slug: smallanthus-sonchifolius

scientific: Smallanthus sonchifolius

authorship: (Poepp.) H.Rob.

epithet: sonchifolius

preferred: Yacón

Helianthus esculentus

authorship: Warsz. ex Otto & Dietr.

Polymnia edulis

authorship: Wedd.

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

names: Ajipa Aricoma

names: 菊薯 雪莲果

names: batata-yacon yacon

partners:
Yacon necrotic mottle virus
Yacon virus A

authors: (Poepp.) H.Rob.


slug: smallanthus-uvedalia

scientific: Smallanthus uvedalia

authorship: (L.) Mack.

genus: Smallanthus

epithet: uvedalia

family: Asteraceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

preferred: bear's foot

source: inat

Osteospermum uvedalia

authorship: L.

Polymniastrum uvedalia

authorship: (L.) Small

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MRY MXE MXN MXS MIC MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1948 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Abundance
Agapostemon virescens
Augochlora pura
Bombus impatiens
Ceratina calcarata

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Agapostemon virescens
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Bombus pensylvanicus
Ceratina calcarata
Chlosyne nycteis
Dione vanillae

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Apis mellifera
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Calcomyza smallanthi
Charidotella sexpunctata
Copestylum vesicularium

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: smelophyllum-capense

scientific: Smelophyllum capense

authorship: Radlk.

genus: Smelophyllum

epithet: capense

family: Sapindaceae

published_in: Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 331 (1878)

Sapindus capensis

authorship: Sond.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: tree

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 67 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Buig-my-nie buig-my-nie-hout

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Height

category: Size

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

license: CC BY 4.0

authors: Radlk.

published_in: Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München viii. (1878) 331

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

field: care

field: toxicity

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

field: phenology

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0


slug: smelowskia-americana

scientific: Smelowskia americana

authorship: Rydb.

genus: Smelowskia

epithet: americana

family: Brassicaceae

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 239 (1902)

Hutchinsia calycina var. americana

authorship: Regel & Herder

Smelowskia calycina var. americana

authorship: (Regel & Herder) W.H.Drury & Rollins

codes: ABT BRC COL IDA MNT NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: perennial

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 743 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
American false candytuft
American smelowskia

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

value: herb

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: non-woody

authors: Rydb.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 239


slug: smelowskia-borealis

scientific: Smelowskia borealis

authorship: (Greene) W.H.Drury & Rollins

epithet: borealis

preferred: false candytuft

source: wikidata

Acroschizocarpus kolianus

authorship: Gombocz

Christolea borealis

authorship: (Greene) Jafiri

Ermania borealis

authorship: (Greene) Hultén

Melanidion boreale

authorship: Greene

Smelowskia borealis var. jordalii

authorship: W.H.Drury & Rollins

Smelowskia borealis var. koliana

authorship: (Gombocz) W.H.Drury & Rollins

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
false candytuft
northern smelowskia

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: (Greene) W.H.Drury & Rollins

published_in: Rhodora 54: 111

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smelowskia-ovalis

scientific: Smelowskia ovalis

epithet: ovalis

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5: 624 (1895)

preferred: alpine false candytuft

Smelowskia ovalis var. congesta

authorship: Rollins

Smelowskia ovalis var. ovalis

authorship: M.E. Jones

codes: BRC CAL ORE WAS

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
alpine false candytuft
alpine smelowskia

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 5: 624

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smelowskia-porsildii

scientific: Smelowskia porsildii

authorship: (W.H.Drury & Rollins) Jurtzev

epithet: porsildii

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 309. 1970

Hutchinsia calycina var. integrifolia

authorship: Seem.

Smelowskia calycina subsp. integrifolia

authorship: (Seem.) Hultén

Smelowskia calycina var. integrifolia

authorship: (Seem.) Rollins

Smelowskia jurtzevii

authorship: Velichkin

names:
Jurtzev's smelowskia
Porsild's false candytuft

names: Смеловския Порсильда

authors: (W.H.Drury & Rollins) Jurtzev

published_in: Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 309

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smicrostigma-viride

scientific: Smicrostigma viride

authorship: (Haw.) N.E.Br.

genus: Smicrostigma

epithet: viride

family: Aizoaceae

Erepsia viridis

authorship: (Haw.) L.Bolus

Mesembryanthemum subaduncum

authorship: Haw.

Ruschia integra

authorship: (L.Bolus) Schwantes

Ruschia viridis

authorship: (Haw.) G.D.Rowley

lifeform: succulent subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 87: 72

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-anceps

scientific: Smilax anceps

authorship: Willd.

genus: Smilax

epithet: anceps

family: Smilacaceae

Smilax anceps var. boutonii

authorship: Baker

Smilax cynodon

authorship: Cordem.

Smilax goudotiana

authorship: DC.

Smilax herbacea

authorship: Thunb.

Smilax kraussiana

authorship: Meisn.

Smilax morsaniana

authorship: Kunth

Smilax mossambicensis

authorship: Garcke

Smilax semiamplexicaulis

authorship: Bojer

Smilax telfaireana

authorship: Wall. ex A.DC.

authorship: Wall.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ANG BEN BKN BUR CMN CPP CAF CHA COM CON ZAI EQG SWZ ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN NAT LBR MDG MLW MLI MAU MOZ NGA TVL RWA REU SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Comoros

code: COM

region: Western Indian Ocean

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Equatorial Guinea

code: EQG

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Liberia

code: LBR

Madagascar

code: MDG

Malawi

code: MLW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1201 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Croc de chien, Esquine, Liane croc de chien, Liane panier, Squine

partners:
Apis mellifera
Brachymyrmex
Chrysomya megacephala
Nacoleia
Paragus borbonicus

partners:
Tarundia cinctipennis
Broadleysaurus major
Bycanistes brevis
Cercopithecus mitis
Civettictis civetta
Colius striatus
Colobus angolensis
Cricetomys gambianus

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-arisanensis

scientific: Smilax arisanensis

authorship: Hayata

epithet: arisanensis

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo  30(1): 356 (1911)

codes: CHC CHS TAI ASS EHM VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

lifeform: climber

names: 尖叶菝葜 粉菝葜

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo xxx. Art. 1, 356 (1911)


slug: smilax-aspera

scientific: Smilax aspera

authorship: L.

epithet: aspera

preferred: catbrier

english:
catbrier
common smilax
greenbrier
prickly-ivy
rough bindweed

Smilax aspera f. balearica

authorship: (Willk. ex A.DC.) Knoche

Smilax aspera f. intermedia

authorship: Knoche

Smilax aspera f. punctata

authorship: (Kolb) Rehder

Smilax aspera subsp. balearica

authorship: (Willk.) Romo

authorship: (Willk. ex A.DC.) K.Richt.

authorship: (Willk. ex A.DC.) Romo

Smilax aspera subsp. mauritanica

authorship: (Poir.) Arcang.

Smilax aspera subsp. nigra

authorship: (Willd.) Nyman

Smilax aspera var. altissima

authorship: Moris & De Not.

Smilax aspera var. balearica

authorship: Willk. ex A.DC.

Smilax aspera var. maculata

authorship: (Roxb. ex D.Don) A.DC.

Smilax aspera var. mauritanica

authorship: (Poir.) Gren. & Godr.

authorship: (Poir.) Gren.

Smilax aspera var. nigra

authorship: (Willd.) A.DC.

Smilax aspera var. picta

authorship: Willk.

Smilax aspera var. punctata

authorship: Kolb

Smilax balearica

authorship: (Willk. ex A.DC.) Burnat & Barbey

Smilax brevipes

authorship: Jord.

Smilax capitata

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

Smilax catalonica

authorship: Poir.

Smilax excelsa

authorship: Duhamel

Smilax goetzeana

authorship: Engl.

Smilax longipes

authorship: Gand.

Smilax maculata

authorship: Roxb. ex D.Don

authorship: Roxb.

Smilax mauritanica

authorship: Desf.

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

name: Smilax mauritanica subsp. vespertilionis

authorship: (Boiss.) K.Richt.

Smilax mauritanica var. vespertilionis

authorship: Boiss.

Smilax nilagirensis

authorship: Steud. ex A.DC.

Smilax pendulina

authorship: Lowe

Smilax rettiana

authorship: Willis ex Livera

Smilax rigida

authorship: Banks & Sol.

Smilax sagittata

authorship: Desv.

Smilax variabilis

authorship: Pers.

codes: ALG AZO CNY ZAI ERI ETH KEN LBY MDR MOR TAN TUN UGA ZAM CHC CYP EAI IRN LBS PAL CHT TUR ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP PAK SRL WHM ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tanzania

code: TAN

Tunisia

code: TUN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Сассапариль шероховатый
Смилакс средиземноморский

names: קיסוסית קוצנית

names: Ακρέβατος Αρκουδόβατος

partners:
Cerceris arenaria
Chrysotoxum intermedium
Colletes
Episyrphus aurcollis
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Lasioglossum littorale
Lasioglossum prasinum

partners:
Helicoverpa armigera
Cerceris arenaria
Chrysotoxum intermedium
Colletes
Diptera
Episyrphus balteatus
Eupeodes corollae
Lasioglossum littorale

partners:
Erithacus rubecula
Ficedula hypoleuca
Sylvia atricapilla
Sylvia borin
Sylvia hortensis
Sylvia melanocephala
Turdus merula

partners:
Erithacus rubecula
Sylvia atricapilla
Acrolepia vesperella
Capreolus capreolus italicus
Curruca cantillans
Cyanistes caeruleus
Cyanopica cooki
Ditula angustiorana


slug: smilax-auriculata

scientific: Smilax auriculata

authorship: Walter

epithet: auriculata

preferred: earleaf greenbrier

Smilax beyrichii

authorship: Kunth

Smilax lata

authorship: Small

Smilax ovata

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA BAH TCI

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Bahamas

code: BAH

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Caribbean

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

lifeform: bulbous geophyte or helophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1933 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
earleaf greenbrier
wild bamboo

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Augochlora pura
Megachile mendica
Megachile xylocopoides
Xylocopa micans
Apis mellifera
Coelioxys dolichos
Xylocopa virginica krombeini

partners:
Bombycilla cedrorum
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus guttatus
Catharus minimus
Catharus ustulatus
Colaptes auratus
Corvus ossifragus
Didelphis virginiana

value: vine

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

label: Life form

value: geophyte

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 245


slug: smilax-australis

scientific: Smilax australis

epithet: australis

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 293 (1810)

Smilax spinescens

authorship: Miq.

codes: NSW NFK NTA QLD VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Norfolk Is.

code: NFK

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1981 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Austral Sarsaparilla
Barbed-wire Vine

names: Сассапариль южный

partners:
Aspidiotus nerii
Crematogaster fusca
Ensiferothrips secundus
Hypochrysops ignita
Hypochrysops miskini
Hypolycaena phorbas
Oecophylla smaragdina
Pseudodipsas cephenes

value: liana

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: berry

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: A.Cunn. ex A.DC.

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 1: 215


slug: smilax-biltmoreana

scientific: Smilax biltmoreana

authorship: (Small) J.B.Norton ex Pennell

epithet: biltmoreana

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  43: 413 (1916)

preferred: Biltmore's carrionflower

Smilax ecirrhata var. biltmoreana

authorship: (Small) H.E.Ahles

codes: ALA FLA GEO KTY NCA SCA VRG

Kentucky

code: KTY

Virginia

code: VRG

lifeform: climbing perennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: hemicryptophyte

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 413

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-bona-nox

scientific: Smilax bona-nox

authorship: L.

epithet: bona-nox

preferred: saw greenbrier

english:
saw greenbrier
kidneyleaf greenbrier

Smilax alpini

authorship: Willd.

Smilax bermudensis

authorship: Duhamel

Smilax bona-nox subsp. pandurata

authorship: (Pursh) A.DC.

Smilax bona-nox var. exauriculata

authorship: Fernald

Smilax bona-nox var. hederifolia

authorship: (A.DC.) Fernald

Smilax bona-nox var. horrida

authorship: (Poir.) A.DC.

Smilax bona-nox var. littoralis

authorship: Coker

authorship: Coker ex Sorrie

Smilax bona-nox var. senticosa

authorship: (Kunth) A.DC.

Smilax cantab

authorship: Lynch

Smilax hederifolia

authorship: Beyr. ex Kunth

Smilax horrida

authorship: Poir.

Smilax lomoplis

authorship: Raf.

Smilax medica

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Smilax pandurata

authorship: Pursh

Smilax platycentron

authorship: Schltdl.

Smilax pseudosarsa

authorship: Vis.

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MRY MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS MSI MSO NCA OHI OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG BER

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Missouri

code: MSO

partners:
Hentzia palmarum
Hypercompe scribonia
Pseudomyrmex gracilis

partners:
Sialia sialis
Turdus migratorius
Bassariscus astutus
Bombycilla cedrorum
Cardinalis cardinalis
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus guttatus
Catharus minimus

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: smilax-bracteata

scientific: Smilax bracteata

epithet: bracteata

Smilax blancoi

authorship: Kunth

Smilax bonii

authorship: Gagnep.

Smilax divaricata

authorship: Blanco

Smilax trukensis

authorship: Hosok.

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS TAI CBD LAO MLY MYA PHI THA VIE CRL

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Cambodia

code: CBD

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 808 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 圆锥菝葜 假菝葜

published_in: Reliq. Haenk. i. 131

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-californica

scientific: Smilax californica

authorship: (A.DC.) A.Gray

epithet: californica

published_in: Bot. California  2: 186 (1880)

preferred: California greenbrier

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

lifeform: tuberous hydrogeophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 274 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] ii. 186

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-campestris

scientific: Smilax campestris

authorship: Griseb.

epithet: campestris

Smilax campestris var. marginulata

authorship: (Mart. ex Griseb.) A.DC.

Smilax campestris var. rubiginosa

authorship: (Griseb.) A.DC.

Smilax marginulata

authorship: Mart. ex Griseb.

codes: AGE AGW BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 438 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Salsa-parrilha japecanguinha

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

authors: Griseb.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-canariensis

scientific: Smilax canariensis

authorship: Willd.

epithet: canariensis

Smilax latifolia

authorship: Sol. ex Lowe

Smilax rubra

authorship: Link

codes: AZO CNY MDR

Azores

code: AZO

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

lifeform: liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

label: Flower colour

value: green

label: Flowering months

value: Oct-Dec

published_in: in Godman, Azor. 227, partim

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: smilax-china

scientific: Smilax china

authorship: L.

epithet: china

preferred: China root

Smilax boninensis

authorship: Nakai ex Tuyama

authorship: Nakai

Smilax china f. gigantifolia

authorship: (Sasam.) T.Koyama

Smilax china f. igaensis

authorship: (Masam. & Kurok.) T.Koyama

Smilax china f. pruniformis

authorship: (Honda) Sugim.

Smilax china f. xanthocarpa

authorship: Sugim.

Smilax china f. yanagitae

authorship: (Honda) T.Koyama

Smilax china var. gigantifolia

authorship: Sasam.

Smilax china var. igaensis

authorship: Masam. & Kurok.

Smilax china var. macrocarpa

authorship: Honda

Smilax china var. taiheiensis

authorship: (Hayata) T.Koyama

Smilax china var. yakushimensis

authorship: Masam.

Smilax japonica

authorship: (Kunth) A.Gray

Smilax pteropus

authorship: Miq.

Smilax taiheiensis

authorship: Hayata

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS OGA TAI ASS MYA PHI THA VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1291 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Diosgenin

activities: Antifatigue Antiinflammatory Antistress Estrogenic Hepatoprotective Hypocholesterolemic Mastogenic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
China root
Chinaroot

names: 菝葜 金刚藤

partners:
Homonopsis illotana
Kaniska canace
Lepus sinensis
Muntiacus reevesi
Vanessa cardui

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Asaphes suspensus
Encarsia ancistrocera
Encarsia bothrocera

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: smilax-corbularia

scientific: Smilax corbularia

authorship: Kunth

epithet: corbularia

Smilax amaurophlebia

authorship: Merr.

Smilax balansana

authorship: Baill. ex Gagnep.

codes: CHC CHS CHH BOR CBD LAO MLY MYA THA VIE

Hainan

code: CHH

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

climate: wet tropical

names: 光叶菝葜 筐条菝葜

names: ข้าวเย็นเหนือ

authors: Kunth

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-coriacea

scientific: Smilax coriacea

authorship: Spreng.

epithet: coriacea

preferred: Everglades greenbrier

Smilax coriacea

authorship: Bello

codes: LEE PUE

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Everglades greenbrier
White Withe

authors: Spreng.

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 103


slug: smilax-domingensis

scientific: Smilax domingensis

authorship: Willd.

epithet: domingensis

preferred: lanceleaf greenbrier

Smilax caudata

authorship: Lundell

Smilax domingensis

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Smilax jauaensis

authorship: Steyerm. & Maguire

Smilax kunthii

authorship: Killip & C.V.Morton

Smilax lasseriana

authorship: Steyerm.

Smilax microscola

authorship: (B.L.Rob.) Killip & C.V.Morton

Smilax multiflora

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Smilax parvifolia

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Smilax reticulata

authorship: Desv.

Smilax robusta

authorship: Griseb.

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PER PUE SUR VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andigena hypoglauca
Anisognathus igniventris
Anisognathus somptuosus
Aulacorhynchus derbianus
Buthraupis montana
Cacicus chrysonotus
Chiroxiphia boliviana
Chlorochrysa calliparaea


slug: smilax-ecirrhata

scientific: Smilax ecirrhata

authorship: (Engelm. ex Kunth) S.Watson

epithet: ecirrhata

preferred: upright carrionflower

Coprosmanthus ecirratus

authorship: (Engelm. ex Kunth) Chapm.

Coprosmanthus herbaceus var. ecirratus

authorship: Engelm. ex Kunth

Nemexia ecirrhata

authorship: (Engelm. ex Kunth) Small

Smilax herbacea var. ecirrata

authorship: (Engelm. ex Kunth) A.Gray ex A.DC.

codes: ARK ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MRY MIC MIN MSO NEB OHI OKL ONT SDA TEN WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 646 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
upright carrionflower
greenbriar

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-elongatoumbellata

scientific: Smilax elongatoumbellata

authorship: Hayata

epithet: elongatoumbellata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo  30(1): 358 (1911)

name: Smilax elongatoumbellata f. elongatoreticulata

authorship: (Hayata) T.Koyama

codes: NNS TAI

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: scrambling shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾菝葜 和社菝葜

value: nanophanerophyte

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-excelsa

scientific: Smilax excelsa

authorship: L.

epithet: excelsa

Smilax laevis

authorship: Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.

Smilax panduriformis

authorship: Aliev

codes: IRN LBS NCS TCS TUR BUL GRC TUE

Iran

code: IRN

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 829 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: May

authors: L.


slug: smilax-glabra

scientific: Smilax glabra

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: glabra

Smilax hookeri

authorship: Kunth

Smilax trigona

authorship: Warb.

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH TAI CHT ASS BAN CBD LAO MYA THA VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: climbing tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 158 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Chinese smilax
Glabrous Greenbrier

names: 土茯苓 光叶菝葜

names: Смилакс голый

partners:
Elephas maximus
Marmara smilacisella

authors: Roxb.

published_in: Hort. Bengal. 72; Fl. Ind. iii. 792


slug: smilax-glauca

scientific: Smilax glauca

authorship: Walter

epithet: glauca

preferred: cat greenbrier

Smilax discolor

authorship: Schltdl.

Smilax glauca var. discolor

authorship: (Schltdl.) C.V.Morton

Smilax spinulosa

authorship: Sm.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MRY MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2034 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: smilax-glyciphylla

scientific: Smilax glyciphylla

epithet: glyciphylla

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1559 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: J. Voy. N.S.W. App. 230


slug: smilax-guianensis

scientific: Smilax guianensis

authorship: Vitman

epithet: guianensis

Smilax macrophylla

authorship: Willd.

Smilax megalophylla

authorship: Duhamel

Smilax subarmata

authorship: (O.E.Schulz) O.E.Schulz

codes: GUY LEE PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Guyana

code: GUY

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

region: Caribbean

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

names:
Basket Hoop
Whist, Basket vine

authors: Vitman

published_in: Summ. Veg. v. 422

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: smilax-havanensis

scientific: Smilax havanensis

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: havanensis

Smilax dentata

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

Smilax havanensis

authorship: Griseb.

Smilax havanensis subvar. dentata

authorship: (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) A.DC.

Smilax havanensis subvar. ovata

authorship: (Duhamel) A.DC.

authorship: (Poir.) A.DC.

Smilax havanensis subvar. poiretii

authorship: (Kunth) A.DC.

Smilax havanensis var. dentata

authorship: (Willd.) O.E.Schulz

Smilax havanensis var. ovata

authorship: (Duhamel) O.E.Schulz

Smilax spinosa

authorship: Poir.

Smilax spinosa var. ovata

authorship: (Duhamel) Poir.

codes: FLA BAH CAY CUB TCI

Florida

code: FLA

Bahamas

code: BAH

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Cuba

code: CUB

Turks-Caicos Is.

code: TCI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 368 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Aprostocetus smilax
Seirarctia echo

authors: Jacq.

published_in: Enum. Syst. Pl. 33

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-herbacea

scientific: Smilax herbacea

authorship: L.

epithet: herbacea

preferred: smooth carrionflower

source: inat

Coprosmanthus consanguineus

authorship: Kunth

Coprosmanthus herbaceus

authorship: (L.) Kunth

Coprosmanthus peduncularis

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Kunth

Nemexia cerulea

authorship: Raf.

Nemexia herbacea

authorship: (L.) Small

Smilax herbacea subsp. crispifolia

authorship: Pennell

Smilax herbacea var. humilis

authorship: Farw.

Smilax herbacea var. latifolia

authorship: House

Smilax herbacea var. peduncularis

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) A.DC.

Smilax peduncularis

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

Smilax watsonii

authorship: Sweet

codes: ALA GEO KTY MAI MRY MAS NBR NWH NWY NCA OHI ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

South Carolina

code: SCA

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1940 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Dioscorea villosa

slug: dioscorea-villosa

names:
smooth carrionflower
Carrion-flower

names:
raisin de couleuvre
smilace herbacée

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena salictaria
Apallates coxendix
Arge humeralis
Bibio pallipes
Centrinites strigicollis
Ceratoma caminea
Colletes nudus
Didea fasciata

partners:
Augochlorella aurata
Augochlorella persimilis
Apis mellifera
Boettcheria cimbicis
Euderces picipes
Euphoria fulgida
Lasioglossum versatum
Lucilia caesar

partners:
Acrolepiopsis incertella
Turdus migratorius


slug: smilax-hugeri

scientific: Smilax hugeri

authorship: (Small) J.B.Norton ex Pennell

epithet: hugeri

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  43: 420 (1916)

preferred: Huger's carrionflower

Nemexia hugeri

authorship: Small

Smilax ecirrata var. hugeri

authorship: (Small) H.E.Ahles

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ALA FLA GEO KTY NCA SCA TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 155 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 420

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-illinoensis

scientific: Smilax illinoensis

authorship: Mangaly

epithet: illinoensis

preferred: Illinois greenbrier

codes: ILL INI IOW MIC MIN MSO OHI ONT WIS

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Wisconsin

code: WIS

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 180 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Illinois greenbrier
Illinois carrionflower

authors: Mangaly

published_in: Rhodora 70: 263

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-jamesii

scientific: Smilax jamesii

epithet: jamesii

preferred: English Peak greenbrier

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-lanceifolia

scientific: Smilax lanceifolia

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: lanceifolia

Smilax austrosinensis

authorship: F.T.Wang & Tang

Smilax microphylla subsp. elongata

authorship: (Warb.) T.Koyama

Smilax microphylla var. elongata

authorship: Warb.

Smilax tortopetiolata

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND LAO MLY MYA NEP NCB THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 306 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 折枝菝葜 暗色菝葜

names: Сассапариль ланцетолистный

partners:
Aemona amathusia
Kaniska canace

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-laurifolia

scientific: Smilax laurifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: laurifolia

preferred: laurel greenbrier

Parillax laurifolia

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Smilax alba

authorship: Pursh

Smilax hastata var. lanceolata

authorship: (L.) Pursh

Smilax virginiana

authorship: Mill.

codes: ALA ARK DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NCA OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG BAH CUB

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

Bahamas

code: BAH

Cuba

code: CUB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2020 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
laurel greenbrier
bamboovine

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names


slug: smilax-maritima

scientific: Smilax maritima

authorship: Feay ex Alph.Wood

epithet: maritima

source: usda

Smilax smallii

authorship: Morong

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NCA OKL SCA TEX

District of Columbia

code: WDC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2067 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth form

value: Thicket Forming

label: Growth rate

value: rapid

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides


slug: smilax-melastomifolia

scientific: Smilax melastomifolia

authorship: Sm.

epithet: melastomifolia

preferred: Hawai'i greenbrier

Pleiosmilax menziesii

authorship: Seem.

Pleiosmilax sandwicensis

authorship: (Kunth) Seem.

Smilax sandwicensis

authorship: Kunth

Hawaii

code: HAW

region: North-Central Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 442 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Hawai'i greenbrier
Hawaii Greenbrier

partners: Apoidea Diptera Lepidoptera

partners:
Hyposmochoma caecinervis
Hyposmochoma insinuatrix

label: Growth habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-menispermoidea

scientific: Smilax menispermoidea

epithet: menispermoidea

Smilax rubriflora

authorship: Rehder

codes: CHN CHC CHT EHM LAO MYA NEP VIE WHM

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

names: 巒大菝葜 红萆薢

label: Woodiness

value: woody

value: 3 m

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 1: 108

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: smilax-moranensis

scientific: Smilax moranensis

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

epithet: moranensis

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles  9(2): 389 (1842)

Smilax acutifolia

authorship: Schltdl.

Smilax cordifolia var. schiedeana

authorship: (Kunth) A.DC.

Smilax jalapensis var. botterii

authorship: (A.DC.) Killip & C.V.Morton

Smilax moranensis var. mexiae

authorship: Killip & C.V.Morton

Smilax schaffneriana

authorship: (A.DC.) F.W.Apt

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

El Salvador

code: ELS

region: Central America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Itamo real
zarzaparrilla

authors: M.Martens & Galeotti

published_in: Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles ix. II. (1842) 389


slug: smilax-ocreata

scientific: Smilax ocreata

epithet: ocreata

Smilax perulata

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

codes: CHC CHS CHH ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

names: 马尾伸筋 抱茎菝葜

value: perennial

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 1: 191


slug: smilax-ovalifolia

scientific: Smilax ovalifolia

authorship: Roxb. ex D.Don

epithet: ovalifolia

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 49 (1825)

Smilax columnifera

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

Smilax grandifolia

authorship: Voigt

Smilax grandis

authorship: Wall. ex Voigt

Smilax macrophylla

authorship: Roxb.

names: Сассапариль овальнолистный

names: เถาวัลย์ยั้ง

partners:
Erebus
Erebus crepuscularis
Homo sapiens
Pangrapta pictipennis

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: herb

value: non-woody

value: phanerophyte

authors: Roxb. ex D.Don

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 49

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-pulverulenta

scientific: Smilax pulverulenta

authorship: Michx.

epithet: pulverulenta

preferred: downy carrionflower

Nemexia pulverulenta

authorship: (Michx.) Small

Smilax herbacea var. pulverulenta

authorship: (Michx.) A.Gray

codes: ARK DEL WDC ILL INI KTY MRY MIN MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA PEN TEN VRG WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 223 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
downy carrionflower
Downy carrion-flower

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

value: vine

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-pumila

scientific: Smilax pumila

authorship: Walter

epithet: pumila

preferred: sarsparilla vine

source: wikidata

Parillax pumila

authorship: (Walter) Raf.

Smilax humilis

authorship: Mill.

Smilax puberula

authorship: Kunth

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MSI SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2023 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sarsparilla vine
sarsaparilla vine

partners:
Bombycilla cedrorum
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus guttatus
Catharus minimus
Catharus ustulatus
Colaptes auratus
Dryocopus pileatus
Dumetella carolinensis

value: subshrub

value: geophyte

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: smilax-purhampuy

scientific: Smilax purhampuy

authorship: Ruiz

epithet: purhampuy

published_in: Mem. Raiz Purhampuy : 65 (1821)

Smilax grandifolia

authorship: Poepp. ex A.DC.

Smilax panamensis

authorship: Morong

codes: BOL BZN CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

partners:
Chrysonotomyia laeviscuta
Tropicharis cecivora

value: liana

authors: Ruiz

published_in: Mem. Raiz de Purhampuy (1821) 65

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: smilax-riparia

scientific: Smilax riparia

epithet: riparia

Coprosmanthus oldhamii var. daibuensis

authorship: (Hayata) Masam.

name: Coprosmanthus pseudochina var. daibuensis

Coprosmanthus pseudochinus

authorship: Masam.

Smilax excelsa f. ussuriensis

authorship: Regel

Smilax herbacea var. daibuensis

authorship: Hayata

Smilax herbacea var. flaccida

authorship: (C.H.Wright) Norton ex L.H.Bailey

Smilax herbacea var. lancilimba

authorship: Merr.

Smilax higoensis var. maximowiczii

authorship: (Koidz.) Kitag.

Smilax higoensis var. ussuriensis

authorship: (Regel) Kitag.

Smilax maximowiczii

authorship: Koidz.

Smilax oldhamii var. daibuensis

authorship: (Hayata) T.Koyama

Smilax oldhamii var. sadoensis

authorship: (Honda) Satomi

Smilax oldhamii var. ussuriensis

authorship: (Regel) A.DC.

Smilax ovatorotunda f. maximowiczii

authorship: (Koidz.) H.Hara

Smilax ovatorotunda f. sadoensis

authorship: (Honda) H.Hara

Smilax ovatorotunda var. ussuriensis

authorship: (Regel) H.Hara

Smilax riparia f. sadoensis

authorship: (Honda) T.Koyama

Smilax riparia f. stenophylla

authorship: (H.Hara) T.Koyama

Smilax riparia var. ussuriensis

authorship: (Regel) H.Hara & T.Koyama

Smilax sadoensis

authorship: Honda

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH CHI JAP KOR CHM PRM TAI PHI VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

Taiwan

code: TAI

Philippines

code: PHI

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 246 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 牛尾菜 大武牛尾菜

names: Сассапариль прибрежный


slug: smilax-rotundifolia

scientific: Smilax rotundifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: rotundifolia

preferred: roundleaf greenbrier

english:
roundleaf greenbrier
common greenbrier

Smilax ciliata

authorship: Steud. ex A.DC.

Smilax deltifolia

authorship: Raf.

Smilax engelmanniana

authorship: Kunth

Smilax quadrangularis

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

Smilax rotundifolia var. caduca

authorship: (L.) Prov.

Smilax rotundifolia var. crenulata

authorship: Small & A.Heller

Smilax rotundifolia var. engelmanniana

authorship: (Kunth) A.DC.

Smilax rotundifolia var. quadrangularis

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Alph.Wood

Smilax tetragona

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

region: Eastern Canada

Ohio

code: OHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1878 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Salsepareille à feuilles rondes
smilax à feuilles rondes

partners:
Erythroneura integra
Hymetta anthisma
Orgyia definita
Stictocephala brevitylus
Valenzuela flavidus

partners:
Cardinalis cardinalis
Mimus polyglottos
Zonotrichia albicollis

partners:
Baeolophus bicolor
Bombycilla cedrorum
Cardinalis cardinalis
Catharus guttatus
Colaptes auratus
Dryobates pubescens
Ephestiodes infimella
Euphagus carolinus


slug: smilax-setosa

scientific: Smilax setosa

authorship: Miq.

epithet: setosa

published_in: Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 610 (1861)

Smilax barbata

authorship: Wall. ex A.DC.

codes: BOR MLY SUM

Borneo

code: BOR

Malaya

code: MLY

Sumatera

code: SUM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Bearded Smilax
Sarsaparilla Vine

names:
Akar Banar
Akar Keranting Jantan

authors: Miq.

published_in: Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 610

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-sieboldii

scientific: Smilax sieboldii

epithet: sieboldii

published_in: Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., ser. 2, 2: 87 (1868)

Coprosmanthus oldhamii

authorship: (Miq.) Masam.

Smilax formosana

authorship: (Hayata) Hayata

Smilax herbacea var. oldhamii

authorship: (Miq.) Maxim.

Smilax nebelii

authorship: Gilg

Smilax sieboldii f. inermis

authorship: (Nakai) H.Hara

Smilax sieboldii var. formosana

authorship: Hayata

Smilax sieboldii var. inermis

authorship: Nakai

codes: CHN CHS JAP KOR CHM TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 77 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 华东菝葜 山何首烏

names:
Сассапариль Зибольда
Смилакс Зибольда

label: Height

value: 0 m

value: May-Jun

published_in: Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. ser. 2, 2: 87


slug: smilax-spinosa

scientific: Smilax spinosa

authorship: Mill.

epithet: spinosa

Smilax costaricae

authorship: Vatke

Smilax cumanensis

authorship: Schltdl. & Cham.

Smilax gaumeri

authorship: Millsp.

Smilax luculenta

authorship: Killip & C.V.Morton

Smilax mazatlanensis

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Smilax mexicana

authorship: Griseb. ex Kunth

Smilax mexicana var. costaricae

authorship: (Vatke) A.DC.

Smilax obtusa

authorship: Benth.

Smilax scabriuscula

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ BOL BZE CLM COS ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PAN PER SWC SUR TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

region: Caribbean

Suriname

code: SUR

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: climbing shrub

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: smilax-subpubescens

scientific: Smilax subpubescens

epithet: subpubescens

Smilax calocardia

authorship: Standl.

Smilax purpusii

authorship: Brandegee

Smilax rufa

authorship: Lundell

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 1: 69


slug: smilax-tamnoides

scientific: Smilax tamnoides

authorship: L.

epithet: tamnoides

preferred: bristly greenbrier

Dilax muricata

authorship: Raf.

Smilax grandifolia

authorship: Buckley

Smilax hispida

authorship: Muhl. ex Torr.

Smilax hispida var. australis

authorship: Small

Smilax hispida var. montana

authorship: Coker

Smilax medica

authorship: Petz.

Smilax tamnoides var. hispida

authorship: Fernald

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MXE MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Смилакс тамусовидный

partners:
Alydus pilosulus
Andrena helianthi
Anoplius illinoensis
Apallates coxendix
Brachypalpus oarus
Ceria abbreviata
Cordilura munda
Epalpus signiferus

partners:
Andrena cressonii
Agapostemon sericeus
Allograpta obliqua
Apis mellifera
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus impatiens
Ceratina dupla
Conops brachyrrhynchus

partners:
Acrolepiopsis incertella
Bombycilla cedrorum
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus guttatus
Catharus minimus
Catharus ustulatus
Colaptes auratus
Dryocopus pileatus


slug: smilax-tomentosa

scientific: Smilax tomentosa

authorship: Kunth

epithet: tomentosa

codes: MXG MXE MXT MXS BOL CLM ECU PER VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Bolivia

code: BOL

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Zarzaparrilla
bejuco espuelón

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] i. 272

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smilax-vaginata

scientific: Smilax vaginata

authorship: Decne.

epithet: vaginata

codes: AFG ASS IND MYA PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Assam

code: ASS

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 玉山菝葜 薄葉菝葜

value: chamaephyte

label: Life cycle

authors: Decne.

published_in: Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 169, t. 169


slug: smilax-walteri

scientific: Smilax walteri

authorship: Pursh

epithet: walteri

preferred: coral greenbrier

Smilax china

authorship: Walter

Smilax walteri f. pallida

authorship: Hollick

codes: ALA ARK DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NCA SCA TEN TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 786 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
coral greenbrier
red-bead greenbrier

label: Eaten by

partners:
Callosciurus erythraeus
Catharus guttatus
Kaniska canace

source: USDA PLANTS


slug: smithia-bigemina

scientific: Smithia bigemina

authorship: Dalzell

genus: Smithia

epithet: bigemina

family: Fabaceae

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 208 (1851)

Damapana bigemina

authorship: (Dalzell) Kuntze

Smithia agharkarii

authorship: Hemadri

codes: IND PAK

India

code: IND

lifeform: annual

authors: Dalzell

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 208

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smithia-blanda

scientific: Smithia blanda

authorship: Wall. ex Wight & Arn.

epithet: blanda

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 221 (1834)

Damapana blanda

authorship: (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Kuntze

Smithia blanda var. paniculata

authorship: (Arn.) Baker

Smithia blanda var. racemosa

authorship: (B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.) Baker

Smithia paniculata

authorship: Arn.

Smithia racemosa

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.

Smithia yunnanensis

authorship: Franch.

codes: CHC ASS BAN EHM IND LAO MYA SRL THA

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

lifeform: annual, perennial or subshrub

authors: Wall.

published_in: Numer. List n. 5669


slug: smithia-conferta

scientific: Smithia conferta

authorship: Sm.

epithet: conferta

Damapana conferta

authorship: (Sm.) Kuntze

Sesbania geminiflora

authorship: Schrad. ex Steud.

Smithia capitata

authorship: Desv.

Smithia geminiflora

authorship: Roth

Smithia geminiflora var. coferta

authorship: Baker

Smithia geminiflora var. conferta

authorship: (Sm.) Baker

Smithia hispidissima

authorship: Zoll. & Moritzi

codes: CHS ASS BOR EHM IND JAW LSI MYA NEP PHI SRL SUL VIE WHM NTA QLD

China Southeast

code: CHS

Assam

region: Indian Subcontinent

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Nepal

code: NEP

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Northern Territory

code: NTA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

names: 铁丝灵仙 密节坡油甘

value: annual

authors: Sm.

published_in: Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) xxxiii. n. 2


slug: smithia-purpurea

scientific: Smithia purpurea

authorship: Hook.

epithet: purpurea

Damapana purpurea

authorship: (Hook.) Kuntze

India

code: IND

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis cerana
Apis dorsata
Apis florea
Lipotriches fervida
Maynenomia lonavlaensis

authors: Hook.


slug: smithia-salsuginea

scientific: Smithia salsuginea

authorship: Hance

epithet: salsuginea

Damapana dichotoma

authorship: (Dalzell ex Baker) Kuntze

Damapana salsuginea

authorship: (Hance) Kuntze

Smithia dichotoma

authorship: Dalzell ex Baker

codes: CHS IND MYA

Myanmar

region: Indo-China

lifeform: annual or subshrub

names: 盐碱土坡油甘 盐碱土施氏豆

authors: Hance

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smithia-sensitiva

scientific: Smithia sensitiva

authorship: Aiton

epithet: sensitiva

Aeschynomene tribuloides

authorship: Baill.

Coronilla surattensis

authorship: D.García ex DC.

Damapana manneli

authorship: Raf.

Damapana sensitiva

authorship: (Aiton) Kuntze

Hedysarum ciliatum

authorship: Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.

Petagnana sensitiva

authorship: (Aiton) J.F.Gmel.

Smithia flava

authorship: Prain

Smithia javanica

authorship: Benth.

Smithia sensitiva f. javanica

authorship: (Benth.) Hochr.

Smithia sensitiva var. flava

authorship: (Prain) T.Cooke

codes: MDG CHC CHS CHH TAI AND ASS BAN EHM IND LAO LSI MYA NEP NCB PAK SRL THA VIE WHM QLD

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

China South-Central

code: CHC

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Pakistan

code: PAK

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: 坡油甘 田唇乌蝇翼

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smithia-setulosa

scientific: Smithia setulosa

authorship: Dalzell

epithet: setulosa

Damapana setulosa

authorship: (Dalzell) Kuntze


slug: smithiantha-multiflora

scientific: Smithiantha multiflora

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Fritsch

genus: Smithiantha

epithet: multiflora

family: Gesneriaceae

Achimenes amabilis

authorship: Decne.

Gesneria amabilis

authorship: Hort. ex L.H.Bailey

Gloxinia multiflora

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

Naegelia amabilis

authorship: (Decne.) Hort. ex Hook.

authorship: (Decne.) Van Houtte

Naegelia multiflora

authorship: (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hook.

Naegelia secunda

authorship: Oerst. ex Hanst.

Smithiantha amabilis

authorship: (Decne.) Kuntze

Smithiantha secunda

authorship: (Oerst. ex Hanst.) Kuntze

codes: MXC MXG MXS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

authors: Fritsch

published_in: Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4, Abt. 3b: 176


slug: smithsonia-maculata

scientific: Smithsonia maculata

authorship: (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha

genus: Smithsonia

epithet: maculata

family: Orchidaceae

published_in: J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 71: 74 (1974)

Loxoma maculatum

authorship: (Dalzell) Garay

Loxomorchis maculata

authorship: (Dalzell) Rauschert

Saccolabium maculatum

authorship: (Dalzell) Hook.f.

Sarcochilus maculatus

authorship: (Dalzell) Pfitzer

lifeform: epiphyte

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha

published_in: J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 71(1): 74


slug: smithsonia-viridiflora

scientific: Smithsonia viridiflora

epithet: viridiflora

published_in: J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 71: 75 (1974)

Aerides dalzelliana

authorship: (Santapau) Garay

Gastrochilus dalzellianus

authorship: (Santapau) Santapau & Kapadia

Micropera viridiflora

authorship: Dalzell

Saccolabium viridiflorum

authorship: (Dalzell) Lindl.

Sarcochilus dalzellianus

authorship: Santapau

Sarcochilus viridiflorus

authorship: (Dalzell) T.Cooke

published_in: J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 71(1): 75

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: smyrnium-cordifolium

scientific: Smyrnium cordifolium

authorship: Boiss.

genus: Smyrnium

epithet: cordifolium

family: Apiaceae

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 64 (1846)

Smyrnium androsovii

authorship: Korovin

Smyrnium galaticum

authorship: Czeczott

codes: AFG IRN IRQ LBS TKM TUR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

region: Central Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

names: Смирния сердцелистная

names: بەنی قەلەندۆر

value: biennial

value: Jul

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 6: 64


slug: smyrnium-creticum

scientific: Smyrnium creticum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: creticum

Anosmia idaea

authorship: Bernh.

Smyrnium apiifolium

authorship: Willd.

Smyrnium idaeum

authorship: (Bernh.) M.Hiroe

codes: EAI LBS TUR GRC KRI TUE

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Kriti

code: KRI

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: biennial

names: Смирния критская

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 4


slug: smyrnium-olusatrum

scientific: Smyrnium olusatrum

authorship: L.

epithet: olusatrum

preferred: Alexanders

english: Alexanders alexanders

Smyrnium maritimum

authorship: Salisb.

Smyrnium vulgare

authorship: Gray

codes: ALG AZO CNY CHA LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

Palestine

code: PAL

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: biennial or perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2007 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
alexanders
Alexanders [Smyrnium olusatrum]

names: Смирния европейская

names:
Maceron cultivé
Maceron cultivé, Maceron, Gros persil

names:
Αγριοσέλινο
Σμύρνιο το Μελανοσέλινο

partners:
Andrena semilaevis
Anthomyia pluvialis
Anthomyiidae
Attalus lusitanicus
Calliphora vicina
Cataglyphis ruber
Delia platura
Epistrophe eligans

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Andrena nitida
Apis mellifera
Delia
Formica fusca
Melanostoma scalare
Agrypnus murinus
Andrena nigroaenea

partners:
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis pertinax
Andrena nigroaenea
Apis mellifera
Coccinella septempunctata
Epistrophe eligans
Eristalis arbustorum
Eristalis intricaria

partners:
Didymella exigua
Diplodia henriquesii
Ectophasia leucoptera
Euleia heraclei
Ibidoecus longiclypeatus
Liophloeus tessulatus
Melanostoma scalare
Phaedon tumidulus

partners:
Puccinia smyrnii
Cirrospilus diallus
Copidosoma ratzeburgi
Halticoptera smaragdina
Orobanche pubescens
Plasmopara crustosa


slug: smyrnium-perfoliatum

scientific: Smyrnium perfoliatum

epithet: perfoliatum

Selinum dioscoridis

authorship: (Spreng.) E.H.L.Krause

Smyrnium dimartinoi

authorship: Raimondo, Mazzola & Spadaro

Smyrnium dioscoridis

authorship: Spreng.

Smyrnium matthioli

authorship: Presl

Smyrnium ramosum

authorship: d'Urv.

Smyrnium rotundifolium var. ovatifolium

authorship: Halácsy

codes: ALG MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB BUL COR CZE FRA GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

region: Middle Europe

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

Romania

code: ROM

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2039 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Смирния пронзеннолистная
Смирния пронзённолистная

names: Смирній пронизанолистий

names: Пронизанолистен трибел

partners:
Andrena alutacea
Andrena ampla
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena pallitarsis
Andrena proxima
Andrena rosae
Halictus subauratus
Hylaeus alpinus

partners:
Alosterna tabacicolor
Andrena alutacea
Andrena ampla
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena pallitarsis
Andrena proxima
Andrena rosae
Anthrenus verbasci

partners:
Euleia heraclei
Anuraphis subterranea
Aphis fabae
Cavariella aegopodii
Dysaphis lauberti


slug: smythea-bombaiensis

scientific: Smythea bombaiensis

authorship: (Dalzell) Banerjee & P.K.Mukh.

genus: Smythea

epithet: bombaiensis

family: Rhamnaceae

published_in: Indian Forester 96: 214 (1970)

Ventilago bombaiensis

authorship: Dalzell

India

code: IND

value: woody

authors: (Dalzell) Banerjee & P.K.Mukh.

published_in: Indian Forester 96: 214


slug: sobennikoffia-humbertiana

scientific: Sobennikoffia humbertiana

genus: Sobennikoffia

epithet: humbertiana

Madagascar

code: MDG

lifeform: lithophytic subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 134


slug: sobennikoffia-poissoniana

scientific: Sobennikoffia poissoniana

epithet: poissoniana

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

published_in: Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 164


slug: sobralia-amabilis

scientific: Sobralia amabilis

authorship: (Rchb.f.) L.O.Williams

genus: Sobralia

epithet: amabilis

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 33: 30 (1946)

Fregea wercklei

authorship: Schltr.

Sobralia wercklei

authorship: (Schltr.) L.O.Williams

codes: COS ELS GUA HON PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

lifeform: perennial or epiphyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Rchb.f.) L.O.Williams

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 33: 30

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sobralia-atropubescens

scientific: Sobralia atropubescens

authorship: Ames & C.Schweinf.

epithet: atropubescens

published_in: Schedul. Orchid. 10: 2 (1930)

Sobralia aerata

authorship: (C.K.Allen & L.O.Williams) Garay

Sobralia atropubescens f. aurea

authorship: Christenson

Sobralia decora var. aerata

authorship: C.K.Allen & L.O.Williams

Sobralia melanothrix

authorship: Løjtnant

codes: CLM COS ECU PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Ecuador

code: ECU

authors: Ames & C.Schweinf.

published_in: Schedul. Orchid. no. 10: 2


slug: sobralia-bimaculata

scientific: Sobralia bimaculata

authorship: Garay

epithet: bimaculata

published_in: Orquideologia 10: 101 (1975)

codes: CLM ECU

lifeform: perennial or lithophyte

label: Flower-visited by

authors: Garay

published_in: Orquideologia 10(2): 101


slug: sobralia-chrysostoma

scientific: Sobralia chrysostoma

authorship: Dressler

epithet: chrysostoma

published_in: Orchids (West Palm Beach) 70: 750 (2001)

codes: COS PAN

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 195 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Dressler

published_in: Orchids (West Palm Beach) 70(8): 750 (2001)


slug: sobralia-decora

scientific: Sobralia decora

authorship: Bateman

epithet: decora

published_in: Orchid. Mexico Guatemala : t. 26 (1841)

Cattleya decora

authorship: (Bateman) Beer

codes: MXG MXT MXS BLZ CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

region: Mexico

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: epiphyte

value: lithophyte

authors: Bateman

published_in: Orchid. Mexico Guatemala t. 26

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sobralia-dichotoma

scientific: Sobralia dichotoma

authorship: Ruiz & Pav.

epithet: dichotoma

published_in: Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. : 232 (1798)

Brasolia dichotoma

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Baranow, Dudek & Szlach.

Cattleya dichotoma

authorship: (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer

Cattleya tichotoma

authorship: Beer

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 201 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Собралия вильчатая

value: herb

authors: Ruiz & Pav.

published_in: Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 232

reason: Only 26 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sobralia-gloriosa

scientific: Sobralia gloriosa

epithet: gloriosa

value: non-woody

published_in: Xenia Orchid. ii. 178

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sobralia-granitica

scientific: Sobralia granitica

authorship: G.A.Romero & Carnevali

epithet: granitica

published_in: Harvard Pap. Bot. 5: 184 (2000)

codes: BZN CLM VEN

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

authors: G.A.Romero & Carnevali

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: sobralia-macdougallii

scientific: Sobralia macdougallii

authorship: Soto Arenas, Pérez-García & Salazar

epithet: macdougallii

published_in: Icon. Orchid. 5-6: t. 668

codes: MXT MXS GUA

authors: Soto Arenas, Pérez-García & Salazar

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: sobralia-macrantha

scientific: Sobralia macrantha

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: macrantha

Cattleya macrantha

authorship: (Lindl.) Beer

Sobralia macrantha f. alba

authorship: (Lindl.) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

codes: MXC MXG MXT MXS BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Central

code: MXC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 210 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Sert. Orchid. sub t. 29

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sobralia-macrophylla

scientific: Sobralia macrophylla

epithet: macrophylla

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 713 (1852)

Cattleya chlorantha

authorship: (Hook.) Beer

Cyathoglottis macrantha

authorship: Lem.

Sobralia aurantiaca

authorship: Linden & Rchb.f.

Sobralia chlorantha

authorship: Hook.

Sobralia rolfeana

authorship: Schltr.

codes: BOL BZN BZE CLM COS ECU FRG GUY NIC PAN PER SUR VEN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Costa Rica

code: COS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Suriname

code: SUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 大叶折叶兰 大叶箬叶兰

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 713

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: sobralia-powellii

scientific: Sobralia powellii

epithet: powellii

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 11 (1922)

codes: CLM COS ECU HON NIC PAN

Colombia

code: CLM

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

authors: Schltr.


slug: sobralia-pulcherrima

scientific: Sobralia pulcherrima

authorship: Garay

epithet: pulcherrima

Ecuador

code: ECU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 99 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Ecuador 9: 128, fig


slug: sobralia-roezlii

scientific: Sobralia roezlii

epithet: roezlii

Brasolia roezlii

authorship: (Rchb.f.) Baranow, Dudek & Szlach.


slug: sobralia-rosea

scientific: Sobralia rosea

authorship: Poepp. & Endl.

epithet: rosea

Sobralia lindenii

authorship: Grignan

Sobralia ruckeri

authorship: Linden ex Lindl.

codes: BOL CLM ECU PER VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 245 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
rose-colored sobralia
rosy sobralia

authors: Poepp. & Endl.

published_in: Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. i. 54. t. 93

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sobralia-virginalis

scientific: Sobralia virginalis

authorship: Peeters & Cogn.

epithet: virginalis

published_in: Dict. Icon. Orchid., Sobralia: t. 3 (1899)

Sobralia virginalis var. lilacina

authorship: Cogn.

codes: CLM PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Peeters & Cogn. in Cogn. & Gooss.

published_in: Dict. Icon. Orchid. tab. 3

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: sobralia-xantholeuca

scientific: Sobralia xantholeuca

epithet: xantholeuca

codes: MXT MXS ELS GUA HON

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 33 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 黄花折叶兰 黄花竹叶兰

published_in: Orch.-Grow. Man., ed. 6. 576


slug: socratea-exorrhiza

scientific: Socratea exorrhiza

authorship: (Mart.) H.Wendl.

genus: Socratea

epithet: exorrhiza

family: Arecaceae

published_in: Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 103 (1860)

preferred: Cashapona

english:
Cashapona
Walking Palm

Iriartea durissima

authorship: Oerst.

Iriartea exorrhiza

authorship: Mart.

Iriartea exorrhiza var. elegans

authorship: (H.Karst.) Drude

Iriartea exorrhiza var. orbignyana

authorship: (Blume ex Mart.) Drude

Iriartea orbignyana

authorship: Blume ex Mart.

Socratea albolineata

authorship: Steyerm.

Socratea durissima

authorship: (Oerst.) H.Wendl.

Socratea gracilis

authorship: Burret

Socratea orbignyana

authorship: (Blume ex Mart.) H.Karst.

Socratea philonotia

authorship: (Barb.Rodr.) Benth. & Hook.f.

Bolivia

code: BOL

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1352 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cashapona
Walking Palm

names:
Anacco
Anacco tssatssa’vo

names: Paxiubinha castiçal

names:
palmier à échasses
Palmier marcheur

partners:
Ateles belzebuth
Pecari tajacu
Alouatta palliata
Alouatta seniculus
Ateles chamek
Dasyprocta fuliginosa
Dasyprocta punctata
Lagothrix lagothricha

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0


slug: socratea-hecatonandra

scientific: Socratea hecatonandra

authorship: (Dugand) R.Bernal

epithet: hecatonandra

Metasocratea hecatonandra

authorship: Dugand

value: phanerophyte

authors: (Dugand) R.Bernal

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: soda-oppositifolia

scientific: Soda oppositifolia

authorship: (Desf.) Akhani

genus: Soda

epithet: oppositifolia

family: Chenopodiaceae

published_in: Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 11-546518: 30 (2020)

Salsola oppositifolia

authorship: Desf.

Seidlitzia oppositifolia

authorship: (Desf.) Iljin

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA PAL SIN IND BAL ITA SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Western Sahara

code: WSA

Palestine

code: PAL

region: Western Asia

Sinai

code: SIN

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Baleares

code: BAL

Italy

code: ITA

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 902 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Солянка супротивнолистная

authors: (Desf.) Akhani

published_in: Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Lausanne) 11-546518: 30


slug: soehrensia-angelesiae

scientific: Soehrensia angelesiae

authorship: (R.Kiesling) Schlumpb.

genus: Soehrensia

epithet: angelesiae

family: Cactaceae

published_in: in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 30. 2012.

Echinopsis angelesiae

authorship: (R.Kiesling) G.D.Rowley

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

region: Southern South America

lifeform: succulent subshrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland

authors: (R.Kiesling) Schlumpb.

published_in: Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 30

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: soehrensia-bruchii

scientific: Soehrensia bruchii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Backeb.

epithet: bruchii

Echinopsis bruchii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong

authorship: (Britton & Rose) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle

Echinopsis formosa subsp. bruchi

authorship: (Britton & Rose) M.Lowry

Echinopsis grandis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Echinopsis ingens

authorship: (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Lobivia bruchii

authorship: Britton & Rose

Lobivia formosa subsp. bruchii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Rausch

Pseudolobivia grandis

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Krainz

name: Soehrensia bruchii var. atropurpureiflora

Soehrensia ingens

authorship: Backeb.

Trichocereus bruchii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter

Trichocereus formosus subsp. bruchii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Guiggi

Trichocereus ingens

authorship: (Backeb.) F.Ritter

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 135 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Britton & Rose) Backeb.

published_in: Kakteenkunde 1940: 12

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: soehrensia-camarguensis

scientific: Soehrensia camarguensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) Schlumpb.

epithet: camarguensis

Echinopsis camarguensis

authorship: (Cárdenas) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley

Trichocereus camarguensis

authorship: Cárdenas

authors: (Cárdenas) Schlumpb.