slug: leuenbergeria-lychnidiflora

scientific: Leuenbergeria lychnidiflora

authorship: (DC.) Lodé

epithet: lychnidiflora

Cactus fimbriatus

authorship: Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

Cactus opuntiiflorus

authorship: Moc. & Sessé ex Pfeiff.

Opuntia pititache

authorship: (Pfeiff.) F.A.C.Weber

Pereskia autumnalis

authorship: (Eichlam) Rose

Pereskia calandriniaefolia

authorship: Hort. ex C.F.Först.

Pereskia calandriniifolia

authorship: Hort.Berol. ex Salm-Dyck

Pereskia lychnidiflora

authorship: DC.

Pereskia pititache

authorship: Karw. ex Pfeiff.

Pereskiopsis autumnalis

authorship: Eichlam

Pereskiopsis opuntiiflora

authorship: (DC.) Britton & Rose

Pereskiopsis pititache

authorship: (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose

Rhodocactus autumnalis

authorship: (Eichlam) F.M.Knuth

Rhodocactus conzattii

authorship: (Britton & Rose) Backeb.

Rhodocactus lychnidiflorus

authorship: (DC.) F.M.Knuth

codes: MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

region: Mexico

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 356 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: ツキノサバク（月の砂漠）

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (DC.) Lodé

published_in: Cact.-Avent. Int. 97: 27


slug: leuenbergeria-portulacifolia

scientific: Leuenbergeria portulacifolia

authorship: (L.) Lodé

genus: Leuenbergeria

epithet: portulacifolia

family: Cactaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Cactus portulacifolius

authorship: L.

Rhodocactus portulacifolius

authorship: (L.) F.M.Knuth

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

Haiti

code: HAI

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Caribbean

climate: seasonally dry tropical

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

category: Form and habit

value: woody

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: (L.) Lodé

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: leunisia-laeta

scientific: Leunisia laeta

authorship: Phil.

genus: Leunisia

epithet: laeta

family: Asteraceae

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

label: Growth habit

value: shrub

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Phil.

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: leuzea-acaulis

scientific: Leuzea acaulis

authorship: (L.) Holub

genus: Leuzea

epithet: acaulis

published_in: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(4): 391 (1973)

Centaurea chamaerhaponticum

authorship: Ball

name: Centaurea chamaerhaponticum var. chamaerhaponticum

name: Centaurea chamaerhaponticum var. ochreuleuca

authorship: Emb.

name: Centaurea chamaerhaponticum var. purpurea

authorship: Emb. & Maire

Cestrinus carthamoides

authorship: Cass.

Rhaponticum acaule var. ochroleucum

authorship: Maire

Stemmacantha acaulis

authorship: (L.) Dittrich

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

value: non-woody

authors: (L.) Holub

published_in: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(4): 391

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: leuzea-carthamoides

scientific: Leuzea carthamoides

authorship: (Willd.) DC.

epithet: carthamoides

Carduus carlinoides

authorship: Steud.

Centaurea carthamoides

authorship: Benth. & Hook.f.

Cirsium carthamoides

authorship: Link

Cnicus carthamoides

authorship: Willd.

Fornicium carthamoides

authorship: (Willd.) Kamelin

name: Fornicium carthamoides subsp. carthamoides

Halocharis carthamoides

authorship: M.Bieb. ex DC.

Leuzea altaica

authorship: Fisch. ex Schauer

Rhaponticum altaicum

authorship: (Fisch. ex Spreng.) Soskov

Rhaponticum carthamoides

authorship: (Willd.) Iljin

name: Rhaponticum carthamoides subsp. carthamoides

name: Rhaponticum carthamoides var. chamarense

authorship: (Peschkova) O.S.Zhirova

Rhaponticum chamarense

authorship: Peschkova

Serratula carthamoides

authorship: (Willd.) Poir.

Stemmacantha carthamoides

authorship: (Willd.) Dittrich

Stemmacantha chamarensis

authorship: (Peschkova) Czerep.

codes: ALT BRY IRK KAZ KRA MON NCS TVA TUR WSB CHX RUC RUE ROM RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Tuva

code: TVA

Türkiye

code: TUR

region: Western Asia

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Central European Russia

code: RUC

continent: EUROPE

region: Eastern Europe

East European Russia

code: RUE

Romania

code: ROM

region: Southeastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: perennial

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: herb

label: Height

category: Size

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: leuzea-centauroides

scientific: Leuzea centauroides

authorship: (L.) Holub

epithet: centauroides

Carduus inermis

authorship: (Willd.) Pers.

Cnicus centauroides

authorship: L.

Rhaponticum centauroides

authorship: (L.) O.Bolòs

Rhaponticum cynaroides

authorship: (DC.) Less.

Serratula cynarifolia

authorship: Poir.

Serratula cynaroides

authorship: DC.

Stemmacantha cynaroides

authorship: Cass.

codes: FRA SPA

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 48 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Melanargia galathea
Parnassius apollo
Rutpela maculata
Volucella zonaria

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: leuzea-conifera

scientific: Leuzea conifera

epithet: conifera

Centaurea pitycephala

authorship: Brot.

Rhaponticum coniferum

authorship: (L.) Greuter

codes: ALG MOR TUN BAL COR FRA ITA POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Italy

code: ITA

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1995 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Andrena amieti
Andrena hesperia
Andrena livens
Andrena pellucens
Andrena rhenana
Heriades truncorum
Hylaeus alpinus
Hylaeus bifasciatus

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Eurytoma strigifrons
Sycophila submutica

label: Life form

value: hemicryptophyte

authors: DC.

published_in: Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 4: 109


slug: leuzea-uniflora

scientific: Leuzea uniflora

epithet: uniflora

published_in: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(4): 392. (1973)

Centaurea grandiflora

authorship: Pall.

Centaurea membranacea

authorship: Lam.

Centaurea monantha

authorship: Georgi

Fornicium satzyperovii

authorship: (Soskov) Zuev

Fornicium uniflorum

authorship: (L.) Zuev

Leuzea dahurica

authorship: Bunge

Leuzea satzyperovii

authorship: (Soskov) Holub

Rhaponticum monanthum

authorship: (Georgi) Vorosch.

Rhaponticum satzyperovii

authorship: Soskov

name: Rhaponticum uniflorum subsp. satzyperovii

authorship: (Soskov) Vorosch.

Serratula uniflora

authorship: Spreng.

Stemmacantha satzyperovii

authorship: (Soskov) Czerep.

Stemmacantha uniflora

authorship: (L.) Dittrich

name: Stemmacantha uniflora subsp. satzyperovii

authorship: (Soskov) Dittrich

codes: AMU BRY CHN CHC CHS CTA CHI IRK JAP KHA KOR CHM MON PRM CHQ

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Primorye

code: PRM

Qinghai

code: CHQ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 854 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Phimenes flavopictus andamanicus
Xylocopa tranquebarorum

value: 1 m

reason: Only 24 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: levenhookia-dubia

scientific: Levenhookia dubia

authorship: Sond.

genus: Levenhookia

epithet: dubia

family: Stylidiaceae

codes: NSW SOA VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 398 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: annual

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: capsule

authors: Sond.

published_in: Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1(3): 392


slug: levenhookia-leptantha

scientific: Levenhookia leptantha

authorship: Benth.

epithet: leptantha

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Benth.

published_in: Fl. Austral. 4: 35

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: levenhookia-murfetii

scientific: Levenhookia murfetii

authorship: Lowrie & Conran

epithet: murfetii

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Lowrie & Conran

published_in: Triggerplant J. 1(2): 14

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: levenhookia-pusilla

scientific: Levenhookia pusilla

epithet: pusilla

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 573 (1810)

codes: SOA WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 555 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Midget Stylewort
Tiny Stylewort

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 573


slug: levenhookia-stipitata

scientific: Levenhookia stipitata

authorship: (Benth.) F.Muell. ex Benth.

epithet: stipitata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 203 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 4(27): 94


slug: levisticum-officinale

scientific: Levisticum officinale

genus: Levisticum

epithet: officinale

family: Apiaceae

published_in: Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 101 (1824)

preferred: garden lovage

source: wikidata

Angelica levisticum

authorship: (L.) All.

Angelica paludapifolia

authorship: Lam.

Hipposelinum levisticum

authorship: Britton & Rose

Levisticum caucasicum

authorship: Lipsky

Levisticum paludapifolium

authorship: Asch.

Levisticum persicum

authorship: Freyn & Bornm.

Levisticum vulgare

authorship: Rchb.

authorship: Hill

Ligusticum levisticum

authorship: L.

Selinum levisticum

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

codes: AFG IRN

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Iran

code: IRN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 194 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Butyl-phthalide

activities: Antiarrhythmic Anticonstrictive Antiprostaglandin Antispasmodic Antiuterocontractant Fungicide Myorelaxant Pesticide

Butylidene-phthalide

activities: Acaricide Antianginal Antiarrhythmic Anticonstrictive Antiinflammatory Antiplatelet Antispasmodic Arteriodilator

Hexanol

activities: Antiseptic FLavor Pesticide

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
garden lovage
Lovage

names:
Apio de monte
apio de montaña

names:
欧当归
ou dang gui

names: erva-maggi levístico

names: ljubistok Любисток

names: Garten-Liebstöckel Liebstoeckel

names:
Ache de montagne
Ache des montagnes

names: Любисток лікарський

names: Fårtunga Gullört

names: Λεβιστικόν το φαρμακευτικόν

names:
libeček lékařský
libe

names:
Almindelig Mahonie
Krummhals

names: liperi Mahonia

names:
Orvosi lestyán
lestyán

partners:
Andrena alutacea
Andrena ampla
Andrena floricola
Andrena nitidiuscula
Andrena nuptialis
Andrena pallitarsis
Andrena proxima
Andrena rosae

partners:
Acalymma vittatum
Allograpta obliqua
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus catskill
Ancistrocerus unifasciatus
Anthrenus fuscus
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Augochlora pura

partners:
Papilio polyxenes
Puccinia bornmuelleri
Ramularia heraclei
Syrphus opinator

partners:
Euleia heraclei
Papilio polyxenes
Aphis fabae
Cavariella aegopodii
Chorebus armida
Dysaphis apiifolia
Hyadaphis foeniculi
Hylaeus pictipes

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Flowering months

published_in: Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 101, f. 41

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: lewinskya-acuminata

scientific: Lewinskya acuminata

authorship: (H.Philib.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

genus: Lewinskya

epithet: acuminata

family: Orthotrichaceae

Dorcadionella acuminata

authorship: (H.Philib.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Orthotrichum affine subsp. acuminatum

authorship: (H.Philib.) Kindb.

name: Orthotrichum octoblepharis subsp. acuminatum

authorship: (H.Philib.) Podp.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: lewinskya-affinis

scientific: Lewinskya affinis

authorship: (Brid.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

epithet: affinis

preferred: orthotrichum moss

source: usda

Bryum affine

authorship: (Brid.) J.F.Gmel. ex Brot.

Bryum semivacuum

authorship: Brid.

Dorcadion affine

authorship: (Brid.) Lindb.

Dorcadionella affinis

authorship: (Brid.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Dorcadionella affinis var. bohemica

authorship: (Plášek & Sawicki) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Lewinskya affinis var. bohemica

authorship: (Plášek & Sawicki) Plášek

Orthotrichum affine

authorship: Schwägr.

Orthotrichum affine f. lutescens

authorship: Grönvall

Orthotrichum affine var. bohemicum

authorship: Plášek & Sawicki

Orthotrichum affine var. densum

authorship: Venturi

Orthotrichum affine var. majus

authorship: Hook. & Taylor

Orthotrichum affine var. octoblepharis

authorship: (Brid.) Brid.

Orthotrichum alpestre

authorship: Wilson

Orthotrichum bequaertii

authorship: Thér. & Naveau

Orthotrichum kingianum

authorship: Lesq.

Orthotrichum laevigatum var. kingianum

authorship: (Lesq.) Grout

Sphagnum semivacuum

authorship: P.Beauv. ex Paris

Splachnum semivacuum

authorship: (Brid.) P.Beauv.

Weissia octoblepharis

authorship: (Brid.) Roth

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 873 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Левинския близкая
Ортотрихум близкий

names:
Boshaarmuts
Gewone haarmuts

names: Левінскія споріднена

names:
stor strimhättemossa
strimhättemossa

names: לווינסקיה יערית

value: nonvascular

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ORAF

license: public domain


slug: lewinskya-elegans

scientific: Lewinskya elegans

authorship: (Schwägr. ex Hook. & Grev.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

epithet: elegans

Dorcadion elegans

authorship: (Schwägr. ex Hook. & Grev.) Lindb.

Dorcadionella elegans

authorship: (Schwägr. ex Hook. & Grev.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Orthotrichum elegans

authorship: Schwägr. ex Hook. & Grev.

Orthotrichum speciosum subsp. fuscum

authorship: Lindb.

Orthotrichum speciosum var. elegans

authorship: (Schwägr. ex Hook. & Grev.) Warnst.

names: Левинския грациозная


slug: lewinskya-keeverae

scientific: Lewinskya keeverae

authorship: (H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

epithet: keeverae

preferred: Keever's orthotrichum moss

Dorcadionella keeverae

authorship: (H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Orthotrichum keeverae

authorship: H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ORKE


slug: lewinskya-rupestris

scientific: Lewinskya rupestris

authorship: (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

epithet: rupestris

Dorcadion rupestre

authorship: (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Lindb.

Dorcadion rupestre var. octodentatum

authorship: Hult

Dorcadion rupestre var. sturmii

authorship: (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Lindb.

Dorcadionella rupestris

authorship: (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Orthotrichum aetnense

authorship: De Not.

Orthotrichum antarcticum

authorship: Cardot

Orthotrichum caespitosum

authorship: Herzog

Orthotrichum californicum

authorship: Venturi

Orthotrichum carinthiacum

authorship: Głow.

Orthotrichum caroli-muelleri

authorship: Molendo

Orthotrichum creticum

authorship: Baumgartner

Orthotrichum cupulatum var. sturmii

authorship: (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Hampe

Orthotrichum douglasii

authorship: Duby

Orthotrichum funckii

authorship: Brid.

Orthotrichum lebrunii

authorship: Besch.

Orthotrichum macleai

authorship: Rehmann ex Sim

Orthotrichum nivale

authorship: Spruce

name: Orthotrichum pulvinatum var. praeperistomatum

authorship: (Venturi) Sainsbury

Orthotrichum rupestre

authorship: Schleich. ex Schwägr.

Orthotrichum rupestre f. altovadiense

authorship: (Schiffn.) C.E.O.Jensen

Orthotrichum rupestre f. franzonianum

authorship: (De Not.) Mönk.

Orthotrichum rupestre f. humile

authorship: Vilh.

Orthotrichum rupestre f. lamelliferum

authorship: (Culm.) C.E.O.Jensen

Orthotrichum rupestre f. latifolium

authorship: (Herzog) Podp.

Orthotrichum rupestre f. nudum

authorship: Warnst.

Orthotrichum rupestre f. rupincola

authorship: (Funck) Mönk.

Orthotrichum rupestre f. sehlmeyeri

authorship: (Bruch ex Brid.) Mönk.

name: Orthotrichum rupestre subsp. caespitosum

name: Orthotrichum rupestre subsp. erythrodontium

authorship: (J.J.Amann) Podp.

name: Orthotrichum rupestre subsp. franzonianum

authorship: (De Not.) Podp.

Orthotrichum rupestre subsp. franzonii

authorship: Kindb.

Orthotrichum rupestre subsp. ovatum

authorship: (Venturi) Broth.

Orthotrichum rupestre subsp. sturmii

authorship: (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Boulay

Orthotrichum rupestre var. acutum

authorship: Grönvall

Orthotrichum rupestre var. aetnense

authorship: (De Not.) Venturi

Orthotrichum rupestre var. altovadiense

authorship: Schiffn.

Orthotrichum rupestre var. bauerianum

authorship: (Schiffn.) Podp.

Orthotrichum rupestre var. carinthiacum

authorship: (Głow.) Podp.

name: Orthotrichum rupestre var. erythrodontium

name: Orthotrichum rupestre var. erythrostomum

Orthotrichum rupestre var. lamelliferum

authorship: Culm.

Orthotrichum rupestre var. macfaddeniae

authorship: (R.S.Williams) Grout

Orthotrichum rupestre var. macrosporum

authorship: (M.Fleisch. & Warnst.) Podp.

Orthotrichum rupestre var. nudum

authorship: (Warnst.) Podp.

Orthotrichum rupestre var. octodentatum

authorship: (Hult) Podp.

Orthotrichum rupestre var. papillosum

authorship: Lewinsky

Orthotrichum rupestre var. reticulatum

authorship: (Culm.) Podp.

Orthotrichum rupestre var. rupincola

authorship: (Funck) Huebener

Orthotrichum rupestre var. sehlmeyeri

authorship: (Bruch ex Brid.) Huebener

Orthotrichum rupestre var. sturmii

authorship: (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Jur.

Orthotrichum rupincola

authorship: Funck

Orthotrichum sehlmeyeri

authorship: Bruch ex Brid.

Orthotrichum sturmii

authorship: Hoppe & Hornsch.

Orthotrichum sturmii var. macrosporum

authorship: M.Fleisch. & Warnst.

Orthotrichum sturmii var. nudum

authorship: (Warnst.) M.Fleisch. & Warnst.

name: Orthotrichum sturmii var. septentrionale

Orthotrichum subrupestre

authorship: Thér.

Orthotrichum texanum

authorship: Sull.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 57 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Левинския скальная

names: berg-hättemossa berghättemossa

names: לווינסקיה סלעית


slug: lewinskya-speciosa

scientific: Lewinskya speciosa

authorship: (Nees) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

epithet: speciosa

preferred: lanceolateleaf rock moss

Dorcadion killiasii var. transitorium

authorship: (I.Hagen) Arnell

Dorcadion platyblepharis

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Lindb. & Arnell

Dorcadion speciosum

authorship: (Nees) Lindb.

Dorcadionella speciosa

authorship: (Nees) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Orthotrichum affine var. speciosum

authorship: (Nees) Hartm.

Orthotrichum cylindricum

authorship: Warnst.

Orthotrichum erythrostomum

authorship: Grönvall

Orthotrichum killiasii f. simplex

authorship: (J.J.Amann) J.J.Amann

name: Orthotrichum killiasii var. erythrostomum

authorship: (Grönvall) W.Krieg.

name: Orthotrichum killiasii var. macroblepharum

authorship: (Schimp.) Lindb.

name: Orthotrichum killiasii var. transitorium

Orthotrichum macroblepharum

authorship: Schimp.

Orthotrichum psilothecium

authorship: Müll.Hal. & Kindb.

Orthotrichum speciosum

authorship: Nees

Orthotrichum speciosum f. laxum

authorship: Venturi ex Hérib.

Orthotrichum speciosum f. montanum

authorship: Limpr.

Orthotrichum speciosum f. nigrescens

authorship: (T.Jensen) Podp.

Orthotrichum speciosum f. petraeum

authorship: (Brockm.) Podp.

Orthotrichum speciosum f. striatum

authorship: (Grönvall) Podp.

Orthotrichum speciosum var. amannii

authorship: (Grönvall) J.J.Amann

name: Orthotrichum speciosum var. erythrostomum

name: Orthotrichum speciosum var. macroblepharum

authorship: (Schimp.) J.J.Amann

Orthotrichum speciosum var. petraeum

authorship: Brockm.

name: Orthotrichum speciosum var. transitorium

authorship: (I.Hagen) Podp.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 917 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Showy Bristle Moss
Showy Bristle-moss

names: Ортотрихум прекрасный

names: Левінскія прекрасна

names: hättemossa trädhättemossa

names:
duskbustehette
vanlig bustehette

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ORSP6


slug: lewinskya-striata

scientific: Lewinskya striata

authorship: (Hedw.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

epithet: striata

Bryum striatum

authorship: (Hedw.) L. ex With.

Dorcadion striatum

authorship: (Hedw.) Lindb.

Dorcadionella striata

authorship: (Hedw.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Orthotrichum leiocarpum

authorship: Bruch & Schimp.

Orthotrichum leiocarpum f. densum

authorship: Venturi

Orthotrichum leiocarpum var. elongatum

authorship: Lamy

Orthotrichum leiocarpum var. rotae

authorship: De Not.

Orthotrichum polytrichoides

authorship: Trevis.

Orthotrichum striatum

authorship: Hedw.

Orthotrichum striatum f. densum

authorship: (Venturi) Demaret

Orthotrichum striatum f. laxum

authorship: (Venturi) Podp.

Orthotrichum striatum var. elongatum

authorship: (Lamy) E.Piccioli

Orthotrichum striatum var. pinetorum

authorship: (G.Roth) Podp.

Orthotrichum striatum var. rotae

authorship: (De Not.) I.Hagen

Weissia striata

authorship: (Hedw.) Schreb. ex G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 141 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Shaw's Bristle-moss
Smooth Bristle-moss

names: Левинския полосчатая

note: common name, checklist symbol ORST6


slug: lewinskya-tasmanica

scientific: Lewinskya tasmanica

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet

epithet: tasmanica

Dorcadionella tasmanica

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra

Orthotrichum campbelliae

authorship: Watts & Whitel.

name: Orthotrichum encalyptaceum var. tenuisetum

name: Orthotrichum lateciliatum var. apiculatum

authorship: Venturi ex Weymouth

Orthotrichum laterale

authorship: Hampe

Orthotrichum lawrencei

authorship: Mitt.

Orthotrichum tasmanicum

authorship: Hook.f. & Wilson

Orthotrichum tasmanicum var. parvitheca

authorship: (R.Br.bis) Lewinsky

Orthotrichum teremakauense

authorship: Paris

Ulota lateralis

authorship: (Hampe) A.Jaeger

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: lewisia-brachycalyx

scientific: Lewisia brachycalyx

authorship: Engelm. ex A.Gray

genus: Lewisia

epithet: brachycalyx

family: Montiaceae

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vii. (1868) 400.

preferred: shortsepal lewisia

Oreobroma brachycalyx

authorship: (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Howell

codes: ARI CAL MXN UTA

Arizona

code: ARI

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Utah

code: UTA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
shortsepal lewisia
short-sepal bitter-root

names: Льюисия короткочашечковая

authors: Engelm.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 400

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: lewisia-cantelovii

scientific: Lewisia cantelovii

epithet: cantelovii

preferred: Cantelow's lewisia

Lewisia serrata

authorship: Heckard & Stebbins

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 63 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cantelow's lewisia
saw-toothed lewisia

names: Льюисия Кантелоу

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 3: 139

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lewisia-columbiana

scientific: Lewisia columbiana

authorship: (Howell ex A.Gray) B.L.Rob.

epithet: columbiana

published_in: in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. i. I. 269. 1897

preferred: Columbian lewisia

Lewisia columbiana subsp. rupicola

authorship: (English) Ferris

Lewisia columbiana subsp. wallowensis

authorship: (C.L.Hitchc.) J.E.Hohn ex B.Mathew

Lewisia rupicola

authorship: English

Oreobroma columbianum

authorship: (Howell ex A.Gray) Howell

Talinum denticulatum

authorship: Poelln.

codes: BRC IDA MNT ORE WAS

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Oregon

code: ORE

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 772 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Columbian lewisia
Columbia bitterroot

authors: (Howell) B.L.Rob.


slug: lewisia-congdonii

scientific: Lewisia congdonii

authorship: (Rydb.) S.Clay

epithet: congdonii

published_in: Present-Day Rock Garden : 340 (1937)

preferred: Congdon's lewisia

Lewisia columbiana subsp. congdonii

authorship: (Rydb.) Ferris

Oreobroma congdonii

authorship: Rydb.

authors: (Rydb.) S.Clay

published_in: Present-Day Rock Gard. 340 (introd. xx)


slug: lewisia-cotyledon

scientific: Lewisia cotyledon

authorship: (S.Watson) B.L.Rob.

epithet: cotyledon

preferred: Siskiyou lewisia

english:
Siskiyou lewisia
cliff maids.

Lewisia cotyledon var. purdyi

authorship: Jeps.

Lewisia finchiae

authorship: Purdy

Lewisia heckneri

authorship: (C.V.Morton) R.B.Sm.

Lewisia purdyi

authorship: (Jeps.) Gabrielson

Oreobroma cotyledon

authorship: (S.Watson) Howell

codes: CAL ORE

lifeform: semisucculent perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 414 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cliff maids.
Siskiyou lewisia

names: Льюисия котиледон

authors: (S.Watson) B.L.Rob.

published_in: Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1, pt. 1: 268


slug: lewisia-disepala

scientific: Lewisia disepala

epithet: disepala

preferred: Yosemite bitterroot

english:
Yosemite bitterroot
Yosemite lewisia

names:
Yosemite bitterroot
Yosemite lewisia

authors: Rydb.


slug: lewisia-kelloggii

scientific: Lewisia kelloggii

epithet: kelloggii

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 4: 88 (1894)

preferred: Kellogg's lewisia

Lewisia kelloggii subsp. hutchisonii

authorship: Dempster

Oreobroma kelloggii

authorship: (K.Brandegee) Rydb.

Oreobroma yosemitanum

authorship: (Jeps.) Rydb.

codes: CAL IDA

published_in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 4: 88

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lewisia-leeana

scientific: Lewisia leeana

authorship: (Porter) B.L.Rob.

epithet: leeana

preferred: quill-leaf lewisia

Oreobroma leeanum

authorship: (Porter) Howell

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 341 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
quill-leaf lewisia
quill-leaved lewisia

authors: (Porter) B.L.Rob.

published_in: Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1, pt. 1: 269

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lewisia-longipetala

scientific: Lewisia longipetala

authorship: (Piper) S.Clay

epithet: longipetala

published_in: Present-Day Rock Garden : 341 (1937)

preferred: Truckee lewisia

Calandrinia longipetala

authorship: (Piper) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Lewisia pygmaea subsp. longipetala

authorship: (Piper) Ferris

Oreobroma longipetalum

authorship: Piper

names:
Truckee lewisia
long-petaled lewisia

authors: (Piper) S.Clay

published_in: Present-Day Rock Gard. 341 (introd. xx)

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: lewisia-maguirei

scientific: Lewisia maguirei

epithet: maguirei

preferred: Maguire's lewisia

Nevada

code: NEV

published_in: Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 136

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: lewisia-nevadensis

scientific: Lewisia nevadensis

authorship: (A.Gray) B.L.Rob.

epithet: nevadensis

preferred: Nevada lewisia

Lewisia bernardina

authorship: Davidson

Lewisia pygmaea var. nevadensis

authorship: (A.Gray) Fosberg

Oreobroma nevadense

authorship: (A.Gray) Howell

codes: ARI CAL COL IDA NEV NWM ORE UTA WAS

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 347 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Nevada lewisia
Nevada bitter-root

names: Льюисия невадская

authors: (A.Gray) B.L.Rob.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: lewisia-oppositifolia

scientific: Lewisia oppositifolia

authorship: (S.Watson) B.L.Rob.

epithet: oppositifolia

preferred: oppositeleaf lewisia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
oppositeleaf lewisia
opposite-leaved lewisia


slug: lewisia-pygmaea

scientific: Lewisia pygmaea

epithet: pygmaea

preferred: alpine lewisia

Calandrinia grayi

authorship: Britton

Lewisia glandulosa

authorship: (Rydb.) Dempster

Lewisia pygmaea subsp. glandulosa

authorship: (Rydb.) Ferris

Lewisia pygmaea var. aridorum

authorship: Bartlett

Lewisia sierrae

authorship: Ferris

Oreobroma exarticulatum

authorship: (H.St.John) Rydb.

Oreobroma glandulosum

authorship: Rydb.

Oreobroma grayi

authorship: (Britton) Rydb.

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MNT NEV NWM ORE UTA WAS WYO YUK

Alberta

code: ABT

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

region: Subarctic America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1056 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
alpine lewisia
Alpine Bitterroot

names: Льюисия карликовая

names:
léwisie naine
racine-amère naine

partners:
Trichogramma
Trichogramma evanescens


slug: lewisia-rediviva

scientific: Lewisia rediviva

authorship: Pursh

epithet: rediviva

preferred: Bitterroot

english:
Bitterroot
bitter root

source: inat

Lewisia alba

authorship: Kellogg

Lewisia rediviva subsp. minor

authorship: (Rydb.) A.H.Holmgren

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MNT NEV ORE UTA WAS WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1950 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
bitter root
Oregon bitter-root

names: 繁瓣花 苦根露薇花

names: Льюизия оживающая

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Andrena lawrencei
Andrena transnigra
Andrena vierecki
Apoidea
Ceratina nanula
Ceratina pacifica
Cortodera subpilosa

partners:
Agapostemon texanus
Halictus tripartitus
Lasioglossum
Agapostemon
Andrena lawrencei
Andrena pallidifovea
Andrena transnigra
Andrena vierecki

partners:
Bombus centralis
Bombus vancouverensis nearcticus
Mitoura gryneus

partners:
Bombus huntii
Mitoura gryneus
Proserpinus clarkiae

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

source: derived from USDA NRCS plant guide

quote: This perennial herbaceous plant is found at a wide elevational range from 60 to 3000 m.

label: Phenology

quote: In May when the leaves turn yellow, stop watering

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: lewisia-tweedyi

scientific: Lewisia tweedyi

epithet: tweedyi

preferred: Tweedy's pussypaws

Cistanthe tweedyi

authorship: (A.Gray) Hershk.

Lewisiopsis tweedyi

authorship: (A.Gray) Govaerts

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: BRC WAS

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 330 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tweedy's bitterroot
Tweedy's lewisia

names: Льюизия Твиди

names:
cistanthe de Tweedy
léwisie de Tweedy

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol CITW2


slug: leycesteria-formosa

scientific: Leycesteria formosa

authorship: Wall.

genus: Leycesteria

epithet: formosa

family: Caprifoliaceae

published_in: Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 2: 182. 1824

preferred: Himalayan honeysuckle

Hamelia connata

authorship: Wall. ex DC.

Leycesteria formosa var. brachysepala

authorship: Airy Shaw

name: Leycesteria formosa var. glandulosissima

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: CHC CHT ASS EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2031 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 夜吹箫 空心木

names: Лейцестерия красивая

names:
Arbre aux faisans
Chèvrefeuille de l'Himalaya

names: Лејцестерија

names: Хималайски орлови нокти

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

partners:
Bombus pascuorum
Apis mellifera
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus ruderatus
Lampides boeticus
Pieris brassicae azorensis

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Erithacus rubecula
Fringilla coelebs
Pyrrhula murina
Regulus regulus
Sylvia atricapilla
Turdus merula

partners:
Abia fasciata
Anthornis melanura
Carduelis carduelis
Diaporthe leycesteriae
Erithacus rubecula
Fringilla coelebs
Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Pyrrhula murina

source: GIFT

value: phanerophyte

value: 3 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen


slug: leymus-arenarius

scientific: Leymus arenarius

authorship: (L.) Hochst.

genus: Leymus

epithet: arenarius

family: Poaceae

preferred: lyme-grass

english:
lyme-grass
sand ryegrass

Elymus arenarius

authorship: L.

Elymus arenarius f. cristatus

authorship: Holmb.

Elymus arenarius f. ramosus

authorship: Neuman

Elymus arenarius var. geniculatus

authorship: (Curtis ex Sm.) Hartm.

Elymus arenarius var. leopolensis

authorship: Zapał.

Elymus arenarius var. macrostachyus

authorship: Andersson

Elymus arenarius var. minor

authorship: Lange

Elymus arenarius var. multiflorus

authorship: Hallier

Elymus arenarius var. triticoides

authorship: Blytt

Elymus geniculatus

authorship: Curtis ex Sm.

authorship: Curtis

Frumentum arenarium

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

Hordeum arenarium

authorship: (L.) Asch.

Hordeum villosum

authorship: Moench

Triticum arenarium

authorship: (L.) F.Herm.

codes: BLR BGM RUC DEN FIN FRA FOR GER GRB GRC ICE IRE NET RUN RUW NOR POL SPA SWE UKR

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

region: Middle Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Denmark

code: DEN

region: Northern Europe

Finland

code: FIN

France

code: FRA

Føroyar

code: FOR

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

Greece

code: GRC

Iceland

code: ICE

Ireland

code: IRE

Netherlands

code: NET

North European Russia

code: RUN

Northwest European Russia

code: RUW

Norway

code: NOR

Poland

code: POL

Spain

code: SPA

Sweden

code: SWE

Ukraine

code: UKR

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1934 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
lyme-grass
sand ryegrass

names:
Волоснец песчаный
Колосняк песчаный

names: Leyme des sables, Seigle de mer, Grand Oyat, Élyme des sables

names: Колосняк пісковий

partners:
Ursus maritimus
Anthostomella arenaria
Anthostomella chionostoma
Apiospora montagnei
Arthrinium phaeospermum
Cervidae
Coniothyrium psammae
Hohenbuehelia culmicola

partners:
Puccinia elymi
Blumeria graminis
Claviceps purpurea
Ustilago hypodytes

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.


slug: leymus-cinereus

scientific: Leymus cinereus

authorship: (Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve

epithet: cinereus

preferred: basin wildrye

Aneurolepidium piperi

authorship: (Bowden) B.R.Baum

Elymus cinereus

authorship: Scribn. & Merr.

Elymus cinereus var. pubens

authorship: (Piper) C.L.Hitchc.

Elymus condensatus f. pubens

authorship: (Piper) H.St.John

Elymus condensatus var. pubens

authorship: Piper

Elymus piperi

authorship: Bowden

codes: ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MIN MNT NEB NEV NWM ORE SAS SDA UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Minnesota

code: MIN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1095 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names:
basin wildrye
Great Basin lymegrass

partners:
Puccinia graminis
Puccinia recondita
Puccinia striiformis
Septoria

value: graminoid

quote: Basin wildrye is a large, coarse, robust, perennial bunchgrass.

quote: 3 to 6 feet tall (10 feet under excellent soil and climate conditions)

quote: produces an abundance of basal leaf growth until the development of seed heads in mid-June to mid-July.

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.


slug: leymus-condensatus

scientific: Leymus condensatus

authorship: (J.Presl) Á.Löve

epithet: condensatus

preferred: giant wildrye

Aneurolepidium condensatum

authorship: (J.Presl) Nevski

codes: CAL MXE MXN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
giant wildrye
giant ryegrass

partners:
Apamea cuculliformis
Ctenucha brunnea
Mammifrontia rileyi

partners:
Blumeria graminis
Claviceps purpurea
Cylindrosporium infuscans
Heterosporium avenae
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudoseptoria donacis
Puccinia graminis
Puccinia montanensis

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

label: Woodiness

label: Growth form

value: Rhizomatous

value: Multiple Stem

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

value: deciduous

label: Foliage colour

value: dark green

label: Flower colour

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: leymus-flavescens

scientific: Leymus flavescens

authorship: (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pilg.

epithet: flavescens

preferred: yellow wildrye

source: wikidata

Elymus arenicola

authorship: Scribn. & J.G.Sm.

codes: ABT IDA MNT ORE UTA WAS

Alberta

code: ABT

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

names:
yellow wildrye
Dune Wildrye

partners:
Pseudoseptoria donacis
Puccinia recondita
Scolecotrichum graminis

label: Growth habit

value: geophyte

label: Height

value: green

label: Life cycle

value: perennial

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: leymus-innovatus

scientific: Leymus innovatus

authorship: (Beal) Pilg.

epithet: innovatus

preferred: downy ryegrass

Agroelymus hirtiflorus

authorship: (Hitchc.) Bowden

Agroelymus ontariensis

authorship: Lepage

Elyleymus hirtiflorus

authorship: (Hitchc.) Barkworth

Elymus hirtiflorus

authorship: Hitchc.

Elymus innovatus

authorship: Beal

Elymus innovatus f. glabratus

authorship: (Bowden) B.Boivin

Elymus innovatus f. velutinus

authorship: (Bowden) Hultén ex Roy L.Taylor & MacBryde

Leymus innovatus subsp. velutinus

authorship: (Bowden) Tzvelev

Leymus velutinus

authorship: (Bowden) Á.Löve & D.Löve

codes: ASK ABT BRC COL MAN MNT NWT ONT SAS SDA WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Manitoba

code: MAN

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Yukon

code: YUK

names:
downy ryegrass
Northwestern Wildrye

value: herb

value: non-woody

label: Life form

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: leymus-mollis

scientific: Leymus mollis

authorship: (Trin.) Pilg.

epithet: mollis

preferred: American Dunegrass

english:
American Dunegrass
American Lyme Grass
American dunegrass
Sea Lymegrass

Elyleymus aleuticus

authorship: (Hultén) B.R.Baum

Elyleymus uclueletensis

authorship: (Bowden) B.R.Baum

Elymus aleuticus

authorship: Hultén

Elymus ampliculmis

authorship: Prov.

Elymus arenarius f. compositus

authorship: Abrom.

Elymus arenarius subsp. mollis

authorship: (Trin.) Hultén

Elymus arenarius var. brevispicus

authorship: (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) B.Boivin

Elymus arenarius var. compositus

authorship: (Abrom.) H.St.John

Elymus arenarius var. coreensis

authorship: Hack.

Elymus arenarius var. mollis

authorship: (Trin.) Koidz.

Elymus capitatus

authorship: Scribn.

Elymus cladostachys

authorship: Turcz.

Elymus mollis

authorship: Trin.

Elymus mollis var. coreensis

authorship: (Hack.) Honda

Leymus arenarius subsp. mollis

authorship: (Trin.) Tzvelev

Triticum molle

authorship: (Trin.) F.Herm.

codes: CHN JAP KAM KHA KOR KUR MAG CHM MON PRM SAK ASK ABT ALU BRC CAL GNL ILL LAB MAI MAN MAS MIC NBR NWH NFL NWT NSC NUN ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE SAS WAS WIS YUK

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Magadan

code: MAG

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

California

code: CAL

Greenland

code: GNL

Illinois

code: ILL

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2019 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Seigle de Mer
élyme des sables d'Amerique

partners:
Coccinella septempunctata
Ctenucha rubroscapus

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: leymus-paboanus

scientific: Leymus paboanus

authorship: (Claus) Pilg.

epithet: paboanus

Aneurolepidium paboanum

authorship: (Claus) Nevski

Elymus dasystachys var. salsuginosus

authorship: Griseb.

Elymus glaucus var. planifolius

authorship: Regel

Elymus leucostachys

authorship: Eversm. ex Griseb.

Elymus paboanus

authorship: Claus

Elymus paboanus var. saxatilis

authorship: Melderis

Elymus salsuginosus

authorship: Turcz. ex Ledeb.

authorship: Turcz. ex Griseb.

Elymus salsuginosus var. paboanus

authorship: (Claus) Roshev.

Triticum salsuginosum

authorship: (Griseb.) F.Herm.

codes: AFG ALT BRY CHN CHI IRK KAZ KGZ MON CHQ TKM TVA UZB WSB CHX RUE RUS

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Tuva

code: TVA

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

South European Russia

code: RUS

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
毛穗赖草
mao sui lai cao

names:
Волоснец Пабо
Колосняк Пабо

label: Eaten by

label: Parasites

partners:
Claviceps purpurea
Pseudomonas syringae

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: leymus-racemosus

scientific: Leymus racemosus

authorship: (Lam.) Tzvelev

epithet: racemosus

published_in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 429 (1960)

preferred: mammoth wildrye

Elymus arenarius subsp. sabulosus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Beldie

Elymus arenarius var. giganteus

authorship: (Vahl) Schmalh.

Elymus arenarius var. sabulosus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Trevir.

Elymus attenuatus

authorship: (Griseb.) K.Richt.

Elymus giganteus

authorship: Vahl

Elymus giganteus f. crassinervius

authorship: Karav. & Kir.

Elymus giganteus f. pruinosus

authorship: Roshev.

Elymus giganteus var. crassinervius

authorship: Kar. & Kir.

Elymus giganteus var. sabulosus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Hack.

Elymus macrostachys

authorship: Spreng.

Elymus mexicanus

authorship: Cav.

Elymus racemosus

authorship: Lam.

Elymus racemosus var. sabulosus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Bowden

Elymus sabulosus var. depauperatus

authorship: Bornm.

Hordeum giganteum

authorship: (Vahl) Raspail

Leymus crassinervius

authorship: (Kar. & Kir.) Baikov & Lipin

Leymus giganteus

authorship: (Vahl) Pilg.

Leymus klokovii

authorship: (Tzvelev) Baikov & Lipin

Leymus racemosus subsp. crassinervius

authorship: (Kar. & Kir.) Tzvelev

Leymus racemosus subsp. depauperatus

authorship: (Bornm.) Soják

Leymus racemosus subsp. klokovii

authorship: Tzvelev

Leymus racemosus subsp. sabulosus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev

Leymus racemosus var. crassinervius

authorship: (Kar. & Kir.) C.Yen & J.L.Yang

Leymus racemosus var. cylindraceus

authorship: (Roshev.) C.Yen & J.L.Yang

Leymus racemosus var. sabulosus

authorship: (M.Bieb.) C.Yen & J.L.Yang

Triticum sabulosum

authorship: (M.Bieb.) F.Herm.

codes: ALT BRY KAZ KGZ KRA MON NCS TCS TKM TVA TUR UZB WSB CHX BLR BUL RUC RUE GRC KRY RUW ROM RUS TUE UKR

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Mongolia

code: MON

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Belarus

code: BLR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 586 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Волоснец кистистый

names:
Колосняк китицевидний
Колосняк чорноморський

names:
: Айғыр қияқ
Айғыр қияқ

partners:
Mesapamea secalis
Mesoligia furuncula
Mythimna impura
Photedes extrema
Pinumius areatus
Ribautodelphax fanari
Zyginidia eremita

partners:
Eridontomerus sapphyrinus
Eridontomerus syrphi
Eurytoma elymi
Tetramesa brischkei
Tetramesa riparia

partners:
Claviceps purpurea
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudoseptoria donacis
Puccinia striiformis

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

quote: Mammoth wildrye is an introduced, long-lived, rhizomatous perennial grass

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: leymus-triticoides

scientific: Leymus triticoides

authorship: (Buckley) Pilg.

epithet: triticoides

preferred: beardless wildrye

Elymus acicularis

authorship: Suksd.

Elymus condensatus var. triticoides

authorship: (Buckley) Thurb.

Elymus orcuttianus

authorship: Vasey

Elymus simplex

authorship: Scribn. & T.A.Williams

Elymus triticoides

authorship: Buckley

Elymus triticoides subsp. simplex

authorship: (Scribn. & T.A.Williams) Á.Löve

Elymus triticoides var. pubescens

authorship: Hitchc.

Elymus triticoides var. simplex

authorship: (Scribn. & T.A.Williams) Hitchc.

Leymus simplex

authorship: (Scribn. & T.A.Williams) D.R.Dewey

Leymus simplex var. luxurians

authorship: (Scribn. & T.A.Williams) Beetle

codes: ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MXE MXN MNT NEV NWM ORE TEX UTA WAS WYO

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

region: Western Canada

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Oregon

code: ORE

Texas

code: TEX

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 334 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
beardless wildrye
beardless lymegrass

label: Visited by

label: Pathogens

partners:
Claviceps purpurea
Fusarium acuminatum
Puccinia graminis
Puccinia recondita
Puccinia striiformis
Septogloeum oxysporum
Septoria elymi-europaei
Stagonospora arenaria

quote: Beardless wildrye is a cool-season, perennial, sod-forming native grass.

quote: Beardless wildrye seed matures in late spring to early summer.


slug: leysera-gnaphalodes

scientific: Leysera gnaphalodes

genus: Leysera

epithet: gnaphalodes

Asteropterus dinteri

authorship: Rothm.

Asteropterus gnaphalodes

authorship: (L.) Rothm.

Asteropterus incanus

authorship: (Thunb.) Rothm.

Callisia gnaphalodes

authorship: L.

Leysera incana

authorship: Thunb.

Leysera tenuifolia

authorship: Salisb.

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

Namibia

code: NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 306 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Dune Tortoisetea
Skilpad Teebossie

names: Geelblommetjiestee Geeltee

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Afroheriades prima
Coccophagus tropicanus
Stictopleurus scutellaris

value: shrub

value: woody

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: leysera-tenella

scientific: Leysera tenella

authorship: DC.

epithet: tenella

Asteropterus tenellus

authorship: (DC.) Rothm.

codes: BOT CPP OFS NAM

Botswana

code: BOT

Free State

code: OFS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Grey Tortoisetea
Little Tortoisetea

names: Vaalteebossie vaaltee

value: annual


slug: liabum-asclepiadeum-hemsl

scientific: Liabum asclepiadeum

authorship: Hemsl.

genus: Liabum

epithet: asclepiadeum

published_in: Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: 231 1881

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liabum-asclepiadeum-sch-bip

Liabum caliense

authorship: Hieron.

codes: MXG MXT MXS CLM COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN VEN

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: wet tropical


slug: liabum-igniarium

scientific: Liabum igniarium

authorship: Less.

epithet: igniarium

Amellus floribundus

authorship: Willd. ex DC.

Andromachia igniaria

authorship: Humb. & Bonpl.

authorship: Bonpl.

Diplostephium igniarium

authorship: Spreng.

Liabum bonplandii

authorship: Cass.

codes: CLM ECU PER

Ecuador

code: ECU

Peru

code: PER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 394 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Negas
Santa maría

authors: Less.

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-acidota

scientific: Liatris acidota

authorship: Engelm. & Gray

genus: Liatris

epithet: acidota

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. v. (1847) 218.

preferred: sharp blazing star

Lacinaria acidota

authorship: Kuntze

Liatris acidota var. vernalis

authorship: Engelm. & A.Gray

codes: LOU TEX

Louisiana

code: LOU

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 596 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
sharp blazing star
Gulf Coast gayfeather

partners:
Battus philenor
Bombus pensylvanicus
Chioides catillus
Danaus plexippus
Erynnis funeralis
Euptoieta claudia
Urbanus proteus

source: USDA PLANTS

authors: Engelm. & A.Gray

published_in: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5(2): 218


slug: liatris-aestivalis

scientific: Liatris aestivalis

authorship: G.L.Nesom & O'Kennon

epithet: aestivalis

preferred: blazing star

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 69 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: G.L.Nesom & O'Kennon

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-aspera

scientific: Liatris aspera

authorship: Michx.

epithet: aspera

preferred: rough blazing star

english:
rough blazing star
tall blazing star

Lacinaria aspera

authorship: (Michx.) Greene

Lacinaria scariosa var. intermedia

authorship: Lunell

Liatris aspera var. intermedia

authorship: (Lunell) Gaiser

Liatris aspera var. salutans

authorship: (Lunell) Shinners

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NCA NDA OHI OKL ONT SCA SDA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

North Carolina

code: NCA

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

South Carolina

code: SCA

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2046 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena
Apis
Bombus
Bombylius
Ceratina
Cynthia cardui
Danaus plexippus
Hesperiidae

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Agapostemon
Bombus affinis
Bombus auricomus
Bombus citrinus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Bombus auricomus
Bombus citrinus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus vagans
Carmenta anthracipennis

partners:
Aphis laciniariae
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Cisseps fulvicollis
Danaus plexippus
Dialictus
Erynnis baptisiae
Exoprosopa fasciata

quote: is a native warm season herbaceous perennial

quote: Rounded purplish inflorescence about 1inch to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) long crowd along the unbranched central stem

quote: Tall blazing star blooms from August to October (later than most other Liatris spp.) with individual plants blooming for about three weeks.


slug: liatris-borealis

scientific: Liatris borealis

authorship: Nutt. ex J.McNab

epithet: borealis

published_in: Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 60 (1835)

Liatris novae-angliae

authorship: (Lunell) Shinn.

authors: Nutt. ex Macnab

published_in: Edinburgh New Philos. J. xix. 60; Paxt. Mag. Bot. v. (1838) 27

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: liatris-bracteata

scientific: Liatris bracteata

authorship: Gaiser

epithet: bracteata

preferred: bracted blazing star

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Gaiser

published_in: Rhodora 48: 371

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: liatris-bridgesii

scientific: Liatris bridgesii

authorship: (Mayfield) G.L.Nesom

epithet: bridgesii

lifeform: tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 199 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Mayfield) G.L.Nesom

published_in: Phytoneuron 2021-32: 2


slug: liatris-carrizana

scientific: Liatris carrizana

authorship: (Gaiser) G.L.Nesom

epithet: carrizana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Gaiser) G.L.Nesom


slug: liatris-chapmanii

scientific: Liatris chapmanii

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: chapmanii

preferred: Chapman's blazing star

codes: ALA FLA GEO

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 429 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anartia jatrophae
Atalopedes huron
Atrytone delaware
Battus philenor
Cymaenes tripunctus
Danaus gilippus
Dione vanillae
Erynnis horatius

authors: Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2: 502


slug: liatris-cokeri

scientific: Liatris cokeri

authorship: Pyne & Stucky

epithet: cokeri

preferred: Sandhill's blazing star

codes: NCA SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sandhill's blazing star
Coker's gayfeather

authors: Pyne & Stucky


slug: liatris-compacta

scientific: Liatris compacta

authorship: Rydb.

epithet: compacta

Arkansas

code: ARK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 287 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ouachita blazing star
scaly blazing star

published_in: Brittonia 1: 98


slug: liatris-cylindracea

scientific: Liatris cylindracea

epithet: cylindracea

preferred: Ontario blazing star

Lacinaria nervata

authorship: Greene

Lacinaria squarrosa var. intermedia

authorship: (Lindl.) MacMill.

Liatris intermedia

authorship: Lindl.

Liatris marginata

authorship: Cass.

Liatris nervata

authorship: (Greene) Schumann

Liatris squarrosa var. intermedia

authorship: (Lindl.) DC.

Liatris striata

authorship: Macnab

codes: ALA ARK GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MIC MIN MSO NWY OHI OKL ONT TEN WIS

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

New York

code: NWY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1600 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Ontario blazing star
Ontario blazing-star

partners:
Bombus bimaculatus
Lepidoptera
Anthophoridae
Apinae
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus fervidus
Bombus impatiens
Bombyliidae

partners:
Cecropterus lyciades
Climaciella brunnea
Euphyes vestris
Hesperia leonardus
Hylephila phyleus
Limochores origenes
Lon zabulon

partners:
Epargyreus clarus
Euphyes vestris
Hesperia leonardus
Agapostemon splendens
Apis mellifera
Augochlora pura
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus fervidus


slug: liatris-cymosa-k-schum

scientific: Liatris cymosa

epithet: cymosa

preferred: branched blazing star

Lacinaria cymosa

authorship: Ness

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 87 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
branched blazing star
branched gayfeather

partners:
Agapostemon viridulus
Ammophila kennedyi
Apis mellifera
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus vagans
Ceratina dupla

authors: (Ness) K.Schum.

published_in: Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 27(pt. 1): 528

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-cymosa-nessel-schumann

authorship: (Nessel) Schumann

authorship: Nessel

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol LICY2

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: liatris-elegans

scientific: Liatris elegans

authorship: (Walter) Michx.

epithet: elegans

preferred: pinkscale blazing star

Eupatorium elegans

authorship: (Walter) Steud.

Eupatorium speciosum

authorship: Vent.

Lacinaria elegans

authorship: (Walter) Kuntze

Lacinaria flabellata

authorship: Small

Liatris elegans

authorship: Willd.

Liatris elegans f. flabellata

authorship: (Small) Mayfield

Liatris elegans var. flabellata

authorship: (Small) Gaiser

Liatris flabellata

authorship: (Small) Schumann

Liatris radians

authorship: Bertol.

Serratula elegans

authorship: Aiton

authorship: (Walter) Aiton f.

Staehelina elegans

authorship: Walter

codes: ALA FLA GEO MSI SCA

Mississippi

code: MSI

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 484 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pinkscale blazing star
elegant gayfeather

label: Pollinated by

partners: Apoidea Lepidoptera

value: forb/herb

quote: a native, warm season perennial forb

value: 1 m

quote: growing 2 to 3 feet tall (30-100 cm)

value: varying from white to purple

quote: tubular flowers varying from white to purple

label: Phenology

value: blooms from August to November

quote: Pinkscale blazing star blooms from August to November.

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: liatris-elegantula

scientific: Liatris elegantula

epithet: elegantula

preferred: shaggy blazing star

Lacinaria elegantula

authorship: Greene

Liatris graminifolia var. elegantula

authorship: (Greene) K.Schum.

authorship: (Greene) Gaiser

codes: ALA FLA GEO MSI

published_in: Bot. Jahresber. (Just) 29, pt. 1: 569

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol LIEL7

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-garberi

scientific: Liatris garberi

epithet: garberi

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts xv. (1880) 48.

preferred: Garber's blazing star

Lacinaria garberi

authorship: Kuntze

codes: FLA BAH

Bahamas

code: BAH

region: Caribbean

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 70 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 48

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-glandulosa

scientific: Liatris glandulosa

authorship: G.L.Nesom & O'Kennon

epithet: glandulosa

preferred: glandular blazing star

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: liatris-gracilis

scientific: Liatris gracilis

authorship: Pursh

epithet: gracilis

published_in: Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 508.

preferred: slender blazing star

Liatris lanceolata

authorship: Benol.

Liatris pauciflosculosa

authorship: Nutt.

Liatris pilosa var. gracilis

authorship: (Pursh) Nutt.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 950 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
slender blazing star
slender blazing-star

partners:
Apis mellifera
Cerceris bicornuta
Dione vanillae
Euphoria sepulcralis
Eurema daira
Exoprosopa fasciata
Papilio palamedes
Papilio polyxenes asterius

authors: Pursh

published_in: Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 508


slug: liatris-helleri

scientific: Liatris helleri

authorship: Porter

epithet: helleri

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18(5): 147 (1891)

preferred: Heller's blazing star

Lacinaria helleri

authorship: (Porter) Porter ex A.Heller

Liatris turgida

authorship: Gaiser

codes: MRY NCA VRG WVA

Maryland

code: MRY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 116 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Heller's blazing star
Heller's blazingstar

names: лиатрис Хеллера

partners:
Apoidea
Battus philenor
Bombus impatiens
Epargyreus clarus
Hymenoptera
Lepidoptera

authors: Porter

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18(5): 147


slug: liatris-hesperelegans

scientific: Liatris hesperelegans

epithet: hesperelegans

codes: ARK LOU OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

Louisiana

code: LOU

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 412 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: liatris-laevigata

scientific: Liatris laevigata

epithet: laevigata

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 285 (1840)

Lacinaria laevigata

authorship: Small

Liatris tenuifolia var. quadriflora

authorship: Chapm.

codes: FLA GEO

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
clusterleaf blazing star
shortleaf gayfeather

partners:
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus impatiens
Megachile mendica
Papilio troilus
Urbanus proteus
Anthophila
Augochloropsis sumptuosa
Lasioglossum coreopsis

partners:
Pygodasis quadrimaculata
Urbanus proteus

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 285

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-ligulistylis

scientific: Liatris ligulistylis

authorship: (A.Nelson) K.Schum.

epithet: ligulistylis

preferred: Rocky Mountain blazing star

Lacinaria herrickii

authorship: E.S.Steele ex Rydb.

Lacinaria ligulistylis

authorship: Nelson

Liatris haywardii

authorship: Rydb.

Liatris ligulistylis

authorship: (A.Nelson) Rydb.

codes: ABT COL IOW MAN MIN MNT NWM NDA SAS SDA WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Colorado

code: COL

Iowa

code: IOW

Manitoba

code: MAN

Montana

code: MNT

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1250 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Rocky Mountain blazing star
Rocky Mountain blazing-star

partners:
Speyeria aphrodite
Bombus affinis
Bombus citrinus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Hesperia leonardus
Melissodes trinodis
Argynnis hesperis

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Diabrotica cristata
Epargyreus clarus
Pholisora catullus
Polites coras

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Diabrotica cristata
Epargyreus clarus
Melissodes bimaculatus
Pholisora catullus
Polites coras

authors: (A.Nelson) K.Schum.

published_in: Bot. Jahresber. (Just) 29(1): 569


slug: liatris-microcephala

scientific: Liatris microcephala

epithet: microcephala

preferred: smallhead blazing star

codes: ALA GEO KTY NCA SCA TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

Kentucky

code: KTY

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 312 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
smallhead blazing star
small-head gayfeather

partners:
Atalopedes huron
Bombus impatiens
Cecropterus lyciades
Danaus plexippus
Lon zabulon
Phoebis sennae
Polites coras
Strymon melinus

published_in: Bot. Jahresber. (Just) 26, pt. 1: 378

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-ohlingerae

scientific: Liatris ohlingerae

authorship: (S.F.Blake) B.L.Rob.

epithet: ohlingerae

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 49. 1934

preferred: Florida blazing star

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 491 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Florida blazing star
scrub blazing star

partners:
Lasioglossum nymphale
Hesperiidae
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Pieridae

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 49


slug: liatris-oligocephala

scientific: Liatris oligocephala

epithet: oligocephala

preferred: Cahaba torch

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: liatris-patens

scientific: Liatris patens

authorship: Kral & G.L.Nesom

epithet: patens

preferred: spreading blazing star

codes: FLA GEO SCA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

authors: Kral & G.L.Nesom

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: liatris-pauciflora

scientific: Liatris pauciflora

epithet: pauciflora

preferred: fewflower blazing star

Lacinaria pauciflora

authorship: Kuntze

Liatris pauciflora var. secunda

authorship: (Elliott) D.B.Ward

Liatris secunda

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 510


slug: liatris-pilosa

scientific: Liatris pilosa

authorship: (Aiton) Willd.

epithet: pilosa

Anonymos ciliata

authorship: Walter

name: Lacinaria graminifolia var. graminifolia

Lacinaria graminifolia var. pilosa

authorship: (Aiton) Britton

Lacinaria pilosa

authorship: (Aiton) A.Heller

Liatris dubia

authorship: Barton

Liatris elegantula

authorship: (Greene) Schumann

Liatris graminifolia

authorship: Willd.

authorship: Pursh

Liatris graminifolia var. dubia

authorship: (W.P.C.Barton) A.Gray

Liatris graminifolia var. lasia

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Liatris graminifolia var. racemosa

authorship: (DC.) Venard

Liatris graminifolia var. smallii

authorship: (Britton) Fernald & Griscom

Liatris graminifolia var. virgata

authorship: (Nutt.) Fernald

Liatris pilosa var. laevicaulis

authorship: DC.

Liatris propinqua

authorship: Hook.

Liatris virgata

authorship: Nutt.

Serratula pilosa

authorship: Aiton

codes: DEL GEO MRY NWJ NCA PEN SCA VRG

Delaware

code: DEL

Maryland

code: MRY

New Jersey

code: NWJ

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 508 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
shaggy blazing star
grass-leaf gayfeather

value: Single Stem

label: Leaf retention


slug: liatris-provincialis

scientific: Liatris provincialis

epithet: provincialis

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 66: 466, fig. 1 (1961)

preferred: Godfrey's blazing star

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Woodiness

published_in: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 66: 466, fig. 1

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: liatris-punctata

scientific: Liatris punctata

epithet: punctata

preferred: dotted blazing star

Lacinaria punctata

authorship: Kuntze

Liatris cylindrica

authorship: Torr.

Liatris mucronata var. interrupta

authorship: Gaiser

Liatris punctata var. coloradensis

authorship: (Gaiser) Waterf.

codes: ABT ARK COL ILL IOW KAN LOU MAN MXE MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NWM NDA OHI OKL SAS SDA TEX WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

Illinois

code: ILL

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Manitoba

code: MAN

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1965 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
dotted blazing star
Nebraska gayfeather

partners:
Battus philenor
Hesperia leonardus pawnee
Ochlodes sylvanoides
Anastoechus barbatus
Anthophora urbana
Atrytone arogos
Bombus borealis
Bombus centralis

partners:
Antherophagus ochraceus
Anthophora californica
Anthophora walshii
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron
Bombus fraternus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus sonorus

partners:
Anthophora walshii
Atalopedes huron
Battus philenor
Bombus fraternus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus sonorus
Carmenta anthracipennis
Danaus plexippus

quote: Dotted gayfeather belongs to the composite or sunflower family (Asteraceae). Dotted gayfeather is a native long lived herbaceous forb

quote: flower corollas are small, tubular, 9 to 12 mm long and rose-purple with five pointed lobes and strap like styles protruding


slug: liatris-pycnostachya-michaux

scientific: Liatris pycnostachya

authorship: Michaux

epithet: pycnostachya

preferred: prairie blazing star

Anonymos pilosa

authorship: Walter

Chrysocoma pilosa

authorship: (Waiter) J.F.Gmelin

Lacinaria langloisii

authorship: Greene

Lacinaria macilenta

authorship: Small

Liatris hirsutissima

authorship: Poir. ex Steud.

Liatris langloisii

authorship: (Greene) Cory

Liatris linaria

authorship: Raf.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1994 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Liatris spicata

slug: liatris-spicata

species: Lythrum salicaria

slug: lythrum-salicaria

names:
Button Snakeroot
Cattail Gayfeather

partners:
Amobia distincta
Andrena salictaria
Anthocomus erichsoni
Apoidea
Arge humeralis
Bibio albipennis
Bombus campestris
Centrinus picumnus

partners:
Bombus affinis
Bombus auricomus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus vagans

partners:
Bombus citrinus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Diabrotica cristata
Lerodea eufala
Libellula needhami
Papilio troilus

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus pensylvanicus
Epargyreus clarus
Halictus ligatus
Lerodea eufala
Lon zabulon
Megachile latimanus

quote: a tall, hardy, native perennial herbaceous species

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

quote: up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) tall

label: Leaf type

value: simple

quote: narrow, dark green leaves

quote: native perennial herbaceous species

value: purple

value: magenta

quote: spectacular magenta inflorescences

label: Bloom period

value: Mid Summer

value: Flowers bloom from top down so flowering covers an extended period of time

authors: Michx.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 91


slug: liatris-pycnostachya-michx

authorship: Michx.

Liatris bebbiana

authorship: Rydb.

codes: ARK ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NDA OHI OKL PEN SDA TEX WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

names:
prairie blazing star
Button Snakeroot

quote: Thickspike gayfeather belongs to the sunflower or composite family (Asteraceae). Liatris pycnostachya is a tall, hardy, native perennial herbaceous species

quote: The species narrow, dark green leaves have a light-colored mid-rib and are alternately arranged on the stem

quote: Flower heads have 5 to 7 individual rose-purple flowers

quote: Flowers bloom from top down so flowering covers an extended period of time


slug: liatris-savannensis

scientific: Liatris savannensis

authorship: Kral & G.L.Nesom

epithet: savannensis

preferred: savanna blazing star

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol LISA9


slug: liatris-scariosa

scientific: Liatris scariosa

authorship: (L.) Willd.

epithet: scariosa

preferred: devil's bite

Lacinaria scariosa

authorship: Hill

Lacinaria scariosa var. borealis

authorship: (Nutt. ex J.McNab) Lunell

Lacinaria scariosa var. composita

authorship: Lunell

Liatris novae-angliae

authorship: (Lunell) Shinners

name: Liatris novae-angliae var. novae-angliae

Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae

authorship: (Lunell) Gandhi, S.M.Young & P.Somers

Liatris scariosa var. virginiana

authorship: (Lunell) Gaiser

Liatris varia

authorship: Banks ex Pursh

Serratula scariosa

authorship: L.

Suprago sphaerocephala

authorship: Cass.

codes: ARK CNT ILL INI MAI MRY MAS MIC MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI PEN RHO TEN VRG WVA WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Illinois

code: ILL

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

North Carolina

code: NCA

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 395 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
devil's bite
Northern Gayfeather

partners:
Ammophila kennedyi
Andrena pruni
Anoplodera pubera
Apoidea
Ceratina dupla
Ceropales robinsonii robinsonii
Epalpus signiferus
Epeolus bifasciatus

partners:
Ammophila kennedyi
Bombus pensylvanicus
Melissodes niveus
Polites coras
Andrena pruni
Anoplodera pubera
Anosia plexippus
Apis mellifera

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Bombus citrinus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Carmenta anthracipennis
Colias eurytheme
Epargyreus clarus
Vanessa cardui
Xylocopa virginica


scientific: Liatris spicata

epithet: spicata

preferred: dense blazing star

english:
dense blazing star
prairie feather

Kuhnia spicata

authorship: (L.) Baill.

Lacinaria elongata

authorship: Greene

Lacinaria spicata

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Lacinaria spicata f. resinosa

authorship: (Nutt.) Voss

Liatris macrostachya

authorship: Michaux

Liatris picta

authorship: Barton ex DC.

Liatris resinosa

authorship: Nutt.

Liatris sessiliflora

authorship: Benol.

Liatris turbinata

authorship: Sweet

Liatris vittata

authorship: (Greene) Schumann

Suprago spicata

authorship: (L.) Gaertn.

codes: ALA ARK COL CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Colorado

code: COL

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus affinis
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Xylocopa virginica
Bombus huntii
Bombus lucorum

partners:
Agapostemon virescens
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus huntii
Bombus impatiens
Bombus terricola
Ceratina mikmaqi
Glipa oculata

partners:
Atalopedes huron
Autographa precationis
Bombus affinis
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus ternarius


slug: liatris-squarrosa

scientific: Liatris squarrosa

authorship: (L.) Willd.

epithet: squarrosa

preferred: scaly blazing star

Liatris glabrata

authorship: Rydb.

Liatris hirsutiflora

authorship: Kostel.

Liatris squarrosa

authorship: (L.) Michx.

Liatris squarrosa var. compacta

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Liatris squarrosa var. hirsuta

authorship: (Rydb.) Gaiser

authorship: (Rydb.) F.C.Gates

Liatris uniflora

authorship: Raf.

Vernonia hirsutiflora

authorship: Poir.

authorship: Poiret

codes: ALA ARK DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MIC MSI MSO NEB NCA OHI OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Illinois

code: ILL

Maryland

code: MRY

Michigan

code: MIC

Missouri

code: MSO

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1689 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus griseocollis
Cecropterus lyciades
Dialictus
Hedone vibex
Hemaris thysbe
Lerema accius
Papilio glaucus
Papilio polyxenes


slug: liatris-squarrulosa

scientific: Liatris squarrulosa

authorship: Michx.

epithet: squarrulosa

preferred: Appalachian blazing star

Lacinaria earlei

authorship: Greene

Lacinaria ruthii

authorship: Alexander

Lacinaria scariosa var. squarrulosa

authorship: (Michx.) Small & Vail

Liatris scariosa var. squarrulosa

authorship: (Michx.) A.Gray

codes: ALA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MSI MSO NCA SCA TEN TEX WVA

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 926 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Battus philenor
Danaus plexippus
Dione vanillae
Lerema accius
Panoquina ocola
Problema byssus
Urbanus proteus

value: herb

value: Bunch

label: Growth rate

value: slow


slug: liatris-tenuifolia

scientific: Liatris tenuifolia

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: tenuifolia

preferred: shortleaf blazing star

Lacinaria tenuifolia

authorship: Kuntze

codes: ALA FLA GEO SCA

Florida

code: FLA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 336 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
shortleaf blazing star
Shortleaf gayfeather

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Augochlorella aurata
Bombus impatiens
Megachile albitarsis
Megachile petulans
Anthophila
Augochloropsis sumptuosa
Bombus fraternus

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Colletes longifacies

label: Growth habit

value: non-woody

published_in: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 2: 131


slug: liatris-tenuis

scientific: Liatris tenuis

authorship: Shinners

epithet: tenuis

preferred: Gulf blazing star

codes: LOU TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 52 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Gulf blazing star
Shinner's gayfeather

authors: Shinners

published_in: Southw. Naturalist 4: 208