slug: artocarpus-altilis

scientific: Artocarpus altilis

authorship: (Parkinson) Fosberg

genus: Artocarpus

epithet: altilis

family: Moraceae

published_in: J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31: 95 (1941)

preferred: Breadfruit

english:
Breadfruit
Breadfruit Tree
Breadnut
breadfruit
dugdug

Artocarpus altilis var. non-seminiferus

authorship: (Duss) Fournet

Artocarpus communis

authorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

Artocarpus incisifolius

authorship: Stokes

Artocarpus incisus

authorship: (Thunb.) L.f.

Artocarpus incisus var. non-seminiferus

authorship: Duss

Artocarpus laevis

authorship: Hassk.

Artocarpus papuanus

authorship: Diels

Artocarpus rima

authorship: Blanco

Radermachia incisa

authorship: Thunb.

Saccus communis

authorship: (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Kuntze

Saccus laevis

authorship: (Hassk.) Kuntze

Sitodium altile

authorship: Parkinson

codes: CRL MRN

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

region: Northwestern Pacific

Marianas

code: MRN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Mufa

activities: Allergenic Anemiagenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4 Cancer-Preventive Choleretic Dermatitigenic FLavor

Pufa

activities: AntiMS Antiacne Antieczemic Antipolyneuritic

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

Pantothenic-acid

activities: Antiallergic Antiarthritic Anticephalagic Anticlaudificant? Antidermatitic Antifatigue Antihypercholesterolemic Antiielus?

names: breadfruit Breadnut

names:
árbol del pan
fruta de pan

names: 面包树 麵包樹

names: fruta-pão rima

names: Хлебное дерево

names:
arbre à pain
Artocarpe incisé

names: Broodboom Broodvrucht

names: Brödfruktträd brödfrukt

names: Leipäpuu malaijienleipäpuu

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Trigona guianae
Trigona silvestriana

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Dactylurina staudingeri
Trigona guianae
Trigona silvestriana

label: Eaten by

partners:
Pteropus mariannus
Pteropus tonganus
Oteana lubra
Phaciocephalus onoi
Pteropus melanotus natalis
Pteropus samoensis
Pteropus voeltzkowi
Annelida

value: tree

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: non-succulent

value: Single Stem

value: rapid


slug: artocarpus-chama

scientific: Artocarpus chama

epithet: chama

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 331 (1826)

Artocarpus asperulus

authorship: Gagnep.

Artocarpus chaplasha

authorship: Roxb.

Ficus chrysophthalma

authorship: Miq.

Saccus callophyllus

authorship: (J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt) Kuntze

Saccus chaplasta

authorship: (Roxb.) Kuntze

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: CHC ASS BAN EHM VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

lifeform: tree

climate: wet tropical

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

license: CC-BY 4.0

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names: 野树波罗 山波罗

license: CC0 / per-source

type: eatenBy

partners:
Acridotheres fuscus
Acridotheres tristis
Aegithina tiphia
Corvus levaillantii
Corvus splendens
Dendrocitta vagabunda
Eudynamys scolopaceus
Glyphodes caesalis

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

source: GIFT

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Growth form

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: deciduous

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 331

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: artocarpus-elasticus

scientific: Artocarpus elasticus

authorship: Reinw.

epithet: elasticus

preferred: artocarpus

source: wikidata

Artocarpus blumei

authorship: Trécul

Artocarpus kunstleri

authorship: King ex Hook.f.

Saccus blumei

authorship: (Trécul) Kuntze

Saccus elasticus

authorship: (Reinw. ex Blume) Kuntze

Saccus kuenstleri

authorship: Kuntze

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: BOR JAW LSI MLY MYA PHI SUM THA

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: artocarpus Terap

names: Артокарпус эластичный

names: Benda/Bendo Bendha

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Macaca fascicularis
Eonycteris spelaea
Glyphodes caesalis
Hylobates lar
Pongo pygmaeus
Pongo pygmaeus morio
Presbytis thomasi

label: Height

category: Size

value: evergreen

authors: Reinw. ex Blume

published_in: Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 481

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: artocarpus-heterophyllus

scientific: Artocarpus heterophyllus

authorship: Lam.

epithet: heterophyllus

preferred: jackfruit tree

english:
jackfruit tree
jackfruit

Artocarpus brasiliensis

authorship: Gomes

Artocarpus nanca

authorship: Noronha

Saccus heterophyllus

authorship: (Lam.) Kuntze

Sitodium cauliflorum

authorship: Gaertn.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

India

code: IND

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2008 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Tannin

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antidiarrheic Antidysenteric Antihepatotoxic

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Ursolic-acid

activities: Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiTGF-beta Antialzheimeran Antiarrhythmic Antiarthritic Antibacterial

Morin

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Antifeedant Antiherpetic Antioxidant Antispasmodic Antitumor-Promoter Antiviral

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Acetyl-choline

activities: Allergenic Antiamblyopic Antidiuretic Antiileus Antitachycardic Cardiodepressant Cerebrostimulant Histaminic

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

Betulinic-acid

activities: Anthelmintic AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
jackfruit tree
Jackfruit

names: Buenpan Yaca

names: 波羅蜜 木波罗

names:
جاك فروت
جاكا

names: Jaqueira jaca

names:
Джекфрут
Индийское хлебное дерево

names: ジャックフルーツ パラミツ

names: Jackfruchtbaum Nangka

names: Artocarpe à feuilles entières, Jacque, Jacquier, Jaque, Jaquier

names: ארטוקרפוס שונה-עלים

type: flowerVisitedBy

partners:
Elymnias hypermnestra
Eonycteris spelaea

partners:
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Callithrix jacchus
Dasyprocta leporina
Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Phyllostomus hastatus
Pteropus tonganus
Sapajus nigritus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

key: succulence

label: Succulence

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: artocarpus-hirsutus

scientific: Artocarpus hirsutus

epithet: hirsutus

preferred: hirsute artocarpus

Artocarpus pubescens

authorship: Willd.

codes: IND SRL

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 65 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
hirsute artocarpus
Hairy Bread-Fruit Tree

names: aini aini-maram

names:
Aiyini pala
Kattuppala

names:
Hebbalasu
Kadu Halasu

names: Anjili Ayani

names: Lakucah Panasa

partners:
Parasa lepida
Pteropus vampyrus

authors: Lam.

published_in: Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 3(1): 211

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: artocarpus-hypargyreus

scientific: Artocarpus hypargyreus

authorship: Hance ex Benth.

epithet: hypargyreus

codes: CHC CHS CHH

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

names:
Silver-back Artocarpus
Sweet Artocarpus

names: 桂木干 桂木根

names: Jaca-kwai-muk Kwai-muk

names:
Bulrolri
Keledang Cina

authors: Hance ex Benth.

published_in: Fl. Hongk. 325

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: artocarpus-integer

scientific: Artocarpus integer

authorship: (Thunb.) Merr.

epithet: integer

published_in: Interpr. Herb. Amboin. : 190 (1917)

preferred: chempedak

english:
chempedak
jack tree

Artocarpus champeden

authorship: (Lour.) Stokes

Artocarpus hirsutissimus

authorship: Kurz

Artocarpus pilosus

authorship: Reinw. ex Miq.

Artocarpus polyphema

authorship: Pers.

Polyphema champeden

authorship: Lour.

Radermachia integra

authorship: Thunb.

Saccus champeden

authorship: (Lour.) Kuntze

Saccus integer

authorship: (Thunb.) Kuntze

codes: BOR JAW MLY MOL SUL SUM THA

Maluku

code: MOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 49 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
chempedak
jack tree

names: kathal kathar

names: baroh campedak

names: chakka pilual

names: cempedak bankong

names:
කොස් ගස
බත් ගස

partners:
Glyphodes caesalis
Phyllostomus hastatus
Pteropus giganteus
Pyrops sultana
Trilocha varians
Ananthasubramanianum tomentosus
Attacus caesar
Attacus lorquinii

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites


slug: artocarpus-lacucha

scientific: Artocarpus lacucha

authorship: Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.

epithet: lacucha

published_in: Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 333 (1826)

Antiaris palembanica

authorship: Miq.

Artocarpus acuminatissimus

authorship: Merr.

Artocarpus benghalensis

authorship: Roxb. ex Wall.

Artocarpus cumingianus

authorship: Trécul

Artocarpus erythrocarpus

authorship: Korth. ex Miq.

Artocarpus fretissi

authorship: Teijsm. & Binn. ex Hassk.

Artocarpus inconstantissimus

authorship: (Miq.) Miq.

Artocarpus lakoocha

authorship: Roxb.

Artocarpus lakoocha var. malayanus

authorship: King

Artocarpus leytensis

authorship: Elmer

Artocarpus mollis

authorship: Wall.

Artocarpus ovatus

authorship: Blanco

Artocarpus refractus

authorship: Becc.

Artocarpus reticulatus

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wall.

Artocarpus yunnanensis

authorship: Hu

Ipo palembanicam

authorship: Kuntze

Saccus cumingianus

authorship: (Trécul) Kuntze

Saccus dadah

authorship: (Miq.) Kuntze

Saccus lakoocha

authorship: (Roxb.) Kuntze

codes: CHC AND ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND LAO MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG PHI SUL SUM THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

Laos

code: LAO

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Leopoldamys sabanus
Callosciurus finlaysonii
Elephas maximus
Glyphodes caesalis
Helarctos malayanus
Homo sapiens
Hylobates agilis
Macaca leonina


slug: artocarpus-rigidus

scientific: Artocarpus rigidus

authorship: Blume

epithet: rigidus

preferred: monkey Jack

Artocarpus calophyllus

authorship: Kurz

Artocarpus cuspidatus

authorship: Griff.

Artocarpus dimorphophyllus

authorship: Miq.

Artocarpus kertau

authorship: Zoll.

Artocarpus rotundus

authorship: (Houtt.) Panz.

Saccus kertsau

authorship: (Zoll. ex Miq.) Kuntze

Saccus rigidus

authorship: (Blume) Kuntze

names:
monkey Jack
monkey-jack

partners:
Macaca fascicularis
Glyphodes caesalis
Hylobates agilis
Hylobates lar
Presbytis melalophos
Presbytis siamensis
Symphalangus syndactylus
Trachypithecus obscurus

authors: Blume

published_in: Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 9: 482

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: artocarpus-treculianus

scientific: Artocarpus treculianus

authorship: Elmer

epithet: treculianus

published_in: Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: 617 (1909)

Artocarpus ovatifolius

authorship: Merr.

Artocarpus sorsogonensis

authorship: Elmer ex Merr.

Philippines

code: PHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 149 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Elmer

published_in: Leafl. Philipp. Bot. ii. 617 (1909)


slug: artorima-erubescens

scientific: Artorima erubescens

authorship: (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard

genus: Artorima

epithet: erubescens

family: Orchidaceae

Encyclia erubescens

authorship: (Lindl.) Schltr.

Epidendrum erubescens

authorship: Lindl.

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

lifeform: pseudobulbous epiphyte

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 64 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: non-woody

authors: (Lindl.) Dressler & G.E.Pollard

published_in: Phytologia 21: 439

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: arum-besserianum

scientific: Arum besserianum

authorship: Schott

genus: Arum

epithet: besserianum

family: Araceae

Arum besserianum f. miodoborense

authorship: (Szafer) Terpó

Arum besserianum var. miodoborense

authorship: Szafer

Arum maculatum subsp. besserianum

authorship: (Schott) Nyman

Arum orientale subsp. besserianum

authorship: (Schott) Holub

codes: POL UKR

Poland

code: POL

continent: EUROPE

region: Middle Europe

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 254 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аронник Бессера

names: Арум Бессера

value: geophyte

authors: Schott

published_in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 349

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: arum-concinnatum

scientific: Arum concinnatum

epithet: concinnatum

Arum italicum f. purpureopetiolum

authorship: Engl.

Arum italicum subsp. concinnatum

authorship: (Schott) K.Richt.

Arum italicum subvar. marmoratum

authorship: (Schott) Engl.

Arum italicum var. wettsteinii

authorship: (Hruby) Engl.

Arum wettsteinii

authorship: Hruby

codes: EAI TUR GRC KRI

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Kriti

code: KRI

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 159 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Icon. Aroid. t. 39


slug: arum-creticum

scientific: Arum creticum

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr.

epithet: creticum

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient.  13: 9 (1854)

preferred: Cretan Arum

codes: EAI TUR KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Boiss. & Heldr.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 13: 9

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: arum-cylindraceum

scientific: Arum cylindraceum

authorship: Gasp.

epithet: cylindraceum

Arum alpinum

authorship: Schott & Kotschy

Arum alpinum f. javorkae

authorship: Terpó

Arum alpinum subsp. danicum

authorship: (Prime) Terpó

Arum alpinum subsp. gracile

authorship: (Unverr. ex Bielz) Terpó

Arum alpinum var. intermedium

authorship: (Schur ex Schott) Terpó

Arum gracile

authorship: Unverr. ex Bielz

Arum intermedium

authorship: Schur ex Schott

Arum italicum var. cylindraceum

authorship: (Gasp.) Nyman

Arum italicum var. lanceolatum

authorship: Boiss. & Heldr. ex Engl.

Arum maculatum subsp. alpinum

authorship: (Schott & Kotschy) K.Richt.

Arum maculatum subsp. angustatum

authorship: (Engl.) K.Richt.

Arum maculatum subsp. danicum

authorship: Prime

Arum maculatum subvar. alpinum

authorship: (Schott & Kotschy) Engl.

Arum maculatum subvar. gracile

authorship: (Unverr. ex Bielz) Engl.

Arum orientale subsp. alpinum

authorship: (Schott & Kotschy) Riedl

Arum orientale subsp. danicum

authorship: (Prime) Prime

Arum transsilvanicum

authorship: Cztez

codes: CYP TUR AUT BUL COR CZE DEN GER GRC HUN ITA KRI YUG POL POR ROM SIC SPA SWE SWI TUE

Cyprus

code: CYP

Austria

code: AUT

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

region: Southwestern Europe

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Sweden

code: SWE

Switzerland

code: SWI

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1738 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аронник цилиндрический


slug: arum-dioscoridis

scientific: Arum dioscoridis

authorship: Sm.

epithet: dioscoridis

Arum cyprium

authorship: Schott

Arum dioscoridis f. atropurpureum

authorship: Hruby

Arum dioscoridis f. guttatum

authorship: Engl.

Arum dioscoridis var. cyprium

authorship: (Schott) Engl.

Arum dioscoridis var. philistaeum

authorship: (Kotschy ex Schott) Engl.

Arum dioscoridis var. punctatum

authorship: (Hruby) Engl.

Arum eggeri

authorship: Barbey ex Engl.

Arum philistaeum

authorship: Kotschy ex Schott

Arum pumilum

authorship: Kotschy ex Engl.

Arum spectabile var. liepoldtii

authorship: (Schott) Nyman

Arum syriacum

authorship: Blume

codes: CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 320 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аронник Диоскорида

names:
Άρον του Διοσκουρίδη
Αρκοκολόκασον

value: herb

authors: Sm.

published_in: Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2(2): 245


slug: arum-hygrophilum

scientific: Arum hygrophilum

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: hygrophilum

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient.  13: 8 (1854)

preferred: Water Arum

Arum hygrophilum subsp. aurorum

authorship: Braun-Blanq. & Maire

Arum hygrophilum var. genuinum

authorship: Maire & Weiller

Arum hygrophilum var. maurum

authorship: (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Jahand. & Maire

codes: MOR CYP LBS PAL TUR

Morocco

code: MOR

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 166 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
كف الدب
لوف مائي

names: Аронник влаголюбивый

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 13: 8


slug: arum-italicum

scientific: Arum italicum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: italicum

preferred: Italian arum

english:
Italian arum
Italian lords and ladies
italian lords-and-ladies

source: inat

Arisarum italicum

authorship: (Mill.) Raf.

Arum albispathum

authorship: Steven ex Ledeb.

Arum canariense

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Arum divaricatum

authorship: Dulac

Arum facchini

authorship: Porta ex Hruby

Arum italicum f. majoricense

authorship: (Chodat) Mus, Pericás & Rosselló

Arum italicum f. purpurascens

authorship: Pamp.

Arum italicum subsp. gaibolense

authorship: Mattei

Arum italicum subsp. majoricense

authorship: (Chodat) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo

Arum italicum subvar. foucaudii

authorship: (Corb.) Engl.

Arum italicum subvar. immaculatum

authorship: (DC.) Engl.

Arum italicum var. canariense

authorship: (Webb & Berthel.) Engl.

Arum italicum var. concolor

authorship: Beck

Arum italicum var. facchinii

authorship: (Porta ex Hruby) Engl.

Arum italicum var. foucaudii

authorship: Corb.

Arum italicum var. immaculatum

authorship: DC.

Arum italicum var. intermedium

authorship: Mutel

Arum italicum var. maculatum

authorship: Hoschedé

Arum italicum var. parvulum

authorship: Borhidi

Arum italicum var. yvesii

authorship: Briq.

Arum maculatum f. parvulum

authorship: (Borhidi) Terpó

Arum maculatum var. italicum

authorship: (Mill.) O.Targ.Tozz.

Arum majoricense

authorship: Chodat

Arum modicense

authorship: Sprenger

Arum neglectum

authorship: (F.Towns.) Ridl.

Arum orientale subsp. albispathum

authorship: (Steven ex Ledeb.) Nyman

Arum orientale var. albispathum

authorship: (Steven ex Ledeb.) Engl.

Arum provinciale

authorship: Sommier ex Hruby

codes: ALG AZO CNY MDR MOR TUN CYP IRQ LBS NCS TCS TUR ALB BAL BUL COR FRA GRB GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Azores

code: AZO

region: Macaronesia

Canary Is.

code: CNY

Madeira

code: MDR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Iraq

code: IRQ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Albania

code: ALB

Baleares

code: BAL

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Great Britain

code: GRB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1927 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 意大利疆南星 義大利疆南星

names: Аронник итальянский

partners:
Micrommata ligurina
Psychoda
Spelobia clunipes

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: arum-korolkowii

scientific: Arum korolkowii

authorship: Regel

epithet: korolkowii

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada  2: 407 (1873)

codes: AFG IRN KAZ KGZ TZK TKM UZB

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 123 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аронник Королькова

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Flowering months

category: Flowers and fruit

value: Apr-May

authors: Regel


slug: arum-maculatum

scientific: Arum maculatum

authorship: L.

epithet: maculatum

preferred: Cuckoo-pint

english:
Cuckoo-pint
Snakeshead
cuckoo pint

Arisarum maculatum

authorship: (L.) Raf.

Arum alpinum subsp. pyrenaeum

authorship: (Dufour) Nyman

Arum byzantinum

authorship: Blume

Arum gracile

authorship: Unverr. ex Schott

Arum heldreichii

authorship: Orph. ex Boiss.

Arum immaculatum

authorship: (Rchb.) Rchb.

Arum italicum subsp. byzantinum

authorship: (Blume) Nyman

Arum italicum var. amoenum

authorship: Engl.

Arum italicum var. byzantinum

authorship: (Blume) Engl.

Arum maculatum f. flavescens

authorship: Riedl

authorship: Melzer ex Riedl

Arum maculatum f. immaculatum

authorship: (Mutel) Topa

Arum maculatum f. roseum

authorship: (Grembl. ex Engl.) Riedl

Arum maculatum f. scolopendriforme

authorship: Priszter ex Horvat

Arum maculatum f. spathulatum

authorship: Terpó

Arum maculatum f. tetrelii

authorship: (Corb.) Terpó

Arum maculatum subvar. malyi

authorship: (Schott) Engl.

Arum maculatum subvar. pyrenaeum

authorship: (Dufour) Engl.

Arum maculatum subvar. roseum

authorship: Grembl. ex Engl.

Arum maculatum var. flavescens

authorship: Melzer ex Janch.

Arum maculatum var. heldreichii

authorship: (Orph. ex Boiss.) Nyman

Arum maculatum var. immaculatum

authorship: Rchb.

Arum maculatum var. malyi

authorship: (Schott) Nyman

Arum maculatum var. pyrenaeum

authorship: (Dufour) P.Fourn.

Arum maculatum var. vulgare

authorship: (Lam.) Engl.

Arum maculatum var. zelebori

authorship: (Schott) Beck

Arum malyi

authorship: Schott

Arum orientale subsp. amoenum

authorship: (Engl.) R.R.Mill

Arum pyrenaeum

authorship: Dufour

Arum trapezuntinum

authorship: Schott ex Engl.

Arum vernale

authorship: Salisb.

Arum vulgare

authorship: Lam.

Arum vulgare var. immaculatum

authorship: Gray

codes: TCS TUR ALB AUT BGM BUL CZE FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRI KRY YUG NET POL ROM SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Türkiye

code: TUR

Austria

code: AUT

Belgium

code: BGM

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Ireland

code: IRE

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2054 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аронник пятнистый

names:
Gefleckter Aronstab
Gefleckter Aronstab (Artengruppe)

names: کارده سرماری

names: Кліщинець плямистий

partners:
Psychoda phalaenoides
Psychoda grisescens

partners:
Psychoda phalaenoides
Philoscia muscorum
Psychoda
Psychoda grisescens

partners:
Andrena cineraria
Harmonia axyridis
Puccinia sessilis
Zygina nivea

partners:
Lilioceris lilii
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Ascochyta ari
Carduelis citrinella

partners:
Puccinia sessilis
Melampsora allii-populina
Spermosporina aricola

partners:
Melampsora allii-populina
Puccinia sessilis


slug: arum-megobrebi

scientific: Arum megobrebi

authorship: Lobin, M.Neumann, Bogner & P.C.Boyce

epithet: megobrebi

codes: TCS TUR

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 45 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аронник друзей

authors: Lobin, M.Neumann, Bogner & P.C.Boyce


slug: arum-orientale

scientific: Arum orientale

epithet: orientale

Arum alpinariae

authorship: (Alpinar & R.R.Mill) P.C.Boyce

Arum elongatum

authorship: Steven

Arum elongatum subsp. alpinariae

authorship: Alpinar & R.R.Mill

Arum maculatum var. caucasicum

authorship: Willd.

Arum nigrum var. petteri

authorship: (Schott) Engl.

Arum orientale subsp. elongatum

authorship: (Steven) Engl.

Arum orientale subvar. depauperatum

authorship: Engl.

Arum orientale var. longispathum

authorship: (Rchb.) Nyman

Arum phrygium

authorship: Boiss. ex Tchich.

Arum pictum

authorship: Petter

codes: LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR ALB AUT BUL CZE GRC HUN KRY YUG ROM RUS TUE UKR

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Krym

code: KRY

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 399 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Аронник восточный

names: Кліщинець східний


slug: arum-palaestinum

scientific: Arum palaestinum

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: palaestinum

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient.  13: 6 (1854)

Arum magdalenae

authorship: Sprenger

Arum sanctum

authorship: Dammer

Richardia sancta

authorship: (Dammer) Pynaert

codes: LBS PAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 431 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Palestine arum
Solomon's lily

names: Аронник палестинский

names: לוף ארץ-ישראלי

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 13: 6


slug: arum-pictum

scientific: Arum pictum

epithet: pictum

Arisarum pictum

authorship: (L.f.) Raf.

Arum balearicum

authorship: Buc'hoz

Arum corsicum

authorship: Loisel.

Arum pictum subsp. sagittifolium

authorship: Rosselló & L.Sáez

Gymnomesium pictum

authorship: (L.f.) Schott

codes: BAL COR ITA SAR

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Sardegna

code: SAR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 366 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Arum peint
Gouet peint

names:
Gigaro di Sardegna
Gigaro sardo-corso

names: Cugot Rapa

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 410


slug: arum-purpureospathum

scientific: Arum purpureospathum

epithet: purpureospathum

iucn_category: VU

label: Vulnerable

names: Аронник пурпурнопокрывальный

published_in: Aroideana 10(1): 8

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: aruncus-dioicus

scientific: Aruncus dioicus

authorship: (Walter) Fernald

genus: Aruncus

epithet: dioicus

family: Rosaceae

preferred: Goatsbeard

english:
Goatsbeard
bride's feathers

Actaea dioica

authorship: Walter

Aruncus acuminatus

authorship: (Douglas ex Hook.) Rydb.

Aruncus allegheniensis

authorship: Rydb.

Aruncus allegheniensis var. pubescens

authorship: (Rydb.) Fernald

Aruncus americanus

authorship: Raf.

Aruncus aruncus

authorship: (L.) H.Karst.

Aruncus barbacaprae

authorship: Fourr.

Aruncus barbaecapri

authorship: Wender.

Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus

authorship: (Maxim.) H.Hara

Aruncus dioicus var. triternatus

authorship: (Wall. ex Maxim.) H.Hara

Aruncus kamtschaticus var. tomentosus

authorship: (Koidz.) Miyabe & Tatew.

Aruncus sylvester

authorship: Kostel.

Aruncus sylvester subsp. acuminatus

authorship: (Douglas ex Hook.) A.E.Murray

Aruncus sylvester var. acuminatus

authorship: (Douglas ex Hook.) Jeps.

Aruncus sylvester var. americana

authorship: Michx.

Aruncus sylvester var. kamtschaticus

authorship: Maxim.

Aruncus sylvester var. triternatus

authorship: Wall. ex Maxim.

Aruncus sylvestris

authorship: Kostel. ex Opiz

authorship: Kostel. ex Maxim.

Aruncus sylvestris subsp. acuminatus

authorship: (Douglas ex Hook.) Kartesz

Aruncus vulgaris var. americanus

authorship: (Michx.) H.Hara

Astilbe aruncus

authorship: Trev.

Spiraea acuminata

authorship: Douglas ex Hook.

Spiraea aruncus

authorship: L.

Spiraea aruncus var. americana

authorship: (Michx.) Pers.

Spiraea aruncus var. kneiffii

authorship: Anon.

Spiraea aruncus var. micropetala

authorship: Regel

Spiraea aruncus var. triternata

authorship: Wall. ex Wenz.

Spiraea aruncus var. vulgaris

authorship: Cambess.

Spiraea triternata

authorship: Wall.

Ulmaria arunca

authorship: (L.) Hill

codes: AMU CTA KAM KHA MAG MON NCS PRM SAK TCS TUR YAK EHM MYA NEP WHM ALB AUT BLR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG POL ROM SPA SWI UKR ALA ASK ABT ARK BRC CAL GEO ILL INI IOW KTY MRY MSI MSO NCA OHI OKL ORE PEN SCA TEN VRG WAS WVA YUK

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Chita

code: CTA

region: Siberia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Magadan

code: MAG

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Türkiye

code: TUR

Yakutiya

code: YAK

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1985 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Волжанка азиатская
Волжанка двудомная

names:
Таволжник дводомний
Таволжник звичайний

partners:
Andrena afrensis
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris
Ceratina
Ceratina japonica
Coleoptera
Episyrphus balteatus
Eristalis arbustorum

partners:
Allograpta obliqua
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Euderces picipes
Nomada articulata
Valgus canaliculatus
Acropteroxys gracilis
Agrilaxia flavimana

partners:
Agrilaxia flavimana
Allograpta obliqua
Analeptura lineola
Andrena barbilabris
Andrena fragilis
Andrena pruni
Araeopidius monachus
Attagenus schaefferi

partners:
Orsodacne cerasi
Acanthis flammea
Acasis viretata
Acleris aspersana
Acleris shepherdana
Acropteroxys gracilis
Acytolepis puspa
Agrilaxia flavimana


slug: arundina-graminifolia

scientific: Arundina graminifolia

authorship: (D.Don) Hochr.

genus: Arundina

epithet: graminifolia

published_in: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 270 (1910)

preferred: Bamboo Orchid

english:
Bamboo Orchid
Bamboo orchid
bamboo orchid

Arundina affinis

authorship: Griff.

Arundina bambusifolia

authorship: Lindl.

Arundina caespitosa

authorship: Aver.

Arundina chinensis

authorship: Blume

Arundina graminifolia f. alba

authorship: N.H.Tuan & O.Gruss

Arundina graminifolia var. chinensis

authorship: (Blume) S.S.Ying

Arundina graminifolia var. revoluta

authorship: (Hook.f.) A.Lamb

Arundina meyenii

authorship: (Schauer) Rchb.f.

Arundina philippii var. malayana

authorship: Ridl.

Arundina pulchella

authorship: Teijsm. & Binn.

Arundina pulchra

authorship: Miq.

Arundina sanderiana

authorship: Kraenzl.

Arundina speciosa var. sarasinorum

authorship: Schltr.

Arundina stenopetala

authorship: Gagnep.

Cymbidium bambusifolium

authorship: Roxb.

Cymbidium meyenii

authorship: Schauer

Cymbidium speciosum

authorship: Reinw. ex Lindl.

Limodorum graminifolium

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f.

Ophrys arundinacea

authorship: Noronha

codes: CHC CHS CHH NNS TAI CHT ASS BAN BOR CBD EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP PHI SRL SUL SUM THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Philippines

code: PHI

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1979 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Арундина злаколистная

names: ยี่โถปีนัง เอื้องดินใบไผ่


slug: arundinaria-appalachiana

scientific: Arundinaria appalachiana

authorship: Triplett, Weakley & L.G.Clark

genus: Arundinaria

epithet: appalachiana

family: Poaceae

preferred: hill cane

Arundinaria tecta var. decidua

authorship: Beadle

codes: ALA GEO NCA SCA TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

lifeform: bamboo

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 435 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: graminoid

source: USDA PLANTS

value: shrub

value: subshrub

authors: Triplett, Weakley & L.G.Clark


slug: arundinaria-gigantea

scientific: Arundinaria gigantea

authorship: (Walter) Muhl.

epithet: gigantea

published_in: Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. : 14 (1813)

preferred: river cane

english:
river cane
giant cane

Arundinaria bambusina

authorship: (Fisch.) Trin.

Arundinaria gigantea subsp. macrosperma

authorship: (Michx.) McClure

Arundinaria macrosperma

authorship: Michx.

name: Arundinaria macrosperma var. arborescens

authorship: Munro

Arundo gigantea

authorship: Walter

Ludolfia macrosperma

authorship: (Michx.) Willd.

Miegia arundinacea

authorship: Torr. ex Munro

Miegia arundinaria

authorship: Raf.

Miegia gigantea

authorship: (Walter) Nutt.

Miegia macrosperma

authorship: (Michx.) Pers.

Nastus macrospermus

authorship: (Michx.) Raspail

Triglossum bambusinum

authorship: Fisch.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO NCA OHI OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1978 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
giant cane
river cane

names: Арундинария гигантская

partners:
Jikradia olitoria
Verrucosa arenata

label: Eaten by

partners:
Ailuropoda
Enodia creola
Enodia portlandia
Epeurysa nawaii
Mastor aesculapius
Mastor carolina
Melanaphis bambusae

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

quote: Giant cane is a native, warm-season, robust, rhizomatous perennial grass.

quote: Giant cane produces green leaves and stems all year.


slug: arundinaria-tecta

scientific: Arundinaria tecta

epithet: tecta

preferred: switchcane

source: usda

Arundinaria gigantea subsp. tecta

authorship: (Walter) McClure

Arundinaria gigantea var. tecta

authorship: (Walter) Scribn.

name: Arundinaria macrosperma var. suffruticosa

Arundinaria macrosperma var. tecta

authorship: (Walter) Alph.Wood

Arundinaria tecta var. colorata

authorship: Rupr.

Arundinaria tecta var. pumila

authorship: (Nutt. ex Rupr.) Rupr.

Bambusa pumila

authorship: Mitford

Festuca grandiflora

authorship: Lam.

Ludolfia tecta

authorship: (Walter) A.Dietr.

Miegia pumila

authorship: Nutt. ex Rupr.

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NWJ NWY NCA SCA TEN VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1561 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Limber cane
Mutton Grass

partners:
Arundanus marginellus
Arundanus parvulus
Sanctanus tectus
Stenocranus similis
Arundanus nacreosus
Chlorotettix suturalis
Crumbana arundinea
Epeurysa nawaii

label: Growth habit

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: arundinella-nepalensis

scientific: Arundinella nepalensis

authorship: Trin.

genus: Arundinella

epithet: nepalensis

Acratherum miliaceum

authorship: Link

Arundinella acratherum

authorship: Nees ex Steud.

Arundinella ecklonii

authorship: Nees

Arundinella glabra

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

Arundinella miliacea

authorship: (Link) Nees

Arundinella nepalensis var. xerophila

authorship: Ibaragi

Arundinella pilaxilis

authorship: B.S.Sun & Z.H.Hu

Arundinella ritchei

authorship: Munro ex Lisboa

Arundinella virgata

authorship: Janowski

Orthopogon agrostoides

authorship: Trevir. ex Steud.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: ANG BUR CMN CPP CAF SWZ OFS GUI KEN NAT LES MDG MLW MLI TVL SEN TAN ZAM ZIM CHC CHS CHH OMA CHT ASS EHM IND MYA NEP PAK THA VIE WHM NSW NTA QLD WAU

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Burundi

code: BUR

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

Guinea

code: GUI

region: West Tropical Africa

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Senegal

code: SEN

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Oman

code: OMA

region: Arabian Peninsula

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

East Himalaya

code: EHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 186 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: De Graminibus Paniceis. Dissertatio Botanica

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: arundinella-pumila

scientific: Arundinella pumila

authorship: (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Steud.

epithet: pumila

Acratherum pumilum

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Anemagrostis tenella

authorship: Steud.

codes: CMN ETH GHA GUI NGA SIE SUD OMA ASS BAN IND JAW LAO LSI MYA NEP SRL SUL WHM

Cameroon

code: CMN

Ethiopia

code: ETH

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Nigeria

code: NGA

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Bangladesh

code: BAN

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: annual

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

label: Woodiness

value: therophyte

value: annual

authors: Steud.

published_in: Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(2): 114

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: arundo-donax

scientific: Arundo donax

authorship: L.

genus: Arundo

epithet: donax

preferred: giant reed

english:
giant reed
Giant Reed

Aira bengalensis

authorship: (Retz.) J.F.Gmel.

Amphidonax bengalensis

authorship: (Retz.) Steud.

Arundo aegyptia

authorship: Delile

Arundo bengalensis

authorship: Retz.

Arundo coleotricha

authorship: (Hack.) Honda

Arundo coleotricha var. barbigera

authorship: Honda

Arundo coleotricha var. versicolor

authorship: (Mill.) Stokes

Arundo donax f. versicolor

authorship: (Mill.) Beetle

Arundo donax var. angustifolia

authorship: Döll

Arundo donax var. barbigera

authorship: (Honda) Ohwi

Arundo donax var. coleotricha

authorship: Hack.

Arundo donax var. procerior

authorship: Kunth

Arundo donax var. variegata

authorship: Poit. & A.Vilm.

Arundo glauca

authorship: Bubani

Arundo latifolia

authorship: Salisb.

Arundo longifolia

authorship: Salisb. ex Hook.f.

Arundo sativa

authorship: Lam.

Arundo triflora

authorship: Roxb.

Arundo versicolor

authorship: Mill.

Cynodon donax

authorship: (L.) Raspail

Donax bengalensis

authorship: (Retz.) P.Beauv.

Donax bifarius

authorship: (Retz.) Trin. ex Spreng.

Donax donax

authorship: (L.) Asch. & Graebn.

Donax sativa

authorship: (Lam.) J.Presl

Scolochloa arundinacea

authorship: (P.Beauv.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

Scolochloa donax

authorship: (L.) Gaudin

codes: AFG CHC CHS CYP GST CHH IRN IRQ JAP KAZ LBS NNS OGA OMA PAL SIN TZK CHT TCS TKM TUR UZB YEM ASS BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP PAK THA VIE WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Cyprus

code: CYP

Gulf States

code: GST

Hainan

code: CHH

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Japan

code: JAP

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Oman

code: OMA

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Tibet

code: CHT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2036 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Lignin

activities: AntiHIV Antibacterial Anticancer Anticoronary Antidiarrheic Antinitrosaminic Antioxidant Antitumor

Bufotenine

activities: Antialzheimeran? Anticholinesterase Aphrodisiac CNS-Active Cardiovascular Hallucinogenic Hypertensive Mydriatic

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Lupeol

activities: AntiEBV Antiangiogenic Antiedemic Antiflu Antihyperglycemic Antiinflammatory Antilithic Antimalarial

Tricin

activities: Allelopathic Anticariogenic Antileukemic Antioxidant Antitumor Catabolic Estrogenic Herbistat

Gramine

activities: Antiarrhythmic Antifeedant Insecticide Pesticide Vasopressor

Stigmasterol

activities: Antihepatotoxic Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antiophidic Antioxidant Antiviral Artemicide Cancer-Preventive

Beta-amyrin-acetate

activities: Anticonvulsant Antiinflammatory Antinociceptive Antioxidant

Glucuronic-acid

activities:
Antidote (Camphor)
Antidote (Morphine)
Antihepatotoxic
Detoxicant

names: Arundo grass, Bamboo reed, Cow cane, Donax cane, Giant cane, River cane, Spanish cane/reed, Wild cane, Reedgrass

names: Арундо тростниковый

names: Canne de Provence, Grand roseau, Roseau de Provence

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Aiolopus strepens
Aiolopus thalassinus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: arundo-formosana

scientific: Arundo formosana

epithet: formosana

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 724 (1899)

Arundo formosana subsp. robusta

authorship: (Conert) S.S.Ying

Arundo parviflora

authorship: Ohwi

codes: NNS TAI PHI

Nansei-shoto

region: Eastern Asia

Taiwan

code: TAI

Philippines

code: PHI

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1244 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台灣蘆竹 臺灣蘆竹

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Hack.

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 724

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: arundo-micrantha

scientific: Arundo micrantha

epithet: micrantha

Arundo mauritanica

authorship: Desf.

Arundo mediterranea

authorship: Danin

Calamagrostis mauritanica

authorship: Spreng.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR FRA GRC KRI YUG POR SAR SPA TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Greece

code: GRC

region: Southeastern Europe

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 96 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Canne de Pline
Canne de la Méditerranée

names:
canna mediterranea
canna minore

source: GIFT

published_in: Tabl. Encycl. i. 196

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: arytera-distylis

scientific: Arytera distylis

authorship: Radlk.

genus: Arytera

epithet: distylis

family: Sapindaceae

published_in: Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 9: 553 (1879)

Ratonia distylis

authorship: F.Muell. ex Benth.

codes: NSW QLD

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

lifeform: shrub or tree

value: tree

label: Fruit type

value: capsule

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: Radlk.

published_in: Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München ix. (1879) 553

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: arytera-divaricata

scientific: Arytera divaricata

epithet: divaricata

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria 3: 25 (1859)

Arytera exostemonea

authorship: Domin

Arytera oshanesiana

authorship: (F.Muell.) Radlk.

Nephelium beckleri

authorship: Benth.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Coogara Coogera

names: Аритера растопыренная

names: אריטרה מפושקת

published_in: Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria iii. (1859) 25

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: arytera-foveolata

scientific: Arytera foveolata

epithet: foveolata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 208 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: arytera-microphylla

scientific: Arytera microphylla

authorship: (Benth.) Radlk.

epithet: microphylla

published_in: Actes Congr. Int. Bot. Amst. 1877: 114 (1879)

authors: (Benth.) Radlk.

published_in: Actes Congr. Int. Bot., Amsterdam 1877

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: asanthus-solidaginifolius

scientific: Asanthus solidaginifolius

authorship: (A.Gray) R.M.King & H.Rob.

genus: Asanthus

epithet: solidaginifolius

family: Asteraceae

name: Steviopsis thyrsiflora var. solidaginifolia

authorship: (A.Gray) B.L.Turner

codes: MXE MXN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

authors: (A.Gray) R.M.King & H.Rob.

published_in: Phytologia 24: 66


slug: asarina-procumbens

scientific: Asarina procumbens

authorship: Mill.

genus: Asarina

epithet: procumbens

family: Plantaginaceae

Antirrhinum asarifolium

authorship: Salisb.

Antirrhinum asarina

authorship: L.

Antirrhinum asarinum

authorship: Lam.

Asarina cordifolia

authorship: Moench

Asarina lobelii

authorship: Font Quer

Orontium asarina

authorship: (L.) Pers.

Probatea grandiflora

authorship: Raf.

codes: FRA SPA

lifeform: subshrub

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 492 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Creeping Snapdragon
Snapdragon Vine

names: 匐生金鱼草 蔓金鱼草

names: Азарина распростёртая

names:
Kriechendes Loewenmaul
Kriechendes Löwenmaul

names:
Asarine couchee
Asarine couchée

names:
heverő csigalevél
kereklevelű oroszlánszáj

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena florivaga
Halictus leucaheneus
Lasioglossum majus
Lasioglossum marginatum
Lasioglossum nitidiusculum
Lasioglossum podolicum
Osmia mustelina

partners:
Corizus hyoscyami
Palomena prasina

partners:
Acompsia antirrhinella
Dicyphus escalerae

authors: Mill.

published_in: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 1


slug: asarum-arifolium

scientific: Asarum arifolium

authorship: Michx.

genus: Asarum

epithet: arifolium

family: Aristolochiaceae

preferred: Little Brown Jugs

english:
Little Brown Jugs
littlebrownjug

Asarum callifolium

authorship: Small

Asarum ruthii

authorship: Ashe

Heterotropa arifolia

authorship: (Michx.) A.Gray

Hexastylis arifolia

authorship: (Michx.) Small

Hexastylis arifolia var. callifolia

authorship: (Small) H.L.Blomq.

Hexastylis arifolia var. ruthii

authorship: (Ashe) H.L.Blomq.

codes: ALA FLA GEO KTY LOU MSI NCA SCA TEN TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1892 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Life cycle

authors: Michx.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 279


slug: asarum-blumei

scientific: Asarum blumei

authorship: Duch.

epithet: blumei

Asarum albivenium

authorship: Regel

Asarum leucodictyon

authorship: Miq.

Heterotropa blumei

authorship: (Duch.) F.Maek.

Japan

code: JAP

names: 土细辛 杜衡

authors: Duch.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-canadense

scientific: Asarum canadense

authorship: L.

epithet: canadense

preferred: Canadian wild ginger

english:
Canadian wild ginger
Canadian wildginger

Asarum canadense f. phelpsiae

authorship: Fernald

Asarum canadense f. prattii

authorship: Fassett

Asarum canadense var. obtusum

authorship: Muhl.

Asarum carolinianum

authorship: Walter

Asarum latifolium

authorship: Salisb.

Asarum villosum

authorship: Muhl. ex Duch.

Asarum ypsilantense

authorship: Walpole

codes: ALA CNT DEL WDC GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE SCA SDA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

region: Western Canada

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Dakota

code: NDA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Aristolochic-acid

activities: Abortifacient Antiadenocarcinoma Antiaggregant Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antiedemic Antieicosanoid

Limonene

activities: AChE-Inhibitor Acaricide Allelochemic Allergenic Antiacetylcholinesterase Antiadenomic Antialzheimeran? Antiasthmatic

Elemicin

activities: Antiaggregant Antidepressant Antifeedant Antihistaminic Antiserotonic Antistress DNA-Binder Fungicide

Methyl-eugenol

activities:
Anesthetic
Antibacterial
Anticonvulsant
Antidote (Strychnine)
Antifeedant
Antioxidant
Antiradicular
Antiseptic

Geraniol

activities:
Allergenic
Anthelmintic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Pancreas)
Anticariogenic
Antimelanomic
Antisalmonella
Antiseptic

Alpha-terpineol

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antiacne Antibacterial Anticancer Anticariogenic Antiinflammatory

Bornyl-acetate

activities: (-)-Chronotropic (-)-Inotropic Antibacterial Antifeedant Antispasmodic Antiviral Expectorant FLavor

names:
Canadian wildginger
American Wild Ginger

names: Копытень канадский

names: アメリカカンアオイ カナダサイシン

names:
kanadische Haselwurz
kanadische Schlangenwurzel

partners:
Apoidea
Coleoptera
Diptera
Diptera sp.
Gastropoda

quote: these are deciduous at the end of the season

quote: The solitary, red-brown flowers are 2-4 cm.


slug: asarum-caucasicum

scientific: Asarum caucasicum

authorship: (Duch.) N.Busch

epithet: caucasicum

published_in: Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada  11: 58 (1909)

Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum

authorship: (Duch.) Soó

Asarum europaeum var. intermedium

authorship: C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.

authorship: C.A.Mey. ex Domin

Asarum ibericum

authorship: Steven ex N.A.Ivanova

authorship: Steven ex Ledeb.

Asarum intermedium

authorship: (C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.) Grossh.

codes: NCS TCS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 231 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: May

published_in: Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 11(1): 58


slug: asarum-caudatum

scientific: Asarum caudatum

authorship: Lindl.

epithet: caudatum

preferred: Western Wild Ginger

english:
Western Wild Ginger
British Columbia wildginger

Asarum hookeri

authorship: Fielding & Gardner

Asarum rotundifolium

authorship: Raf.

codes: BRC CAL IDA MNT ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Asarum canadense

names:
British Columbia wildginger
Longtail Wild Ginger

names: 卑詩細辛 美西細辛

names: Копытень хвостатый

names: セイガンサイシン センガンサイシン

label: Flower-visited by

authors: Lindl.

published_in: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 17: sub t. 1399


slug: asarum-caudigerum

scientific: Asarum caudigerum

authorship: Hance

epithet: caudigerum

Asarum arrhizoma

authorship: H.Lév. & Vaniot

Asarum caudigerum f. leptophyllum

authorship: (Hayata) W.J.Wu, J.F.Wang & Z.H.Chen

Asarum caudigerum var. leptophyllum

authorship: (Hayata) S.S.Ying

Asarum leptophyllum

authorship: Hayata

codes: CHC CHS NNS TAI VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Vietnam

code: VIE

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 139 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 接气草 尾花细辛

names: onaga-saishin オナガサイシン

authors: Hance

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-chueyi

scientific: Asarum chueyi

authorship: Sinn

epithet: chueyi

Hexastylis chueyi

authorship: (Sinn) Weakley & D.B.Poind.

codes: TEN VRG

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 258 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Sinn

published_in: Phytotaxa 224(1): 92

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-contractum

scientific: Asarum contractum

authorship: (H.L.Blomq.) Barringer

epithet: contractum

preferred: North Fork heartleaf

Asarum rhombiformis

authorship: (Gaddy) Sinn

Hexastylis rhombiformis

authorship: Gaddy

codes: KTY NCA SCA TEN VRG

Kentucky

code: KTY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (H.L.Blomq.) Barringer

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HERH

license: public domain


slug: asarum-europaeum

scientific: Asarum europaeum

authorship: L.

epithet: europaeum

preferred: European wild ginger

source: wikidata

Asarum europaeum f. patens

authorship: Domin

Asarum europaeum f. pseudocapsicum

authorship: Pawł.

Asarum europaeum var. andreanszkyi

authorship: Pénzes

Asarum europaeum var. romanicum

authorship: Kukkonen & Uotila

Asarum italicum

authorship: (Kukkonen & Uotila) Landolt

Asarum lucidum

authorship: Salisb.

Asarum officinale

authorship: Moench

Asarum renifolium

authorship: Stokes

Asarum reniforme

authorship: Gilib.

codes: ALT KAZ KRA NCS TCS TUR WSB ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE RUE FIN FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG RUN RUW POL ROM RUS SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2044 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Копытень европейский

names:
Gewöhnliche Haselwurz
Europaeische Haselwurz

names:
Копитняк європейський
Підгорішник

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris


slug: asarum-harperi

scientific: Asarum harperi

authorship: (Gaddy) Diamond

epithet: harperi

Asarum shuttleworthii var. harperi

authorship: (Gaddy) Barringer

Hexastylis harperi

authorship: (Gaddy) B.R.Keener & L.J.Davenp.

codes: ALA GEO MSI

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Georgia

code: GEO

Mississippi

code: MSI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Gaddy) Diamond

published_in: Phytoneuron 2016-9: 1

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-hartwegii

scientific: Asarum hartwegii

epithet: hartwegii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  10: 346 (1875)

preferred: Hartweg's wildginger

Asarum hookeri var. majus

authorship: Duch.

Asarum majus

authorship: (Duch.) Coville

codes: CAL ORE

California

code: CAL

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1303 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Копытень Гартвега

value: woody

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 346


slug: asarum-heterophyllum

scientific: Asarum heterophyllum

authorship: Ashe

epithet: heterophyllum

published_in: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc.  14: 33 (1897)

preferred: variableleaf heartleaf

Hexastylis heterophylla

authorship: (Ashe) Small

codes: ALA GEO KTY NCA SCA TEN VRG WVA

Kentucky

code: KTY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1030 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Ashe

published_in: Bot. Contr. My Herb. no. 1: 3

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HEHE12


slug: asarum-hypogynum

scientific: Asarum hypogynum

authorship: Hayata

epithet: hypogynum

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan.  5: 144 (1915)

name: Asarum grandiflorum var. colocasiifolium

Heterotropa hayatana f. colocasiifolia

authorship: (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 153 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 下花細辛 下花细辛

authors: Hayata

published_in: Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 144

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-lemmonii

scientific: Asarum lemmonii

epithet: lemmonii

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts  14: 294 (1879)

preferred: Lemmon's wildginger

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 294

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-lewisii

scientific: Asarum lewisii

authorship: Fernald

epithet: lewisii

preferred: Lewis' heartleaf

Hexastylis lewisii

authorship: (Fernald) H.L.Blomq. & Oosting

codes: NCA VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 108 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Fernald

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HELE2

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-macranthum

scientific: Asarum macranthum

epithet: macranthum

Heterotropa macrantha

authorship: (Hook.f.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 360 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 大花細辛 大花细辛


slug: asarum-marmoratum

scientific: Asarum marmoratum

authorship: Piper

epithet: marmoratum

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington  29: 99 (1916)

preferred: marbled wildginger

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 246 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
marbled wildginger
marbled wild-ginger

authors: Piper

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 99

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-minus

scientific: Asarum minus

epithet: minus

preferred: dwarfflower heartleaf

Asarum naniflorum

authorship: (H.L.Blomq.) Sinn

Hexastylis minor

authorship: (Ashe) Blomq.

codes: NCA SCA VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1615 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Contr. My Herb. 1: 2, 3

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HENA3


slug: asarum-nipponicum

scientific: Asarum nipponicum

epithet: nipponicum

Asarum blumei var. albidonebulosum

authorship: Makino

Asarum kooyanum var. nipponicum

authorship: (F.Maek.) Kitam.

Heterotropa nankaiensis

authorship: (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto

Heterotropa nipponica

authorship: (F.Maek.) F.Maek.

Japan

code: JAP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: カンアオイ kan-aoi

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 570

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-reflexum

scientific: Asarum reflexum

epithet: reflexum

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club  24: 533 (1897)

Asarum ambiguum

authorship: (E.P.Bicknell) Daniels

Asarum canadense var. ambiguum

authorship: (E.P.Bicknell) Farw.

Asarum canadense var. reflexum

authorship: (E.P.Bicknell) B.L.Rob.

codes: ALA ARK CNT GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MIC MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1954 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
American Wild Ginger
Canada Snakeroot

names: asaro serpentaria

names: Копытень канадский

names: アメリカカンアオイ カナダサイシン

names:
asaret du Canada
asaret gingembre

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: asarum-shuttleworthii

scientific: Asarum shuttleworthii

authorship: Britten & Baker f.

epithet: shuttleworthii

preferred: largeflower heartleaf

Asarum grandiflorum

authorship: (Michx. ex Duch.) Small

Asarum macranthum

authorship: Small

name: Asarum shuttleworthii var. shuttleworthii

Asarum virginicum var. grandiflorum

authorship: Michx. ex Duch.

Hexastylis shuttleworthii

authorship: (Britten & Baker f.) Small

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 786 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Britton & Baker f.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HESH2

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: asarum-sieboldii

scientific: Asarum sieboldii

authorship: Miq.

epithet: sieboldii

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi  2: 134 (1865)

Asarum maculatum

authorship: Nakai

Asarum maculatum f. non-maculatum

authorship: (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim

Asarum sieboldii f. chungbuensis

authorship: C.S.Yook & J.Kim

Asarum sieboldii f. sonunsanense

authorship: (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So

Asarum sieboldii var. maculatum

authorship: (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So

Asarum sieboldii var. versicolor

authorship: Yamaki

Asarum versicolor

authorship: (Yamaki) M.Kim & S.So

authorship: (Yamaki) Y.N.Lee

Asiasarum koreanum

authorship: J.G.Kim & C.S.Yook

Asiasarum maculatum

authorship: (Nakai) F.Maek.

Asiasarum sieboldii

authorship: (Miq.) F.Maek.

Asiasarum sieboldii f. chungbuensis

authorship: C.S.Yook & J.G.Kim

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: JAP KOR CHM PRM

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

region: Russian Far East

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 189 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Safrole

activities: Anesthetic Antiaggregant Antibacterial Anticonvulsant Antiseptic CNS-Depressant CNS-Stimulant Calcium-Antagonist

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

L-asarinin

activities: Antiaggregant PAF-Inhibitor

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

names:
Seonun wild Ginger
Siebold's Wild Ginger

names: 细辛 汉城细辛

names: Копытень Зибольда

names: ウスバサイシン usuba-saishin

names: 족도리풀 jokdulibul

partners:
Luehdorfia japonica
Luehdorfia chinensis
Luehdorfia puziloi
Papilio machaon
Papilio xuthus

authors: Miq.

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 134

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-sorriei

scientific: Asarum sorriei

authorship: (Gaddy) Sinn

epithet: sorriei

preferred: Sorrie's heartleaf

Hexastylis sorriei

authorship: Gaddy

codes: NCA SCA

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 187 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Gaddy) Sinn

published_in: Phytotaxa 224(1): 95

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HESO5

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: asarum-speciosum

scientific: Asarum speciosum

authorship: (R.M.Harper) Barringer

epithet: speciosum

preferred: Harper's heartleaf

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (R.M.Harper) Barringer

published_in: Novon 3(3): 226, without exact basionym page

note: common name, checklist symbol HESP4


slug: asarum-taipingshanianum

scientific: Asarum taipingshanianum

authorship: S.F.Huang, T.H.Hsieh & T.C.Huang

epithet: taipingshanianum

Taiwan

code: TAI

names: 太平山細辛 太平山细辛

authors: S.F.Huang, T.H.Hsieh & T.C.Huang

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-tamaense

scientific: Asarum tamaense

authorship: Makino

epithet: tamaense

Heterotropa muramatsui var. tamaensis

authorship: (Makino) F.Maek.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Makino

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-tokarense

scientific: Asarum tokarense

authorship: Hatus. & Yamahata

epithet: tokarense

published_in: J. Phytogeogr. Taxon.  36: 5 (1988)

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

authors: Hatus. ex Hatus. & Yamahata

published_in: J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36(1): 5 (1988)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asarum-virginicum

scientific: Asarum virginicum

authorship: L.

epithet: virginicum

preferred: Virginia heartleaf

Asarum grandiflorum

authorship: Klotzsch

Asarum macanthum

authorship: Small

Asarum maculosum

authorship: Stokes

Asarum memmingeri

authorship: Ashe

Asarum virginianum

authorship: Crantz

Heterotropa virginica

authorship: (L.) A.Gray

Hexastylis virginica

authorship: (L.) Small

codes: KTY MRY NCA TEN VRG WVA

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1302 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

authors: L.

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol HEVI3

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form


slug: ascarina-lucida

scientific: Ascarina lucida

genus: Ascarina

epithet: lucida

family: Chloranthaceae

preferred: Hutu

codes: KER NZN NZS

Kermadec Is.

code: KER

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 498 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

partners:
Acanthisitta chloris
Aka westlandica
Anthornis melanura
Chloris chloris
Cyanoramphus auriceps
Finschia novaeseelandiae
Fringilla coelebs
Gerygone igata

published_in: Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.). 1: 228

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: aschersoniodoxa-mandoniana

scientific: Aschersoniodoxa mandoniana

authorship: (Wedd.) Gilg & Muschl.

genus: Aschersoniodoxa

epithet: mandoniana

family: Brassicaceae

Draba mandoniana

authorship: Wedd.

Bolivia

code: BOL

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Western South America

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

climate: montane tropical

authors: Gilg & Muschl.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42(5): 469

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asclepias-adscendens

scientific: Asclepias adscendens

authorship: (Schltr.) Schltr.

genus: Asclepias

epithet: adscendens

family: Apocynaceae

Gomphocarpus adscendens

authorship: Schltr.

codes: SWZ OFS NAT LES MOZ TVL ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

region: Southern Africa

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Mozambique

code: MOZ

region: South Tropical Africa

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 38 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Schltr.

reason: Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asclepias-albens

scientific: Asclepias albens

authorship: (E.Mey.) Schltr.

epithet: albens

published_in: Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 5 (1896)

Gomphocarpus albens

authorship: (E.Mey.) Decne.

Xysmalobium albens

authorship: (E.Mey.) D.Dietr.

codes: CPP SWZ OFS NAT MOZ TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 269 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: idoyi ishongwe

partners:
Catacroptera cloanthe cloanthe
Danaus chrysippus orientis
Eurema brigitta brigitta

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5, Beibl. 54): 5


slug: asclepias-albicans

scientific: Asclepias albicans

epithet: albicans

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 59 (1889)

preferred: White-Stem Milkweed

english:
White-Stem Milkweed
giant cane milkweed
wax milkweed
whitestem milkweed

codes: ARI CAL MXN

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1135 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
giant cane milkweed
wax milkweed

names: jumete matacandelilla

partners:
Aphis nerii
Danaus gilippus
Danaus plexippus
Pepsinae

partners:
Apis mellifera
Danaus gilippus

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 59


slug: asclepias-amplexicaulis

scientific: Asclepias amplexicaulis

authorship: Sm.

epithet: amplexicaulis

published_in: Nat. Hist. Lepidopt. Georgia 1: 13 (1797)

preferred: clasping milkweed

source: inat

Asclepias gladewitzii

authorship: Farw.

Asclepias obtusifolia

authorship: Michx.

Asclepias purpurascens

authorship: Walter

Asclepias rotundifolia

authorship: Raf.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1957 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Megachile brevis
Anthophora abrupta
Anthophora walshii
Apis mellifera
Ectemnius dilectus
Euphyes bimacula
Papilio palamedes

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Ectemnius dilectus
Euphyes bimacula

published_in: Nat. Hist. Lepidopt. Georgia 1: 13 (-14; t. 7)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: asclepias-angustifolia

scientific: Asclepias angustifolia

authorship: Schweigg.

epithet: angustifolia

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Regiom. : 13 (1812)

preferred: Arizona milkweed

Asclepias angustifolia

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Asclepias linifolia

authorship: Lag. ex Spreng.

Asclepias rubricaulis

authorship: Kunth

Asclepias virgata

authorship: Balb.

codes: ARI MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 367 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Arizona milkweed
inmortal

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Halictidae
Lycus fernandezi
Neoalbertia constans
Phocides urania
Pygodasis ephippium

label: Visited by

authors: Schweigg.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Regiom. 13

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ASAN5


slug: asclepias-arenaria

scientific: Asclepias arenaria

authorship: Torr.

epithet: arenaria

preferred: sand milkweed

codes: COL KAN MXE NEB NWM OKL SDA TEX WYO

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Kansas

code: KAN

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 461 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: Torr.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 162


slug: asclepias-asperula

scientific: Asclepias asperula

authorship: (Decne.) Woodson

epithet: asperula

published_in: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 193 (1954)

preferred: Antelopehorn Milkweed

english:
Antelopehorn Milkweed
spider milkweed

Acerates asperula

authorship: Decne.

Anantherix decumbens

authorship: Nutt.

Asclepias asperula var. decumbens

authorship: (Nutt.) Shinners

Asclepias capricornu

authorship: Woodson

name: Asclepias capricornu subsp. occidentalis

Asclepias decumbens

authorship: (Nutt.) K.Schum.

Asclepiodora asperula

authorship: (Decne.) E.Fourn.

Asclepiodora decumbens

authorship: (Nutt.) A.Gray

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA KAN MXE MXN NEB NEV NWM OKL TEX UTA

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1974 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Asclepias speciosa

slug: asclepias-speciosa

names:
spider milkweed
Antelope Horns

names: Azee’ła’dilt’éhé Iiłkoohi

partners:
Anthophora
Asclepias asperula capricornu
Cecropterus pylades
Danaus plexippus
Echinargus isola
Euphyes vestris
Glyphipterix circumscriptella
Hesperia pahaska

partners:
Xylocopa californica
Apis mellifera
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus sonorus
Danaus gilippus
Danaus plexippus
Eichlinia calabaza

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Anthophora walshii
Apis mellifera
Bombus fraternus
Bombus sonorus
Danaus gilippus
Eichlinia calabaza
Euodynerus annulatus


slug: asclepias-aurea

scientific: Asclepias aurea

authorship: (Schltr.) Schltr.

epithet: aurea

Aidomene parvula

authorship: Stopp

Gomphocarpus aureus

authorship: Schltr.

codes: ANG CPP ZAI SWZ OFS NAT LES NAM TVL ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 167 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Height

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asclepias-brachystephana

scientific: Asclepias brachystephana

authorship: Engelm. ex Torr.

epithet: brachystephana

preferred: bract milkweed

codes: ARI MXE MXN MXS NWM TEX

Arizona

code: ARI

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

New Mexico

code: NWM

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 573 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bract milkweed
short-crowned milkweed

authors: Engelm. ex Torr.

published_in: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 163


slug: asclepias-brevicuspis

scientific: Asclepias brevicuspis

authorship: (E.Mey.) Schltr.

epithet: brevicuspis

published_in: Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 6 (1896)

Gomphocarpus brevicuspis

authorship: (E.Mey.) D.Dietr.

codes: CPP NAT TVL

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asclepias-brevipes

scientific: Asclepias brevipes

epithet: brevipes

codes: OFS TVL

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: asclepias-californica

scientific: Asclepias californica

authorship: Greene

epithet: californica

preferred: California milkweed

Gomphocarpus tomentosus

authorship: (Torr.) A.Gray

Gomphocarpus torreyi var. xanti

authorship: (A.Gray) J.F.Macbr.

California

code: CAL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1455 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
California milkweed
round-hood milkweed

partners: Apoidea Coleoptera Diptera Lepidoptera

partners:
Bombus crotchii
Danaus plexippus
Lygaeus kalmii
Lygaeus kalmii kalmii
Strymon melinus
Strymon saepium
Trichodes ornatus
Xylocopa californica

partners:
Aphis nerii
Lygaeus kalmii
Polistes dominula

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Bombus crotchii

authors: Greene

published_in: Erythea 1: 92

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.