slug: aa-achalensis

scientific: Aa achalensis

authorship: Schltr.

genus: Aa

epithet: achalensis

family: Orchidaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 358 (1920)

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: AGE AGW

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: temperate

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: herb

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: geophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Schltr.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 358

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: aa-colombiana

scientific: Aa colombiana

epithet: colombiana

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 48 (1920)

Altensteinia columbiana

authorship: (Schltr.) Garay

codes: CLM ECU

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

climate: montane tropical

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: aa-weddelliana

scientific: Aa weddelliana

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Schltr.

epithet: weddelliana

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 150 (1912)

codes: AGW BOL PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: tuberous geophyte or epiphyte

authors: (Rchb.f.) Schltr.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 150


slug: abacopteris-aspera

scientific: Abacopteris aspera

authorship: (C.Presl) Ching

genus: Abacopteris

epithet: aspera

family: Thelypteridaceae

name: Abacopteris multilineata var. malayensis

authorship: Holttum

Abacopteris philippinarum

authorship: Fée

Abacopteris presliana

authorship: (Ching) Ching

Aspidium asperum

authorship: (C.Presl) Mett.

Cyclosorus asperus

authorship: (C.Presl) B.K.Nayar & S.Kaur

Cyclosorus philippinarum

authorship: (Fée) Copel.

Dryopteris presliana

authorship: Ching

name: Dryopteris urophylla var. novoguineensis

authorship: Rosenst.

Phegopteris kennedyi

authorship: Luerss.

Polypodium kennedyi

authorship: (F.Muell.) Baker

Pronephrium asperum

authorship: (C.Presl) W.C.Shieh & J.L.Tsai

authorship: (C.Presl) Holttum

Thelypteris aspera

authorship: (C.Presl) C.F.Reed

authorship: (C.Presl) K.Iwats.

name: Thelypteris multilineata var. malayensis

authorship: (Holttum) C.F.Reed

codes: BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI SOL SUL SUM THA VIE QLD

Borneo

code: BOR

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

region: Indo-China

Vietnam

code: VIE

Queensland

code: QLD

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

lifeform: epiphytic rhizomatous subshrub

climate: wet tropical

authors: (C.Presl) Ching

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(4): 332


slug: abatia-angeliana

scientific: Abatia angeliana

genus: Abatia

epithet: angeliana

family: Salicaceae

Aphaerema spicata

authorship: Miers

codes: AGE BZS BZL

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: woody

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abatia-parviflora

scientific: Abatia parviflora

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: parviflora

published_in: Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. : 136 (1798)

Abatia verbascifolia

authorship: Kunth

codes: CLM COS ECU PER

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

lifeform: shrub or tree

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 235 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Candellillo Chuchikchi

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Alchisme bos
Apis mellifera
Spinus spinescens
Thygater aethiops

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: tree

label: Height

category: Size

value: 8 m

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. i. 136; Prod. t. 14

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abatia-spicata

scientific: Abatia spicata

authorship: (Turcz.) Sleumer

epithet: spicata

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 13 (1938)

Abatia macrostachya

authorship: Killip

Myriotriche spicata

authorship: Turcz.

codes: BOL PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Peru

code: PER

climate: subtropical

names: Ccelloteca Escobilla

authors: (Turcz.) Sleumer

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 13


slug: abdra-brachycarpa

scientific: Abdra brachycarpa

authorship: Greene

genus: Abdra

epithet: brachycarpa

family: Brassicaceae

Alyssum bidentatum

authorship: Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray

codes: ALA ARI ARK FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MSI MSO NCA OHI OKL ORE SCA TEN TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 381 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Greene


slug: abebaia-dissecta

scientific: Abebaia dissecta

authorship: (L.f.) Randriarisoa & K.Armstr.

genus: Abebaia

epithet: dissecta

family: Sapotaceae

Achras octodecemfida

authorship: Stokes.

Kaukenia dissecta

authorship: (L.f.) Kuntze

Manilkara dissecta

authorship: (L.f.) Dubard

Manilkara dissecta var. pancheri

authorship: (Baill.) Maas Geest.

Manilkara pancheri

authorship: (Baill.) Dubard

Mimusops dissecta

authorship: (L.f.) Spreng.

Mimusops pancheri

authorship: Baill.

codes: FIJ NWC SAM SCZ VAN

Fiji

code: FIJ

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Samoa

code: SAM

Santa Cruz Is.

code: SCZ

Vanuatu

code: VAN

lifeform: tree

authors: (L.f.) Randriarisoa & K.Armstr.


slug: abelmoschus-angulosus

scientific: Abelmoschus angulosus

authorship: Wight & Arn.

genus: Abelmoschus

epithet: angulosus

family: Malvaceae

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. : 53 (1834)

Abelmoschus angulosus var. grandiflorus

authorship: Thwaites

name: Abelmoschus angulosus var. mahendragiriensis

Hibiscus angulosus var. grandiflorus

authorship: (Thwaites) Mast.

Hibiscus molochinus

authorship: Alston

Hibiscus setinervis

authorship: Dunn

Hymenocalyx variabilis

authorship: Zenker

codes: CBD IND JAW LAO MYA PAK SRL SUM THA VIE

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: shrub

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

authors: Wight & Arn.

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 53


slug: abelmoschus-esculentus

scientific: Abelmoschus esculentus

authorship: (L.) Moench

epithet: esculentus

published_in: Methodus (Moench) 617 (1794)

preferred: okra

source: wikidata

Abelmoschus bammia

authorship: (O.Targ.Tozz.) Webb

Abelmoschus longifolius

authorship: (Willd.) Kostel.

Abelmoschus praecox

authorship: (Forsk.) Sickenb.

Abelmoschus praecox var. hispidus

authorship: Sickenb.

Abelmoschus tuberculatus

authorship: Pal & Har B.Singh

name: Abelmoschus tuberculatus var. deltoidefolius

authorship: T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar

Hibiscus esculentus

authorship: L.

Hibiscus esculentus var. elongatus

authorship: Berliand

Hibiscus esculentus var. praecox

authorship: (Forssk.) A.Chev.

Hibiscus ficifolius

authorship: Mill.

Hibiscus longifolius

authorship: Willd.

Hibiscus praecox

authorship: Forssk.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: BAN IND WHM

Bangladesh

code: BAN

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 897 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Gossypol

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Amebicide Anaphrodisiac AntiCorpus-Luteum AntiHIV Antibacterial Antibiotic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Gamma-tocopherol

activities: AntiCRP Antiatherosclerotic Anticancer Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antiprostaglandin Antitumor Cardioprotective

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: okra gumbo

names: Molondrón gombo

names: 咖啡黄葵 羊角豆

names: bhindi भिण्डी

names: بامية باميه

names:
bamiâ
Абельмош съедобный

names:
Ocker
eßbarer Bisameibisch

names:
Abelmosch comestible, Gombo
Abelmosch comestible, Lalo, Gombo, Okra

names: gombo ocra

names: Бамія їстівна

names: กระเจี๊ยบมอญ

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Amegilla zonata
Apis mellifera
Appias
Catochrysops
Coleoptera
Diptera
Eurema hecabe
Lasioglossum

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Amegilla zonata
Apis mellifera
Appias
Catochrysops
Coleoptera
Diptera
Dolichovespula maculata
Euplectrus varifuniculus

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Entylia carinata
Spissistilus festina

partners:
Amrasca biguttula
Amrasca bombaxia
Crocidosema plebejana
Cuerna costalis
Empoasca binotata
Homalodisca vitripennis
Jacobiasca lybica
Macrosteles indrinus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Aenasius arizonensis
Anagrus
Anagrus empoascae
Anagyrus aegyptiacus
Anagyrus chrysos
Anagyrus dactylopii
Anagyrus kamali
Aphelinus basilicus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners: Ageratum yellow vein Pakistan alphasatellite

partners: Bendhi Yellow Vein Mosaic/Mesta Yellow Vein Mosaic alphasatellite

partners: Bhendi yellow vein Delhi virus [2004:New Delhi]

partners: Bhendi yellow vein Haryana virus [2003:Karnal]

partners: Bhendi yellow vein India betasatellite [India:Aurangabad:OY164:2006]

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: subshrub

value: therophyte

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: abelmoschus-manihot

scientific: Abelmoschus manihot

authorship: (L.) Medik.

epithet: manihot

Abelmoschus ficulneoides

authorship: Walp.

Abelmoschus luzonensis

authorship: Merr.

Abelmoschus maculatus

authorship: Bartl.

Abelmoschus manihot f. platidactylis

authorship: Bakh.

Abelmoschus manihot var. dissecta

authorship: Anon.

Abelmoschus manihot var. luzonensis

authorship: (Merr.) Hochr.

Abelmoschus manihot var. megaspermus

authorship: Hemadri

Abelmoschus manihot var. mindanaensis

authorship: (Warb. ex Perkins) Hochr.

Abelmoschus manihot var. palmatus

authorship: (DC.) Endl.

Abelmoschus manihot var. tetraphyllus

authorship: (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Hochr.

Abelmoschus manihot var. timorensis

authorship: (DC.) Hochr.

Abelmoschus mindanaensis

authorship: Warb. ex Perkins

Abelmoschus pentaphyllus

authorship: Voigt

Abelmoschus platidactylus

authorship: (Bakh.) Nakai

Abelmoschus pungens

authorship: (Roxb.) Voigt

Abelmoschus pungens var. mizoramensis

authorship: K.J.John, Krishnaraj & K.Pradheep

Abelmoschus tetraphyllus

authorship: (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Wall.

Abelmoschus vriesianus

authorship: Hassk.

Abelmoschus warreensis

authorship: Dalzell

Erebennus canaranus

authorship: Alef.

Hibiscus bartlingianus

authorship: Steud.

Hibiscus canaranus

authorship: Miq. ex Mast.

Hibiscus ficulneoides

authorship: Lindl.

Hibiscus forrestii

authorship: Diels

Hibiscus japonicus

authorship: Miq.

Hibiscus manihot var. palmatus

authorship: DC.

Hibiscus manihot var. pungens

authorship: (Roxb.) Hochr.

Hibiscus manihot var. typicus

authorship: Hochr.

Hibiscus manihot var. zenkeri

authorship: (Gürke) A.Chev.

Hibiscus papyriferus

authorship: Salisb.

Hibiscus pungens

authorship: Roxb.

Hibiscus ricinoides

authorship: Zipp. ex Span.

Hibiscus tetraphyllus

authorship: Roxb. ex Hornem.

Hibiscus vestitus

authorship: Wall.

Hibiscus zenkeri

authorship: Gürke

codes: CHN CHC CHS ASS BAN BIS XMS EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MOL MYA NEP NWG PAK PHI SUL SUM THA VIE WHM QLD

China North-Central

code: CHN

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Assam

code: ASS

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

Christmas I.

code: XMS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Maluku

code: MOL

Nepal

code: NEP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Гибискус маниоковый

partners:
Colgar chlorospila
Colgar elatus
Haritalodes derogata
Talopsus albastum

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abelmoschus-moschatus

scientific: Abelmoschus moschatus

authorship: Medik.

epithet: moschatus

preferred: musk okra

Abelmoschus ciliaris

authorship: Walp.

Abelmoschus lanyunatus

authorship: (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius

authorship: (Mast.) Hochr.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. haenkeanus

authorship: (C.Presl) Merr.

Abelmoschus officinalis

authorship: Endl.

Abelmoschus pseudabelmoschus

authorship: (Blume) Walp.

Abelmoschus pseudoabelmoschus

authorship: Blume

Hibiscus abelmoschus

authorship: L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus var. betulifolius

authorship: Mast.

Hibiscus flavescens

authorship: Cav.

Hibiscus moschatus

authorship: (Medik.) Salisb.

Hibiscus sublobatus

authorship: (C.Presl) Hochr.

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI ASS BAN BOR CBD IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SUL SUM THA VIE WHM

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 433 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Farnesol

activities:
Allergenic
Antiadenomic
Anticancer (Pancreas)
Anticarcinomic (Colon)
Anticarcinomic (Lung)
Antileukemic
Antimelanomic
Antispasmodic

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

names:
Абельмош мускусный
абельмош мускатный

names: リュウキュウトロロアオイ

partners:
Amrasca biguttula
Acontia delecta
Anomis erosa
Delias eucharis
Earias vitella
Hypolimnas bolina
Pectinophora gossypiella
Ptilothrix bombiformis

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abelmoschus-sagittifolius

scientific: Abelmoschus sagittifolius

authorship: Merr.

epithet: sagittifolius

published_in: Lingnaam Agric. Rev. 2: 40 (1924)

Abelmoschus brevicapsulatus

authorship: Hochr.

Abelmoschus esquirolii

authorship: (H.Lév.) S.Y.Hu

name: Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. quinquelobus

authorship: (Gagnep.) Bân & Xuyen

Abelmoschus moschatus var. rugosus

authorship: (Wight & Arn.) Hochr.

Abelmoschus rugosus

authorship: Wight & Arn.

name: Abelmoschus sagittifolius var. septentrionalis

authorship: (Gagnep.) Merr.

Abelmoschus sharpei

authorship: Copel. ex Merr.

Abelmoschus todayensis

authorship: Elmer

Hibiscus abelmoschus var. rugosus

authorship: (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Hochr.

Hibiscus hirtus

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.

Hibiscus longifolius var. tuberosus

authorship: Span.

Hibiscus rhodopetalus

authorship: (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.

Hibiscus rhodopetalus f. angustisectus

authorship: Domin

name: Hibiscus rhodopetalus var. angustisectus

name: Hibiscus rhodopetalus var. chillagoensis

Hibiscus rugosus

authorship: (Wight & Arn.) Mast.

Hibiscus sagittifolius

authorship: Kurz

name: Hibiscus sagittifolius var. quinquelobus

authorship: Gagnep.

name: Hibiscus sagittifolius var. septentrionalis

Hibiscus subnudus

authorship: Craib

Hibiscus todayensis

authorship: (Elmer) Hochr.

codes: CHC CHS CHH BAN CBD IND JAW LAO MLY MYA NWG PHI THA VIE QLD

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

Queensland

code: QLD

lifeform: tuberous subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 205 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 五指山参 五指山参叶


slug: abies-alba

scientific: Abies alba

authorship: Mill.

genus: Abies

epithet: alba

family: Pinaceae

preferred: Silver Fir

english:
Silver Fir
silver fir

Abies abies

authorship: Rusby

Abies alba f. columnaris

authorship: (Carrière) Rehder

Abies alba f. compacta

authorship: Rehder

Abies alba f. pyramidalis

authorship: (Carrière) Voss

Abies alba subsp. apennina

authorship: Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.

Abies alba subsp. pardei

authorship: (Gaussen) Silba

Abies alba var. brevifolia

authorship: Mattf.

Abies alba var. columnaris

authorship: (Carrière) C.K.Schneid.

Abies alba var. glauca

authorship: Gordon

Abies argentea

authorship: Chambray

Abies baldensis

authorship: (Zuccagni) Zucc. ex Nyman

Abies candicans

authorship: Fisch. ex Endl.

Abies chlorocarpa

authorship: Purk. ex Nyman

Abies duplex

authorship: Hormuz. ex Beissn.

Abies excelsa

authorship: Link

Abies miniata

authorship: Knight ex Gordon

Abies minor

authorship: Gilib.

Abies pardei

authorship: Gaussen

Abies pectinata

authorship: Lam. & DC.

Abies pectinata f. pendula

authorship: (Carrière) Conw.

Abies pectinata var. columnaris

authorship: Carrière

Abies pectinata var. pendula-gracilis

authorship: Sénécl.

Abies picea

authorship: (L.) Lindl.

Abies taxifolia

authorship: Duhamel

authorship: Desf.

authorship: Raf.

Abies tenuirifolia

authorship: Beissn.

Abies vulgaris

authorship: Poir.

Peuce abies

authorship: (Du Roi) Rich.

Picea excelsa

authorship: Wender.

Picea pectinata

authorship: (Lam.) Loudon

Picea pectinata var. pendula

authorship: (Carrière) Godefroy ex Gordon

Pinus abies

authorship: Du Roi

Pinus abies var. pectinata

authorship: (Lam.) H.Christ

Pinus baldensis

authorship: Zuccagni

Pinus lucida

authorship: Salisb.

Pinus pectinata

authorship: Lam.

Pinus picea

authorship: L.

codes: ALB AUT BLR BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA SWI TUE UKR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

region: Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2006 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Limonene

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Acaricide Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiadenomic Antialzheimeran? Antiasthmatic

Alpha-pinene

activities: Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacne Antibacterial Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antipneumonic

Camphene

activities: Allelopathic Antilithic? Antioxidant Expectorant FLavor Hypocholesterolemic? Insectifuge Pesticide

Beta-pinene

activities: Allergenic Antiinflammatory Antiseptic Antispasmodic Candidicide FLavor Herbicide Insectifuge

Myrcene

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic Antibacterial Anticonvulsant Antimutagenic Antinitrosaminic

P-cymene

activities: Analgesic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antibacillary Antibacterial Antiflu Antirheumatalgic Antiviral FLavor

Terpinolene

activities: Allelochemic Antifeedant Antinitrosaminic Antioxidant Deodorant FLavor Fungicide Perfumery

Gamma-terpinene

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Acaricide Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiacetylcholinesterase Antifeedant Antioxidant FLavor Insectifuge

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Chrysoperla carnea
Harmonia axyridis
Osmia bicornis

partners:
Cervus elaphus
Argyresthia illuminatella
Cedestis subfasciella
Cixidia lapponica
Clavigesta sylvestrana
Dendrolimus pini
Dichelia histrionana
Dreyfusia piceae

partners:
Milesina blechni
Anogmus hohenheimensis
Anogmus strobilorum
Aprostocetus strobilanae
Ceranisus pacuvius
Curreya pityophila
Dinotiscus eupterus
Encarsia inaron

partners:
Acanthostigma ellisii
Milesina scolopendrii
Sydowia polyspora

partners:
Alternaria consortialis
Fusarium lateritium
Fusarium redolens
Fusarium sporotrichioides
Melampsorella elatina
Milesina blechni
Oospora verticilloides
Penicillium expansum


slug: abies-amabilis

scientific: Abies amabilis

authorship: Douglas ex J.Forbes

epithet: amabilis

preferred: Pacific Silver Fir

english:
Cascade Fir
Lovley Fir
Pacific Silver Fir
Pacific silver fir

Abies grandis

authorship: Hook.

Abies grandis var. densifolia

authorship: Engelm.

Picea amabilis

authorship: Douglas ex Loudon

Pinus amabilis

authorship: (Douglas ex Loudon) Parl.

codes: ASK BRC CAL ORE WAS

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1989 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pacific Silver Fir
Beautiful Silver-Fir

partners:
Choristoneura occidentalis
Achytonix praeacuta
Acleris variana
Archips packardiana
Argyrotaenia pinatubana
Choristoneura orae
Ectropis crepuscularia
Enypia venata

partners:
Melanophila drummondi
Milesina blechni

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

partners:
Botrytis cinerea
Fusarium incarnatum

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: Pacific silver fir is a U.S. native conifer that ranges from 100 to 230 feet tall

value: phanerophyte

label: Growth rate

value: slow

quote: ranges from 100 to 230 feet tall

label: Leaf type

category: Foliage

value: needle

quote: Most of the needle-like leaves range from 0.5 to 1.3 inches long, are bright green, somewhat flattened, and have notched tips.


slug: abies-balsamea

scientific: Abies balsamea

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: balsamea

preferred: balsam fir

english:
balsam fir
Balm of Gilead
Balsam Fir
Canadian Fir

source: inat

Abies balsamea f. hudsonia

authorship: (Bosc ex Jacques) Fernald & Weath.

Abies balsamea f. nana

authorship: (J.Nelson) Beissn.

Abies balsamea f. phanerolepis

authorship: (Fernald) Rehder

Abies balsamea subsp. phanerolepis

authorship: (Fernald) A.E.Murray

Abies balsamea var. brachylepis

authorship: Willk.

Abies balsamea var. longifolia

authorship: Loudon

Abies balsamea var. nana

authorship: (J.Nelson) Carrière

Abies balsamifera

authorship: Michx.

Abies fraseri var. hudsonia

authorship: (Bosc ex Jacques) Carrière

Abies fraseri var. nana

authorship: Lindl. & Gordon

Abies hudsonia

authorship: Bosc ex Jacques

Abies intermedia

authorship: Fulling

Abies minor

authorship: Duhamel ex Gordon

Abies phanerolepis

authorship: (Fernald) T.S.Liu

Peuce balsamea

authorship: (L.) Rich.

Picea aromatica

authorship: Carrière

Picea balsamea

authorship: (L.) Loudon

Picea fraseri var. hudsonia

authorship: (Bosc ex Jacques) Knight & Perry

Pinus abies var. balsamea

authorship: (L.) Münchh.

Pinus balsamea var. longifolia

authorship: (Loudon) Endl.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ABT CNT IOW LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NSC ONT PEN PEI QUE SAS VER VRG WVA WIS

Alberta

code: ABT

Connecticut

code: CNT

Iowa

code: IOW

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1952 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Bornyl-acetate

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Antibacterial Antifeedant Antispasmodic Antiviral Expectorant FLavor

Alpha-phellandrene

activities: Antibacterial Antistaphylococcic Dermal Emetic FLavor Fungicide Insectiphile Irritant

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

names:
Пихта бальзамическая
пихта бальзамическя

names: カナダバルサム バルサムモミ

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Clytus marginicollis
Coccinella septempunctata
Sphyrapicus varius

partners:
Ectropis crepuscularia
Lepus americanus
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
Acleris variana
Acronicta innotata
Acronicta lepusculina
Campaea perlata
Caripeta angustiorata

partners:
Adelges piceae
Aprostocetus marcovitchi
Buprestis maculativentris
Buprestis nuttalli var. consularis
Dicerca tenebrosa
Dicerca tuberculata
Elachertus cacoeciae
Euneura lachni

quote: Balsam fir is a small to medium sized coniferous tree.

quote: It is relatively short-lived and is considered a sub-climax type species in the New England states, but may be a climax type in the zone below timberline.

quote: Cones are 2 to 4 inches long, purplish in color, and stand erect on branches (as do those of all true firs).

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. [unpaged] Abies no. 3

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: abies-bracteata

scientific: Abies bracteata

authorship: (D.Don) Poit.

epithet: bracteata

preferred: Bristlecone Fir

english:
Bristlecone Fir
Santa Lucia Fir
bristlecone fir

Abies venusta

authorship: (Douglas) K.Koch

authorship: Sarg.

Picea bracteata

authorship: (D.Don) Loudon

Pinus venusta

authorship: Douglas

Sequoia gigantea

authorship: Endl.

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 344 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Bristlecone Fir
Santa Lucia Fir

names:
Пихта прелестная
Пихта щетинистая

names:
Sapin bractéifère
Sapin de Sainte-Lucie

names:
kalifornia nulg
pikasoomuseline nulg

source: GIFT

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (D.Don) Poit.

published_in: Rev. Hort. (Paris) ser. 2, 4: 7

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: abies-cephalonica

scientific: Abies cephalonica

authorship: Loudon

epithet: cephalonica

published_in: Arbor. Frutic. Brit. iv. 2325 (1838).

preferred: Greek Fir

english:
Grecian Fir
Greek Fir
Greek fir

Abies acicularis

authorship: Maxim. ex Lavallée

Abies alba subsp. cephalonica

authorship: (Loudon) K.Richt.

Abies alba var. cephalonica

authorship: (Loudon) Richt.

Abies apollinis

authorship: Link

Abies apollinis var. panachaica

authorship: (Heldr.) Boiss.

Abies cephalonica f. pseudocilicica

authorship: Guin. & Maire

Abies cephalonica subsp. apollinis

authorship: (Link) Silba

Abies cephalonica subsp. peloponnesiaca

authorship: (Haage ex K.Koch) Silba

Abies cephalonica var. apollinis

authorship: (Link) Beissn.

Abies cephalonica var. arcadica

authorship: Henkel & W.Hochst.

Abies cephalonica var. peloponnesiaca

authorship: (Haage ex K.Koch) R.Vig. & Gaussen

Abies cephalonica var. reginae-amaliae

authorship: (Heldr.) Beissn.

Abies cephalonica var. submutica

authorship: Bailly

Abies panachaica

authorship: Heldr.

Abies peloponnesiaca

authorship: Haage ex K.Koch

Abies peloponnesica

authorship: Haage ex Heldr.

Abies picea var. apollinis

authorship: (Link) Lindl. & Gordon

Picea apollinis

authorship: (Link) Rauch ex Gordon

Picea cephalonica

authorship: (Loudon) Loudon

Picea cephalonica var. panachaica

authorship: (Heldr.) Lindl.

Picea panachaica

authorship: Heldr. ex Carrière

Pinus abies var. apollinis

authorship: (Link) Endl.

Pinus abies var. cephalonica

authorship: (Loudon) H.Christ

Pinus abies var. panachaica

authorship: (Heldr.) H.Christ

Pinus apollinis

authorship: (Link) Antoine

Pinus cephalonica var. reginae-amaliae

authorship: (Heldr.) Voss

Pinus picea var. graeca

authorship: Fraas

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALB GRC

Albania

code: ALB

Greece

code: GRC

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 128 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
Greek Fir
Grecian Fir

names: 希腊冷杉 希臘冷杉

names: شوح كيفالوني

names:
Пихта кефалинийская
пихта греческая

names:
Griechische Tanne
Kefalonische Tanne

names:
Sapin de Céphalonie
Sapin de Céphalonie, Sapin de Grèce

names:
Abete di Cefalonia
Abete greco

names:
Yunan göknarı
Yunanistan göknarı

names:
Kukunaria
Κεφαλληνιακή ελάτη

names:
Gresk gran
gresk edelgran

partners:
Dioryctria resiniphila
Epinotia fraternana
Zeiraphera rufimitrana

partners:
Aphycoides
Coccophagus
Coccophagus lycimnia
Megastigmus rafni
Megastigmus strobilobius
Megastigmus suspectus
Milesina blechni
Milesina kriegeriana

label: Growth habit

label: Woodiness


slug: abies-cilicica

scientific: Abies cilicica

authorship: (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière

epithet: cilicica

published_in: Traité Gén. Conif. 229. (1855)

preferred: Cilician Fir

english:
Cilician Fir
Cilicica Fir
Syrian Fir
Syrian fir
Taurus Fir

Abies cilicica var. isaurica

authorship: (Coode & Cullen) Silba

Abies cilicica var. pyramidalis

authorship: Boydak

Abies kotschyana

authorship: Fenzl ex Tchich.

Abies rinzii

authorship: Gordon

Abies selinusia

authorship: Carrière

Abies tchugatskoi

authorship: P.Lawson ex Gordon

Picea cilicica

authorship: (Antoine & Kotschy) Rauch ex Gordon

Pinus cilicica

authorship: Antoine & Kotschy

Pinus tchugatskoi

authorship: Fisch. ex Henkel & W.Hochst.

codes: LBS TUR

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
Cilician Fir
Cicilian Fir

names:
شوح
شوح القيليقي

names: Пихта киликийская

names:
Kilikische Tanne
Taurustanne

names:
Sapin de Cilicie
Sapin de Cilicie, Sapin du Taurus

names: Göknar Köknar

names:
Cilicische zilverspar
Syrische zilverspar

names: Եղևին կիլիկիական

label: Life form

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: cone

source: Wikidata

authors: (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière

published_in: Traité Gén. Conif. 229


slug: abies-concolor

scientific: Abies concolor

authorship: (Gordon) Lindl. ex Hildebr.

epithet: concolor

published_in: Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl. Westphalens 18: 261. (1861)

preferred: white fir

english:
white fir
Balsam fir
California White Fir
Colorado Fir
Concolor Fir
Low's Fir
Rocky Mountain white fir
White Fir
White fir
White silver fir

Abies concolor f. atroviolacea

authorship: Cinovskis

Abies concolor f. aurea

authorship: Rehder

Abies concolor f. conica

authorship: Slavin

Abies concolor f. violacea

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Beissn.

Abies concolor subsp. baja-californica

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Abies concolor subsp. lowiana

authorship: (Gordon) A.E.Murray

Abies concolor subsp. viridula

authorship: (Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.Ramirez) Silba

Abies concolor var. baja-californica

authorship: Silba

Abies concolor var. lowiana

authorship: (Gordon) Lemmon

Abies concolor var. pendens

authorship: (Carrière) Sudw.

Abies concolor var. pendula

authorship: Zederb.

Abies grandis var. concolor

authorship: (Gordon) A.Murray bis

Abies grandis var. lowiana

authorship: (Gordon) Hoopes

Abies lowiana var. pendula

authorship: (Carrière) Fitschen

Abies lowiana var. viridula

authorship: Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.Ramirez

Picea concolor var. violacea

authorship: A.Murray bis

Picea grandis

authorship: Newb.

Picea lowii

authorship: (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Gordon

Picea parsonsiana

authorship: Barron

Picea parsonsii

authorship: Fowler

Pinus concolor

authorship: (Gordon) Parl.

Pinus concolor f. violacea

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Voss

Pinus conglomerata

authorship: Graeffer ex Ten.

Pinus lowiana

authorship: (Gordon) W.R.McNab

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA MXE MXN NEV NWM ORE UTA WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Picea pungens

slug: picea-pungens

label: Least Concern

names:
White Fir
Balsam Fir

names:
abeto blanco
abeto del noroeste

names: Пихта одноцветная

names: Grautanne Kolorado-Tanne

names:
Sapin du Colorado
Sapin du Colorado, Sapin concolore

names:
abete concolore
abete del Colorado

names:
Jodła jednobarwna
Jodła kalifornijska

names: Ялиця одноколірна

names:
coloradogran
kalifornisk ädelgran

names: Coloradoedelgran kolorado-edelgran

names: Дугоигличаста јела

partners:
Choristoneura occidentalis
Achytonix epipaschia
Archips issikii
Argyrotaenia dorsalana
Argyrotaenia klotsi
Argyrotaenia provana
Chionodes abella
Chionodes sabinianae

partners:
Buprestis maculativentris
Chalcophora angulicollis
Chrysobothris pseudotsugae
Chrysophana placida
Dicerca tenebrosa
Melanophila drummondi
Milesina dieteliana
Phoradendron pauciflorum

partners:
Heterobasidion occidentale
Milesina scolopendrii
Phyllosticta abieticola


slug: abies-densa

scientific: Abies densa

authorship: Griff.

epithet: densa

preferred: Bhutan Fir

english:
Bhutan Fir
Sikkim Fir

source: wikidata

Abies fabri subsp. fordei

authorship: (Rushforth) Silba

Abies fordei

authorship: Rushforth

Abies spectabilis subsp. densa

authorship: (Griff.) Silba

codes: CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bhutan Fir
Sikkim Fir

names: 锡金冷杉 錫金冷杉

names: Пихта густая

names: Gobra Gobria

authors: Griff.

published_in: Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 19


slug: abies-durangensis

scientific: Abies durangensis

authorship: Martínez

epithet: durangensis

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 621. (1942)

preferred: Durango Fir

Abies durangensis subsp. coahuilensis

authorship: (I.M.Johnstone) Silba

Abies durangensis subsp. neodurangensis

authorship: (Debreczy, I.Rácz & R.M.Salazar) Silba

Abies neodurangensis

authorship: Debreczy, I.Rácz & R.M.Salazar

codes: MXE MXN MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 80 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Пихта Дуранго

authors: Martínez

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México xiii. 621 (1942)


slug: abies-firma

scientific: Abies firma

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: firma

preferred: Momi Fir

english:
Momi Fir
Momi fir

Abies firma var. bifida

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Mast.

Abies firma var. momi

authorship: (Siebold) Mast.

Abies momi

authorship: Siebold ex K.Koch

authorship: Siebold

Picea firma

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Sieber ex Gordon

Picea thunbergii

authorship: (Lindl.) Koehne

Picea webbiana

authorship: Gordon

Pinus bifida

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine

Pinus firma var. incisa

authorship: Endl.

Pinus momi

authorship: (Siebold) Voss

Japan

code: JAP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Momi Fir
Japanese fir

names:
Пихта сильная
Пихта твёрдая

names: Momi Momi-Noki

names: Momi-Tanne Momitanne

names:
Sapin de Momi, Sapin du Japon
Sapin momi

names: ilbonjeonnamu 일본전나무

label: Eaten by

partners:
Lymantria fumida
Alcis medialbifera
Archips capsigerana
Archips issikii
Hebata abietis
Homona magnanima
Homonopsis foederatana
Oligonychus ununguis

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

source: USDA PLANTS

label: Life cycle

authors: Siebold & Zucc.

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 2: 15, t. 107


slug: abies-flinckii

scientific: Abies flinckii

authorship: Rushforth

epithet: flinckii

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46: 101. (1989)

preferred: Michoacán Fir

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Rushforth

published_in: Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46: 101, fig. 1


slug: abies-fraseri

scientific: Abies fraseri

authorship: (Pursh) Poir.

epithet: fraseri

preferred: Fraser's Fir

english:
Fraser Fir
Fraser fir
Fraser's Fir
She Balsam

Abies balsamea subsp. fraseri

authorship: (Pursh) A.E.Murray

Abies balsamea var. fraseri

authorship: (Pursh) Spach

Abies fraseri f. prostrata

authorship: Rehder

Abies fraseri var. prostrata

authorship: (Rehder) Hornibr.

Picea balsamea var. fraseri

authorship: (Pursh) J.Nelson

Picea fraseri

authorship: (Pursh) Loudon

Pinus balsamea var. fraseri

authorship: (Pursh) Nutt.

Pinus fraseri

authorship: Pursh

codes: NCA TEN VRG

North Carolina

code: NCA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1267 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
Fraser's Fir
Fraser Fir

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Dasychira manto
Dioryctria abietella
Dioryctria abietivorella

partners:
Chrysobothris pusilla
Megastigmus specularis
Pyrularia pubera

value: moderate

label: Height

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

label: Foliage colour

value: dark green


slug: abies-grandis

scientific: Abies grandis

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl.

epithet: grandis

preferred: grand fir

english:
grand fir
Giant Fir
Grand Fir
Lowland Fir

Abies aromatica

authorship: Raf.

Abies excelsior

authorship: Franco

Abies gordoniana

authorship: Carrière

Abies grandis subsp. idahoensis

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Abies grandis var. idahoensis

authorship: Silba

Abies lasiocarpa

authorship: Lindl. & Gordon

Abies occidentalis

authorship: Cinovskis

Abies parsonsiana

authorship: Mast.

Picea grandis

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) Loudon

Pinus grandis

authorship: Douglas ex D.Don

codes: BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1985 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Abies balsamea

names:
Grand Fir
Giant Fir

names: Küsten-Tanne Riesentanne

names: Sapin de Vancouver, Sapin de l'Orégon, Sapin géant

names: kjempe-edelgran kjempeedelgran

names: kjempeedelgran kjempe-edelgran

label: Visited by

partners:
Choristoneura occidentalis
Achytonix praeacuta
Acleris abietana
Acleris variana
Chionodes abella
Choristoneura fumiferana
Choristoneura viridis
Coleotechnites granti

label: Parasites

partners:
Buprestis maculativentris
Chalcophora angulicollis
Chrysobothris pseudotsugae
Melanophila acuminata
Melanophila drummondi
Milesina kriegeriana
Pucciniastrum epilobii
Rhizosphaera pini

label: Pathogens

label: Hosts

quote: Native evergreen trees

label: Growth form


slug: abies-guatemalensis

scientific: Abies guatemalensis

authorship: Rehder

epithet: guatemalensis

preferred: Guatemalan Fir

english:
Guatemalan Fir
Guatemalan fir

name: Abies guatemalensis subsp. ixtepejiensis

name: Abies guatemalensis subsp. longibracteata

authorship: (Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.Ramirez) Silba

name: Abies guatemalensis subsp. tamaulipasensis

Abies guatemalensis var. longibracteata

authorship: Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.Ramirez

Abies guatemalensis var. tacanensis

authorship: (Rehder) Martínez

name: Abies guatemalensis var. tamaulipasensis

codes: MXE MXT MXS ELS GUA HON

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

El Salvador

code: ELS

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Guatemalan fir
pinabete

names:
Romerillo
Abeto de Guatemala

names: 危地馬拉冷杉 瓜地馬拉冷杉

names: شوح غواتيمالي

names: Пихта гватемальская

names: نراد گواتمالایی

names: Ялиця гватемальська

names: Гватемалска ела

label: Growth habit

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Rehder

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 285


slug: abies-hickelii

scientific: Abies hickelii

authorship: Flous & Gaussen

epithet: hickelii

published_in: Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 24. (1932)

preferred: Hickel's Fir

Abies hickelii subsp. oaxacana

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Abies oaxacana

authorship: Martínez

Abies religiosa subsp. hickelii

authorship: (Flous & Gaussen) Strandby, K.I.Chr. & M.Sørensen

codes: MXT MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Pinabete Oyamel

names: Пихта Гиккели

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

label: Woodiness

label: Life form

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Flous & Gaussen

published_in: Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 44: 24


slug: abies-holophylla

scientific: Abies holophylla

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: holophylla

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg III, 10: 487. (1866)

preferred: Manchurian Fir

english:
Manchurian Fir
Needle Fir
Needle fir

Picea holophylla

authorship: (Maxim.) Gordon

Pinus holophylla

authorship: (Maxim.) Parl.

codes: KOR CHM PRM

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 162 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Near Threatened

names:
Manchurian Fir
Needle fir

names: 杉松 白松

names: пихта цельнолистная

names:
전나무
젓나무 전나무

partners:
Archips issikii
Choristoneura diversana
Cicadetta konoi
Coleoptera
Hebata abietis
Homonopsis rubens
Polygraphus proximus

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg x. (1866) 487

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: abies-homolepis

scientific: Abies homolepis

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

epithet: homolepis

preferred: Nikko Fir

english:
Nikko Fir
Nikko fir

Abies brachyphylla var. tomomi

authorship: (Rehder) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.

Abies brachyphylla var. umbellata

authorship: (Mayr) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.

Abies finhonnoskiana

authorship: R.Neumann ex Parl.

Abies firma var. brachyphylla

authorship: (Maxim.) Bertrand

Abies homolepis f. tomomi

authorship: (Rehder) Rehder

Abies homolepis f. umbilicata

authorship: (Mayr) Schelle

Abies homolepis subsp. umbellata

authorship: (Mayr) Silba

Abies homolepis var. scottae

authorship: McFarland

Abies tschonoskiana

authorship: Regel

Abies umbellata

authorship: Mayr

Picea homolepis

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Gordon

Picea tschonofskiana

authorship: (Regel) Mast.

Pinus finhonnoskiana

authorship: Parl.

Pinus harryana

authorship: (W.R.McNab) W.R.McNab

Pinus homolepis

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine

Pinus umbilicata

authorship: (Mayr) Voss

Japan

code: JAP

names: Пихта равночешуйчатая

names: ウラジロモミ Dake-momi

names: Nikko-Tanne Nikkotanne

names:
Nikko zilverspar
Nikko-zilverspar

names: Nikonpihta nikkonpihta

names:
Nikko nulg
lühiokkaline nulg

label: Eaten by

partners:
Abraxas grossulariata
Lobesia incystata
Polygraphus proximus

partners:
Megastigmus milleri
Megastigmus rafni
Megastigmus specularis
Megastigmus suspectus

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 2: 17


slug: abies-jaliscana

scientific: Abies jaliscana

authorship: (Martínez) Mantilla, Shalisko & A.Vázquez

epithet: jaliscana

published_in: Phytotaxa 183 (1): 28

preferred: Jalisco Fir

Abies guatemalensis subsp. jaliscana

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Abies guatemalensis var. jaliscana

authorship: Martínez

Abies religiosa var. emarginata

authorship: Loock & Martínez

authorship: Loock & Martínez ex Martínez

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

published_in: Phytotaxa 183(1): 28


slug: abies-kawakamii

scientific: Abies kawakamii

authorship: (Hayata) Ito

epithet: kawakamii

preferred: Taiwan Fir

Abies mariesii var. kawakamii

authorship: Hayata

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 575 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Taiwan Fir
Formosan fir

names: 台湾冷杉 臺灣冷杉

authors: (Hayata) T.Itô

published_in: Encycl. Jap. ii. 167; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. ix. 108 (1920)


slug: abies-koreana

scientific: Abies koreana

epithet: koreana

preferred: Korean Fir

english:
Korean Fir
Korean fir

Abies koreana f. nigrocarpa

authorship: Hatus.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 朝鮮冷杉 朝鲜冷杉

names: Пихта корейская

names: Korea-Tanne Koreatanne

names: Gu-sang-na-mu 구상나무

names: Ялиця корейська

names:
koreaedelgran
koreansk edelgran

partners:
Megastigmus borriesi
Megastigmus rafni
Megastigmus specularis

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 188


slug: abies-lasiocarpa

scientific: Abies lasiocarpa

authorship: (Hook.) Nutt.

epithet: lasiocarpa

preferred: Alpine Fir

english:
Alpine Fir
Subalpine Fir
subalpine fir

Abies arizonica

authorship: Merriam

Abies balsamea var. arizonica

authorship: (Merriam) B.Boivin

Abies bifolia

authorship: A.Murray bis

Abies bifolia var. arizonica

authorship: (Merriam) O'Kane & K.D.Heil

Abies concolor var. lasiocarpa

authorship: (Hook.) Beissn.

Abies grandis var. lasiocarpa

authorship: (Hook.) Lavallée

Abies lasciocarpa

authorship: Sarg.

Abies lasiocarpa f. compacta

authorship: Beissn.

Abies lasiocarpa f. conica

authorship: (Hornibr.) Rehder

Abies lasiocarpa subsp. arizonica

authorship: (Merriam) A.E.Murray

Abies lasiocarpa subsp. bifolia

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Silba

Abies lasiocarpa var. bifolia

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Eckenw.

Abies lasiocarpa var. conica

authorship: Hornibr.

Abies lasiocarpa var. fallax

authorship: (Engelm.) Franco

Abies subalpina

authorship: Engelm.

Picea lasiocarpa

authorship: (Hook.) A.Murray bis

Pinus beissneri

authorship: Voss

Pinus lasiocarpa

authorship: Hook.

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MNT NEV NWM NWT ORE WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

Colorado

code: COL

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Oregon

code: ORE

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

label: Least Concern

names:
Alpine Fir
Subalpine Fir

names: 毛果冷杉 落基山冷杉

names: Sapin subalpin, Sapin des Rocheuses, Sapin à fruits velus

names: berggran korkgran

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus sitkensis

partners:
Choristoneura fumiferana
Choristoneura occidentalis
Achytonix praeacuta
Acleris variana
Archips packardiana
Chionodes abella
Choristoneura
Choristoneura biennis

partners: Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. tsugense

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

quote: Needles are 1.8-3 cm long, flattened, grooved and bluish-green waxy on the upper surface


slug: abies-magnifica

scientific: Abies magnifica

epithet: magnifica

published_in: Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 318 (1863)

preferred: California Red Fir

english:
California Red Fir
California red fir
Red Fir

Abies amabilis var. magnifica

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Lavallée

Abies magnifica f. glauca

authorship: (Beissn.) Rehder

Abies magnifica subsp. shastensis

authorship: (Lemmon) Silba

Abies magnifica var. xanthocarpa

authorship: Lemmon

Abies nobilis var. magnifica

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Kellogg

Abies shastensis

authorship: (Lemmon) Lemmon

Picea magnifica

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Gordon

Picea nobilis var. magnifica

authorship: (A.Murray bis) J.Nelson

Pinus campylocarpa

authorship: (A.Murray bis) Voss

Pinus campylocarpa var. shastensis

authorship: (Lemmon) Voss

Pinus magnifica

authorship: (A.Murray bis) W.R.McNab

codes: CAL NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1160 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Red Fir
California red fir

names: 红冷杉 加州紅冷杉

names:
Пихта великолепная
Пихта красивая

names: Pracht-Tanne Prachttanne

names:
Sapin rouge
Sapin magnifique

names:
Pracht-zilverspar
Rode zilverspar

partners:
Aplodontia rufa
Choristoneura viridis
Cydia bracteatana

partners:
Arceuthobium abietinum subsp. abietinum
Buprestis adjecta
Chrysophana placida
Dicerca tenebrosa
Melanophila drummondi
Trachykele nimbosa

label: Growth rate


slug: abies-mariesii

scientific: Abies mariesii

authorship: Mast.

epithet: mariesii

preferred: Maries's Fir

Abies mariesii f. hayachinensis

authorship: Hayashi

Pinus mariesii

authorship: (Mast.) Voss

Japan

region: Eastern Asia

names:
Maries's Fir
Marie's Fir

names: 大白葉冷杉 馬里斯冷杉

names: Пихта Мариса

names: O-shirabiso アオモリトドマツ

partners:
Carduiceps meinertzhageni
Polygraphus proximus

partners:
Megastigmus borriesi
Megastigmus specularis

authors: Mast.

published_in: Gard. Chron. n.s., 12: 789


slug: abies-nephrolepis

scientific: Abies nephrolepis

authorship: (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Maxim.

epithet: nephrolepis

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg ser. 3, 10: 486 (1866)

preferred: Hinggan Fir

english:
Hinggan Fir
Khingan fir

Abies koreana f. prostrata

authorship: Kolesn.

Abies sibirica

authorship: Korsh.

Abies sibirica var. nephrolepis

authorship: Trautv. ex Maxim.

Abies sibiriconephrolepis

authorship: Taken. & J.J.Chien

Abies veitchii var. nephrolepis

authorship: (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Mast.

Abies yoneyamae

authorship: Soto

Pinus nephrolepis

authorship: (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Voss

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 107 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hinggan Fir
Khingan fir

names: 杉松 臭冷杉

names: شوح كلوي الحراشف

names:
Пихта белокорая
Pikhta Amurskaya

names: アオトウシラベ トウシラベ

names: Ялиця маньчжурська

names: Чочкомкач ньыв

partners:
Hebata abietis
Polygraphus proximus
Ursidae
Ursus thibetanus

label: Height

label: Life cycle

authors: (Trautv.) Maxim.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: abies-nordmanniana

scientific: Abies nordmanniana

authorship: (Steven) Spach

epithet: nordmanniana

preferred: Caucasian Fir

english:
Caucasian Fir
Kazazdagi Fir
Nordmann Fir

Abies alba subsp. equi-trojani

authorship: (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Asch. & Graebn.

Abies bornmuelleriana

authorship: Mattf.

Abies cephalonica var. graeca

authorship: (Fraas) Tang S.Liu

Abies cephalonica var. greaca

authorship: (Fraas) T.S.Liu

Abies equi-trojani

authorship: (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Mattf.

Abies leioclada

authorship: Steven ex Gordon

Abies nordmanniana f. aurea

authorship: Beissn.

name: Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana

authorship: Coode & Cullen

Abies nordmanniana var. bornmuelleriana

authorship: (Mattf.) Silba

Abies nordmanniana var. equi-trojani

authorship: (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Guin. & Maire

Abies nordmanniana var. leioclada

authorship: (Steven) Czeczott

Abies nordmanniana var. tortifolia

authorship: (Beissn.) L.H.Bailey

Abies olcayana

authorship: C.Ata & N.Merev

Abies pectinata var. equi-trojani

authorship: Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.

Abies pectinata var. graeca

authorship: Fraas

Abies pectinata var. leioclada

authorship: (Steven) Link ex Carrière

Abies picea var. leioclada

authorship: (Steven) Lindl. & Gordon

Picea nordmanniana

authorship: (Steven) Loudon

Pinus abies var. leioclada

authorship: (Steven) Endl.

Pinus abies var. nordmanniana

authorship: (Steven) F.Muell.

Pinus leioclada

authorship: Steven

Pinus picea var. leioclada

authorship: (Steven) Ledeb.

codes: NCS TCS TUR

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 540 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Caucasian Fir
Crimean fir

names:
Abeto de Nordmann
Abeto del Cáucaso

names:
Pikhta kavkazkaya
Пихта Нордмана

names:
Nordmann-Tanne
Nordmanns Tanne (Unterart)

names: Sapin de Nordmann, Sapin du Caucase, Sapin de Crimée

names:
Abete di Nordmann
abete del Caucaso

names:
Dogu Karadeniz Goknan
Doğu Karadeniz göknarı

names:
Kaukasische zilverspar
Krimspar

names:
kaukasisk ädelgran
nordmannsgran

names: nordmanns-edelgran nordmannsedelgran

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Chrysoperla carnea
Harmonia axyridis
Osmia bicornis

partners:
Epinotia fraternana
Acanthocinus aedilis
Acanthocinus griseus
Acanthocinus reticulatus
Acleris abietana
Actinonotus pulcher
Adelges nordmannianae
Anastrangalia sanguinolenta

partners:
Curreya pityophila
Milesina kriegeriana
Pucciniastrum goeppertianum


slug: abies-numidica

scientific: Abies numidica

authorship: de Lannoy ex Carrière

epithet: numidica

preferred: Algerian Fir

english:
Algerian Fir
Algerian Silver Fir

Abies baborensis

authorship: Coss.

Abies pinsapo subsp. numidica

authorship: (de Lannoy ex Carrière) A.E.Murray

Abies pinsapo var. numidica

authorship: (de Lannoy ex Carrière) Salomon

Picea numidica

authorship: (de Lannoy ex Carrière) R.Sm. ex Gordon

Pinus baborensis

authorship: (Coss.) W.R.McNab

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

names:
Algerian Fir
Algerian Silver Fir

names:
Пихта алжирская
Пихта нумидийская

names:
Algierische Tanne
Algiertanne

names:
Sapin d'Algerie
Sapin de babors

names:
Abete numidico
abete algerino

names: نراد الجزایری

names: Алжирска ела

partners:
Megastigmus pinus
Megastigmus rafni
Megastigmus suspectus

authors: de Lannoy ex Carrière


slug: abies-pindrow

scientific: Abies pindrow

authorship: (Royle ex D.Don) Royle

epithet: pindrow

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. t. 86. (1836)

preferred: Pindrow Fir

english:
Pindrow Fir
West Himalayan Fir

Abies chiloensis

authorship: hort. ex Carrière

Abies gamblei

authorship: Hickel

Abies himalayensis

authorship: Lavallée

Abies pindrow subsp. brevifolia

authorship: (Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.) Silba

Abies pindrow subsp. gamblei

authorship: (Hickel) Rushforth

Abies pseudochensiensis

authorship: Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.Ramirez

Abies webbiana var. pindrow

authorship: (Royle ex D.Don) Brandis

Picea herbertiana

authorship: Madden

Picea pindrow

authorship: (Royle ex D.Don) Loudon

Pinus naphta

authorship: Antoine

Pinus pindrow

authorship: Royle ex D.Don

Pinus spectabilis var. pindrow

authorship: (Royle ex D.Don) Voss

Taxus lambertiana

authorship: Wall.

codes: AFG NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Nepal

code: NEP

region: Indian Subcontinent

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names:
Pindrow Fir
West Himalayan Fir

names: Sapin pindrow, Sapin de l'ouest de l’Himalaya

names: Гималаись ньыв

names: Гималай ньылпу

label: Parasites

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: herb

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Leaf retention

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jul


slug: abies-pinsapo

scientific: Abies pinsapo

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: pinsapo

published_in: Biblioth. Universelle Genève n.s., 13: 402. (1838)

preferred: Spanish Fir

english:
Spanish Fir
Spanish fir

Abies hispanica

authorship: Chambray

Abies pinsapo f. argentea

authorship: (J.Nelson) Rehder

Abies pinsapo f. glauca

authorship: (Carrière) Beissn.

Abies pinsapo f. pendula

authorship: Beissn.

Abies pinsapo subsp. hispanica

authorship: (Chambray) Maire

Abies pinsapo var. argentea

authorship: (J.Nelson) Beissn.

Abies pinsapo var. glauca

authorship: Carrière

Abies pinsapo var. hispanica

authorship: Christ

Abies pinsapo var. pendula

authorship: (Beissn.) C.K.Schneid.

Picea pinsapo

authorship: (Boiss.) Loudon

Picea pinsapo var. glauca

authorship: (Carrière) Gordon

Pinus pinsapo

authorship: (Boiss.) Antoine

Pinus pinsapo f. glauca

authorship: (Carrière) Voss

Pinus sapo

authorship: d'Ounous

Spain

code: SPA

region: Southwestern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 562 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Endangered

names:
Spanish Fir
hedgehog fir

names: Pinsapo pino

names:
Abeto espanhol
abeto-de-espanha

names: Пихта испанская

names:
Igeltanne
spanische Tanne

names:
Sapin d'Andalousie
Sapin d'Espagne

names:
İspanya göknarı
İspanyol göknarı

names: نراد اسپانیایی

label: Pathogens

partners:
Heterobasidion abietinum
Sydowia polyspora

value: perennial

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Not. Abies Pinsapo 8


slug: abies-procera

scientific: Abies procera

authorship: Rehder

epithet: procera

preferred: Noble Fir

english:
Noble Fir
noble fir

Abies nobilis

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl.

Abies nobilis var. argentea

authorship: Freudenberg

Abies nobilis var. compacta

authorship: Chitt.

Abies nobilis var. glauca

authorship: (Ravenscr.) Carrière

Abies nobilis var. glaucophylla

authorship: Sudw.

Abies nobilis var. prostrata

authorship: Chitt. ex Hornibr.

Abies nobilis var. robusta

authorship: (Veitch ex Carrière) Beissn.

Abies procera f. glauca

authorship: (Ravenscr.) Rehder

Abies procera f. prostrata

authorship: (Chitt. ex Hornibr.) Rehder

Picea nobilis

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) Loudon

Picea nobilis var. glauca

authorship: Ravenscr.

Pinus nobilis

authorship: Douglas ex D.Don

Pinus nobilis f. glauca

authorship: (Ravenscr.) Voss

Pseudotsuga nobilis

authorship: (Douglas ex D.Don) W.R.McNab

codes: CAL ORE WAS

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
noble fir
Christmastree

names: 壮丽冷杉 壯麗冷杉

names:
Пихта благородная
Пихта высокая

names: Edeltanne Edel-Tanne

names:
Sapin noble
Sapin élevé

names: Nobilisspar Edelspar

names: Ялиця величава

names: Sølv-Gran Nobilis

names: nobel-edelgran nobelgran

names: Nobeledelgran nobelgran

label: Visited by

partners:
Hypnum circinale
Trochophyllohypnum circinale

partners:
Dreyfusia piceae
Haemorhous purpureus
Hesperiphona vespertina
Hylaius oregonensis
Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii

partners:
Curreya pityophila
Megastigmus milleri
Megastigmus pinus
Megastigmus rafni
Melanophila drummondi
Mesopolobus pinus

partners:
Coniferiporia weirii
Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii
Sydowia polyspora

label: Growth habit

value: woody

label: Growth form

value: rapid


slug: abies-religiosa

scientific: Abies religiosa

authorship: (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.

epithet: religiosa

preferred: Oyamel Fir

english:
Oyamel Fir
Sacred Fir

Abies colimensis

authorship: Rushforth & Narave

Abies glauca

authorship: Roezl ex Gordon

Abies glaucescens

authorship: Roezl

Abies hirtella

authorship: (Kunth) Lindl.

authorship: (Kunth) Mirb.

Abies mexicana

authorship: Martínez

Abies religiosa subsp. colimensis

authorship: (Rushforth & Narave) Silba

Abies religiosa subsp. glaucescens

authorship: (Roezl) Silba

Abies religiosa subsp. perotensis

authorship: (Silba) Silba

Abies religiosa var. glaucescens

authorship: Carrière

Abies religiosa var. hirtella

authorship: (Kunth) Carrière

Abies religiosa var. perotensis

authorship: Silba

Abies vejarii subsp. mexicana

authorship: (Martínez) Farjon

Abies vejarii var. mexicana

authorship: (Martínez) Tang S.Liu

Picea glaucescens

authorship: (Roezl) Gordon & Glend.

Picea hirtella

authorship: (Kunth) Loudon

Pinus hirtella

authorship: Kunth

Pinus religiosa var. minor

authorship: Parl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS GUA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1260 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Oyamel Fir
Sacred Fir

value: tree

label: Woodiness

label: Life form

label: Photosynthetic pathway


slug: abies-sachalinensis

scientific: Abies sachalinensis

authorship: (F.Schmidt) Mast.

epithet: sachalinensis

preferred: Sakhalin Fir

Abies akatodo

authorship: Miyabe ex Sarg.

Abies gracilis

authorship: Kom.

Abies mayriana

authorship: (Miyabe & Kudô) Miyabe & Kudô

Abies nemorensis

authorship: (Mayr) Miyabe & Kudô

Abies nephrolepis subsp. sachalinensis

authorship: (F.Schmidt) Vorosch.

Abies sachalinensis f. corticosa

authorship: (Tatew.) Hayashi

Abies sachalinensis subsp. gracilis

authorship: (Kom.) Silba

Abies sachalinensis subsp. mayriana

authorship: (Miyabe & Kudô) Silba

Abies sachalinensis subsp. nemorensis

authorship: (Mayr) Silba

Abies sachalinensis var. corticosa

authorship: Tatew.

Abies sachalinensis var. wilsonii

authorship: (Miyabe & Kudô) R.Vig. & Gaussen

Abies sibirica var. gracilis

authorship: (Kom.) Potschke

Abies wilsonii

authorship: Miyabe & Kudô

Pinus sachalinensis

authorship: (F.Schmidt) Voss

Pinus sachalinensis var. nemorensis

authorship: (Mayr) Voss

codes: JAP KAM KUR SAK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Sakhalin

code: SAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 243 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Borneol

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Allelochemic Analgesic Antiacetylcholine Antibacterial Antibronchitic Antiescherichic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

label: Least Concern

names: 北海道冷杉 库页冷杉

names:
Пихта сахалинская
Pikhta Sakhalinskaya

names: トドマツ Akatodo

names: Sachalin-Tanne Sachalintanne

names: Сахалинісь ньыв

names: Сахалинысь ньылпу

label: Eaten by

partners:
Hebata abietis
Hebata todo
Ainoptyelus nigroscutellatus
Archips fumosus
Archips issikii
Choristoneura diversana
Lobesia incystata
Piniphila bifasciana

authors: (F.Schmidt) Mast.

published_in: Gard. Chron. n.s., 12: 588


slug: abies-sibirica

scientific: Abies sibirica

authorship: Ledeb.

epithet: sibirica

preferred: Siberian Fir

Abies krylovii

authorship: Golub

Abies sibirica f. alpina

authorship: Poljakov

authorship: Poljakov ex Kom.

Abies sibirica var. alpina

authorship: (Poljakov) Silba

Abies sibirica var. semenovii

authorship: (B.Fedtsch.) T.S.Liu

Picea pichta

authorship: (Fisch. ex Jacques) Loudon

Picea sibirica

authorship: Gordon

Pinus picea

authorship: Pall.

Pinus pichta

authorship: (J.Forbes) Fisch. ex Endl.

Pinus sibirica

authorship: (Ledeb.) Turcz.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA IRK KHA KGZ KRA TVA WSB CHX YAK RUE RUN

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Tuva

code: TVA

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

North European Russia

code: RUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2070 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 杉松 新疆冷杉

names:
pichta
пихта сибирская

names:
pichtagran
sibirisk ädelgran

names: sibir-edelgran sibiredelgran

names: sibiredelgran sibir-edelgran

partners:
Aguriahana germari
Bathysmatophorus shabliovskii
Cixidia lapponica
Pithyotettix sibiricus
Dendrolimus sibiricus
Polygraphus proximus
Thera variata

partners:
Ascocalyx berenice
Melampsorella elatina
Phaeolus schweinitzii
Porodaedalea pini


slug: abies-veitchii

scientific: Abies veitchii

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: veitchii

preferred: Veitch Fir

english:
Veitch Fir
Veitch's Fir
Veitch's silver-fir
Christmastree

Abies eichleri

authorship: Lauche

Abies nordmanniana var. eichleri

authorship: (Lauche) Beissn.

Abies sikokiana

authorship: Nakai

Abies veitchii f. olivacea

authorship: (Shiras.) Cinovskis

Abies veitchii subsp. sikokiana

authorship: Silba

Abies veitchii var. komagatakensis

authorship: Hayashi

Abies veitchii var. nikkoensis

authorship: Mayr

Abies veitchii var. olivacea

authorship: Shiras.

Abies veitchii var. reflexa

authorship: Koidz.

Picea veitchii

authorship: (Lindl.) Gordon & Glend.

Pinus nephrolepis var. veitchii

authorship: (Lindl.) Voss

Pinus selenolepis

authorship: Parl.

Pinus veitchii

authorship: (Lindl.) W.R.McNab

Japan

code: JAP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Veitch Fir
Veitch's Fir

names: 白叶冷杉 富士山冷杉(小果白葉冷杉)

names: シラビソ Shira-biso

names:
Japanse zilverspar
Honshu-zilverspar

names:
Veitch's ædelgran
Vidunder-ædelgran

names:
veitchedelgran
veitchs edelgran

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Megastigmus borriesi
Megastigmus pinus
Megastigmus rafni
Megastigmus specularis

label: Height

value: May

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Gard. Chron. 1861: 23


slug: abies-vejarii

scientific: Abies vejarii

authorship: Martínez

epithet: vejarii

published_in: Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 629. (1942)

preferred: Vejar's Fir

Abies vejarii subsp. macrocarpa

authorship: (Martínez) Silba

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 178 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Near Threatened

names:
Vejar's Fir
Vejar fir

names:
Hayarin
guayamé blanco

names: Пихта Вехара Васкеса

source: GIFT


slug: abietinella-abietina

scientific: Abietinella abietina

authorship: (Hedw.) M.Fleisch.

genus: Abietinella

epithet: abietina

family: Thuidiaceae

preferred: Wiry Fern Moss

english:
Wiry Fern Moss
abietinella moss

Abietinella brandisii

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Broth.

Abietinella hystricosa

authorship: (Mitt.) Broth.

Hypnum abietinum

authorship: Hedw.

Leskea abietina

authorship: (Hedw.) Mitt.

Stereodon abietinus

authorship: (Hedw.) Brid.

Thuidium abietinum

authorship: (Hedw.) Schimp.

Thuidium abietinum f. repens

authorship: Arnell ex H.A.Möller

Thuidium abietinum f. viride

authorship: Matousch.

Thuidium abietinum subsp. hystricosum

authorship: (Mitt.) Kindb.

Thuidium abietinum subsp. pachycladon

authorship: Kindb.

Thuidium abietinum var. acutifolium

authorship: Papp

Thuidium abietinum var. hystricosum

authorship: (Mitt.) Loeske & Lande

Thuidium abietinum var. intermedium

authorship: Loeske

Thuidium abietinum var. majus

authorship: Hamm.

Thuidium abietinum var. paludosum

authorship: Meyl.

Thuidium abietinum var. viride

authorship: Torka

Thuidium brandisii

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger

Thuidium giraldii

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Paris

Thuidium hystricosum

authorship: Mitt.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
abietinella moss
Wiry Fern Moss

names: 山羽藓 山羽蘚

names: Абиетинелла пихтовидная

names:
Hypne des sapins
Tuidie des Sapins

names: Яличка ялицева

names: Gruskammossa granmossa

value: nonvascular

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: abildgaardia-ovata

scientific: Abildgaardia ovata

authorship: (Burm.f.) Kral

genus: Abildgaardia

epithet: ovata

family: Cyperaceae

preferred: flatspike sedge

Abildgaardia compressa

authorship: J.Presl & C.Presl

Abildgaardia indica

authorship: (Rich.) Nees

Abildgaardia javanensis

authorship: Gand.

Abildgaardia monostachya

authorship: (L.) Vahl

Abildgaardia rottboelliana

authorship: Nees

Cyperus caribaeus

authorship: Pers.

Cyperus indicus

authorship: Rich.

Cyperus monostachyos

authorship: L.

Fimbristylis monostachya

authorship: (L.) Hassk.

Fimbristylis ovata

authorship: (Burm.f.) J.Kern

Iria caribea

authorship: Steud.

Iria indica

authorship: (Rich.) Schult.

Iria monostachya

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Scirpus schoenoides

authorship: Roxb.

codes: ANG BEN BKN BUR CMN CPP CAF COM CON ZAI SWZ ETH OFS GHA GGI IVO KEN NAT LES MDG MAU MOZ NGA TVL RWA SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR NNS TAI YEM AND BAN BIS BOR EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG NCB PAK PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE NSW NTA QLD WAU FLA MXG MXE MXT MXS CRL FIJ NWC SAM TON VAN WAL AGE AGW BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PAR PUE TRT TCI URU VEN VNA WIN

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Free State

code: OFS

Ghana

code: GHA

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Madagascar

code: MDG

Mauritius

code: MAU

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 274 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abobra-tenuifolia

scientific: Abobra tenuifolia

authorship: Naudin

genus: Abobra

epithet: tenuifolia

family: Cucurbitaceae

published_in: Diagn. Cucurb. Nouv. 2: 69 (1878)

Bryonia tenuifolia

authorship: Gillies

codes: AGE AGW BZS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: climbing tuberous geophyte

names: قرع التوت البري

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

authors: Naudin

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abrodictyum-caudatum

scientific: Abrodictyum caudatum

authorship: (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.

genus: Abrodictyum

epithet: caudatum

family: Hymenophyllaceae

Cephalomanes caudatum

authorship: (Brack.) Bostock

Macroglena caudata

authorship: (Brack.) Copel.

Trichomanes caudatum

authorship: Brack.

Trichomanes milnei

authorship: Bosch

codes: SOL NSW QLD VIC COO FIJ NWC SAM SCI TUB VAN

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

region: Papuasia

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

Cook Is.

code: COO

region: South-Central Pacific

Fiji

code: FIJ

region: Southwestern Pacific

New Caledonia

code: NWC

Samoa

code: SAM

Society Is.

code: SCI

Tubuai Is.

code: TUB

Vanuatu

code: VAN

lifeform: epiphyte

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 157 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bristle fern
jungle bristle-fern

authors: (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.


slug: abrodictyum-dentatum

scientific: Abrodictyum dentatum

authorship: (Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats.

epithet: dentatum

Selenodesmium dentatum

authorship: (Bosch) Copel.

Trichomanes cartilagineum

authorship: Vieill. & Pansch.; v.d.B.

Trichomanes ferrugineum

authorship: Fourn.

codes: FIJ NWC

authors: (Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats.


slug: abrodictyum-elongatum

scientific: Abrodictyum elongatum

authorship: (A.Cunn.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.

epithet: elongatum

Selenodesmium elongatum

authorship: (A.Cunn.Hook.) Copel.

Trichomanes polyodon

authorship: Colenso

Trichomanes rigidum var. elongatum

authorship: (A.Cunn.) Hook. & Baker

codes: CTM NZN NZS

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 242 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (A.Cunn.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.


slug: abrodictyum-laetum

scientific: Abrodictyum laetum

epithet: laetum

Trichomanes luerssenii

authorship: F.Muell. ex Luerss.

Trichomanes marierii

authorship: Vieill.

codes: BIS BOR MOL NWG SOL NWC VAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG


slug: abrodictyum-obscurum

scientific: Abrodictyum obscurum

authorship: (Blume) Ebihara & K.Iwats.

epithet: obscurum

Abrodictyum saxatile

authorship: (T.Moore) Parris

Cephalomanes obscurum

authorship: (Blume) K.Iwats.

Didymoglossum obscurum

authorship: Hassk.

name: Selenodesmium elongatum subsp. queenslandicum

Selenodesmium extravagans

authorship: (Copel.) Copel.

Selenodesmium obscurum

authorship: (Blume) Copel.

Selenodesmium recurvum

authorship: Ching & Chiu

Selenodesmium saxatile

authorship: (Backh. ex T.Moore) Parris

Trichomanes caruifolium

authorship: Roxb.

Trichomanes englerianum

authorship: Brause

Trichomanes extravagans

authorship: Copel.

Trichomanes obscurum

authorship: Blume

codes: CHC CHH JAP NNS OGA TAI BOR CBD IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE NSW NTA QLD CRL SCZ VAN

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

New South Wales

code: NSW

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: オニホラゴケ オガサワラオニホラゴケ


slug: abrodictyum-strictum

scientific: Abrodictyum strictum

authorship: (Menzies ex Hook. & Grev.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.

epithet: strictum

Macroglena stricta

authorship: (Menz. ex Hook. & Grev.) Copel.

Trichomanes rigidum var. strictum

authorship: (Menzies ex Hook. & Grev.) Field

Trichomanes strictum

authorship: Menzies ex Hook. & Grev.

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: abroma-augustum

scientific: Abroma augustum

genus: Abroma

epithet: augustum

preferred: devil's-cotton

source: usda

Abroma alatum

authorship: Blanco

Abroma angulatum

authorship: Lam.

Abroma angulosum

authorship: Poir.

Abroma denticulatum

authorship: Miq.

Abroma molle

authorship: DC.

Abroma wheleri

authorship: Retz.

Theobroma augustum

authorship: L.

codes: CHC CHS ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG NCB PHI SOL SUL THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

Maluku

code: MOL

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 163 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Devil’s Cotton
devil's-cotton

names: 昂天莲属 昂天蓮

value: shrub


slug: abronia-ameliae

scientific: Abronia ameliae

authorship: Lundell

genus: Abronia

epithet: ameliae

family: Nyctaginaceae

preferred: Amelia's Sand Verbena

english:
Amelia's Sand Verbena
Amelia's sand verbena

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 41 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Amelia's sand verbena
Amelia's sand-verbena

authors: Lundell

published_in: Wrightia 1: 54


slug: abronia-ammophila

scientific: Abronia ammophila

authorship: Greene

epithet: ammophila

preferred: Wyoming Sand Verbena

english:
Wyoming Sand Verbena
Wyoming sand verbena
Yellowstone sand verbena

Abronia arenaria

authorship: Rydb.

Abronia nelsonii

authorship: Heimerl

Wyoming

code: WYO

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

lifeform: perennial

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Aglais milberti
Autographa pseudogamma
Bombus fernaldae
Bombus mixtus
Bombus sylvicola
Copablepharon viridisparsa
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
Hada sutrina

authors: Greene

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abronia-angustifolia

scientific: Abronia angustifolia

epithet: angustifolia

preferred: purple sand verbena

Abronia angustifolia var. arizonica

authorship: (Standl.) Kearney & Peebles

Abronia arizonica

authorship: Standl.

codes: ARI MXE NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

New Mexico

code: NWM

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 572 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Polites sabuleti

value: annual


slug: abronia-bigelovii

scientific: Abronia bigelovii

epithet: bigelovii

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52: 197 (1909)

preferred: Galisteo sand verbena

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Pollinated by

authors: Heimerl

published_in: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52, pt. 2: 197

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abronia-carnea

scientific: Abronia carnea

epithet: carnea

preferred: winged sandpuffs

Abronia wootonii

authorship: (Standl.) Tidestr.

Tripterocalyx carneus

authorship: (Greene) L.A.Galloway

codes: ARI COL MXE NWM TEX UTA

Colorado

code: COL

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 223 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol TRCA34

license: public domain

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abronia-crux-maltae

scientific: Abronia crux-maltae

authorship: Kellogg

epithet: crux-maltae

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 16 (1863)

Tripterocalyx crux-maltae

authorship: (Kellogg) Standl.

codes: CAL NEV

California

code: CAL

Nevada

code: NEV

names:
Cross Sandpuffs
Lassen sand verbena

authors: Kellogg

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 71 (fig. 16)

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: abronia-elliptica

scientific: Abronia elliptica

epithet: elliptica

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 7 (1899)

preferred: fragrant white sand verbena

Abronia fallax

authorship: Heimerl ex Rydb.

Abronia fragrans f. elliptica

authorship: (A.Nelson) Heimerl

Abronia fragrans var. elliptica

authorship: (A.Nelson) M.E.Jones

codes: ARI COL NEV NWM UTA WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1745 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
fragrant white sand verbena
Bolack's Sand Verbena

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26(1): 7

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: abronia-fragrans

scientific: Abronia fragrans

authorship: Nutt. ex Hook.

epithet: fragrans

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 261 (1853)

preferred: snowball sand verbena

Abronia carletonii

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Fisher

Abronia glaucescens

authorship: (A.Nelson) Standl.

Abronia speciosa

authorship: Buckley

Abronia turbinata var. carletonii

authorship: (J.M.Coult. & Fisher) M.E.Jones

codes: ARI COL KAN MXE MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL SDA TEX UTA WYO

Kansas

code: KAN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Dakota

code: SDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
snowball sand verbena
Fragrant White Sand Verbena

partners:
Atrytonopsis hianna
Hyles lineata
Lithariapteryx abroniaeella

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: abronia-gracilis

scientific: Abronia gracilis

authorship: Benth.

epithet: gracilis

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur : 44 (1844)

preferred: slender sand verbena

Abronia carterae

authorship: Ferris

codes: CAL MXN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Alfombrilla peninsular
alfombrilla

authors: Benth.

published_in: Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 44

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abronia-latifolia

scientific: Abronia latifolia

authorship: Eschsch.

epithet: latifolia

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 281 (1826)

preferred: Yellow Sand Verbena

english:
Yellow Sand Verbena
coastal sand verbena

source: inat

Abronia arenaria

authorship: Menzies ex Hook.

Tricratus arenarius

authorship: (Menzies ex Hook.) Spreng.

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

lifeform: caudex subshrub

names:
coastal sand verbena
Yellow Sand Verbena

partners:
Apis mellifera
Battus philenor hirsuta
Coleoptera
Hylephila phyleus
Hyles gallii
Lon melane
Anthophora bomboides
Anthophora terminalis

partners:
Anthophora terminalis
Apis mellifera
Bombus californicus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Habropoda miserabilis
Osmia bucephala

partners:
Anthophora californica
Apis mellifera
Battus philenor hirsuta
Bombus melanopygus
Copablepharon fuscum
Eristalis hirta
Hylephila phyleus
Hyles lineata

authors: Eschsch.

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 10: 281


slug: abronia-macrocarpa

scientific: Abronia macrocarpa

epithet: macrocarpa

preferred: large-fruited sand verbena

english:
large-fruited sand verbena
largefruit sand verbena

source: wikidata

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: subshrub

partners:
Deidamia inscriptum
Dolba hyloeus
Erinnyis obscura
Hypsoropha monilis

published_in: Brittonia 24: 148, fig. 1

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abronia-maritima

scientific: Abronia maritima

authorship: Nutt. ex S.Watson

epithet: maritima

published_in: Bot. California 2: 44 (1880)

preferred: red sand-verbena

english:
red sand-verbena
red sand verbena

codes: CAL MXN MXS

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2019 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
red sand verbena
red sand-verbena

partners:
Anthophora urbana
Anthophora urbana clementina
Apis mellifera
Bombus californicus
Bombus sonorus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Colias eurytheme
Danaus plexippus

partners:
Bombus crotchii
Lithariapteryx abroniaeella
Otospermophilus beecheyi

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Nutt. ex S.Watson

published_in: Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 4

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: abronia-mellifera

scientific: Abronia mellifera

authorship: Douglas ex Hook.

epithet: mellifera

preferred: white sand verbena

Abronia lanceolata

authorship: Rydb.

Abronia umbellata f. mellifera

authorship: (Douglas ex Hook.) Voss

codes: IDA ORE UTA WAS WYO

Idaho

code: IDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: Douglas ex Hook.

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: abronia-micrantha

scientific: Abronia micrantha

authorship: Torr.

epithet: micrantha

published_in: Finst. Fren. Rept. Senate Document 243: 92 (1843)

preferred: smallflower sandverbena

Abronia micrantha

authorship: Choisy

Abronia pedunculata

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Rydb.

Cycloptera annua

authorship: Nutt.

Tripterocalyx cycloptera

authorship: (A.Gray) Standl.

Tripterocalyx micranthus

authorship: (Torr.) Hook.

Tripterocalyx pedunculatus

authorship: (M.E.Jones) Standl.

codes: ABT CAL COL KAN MNT NEV NWM NDA SAS SDA UTA WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 164 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sandpuffs
small-flower sandpuffs

names:
abronie de sable
abronie à petites fleurs

authors: Torr.

published_in: Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts. 96

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol TRMI6

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.