocactus langsdorfii

authorship: (Lehm.) Krainz

Notocactus langsdorfii f. multiceps

authorship: (Hofacker & K.Herm) Neduchal

Notocactus langsdorfii f. prestlei

authorship: (N.Gerloff) N.Gerloff

Notocactus langsdorfii f. prolifer

authorship: (F.Ritter) N.Gerloff

Notocactus langsdorfii var. leprosorum

authorship: (F.Ritter) Hofacker

Notocactus leprosorum

authorship: (F.Ritter) Havlíček

authorship: (F.Ritter) S.Theun.

Notocactus polyacanthus

authorship: (Link & Otto) S.Theun.

Notocactus pulvinatus var. multiceps

authorship: (Hofacker & K.Herm) Garabelli & Wolman

Parodia langsdorfii subsp. multiceps

authorship: Hofacker & K.Herm

Ritterocactus langsdorfii

authorship: (Lehm.) Doweld

name: Ritterocactus langsdorfii subsp. multiceps

authorship: (Hofacker & K.Herm) Doweld

Wigginsia langsdorfii

authorship: (Lehm.) D.M.Porter

Wigginsia longispina var. infernensis

authorship: N.Gerloff & S.H.Klein

Wigginsia polyacantha

authorship: (Link & Otto) F.Ritter

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

lifeform: succulent subshrub

authors: (Lehm.) D.R.Hunt

published_in: Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6


slug: parodia-linkii

scientific: Parodia linkii

authorship: (Lehm.) R.Kiesling

epithet: linkii

published_in: in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67(1): 22. 1995.

Cactus linkii

authorship: Lehm.

Cereus linkii

authorship: (Lehm.) Pfeiff.

Echinocactus megapotamicus

authorship: Osten

Malacocarpus linkii

authorship: (Lehm.) Britton & Rose

Notocactus linkii

authorship: (Lehm.) Herter

Notocactus linkii f. multiflorus

authorship: (Frič ex Buining) F.Ritter

Notocactus linkii f. websterianus

authorship: Debaecke

Notocactus linkii var. flavispinus

authorship: Buining & Brederoo

Notocactus megapotamicus

authorship: Osten ex Herter

Notocactus megapotamicus f. multiflorus

authorship: (Frič ex Buining) S.Stuchlík

name: Notocactus megapotamicus var. alacriportanus

name: Notocactus megapotamicus var. crucicentrus

name: Notocactus megapotamicus var. flavispinus

authorship: (Buining & Brederoo) W.R.Abraham & R.W.Buneker

name: Notocactus megapotamicus var. multicolorispinus

authorship: W.R.Abraham & Büneker

Notocactus ottonis var. linkii

authorship: (Lehm.) Borg

Notocactus ottonis var. megapotamicus

authorship: (Osten ex Herter) Buining

Notocactus ottonis var. multiflorus

authorship: Frič ex Buining

codes: AGE BZS PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: succulent

label: Life form

value: lithophyte

authors: (Lehm.) R.Kiesling

published_in: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67(1): 22

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: parodia-maassii

scientific: Parodia maassii

authorship: (Heese) A.Berger

epithet: maassii

Bolivicactus maassii

authorship: (Heese) Doweld

Echinocactus escayachensis

authorship: Vaupel

Echinocactus maassii

authorship: Heese

Malacocarpus escayachensis

authorship: (Vaupel) Britton & Rose

Malacocarpus maassii

authorship: (Heese) Britton & Rose

Parodia escayachensis

authorship: (Vaupel) Backeb.

codes: AGW BOL

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Heese) A.Berger

published_in: Kakteen (Berger) 344


slug: parodia-mammulosa

scientific: Parodia mammulosa

authorship: (Lem.) N.P.Taylor

epithet: mammulosa

published_in: in Bradleya 5: 93. 1987.

Echinocactus brasiliensis

authorship: (Speg.) Werderm.

Echinocactus floricomus

authorship: Arechav.

Echinocactus hypocrateriformis

authorship: Otto & A.Dietr.

Echinocactus mammulosus

authorship: Lem.

Echinocactus mammulosus var. hircina

authorship: Speg.

name: Echinocactus mammulosus var. submammulosa

Echinocactus orthacanthus

authorship: Link & Otto

Echinocactus polyocentrus

authorship: Lem. ex Salm-Dyck

Malacocarpus mammulosus

authorship: (Lem.) Britton & Rose

Malacocarpus orthacanthus

authorship: (Link & Otto) Herter

Malacocarpus pampeanus

authorship: (Speg.) Hosseus

Notocactus bregmanianus

authorship: Vliet

Notocactus erythracanthus

authorship: H.Schloss. & Brederoo

Notocactus euvelenovskyi

authorship: Z.Fleisch. & Schütz

Notocactus floricomus

authorship: (Arechav.) A.Berger

authorship: (Arechav.) Backeb.

name: Notocactus floricomus var. spinosissimus

Notocactus herteri f. roseoluteus

authorship: (Vliet) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus herteri subsp. roseoluteus

authorship: (Vliet) Lodé

Notocactus hypocrateriformis

authorship: (Otto & A.Dietr.) Herter

Notocactus macambarensis

authorship: Prestlé

Notocactus mammulosus

authorship: (Lem.) A.Berger

Notocactus mammulosus f. cristatoides

authorship: (F.Ritter) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus mammulosus f. floricomus

authorship: (Arechav.) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus mammulosus f. macambarensis

authorship: (Prestlé) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

name: Notocactus mammulosus subsp. brasiliensis

authorship: (Speg.) Lodé

name: Notocactus mammulosus subsp. erythracanthus

authorship: (H.Schloss. & Brederoo) Lodé

Notocactus mammulosus var. brasiliensis

authorship: Havlíček

name: Notocactus mammulosus var. erythracanthus

authorship: (H.Schloss. & Brederoo) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus mammulosus var. orthacanthus

authorship: (Link & Otto) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus mammulosus var. pampeanus

authorship: (Speg.) A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong

name: Notocactus mueller-melchersii var. eugeniae

Notocactus mueller-moelleri

authorship: Frič ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth

authorship: Frič ex Z.Fleisch. & Schütz

Notocactus orthacanthus

authorship: (Link & Otto) Vliet

Notocactus pampeanus

authorship: (Speg.) Backeb.

Notocactus ritterianus

authorship: Lisal & Kolarik

Notocactus submammulosus

authorship: (Lem.) Backeb.

Notocactus submammulosus var. minor

authorship: (R.Kiesling) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus turecekianus

authorship: (R.Kiesling) W.R.Abraham

Parodia mammulosa subsp. brasiliensis

authorship: (Havlíček) Hofacker

Parodia mammulosa subsp. erythracantha

authorship: (H.Schloss. & Brederoo) Hofacker

Parodia mammulosa subsp. eugeniae

authorship: (Vliet) Hofacker

Parodia mammulosa subsp. submammulosa

authorship: (Lem.) Hofacker

Parodia orthacantha

authorship: (Link & Otto) Hofacker

Parodia submammulosa

authorship: (Lem.) R.Kiesling

name: Parodia submammulosa subsp. submammulosa

Ritterocactus mammulosus

authorship: (Lem.) Doweld

name: Ritterocactus mammulosus subsp. brasiliensis

authorship: (Havlíček) Doweld

name: Ritterocactus mammulosus subsp. erythracanthus

authorship: (H.Schloss. & Brederoo) Doweld

name: Ritterocactus mammulosus subsp. eugeniae

authorship: (Vliet) Doweld

name: Ritterocactus mammulosus subsp. submammulosus

Wigginsia orthacantha

authorship: (Herter) Backeb.

codes: AGE AGW AGS BZS URU

Argentina South

code: AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 331 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: parodia-ocampoi

scientific: Parodia ocampoi

authorship: Cárdenas

epithet: ocampoi

published_in: in Kakteen And. Sukk. 6: 101. 1955.

Bolivicactus ocampoi

authorship: (Cárdenas) Doweld

Parodia augustini

authorship: Weskamp

Parodia zecheri subsp. elachista

authorship: (F.H.Brandt) F.H.Brandt

label: Least Concern

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Cárdenas

published_in: Kakteen And. Sukk. 6(1): 101 (fig.)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: parodia-ottonis

scientific: Parodia ottonis

authorship: (Lehm.) N.P.Taylor

epithet: ottonis

Cactus ottonis

authorship: Lehm.

Echinocactus araneolarius

authorship: Rchb. ex Walp.

Echinocactus arechavaletae

authorship: Speg.

authorship: Speg. ex Arechav.

Echinocactus ottonis

authorship: (Lehm.) Link & Otto

Echinocactus ottonis f. brasiliensis

authorship: (F.Haage) Schelle

Echinocactus ottonis f. paraguayensis

authorship: (K.Schum.) Schelle

Echinocactus ottonis f. tenuispinus

authorship: (Link & Otto) Schelle

Echinocactus ottonis var. multiflorus

authorship: Frič

Echinocactus ottonis var. pallidior

authorship: Monv. ex Lem.

Echinocactus ottonis var. tenuispinus

authorship: (Link & Otto) Pfeiff.

Echinocactus ottonis var. tortuosus

authorship: (Link & Otto) K.Schum.

Echinocactus ottonis var. uruguayus

authorship: Arechav.

Echinocactus tenuispinus

authorship: Link & Otto

Malacocarpus ottonis

authorship: (Lehm.) Britton & Rose

Notocactus araneolarius

authorship: (Rchb.) Herter

Notocactus arechavaletae

authorship: (Speg.) Herter

authorship: (Speg.) Krainz

name: Notocactus arechavaletae var. alacriportanus

name: Notocactus arechavaletae var. limiticola

Notocactus eurypleurus

authorship: Prestlé

Notocactus glaucinus f. densispinus

authorship: (Bergner) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus glaucinus var. incomptus

authorship: (N.Gerloff) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus gracilis

authorship: Gemmrich

Notocactus grandiensis

authorship: Bergner

Notocactus miniatispinus

authorship: (F.Ritter) Havlíček

Notocactus minisculus

authorship: Hofacker & K.Herm

name: Notocactus neo-ottoianus var. stenogonus

authorship: (Backeb.) Y.Itô

name: Notocactus neo-ottoianus var. tenuispinus

authorship: (Link & Otto) Y.Itô

Notocactus ottonis

authorship: (Lehm.) A.Berger

Notocactus ottonis f. aureus

authorship: (F.Ritter) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus ottonis f. elegans

authorship: (Backeb. & Voll) Havlíček

Notocactus ottonis subsp. horstii

authorship: (F.Ritter) Doweld

Notocactus ottonis var. albispinus

authorship: Backeb.

Notocactus ottonis var. elegans

authorship: Backeb. & Voll

Notocactus ottonis var. globularis

authorship: (F.Ritter) Bergner

Notocactus ottonis var. minusculus

authorship: (Hofacker & K.Herm) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus ottonis var. nigrispinus

authorship: Luck

Notocactus ottonis var. schuldtii

authorship: Kreuz.

Notocactus oxycostatus f. miniatispinus

authorship: (F.Ritter) N.Gerloff

name: Notocactus oxycostatus f. securituberculatus

name: Notocactus oxycostatus var. occidentalis

Notocactus oxycostatus var. schuldtii

authorship: (Kreuz.) N.Gerloff

name: Notocactus securituberculatus var. miniatispinus

Notocactus spegazzinii

authorship: Vích

name: Notocactus spegazzinii var. alacriportanus

authorship: (F.Ritter) Vích

Notocactus tenuispinus

authorship: (Link & Otto) Herter

Notocactus uruguayus

authorship: (Arechav.) Herter

Parodia glaucina

authorship: (F.Ritter) Hofacker & M.Machado

Parodia nothominuscula

authorship: Hofacker

Parodia ottonis var. tortuosa

authorship: (Link & Otto) N.P.Taylor

Peronocactus minusculus

authorship: (Hofacker & K.Herm) Doweld

Peronocactus ottonis

authorship: (Lehm.) Doweld

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 229 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: parodia-prestoensis

scientific: Parodia prestoensis

epithet: prestoensis

Bolivicactus prestoensis

authorship: (F.H.Brandt) Lodé


slug: parodia-scopa

scientific: Parodia scopa

authorship: (Spreng.) N.P.Taylor

epithet: scopa

english:
Cactus
silver ball cactus

Cactus scopa

authorship: Spreng.

Cereus scopa

authorship: Salm-Dyck ex DC.

Echinocactus scopa

authorship: Link & Otto

Echinocactus scopa f. albicans

authorship: (Arechav.) Schelle

Echinocactus scopa f. candidus

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Schelle

Echinocactus scopa var. albicans

authorship: Arechav.

Echinocactus scopa var. candidus

authorship: Pfeiff.

Echinopsis scopa

authorship: (Spreng.) Carrière

Echinopsis scopa var. candida-cristata

authorship: Carrière

Malacocarpus scopa

authorship: (Spreng.) Britton & Rose

name: Notocactus rudibuenekeri subsp. glomeratus

authorship: (N.Gerloff) Doweld

name: Notocactus rudibuenekeri var. glomeratus

authorship: (N.Gerloff) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus scopa

authorship: (Spreng.) A.Berger

authorship: (Spreng.) Backeb.

Notocactus scopa f. albicans

authorship: (Arechav.) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus scopa f. candidus

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Krainz

Notocactus scopa f. daenikerianus

authorship: (Krainz) Krainz

Notocactus scopa f. erythrinus

authorship: Havlíček

Notocactus scopa f. machadoensis

authorship: (W.R.Abraham) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus scopa f. succineus

authorship: (F.Ritter) N.Gerloff & Neduchal

Notocactus scopa subsp. marchesii

authorship: (W.R.Abraham) Doweld

Notocactus scopa subsp. succineus

authorship: (F.Ritter) Doweld

Notocactus scopa var. albicans

authorship: (Arechav.) Hofacker

Notocactus scopa var. daenikerianus

authorship: Krainz

Notocactus soldtianus

authorship: Vliet

Parodia rudibuenekeri subsp. glomerata

authorship: (N.Gerloff) Hofacker

Parodia scopa subsp. marchesii

authorship: (W.R.Abraham) Hofacker

Parodia succinea

authorship: (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor

name: Peronocactus rudibuenekeri subsp. glomeratus

Peronocactus scopa

authorship: (Spreng.) Doweld

codes: BZS URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 150 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cactus
silver ball cactus

names: 小町 白闪小町

value: subshrub


slug: parolinia-intermedia

scientific: Parolinia intermedia

authorship: Svent. & Bramwell

genus: Parolinia

epithet: intermedia

family: Brassicaceae

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

label: Height

label: Flower colour

value: pink

label: Fruit type

value: pod

authors: Svent. & Bramwell

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-ahartii

scientific: Paronychia ahartii

authorship: Ertter

genus: Paronychia

epithet: ahartii

family: Caryophyllaceae

preferred: Ahart's nailwort

California

code: CAL

names:
Ahart's nailwort
Ahart's whitlow-wort

authors: Ertter


slug: paronychia-americana

scientific: Paronychia americana

authorship: (Nutt.) Fenzl ex Walp.

epithet: americana

preferred: American nailwort

Buinalis americana

authorship: Kuntze

Herniaria americana

authorship: Nutt.

Siphonychia americana

authorship: (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray

Siphonychia pauciflora

authorship: Small

codes: ALA FLA GEO SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

South Carolina

code: SCA

lifeform: annual or biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Lasioglossum nymphale
Lasioglossum tarponense

authors: Fenzl ex Walp.

published_in: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 262

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-andina

scientific: Paronychia andina

epithet: andina

Paronychia membranacea

authorship: Muschl.

Peru

code: PER

published_in: U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15: 128


slug: paronychia-argentea

scientific: Paronychia argentea

authorship: Lam.

epithet: argentea

Chaetonychia paronychia

authorship: (L.) Samp.

Ferriera mediterranea

authorship: Bubani

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MOR SUD TUN WSA CYP EAI LBS PAL SIN TCS TUR BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Camponotus micans
Carcharodus alceae tripolina
Colias croceus
Dociostaurus jagoi
Eumerus
Eupeodes corollae
Heliotaurus ruficollis
Phyllomorpha laciniata

partners:
Camponotus cruentatus
Spoladea recurvalis
Utetheisa pulchella


slug: paronychia-argyrocoma

scientific: Paronychia argyrocoma

authorship: (Michx.) Nutt.

epithet: argyrocoma

preferred: silvery nailwort

name: Paronychia argyrocoma subsp. albimontana

authorship: (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Paronychia argyrocoma var. albimontana

authorship: Fernald

codes: GEO KTY MAI MRY NWH NCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Maryland

code: MRY

New Hampshire

code: NWH

North Carolina

code: NCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 390 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
silvery nailwort
Allegheny nailwort

value: perennial

authors: (Michx.) Nutt.

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 160


slug: paronychia-baldwinii

scientific: Paronychia baldwinii

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Fenzl ex Walp.

epithet: baldwinii

preferred: Baldwin's nailwort

Anychiastrum riparium

authorship: (Chapm.) Small

Buinalis floridana

authorship: Raf.

Paronychia baldwinii subsp. riparia

authorship: (Chapm.) Chaudhri

Paronychia baldwinii var. ciliata

authorship: Chaudhri

Paronychia riparia

authorship: Chapm.

Plagidia riparia

authorship: Nieuwl.

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

South Carolina

code: SCA

lifeform: annual or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: biennial

value: variable

authors: Fenzl

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-canadensis

scientific: Paronychia canadensis

authorship: (L.) Alph.Wood

epithet: canadensis

published_in: Class-book Bot. : 262 (1861)

preferred: smooth forked nailwort

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 384 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
smooth forked nailwort
Canada forked nailwort

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-canariensis

scientific: Paronychia canariensis

authorship: (L.f.) Link

epithet: canariensis

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. : 141 (1825)

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 114 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

label: Flowering months

value: Jan-Jun

authors: (L.f.) Link

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 141


slug: paronychia-cephalotes

scientific: Paronychia cephalotes

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Besser

epithet: cephalotes

published_in: Enum. Hort. Cremenec : 4 (1830)

Paronychia taurica

authorship: Borhidi & O.Muñiz

codes: NCS TUR ALB BUL GRC HUN YUG ROM TUE UKR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

region: Middle Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 856 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Загнітник головчастий

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: Steven

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 184

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-chartacea

scientific: Paronychia chartacea

epithet: chartacea

preferred: paper nailwort

Nyachia pulvinata

authorship: Small

Florida

code: FLA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 537 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
paper nailwort
paper-like nailwort

partners:
Lasioglossum miniatulum
Lasioglossum nymphale
Lasioglossum tarponense

value: herb

authors: Fernald

published_in: Rhodora 38: 418

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-depressa

scientific: Paronychia depressa

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Nutt. ex A.Nelson

epithet: depressa

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 236 (1899)

preferred: spreading nailwort

Paronychia brevicuspis

authorship: Rydb.

Paronychia depressa var. brevicuspis

authorship: (A.Nelson) Chaudhri

Paronychia jamesii var. depressa

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

name: Paronychia sessiliflora var. brevicuspis

codes: COL NWM SDA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(1): 171

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-drummondii

scientific: Paronychia drummondii

epithet: drummondii

preferred: Drummond's nailwort

codes: LOU OKL TEX

Louisiana

code: LOU

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

authors: Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(1): 170

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-echinulata

scientific: Paronychia echinulata

authorship: Chater

epithet: echinulata

published_in: Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 52 (1964)

preferred: Eurasian nailwort

Chaetonychia echinata

authorship: (Lam.) Samp.

codes: ALG CNY MDR MOR TUN EAI LBS PAL TUR BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: אלמוות שיכני

value: therophyte

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-erecta

scientific: Paronychia erecta

authorship: (Chapm.) Shinners

epithet: erecta

preferred: squareflower

Buinalis erecta

authorship: (Chapm.) Kuntze

Paronychia erecta var. corymbosa

authorship: (Small) Chaudhri

codes: ALA FLA LOU MSI

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 293 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Chapm.) Shinners


slug: paronychia-fastigiata

scientific: Paronychia fastigiata

authorship: (Raf.) Fernald

epithet: fastigiata

preferred: hairy forked nailwort

Paronychia fastigiata var. paleacea

authorship: Fernald

Paronychia montana

authorship: (Small) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Paronychia pumila

authorship: (Alph.Wood) Core

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 88 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hairy forked nailwort
branching forked whitlow-wort


slug: paronychia-franciscana

scientific: Paronychia franciscana

authorship: Eastw.

epithet: franciscana

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 288 (1901)

preferred: San Francisco nailwort

codes: CLC CLS JNF

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

Chile South

code: CLS

Juan Fernández Is.

code: JNF

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
San Francisco nailwort
Chilean nailwort

value: annual

value: capsule

authors: Eastw.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 288

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-herniarioides

scientific: Paronychia herniarioides

authorship: (Michx.) Nutt.

epithet: herniarioides

preferred: coastal plain nailwort

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 271 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 159


slug: paronychia-jamesii

scientific: Paronychia jamesii

epithet: jamesii

preferred: James' nailwort

Paronychia jamesii var. hirsuta

authorship: Chaudhri

Paronychia jamesii var. praelongifolia

authorship: Correll

codes: COL KAN MXE MXN NEB NWM OKL TEX WYO

Colorado

code: COL

Kansas

code: KAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 621 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
James' nailwort
nailwort


slug: paronychia-kapela

scientific: Paronychia kapela

authorship: (Hacq.) A.Kern.

epithet: kapela

Ferriera serpyllifolia

authorship: Bubani

Illecebrum kapela

authorship: Hacq.

Paronychia serpyllifolia

authorship: (Chaix) DC.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN LBS TUR ALB BUL FRA ITA YUG ROM SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 323 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Приноготовник капельский

names:
Paroniquia de roca
paroníquia de roca

label: Photosynthetic pathway

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 19: 367

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: paronychia-lindheimeri

scientific: Paronychia lindheimeri

authorship: Engelm. ex A.Gray

epithet: lindheimeri

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 152 (1850)

preferred: forked nailwort

Paronychia chorizanthoides

authorship: Small

name: Paronychia lindheimeri var. longibracteata

names:
forked nailwort
Lindheimer's nailwort

authors: Engelm. ex A.Gray

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. vi. (1850) 152

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-macrosepala

scientific: Paronychia macrosepala

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: macrosepala

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 11 (1843)

Paronychia euboea

authorship: Beauverd & Topali

codes: CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR GRC KRI TUE

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Palestine

code: PAL

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

names: Приноготовник крупночашелистиковый

names: Παρονύχια η Μακροσέπαλη

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 3: 11


slug: paronychia-monticola

scientific: Paronychia monticola

authorship: Cory

epithet: monticola

preferred: Livermore nailwort

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: biennial

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Cory

published_in: Rhodora 46: 279

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-patula

scientific: Paronychia patula

authorship: Shinners

epithet: patula

preferred: pineland nailwort

Buinalis diffusa

authorship: (Chapm.) Kuntze

Siphonychia diffusa

authorship: Chapm.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 188 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pineland nailwort
Sand Squares

authors: Shinners

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-polygonifolia

scientific: Paronychia polygonifolia

authorship: (Vill.) DC.

epithet: polygonifolia

Chaetonychia polygonifolia

authorship: (Vill.) Samp.

Illecebrum polygonifolium

authorship: Vill.

codes: MOR TUR COR FRA GRC ITA POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Morocco

code: MOR

Türkiye

code: TUR

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

label: Pollinated by

authors: DC.

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 3: 403


slug: paronychia-pulvinata

scientific: Paronychia pulvinata

epithet: pulvinata

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1863: 58 (1864)

preferred: Rocky Mountain nailwort

Paronychia pulvinata var. longiaristata

authorship: Chaudhri

codes: COL NWM UTA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

Utah

code: UTA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 235 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1863: 58, adnot

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-sessiliflora

scientific: Paronychia sessiliflora

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: sessiliflora

preferred: creeping nailwort

codes: ABT COL MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL SAS TEX UTA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1946 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
creeping nailwort
low nailwort

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 160


slug: paronychia-setacea

scientific: Paronychia setacea

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: setacea

preferred: bristle nailwort

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: annual, biennial or perennial

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. i. 170

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: paronychia-virginica

scientific: Paronychia virginica

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: virginica

preferred: yellow nailwort

Argyrocoma dichotoma

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Paronychia virginica var. parksii

authorship: (Cory) Chaudhri

Paronychia virginica var. scoparia

authorship: (Small) Cory

codes: ALA ARK WDC MRY MXE MSO NCA OKL TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Missouri

code: MSO

North Carolina

code: NCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 779 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellow nailwort
Whitlow-wort

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 822

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: paronychia-wilkinsonii

scientific: Paronychia wilkinsonii

epithet: wilkinsonii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 454 (1886)

preferred: Wilkinson's nailwort

codes: MXE NWM TEX

New Mexico

code: NWM

names:
Wilkinson's nailwort
Wilkinson's whitlow-wort

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 454


slug: paropsia-brazzaeana

scientific: Paropsia brazzaeana

authorship: Baill.

genus: Paropsia

epithet: brazzaeana

family: Passifloraceae

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 611 (1886)

Paropsia argutidens

authorship: Sleumer

Paropsia reticulata

authorship: Engl.

codes: ANG BOT CMN CPV CAF CON ZAI ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Kalahari False-Passionfruit
Kalahari Green-Bubble

value: 3 m

authors: Baill.

published_in: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris i. (1886) 611


slug: parrya-nudicaulis-l-boiss

scientific: Parrya nudicaulis

authorship: (L.) Boiss.

genus: Parrya

epithet: nudicaulis

published_in: Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 159. 1867 [Apr-Jun 1867]

preferred: nakedstem wallflower

Arabis gmelinii

authorship: Willd. ex Ledeb.

Arabis siliculosa

authorship: Lam.

Arabis tatarica

authorship: Pall.

Parrya macrocarpa var. aspera

authorship: Hook.

Parrya macrocarpa var. glabra

authorship: (DC.) Hook.

Parrya nudicaulis f. albiflora

authorship: Cody

Parrya nudicaulis subsp. interior

authorship: Hultén

name: Parrya nudicaulis subsp. septentrionalis

Parrya nudicaulis var. interior

authorship: (Hultén) B.Boivin

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 626 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
nakedstem wallflower
naked-stemmed false wallflower

authors: (L.) Boiss.

published_in: Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 159

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: parrya-nudicaulis-l-regel

authorship: (L.) Regel

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 176 (1862)

source: usda

Achoriphragma ajanense

authorship: (N.Busch) Soják

Achoriphragma nudicaule

authorship: (L.) Soják

Arabis grandiflora

authorship: L.

Arabis nudicaulis

authorship: DC.

Cardamine articulata

authorship: Pursh

Cheiranthus scapiger

authorship: Adans

Matthiola nudicaulis

authorship: Trautv.

Neuroloma ajanense

authorship: (N.Busch) Botsch.

Parrya linnaeana

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: AFG BRY CTA IRK KAM KHA KRA KUR MAG CHQ CHT TVA WSB YAK EHM PAK WHM RUE RUN ASK ALU NWT YUK

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Qinghai

code: CHQ

region: China

Tibet

code: CHT

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

East European Russia

code: RUE

North European Russia

code: RUN

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Yukon

code: YUK

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

names:
naked-stemmed false wallflower
naked-stemmed wallflower

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 43: 256

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: parryella-filifolia

scientific: Parryella filifolia

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

genus: Parryella

epithet: filifolia

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 397 (1868)

preferred: common dunebroom

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ARI COL NWM UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vii. (1868) 397

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol PAFI4

license: public domain