slug: caryopteris-mongholica

scientific: Caryopteris mongholica

authorship: Bunge

epithet: mongholica

published_in: Uchen. Zap. Imp. Kazansk. Univ.  1835(4): 179 (1835)

Caryopteris mongholica var. serrata

authorship: Maxim.

codes: BRY CHN CHI MON

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 蒙古莸 蒙莸

names: Орехокрыльник монгольский

names:
Barbula mongolska
Kariopteris mongolski

names: Монгол Догар

authors: Bunge

published_in: Uchen. Zap. Imp. Kazansk. Univ. 1835 (4): 179

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: caryota-alberti

scientific: Caryota alberti

authorship: F.Muell. ex H.Wendl.

genus: Caryota

epithet: alberti

family: Arecaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Caryota rumphiana var. alberti

authorship: (F.Muell. ex H.Wendl.) F.M.Bailey

Caryota rumphiana var. australiensis

authorship: Becc.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

category: Form and habit

value: woody

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: F.Muell. ex H.Wendl.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: caryota-mitis

scientific: Caryota mitis

authorship: Lour.

epithet: mitis

preferred: Burmese fishtail palm

source: wikidata

Caryota furfuracea

authorship: Blume

Caryota javanica

authorship: Zipp. ex Miq.

Caryota nana

authorship: Linden

Caryota sobolifera

authorship: Wall. ex Mart.

Drymophloeus zippellii

authorship: Hassk.

Thuessinkia speciosa

authorship: Korth.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHS CHH AND BAN BOR CBD JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NCB PHI SUL SUM THA VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Hainan

code: CHH

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Bangladesh

code: BAN

region: Indian Subcontinent

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 737 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
Burmese fishtail palm
Burmese Fishtail-palm

names: 董棕粉 叢立孔雀椰子

names: Кариота мягкая

names:
Petit palmier céleri
caryote doux

names:
דקל זנב-הדג
קריוטה נאה

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

partners:
Sophonia orientalis
Batrachedra
Buceros rhinoceros
Macaca assamensis
Macaca fascicularis
Macaca siberu
Ramphastos dicolorus
Tetranychus neocalidonicus

label: Growth habit

value: tree

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: caryota-obtusa

scientific: Caryota obtusa

authorship: Griff.

epithet: obtusa

published_in: Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 480 (1845)

Caryota gigas

authorship: Hahn ex Hodel

codes: CHC ASS BAN EHM LAO MYA THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Giant fishtail palm
Thai giant caryota

names: 董棕 果榜

names: เต่าร้างยักษ์น่าน เต่าร้างยักษ์ภูคา

authors: Griff.

published_in: Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. v. (1845) 480

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: caryota-ophiopellis

scientific: Caryota ophiopellis

authorship: Dowe

epithet: ophiopellis

published_in: Austral. Syst. Bot. 9: 20 (1996)

Vanuatu

code: VAN

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

iucn_category: CR

label: Critically Endangered

authors: Dowe


slug: caryota-urens

scientific: Caryota urens

authorship: L.

epithet: urens

preferred: Fishtail Palm

english:
Fishtail Palm
Toddy Palm
Wine Palm
jaggery palm

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: IND SRL

India

code: IND

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 436 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Fishtail Palm
jaggery palm

names:
Palma cola de pescado
palmera de sagú

names: 董棕 假董棕

names: قريوطة محرقة

names: palmeira-rabo-de-peixe palmeira-toddy

names: Кариота жгучая

names: Brennpalme Fischschwanzpalme

names:
Caryote brûlant, Queue de poisson
Caryote brûlante

partners:
Cynopterus sphinx
Asarcopus palmarum
Buceros bicornis
Gangara thyrsis
Hidari irava
Paradoxurus jerdoni

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Jacq.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casasia-clusiifolia

scientific: Casasia clusiifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Urb.

genus: Casasia

epithet: clusiifolia

family: Rubiaceae

preferred: sevenyear apple

Gardenia clusiifolia

authorship: Jacq.

Genipa clusiifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Griseb.

Randia clusiifolia

authorship: (Jacq.) Chapm.

codes: FLA BAH BER CUB TCI

Florida

code: FLA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Bahamas

code: BAH

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Caribbean

Bermuda

code: BER

Cuba

code: CUB

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 880 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sevenyear apple
Seven-year Apple

names: Jagüilla Jagüita

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Aellopos tantalus
Asbolis capucinus
Dactylurina staudingeri
Phocides batabano okeechobee

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Urb.

published_in: Symb. Antill. (Urban). 5(3): 505


slug: cascabela-gaumeri

scientific: Cascabela gaumeri

authorship: (Hemsl.) Lippold

genus: Cascabela

epithet: gaumeri

family: Apocynaceae

published_in: Feddes Repert. 91: 53 (1980)

Thevetia gaumeri

authorship: Hemsl.

Thevetia spathulata

authorship: Millsp.

Thevetia steerei

authorship: Woodson

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 256 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Campanilla
Cojón de gato

authors: (Hemsl.) Lippold

published_in: Feddes Repert. 91: 53

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cascabela-ovata

scientific: Cascabela ovata

authorship: (Cav.) Lippold

epithet: ovata

Cascabela alliodora

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) Lippold

Cascabela plumerifolia

authorship: (Benth.) Lippold

Cerbera alliodora

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Cerbera cuneifolia

authorship: Kunth

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Cerbera ovata

authorship: Cav.

Thevetia alliodora

authorship: (Roem. & Schult.) L.Allorge

Thevetia cuneifolia

authorship: (Kunth) A.DC.

Thevetia ovata

authorship: (Cav.) A.DC.

Thevetia plumeriifolia

authorship: Benth.

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 790 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Regargar Torito

authors: (Cav.) Lippold

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cascabela-thevetia

scientific: Cascabela thevetia

authorship: (L.) Lippold

epithet: thevetia

published_in: Feddes Repert. 91: 52 (1980)

preferred: Yellow oleander

english:
Yellow oleander
luckynut

Ahouai thevetia

authorship: (L.) M.Gómez

Cascabela peruviana

authorship: (Pers.) Raf.

Cerbera linearifolia

authorship: Stokes

Cerbera peruviana

authorship: Pers.

Cerbera thevetia

authorship: L.

Thevetia linearis

authorship: Raf.

Thevetia longifolia

authorship: Vahl

Thevetia neriifolia

authorship: Juss. ex Steud.

authorship: Juss. ex A.DC.

Thevetia peruviana

authorship: (Pers.) K.Schum.

codes: MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE BLZ BOL BZN BZL BZC CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PAR PER SUR VEN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guyana

code: GUY

Panamá

code: PAN

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1939 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Ursolic-acid

activities: Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiTGF-beta Antialzheimeran Antiarrhythmic Antiarthritic Antibacterial

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

Quercetin

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ATPase-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Allergenic Analgesic

Kaempferol

activities: 11B-HSD-Inhibitor 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antiaflatoxin Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticancer

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
कनेर (पीली)
पीला कनेर

names: Тевеция перуанская

names: बिट्टी / पिवळी कण्हेर

names: תבטיה הרדופית

partners:
Euglossa cordata
Eulaema cingulata
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
based on a network
Bombus morio
Bombus pauloensis
Chalcomitra senegalensis

partners:
Eulaema cingulata
Apis mellifera
Amazilia rutila
Apoidea
Bombus morio
Bombus pauloensis
Chalcomitra senegalensis
Cinnyris asiaticus

partners:
Amazilia rutila
Apis dorsata
Blastocerus dichotomus
Broadleysaurus major
Bycanistes brevis
Cacatua galerita
Cercopithecus mitis
Cinnyris asiaticus


slug: cascabela-thevetioides

scientific: Cascabela thevetioides

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl.) Lippold

epithet: thevetioides

preferred: thevetia

source: usda

Cerbera thevetioides

authorship: Kunth

Thevetia humboldtii

authorship: Voigt

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 310 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Almendra Quema Grasa
Anis

authors: (Humb. & Bonpl.) Lippold

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol THTH3

license: public domain

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cascadia-nuttallii

scientific: Cascadia nuttallii

genus: Cascadia

epithet: nuttallii

family: Saxifragaceae

published_in: Amer. J. Bot. 1927, xiv. corrig. in reimpr.; cf. Gray Herb. Card Cat.,Issue 118.

preferred: Nuttall's saxifrage

Saxifraga elegans

authorship: Nutt.

Saxifraga nuttallii

authorship: Small

Saxifraga nuttallii var. macrophylla

authorship: Engl. & Irmsch.

codes: CAL ORE WAS

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

lifeform: annual

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 128 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: (Small) A.M.Johnson

published_in: Corr. Status Saxifraga nuttallii [textus s.n.]

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: common name, checklist symbol SANU3

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-aculeata

scientific: Casearia aculeata

authorship: Jacq.

genus: Casearia

epithet: aculeata

family: Salicaceae

preferred: Cockspur

english:
Cockspur
Thom Prickle
rabo de ranton

Casearia aculeata var. tafallana

authorship: (Eichler) J.F.Macbr.

Casearia avellana

authorship: Miq.

authorship: Miq. ex Eichler

Casearia berberoidia

authorship: Rusby

Casearia berteriana

authorship: Turcz.

Casearia boliviana

authorship: Briq.

Casearia guianensis var. rafflesioides

authorship: Croat

Casearia hirsuta var. glabrata

authorship: DC.

Casearia hirta

authorship: Sw.

Casearia microphylla

authorship: Bertero ex Turcz.

Casearia obovata

authorship: Schltdl.

Casearia odorata

authorship: Macfad.

Casearia prunifolia

authorship: Tul.

Casearia ramiflora var. spinosa

authorship: Griseb.

Casearia rufidula

authorship: Triana & Planch.

Casearia sericea

authorship: L.O.Williams & A.R.Molina

Casearia spinosa

authorship: Willd.

Casearia spinosa var. coriacifolia

authorship: Kuntze

Casearia spinosa var. tafallana

authorship: Eichler

Casearia urbaniana

authorship: Gand.

Chetocrater hirta

authorship: (Sw.) Raf.

Guidonia alba

authorship: (A.Rich.) M.Gómez

Guidonia hirsuta var. glabrata

authorship: (DC.) M.Gómez

Guidonia hirta

authorship: (Sw.) M.Gómez

Samyda affinis

authorship: Spreng.

Samyda enneandria

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Samyda multiflora

authorship: Cav.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR VEN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

partners:
Amazona farinosa
Myiodynastes maculatus
Myiozetetes similis
Pitangus sulphuratus
Psarocolius decumanus
Tyrannus melancholicus
Tyrannus savana
Alouatta seniculus


slug: casearia-arguta

scientific: Casearia arguta

authorship: Kunth

epithet: arguta

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ BOL CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

partners:
Ateles geoffroyi
Cebus capucinus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Kunth

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] v. 363

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-corymbosa

scientific: Casearia corymbosa

epithet: corymbosa

Casearia banquitana var. laevis

authorship: (Standl.) I.M.Johnst.

Casearia dolichophylla

authorship: Standl.

Casearia gentlei

authorship: Lundell

Casearia lindeniana

authorship: Briq.

Casearia salicifolia

authorship: Turcz.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 169 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Chamizo Garrapatilla

partners:
Amazona autumnalis
Catharus ustulatus
Melanerpes aurifrons
Pitangus sulphuratus
Turdus grayi
Tyrannus melancholicus
Vireo olivaceus
Vireo philadelphicus

source: GIFT

label: Height

category: Size

value: 7 m

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-crassinervis

scientific: Casearia crassinervis

authorship: Urb.

epithet: crassinervis

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 118 (1923)

Cuba

code: CUB

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 118

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: casearia-decandra

scientific: Casearia decandra

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: decandra

preferred: wild honeytree

source: wikidata

Anavinga parvifolia

authorship: Lam.

Casearia adamantium

authorship: Cambess.

Casearia adstringens

authorship: Mart.

Casearia albicaulis

authorship: Rusby

Casearia nitida

authorship: Sieber ex Griseb.

Casearia parviflora var. microphylla

authorship: Schltdl.

Casearia parvifolia

authorship: Willd.

Casearia pavoniana

authorship: Sleumer

Chaetocrater reflexus

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Guidonia adstringens

authorship: (Mast.) Baill.

Samyda parvifolia

authorship: Poir.

codes: AGE BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM DOM ECU FRG HAI HON LEE PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN WIN

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Paraguay

code: PAR

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Uruguay

code: URU

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Schiffornis virescens
Thraupis cyanoptera
Trichothraupis melanops

partners:
Didelphis aurita
Alouatta guariba
Leontopithecus rosalia
Tapirus terrestris
Trichothraupis melanops
Alouatta caraya
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus lituratus

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: casearia-emarginata

scientific: Casearia emarginata

authorship: C.Wright ex Griseb.

epithet: emarginata

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: MXT CUB HAI

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Cuba

code: CUB

authors: Griseb.

published_in: Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 10

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: casearia-gladiiformis

scientific: Casearia gladiiformis

authorship: Mast.

epithet: gladiiformis

Casearia holtzii

authorship: Gilg

Casearia junodii

authorship: Schinz

codes: CPP KEN NAT MLW MOZ TAN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Tanzania

code: TAN

names: umJuluka umgunguluzane

authors: Mast.

published_in: Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 2: 493


slug: casearia-glomerata

scientific: Casearia glomerata

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: glomerata

Casearia glomerata f. pubinervis

authorship: How & Ko

Casearia glomerata var. sikkimensis

authorship: (N.Mukh.) R.C.Srivast.

Guidonia glomerata

authorship: (Roxb.) Kurz

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI CHT ASS BAN EHM MYA NEP VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Vietnam

code: VIE

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 214 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鱼尾葵叶 球花脚骨脆

authors: Roxb.

published_in: Hort. Bengal. 33

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-graveolens

scientific: Casearia graveolens

authorship: Dalzell

epithet: graveolens

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 107 (1852)

Anavinga ovata

authorship: Lam.

Casearia anavinga

authorship: Pers.

Casearia hamiltonii

authorship: Wall.

Casearia macrogyna

authorship: Turcz.

Casearia ovata

authorship: (Lam.) Willd.

Guidonia ovata

authorship: (Lam.) Baill.

codes: CHC ASS BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP PAK THA VIE WHM

Assam

region: Indian Subcontinent

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Pakistan

code: PAK

Thailand

code: THA

West Himalaya

code: WHM

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 香味脚骨脆 临沧脚骨脆

partners:
Pempelia hemictenis
Tirumala limniace

authors: Dalzell

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 107

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-guianensis

scientific: Casearia guianensis

authorship: (Aubl.) Urb.

epithet: guianensis

preferred: Guyanese wild coffee

Athenaea guianensis

authorship: (Aubl.) J.F.Gmel.

Casearia fallax

authorship: Miq.

Casearia ramiflora

authorship: Vahl

Guidonia ramiflora

authorship: (Vahl) M.Gómez

Iroucana guianensis

authorship: Aubl.

Samyda iroucana

authorship: Rich.

Samyda octandra

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

partners:
Anthonomus
Conotrachelus
Gele sp. lep308SG
Potnia granadensis

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-laetioides

scientific: Casearia laetioides

authorship: (A.Rich.) Warb.

epithet: laetioides

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 51 (1893)

Casearia icosandra

authorship: (Sw.) Planch. & Triana ex Hemsl.

Guidonia laetioides

authorship: (A.Rich.) M.Gómez

Laetia guidonia

authorship: Sw.

Thiodia laetioides

authorship: (A.Rich.) Griseb.

Zuelania belizensis

authorship: Lundell

Zuelania guidonia

authorship: (Sw.) Britton & Millsp.

Zuelania icosandra

authorship: (Sw.) Clos

Zuelania roussoviae

authorship: Pittier

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS BAH BLZ CAY CLM COS CUB GUA HAI JAM NIC PAN TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 79 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Automeris rubrescens
Hylesia lineata

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 3(Abt. 6a): 52


slug: casearia-membranacea

scientific: Casearia membranacea

authorship: Hance

epithet: membranacea

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

Vietnam

code: VIE

climate: subtropical

names: 膜叶脚骨脆 薄葉嘉賜木

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Hance

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: casearia-multinervosa

scientific: Casearia multinervosa

authorship: C.T.White & Sleumer

epithet: multinervosa

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 474 (1935)

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 75 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: capsule

authors: C.T.White & Sleumer


slug: casearia-nitida

scientific: Casearia nitida

authorship: (L.) Jacq.

epithet: nitida

preferred: smooth honeytree

Casearia bahamensis

authorship: Urb.

Guidonia nitida

authorship: (Jacq.) M.Gómez

Samyda crenata

authorship: Poir.

Samyda nitida

authorship: L.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BAH CUB DOM HAI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: (L.) Jacq.

published_in: Enum. Syst. Pl. 21

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-rubescens

scientific: Casearia rubescens

authorship: Dalzell

epithet: rubescens

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 108 (1852)

India

code: IND

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 108


slug: casearia-staffordiae

scientific: Casearia staffordiae

authorship: Proctor

epithet: staffordiae

published_in: Fl. Cayman Islands 316. 2012

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

authors: Proctor

published_in: Fl. Cayman Islands 316


slug: casearia-sylvestris

scientific: Casearia sylvestris

epithet: sylvestris

preferred: crackopen

Casearia affinis

authorship: Gardner

Casearia attenuata

authorship: Rusby

Casearia benthamiana

authorship: Miq.

Casearia carpinifolia

authorship: Benth.

Casearia caudata

authorship: Uittien

Casearia celtidifolia

authorship: de Vriese

Casearia ekmanii

authorship: Sleumer

Casearia guantanamensis

authorship: Vict.

Casearia integrifolia

authorship: Vahl ex DC.

Casearia lingua

authorship: Cambess.

Casearia parviflora

authorship: Willd.

Casearia parvifolia var. microcarpa

authorship: Eggers

Casearia punctata

authorship: Spreng.

Casearia samyda

authorship: (C.F.Gaertn.) DC.

name: Casearia sylvestris subvar. pedicellaris

authorship: Eichler

Casearia sylvestris var. benthamiana

authorship: (Miq.) Uittien

Casearia sylvestris var. carpinifolia

authorship: Briq.

name: Casearia sylvestris var. chlorophoroidea

authorship: (Rusby) Sleumer

Casearia sylvestris var. martinicensis

authorship: J.F.Macbride ex L.O.Williams

Casearia sylvestris var. myricoides

authorship: Griseb.

Casearia sylvestris var. platyphylla

authorship: DC.

Chaetocrater capitatus

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

Crateria capitata

authorship: Pers.

Guidonia sylvestris

authorship: (Sw.) M.Gómez

Guidonia sylvestris var. myricoides

authorship: (Griseb.) M.Gómez

Guidonia sylvestris var. platyphylla

authorship: (DC.) M.Gómez

Samyda sylvestris

authorship: (Sw.) Poir.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS AGE AGW BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN WIN

Mexico Central

region: Mexico

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 399 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Chionomesa fimbriata
Chlorostilbon lucidus
Chrysuronia versicolor

partners:
Colaptes rubiginosus
Penelope obscura
Psilhorinus morio
Tachyphonus coronatus
Trichothraupis melanops
Turdus albicollis
Turdus flavipes
Turdus rufiventris

partners:
Brachyteles arachnoides
Camptostoma obsoletum
Celeus flavescens
Coereba flaveola
Colaptes campestris
Coryphospingus cucullatus
Cyclarhis gujanensis
Dacnis cayana

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-thamnia

scientific: Casearia thamnia

authorship: (L.) T.Samar. & M.H.Alford

epithet: thamnia

Laetia thamnia

authorship: L.

Thamnia swartzii

authorship: Hitchc.

codes: MXG MXT BLZ CLM COS CUB DOM GUA JAM NIC PAN WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Belize

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Guatemala

code: GUA

Jamaica

code: JAM

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

authors: (L.) T.Samar. & M.H.Alford

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: casearia-tomentosa

scientific: Casearia tomentosa

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: tomentosa

Anavinga lanceolata

authorship: Lam.

Bedousia aromatica

authorship: Raf.

Bedousia malabarica

authorship: Dennst.

Casearia canziala

authorship: (Buch.-Ham.) Wall.

Casearia cheela

authorship: Royle

Casearia elliptica

authorship: Willd.

Casearia piscidia

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Royle

Guidonia canziala

authorship: (Buch.-Ham.) Kurz

Guidonia tomentosa

authorship: (Roxb.) Kurz

codes: ASS BAN IND MYA NEP PAK SRL

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

partners:
Amata cyssea
Amata cysseus


slug: casearia-tremula

scientific: Casearia tremula

authorship: (Griseb.) Griseb. ex C.Wright

epithet: tremula

published_in: Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 5: 201 (1868)

Casearia bonairensis

authorship: Bold.

Laetia glabra

authorship: Brandegee

Zuelania tremula

authorship: Griseb.

codes: MXC MXN MXT MXS ARU BLZ CLM COS CUB ELS GUA HON NLA NIC TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Aruba

code: ARU

Belize

code: BLZ

El Salvador

code: ELS

Honduras

code: HON

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Crementina Trementina

authors: (Griseb.) Griseb. ex C.Wright

published_in: Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 5: 201


slug: casearia-velutina

scientific: Casearia velutina

authorship: Blume

epithet: velutina

Casearia balansae

authorship: Gagnep.

Casearia multipunctata

authorship: Merr.

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAW LAO MLY MYA SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 嘉赐树 毛叶脚骨脆

authors: Blume


slug: casearia-zeylanica

scientific: Casearia zeylanica

authorship: (Gaertn.) Thwaites

epithet: zeylanica

Casearia championii

authorship: Thwaites

Casearia esculenta

authorship: Roxb.

Casearia laevigata

authorship: Kunth

authorship: Dalzell

Casearia ovata var. minor

authorship: (Thwaites) N.Mukh.

Guidonia esculenta

authorship: (Roxb.) Baill.

Vareca zeylanica

authorship: Gaertn.

codes: ASS IND MYA NEP SRL

Assam

code: ASS

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

value: 9 m

authors: Thwaites

published_in: Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 19


slug: casimiroa-edulis

scientific: Casimiroa edulis

authorship: La Llave

genus: Casimiroa

epithet: edulis

family: Rutaceae

preferred: white sapote

Casimiroa edulis f. microcarpa

authorship: Martinez

Casimiroa sapota

authorship: Oerst.

Casimiroa sapota f. ovandoensis

authorship: Martínez

Casimiroa sapota var. villosa

authorship: Quirós Calvo & Martínez

Fagara bombacifolia

authorship: (A.Rich.) Krug & Urb.

Zanthoxylum araliaceum

authorship: Turcz.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 235 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Casimiroedine

activities: Antileukemic Cytostatic Hypotensive

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Skimmianine

activities: Abortifacient Adrenostimulant Analgesic Anticonvulsant Antidiuretic Antimalarial Antipyretic Antispasmodic

Scopoletin

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic Analgesic Anesthetic Antiadrenergic Antiaflatoxin Antiarrhythmic Antiasthmatic

Bergapten

activities: Antiaggregant Antiapertif Anticonvulsant Antihistaminic Antiinflammatory Antijet-lag Antileukodermic Antimitotic

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

Dictamnine

activities: Antiaggregant Antibacterial Antiviral Cardiotonic DNA-Binder Fungicide Myocontractant Pesticide

names:
white sapote
Mexican-apple

names:
Zapote dormilón
chalarina

names: 白柿 香肉果

names: sapota-branca sapoti

names: Казимироа съедобная

names:
Cochilsapote
weiße Sapote

names:
pomme mexicaine
sapote blanche

partners:
Achlyodes pallida
Anastrepha ludens
Apis mellifera
Icterus spurius
Sophonia orientalis


slug: casimiroa-greggii

scientific: Casimiroa greggii

authorship: (S.Watson) F.Chiang

epithet: greggii

codes: MXG MXE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (S.Watson) F.Chiang

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassia-abbreviata

scientific: Cassia abbreviata

authorship: Oliv.

genus: Cassia

epithet: abbreviata

family: Fabaceae

preferred: long-pod-cassia

Cassia abbreviata var. glabrifructifera

authorship: Steyaert

Cassia abbreviata var. granitica

authorship: (Baker f.) Baker f.

Cassia atroreticulata

authorship: Chiov.

Cassia beareana

authorship: Holmes

Cassia bequaertii

authorship: De Wild.

Cassia granitica

authorship: Baker f.

codes: BOT CPV ZAI SWZ KEN MLW MOZ NAM TVL SOM TAN ZAM ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Kenya

code: KEN

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 300 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
long-pod-cassia
Long-tail Cassia

names: mbaraka mkakatik

names: Muremberembe Murumanyama

names: domader rabuya

names: muboma mulambadivhu

partners:
Aepyceros melampus
Aphomia pimelodes
Cephalophus natalensis
Chlorocebus pygerythrus
Civettictis civetta
Dollmania purpurascens
Genetta tigrina
Hippotragus niger

value: deciduous

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassia-fistula

scientific: Cassia fistula

authorship: L.

epithet: fistula

preferred: Golden Rain

english:
Golden Rain
Golden Shower
Golden Shower Tree
Indian Laburnum
Purging Cassia
golden shower

Bactyrilobium fistula

authorship: (L.) Willd.

Cassia bonplandiana

authorship: DC.

Cassia excelsa

authorship: Kunth

Cassia fistuloides

authorship: Collad.

Cassia rhombifolia

authorship: Roxb.

Cathartocarpus fistula

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Cathartocarpus fistuloides

authorship: (Collad.) G.Don

Cathartocarpus rhombifolius

authorship: (Roxb.) G.Don

codes: IND SRL

India

code: IND

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2029 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Golden Shower
Golden Rain

names:
Caña Fístula
Cañafistula | lluvia de oro

names: 婆罗门皂荚 婆罗门皂荚叶

names:
خروب هندي
خيار شنبر

names: Cássia-imperial cana-fístula

names: Кассия трубчатая

names: ゴールデンシャワー ナンバンサイカチ

names: Röhren-Kassie Röhrenkassie

names: Casse Canéficier

names: கொன்றை சரக்கொன்றை

names: రేళ్ల చెట్టు

names: ราชพฤกษ์ คูน

partners:
Euglossa dilemma
Diabrotica speciosa
Heterotrigona itama
Homotrigona canifrons
Lepidotrigona terminata
Tetragonula laeviceps

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Cynopterus brachyotis
Eriboea solon
Graphium doson
Membracis mexicana
Sciurus colliaei

partners:
Catopsilia pomona
Catopsilia pyranthe
Anthene lycaenoides
Anthene seltuttus
Candalides absimilis
Catopsilia scylla
Cynopterus brachyotis
Cynopterus sphinx

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

key: succulence

label: Succulence

value: non-succulent

value: 5 m


slug: cassia-grandis

scientific: Cassia grandis

epithet: grandis

preferred: pink shower

Bactyrilobium grande

authorship: (L.f.) Hornem.

Bactyrilobium molle

authorship: (Vahl) Schrad.

Cassia brasiliana

authorship: Lam.

Cassia brasiliana var. tomentosa

authorship: Miq.

Cassia brasiliensis

authorship: Buc'hoz

Cassia mollis

authorship: Vahl

Cassia pachycarpa

authorship: de Wit

Cassia regia

authorship: Standl.

Cathartocarpus brasilianus

authorship: Jacq.

Cathartocarpus erubescens

authorship: Ham.

Cathartocarpus grandis

authorship: (L.f.) Pers.

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM NIC PAN PER PUE SWC SUR VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 275 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Aloe-emodin

activities: Antibacterial Antiherpetic Antileukemic Antisalmonella Antiseptic Antistaphylococcic Antitumor Antiviral

names: Кассия крупная

names: ウマセンナ モモイロナンバンサイカチ

names: പിങ്ക് കൊന്ന

partners:
Ara macao
Ascalapha odorata
Automeris rubrescens
Catopsilia pomona pomona
Hyperchiria incisa
Phoebis philea
Poekilloptera phalaenoides
Xyleutes crassus


slug: cassia-javanica

scientific: Cassia javanica

authorship: L.

epithet: javanica

preferred: apple blossom

Bactyrilobium javanica

authorship: (L.) Hornem.

Cassia agnes

authorship: (de Wit) Brenan

Cassia bacillus

authorship: Gaertn.

Cassia indochinensis

authorship: (Gagnep.) V.Singh

Cassia javanica var. indochinensis

authorship: Gagnep.

Cassia javanica var. microcalyx

authorship: H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Cassia javanica var. pubiflora

authorship: Merr.

Cassia megalantha

authorship: Decne.

Cassia nodosa

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.

Cassia renigera

authorship: Wall. ex Benth.

Cathartocarpus nodosus

authorship: (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Steud.

codes: CHC CHS AND ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NWG PHI SOL SUM THA VIE QLD

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 167 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
apple blossom
appleblossom shower

names: 雄黄豆 爪哇腊肠树

names:
Casse de Java
Casse de Java, Casse rose de Java

partners:
Apis mellifera
Ascalapha odorata
Automeris melanops
Cassianeura cassiae
Catopsilia florella
Catopsilia pomona
Catopsilia pomona pomona
Catopsilia pyranthe

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassia-leptophylla

scientific: Cassia leptophylla

authorship: Vogel

epithet: leptophylla

preferred: Gold medallion tree

codes: BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

names:
Gold medallion tree
Golden medallion

names: 薄叶腊肠树 狹葉阿勃勒

label: Woodiness

authors: Vogel

published_in: Syn. Gen. Cassiae 13

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: cassia-moschata

scientific: Cassia moschata

authorship: Kunth

epithet: moschata

Cathartocarpus moschatus

authorship: (Kunth) G.Don

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ BZN BZC CLM COS GUA GUY NIC PAN TRT VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Carao
Casia Amarilla

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassia-roxburghii

scientific: Cassia roxburghii

authorship: DC.

epithet: roxburghii

preferred: Roxburgh's cassia

Cassia marginata

authorship: Roxb.

Cathartocarpus roxburghii

authorship: (DC.) G.Don

India

code: IND

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 红花腊肠 红花腊肠树

names: Кассия Роксбурга

label: Eaten by

partners:
Macaca sinica
Otinotus oneratus
Semnopithecus priam
Semnopithecus vetulus

authors: DC.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassine-parvifolia

scientific: Cassine parvifolia

authorship: Sond.

genus: Cassine

epithet: parvifolia

family: Celastraceae

Cassine burchellii

authorship: Loes. ex Schinz

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mountain Spoon-wood
Mountain Spoonwood

names: berg-lepelhout berg-saffraan

value: 4 m

authors: Sond.

published_in: Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 1: 466

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassine-peragua

scientific: Cassine peragua

authorship: L.

epithet: peragua

Cassine aethiopica

authorship: Eckl. & Zeyh.

Cassine colpoon

authorship: Thunb.

Cassine kraussiana

authorship: Bernh.

authorship: Bernh. ex Harv. & Sond.

authorship: Hochst.

Cassine paragua

authorship: Mill.

Cassine serratifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Cassine sphaerocarpa

authorship: Cels ex Steud.

Elaeodendron ilicifolium

authorship: Ten.

Elaeodendron kraussianum

authorship: (Bernh.) Sim

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 594 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Cape saffron
Forest Spoonwood

names: Bastersaffraan boslepelhout

value: woody

authors: L.

published_in: Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 220

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: cassinia-aculeata

scientific: Cassinia aculeata

authorship: (Labill.) R.Br.

genus: Cassinia

epithet: aculeata

family: Asteraceae

published_in: Observations on the Natural Family of Plants called Compositae 1817 = Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 12 (25 Feb. 1818) 127

Calea aculeata

authorship: Labill.

Chromochiton aculeata

authorship: Cass.

codes: NSW QLD SOA TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1087 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Australian tauhinu
common cassinia

partners:
Graphium macleayanus
Heteronympha merope
Hylaeus bituberculatus
Stigmodera macularia

partners:
Castiarina wilsoni
Lepidosaphes cassiniae

label: Growth habit

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

value: 6 m

label: Flowering months

value: Feb-Jan

value: achene

authors: (Labill.) R.Br.


slug: cassinia-aureonitens

scientific: Cassinia aureonitens

epithet: aureonitens

published_in: Vict. Naturalist lxviii. 69 (1951)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Eleale pulchra
Lasioglossum santafense

value: 3 m

published_in: Vict. Naturalist 68: 69

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassinia-denticulata

scientific: Cassinia denticulata

epithet: denticulata

published_in: Observ. Compositae : 127 (1817)

Cassinia berberifolia

authorship: A.Cunn. ex DC.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 175 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: 2 m

published_in: Observ. Compositae 127

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassinia-laevis

scientific: Cassinia laevis

epithet: laevis

Cassinia aculeata var. laevis

authorship: (R.Br.) J.M.Black

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC

Northern Territory

code: NTA

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 263 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

names: coughbush currybush


slug: cassinia-maritima

scientific: Cassinia maritima

authorship: Orchard

epithet: maritima

value: perennial

authors: Orchard

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassinia-monticola

scientific: Cassinia monticola

epithet: monticola

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Feb-Mar

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassinia-quinquefaria

scientific: Cassinia quinquefaria

epithet: quinquefaria

codes: NSW QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 181 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Hypochrysops ignita
Tyligma dandavalex


slug: cassinia-straminea

scientific: Cassinia straminea

authorship: (Benth.) Orchard

epithet: straminea

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Oct-Feb

authors: (Benth.) Orchard

published_in: Austral. Syst. Bot. 17(6): 559

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassinia-subtropica

scientific: Cassinia subtropica

epithet: subtropica

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 224 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 1(1): 17

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassinia-tenuifolia

scientific: Cassinia tenuifolia

authorship: Benth.

epithet: tenuifolia

Norfolk Is.

code: NFK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Jan-Apr

authors: Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 3: 585


slug: cassinia-vauvilliersii

scientific: Cassinia vauvilliersii

epithet: vauvilliersii

Olearia xanthophylla

authorship: Colenso

Ozothamnus vauvilliersii

authorship: (Hook.f.) Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne.

codes: ATP NZN NZS

Antipodean Is.

code: ATP

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Cottonwood Golden-bush

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Erythronychia aliena
Helophilus hochstetteri
Leioproctus
Leioproctus maritimus
Lepidomyia decessum
Lycaena salustius
Melangyna
Melangyna novaezelandiae

partners:
Erythronychia aliena
Helophilus hochstetteri
Leioproctus
Leioproctus maritimus
Lepidoptera
Lycaena salustius
Melangyna
Melangyna novaezelandiae

partners:
Batracomorphus angustatus
Semo clypeatus
Stigmella cassiniae

published_in: Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.). 1: 133


slug: cassinopsis-ilicifolia

scientific: Cassinopsis ilicifolia

authorship: (Hochst.) Sleumer

genus: Cassinopsis

epithet: ilicifolia

family: Icacinaceae

published_in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 228 (1940)

Cassine ilicifolia

authorship: Hochst. ex Sond.

Cassine mucronata

authorship: Turcz.

Cassinopsis capensis

authorship: Harv. & Sond.

Ilex dichotoma

authorship: Bernh. ex Hochst.

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES TVL ZIM

Free State

code: OFS

Lesotho

code: LES

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

region: South Tropical Africa

lifeform: scrambling shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 163 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: liana

label: Life cycle

authors: (Hochst.) Sleumer

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassinopsis-tinifolia

scientific: Cassinopsis tinifolia

authorship: Harv.

epithet: tinifolia

preferred: false lemonthorn

codes: CPP SWZ NAT MOZ ZIM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Mozambique

code: MOZ

names:
false lemonthorn
False Lemon-Thorn

names: umhlaza unhlaza

value: tree

authors: Harv.

published_in: Thes. Cap. ii. 44


slug: cassiope-ericoides

scientific: Cassiope ericoides

authorship: (Pall.) D.Don

genus: Cassiope

epithet: ericoides

family: Ericaceae

published_in: Edinburgh New Philos. J. 17: 158 (1834)

Andromeda ericoides

authorship: Pall.

codes: AMU BRY CTA IRK KAM KHA MAG MON PRM SAK YAK

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Magadan

code: MAG

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Yakutiya

code: YAK

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Кассиопа вересковидная
Кассиопея вересковидная

value: Jun-Aug

published_in: Edinburgh New Philos. J. 17: 158


slug: cassiope-fastigiata

scientific: Cassiope fastigiata

authorship: (Wall.) D.Don

epithet: fastigiata

published_in: Edinburgh New Philos. J. 17: 156 (1834)

Andromeda cupressiformis

authorship: Wall. ex D.Don

Andromeda fastigiata

authorship: Wall.

codes: CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

Tibet

code: CHT

region: China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 扫帚岩须 扫帚锦绦花

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

published_in: Edinburgh New Philos. J. 17: 156


slug: cassiope-lycopodioides

scientific: Cassiope lycopodioides

epithet: lycopodioides

preferred: clubmoss cassiope

english:
clubmoss cassiope
clubmoss mountain heather

name: Cassiope lycopodioides subsp. cristapilosa

authorship: Calder & Roy L.Taylor

name: Cassiope lycopodioides var. cristapilosa

authorship: (Calder & Roy L.Taylor) B.Bovin

Erica lycopodioides

authorship: (Pall.) K.F.Waitz

codes: JAP KAM KUR MAG SAK ASK ALU BRC WAS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Washington

code: WAS

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 268 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Кассиопея плауновидная

value: subshrub


slug: cassiope-mertensiana

scientific: Cassiope mertensiana

authorship: (Bong.) G.Don

epithet: mertensiana

preferred: western moss-heather

english:
western moss-heather
western moss heather

source: inat

Andromeda cupressina

authorship: Hook.

Andromeda mertensiana

authorship: Bong.

Cassiope mertensiana subsp. californica

authorship: Piper

Cassiope mertensiana var. californica

authorship: (Piper) Tiehm

Cassiope mertensiana var. gracilis

authorship: (Piper) C.L.Hitchc.

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL IDA MNT NEV ORE WAS

Alberta

code: ABT

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1981 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
western moss heather
Western Bell-Heather

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus melanopygus

partners:
Castilleja parviflora oreopola
Exobasidium cassiopes

value: woody

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: (Bong.) G.Don

published_in: Gen. Hist. 3: 829

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: cassiope-tetragona

scientific: Cassiope tetragona

authorship: (L.) D.Don

epithet: tetragona

preferred: white arctic mountain heather

Andromeda tetragona

authorship: L.

Cassiope saximontana

authorship: Small

Cassiope tetragona var. saximontana

authorship: (Small) C.L.Hitchc.

codes: AMU BRY CTA IRK KAM KHA KRA MAG WSB YAK FIN ICE RUN NOR SVA SWE ASK ABT BRC GNL LAB MNT NWT NUN WAS YUK

Amur

code: AMU

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

West Siberia

code: WSB

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Finland

code: FIN

continent: EUROPE

region: Northern Europe

Iceland

code: ICE

North European Russia

code: RUN

region: Eastern Europe

Norway

code: NOR

Svalbard

code: SVA

Sweden

code: SWE

Greenland

code: GNL

Labrador

code: LAB

region: Eastern Canada

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
white arctic mountain heather
Arctic bell-heather

names:
Кассиопа четырёхгранная
Кассиопея четырёхгранная

partners:
Clossiana chariclea
Cricotopus
Forcipomyia
Limnophyes brachytomus
Neoleria prominens
Paraphaenocladius
Polia richardsoni
Rheocricotopus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus hyperboreus
Chamaepsila morio
Chironomidae
Clossiana chariclea
Corynoneura scutellata
Cricotopus

partners:
Gynaephora rossii
Lagopus lagopus
Lagopus muta
Lepus arcticus


slug: cassipourea-elliptica

scientific: Cassipourea elliptica

authorship: (Sw.) Poir.

genus: Cassipourea

epithet: elliptica

family: Rhizophoraceae

Cassipourea alba

authorship: Griseb.

Cassipourea belizensis

authorship: Lundell

Cassipourea brittoniana

authorship: Fawc. & Rendle

Cassipourea cubensis

authorship: Urb.

Cassipourea elliptica var. alba

authorship: (Griseb.) Griseb.

Cassipourea elliptica var. parvifolia

authorship: Stehlé

Cassipourea guianensis var. elliptica

authorship: (Sw.) M.Gómez

Cassipourea guildingii

authorship: Briq.

Cassipourea macrodonta

authorship: Standl.

Endosteira oppositifolia

authorship: Turcz.

Legnotis elliptica

authorship: Sw.

codes: MXG MXE MXT BLZ BZN CPI CLM COS CUB DOM FRG GUA HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Central American Pacific Is.

code: CPI

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 2. 131


slug: cassipourea-malosana

scientific: Cassipourea malosana

authorship: (Baker) Alston

epithet: malosana

published_in: Wiss. Erg. Zweit. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped., Bot. 2: 258 (1922)

Cassipourea abyssinica

authorship: (Engl.) Alston

Cassipourea avettae

authorship: (Chiov.) Alston

Cassipourea gerrardii

authorship: (Schinz) Alston

Weihea abyssinica

authorship: Engl.

Weihea avettae

authorship: Chiov.

Weihea gerrardii

authorship: Schinz

Weihea ilicifolia

authorship: Brehmer

Weihea malosana

authorship: Baker

codes: BUR CMN CPP CON ZAI ERI SWZ ETH KEN NAT MLW MOZ TVL SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

names:
African Onionwood
Lesser Onionwood

names: basteruiehout tolbalie

names: uMemezi umKhathane

names: umBozwa umGamakhulu

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassytha-ciliolata

scientific: Cassytha ciliolata

authorship: Nees

genus: Cassytha

epithet: ciliolata

family: Lauraceae

Cassytha capensis

authorship: Meisn.

Ozarthris capense

authorship: Raf.

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

lifeform: holoparasitic perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1890 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
devil's tresses
false dodder

names: bobbejaantou nooienshaar

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: Nees

published_in: Syst. Laur. 646

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: cassytha-filiformis

scientific: Cassytha filiformis

authorship: L.

epithet: filiformis

preferred: devil's gut

Calodium cochinchinense

authorship: Lour.

Cassytha americana var. brasiliensis

authorship: (Mart. ex Nees) Meisn.

Cassytha aphylla

authorship: Raeusch.

Cassytha brasiliensis

authorship: Mart. ex Nees

Cassytha filiformis f. pycnantha

authorship: Domin

Cassytha filiformis subsp. guineensis

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) De Wild.

name: Cassytha filiformis var. pseudopubescens

Cassytha filiformis var. puberula

authorship: (Meisn.) León & Alain

Cassytha guineensis

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

Cassytha lifuensis

authorship: Guillaumin

Cassytha novoguineensis

authorship: Kaneh. & Hatus.

Cassytha paradoxae

authorship: Proctor

Cassytha timoriensis

authorship: Gand.

Cassytha zeylanica

authorship: Gaertn.

Volutella aphylla

authorship: Forssk.

codes: ALD ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPP CAF CHA CGS COM CON ZAI SWZ ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MLI MAU MOZ MCI NAM NGA TVL ROD RWA REU SEN SEY SIE SOM TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC CHS CHH JAP KZN NNS OGA SAU TAI YEM AND BAN BIS CBD CKI IND JAW LDV LAO LSI MLY MDV MOL MYA NWG NCB PHI SOL SCS SRL SUL SUM VIE NSW NTA QLD WAU FLA MXG MXT CRL COO FIJ GIL HAW LIN MRN MRQ MRS NRU NWC NUE PHX PIT SAM SCZ SCI TOK TON TUA TUB TUV VAN WAL BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CAY CLM COS CUB DOM FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NLA NIC PAN PUE SUR TRT TCI VEN WIN

Aldabra

code: ALD

region: Western Indian Ocean

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Chagos Archipelago

code: CGS

Comoros

code: COM

Congo

code: CON

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2016 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Cassute filiforme, Liane foutafout, Liane jaune, Liane sans fin, Liane sans feuille, Foutafout, Foute à foute, Plante marine

partners:
Candalides erinus
Acridotheres tristis
Aldabrachelys gigantea
Alectroenas sganzini
Birgus latro
Candalides acasta
Candalides delospila
Cardisoma carnifex

partners:
Annona senegalensis
Exocarpos
Quercus hemisphaerica
Rhizophora mucronata
Scaevola
Scaevola taccada
Suriana maritima

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: cassytha-glabella

scientific: Cassytha glabella

epithet: glabella

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 404 (1810)

Cassytha casuarinae

authorship: Nees

Cassytha dispar

authorship: Schltdl.

Cassytha filiformis

authorship: Thunb.

Cassytha microcephala

authorship: Meisn.

codes: NSW QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

lifeform: holoparasite

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 404

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: cassytha-melantha

scientific: Cassytha melantha

epithet: melantha

codes: NSW SOA TAS VIC WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
coarse dodder-laurel
mallee stranglevine

partners:
Candalides hyacinthina
Callocephalon fimbriatum
Leipoa ocellata


slug: cassytha-pondoensis

scientific: Cassytha pondoensis

authorship: Engl.

epithet: pondoensis

Cassytha schliebenii

authorship: Robyns & R.Wilczek

codes: ANG CPP NAT MLW MOZ TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pondo Dodder
Pondo Tresses

value: vine

authors: Engl.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: cassytha-pubescens

scientific: Cassytha pubescens

epithet: pubescens

Cassytha glabella

authorship: Sieber ex Meisn.

Cassytha paniculata var. remotiflora

authorship: (F.Muell. ex Meisn.) Benth.

Cassytha phaeolasia

authorship: (F.Muell.) Benth.

Cassytha remotiflora

authorship: F.Muell. ex Meisn.

Cassytha tepperiana

authorship: Ludw. ex Tepper

codes: NSW NZN NTA QLD SOA TAS VIC WAU

New Zealand North

code: NZN

region: New Zealand

Northern Territory

code: NTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1136 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Candalides acasta
Candalides geminus
Candalides hyacinthina
Candalides erinus
Chlenias stenosticha

partners:
Acacia longifolia
Coriaria arborea
Kunzea linearis
Kunzea robusta
Metrosideros excelsa

value: phanerophyte

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: cassytha-racemosa

scientific: Cassytha racemosa

epithet: racemosa

Cassytha racemosa var. genuina

authorship: Hochr.

Cassytha racemosa var. pilosa

authorship: Benth.

codes: NSW QLD WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 71 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ausejanus albisignatus
Candalides hyacinthina
Leades rufina
Leucophoroptera quadrimaculata

published_in: Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1(4): 621


slug: castanea-crenata

scientific: Castanea crenata

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

genus: Castanea

epithet: crenata

family: Fagaceae

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 224 (1846)

preferred: Japanese chestnut

Castanea castanea var. pubinervis

authorship: Sarg.

Castanea chinensis

authorship: Hassk.

Castanea crenata f. femina

authorship: (Makino) Sugim.

Castanea crenata f. gigantea

authorship: Makino

Castanea crenata f. pendula

authorship: (Miyoshi) Sugim.

Castanea crenata f. pulchella

authorship: (Honda) Sugim.

Castanea crenata var. canescens

authorship: (Blume) Koidz.

Castanea crenata var. caudata

authorship: Miyoshi

Castanea crenata var. dulcis

authorship: Nakai

Castanea crenata var. elongata

authorship: (Blume) A.Camus

Castanea crenata var. kawasei

authorship: Sugim.

Castanea crenata var. pulchella

authorship: Honda

Castanea crenata var. stricta

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Camus

Castanea japonica

authorship: Blume

Castanea japonica var. stricta

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume

Castanea sativa var. japonica

authorship: (Blume) Seemen

Castanea sativa var. pubinervis

authorship: (C.K.Schneid.) Makino

Castanea vulgaris var. japonica

authorship: (Blume) A.DC.

codes: JAP KOR

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 506 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Japanese chestnut
Japanese Chestnuts

names:
Castanea crenata
castaño del Japón

names: 茅栗 栗子

names: Castanheiro-japonês castanha-japoneza

names: Каштан городчатый

names: kuri クリ

names:
Châtaignier crénelé
châtaignier du Japon

names:
Castagno crenato
castagno giapponese

names: bamnamu 밤나무

names: เกาลัดญี่ปุ่น

partners:
Apis cerana
Apis mellifera
Bombus hypocrita hypocrita
Chlorophorus japonicus
Cteniopinus hypocrita
Dermestes haemorrhoidalis
Ectinohoplia obducta
Eristalis cerealis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aglais io
Anthidium manicatum
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus terrestris
Cetonia aurata
Chlorophorus figuratus

partners:
Kunugia undans
Rapala arata
Acria ceramitis
Acrodontis sp. A
Actias gnoma
Adoxophyes orana
Aglia tau
Arboridia suzukii

partners:
Microterys liaoi
Microterys longiclavatus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Ophiognomonia kobayashii
Ophiognomonia otanii

published_in: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 224 (-225)


slug: castanea-dentata

scientific: Castanea dentata

authorship: Borkh.

epithet: dentata

published_in: Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 741 (1800)

preferred: American chestnut

Castanea americana

authorship: (Michx.) Raf.

Castanea sativa var. americana

authorship: (Michx.) Sarg.

Castanea sativa var. pendulifolia

authorship: Lavallée

Castanea vesca var. americana

authorship: Michx.

Castanea vulgaris var. americana

authorship: (Michx.) A.DC.

Fagus castanea var. dentata

authorship: Marshall

codes: ALA CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1967 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Каштан зубчатый

names:
Amerika kestanesi
Kuzey Amerika Kestanesi

names: Американський каштан

partners:
Andrena
Andrena crataegi
Andrena rehni
Andrena vicina
Antherophagus
Archilochus colubris
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus

partners:
Andrena rehni
Atymna castaneae
Coleophora atromarginata
Coleophora leucochrysella
Empoasca fabae
Platycotis vittatus

partners:
Alebra aurea
Atymna castaneae
Eratoneura adunca
Eratoneura harpola
Glossonotus univittatus
Telamona decorata
Telamona reclivata
Acronicta americana

partners:
Agrilus bilineatus
Anthaxia quercata
Brachys aerosus
Chrysobothris sexsignata


slug: castanea-mollissima

scientific: Castanea mollissima

epithet: mollissima

preferred: Chinese Chestnut

english:
Chinese Chestnut
Chinese chestnut

Castanea duclouxii

authorship: Dode

Castanea formosana

authorship: (Hayata) Hayata

Castanea mollissima var. pendula

authorship: X.Y.Zhou & Z.D.Zhou

Castanea sativa var. bungeana

authorship: (Blume) Pamp.

Castanea sativa var. formosana

authorship: Hayata

Castanea sativa var. intermedia

authorship: Pamp.

Castanea sinensis

authorship: Perr.

Castanea vulgaris var. yunnanensis

authorship: Fr.

codes: CHN CHC CHS KOR MYA

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Korea

code: KOR

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1419 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese Chestnut
Chinese Castanea

names: 栗 栗子

names: Каштан мягчайший

names: shinaguri シイグリ

names: شاهبلوط چینی

names: Китайський каштан

partners:
Andrena rehni
Andrena spiraeana
Apis cerana
Bombus perplexus
Bombus sp.
Calliphoridae
Calliphoridae sp.
Dicronocephalus bowringi

partners:
Atymna castaneae
Camponotus snellingi
Cecrita guttivitta
Oedemasia semirufescens
Pseudomyrmex ejectus

partners:
Anisota stigma
Antheraea polyphemus
Arboridia suzukii
Athyma selenophora laela
Bombus perplexus
Caligula japonica
Chlorophorus probsti
Coilodera formosana

partners:
Bretziella fagacearum
Cephaleuros virescens
Cryphonectria parasitica
Korthalsella japonica
Taxillus sutchuenensis  var. duclouxii

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

value: Single Stem

label: Growth rate

value: rapid


slug: castanea-ozarkensis

scientific: Castanea ozarkensis

authorship: Ashe

epithet: ozarkensis

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 360 (1923)

preferred: Ozark chinkapin

Castanea ozarkensis var. arkansana

authorship: (Ashe) Ashe

Castanea pumila subsp. ozarkensis

authorship: (Ashe) A.E.Murray

Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis

authorship: (Ashe) G.E.Tucker

codes: ALA ARK GEO LOU MSO OKL TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Missouri

code: MSO

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 247 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Near Threatened

names:
Ozark chinkapin
Ozark Chinquapin

label: Visited by

partners:
Anthrenus castaneae
Platycotis vittatus

value: shrub

value: nanophanerophyte

value: perennial

authors: Ashe

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 360

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: castanea-pumila

scientific: Castanea pumila

authorship: (L.) Mill.

epithet: pumila

preferred: Allegheny chinquapin

english:
Allegheny chinquapin
chinkapin
chinquapin

Castanea alnifolia

authorship: Nutt.

Castanea alnifolia subsp. floridana

authorship: (Sarg.) A.E.Murray

Castanea alnifolia var. floridana

authorship: Sarg.

Castanea ashei

authorship: (Sudw.) Sudw. ex Ashe

Castanea chincapin

authorship: hort. ex K.Koch

Castanea floridana

authorship: (Sarg.) Ashe

Castanea nana

authorship: Muhl.

Castanea pumila subsp. ashei

authorship: (Sudw.) A.E.Murray

Castanea pumila var. ashei

authorship: Sudw.

Castanea pumila var. nana

authorship: (Elliott) A.DC.

Fagus nana

authorship: Du Roi ex Steud.

Fagus pumila

authorship: L.

Fagus pumila var. serotina

authorship: Walter

codes: ALA ARK DEL FLA GEO INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1931 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Каштан низкорослый

names: チンカピン チンカピングリ

names: Каштан низькорослий

partners:
Andrena
Andrena cressonii
Blepharomastix ranalis
Calycopis cecrops
Condylolomia participialis
Crambus albellus
Cyaniris neglecta
Eristalis transversa

partners:
Andrena rehni
Andrena w-scripta
Atymna castaneae
Platycotis vittatus

partners:
Atymna castaneae
Alebra castaneae
Ancylis burgessiana
Anisota stigma
Antheraea polyphemus
Blepharomastix ranalis
Catharus guttatus
Condylolomia participialis

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

quote: Chinkapin is a monoecious small tree or large shrub

quote: The leaves are alternate, simple, short-stemmed, prominently veined, oblong with fine pointed teeth or bristles

quote: Male flowers are borne in the leaf axils, elongated, yellow to white, clustered, and have a strong odor

value: Male flowers appear in May and June, female flowers later in the season

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Castanea no. 2. [textus s.n.]

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: castanea-sativa

scientific: Castanea sativa

authorship: Mill.

epithet: sativa

preferred: Sweet Chestnut

english:
Sweet Chestnut
European chestnut

Castanea castanea

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Castanea prolifera

authorship: (K.Koch) Hickel

Castanea sativa f. discolor

authorship: Vuk.

Castanea sativa var. microcarpa

authorship: Lavialle

Castanea sativa var. spicata

authorship: Husn.

Castanea vesca

authorship: Gaertn.

Castanea vulgaris

authorship: Lam.

Fagus castanea var. variegata

authorship: Weston

Fagus procera

authorship: Salisb.

codes: EAI IRN LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB GRC YUG TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Iran

code: IRN

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1933 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Castanea dentata

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

Ellagic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Abortifacient Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiGTF AntiHIV Antiaflatoxin Antianaphylactic Antibacterial

Caffeic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV AntiLegionella Antiadenoviral Antiaggregant Antiaging

Gallic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Analgesic AntiHIV AntiMRSA Antiadenovirus Antiallergenic Antianaphylactic Antiangiogenic

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

P-coumaric-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antifertility Antihepatotoxic Antileukemic Antinitrosaminic

Hamamelitannin

activities: Antioxidant Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
Sweet Chestnut
European Chestnut

names:
Castaño
Castaño europeo

names: 歐洲栗 甜栗

names: Castanheiro castanha-portuguesa

names: Каштан посевной

names:
Chataignier
Chataignier cultive

names:
Castagno comune
Castagno europeo

names: Каштан їстівний

names:
kastanj
äkta kastanj

names:
Kaštanovník setý
kaštanovník jedlý

partners:
Apis mellifera
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aglais io
Andrena argentata
Andrena bimaculata
Andrena dorsata
Andrena nigriceps
Andrena scotica

partners:
Apis mellifera
Colotois pennaria
Cteniopus sulphureus
Dryocosmus kuriphilus

partners:
Alebra albostriella
Agrilus biguttatus
Agrilus graminis
Agrilus hastulifer
Agrilus laticornis
Agrilus viridis
Alebra viridis
Aphrophora alni

label: Parasites

partners:
Dryocosmus kuriphilus
Erysiphe alphitoides
Fistulina hepatica
Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes
Grifola frondosa
Laetiporus sulphureus
Petrakia fagi
Phellinus torulosus

partners:
Cryphonectria parasitica
Phytophthora cambivora
Acrospeira mirabilis
Bretziella fagacearum
Chestnut mosaic virus
Cryptodiaporthe castanea
Meripilus giganteus
Phytophthora cinnamomi

label: Woodiness


slug: castanopsis-carlesii

scientific: Castanopsis carlesii

authorship: (Hemsl.) Hayata

genus: Castanopsis

epithet: carlesii

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6(Suppl.): 72 (1917)

Castanopsis carlesii var. sessilis

authorship: Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata f. carlesii

authorship: (Hemsl.) J.C.Liao

Castanopsis cuspidata var. carlesii

authorship: (Hemsl.) T.Yamaz.

Castanopsis cuspidata var. longicaudata

authorship: (Hayata) S.S.Ying

Castanopsis longicaudata

authorship: (Hayata) Nakai

Castanopsis sessilis

authorship: (Nakai) C.F.Shen

Castanopsis stipitata

authorship: (Koidz.) Nakai

Lithocarpus longicaudata

authorship: (Hayata) Hayata

Lithocarpus stipitatus

authorship: Koidz.

Quercus carlesii

authorship: Hemsl.

Quercus longicaudata

authorship: Hayata

Quercus stipitata

authorship: Hayata ex Koidz.

Shiia carlesii

authorship: (Hemsl.) Kudô

Shiia longicaudata

authorship: (Hayata) Kudô & Masam.

Shiia stipitata

authorship: Kudô & Masam.

codes: CHC CHS TAI VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1069 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names: 卡氏櫧 米槠

names: タカサゴジイ トゲジイ

authors: (Hemsl.) Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6(Suppl.): 72

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: castanopsis-chinensis

scientific: Castanopsis chinensis

authorship: (Spreng.) Hance

epithet: chinensis

Castanea chinensis

authorship: Spreng.

Castanopsis remotiserrata

authorship: Hu

names: 锥栗 栲栗

names:
Dẻ Gai
Kha Thụ Trung Quốc

label: Growth habit

label: Height

authors: Hance

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 10: 199


slug: castanopsis-concinna

scientific: Castanopsis concinna

authorship: (Champ. ex Benth.) A.DC.

epithet: concinna

preferred: Chinquapin

Castanea concinna

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

Castanopsis oblongifolia

authorship: W.C.Cheng & C.S.Chao

label: Vulnerable

names: 华南栲树 华南锥

label: Life form


slug: castanopsis-cuspidata

scientific: Castanopsis cuspidata

authorship: (Thunb.) Schottky

epithet: cuspidata

Balanoplis serrata

authorship: Raf.

Castanea fauriei

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Castanopsis cuspidata f. angustifolia

authorship: (G.Nicholson) Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata f. aurescens

authorship: Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata f. latifolia

authorship: (G.Nicholson) Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Castanopsis cuspidata f. pusilla

authorship: (Blume) Nakai

Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii

authorship: (Makino) Nakai

Castanopsis thunbergii

authorship: (Makino) Hatus.

Pasania cuspidata

authorship: Oerst.

Pasania cuspidata f. pusilla

authorship: (Blume) Makino

Pasania cuspidata f. rotundifolia

authorship: Makino

Pasania sieboldii var. rotundifolia

authorship: (Makino) Makino

Pasaniopsis cuspidata

authorship: (Thunb.) Kudô

Quercus cuspidata

authorship: Thunb.

authorship: Thunb. ex Murray

Quercus cuspidata var. pusilla

authorship: Blume

Shiia cuspidata

authorship: (Thunb.) Makino

Shiia cuspidata var. muratae

authorship: Yanagita

Synaedrys cuspidata

authorship: (Thunb.) Koidz.

Japan

code: JAP

names: East Asian chinquapin, Japanese chinquapin

names: 尖叶栲 長尾尖葉櫧

names: Каштанник остроконечный

names: コジイ ツブラジイ

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acrocercops mantica
Acrocercops melanoplecta
Aguriahana quercus
Antheraea yamamai
Apheliona ferruginea
Arhopala japonica
Callosciurus erythraeus
Celastrina argiolus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Schottky

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47(5): 682, in obs


slug: castanopsis-eyrei

scientific: Castanopsis eyrei

authorship: Tutch.

epithet: eyrei

Castanopsis brachyacantha

authorship: Hayata

authorship: Hayata ex Koidz.

Castanopsis caudata

authorship: Franch.

Castanopsis eyrei var. brachyacantha

authorship: (Hay.) C.F.Shen

Castanopsis eyrei var. caudata

authorship: (Franch.) Cheng

Lithocarpus brachyacanthus

authorship: Koidz.

Lithocarpus eyrei

authorship: Rehder

Quercus eyrei

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

Shiia brachyacantha

authorship: (Hayata ex Koidz.) Kudô & Masam.

codes: CHC CHS TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 高山栲 椆

source: GIFT

label: Leaf retention

label: Life cycle

authors: (Champ. ex Benth.) Tutcher

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 68


slug: castanopsis-faberi

scientific: Castanopsis faberi

authorship: Hance

epithet: faberi

Castanopsis brevistella

authorship: Hayata & Kaneh. ex A.Camus

Castanopsis matsudae

authorship: Hayata ex A.Camus

Castanopsis ninbienensis

authorship: Hickel & A.Camus

Castanopsis sinsuiensis

authorship: Kaneh.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 星刺栲 星狀短刺櫧

names: クサノクリガシ ヒシガタクリガシ

label: Photosynthetic pathway

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides