slug: carex-tristis

scientific: Carex tristis

epithet: tristis

Carex aladagensis

authorship: Kük. ex J.Schultze-Motel

Carex ferruginea

authorship: Steven

Carex ferruginea subsp. tristis

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Nyman

Carex frigida var. densa

authorship: Meinsh.

Carex schottii

authorship: Boiss.

Carex sempervirens subsp. tristis

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Kük.

Carex sempervirens var. pendulina

authorship: Kük.

Carex tristis var. pendulina

authorship: (Kük.) Grossh.

codes: IRN NCS TCS TUR

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: осока печальная

label: Woodiness

published_in: Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 615

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: carex-tuckermanii

scientific: Carex tuckermanii

authorship: Dewey

genus: Carex

epithet: tuckermanii

family: Cyperaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: Tuckerman's sedge

source: usda

Carex tuckermanii

authorship: Boott

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CNT ILL INI MAI MRY MIC MIN NBR NWY OHI ONT PEN QUE VER WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

Vermont

code: VER

Wisconsin

code: WIS

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

climate: temperate

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 946 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: graminoid

source: USDA PLANTS

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: herb

key: woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life form

value: geophyte

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: carex-tumulicola

scientific: Carex tumulicola

authorship: Mack.

epithet: tumulicola

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 154 (1907)

preferred: splitawn sedge

source: wikidata

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 121 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
splitawn sedge
foothill sedge

names: Осока курганная

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Mack.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 154

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

license: per photograph

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

field: phenology

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: carex-turgescens

scientific: Carex turgescens

authorship: Torr.

epithet: turgescens

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 419 (1836)

preferred: pine barren sedge

Carex folliculata

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pine barren sedge
pinebarren sedge

authors: Torr.

published_in: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York iii. (1836) 419

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-typhina

scientific: Carex typhina

authorship: Michx.

epithet: typhina

preferred: cattail sedge

Carex squarrosa var. typhina

authorship: (Michx.) Nutt.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 495 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-ultra

scientific: Carex ultra

epithet: ultra

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 83 (1887)

preferred: Cochise sedge

Carex spissa var. ultra

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) Kük.

codes: ARI MXN NWM

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 83

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-umbellata

scientific: Carex umbellata

authorship: Willd.

epithet: umbellata

preferred: parasol sedge

Carex umbellata f. vicina

authorship: (Dewey) Wiegand

Carex umbellata subsp. abdita

authorship: (E.P.Bicknell) W.Stone

Carex umbellata subsp. brachyrhina

authorship: Piper

Olotrema umbellata

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

codes: ALA ABT ARK BRC GEO GNL ILL INI KAN KTY LAB MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWJ NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS TEN VER WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Alberta

code: ABT

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Georgia

code: GEO

Greenland

code: GNL

region: Subarctic America

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kansas

code: KAN

Labrador

code: LAB

Mississippi

code: MSI

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 300 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: carex-umbrosa

scientific: Carex umbrosa

authorship: Host

epithet: umbrosa

published_in: Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: 52 (1801)

Carex bremurii

authorship: Christ ex Meinsh.

Carex caryophyllea var. umbrosa

authorship: (Host) Fiori

Carex huetiana

authorship: Boiss.

Carex longifolia f. gracilis

authorship: Kohts

Carex mixta

authorship: Miégev.

Carex mixta var. gynobasis

authorship: Rouy

Carex polyrrhiza

authorship: Wallr.

Carex polyrrhiza f. brevifolia

authorship: Waisb.

Carex polyrrhiza f. breviscapa

authorship: Peterm.

Carex polyrrhiza var. decalvata

authorship: Hausm. ex Döll

Carex polyrrhiza var. gynobasis

authorship: Murr

Carex polyrrhiza var. huetiana

authorship: (Boiss.) P.Fourn.

Carex praecox subsp. mixta

authorship: Douin

Carex praecox subsp. polyrrhiza

authorship: (Wallr.) Douin

Carex praecox var. longifolia

authorship: Wahlenb.

Carex praecox var. polyrrhiza

authorship: (Wallr.) Boott

Carex praecox var. procerior

authorship: Gaudin

Carex praecox var. umbrosa

authorship: (Host) Wimm. & Grab.

authorship: (Host) Crép.

Carex reuteriana

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

Carex stolonifera var. procera

authorship: Klett & Richt.

Carex umbrosa f. brevifolia

authorship: (Waisb.) Soó

Carex umbrosa f. breviscapa

authorship: (Peterm.) Soó

Carex umbrosa f. gracilis

authorship: (Kohts) Kük.

Carex umbrosa f. gynobasis

authorship: (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Carex umbrosa f. longipedunculata

authorship: Torges ex Kük.

Carex umbrosa f. subintegra

authorship: (Kük.) Kük.

Carex umbrosa subsp. huetiana

authorship: (Boiss.) T.V.Egorova

Carex umbrosa var. decalvata

authorship: (Hausm. ex Döll) Kük.

Carex umbrosa var. huetiana

authorship: (Boiss.) Kük.

Carex umbrosa var. longifolia

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Nyman

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: AMU KOR CHM MON NCS PRM TCS TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG RUW POL ROM SAR SPA SWI UKR

Amur

code: AMU

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

region: China

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Primorye

code: PRM

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Осока теневая

names:
Laiche des ombrages
Laîche des lieux ombragés

names: Осока затінкова

names: Асака ценявая

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Agramma laetum
Agramma ruficorne
Aiolopus thalassinus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anaphothrips badius
Anas acuta

published_in: Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: 52, t. 69

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-uncifolia

scientific: Carex uncifolia

authorship: Cheeseman

epithet: uncifolia

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 16: 412 (1884)

Carex cardrona

authorship: Hamlin

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand North

code: NZN

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: New Zealand

New Zealand South

code: NZS

authors: Cheeseman

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. xvi. (1884) 412

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: carex-uncinata

scientific: Carex uncinata

epithet: uncinata

preferred: Hawai'i birdcatching sedge

Carex hamosa

authorship: Thouars

Uncinia alopecuroides

authorship: Colenso

Uncinia australis

authorship: Pers.

Uncinia lindleyana

authorship: Kunth

Uncinia pedicellata

authorship: Kük.

Uncinia rigidula

authorship: Steud.

Uncinia scaberrima

authorship: Nees

Uncinia uncinata

authorship: (L.f.) Kük.

Uncinia uncinata var. laxior

authorship: Carse

Uncinia uncinata var. pedicellata

authorship: (Kük.) Petrie

Uncinia uncinata var. uliginosa

authorship: Skottsb.

codes: ATP NZN NZS HAW SCI TUB

Antipodean Is.

code: ATP

Hawaii

code: HAW

continent: PACIFIC

region: North-Central Pacific

Society Is.

code: SCI

region: South-Central Pacific

Tubuai Is.

code: TUB

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 426 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Height

category: Size

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: achene

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 413

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol UNUN

license: public domain

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-unilateralis

scientific: Carex unilateralis

authorship: Mack.

epithet: unilateralis

preferred: lateral sedge

Carex athrostachya var. unilateralis

authorship: (Mack.) B.Boivin

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 83 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
lateral sedge
one-sided sedge

names: カタガワヤガミスゲ カタガワヤガミスゲ（Katagawa-yagami-suge）

authors: Mack. ex J.C.Nelson

published_in: Torreya 1918, xviii. 222, nomen

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-uruguensis

scientific: Carex uruguensis

authorship: Boeckeler

epithet: uruguensis

Carex sororia subsp. uruguensis

authorship: (Boeckeler) Luceño & M.Alves

Carex uruguensis var. angustata

authorship: (Kük.) Kük.

Carex uruguensis var. pseudoechinata

authorship: (Boeckeler) Kük.

codes: AGE AGW BZS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Uruguay

code: URU

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

authors: Boeckeler

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7(3): 277

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-utriculata

scientific: Carex utriculata

authorship: Boott

epithet: utriculata

preferred: Beaked sedge

english:
Beaked sedge
Bottle sedge
Common yellow lake sedge
Northwest Territory sedge

Carex ampullacea var. utriculata

authorship: (Boott) J.Carey

Carex bullata subsp. laevirostris

authorship: (Blytt ex Fr.) Fr.

Carex bullata var. laevirostris

authorship: Blytt ex Fr.

Carex inflata var. utriculata

authorship: (Boott) Druce

Carex laevirostris

authorship: (Blytt ex Fr.) Andersson

Carex massonii

authorship: Cay. & Lepage

Carex rhynchophysa

authorship: Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.

Carex rostrata f. minor

authorship: (Boott) Kük.

Carex rostrata subsp. utriculata

authorship: (Boott) R.Knapp

authorship: (Boott) Asch. & Graebn.

Carex rostrata var. utriculata

authorship: (Boott) L.H.Bailey

Carex utriculata var. globosa

authorship: Olney

Carex utriculata var. sparsiflora

authorship: Dewey

Carex ventricosa

authorship: Franch.

Carex vesicaria var. utriculata

authorship: (Boott) Dewey

codes: ALT CHI JAP KAM KAZ KHA KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON PRM SAK WSB CHX YAK BLT BLR RUC CZE RUE FIN RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SWE ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL CNT IDA ILL INI LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MXE MIC MIN MNT NEV NBR NWH NWM NWY NFL NWT NSC NUN OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE SAS SDA TEN UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO YUK

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1960 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Осока вздутоносая
Осока вздутоносиковая

partners:
Bison
Javesella pellucida
Ninguta schrenckii

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: carex-vacillans

scientific: Carex vacillans

authorship: Drejer

epithet: vacillans

preferred: sedge

Carex daibuensis

authorship: Hayata

Carex haematolepis subsp. kattegatensis

authorship: (Almq.) Nyman

Carex haematolepis var. vacillans

authorship: (Drejer) Nyman

Carex kattegatensis

authorship: (Almq.) Fr. ex V.I.Krecz.

authorship: (Almq.) Fr. ex Nyman

Carex kattegatensis f. vacillans

authorship: (Drejer) Almq.

Carex salina var. kattegatensis

authorship: Almq.

Carex subnigra

authorship: Lepage

codes: FIN RUN NOR SWE MAI MAS NBR NFL NSC PEI QUE

North European Russia

code: RUN

Norway

code: NOR

Sweden

code: SWE

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

names:
Sedge
estuarine sedge

label: Flowering months

value: Jun-Aug


slug: carex-vaginata

scientific: Carex vaginata

authorship: Tausch

epithet: vaginata

preferred: Sheathed sedge

english:
Sheathed sedge
sheathed sedge

Carex altocaulis

authorship: (Dewey) Britton

Carex curvirostra

authorship: Hartm.

Carex depauperata

authorship: Hornem.

Carex falcata

authorship: Turcz.

Carex mielichhoferi

authorship: Sm.

Carex nematostachya

authorship: Cham. ex V.I.Krecz.

Carex nivicola

authorship: G.Don ex Boott

Carex panicea subsp. vaginata

authorship: (Tausch) Rouy

Carex panicea var. pauciflora

authorship: Wahlenb.

Carex petersii

authorship: C.A.Mey. ex F.Schmidt

Carex scotica

authorship: Spreng.

Carex sparsiflora

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Steud.

Carex sparsiflora subsp. altocaulis

authorship: Kük.

Carex sparsiflora subsp. polygama

authorship: Andersson

Carex sparsiflora var. distracta

authorship: Norman

Carex sparsiflora var. falcata

authorship: (Turcz.) Kük.

Carex sparsiflora var. gruetteri

authorship: (Asch. & Graebn.) Kük.

Carex sparsiflora var. pauciflora

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Andersson

Carex sparsiflora var. petersii

authorship: (C.A.Mey. ex F.Schmidt) Kük.

Carex sudetica

authorship: C.Presl ex Kunth

Carex tetanica

authorship: Rchb.

Carex triflora

authorship: Vahl ex Kunth

Carex vaginata f. distracta

authorship: Norm.

Carex vaginata subsp. quasivaginata

authorship: (C.B.Clarke) Malyschev

Carex vaginata var. curvirostra

authorship: (Hartm.) Nyman

Carex vaginata var. gruetteri

authorship: Asch. & Graebn.

codes: ALT CTA CHI IRK JAP KAM KAZ KOR KRA KUR MAG CHM MON NCS PRM SAK TCS TVA WSB YAK AUT BLT BLR RUC CZE RUE FIN FRA GER GRB ICE ITA RUN RUW NOR POL ROM SWE SWI UKR ASK ABT BRC GNL ILL LAB MAI MAN MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWY NFL NWT NUN QUE SAS VER WIS YUK

Altay

code: ALT

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Korea

code: KOR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Tuva

code: TVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 723 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Осока влагалищная

names: サヤスゲ ケヤリスゲ（Keyari-suge）

names:
turzyca luznokwiatowa
turzyca luźnokwiatowa

names: Осока піхвова

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Agramma laetum
Agramma ruficorne
Aiolopus thalassinus
Anaphothrips badius
Anas acuta
Anas crecca
Anser albifrons

partners:
Cerocephala cornigera
Dinotiscus colon
Entedon ergias
Metacolus fasciatus
Metacolus unifasciatus
Rhaphitelus maculatus

partners:
Abies balsamea
Chalara
Clusia
Crataegus rhipidophylla
Fagus
indet.
Phaseolus
Pinus banksiana

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-vallicola

scientific: Carex vallicola

authorship: Dewey

epithet: vallicola

preferred: valley sedge

Carex brevisquama

authorship: Mack.

Carex phaeolepis

authorship: Holm

Carex vallicola var. rusbyi

authorship: (Mack.) F.J.Herm.

codes: ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXC MXE MNT NEV NWM ORE SDA TEX UTA WAS WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

South Dakota

code: SDA

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
valley sedge
western valley sedge


slug: carex-ventosa

scientific: Carex ventosa

epithet: ventosa

published_in: Man. New Zealand Fl. : 832 (1906)

Carex mcclurgii

authorship: Petrie

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

published_in: in Cheeseman, Man. N. Zeal. Fl. 832 (1906)

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-venusta

scientific: Carex venusta

epithet: venusta

preferred: darkgreen sedge

Carex glabra

authorship: Boott

Carex oblita

authorship: Steud.

Carex venusta var. minor

authorship: Boeckeler

Carex venusta var. oblita

authorship: (Steud.) Kük.

codes: ALA DEL WDC FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NWJ NWY NCA SCA TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

authors: Dewey

published_in: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 26: 107

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: carex-vernacula

scientific: Carex vernacula

epithet: vernacula

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 417 (1893)

preferred: native sedge

Carex foetida var. vernacula

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) Kük.

Carex vernacula var. hobsonii

authorship: Maguire

codes: CAL COL IDA ORE WAS WYO

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

names:
native sedge
foetid sedge

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20(11): 417

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: carex-verrucosa

scientific: Carex verrucosa

authorship: Muhl.

epithet: verrucosa

preferred: warty sedge

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU NCA SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 268 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Muhl.

published_in: Descr. Gram. (Muhlenberg) 261

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-vesicaria

scientific: Carex vesicaria

authorship: L.

epithet: vesicaria

preferred: blister sedge

Carex exsiccata var. globosa

authorship: (Olney) L.H.Bailey

Carex furcata

authorship: Lapeyr.

Carex miliaris var. raeana

authorship: (Boott) Kük.

Carex monile

authorship: Tuck. ex Boott

authorship: Tuck.

Carex monile var. obtusisquamis

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey

Carex monile var. raeana

authorship: (Boott) L.H.Bailey

Carex pendula

authorship: Moench

Carex pulla f. dichroa

authorship: (Andersson) Blytt

Carex pulla f. pedunculata

authorship: Kjellm.

Carex pulla f. polystachya

authorship: Blytt

Carex pulla var. sibirica

authorship: Christ

Carex saxatilis f. dichroa

authorship: (Andersson) E.S.Marshall

Carex schrenkiana

authorship: C.A.Mey. ex Trevir.

Carex vesicaria f. alpigena

authorship: (Fr.) Neuman

Carex vesicaria f. aurea

authorship: Lange

Carex vesicaria f. brachystachys

authorship: Lindeb.

Carex vesicaria f. dichroa

authorship: (Andersson) Kük.

authorship: (Andersson) Neuman

Carex vesicaria f. elatior

authorship: Andersson

Carex vesicaria f. fluitans

authorship: Raymond

Carex vesicaria f. globosa

authorship: (Olney) Kük.

Carex vesicaria f. gracillima

authorship: Kük.

Carex vesicaria f. hexasticha

authorship: Hoschedé

Carex vesicaria f. polystachya

authorship: (Blytt) Kük.

Carex vesicaria subsp. alpigena

authorship: (Fr.) Printz

Carex vesicaria subsp. flavescens

authorship: Ehrh.

Carex vesicaria var. alpigena

authorship: Fr.

Carex vesicaria var. calcifoenum

authorship: Laest.

Carex vesicaria var. fatua

authorship: Peterm.

Carex vesicaria var. globosa

authorship: Olney

Carex vesicaria var. monile

authorship: (Tuck. ex Boott) Fernald

authorship: (Tuck.) Boeckeler

Carex vesicaria var. monstrosa

authorship: (L.H.Bailey) Farw.

Carex vesicaria var. raeana

authorship: (Boott) Fernald

Carex vesicaria var. robusta

authorship: Sond.

Carex vesicaria var. virens

authorship: (F.Nyl.) Nyl. & Saelán

Trasus vesicarius

authorship: (L.) Gray

codes: ALT IRN JAP KAZ KGZ NCS TZK TCS TUR WSB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR ABT ARI BRC CAL COL CNT ILL INI KTY LAB MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWM NWY NFL NSC OHI ONT ORE PEN QUE RHO UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Altay

code: ALT

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Japan

code: JAP

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

West Siberia

code: WSB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1953 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: オニナルコスゲ オニナルコスゲ（Oni-naruko-suge）

names:
Hesgen Chwysigennaidd
Hesgen Chwysigennaidd Berdywysennog

partners:
Entomobrya intermedia
Issus coleoptratus
Liocoris tripustulatus
Nigma puella
Palomena prasina
Zyginella pulchra

partners:
Cosmotettix caudatus
Forcipata major
Xylena vetusta
Acanthis flammea
Agramma laetum
Agramma ruficorne
Aiolopus thalassinus
Alauda arvensis


slug: carex-vestita

scientific: Carex vestita

authorship: Willd.

epithet: vestita

preferred: velvet sedge

Carex vestita f. kennedyi

authorship: (Fernald) Kük.

Carex vestita var. kennedyi

authorship: Fernald

Loxotrema vestita

authorship: (Willd.) Raf.

codes: ALA CNT DEL MAI MRY MAS NWH NWJ NWY NCA PEN RHO TEN VRG

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
velvet sedge
clothed sedge

authors: Willd.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-vexans

scientific: Carex vexans

epithet: vexans

preferred: Florida hammock sedge

Florida

code: FLA

published_in: Rhodora 57: 156


slug: carex-virescens

scientific: Carex virescens

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

epithet: virescens

preferred: ribbed sedge

Carex costata

authorship: Schwein.

Carex costellata

authorship: Britton

Carex virescens var. costata

authorship: Dewey

Carex virescens var. enormis

authorship: Farw.

Olamblis virescens

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Québec

code: QUE

South Carolina

code: SCA

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 341 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-vulpina

scientific: Carex vulpina

authorship: L.

epithet: vulpina

preferred: True Fox Sedge

english:
True Fox Sedge
true fox-sedge

Carex brotherorum

authorship: Christ

Carex compacta

authorship: Lam.

Carex glomerata

authorship: Gilib. ex Bubani

Carex mertensis

authorship: Weihe ex Kunth

Carex muricata

authorship: Jungh.

Carex spicata

authorship: Thuill.

Carex vulpina f. aristata

authorship: Asch.

Carex vulpina f. capitulata

authorship: (Peterm.) Soó

Carex vulpina f. elongata

authorship: Andersson

Carex vulpina f. laeviuscula

authorship: Sanio ex Asch. & Graebn.

Carex vulpina f. minor

authorship: Peterm.

Carex vulpina subsp. stribrnyi

authorship: Velen.

Carex vulpina var. acuta

authorship: Gray

Carex vulpina var. compacta

authorship: (Lam.) Velen.

Carex vulpina var. crassinervis

authorship: (Schur) Kük.

Carex vulpina var. divulsa

authorship: Čelak.

Carex vulpina var. gracilis

authorship: Gaudin

Carex vulpina var. litoralis

authorship: Nolte ex Asch. & Graebn.

Carex vulpina var. longibracteata

authorship: Beck

Carex vulpina var. pallidior

authorship: Meinsh.

Carex vulpina var. remotiflora

authorship: Lange

Carex vulpina var. stribrnyi

authorship: (Velen.) Kük.

Carex vulpina var. tenuior

authorship: Trevir.

Edritria vulpina

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Vignea vulpina

authorship: (L.) Rchb.

Vignea vulpina var. crassinervis

authorship: Schur

codes: ALT KAZ NCS TCS UZB WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN ITA KRY YUG NET RUN RUW NOR POL ROM RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1574 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hesgen dywysennog fawr
Hesgen Dywysennog Fwyaf

partners:
Kelisia monoceros
Anthomyza gracilis
Forcipata major
Acanthis flammea
Agramma laetum
Agramma ruficorne
Aiolopus thalassinus
Anaphothrips badius


slug: carex-vulpinoidea

scientific: Carex vulpinoidea

authorship: Michx.

epithet: vulpinoidea

preferred: Brown fox sedge

english:
Brown fox sedge
Fox sedge
american fox-sedge
fox sedge

Carex bracteosa

authorship: Schwein.

Carex microsperma

authorship: Wahlenb.

Carex microspherma

authorship: Wahl

Carex moniezii

authorship: Lagrange

Carex muhlenbergii

authorship: Kunth ex Boott

Carex multiflora

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

Carex multiflora var. microsperma

authorship: (Wahlenb.) Dewey

Carex polymorpha

authorship: Schwein. ex Boott

Carex scabrior

authorship: Sartwell ex Boott

authorship: Sartwell ex Dewey

Carex setacea

authorship: Dewey

Carex vaginiformis

authorship: Tuck.

Carex vulpinoidea f. segregata

authorship: (Farw.) Raymond

Carex vulpinoidea var. glomerata

authorship: Barratt

Carex vulpinoidea var. scabrior

authorship: (Sartwell ex Dewey) Alph.Wood

Carex vulpinoidea var. segregata

authorship: Farw.

Carex vulpinoidea var. setacea

authorship: (Dewey) Kük.

Vignea multiflora

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb.

Vignea setacea

authorship: (Dewey) Raf.

Vignea vulpinoidea

authorship: (Michx.) Soják

codes: ALA ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXG MXN MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NFL NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO DOM

Alabama

code: ALA

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Осока лисообразная

names: ナガバアメリカミコシガヤ

names:
Hesg Tywysennog America
Hesgen Dywysennog America

partners:
Porzana carolina
Acanthis flammea
Agramma laetum
Agramma ruficorne
Aiolopus thalassinus
Anaphothrips badius
Anas acuta
Anas crecca

quote: Fox sedge is a perennial, clump-forming grass


slug: carex-wahuensis

scientific: Carex wahuensis

epithet: wahuensis

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 1: 218 (1831)

preferred: Oahu sedge

Carex bongardii

authorship: Boott

Carex bongardii var. robusta

authorship: Franch. & Sav.

Carex boninensis

authorship: Koidz.

Carex boottiana

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Carex erythrolepis

authorship: Kük.

Carex oahuensis

authorship: Hillebr.

Carex oahuensis var. boottiana

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Kük.

Carex putuoensis

authorship: S.Yun Liang

Carex qingdaoensis

authorship: F.Z.Li & S.J.Fan

Carex reflexistyla

authorship: Hayata

Carex stupenda

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Carex stupenda var. bracteosa

authorship: (C.B.Clarke) Koidz.

Carex stupenda var. robusta

authorship: (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai

Carex wahuensis subsp. rubiginosa

authorship: (R.W.Krauss) T.Koyama

codes: CHN CHS JAP KZN KOR NNS OGA TAI HAW

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kazan-retto

code: KZN

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 233 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 健壯薹草 布氏宿柱薹

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Omiodes anastrepta
Omiodes antidoxa

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: 1 m

published_in: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans i. (1831) 218. t. 10


slug: carex-wakatipu

scientific: Carex wakatipu

authorship: Petrie

epithet: wakatipu

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14: 363 (1882)

New Zealand South

code: NZS

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Petrie

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. xiv. (1882) 363

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carex-whitneyi

scientific: Carex whitneyi

authorship: Olney

epithet: whitneyi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 394 (1868)

preferred: Whitney's sedge

Carex flaccifolia

authorship: Mack.

Carex pilosiuscula

authorship: Boeckeler

codes: CAL NEV ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Whitney's sedge
Whitney sedge

authors: Olney

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vii. (1868) 394


slug: carex-wiegandii

scientific: Carex wiegandii

epithet: wiegandii

preferred: Wiegand's sedge

codes: MAI MAS MIC NWH NWY NFL NSC ONT PEN PEI QUE VER

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

region: Eastern Canada

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 88 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: carex-willdenowii

scientific: Carex willdenowii

authorship: Willd.

epithet: willdenowii

preferred: Willdenow's sedge

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC ILL INI KTY MRY MAS MIC MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 162 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: carex-woodii

scientific: Carex woodii

authorship: Dewey

epithet: woodii

preferred: pretty sedge

Carex tetanica f. woodii

authorship: (Dewey) Kük.

Carex tetanica var. woodii

authorship: (Dewey) L.H.Bailey

codes: WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MRY MIC MIN NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA WIS

District of Columbia

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Iowa

code: IOW

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

New York

code: NWY

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 324 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pretty sedge
Wood's sedge


slug: carex-xerophila

scientific: Carex xerophila

authorship: Janeway & Zika

epithet: xerophila

preferred: chaparral sedge

California

code: CAL

authors: Janeway & Zika


slug: carex-zotovii

scientific: Carex zotovii

authorship: (Hamlin) K.A.Ford

epithet: zotovii

Uncinia zotovii

authorship: Hamlin

codes: CTM NZN NZS

Chatham Is.

code: CTM

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Zotov's Bastard Grass
Zotov's Hook Sedge

authors: (Hamlin) K.A.Ford

published_in: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 179: 37

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: careya-arborea

scientific: Careya arborea

authorship: Roxb.

genus: Careya

epithet: arborea

family: Lecythidaceae

published_in: Pl. Coromandel  3: 14 (1819)

Barringtonia arborea

authorship: (Roxb.) F.Muell.

Careya orbiculata

authorship: Miers

Careya venenata

authorship: Oken

codes: AFG AND ASS BAN CBD IND LAO MLY MYA NEP THA VIE

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Andaman Is.

code: AND

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 182 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Betulin

activities: AntiHIV Anticarcinomic Antifeedant Antiflu Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antiviral Aphidifuge

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names: 古斯玉蕊 榴玉蕊

names: Карея древовидная

partners:
Cynopterus sphinx
Pteropus vampyrus
Taphozous longimanus

partners:
Antheraea paphia
Elephas maximus
Trabala vishnou

value: tree

value: woody

value: phanerophyte

value: deciduous

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology


slug: carica-papaya

scientific: Carica papaya

authorship: L.

genus: Carica

epithet: papaya

family: Caricaceae

preferred: Papaya

english: Papaya papaya

source: inat

Carica citriformis

authorship: J.Jacq. ex Spreng.

authorship: Jacq.

Carica cubensis

authorship: Solms

Carica hermaphrodita

authorship: Blanco

Carica jamaicensis

authorship: Urb.

Carica jimenezii

authorship: Bertoni

Carica mamaya

authorship: Vell.

Carica papaya f. mamaya

authorship: (Vell.) Stellfeld

Carica papaya f. portoricensis

authorship: (Urb.) Solms

Carica papaya var. bady

authorship: Aké Assi

Carica peltata

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Carica pinnatifida

authorship: Heilborn

Carica sativa

authorship: Tussac

Papaya carica

authorship: Gaertn.

Papaya cimarrona

authorship: Sint. ex Kuntze

Papaya citriformis

authorship: (J.Jacq. ex Spreng.) A.DC.

Papaya communis

authorship: Noronha

Papaya cubensis

authorship: (Solms) Kuntze

Papaya edulis

authorship: Bojer

Papaya papaya

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Papaya peltata

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze

Papaya pyriformis

authorship: (Willd.) Baill.

Papaya sativa

authorship: Tuss.

Papaya vulgaris

authorship: DC.

Vasconcellea peltata

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1936 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Ricinus communis

slug: ricinus-communis

Papain

activities: Allergenic Ancylostomicide Anthelmintic Anticoagulant Antidyspeptic Antiedemic Antigastritic Antigenic

Carpaine

activities: Amebicide Antibacterial Antidysenteric Antitubercular Antitumor CNS-Depressant Cardiodepressant Cardiotonic

Benzyl-isothiocyanate

activities: Albuminurigenic Allergenic Anthelmintic Antiasthmatic Antibacterial Antibiotic Antimutagenic Antineoplastic

Fumaric-acid

activities: Acidulant Antidermatitic Antihepatocarcinogenic Antioxidant Antipsoriac Antitumor FLavor

Tartaric-acid

activities:
Acidifier
Additive
Antioxidant Synergist
FLavor
Irritant
Sequestrant

Malic-acid

activities:
Antiatherosclerotic
Antibacterial
Antifibromyalgic
Antioxidant Synergist
Antiseborrheic
Antiseptic
Antitubercular
Antitumor

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

names: papaya Papaw

partners:
Aides dysoni
Archilochus colubris
Biblis aganisa
Calpodes longirostris
Heliconius charithonia
Heliconius charithonia vazquezae
Heliconius erato cruentus
Nascus phocus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Eonycteris spelaea
Leptonycteris curasoae
Lycorea cleobaea halia
Megaloglossus woermanni
Paracoccus marginatus

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Carollia perspicillata
Eidolon helvum
Penelope obscura
Phyllostomus hastatus
Pteropus melanotus
Thraupis episcopus

partners:
Papaya mosaic virus
Papaya ringspot virus
Agroathelia rolfsii
Alternaria alternata
Alternaria arachidis
Asperisporium caricae
Babaco mosaic virus
Blumeria graminis

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: cariniana-estrellensis

scientific: Cariniana estrellensis

authorship: (Raddi) Kuntze

genus: Cariniana

epithet: estrellensis

Cariniana excelsa

authorship: Casar.

Cariniana excelsa var. puberula

authorship: Chodat & Hassl.

Couratari estrellensis

authorship: Raddi

Couratari glaziovii

authorship: Taub.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

region: Southern South America

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Cachimbeira Estopeiro

partners:
Ara macao
Sapajus cay
Sapajus libidinosus

authors: (Raddi) Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 3[3]: 89


slug: cariniana-legalis

scientific: Cariniana legalis

authorship: Kuntze

epithet: legalis

Couratari legalis

authorship: Mart.

codes: BZE BZL

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names: Caixão Congolo-de-porco

partners:
Sapajus libidinosus
Sapajus robustus

authors: Kuntze


slug: carissa-bispinosa

scientific: Carissa bispinosa

authorship: Desf.

genus: Carissa

epithet: bispinosa

family: Apocynaceae

published_in: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 502 (1954)

Arduina bispinosa

authorship: L.

Arduina erythrocarpa

authorship: Eckl.

Arduina megaphylla

authorship: Gand.

Carissa acuminata

authorship: (E.Mey.) A.DC.

Carissa arduina

authorship: Lam.

Carissa bispinosa subsp. zambesiensis

authorship: Kupicha

Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata

authorship: (E.Mey.) Codd

Carissa cordata

authorship: (Mill.) Fourc.

authorship: Dinter

Carissa dinteri

authorship: Markgr.

Carissa sessiliflora

authorship: Brongn. ex Pichon

Carissa sessiliflora var. meridionalis

authorship: Pichon

Jasminonerium acuminatum

authorship: (E.Mey.) Kuntze

Jasminonerium bispinosum

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

codes: BOT CPP SWZ OFS KEN NAT MLW MOZ NAM TVL TAN UGA ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

lifeform: scrambling shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2011 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Num-num
Forest Num-num

names: 刺李 双刺假虎刺

names: Bosnoem-noem Bosnoemnoem

names: mudyabveni murabamungu

names:
Thaba dilebanya
serokolo

names: murungulu mutogwe

names: beta-umtumzi isiBetha-nkunzi

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Acraea aganice aganice
Cassionympha cassius
Cynthia cardui
Dixeia charina charina
Gegenes niso niso
Mylothris agathina agathina
Papilio demodocus
unidentified

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Asarkina rostrata
Bombylella elegans

value: shrub


slug: carissa-carandas

scientific: Carissa carandas

epithet: carandas

preferred: karanda

Arduina carandas

authorship: (L.) Baill.

authorship: (L.) K.Schum.

Capparis carandas

authorship: (L.) Burm.f.

Jasminonerium salicinum

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

codes: BAN IND

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 151 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: karanda Bengal-currants

names: 刺黄果 瓜子金

names: amaixeira-de-porto-natal carandeira

names:
Karandang
karanda Wachsbaum

partners:
Altha lacteola
Antheraea paphia
Artaxa guttata
Axis axis
Biston suppressaria
Boselaphus tragocamelus
Catopsilia pomona
Darna nararia

value: nanophanerophyte

label: Growth form

value: Single Stem

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: Sep-Feb

authors: L.

published_in: Mant. Pl. 52

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carissa-haematocarpa

scientific: Carissa haematocarpa

authorship: (Eckl.) A.DC.

epithet: haematocarpa

Arduina haematocarpa

authorship: Eckl.

Jasminonerium ferox

authorship: Kuntze

Jasminonerium haematocarpum

authorship: (Eckl.) Kuntze

codes: CPP NAM

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1370 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Karoo Num-Num
Karoo Numnum

names: Karoo-noemnoem Noem-noembessie

names: isivusankunzi umthungulu

partners:
Belenois aurota
Dixeia charina charina
Leptomyrina lara

partners:
Dixeia charina charina
Nectarinia famosa famosa
Pseudanaphaeis gidica abyssinica
Belenois aurota
Leptomyrina lara

label: Woodiness

source: GIFT


slug: carissa-macrocarpa

scientific: Carissa macrocarpa

epithet: macrocarpa

preferred: amatungulu

Carissa praetermissa

authorship: Kupicha

Jasminonerium africanum

authorship: (A.DC.) Kuntze

codes: CPP ZAI KEN NAT MOZ TVL ZAM ZIM

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Zambia

code: ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
amatungulu
Amantungula Numnum

names:
Ciruelo de Natal
amatúngula

names: 大花假虎刺 大果假虎刺

names: كاريس كبير الثمار

names: ameixa-de-natal carissa

names:
Карисса крупноплодная
Карисса крупноцветковая

names: Natal-Pflaume Natalpflaume

names: Carisse à grands fruits, Prune du Natal, Prunier du Natal

names: קריסה גדולת פרי

names: Kapmaanluumu kapinluumikki

names: Grootnoemnoem Grootnoemnoembessie

names: amanthungula amathungula

partners:
'Hawqmoths'
Catopsilia florella
Cephonodes hylas
Colotis regina
Mylothris agathina agathina
Papilio demodocus
Papilio nireus lyaeus

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Dione vanillae
Hylephila phyleus

partners:
Oxyrhachis hunti
Acridotheres tristis
Cleora acaciaria
Digama aganais
Oxyrhachis delalandei
Oxyrhachis vetusta
Zerenopsis leopardina

label: Growth habit

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

value: Multiple Stem


slug: carissa-spinarum

scientific: Carissa spinarum

authorship: L.

epithet: spinarum

preferred: Egyptian carissa

source: usda

Antura edules

authorship: Forssk.

Arduina campenonii

authorship: Drake

Arduina edulis

authorship: Spreng.

Arduina inermis

authorship: (Vahl) K.Schum.

Arduina xylopicron

authorship: (Thouars) Baill.

Azima pubescens

authorship: Suess.

Carandas edulis

authorship: Hiern

Carissa axillaris

authorship: Roxb.

Carissa brownii var. angustifolia

authorship: Kempe

Carissa brownii var. ovata

authorship: (R.Br.) Maiden & Betche

Carissa campenonii

authorship: (Drake) Palacky

Carissa candolleana

authorship: Jaub. & Spach

Carissa carandas var. congesta

authorship: (Wight) Bedd.

Carissa carandas var. paucinervia

authorship: (A.DC.) Bedd.

Carissa cochinchinensis

authorship: Pierre ex Pit.

Carissa comorensis

authorship: (Pichon) Markgr.

Carissa congesta

authorship: Wight

Carissa coriacea

authorship: Wall.

authorship: Wall. ex G.Don

Carissa dalzellii

authorship: Bedd.

Carissa densiflora

authorship: Baker

Carissa densiflora var. microphylla

authorship: Danguy ex Lecomte

Carissa dulcis

authorship: Schumach. & Thonn.

Carissa edulis

authorship: Vahl

Carissa edulis f. pubescens

authorship: (A.DC.) Pichon

Carissa edulis subsp. madagascariensis

authorship: (Thouars) Pichon

Carissa edulis var. densiflora

authorship: (Baker) Pichon

Carissa edulis var. major

authorship: Stapf

Carissa edulis var. microphylla

authorship: (Danguy ex Lecomte) Pichon

Carissa edulis var. revoluta

authorship: (Scott-Elliot) Markgr.

Carissa gangetica

authorship: Stapf ex Gamble

Carissa hirsuta

authorship: Roth

Carissa lanceolata

authorship: Dalzell

Carissa laotica

authorship: Pit.

Carissa laotica var. ferruginea

authorship: Kerr

Carissa laxiflora

authorship: Benth.

Carissa madagascariensis

authorship: Thouars

Carissa mitis

authorship: Heynh. ex A.DC.

Carissa opaca

authorship: Stapf ex Haines

Carissa pilosa

authorship: Schinz

Carissa revoluta

authorship: Scott Elliot

Carissa spinarum

authorship: Lodd. ex A.DC.

Carissa stolonifera

authorship: (F.M.Bailey) Perrot & E.Vogt

Carissa suavissima

authorship: Bedd. ex Hook.f.

Carissa velutina

authorship: Domin

Carissa yunnanensis

authorship: Tsiang & P.T.Li

Jasminonerium densiflorum

authorship: (Baker) Kuntze

Jasminonerium dulce

authorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) Kuntze

Jasminonerium inerme

authorship: (Vahl) Kuntze

Jasminonerium laxiflorum

authorship: (Benth.) Kuntze

Jasminonerium madagascariense

authorship: (Thouars) Kuntze

Jasminonerium suavissimum

authorship: (Bedd. ex Hook.f.) Kuntze

codes: ALD ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CVI CPV CAF CHA COM CON ZAI DJI EGY ERI ETH GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN MDG MLW MLI MAU MOZ NAM NGA TVL ROD RWA REU SEN SEY SOC SOM SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM CHC OMA SAU YEM AND BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP NWG NCB PAK SRL THA VIE WHM NSW NTA QLD SOA WAU NWC

Aldabra

code: ALD

region: Western Indian Ocean

Angola

code: ANG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 629 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Bois amer, Bois de ronde, Bois de soude, Bois sandal

partners:
Apis
Bombus haemorrhoidalis
Hippotion boerhaviae
Macroglossum
Naphele didmya
Theretra oldenlandiae

partners:
Agathia lycaenaria
Acridotheres tristis
Anthoscopus caroli
Apalis rufogularis
Arizelocichla masukuensis
Atimastillas flavicollis
Axis axis
Baeopogon indicator

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: carissa-tetramera

scientific: Carissa tetramera

authorship: (Sacleux) Stapf

epithet: tetramera

Arduina tetramera

authorship: Sacleux

codes: SWZ KEN NAT MOZ TVL TAN ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 55 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sand Carissa
Sand Numnum

label: Life form

value: 3 m

authors: Stapf

published_in: Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1.1): 91

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: carlina-acanthifolia

scientific: Carlina acanthifolia

authorship: All.

genus: Carlina

epithet: acanthifolia

family: Asteraceae

Carlina acanthifolia subsp. baetica

authorship: Fern.Casas & Leal

Carlina acanthifolia var. argentea

authorship: Cariot & St.-Lag.

Carlina acanthifolia var. cynara

authorship: Pourr. ex DC.

Carlina baetica

authorship: (Fern.Casas & Leal) Fern.Casas

Carlina chardousse

authorship: Vill.

Carlina cynara

authorship: (DC.) Pourr. ex Duby

Carlina onopordifolia

authorship: Szafer & al.

Carlina utzka

authorship: Hacq.

Chromatolepis magna

authorship: Dulac

codes: ALB BUL FRA GRC ITA YUG POL ROM SPA UKR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Poland

code: POL

region: Middle Europe

Romania

code: ROM

Spain

code: SPA

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Колючник акантолистный

names:
Acanthusblättrige Eberwurz
Akanthusblättrige Eberwurz

names:
Cardabelle
Carline à feuilles d'acanthe

names: Дев’ятисил колючколистий

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea
Andrena pellucens
Andrena polita

partners:
Hesperia comma
Colias croceus
Satyrus briseis
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus sylvarum
Erebia aethiops
Hesperia comma
Hipparchia hermione

partners:
Calyciphora albodactylus
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aphis fabae
Cassida vibex
Chlorophanus viridis
Cnephasia stephensiana
Coleophora frischella
Coleophora paripennella

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

value: Aug-Sep


slug: carlina-acaulis

scientific: Carlina acaulis

authorship: L.

epithet: acaulis

Carlina acaulis subsp. aggregata

authorship: (Willd.) Hegi

Carlina acaulis subsp. simplex

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman

Carlina acaulis var. caulescens

authorship: (Lam.) Rchb.

Carlina acaulis var. eckartsbergensis

authorship: Ilse

Carlina aggregata

authorship: Willd.

Carlina aggregata f. nana

authorship: Degen

Carlina alpina

authorship: Jacq.

Carlina caulescens

authorship: Lam.

Carlina cirsioides

authorship: Klokov

Carlina decurrens

authorship: Vandas

Carlina elatior

authorship: Wallr.

Carlina grandiflora

authorship: Moench

Carlina officinalis

authorship: Bubani

Carlina simplex

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Carlina simplex var. polycephala

authorship: Schur

Carlina simplex var. ramosa

authorship: Formánek

Carlina subacaulis

authorship: DC.

Carlina subacaulis var. aggregata

authorship: (Willd.) DC.

Carlina subacaulis var. caulescens

authorship: (Lam.) DC.

Carlina subacaulis var. simplex

authorship: (Waldst. & Kit.) DC.

Chromatolepis acaulis

authorship: (L.) Dulac

codes: TCS ALB AUT BLR BUL CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA SWI UKR

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

Austria

code: AUT

Belarus

code: BLR

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
carline thistle
stemless carline thistle

names:
Große Eberwurz
Große Eberwurz, Silberdistel

names:
Carline blanche
Carline sans tige

names: Brokginst Häckkaragan

names:
Sød Astragel
Ærtebusk

names: Imeläkurjenherne Siperianhernepensas

names: Ertebusk Lakritsmelt

partners:
Lysandra coridon
Vanessa cardui
Apis mellifera
Argynnis paphia
Bombus humilis
Bombus mesomelas
Chrysotoxum festivum
Fabriciana niobe

partners:
Autographa gamma
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis
Bombus mesomelas
Bombus monticola
Bombus mucidus
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pascuorum maculatus

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Agonopterix nanatella
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos


slug: carlina-biebersteinii

scientific: Carlina biebersteinii

authorship: Bernh. ex Hornem.

epithet: biebersteinii

published_in: Hort. Bot. Hafn. Suppl. 94. 1819

name: Carlina biebersteinii subsp. brevibracteata

authorship: (Andrae) Meusel & Kästner

Carlina biebersteinii subsp. intermedia

authorship: (Schur) Meusel & Kästner

Carlina brevibracteata

authorship: (Andrae) Simonk.

Carlina fennica

authorship: (Meusel & Kästner) Tzvelev

Carlina longicaulis

authorship: Sommier & Levier

Carlina longifolia

authorship: Rchb.

Carlina longifolia var. brevibracteata

authorship: Andrae

Carlina longifolia var. pontica

authorship: Boiss.

Carlina nebrodensis

authorship: Koch ex Nyman

name: Carlina semiamplexicaulis var. longifolia

Carlina stricta

authorship: (Rouy) Fritsch

Carlina vulgaris subsp. longifolia

authorship: Nyman

Carlina vulgaris subsp. stricta

authorship: (Rouy) Domin

Carlina vulgaris var. leptophylla

authorship: Griess.

Carlina vulgaris var. longifolia

authorship: Korsh.

authorship: Grab.

Carlina vulgaris var. microcephala

authorship: Ledeb.

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KRA NCS TCS TVA TUR WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG RUN RUW POL ROM RUS SWE SWI TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Albania

code: ALB

Baltic States

code: BLT

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Карлина Биберштейна
Колючник Биберштейна

names:
Carline a longues feuilles
Carline de Bieberstein

names: Відкасник Біберштейна

partners:
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Aphis fabae
Calyciphora albodactylus
Cassida vibex
Chlorophanus viridis
Cnephasia stephensiana
Coleophora frischella
Coleophora paripennella


slug: carlina-corymbosa

scientific: Carlina corymbosa

authorship: L.

epithet: corymbosa

Carlina balearica

authorship: Sennen

Carlina elegans

authorship: Heldr. ex Halácsy

Carlina thracica

authorship: Velen.

codes: TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA YUG SAR TUE

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 840 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora fulvodimidiata
Aricia cramera
Ceratina chalcites
Coelioxys acanthura
Coelioxys afra
Coenonympha arcania

label: Visited by

partners:
Anthidium cingulatum
Megachile melanopyga
Rhynonirmus kingi

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

value: hemicryptophyte

value: perennial


slug: carlina-curetum

scientific: Carlina curetum

authorship: Heldr.

epithet: curetum

Carlina corymbosa subsp. curetum

authorship: (Heldr. ex Halácsy) Rech.f.

codes: EGY LBS PAL KRI

Egypt

code: EGY

region: Northern Africa

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 153 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Колючник критский

names: קיצנית כרתית

authors: Heldr.

published_in: Fl. Orient. 3: 449


slug: carlina-graeca-heldr-sart-ex-boiss

scientific: Carlina graeca

authorship: Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.

epithet: graeca

published_in: Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 449 1875

Carlina rothii

authorship: Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 264 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Колючник греческий

names: Ελληνική Καρλίνα

partners:
Amegilla albigena
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Ceratina bispinosa
Colpa quinquecincta
Halictus resurgens
Megachile albisecta

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: carlina-graeca-heldr-sartori-ex-boiss

published_in: Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 449. 1875 [Sep-Oct 1875]

Carlina actinobola

authorship: (Halácsy) Heldr.

Carlina corymbosa subsp. rothii

authorship: (Boiss.) Arcang.

Carlina corymbosa var. graeca

authorship: (Heldr. & Sart.) Boiss.

authorship: (Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.) Halácsy

names: Колючник греческий

names: Ελληνική Καρλίνα

authors: Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.


slug: carlina-hispanica

scientific: Carlina hispanica

authorship: Lam.

epithet: hispanica

Carlina corymbosa subsp. globosa

authorship: Arcang.

Carlina corymbosa subsp. hispanica

authorship: (Lam.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Carlina corymbosa subsp. major

authorship: (Lange) J.López & Devesa

Carlina corymbosa var. lobeliana

authorship: (Tausch) Meusel & Kästner

Carlina corymbosa var. major

authorship: Lange

Carlina globosa

authorship: Huter

Carlina involucrata subsp. corymbosa

authorship: Quézel & Santa

Carlina lobeliana

authorship: Tausch

codes: ALG MOR TUN FRA ITA POR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Portugal

code: POR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1613 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Колючник испанский

names:
/
Carline d'Espagne

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Ameles spallanzania
Anthaxia millefolii
Anthidium florentinum
Anthidium manicatum
Anthophora fulvodimidiata
Apis mellifera
Bombus pascuorum

partners:
Amegilla garrula
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Anthophora fulvodimidiata
Bombus terrestris
Bombus terrestris africanus
Carcharodus alceae
Carpocoris mediterraneus
Colotis evagore

partners:
Aricia cramera
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Neottiglossa bifida
Pyronia cecilia

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 1(2): 624


slug: carlina-involucrata

scientific: Carlina involucrata

authorship: Poir.

epithet: involucrata

published_in: Voy. Barbarie ii. 234. (1789)

Carlina corymbosa subsp. involucrata

authorship: (Poir.) Holmboe

Carlina corymbosa var. involucrata

authorship: (Poir.) Boiss.

codes: ALG MOR TUN SIC

authors: Poir.

published_in: Voy. Barbarie ii. 234

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carlina-lanata-l

scientific: Carlina lanata

authorship: L.

epithet: lanata

Carlina lanata var. pola

authorship: (Hacq.) Fiori & Bég.

Carlina lanata var. proilfera

authorship: DC.

Carlina pola

authorship: Hacq.

Chromatolepis lanata

authorship: Dulac

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI IRQ LBS PAL TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG SAR SIC SPA TUE

Libya

code: LBY

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iraq

code: IRQ

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Bruchidius lividimanus
Dasytes nigroaeneus
Oxythyrea funesta
Polistes
Polyommatus celina
Pseudapis bispinosa


slug: carlina-lanata-pall-ex-dc

authorship: Pall. ex DC.

authors: Pall. ex DC.


slug: carlina-macrophylla

scientific: Carlina macrophylla

epithet: macrophylla

Acarna macrophylla

authorship: Willd.

Atractylis macrophylla

authorship: Desf.

Atractylis macrophylla var. incana

authorship: Maire

Chamaeleon caulescens

authorship: Cass.

Chamaeleon macrophyllus

authorship: (Desf.) Sch.Bip.

authorship: (Desf.) D.P.Petit

codes: ALG MOR

authors: DC.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carlina-racemosa

scientific: Carlina racemosa

epithet: racemosa

Carlina reboudiana

authorship: Pomel

codes: ALG MOR TUN PAL POR SAR SPA

Palestine

code: PAL

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 499 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual


slug: carlina-salicifolia

scientific: Carlina salicifolia

authorship: (L.f.) Cav.

epithet: salicifolia

Carlina falcata

authorship: Svent.

Carlina salicifolia var. inermis

authorship: Lowe

Carlina salicifolia var. lancerottensis

authorship: (G.Kunkel) Meusel & A.Kástner

Carlowizia salicifolia

authorship: Moench

Carthamus integrifolius

authorship: hort. ex Webb & Berthel.

codes: CNY MDR

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1026 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names:
alazor canario
Cabezote

partners:
Amegilla quadrifasciata
Amegilla canifrons
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris lusitanicus
Cyclyrius webbianus
Damora pandora
Geron hesperidum
Vanessa cardui

partners:
Metzneria aestivella dichroa
Rhynonirmus kingi

label: Height

value: 2 m

label: Flower colour

value: yellow

value: Apr-Aug

authors: (L.f.) Cav.

published_in: Anales Ci. Nat. 4: 81


slug: carlina-tragacanthifolia

scientific: Carlina tragacanthifolia

authorship: Klatt

epithet: tragacanthifolia

published_in: Leopoldina xx. (1884) 94.

Atractylis conformis

authorship: Barbey

Carlina conformis

authorship: (Barbey & Major) P.H.Davis

codes: EAI TUR GRC KRI

Greece

code: GRC

Kriti

code: KRI

authors: Klatt

published_in: Leopoldina 20: 94


slug: carlina-vulgaris-schur

scientific: Carlina vulgaris

authorship: Schur

epithet: vulgaris

preferred: carline thistle

Carlina acanthophylla

authorship: Hausskn.

Carlina corymbosa var. gracilis

authorship: Formánek

Carlina vulgaris subsp. acanthophylla

authorship: (Hausskn.) Meusel & Kästner

Carlina vulgaris var. humilis

authorship: Rouy

Carlina vulgaris var. macrocephala

authorship: Velen.

Carlina vulgaris var. rigida

authorship: (Forman) Vandas

Carlina vulgaris var. spinosa

authorship: (Velen.) Bornm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1976 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Колючник обыкновенный

names:
Gemeine Eberwurz
Gemeine Golddistel

names:
Carline commune
Carline commune, Chardon doré

names: Відкасник звичайний

names: Stjärntistel spåtistel

names: småstjernetistel stjernetistel

names: bergtistel evertistel

partners:
Bombus
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus pascuorum
Halictus scabiosae
Aglais urticae
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Lysandra coridon
Polyommatus icarus
Aglais urticae
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pratorum
Gonepteryx rhamni

partners:
Carpocoris purpureipennis
Erebia aethiops
Lysandra coridon
Lysandra hispana
Oecanthus pellucens
Polyommatus icarus
Bombus lucorum
Bombus soroeensis

partners:
Acanthiophilus helianthi
Calyciphora albodactylus
Hephathus nanus
Larinus planus
Acanthis flammea
Agapanthia villosoviridescens
Agonopterix arenella
Agonopterix nanatella

partners:
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Puccinia calcitrapae

value: biennial

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CAVU3


slug: carlina-vulgaris-l

authorship: L.

source: wikidata

Carlina caulescens

authorship: Gilib.

Carlina corymbosa

authorship: Scop. ex Steud.

Carlina flavispina

authorship: Simonk.

Carlina longifolia

authorship: Viv.

Carlina orophila

authorship: Lamotte

name: Carlina semiamplexicaulis var. angustifolia

name: Carlina semiamplexicaulis var. ramosissima

name: Carlina semiamplexicaulis var. semiamplexicaulis

Carlina subfusca

authorship: Nyman

Carlina sylvestris

authorship: Bubani

Carlina taurica

authorship: Klokov

Carlina tristis

authorship: Salisb.

Chromatolepis vulgaris

authorship: Dulac

codes: IRN NCS TCS TKM TUR ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL CZE DEN FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET NOR POL ROM SPA SWE SWI UKR

Iran

code: IRN

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: Колючник обыкновенный

names: Відкасник звичайний


slug: carlina-xeranthemoides

scientific: Carlina xeranthemoides

epithet: xeranthemoides

Carduus fruticosus

authorship: Poir.

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 161 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

value: Jul-Sep

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 349

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carlowrightia-arizonica

scientific: Carlowrightia arizonica

genus: Carlowrightia

epithet: arizonica

family: Acanthaceae

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  13: 364 (1878)

preferred: Arizona wrightwort

Carlowrightia californica

authorship: Brandegee

Carlowrightia costaricana

authorship: Leonard

Carlowrightia glabrata

authorship: Fernald

Justicia alba

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

codes: ARI CAL MXC MXE MXN MXT MXS TEX COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1011 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Arizona wrightwort
Arizona carlowrightia

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: subshrub


slug: carlowrightia-hapalocarpa

scientific: Carlowrightia hapalocarpa

authorship: B.L.Rob. & Greenm.

epithet: hapalocarpa

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  29: 390 (1894)

codes: MXG MXE

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

lifeform: subshrub

authors: B.L.Rob. & Greenm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 390

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carlowrightia-linearifolia

scientific: Carlowrightia linearifolia

authorship: (Torr.) A.Gray

epithet: linearifolia

preferred: heath wrightwort

Schaueria linearifolia

authorship: Torr.

codes: ARI MXE MXN NWM TEX

New Mexico

code: NWM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xiii. (1878) 364

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carlowrightia-neesiana

scientific: Carlowrightia neesiana

authorship: (Schauer) T.F.Daniel

epithet: neesiana

Cardiacanthus neesianus

authorship: Schauer

Jacobinia neesiana

authorship: Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (S.Schauer) T.F.Daniel

published_in: Brittonia 40: 252

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: carlowrightia-parviflora

scientific: Carlowrightia parviflora

authorship: (Buckley) Wassh.

epithet: parviflora

preferred: smallflower wrightwort

Dianthera parviflora

authorship: (Buckley) A.Gray

Drejera parviflora

authorship: Buckley

Ecbolium parviflorum

authorship: (Buckley) Kuntze

Justicia parviflora

authorship: (Buckley) Lindau

codes: MXE MXS TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
smallflower wrightwort
Small-flower Wrightwort

authors: (Buckley) Wassh.

published_in: Phytologia 12(no. 7): 427

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: carlowrightia-texana

scientific: Carlowrightia texana

authorship: Henrickson & T.F.Daniel

epithet: texana

preferred: Texas wrightwort

codes: MXE MXN NWM TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 104 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Henrickson & T.F.Daniel

published_in: Madroño 26: 27 (-28), figs

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: carlowrightia-torreyana

scientific: Carlowrightia torreyana

authorship: Wassh.

epithet: torreyana

preferred: Torrey's wrightwort

Croftia parvifolia

authorship: (Torr.) Small

Ecbolium parvifolium

authorship: (Torr.) Kuntze

codes: MXE MXN TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Wassh.


slug: carlquistia-muirii

scientific: Carlquistia muirii

authorship: (A.Gray) B.G.Baldwin

genus: Carlquistia

epithet: muirii

preferred: Muir's raillardiopsis

Raillardiopsis muirii

authorship: Rydb.

names:
Muir's raillardiopsis
Muir's Tarplant

authors: (A.Gray) B.G.Baldwin


slug: carludovica-drudei

scientific: Carludovica drudei

authorship: Mast.

genus: Carludovica

epithet: drudei

family: Cyclanthaceae

Carludovica speciosa

authorship: Linden

Carludovica tabascana

authorship: Matuda

codes: MXG MXT MXS CLM COS ECU GUA PAN VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

authors: Mast.

published_in: Gard. Chron. n.s., 8: 714


slug: carludovica-palmata

scientific: Carludovica palmata

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: palmata

published_in: Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. : 291 (1798)

preferred: Panama Hat Plant

english:
Panama Hat Plant
Panama hat plant

Carludovica gigantea

authorship: Kuntze

Carludovica humilis

authorship: (Wawra & Bermann) Kuntze

Carludovica incisa var. wendlandii

authorship: Wawra & Bermann

Carludovica jamaicensis

authorship: Lodd. ex Fawcett & Harris

Ludovia palmata

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Salmia jamaicensis

authorship: Steud.

Salmia palmata

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

codes: MXG MXT BLZ BOL BZN CLM COS ECU ELS GUA HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 699 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Panama hat plant
Panama hat palm

names:
paja toquilla
Bombonaje

names: 巴拿馬草 巴拿马草

partners:
Alouatta palliata
Aotus zonalis
Ateles geoffroyi
Carollia castanea
Carollia perspicillata
Cebus imitator
Micronycteris hirsuta
Mycronycteris hirsuta

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carmichaelia-appressa

scientific: Carmichaelia appressa

genus: Carmichaelia

epithet: appressa

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 263 (1945)

New Zealand South

code: NZS

region: New Zealand

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand lxxv. 263 (1945)

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carmichaelia-arborea

scientific: Carmichaelia arborea

authorship: (G.Forst.) Druce

epithet: arborea

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 612 (1917)

Achyronia arborea

authorship: (G.Forst.) Spreng.

Carmichaelia australis var. grandiflora

authorship: Benth.

Carmichaelia grandiflora

authorship: (Benth.) Hook.f.

Carmichaelia grandiflora var. alba

authorship: Kirk

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 150 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
South Island Broom
Swamp Broom

value: tree

value: phanerophyte

value: 5 m

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

authors: Druce

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4(Suppl. 2): 612


slug: carmichaelia-australis

scientific: Carmichaelia australis

epithet: australis

Carmichaelia australis var. egmontiana

authorship: Cockayne & Allan

name: Carmichaelia australis var. strictissima

Carmichaelia corymbosa

authorship: Colenso

Carmichaelia cunninghamii

authorship: Raoul

Carmichaelia egmontiana

authorship: (Cockayne & Allan) G.Simpson

name: Carmichaelia flagelliformis var. acuminata

authorship: (Kirk) Cheeseman

name: Carmichaelia flagelliformis var. corymbosa

authorship: (Colenso) Kirk

name: Carmichaelia flagelliformis var. flagelliformis

name: Carmichaelia flagelliformis var. hookeri

Carmichaelia muelleriana

authorship: Regel

Carmichaelia paludosa

authorship: Cockayne

Carmichaelia stricta

authorship: Lehm.

Genista compressa

authorship: Sol. ex A.Cunn.

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand North

code: NZN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1403 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Broom
New Zealand common broom

names: Maukoro Mākaka

partners:
Lycaena 'canterbury common copper'
Oxysarcodexia varia

label: Eaten by

partners:
Aceria carmichaeliae
Lagomorpha
Liriomyza clianthi
Orthenches chlorocoma
Samana falcatella
Zizina oxleyi


slug: carmichaelia-compacta

scientific: Carmichaelia compacta

authorship: Petrie

epithet: compacta

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 272 (1885)

Huttonella compacta

authorship: (Petrie) Kirk

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Petrie

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. xvii. (1885) 272

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carmichaelia-corrugata

scientific: Carmichaelia corrugata

epithet: corrugata

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 15: 320 (1883)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Colenso

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. xv. (1883) 320

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carmichaelia-crassicaulis

scientific: Carmichaelia crassicaulis

epithet: crassicaulis

Corallospartium crassicaule

authorship: (Hook.f.) Armstr.

name: Corallospartium crassicaule var. crassicaule

name: Corallospartium crassicaule var. racemosum

Corallospartium racemosum

authorship: (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 126 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 48

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: carmichaelia-curta

scientific: Carmichaelia curta

epithet: curta

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 25: 271 (1892 publ. 1893)

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. xxv. 1892 (1893) 271


slug: carmichaelia-glabrescens

scientific: Carmichaelia glabrescens

authorship: (Petrie) Heenan

epithet: glabrescens

published_in: New Zealand J. Bot. 36: 56 (1998)

names:
Pink Broom
Pink Tree Broom

authors: (Petrie) Heenan


slug: carmichaelia-hollowayi

scientific: Carmichaelia hollowayi

epithet: hollowayi

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 277 (1945)

preferred: Holloway's broom

names:
Holloway's broom
Whaupaku

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand lxxv. 277 (1945)


slug: carmichaelia-kirkii

scientific: Carmichaelia kirkii

epithet: kirkii

Carmichaelia gracilis

authorship: Armstr.

lifeform: scrambling shrub

published_in: Hooker's Icon. Pl. 14: t. 1332


slug: carmichaelia-monroi

scientific: Carmichaelia monroi

epithet: monroi

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 245 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 49


slug: carmichaelia-nana

scientific: Carmichaelia nana

authorship: (Benth.) Colenso ex Hook.f.

epithet: nana

Carmichaelia australis var. nana

authorship: Benth.

Carmichaelia enysii

authorship: Kirk

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 101 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Colenso ex Hook.f.


slug: carmichaelia-odorata

scientific: Carmichaelia odorata

authorship: Colenso ex Hook.f.

epithet: odorata

Carmichaelia divaricata

authorship: (Kirk) Cockayne

name: Carmichaelia grandiflora var. divaricata

Carmichaelia odorata var. pilosa

authorship: (Colenso ex Benth.) Kirk

Carmichaelia pilosa

authorship: Colenso ex Benth.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Leafy broom
Scented Broom

partners: Hoplocneme Leioproctus

label: Photosynthetic pathway

published_in: Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.). 1: 50


slug: carmichaelia-petriei

scientific: Carmichaelia petriei

epithet: petriei

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 29: 506 (1896 publ. 1897)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 588 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Aceria carmichaeliae
Ovis aries

authors: Kirk

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. xxix. 506


slug: carmichaelia-stevensonii

scientific: Carmichaelia stevensonii

authorship: (Cheeseman) Heenan

epithet: stevensonii

Chordospartium stevensonii

authorship: Cheeseman

names:
Cord Broom
Weeping Broom

authors: (Cheeseman) Heenan

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: carmichaelia-uniflora

scientific: Carmichaelia uniflora

epithet: uniflora

Carmichaelia suteri

authorship: Colenso

Carmichaelia uniflora

authorship: Buchanan

Carmichaelia uniflora var. suteri

authorship: (Colenso) G.Simpson

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Gard. Chron. n.s., 21: 512


slug: carmichaelia-vexillata

scientific: Carmichaelia vexillata

authorship: Heenan

epithet: vexillata

published_in: New Zealand J. Bot. 33: 471 (1995)

authors: Heenan

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: carmichaelia-williamsii

scientific: Carmichaelia williamsii

epithet: williamsii

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 12: 394 (1879 publ. 1880)

names:
Giant flowered broom
Giant-flowered Broom

published_in: Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. xii. (1880) 394

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.