slug: echium-simplex

scientific: Echium simplex

authorship: DC.

epithet: simplex

published_in: Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. : 108 (1813)

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tower of Jewels
pride-of-Tenerife

names:
arrebol
arrebol tajinaste

names: Синяк простой

partners:
Apis mellifera
Cyanistes teneriffae
Gallotia galloti
Phylloscopus canariensis
Serinus canaria
Sylvia atricapilla
Sylvia melanocephala
Thyreus histrionicus

value: hemicryptophyte

value: 2 m

authors: DC.

published_in: Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 108

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-strictum

scientific: Echium strictum

genus: Echium

epithet: strictum

family: Boraginaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

Echium exasperatum

authorship: Webb ex Coincy

Echium fastuosum

authorship: Salisb.

Echium foliosum

authorship: Lehm.

Echium lineatum var. gomerae

authorship: Pit.

Echium lineolatum

authorship: Webb & Berthel.

Echium molle

authorship: Poir.

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

continent: AFRICA

region: Macaronesia

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

climate: subtropical

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Anthophora alluaudi
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris canariensis
Eucera gracilipes

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: variable

label: Height

category: Size

value: 1 m

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Flower colour

category: Flowers and fruit

value: blue

label: Flowering months

value: Feb-May

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 130

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: echium-suffruticosum

scientific: Echium suffruticosum

authorship: Barratte

epithet: suffruticosum

published_in: Expl. Sci. Tunisie, Cat. Pl. : 300 (1896)

codes: ALG MOR TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

authors: Barratte

published_in: Bonnet & Barratte. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Tunis. 300 (1896)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-thyrsiflorum

scientific: Echium thyrsiflorum

authorship: Masson ex Link

epithet: thyrsiflorum

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. : 144 (1828)

Echium fastuosum

authorship: Banks ex Link

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 106 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

value: woody

value: May-Jun

authors: Masson ex Link

published_in: Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 144

reason: Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-tuberculatum

scientific: Echium tuberculatum

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

epithet: tuberculatum

preferred: bluedevil

source: usda

Echium angustifolium

authorship: Link ex Willk. & Lange

Echium hoffmannseggii

authorship: Litard.

Echium tuberculatum f. nanum

authorship: (R.Fernandes) P.Silva

Echium tuberculatum subsp. densiflorum

authorship: Cout.

Echium tuberculatum subsp. latifolium

authorship: (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: ALG LBY MOR POR SPA

Libya

code: LBY

Portugal

code: POR

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: biennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 466 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anthophila
Anthophora plumipes
Bombus ruderatus
Bombus terrestris lusitanicus
Hemaris fuciformis
Papilio machaon
Pieris rapae

value: herb

source: USDA PLANTS

value: non-woody

value: biennial

authors: Hoffmanns. & Link

published_in: Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 183

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol ECPU2

license: public domain


slug: echium-virescens

scientific: Echium virescens

epithet: virescens

published_in: Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. : 107 (1813)

Echium strictum

authorship: Lam.

Echium virescens var. angustissimum

authorship: Bolle ex Christ

Echium virescens var. candollei

authorship: Coincy

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 220 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: العربية: زهرة الأفعى

names: Синяк зеленоватый

partners:
Anthophora alluaudi
Apis mellifera
Bombus terrestris canariensis
Cyclyrius webbianus
Eucera gracilipes
Serinus canaria

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Encarsia melanostoma
Euderomphale gomer

value: Feb-Apr

label: Fruit type

value: achene

published_in: Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 107


slug: echium-vulgare

scientific: Echium vulgare

authorship: L.

epithet: vulgare

preferred: viper's-bugloss

english:
viper's-bugloss
blueweed
common viper's bugloss
viper's bugloss
vipers bugloss

source: inat

Echium anglicum

authorship: Huds.

Echium argentae

authorship: Pau

Echium asturicum

authorship: Lacaita

Echium elegans

authorship: Noë ex Nyman

Echium lacaitae

authorship: Sennen

Echium laetum

authorship: Salisb.

Echium lusitanicum

authorship: Georgi

Echium molle

authorship: Pett.

Echium monstrosum

authorship: Schmidt ex Steud.

Echium pustulatum

authorship: Sm.

Echium schifferi

authorship: Lange

Echium tuberculatum

authorship: Gilib.

Echium vaudense

authorship: Gremli

Echium violaceum

authorship: Stokes

Echium vulgare f. albiflorum

authorship: Ralph Hoffm.

Echium vulgare var. argentae

authorship: (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Echium vulgare var. grandiflorum

authorship: Bertol.

Echium vulgare var. lacaitae

authorship: (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Echium wierzbickii

authorship: Haberle ex Rchb.

codes: ALT CYP EAI IRK KAZ KGZ KRA NCS TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC COR CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUW NOR POL POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

Altay

code: ALT

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: Siberia

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Baltic States

code: BLT

region: Eastern Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Corse

code: COR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1970 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

names:
Синяк обыкновенный
sinyak obyknovenny

names:
Gemeiner Natterkopf
Gewöhnlicher Natterkopf

names: Синяк звичайний

partners:
Andrena flavipes
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus bohemicus
Bombus campestris
Bombus cryptarum
Bombus humilis
Bombus ruderarius

partners:
Andrena humilis
Anthophora quadrimaculata
Bombus hortorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus soroeensis
Lasioglossum interruptum
Megachile ligniseca
Andrena

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Actebia praecox
Actinotia radiosa
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Adelphocoris vandalicus
Adscita mannii
Aellopus atratus
Aeolothrips intermedius

quote: Blueweed is a member of the borage family (Boraginaceae).

quote: Mature plants grow one to many erect, branching flowering stems reaching over 36 inches in height.

quote: the showy flowers range in size from 0.4 to 0.8 inch. The funnel-shaped, five-lobed, pubescent flowers are typically bright blue, but may also be purple, pink, or rarely white.

value: Flowers bloom beginning in early June and continue blooming until mid-September or until the first hard frost.

quote: Bolting begins in early June for plants that meet these requirements.

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: echium-webbii

scientific: Echium webbii

authorship: Coincy

epithet: webbii

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 270 (1903)

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 81 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Vanessa annabella
Xylocopa tabaniformis orpifex

value: Mar-Apr

authors: Coincy

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. II. iii. 270

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: echium-wildpretii

scientific: Echium wildpretii

authorship: H.Pearson ex Hook.f.

epithet: wildpretii

preferred: Red bugloss

english:
Red bugloss
Red tajinaste
Tower of jewels

source: wikidata

Echium bourgaeanum var. trichosiphon

authorship: Svent.

Echium coeleste

authorship: Stapf

Echium perezii

authorship: Sprague

lifeform: biennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 826 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Tower of jewels
Red bugloss

names:
taginaste roja
tajinaste rojo

names: Синяк Вильдпрета

names:
Vipérine de Tenerife
Vipérine de Ténérife

names: Вилдпретова волчја опашка

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Anastoechus latifrons
Anthophora alluaudi
Anthrax anthrax
Apis mellifera
Eristalis tenax
Estheria simonyi
Eucera gracilipes
Hylaeus canariensis

partners:
Apis mellifera
Serinus canaria
Anthophora alluaudi
Eristalis tenax
Eucera gracilipes
Phylloscopus collybita
Anastoechus latifrons
Anthrax anthrax

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus vancouverensis vancouverensis
Icterus cucullatus
Selasphorus sasin
Vespula pensylvanica

value: 3 m

authors: H.Pearson ex Hook.f.

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)


slug: eclipta-elliptica

scientific: Eclipta elliptica

authorship: DC.

genus: Eclipta

epithet: elliptica

family: Asteraceae

Spilanthes wedelioides

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

codes: AGE BZS URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Brazil South

code: BZS

region: Brazil

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 133 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: eclipta-platyglossa

scientific: Eclipta platyglossa

epithet: platyglossa

codes: NSW NTA QLD SOA VIC WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

South Australia

code: SOA

Victoria

code: VIC

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 72 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Yellow Twin-heads
Yellow twin heads

value: annual

published_in: Fragm. (Mueller) 2(15): 135

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: eclipta-prostrata

scientific: Eclipta prostrata

epithet: prostrata

preferred: False Daisy

english:
False Daisy
false daisy

Acmella lanceolata

authorship: Link ex Spreng.

Amellus carolinianus

authorship: Walter

Anthemis abyssinica

authorship: J.Gay ex A.Rich.

Anthemis bornmuelleri var. brachyota

authorship: (Eig) Feinbrun & Fertig

Anthemis cotula

authorship: Blanco

Anthemis cotula subsp. lithuanica

authorship: (DC.) Tzvelev

Anthemis cotula var. hierosolymitana

authorship: Eig

Anthemis cotula-foetida

authorship: Crantz

Anthemis cotuloides

authorship: Raf. ex DC.

Anthemis galilaea var. hierosolymitana

authorship: (Eig) Yavin

Anthemis sulphurea

authorship: Wall. ex Nyman

Bellis racemosa

authorship: Steud.

Bellis ramosa

authorship: Jacq.

Buphthalmum diffusum

authorship: Vahl ex DC.

Chamaemelum foetidum

authorship: Baumg.

authorship: Garsault

Cotula oederi

authorship: Murray

Eclipta adpressa

authorship: Moench

Eclipta alba

authorship: (L.) Hassk.

Eclipta alba f. erecta

authorship: Hassk.

Eclipta alba f. longifolia

authorship: (Schrad.) Hassk.

Eclipta alba f. prostrata

authorship: Huber

Eclipta alba f. zippeliana

authorship: (Blume) Hassk.

Eclipta alba var. erecta

authorship: Hassl.

authorship: Miq.

Eclipta alba var. longifolia

authorship: (Schrad.) Bettfr.

Eclipta alba var. parviflora

authorship: (Wall. ex DC.) Miq.

Eclipta alba var. prostrata

authorship: (L.) Miq.

Eclipta alba var. zippeliana

authorship: (Blume) Miq.

Eclipta brachypoda

authorship: Michx.

Eclipta ciliata

authorship: Raf.

Eclipta dentata

authorship: B.Heyne ex Wall.

Eclipta erecta

authorship: L.

Eclipta erecta var. brachypoda

authorship: (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray

Eclipta erecta var. latifolia

authorship: Willd. ex Walp.

Eclipta erecta var. prostrata

authorship: (L.) Baker

Eclipta erecta var. zippeliana

authorship: (Blume) J.Kost.

Eclipta heterophylla

authorship: Bartl.

Eclipta linearis

authorship: Otto ex Sweet

Eclipta longifolia

authorship: Schrad. ex DC.

authorship: Schrad.

Eclipta marginata

authorship: Boiss.

Eclipta oederi

authorship: (Murray) Weigel

Eclipta parviflora

authorship: Wall. ex DC.

Eclipta philippinensis

authorship: Gand.

Eclipta procumbens var. brachypoda

authorship: (Michx.) A.Gray

Eclipta prostrata var. undulata

authorship: (Willd.) DC.

Eclipta spicata

authorship: Spreng.

Eclipta strumosa

authorship: Salisb.

Eclipta thermalis

authorship: Bunge

Eclipta undulata

authorship: Willd.

Eclipta zippeliana

authorship: Blume

Ecliptica alba

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Ecliptica alba var. erecta

authorship: Kuntze

Ecliptica alba var. parviflora

authorship: (Wall. ex DC.) Kuntze

Ecliptica alba var. zippeliana

authorship: (Blume) Kuntze

Eleutheranthera prostrata

authorship: (L.) Sch.Bip.

name: Eleutheranthera prostrata var. prostrata

Eupatoriophalacron album

authorship: (L.) Hitchc.

Galinsoga oblongifolia

authorship: (Hook.) DC.

Grangea lanceolata

authorship: Poir.

codes: ALA ARI ARK CAL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NWJ NWM NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS AGE AGW BAH BLZ BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLC CLN CLS CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON NIC PAN PAR PER PUE SUR TRT URU VEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Эклипта простертая

names: கரிசலாங்கண்ணி கரிசாலை

names: אל-ציצית לבנה

partners:
Eurema
Luthrodes pandava
Luthrodes pandava pandava
Parancistrocerus fulvipes
Zizeeria karsandra
Zizina otis
Icaricia lupini
Pyrisitia nise

partners:
Amsacta moorei
Heliothis peltigera
Hymenia perspectalis
Hypolimnas bolina
Luthrodes pandava
Luthrodes pandava pandava
Neopithecops zalmora
Pseudozizeeria maha

partners:
Eclipta yellow vein alphasatellite
Eclipta yellow vein virus
Synedrella leaf curl virus


slug: ectropothecium-regulare

scientific: Ectropothecium regulare

authorship: (Brid.) A.Jaeger

genus: Ectropothecium

epithet: regulare

family: Hypnaceae

published_in: Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877–78: 267. 1880.

Ectropothecium anotis

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Broth. ex Paris

Ectropothecium nanocristacastrensis

authorship: Müll.Hal. ex Renauld

Hypnum crassicaule

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Rehmann ex Paris

Hypnum cupressiforme var. regulare

authorship: Brid.

Hypnum regulare

authorship: (Brid.) Müll.Hal.

Rhaphidostegium anotis

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Paris

Stereodon cupressiformis var. regularis

authorship: (Brid.) Brid.

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: edgeworthia-chrysantha

scientific: Edgeworthia chrysantha

authorship: Lindl.

genus: Edgeworthia

epithet: chrysantha

family: Thymelaeaceae

published_in: J. Hort. Soc. London  1: 148 (1846)

preferred: Oriental paperbush

Daphne papyracia

authorship: Koehne

Daphne papyrifera

authorship: Siebold

Edgeworthia papyrifera

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Edgeworthia tomentosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Nakai

Magnolia sericea

authorship: Thunb.

Yulania tomentosa

authorship: (Thunb.) D.L.Fu

codes: CHC CHS MYA

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Myanmar

code: MYA

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

climate: temperate

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 169 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Oriental paperbush
paperbush

names: 梦花 梦花根

names: Эджвортия золотистоцветковая

names: mitsumata ミツマタ

partners:
Asclera nigrocya
Mordellistena
Nomada ginran

partners:
Aglais io
Aglais urticae
Anthophora plumipes
Apis mellifera
Bombus perplexus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Danaus plexippus
Eristalis pertinax

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Xylocopa virginica

value: shrub

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Lindl.

published_in: J. Hort. Soc. London 1(2): 148


slug: edgeworthia-gardneri

scientific: Edgeworthia gardneri

authorship: (Wall.) Meisn.

epithet: gardneri

published_in: Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg  3: 280 (1841)

Daphne gardneri

authorship: Wall.

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

codes: CHC CHT EHM MYA NEP VIE

Tibet

code: CHT

East Himalaya

code: EHM

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

names:
Indian papertree
Japanese paper plant

names: 滇结香 长梗结香

names: Эджвортия Гарднера

value: tree

value: 4 m

authors: (Wall.) Meisn.

published_in: Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 3: 280,  t. 6


slug: edmondia-fasciculata

scientific: Edmondia fasciculata

authorship: (Andrews) Hilliard

genus: Edmondia

epithet: fasciculata

Aphelexis fasciculata

authorship: (Andrews) D.Don

Helichrysum fasciculatum

authorship: Willd.

name: Helichrysum sesamoides var. fasciculatum

authorship: Harv.

Helipterum fasciculatum

authorship: DC.

Xeranthemum fasciculatum

authorship: Andrews

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: (Andrews) Hilliard

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: edmondia-pinifolia

scientific: Edmondia pinifolia

authorship: (Lam.) Hilliard

epithet: pinifolia

Aphelexis humilis var. macrantha

authorship: Paxton

Aphelexis macrantha var. rosea

authorship: Hereman

Argyrocome ferruginea

authorship: Kuntze

Argyrocome staehelina

authorship: Schrank

Edmondia bracteata

authorship: Cass.

Helichrysum humile

authorship: Less.

Helipterum humile var. pinifolium

authorship: (Lam.) DC.

Xeranthemum pinifolium

authorship: Lam.

Xeranthemum squamosum

authorship: Jacq.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 299 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Lam.) Hilliard

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: edmondia-sesamoides

scientific: Edmondia sesamoides

authorship: (L.) Hilliard

epithet: sesamoides

Aphelexis sesamoides

authorship: (L.) D.Don

Helichrysum sesamoides var. filiforme

authorship: (D.Don) Harv.

name: Helichrysum sesamoides var. heterophyllum

Xeranthemum sesamoides

authorship: L.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1439 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Common Scaly Sewejaartjie
Everlasting

names: Эдмондия кунжутовидная

names: Sewejaartjie strooiblommetjie

value: variable

authors: (L.) Hilliard


slug: edmundoa-lindenii

scientific: Edmundoa lindenii

authorship: (Regel) Leme

genus: Edmundoa

epithet: lindenii

family: Bromeliaceae

published_in: Canistrum - Bromeliads Atlantic Forest : 46 (1997)

Aechmea fusca

authorship: Baker

Aechmea rosea

authorship: (É.Morren) Baker

Aechmea viridis

authorship: (É.Morren ex C.Morren) Baker

Canistrum binoti

authorship: Mez

Canistrum fuscum

authorship: (Baker) É.Morren ex Baker

Canistrum lindenii

authorship: (Regel) Mez

Canistrum lindenii f. elatum

authorship: Reitz

Canistrum lindenii var. roseum

authorship: (É.Morren) Reitz

Canistrum lindenii var. viride

authorship: (É.Morren ex C.Morren) Reitz

Canistrum viride

authorship: É.Morren ex C.Morren

Edmundoa lindenii var. rosea

authorship: (É.Morren) Leme

Nidularium lindenii

authorship: Regel

codes: BZS BZL

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

lifeform: epiphyte

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Phaethornis eurynome
Thalurania glaucopis
Chionomesa lactea
Chrysuronia versicolor
Leucochloris albicollis
Number of flowers
Phaethornis squalidus
Ramphodon naevius

authors: (Regel) Leme

published_in: Canistrum Bromel. Atl. For. 46

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: edraianthus-graminifolius

scientific: Edraianthus graminifolius

authorship: (L.) A.DC. ex Meisn.

genus: Edraianthus

epithet: graminifolius

family: Campanulaceae

Campanopsis graminifolia

authorship: Kuntze

Campanopsis kitaibelii

authorship: (A.DC.) Kuntze

Campanula croatica

authorship: (A.Kern.) A.Kern.

Edraianthus albanicus

authorship: (Degen & Kümmerle) Lakušić

Edraianthus croaticus

authorship: Kern.

Edraianthus graminifolius f. alpinus

authorship: (Wettst.) Janch.

Edraianthus graminifolius f. baldaccii

authorship: Janch.

name: Edraianthus graminifolius f. ginzbergeri

name: Edraianthus graminifolius f. mediterraneus

authorship: (Wettst.) Hayek

name: Edraianthus graminifolius f. montenegrinus

authorship: (Horák) Hayek

name: Edraianthus graminifolius subsp. albanicus

authorship: Degen & Kümmerle

name: Edraianthus graminifolius subsp. coeruleus

name: Edraianthus graminifolius subsp. siculus

authorship: (Strobl) Lakušić ex Greuter & Burdet

Edraianthus graminifolius var. elatus

authorship: Wettst.

name: Edraianthus graminifolius var. ginzbergeri

authorship: (H.Lindb.) Hayek

Edraianthus graminifolius var. siculus

authorship: (Strobl) Nyman

Edraianthus jugoslavicus

authorship: Lakušić

Edraianthus kitaibelii

authorship: (A.DC.) A.DC.

Edraianthus kitaibelii subsp. croaticus

authorship: (A.Kern.) Nyman

name: Edraianthus kitaibelii var. mediterraneus

Edraianthus montenegrinus

authorship: Horak

Edraianthus siculus

authorship: Strobl

Pilorea graminifolia

authorship: Raf.

Wahlenbergia croatica

authorship: Caruel

codes: ALB BUL GRC ITA YUG ROM SIC

Albania

code: ALB

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Romania

code: ROM

Sicilia

code: SIC

lifeform: perennial or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 240 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Эдрайант злаколистный

label: Life form

value: chamaephyte

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7(2): 448


slug: edraianthus-tenuifolius

scientific: Edraianthus tenuifolius

epithet: tenuifolius

Campanopsis tenuifolia

authorship: (A.DC.) Kuntze

name: Campanula graminifolia var. sordidifolia

authorship: Vuk.

Campanula macrocephala

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Campanula tenuifolia

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Edraianthus caricinus

authorship: Schott, Nyman & Kotschy

name: Edraianthus tenuifolius subsp. caricinus

authorship: (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Nyman

codes: ALB YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 104 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Эдрайантус тонколистный

published_in: Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7(2): 449

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: edrastima-uniflora

scientific: Edrastima uniflora

authorship: (L.) Raf.

genus: Edrastima

epithet: uniflora

family: Rubiaceae

published_in: Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux  6: 296 (1834)

preferred: clustered mille graines

Anistelma glomerata

authorship: (Michx.) Raf.

Hedyotis auricularia

authorship: Walter

Hedyotis fasciculata

authorship: Bertol.

Hedyotis glomerata

authorship: (Michx.) Elliott

Hedyotis nigricans var. fasciculata

authorship: (Bertol.) W.H.Lewis

Hedyotis pilosa

authorship: Phil. ex Benth. & Hook.f.

Hedyotis serpylloides

authorship: Lam.

Hedyotis uniflora

authorship: (L.) Lam.

Hedyotis virginica

authorship: Spreng.

Oldenlandia fasciculata

authorship: (Bertol.) Small

Oldenlandia glomerata

authorship: Michx.

Oldenlandia uniflora

authorship: L.

Oldenlandia uniflora var. fasciculata

authorship: (Bertol.) D.B.Ward

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OKL SCA TEN TEX VRG AGE BZL CUB JAM PAR PUE

Alabama

code: ALA

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Jersey

code: NWJ

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Jamaica

code: JAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 295 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: egletes-prostrata

scientific: Egletes prostrata

authorship: (Sw.) Kuntze

genus: Egletes

preferred: prostrate tropic daisy

Egletes bellidiflora

authorship: Less.

Egletes domingensis var. glabrata

authorship: DC.

Egletes prostrata var. glabrata

authorship: (DC.) Kuntze

Eyselia bellidiflora

authorship: Rchb.

codes: ARU CLM CUB DOM GUY HAI JAM LEE NLA TRT VEN WIN

Aruba

code: ARU

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Guyana

code: GUY

region: Northern South America

Haiti

code: HAI

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Netherlands Antilles

code: NLA

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

Venezuela

code: VEN

Windward Is.

code: WIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
prostrate tropic daisy
Bouton Blanc

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: woody

authors: (Sw.) Kuntze

published_in: Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 334

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: ehrendorferia-chrysantha

scientific: Ehrendorferia chrysantha

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Rylander

genus: Ehrendorferia

family: Papaveraceae

preferred: golden eardrops

Bikukulla chrysantha

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Coville

Capnorchis chrysantha

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Planch.

Dicentra chrysantha

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Walp.

Diclytra chrysantha

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Greene

Dielytra chrysantha

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

region: Mexico

lifeform: perennial

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1977 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 金耳坠花 黄花荷包牡丹

partners:
Bombus crotchii
Ochlodes agricola

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus crotchii
Megachile davidsoni
Ochlodes agricola

authors: (Hook. & Arn.) J.Rylander

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: ehrendorferia-ochroleuca

scientific: Ehrendorferia ochroleuca

authorship: (Engelm.) Fukuhara

epithet: ochroleuca

preferred: yellow bleeding heart

Bicuculla ochroleuca

authorship: (Engelm.) A.Heller

Capnorchis ochroleuca

authorship: (Engelm.) Greene

Dicentra ochroleuca

authorship: Engelm.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 401 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellow bleeding heart
white eardrops

authors: (Engelm.) Fukuhara


slug: ehretia-acuminata

scientific: Ehretia acuminata

genus: Ehretia

epithet: acuminata

family: Ehretiaceae

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 497 (1810)

Cordia thyrsiflora

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

authorship: hort. ex Dippel

Ehretia acuminata var. grandifolia

authorship: Pamp.

Ehretia acuminata var. laxiflora

authorship: Benth.

Ehretia acuminata var. obovata

authorship: (Lindl.) I.M.Johnst.

Ehretia acuminata var. pilosula

authorship: (F.Muell.) I.M.Johnst.

Ehretia acuminata var. polyantha

authorship: (DC.) I.M.Johnst.

Ehretia acuminata var. pyrifolia

authorship: (D.Don) I.M.Johnst.

Ehretia acuminata var. serrata

authorship: (Roxb.) I.M.Johnst.

Ehretia kantonensis

authorship: Masam.

Ehretia ovalifolia

authorship: Hassk.

Ehretia serrata

authorship: Roxb.

Ehretia serrata var. obovata

authorship: Lindl.

Ehretia serrata var. pyrifolia

authorship: (D.Don) DC.

Ehretia taiwaniana

authorship: Nakai

Ehretia thyrsiflora

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai

Ehretia virgata

authorship: Blanco

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MOL MYA NEP NWG PHI THA VIE WHM NSW QLD

China South-Central

code: CHC

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

New South Wales

code: NSW

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1049 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Эреция заострённая

names: Ehrétie acuminée, Grain malgache, Bois malgache, Raisin malgache

partners:
Phaedyma shepherdi
Acridotheres tristis
Celastrina albocoeruleus
Cinnyris asiaticus
Columba leucomela
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvus splendens
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: ehretia-alba

scientific: Ehretia alba

authorship: Retief & A.E.van Wyk

epithet: alba

codes: BOT CPP OFS NAM TVL

Botswana

code: BOT

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Puzzlebush
White Puzzlebush

names: Bergwitboom bergwitboombos

authors: Retief & A.E.van Wyk

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-amoena

scientific: Ehretia amoena

authorship: Klotzsch

epithet: amoena

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(1): 248 (1861)

Ehretia goetzei

authorship: Gürke

Ficus obovata

authorship: Sim

codes: SWZ KEN NAT MLW MOZ TVL TAN ZAM ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Malawi

code: MLW

region: South Tropical Africa

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Tanzania

code: TAN

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Pestlewood
Sandpaper Puzzlebush

names: skurweblaarbos stamperhout

names: khuwana xitimandzilwane

names: Umklele Umklele-omkhule

value: 5 m

authors: Klotzsch

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot., 1): 248


slug: ehretia-anacua

scientific: Ehretia anacua

authorship: (Terán & Berland.) I.M.Johnst.

epithet: anacua

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 89 (1924)

preferred: knockaway

Ehretia ciliata

authorship: Miers

Ehretia elliptica

authorship: DC.

Ehretia lancifolia

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Ehretia scabra

authorship: Kunth & C.D.Bouché

Gaza anacua

authorship: Terán & Berland.

codes: MXG MXE MXS TEX

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Texas

code: TEX

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2027 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: knockaway anacua

names: Anacua anaqua

partners:
Danaus gilippus
Danaus plexippus
Vanessa cardui

partners:
Danaus plexippus
Ethmia semiombra
Manduca rustica
Ortalis vetula

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

authors: (Terán & Berland.) I.M.Johnst.

published_in: Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 89


slug: ehretia-aspera

scientific: Ehretia aspera

authorship: Willd.

epithet: aspera

published_in: Phytographia 1: 4 (1794)

Bourreria aspera

authorship: (Willd.) G.Don

Bourreria dichotoma

authorship: Rottler ex G.Don

Bourreria punctata

authorship: (Roth) G.Don

Ehretia affinis

authorship: Wall.

Ehretia aspera var. obtusifolia

authorship: (Hochst. ex DC.) Parmar

Ehretia canarensis

authorship: Miq. ex C.B.Clarke

Ehretia catronga

authorship: Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

Ehretia championii

authorship: Wight & Gardner ex C.B.Clarke

Ehretia floribunda

authorship: Royle

Ehretia heynei

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Ehretia indica

authorship: (Dennst. ex Kostel.) M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida

Ehretia laevis var. aspera

authorship: (Willd.) C.B.Clarke

Ehretia laevis var. floribunda

authorship: (Royle) Brandis

Ehretia laevis var. platyphylla

authorship: Merr.

Ehretia laevis var. pubescens

authorship: (Royle ex Benth.) C.B.Clarke

Ehretia ovalifolia

authorship: Wight

Ehretia pubescens

authorship: Royle ex Benth.

Ehretia punctata

authorship: Roth ex Roem. & Schult.

authorship: Roth

Traxilum asperatum

authorship: Raf.

codes: CHH AND ASS CBD EHM IND LAO MLY MYA NEP NCB PAK SRL THA VIE WHM

Hainan

code: CHH

Andaman Is.

code: AND

region: Indo-China

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 43 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: DD

label: Data Deficient

partners:
Callyna contracta
Dialectica geometra
Ethmia acontias
Ethmia nigroapicella

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-cortesia

scientific: Ehretia cortesia

authorship: Gottschling

epithet: cortesia

Cortesia cuneata

authorship: Miers

Cortesia cuneifolia

authorship: Cav.

Cortesia cuneiformis

authorship: Poir.

codes: AGE AGW

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: Gottschling

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-dicksonii

scientific: Ehretia dicksonii

authorship: Hance

epithet: dicksonii

Ehretia dicksonii var. japonica

authorship: Nakai

Ehretia dicksonii var. tomentosa

authorship: (Gagnep. & Courchet) Nakai

Ehretia dicksonii var. velutina

authorship: Koidz.

Ehretia macrophylla var. tomentosa

authorship: Gagnep. & Courchet

codes: CHN CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS CHQ TAI EHM MYA NEP VIE

China North-Central

code: CHN

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Qinghai

code: CHQ

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 326 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 粗糠树 破皮烏

partners:
Celastrina albocoeruleus
Ethmia nigroapicella

authors: Hance

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 18: 224

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-latifolia

scientific: Ehretia latifolia

authorship: Loisel.

epithet: latifolia

Ehretia austin-smithii

authorship: Standl.

Ehretia tehuacana

authorship: Greenm.

Ehretia viscosa

authorship: Fernald

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 79 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Raspa huacal
Topoya

authors: Loisel.

published_in: Herb. Amat. v. t. 350

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-longiflora

scientific: Ehretia longiflora

authorship: Champ. ex Benth.

epithet: longiflora

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 58 (1853)

Ehretia glaucescens

authorship: Hayata

codes: CHS TAI AND EHM VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Andaman Is.

code: AND

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 204 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鹭肉 山檳榔

label: Flower-visited by

authors: Champ. ex Benth.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 58

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-microphylla

scientific: Ehretia microphylla

authorship: Lam.

epithet: microphylla

preferred: Scorpionbush

english: Scorpionbush scorpionbush

Carmona microphylla

authorship: (Lam.) G.Don

Carmona retusa

authorship: (Vahl) Masam.

Cordia coromandeliana

authorship: Retz. ex DC.

Cordia retusa

authorship: Vahl

Ehretia buxifolia

authorship: Roxb.

Ehretia buxifolia var. latisepala

authorship: Gagnep.

Ehretia dentata

authorship: Courchet ex Gagnep.

Ehretia heterophylla

authorship: Spreng.

Ehretia monopyrena

authorship: Gottschling & Hilger

Lithothamnus buxioides

authorship: Zipp. ex Span.

codes: CHS CHH NNS TAI BIS BOR CBD XMS IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MOL MYA NWG PHI SOL SRL SUL SUM THA VIE

Hainan

code: CHH

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

Christmas I.

code: XMS

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

Laos

code: LAO

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1414 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Эретия мелколистная

partners:
Apis florea
Catochrysops strabo
Cepora nerissa
Eurema hecabe
Hasora badra
Hypolimnas bolina
Junonia almana
Junonia atlites

partners:
Acridotheres tristis
Apis florea
Cepora nerissa
Cinnyris asiaticus
Copsychus malabaricus
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvus splendens
Dialectica geometra

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-philippinensis

scientific: Ehretia philippinensis

epithet: philippinensis

Ehretia lanyuensis

authorship: Liu & Chuang

Ehretia takaminei

authorship: Hatus.

codes: NNS TAI PHI

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

names: Bayukon Halimumog

label: Growth habit

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: ehretia-resinosa

scientific: Ehretia resinosa

authorship: Hance

epithet: resinosa

Ehretia formosana

authorship: Hemsl.

codes: TAI PHI SCS

South China Sea

code: SCS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1456 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾厚壳树 恒春厚殼樹

names: Kalimomog Taglokot


slug: ehretia-rigida

scientific: Ehretia rigida

authorship: (Thunb.) Druce

epithet: rigida

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 620 (1916 publ. 1917)

Capraria rigida

authorship: Thunb.

Ehretia eckloniana

authorship: H.Buek ex Harv.

Ehretia hottentotica

authorship: Burch.

Ehretia violacea

authorship: Kunth

Ehretia zeyheriana

authorship: H.Buek ex Drege

Freylinia rigida

authorship: (Thunb.) G.Don

codes: BOT CPP SWZ OFS NAT LES MOZ TVL ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

region: Southern Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1011 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cape Lilac
Puzzle Bush

names: Эретия жесткая

names: Deurmekaarbos Stamperhout

names: mHleli umBotshani

partners:
Colius striatus
Dialectica pyramidota
Ethmia livida
Polyptychoides grayii
Urocolius indicus

label: Woodiness

value: drupe

authors: Druce

published_in: Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4(Suppl. 2): 620


slug: ehretia-saligna

scientific: Ehretia saligna

epithet: saligna

codes: NSW NTA QLD WAU

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

Queensland

code: QLD

Western Australia

code: WAU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
native willow
peachwood

label: Height

value: Aug-May

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 497

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehretia-tinifolia

scientific: Ehretia tinifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: tinifolia

Ehretia campestris

authorship: Salisb.

Ehretia longifolia

authorship: Miers

Ehretia tenuifolia

authorship: Houtt.

Ehretia tinifolia

authorship: M.Martens & Galeotti

codes: VIE MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS BLZ CAY CUB DOM GUA HAI HON JAM SWC

Vietnam

code: VIE

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Belize

code: BLZ

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

region: Caribbean

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Guatemala

code: GUA

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Southwest Caribbean

code: SWC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 428 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Oncopeltus piltus
Thysanoptera
Unidentified sp1 M_PL_035

partners:
Apis mellifera
Thysanoptera

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Amazona albifrons
Centurus pygmaeus
Cissilopha yucatanica
Cyanocorax yncas
Dives dives
Euphonia hirundinacea
Eupsittula nana astec
Icterus auratus

partners:
Amazona albifrons
Aratinga nana
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus phaeotis
Canis latrans
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehrharta-calycina

scientific: Ehrharta calycina

authorship: Sm.

genus: Ehrharta

epithet: calycina

family: Poaceae

preferred: perennial veldtgrass

Ehrharta adscendens

authorship: Schrad.

Ehrharta auriculata

authorship: Steud.

Ehrharta calycina var. adscendens

authorship: (Schrad.) Nees

Ehrharta calycina var. versicolor

authorship: (Schrad.) Stapf

Ehrharta geniculata

authorship: (Thunb.) Thunb.

Ehrharta melicoides

authorship: Willd. ex Nees

Ehrharta ovata

authorship: Nees

Ehrharta paniculata

authorship: Poir.

Ehrharta pilosa

authorship: Willd. ex Steud.

Ehrharta undulata

authorship: Nees ex Steud.

Ehrharta undulata var. calycina

authorship: (Sm.) Nees

Trochera auriculata

authorship: (Steud.) Kuntze

Trochera calicina

authorship: (Sm.) P.Beauv.

Trochera geniculata

authorship: (Thunb.) Kuntze

Trochera laxiflora

authorship: (Schrad.) Kuntze

Trochera melicodes

authorship: Kuntze

Trochera ovata

authorship: (Nees) Kuntze

codes: CPP OFS NAT LES NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Free State

code: OFS

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: perennial or annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1322 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
perennial veldtgrass
Perrenial veldt grass

names:
Ausdauerndes veldtgras
Purpurgras

names:
ehrharta
ehrharte calicinale

partners:
Taractrocera papyria
Anisynta sphenosema
Geitoneura klugii
Pravistylus brachyphysis

value: graminoid

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Growth form

value: Colonizing


slug: ehrharta-capensis

scientific: Ehrharta capensis

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: capensis

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 40: 216 (1779)

Ehrharta cartilaginea

authorship: Sm.

Ehrharta nutans

authorship: Lam.

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

names: Bobbejaankoring knol-ehrharta

value: geophyte

value: 1 m

label: Life cycle

authors: Thunb.

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. (1779) 216. t. 8


slug: ehrharta-diplax

scientific: Ehrharta diplax

epithet: diplax

Diplax avenacea

authorship: Raoul

Microlaena avenacea

authorship: (Raoul) Hook.f.

Microlaena avenacea var. carsei

authorship: (Cheeseman) Zotov

Microlaena carsei

authorship: Cheeseman

Microlaena ciliativertex

authorship: Ohwi

Microlaena giulianettii

authorship: Stapf

codes: NWG SUL ATP NZN NZS FIJ SCI

New Guinea

code: NWG

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Antipodean Is.

code: ATP

region: New Zealand

New Zealand North

code: NZN

New Zealand South

code: NZS

Fiji

code: FIJ

continent: PACIFIC

region: Southwestern Pacific

Society Is.

code: SCI

region: South-Central Pacific

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1057 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Sel. Pl. Indust. Cult. 74

reason: Only 29 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ehrharta-dura

scientific: Ehrharta dura

authorship: Nees

epithet: dura

published_in: Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. : 218 (1841)

authors: Nees

published_in: Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 218

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: ehrharta-erecta

scientific: Ehrharta erecta

epithet: erecta

preferred: panic veldtgrass

Ehrharta abyssinica

authorship: Hochst.

Ehrharta deflexa

authorship: Pignatti

Ehrharta erecta var. abyssinica

authorship: (Hochst.) Pilg.

Ehrharta paniciformis

authorship: Nees ex Trin.

Panicum deflexum

authorship: Guss. ex Ten.

Trochera panicea

authorship: (Sm.) Kuntze

codes: BOT CPP ZAI ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT LES MLW MOZ TVL RWA REU SOM SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM SAU YEM

Botswana

code: BOT

DR Congo

code: ZAI

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Kenya

code: KEN

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Réunion

code: REU

region: Western Indian Ocean

Somalia

code: SOM

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Yemen

code: YEM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2024 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Эрхарта прямостоячая

partners:
Heteronympha merope
Ocybadistes walkeri
Aeropetes tulbaghia
Dira oxylus
Dira swanepoeli
Gnophodes parmeno
Paralethe dendrophilus
Platycercus elegans

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: ehrharta-longiflora

scientific: Ehrharta longiflora

preferred: longflowered veldtgrass

Ehrharta eckloniana

authorship: Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Ehrharta longiflora

authorship: Eckl. ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Ehrharta longiflora var. eckloniana

authorship: (Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Nees

Ehrharta longiflora var. longiseta

authorship: (Schrad.) Nees

Ehrharta longiflora var. urvilleana

authorship: (Kunth) Nees

Ehrharta longiseta

authorship: Schrad.

Ehrharta urvilleana

authorship: Kunth

Trochera eckloniana

authorship: (Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Kuntze

Trochera longiseta

authorship: (Schrad.) Kuntze

codes: CPP NAM

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Namibia

code: NAM

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1356 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
longflowered veldtgrass
Annual Veldtgrass

partners:
Taractrocera papyria
Anisynta sphenosema
Balclutha saltuella

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

value: therophyte

value: annual

label: Flowering months

value: Mar-Jun

authors: Sm.

published_in: Pl. Ic. Ined. t. 32

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: ehrharta-longifolia

scientific: Ehrharta longifolia

epithet: longifolia

Ehrharta longifolia var. robusta

authorship: Stapf

Trochera varicosa

authorship: (Nees) Kuntze

source: GIFT

value: perennial

authors: Schrad.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: ehrharta-ramosa

scientific: Ehrharta ramosa

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: ramosa

Trochera ramosa

authorship: (Thunb.) Kuntze

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

published_in: Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 192

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: ehrharta-thunbergii

scientific: Ehrharta thunbergii

authorship: Gibbs Russ.

epithet: thunbergii

Ehrharta gigantea

authorship: (Thunb.) Thunb.

Ehrharta virgata

authorship: Launert

authors: Gibbs Russ.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: ehrharta-villosa

scientific: Ehrharta villosa

epithet: villosa

preferred: pyp grass

Trochera villosa

authorship: (Schult.f.) Kuntze

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pyp grass
Pipe Grass

names: Duine-ehrharta Muggiegras

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

value: 2 m

published_in: Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1374

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: eirmocephala-brachiata

scientific: Eirmocephala brachiata

authorship: (Benth. ex Oerst.) H.Rob.

genus: Eirmocephala

epithet: brachiata

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 100: 854 (1987)

Cacalia brachiata

authorship: (Benth. ex Oerst.) Kuntze

Vernonia brachiata

authorship: Benth. ex Oerst.

authorship: Benth. ex Örsted

authorship: Benth.

codes: CLM COS ECU PAN VEN

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuela

code: VEN

region: Northern South America

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 47 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Elabra costaricensis
Momoria misella

value: shrub

value: woody

value: 4 m

authors: (Benth. ex Oerst.) H.Rob.

published_in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 100(4): 854 (1987):

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ekebergia-benguelensis

scientific: Ekebergia benguelensis

authorship: Welw. ex C.DC.

genus: Ekebergia

epithet: benguelensis

family: Meliaceae

Ekebergia arborea

authorship: Baker f.

Ekebergia nana

authorship: Harms

Ekebergia velutina

authorship: Dunkley

Ekebergia welwitschii

authorship: Hiern ex C.DC.

codes: ANG ZAI MLW MOZ TAN ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Tanzania

region: East Tropical Africa

value: tree

authors: Welw. ex C.DC.

published_in: Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 1: 642

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ekebergia-capensis

scientific: Ekebergia capensis

authorship: Sparrm.

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1779: 282 (1779)

Ekebergia indeniensis

authorship: (A.Chev.) Harms ex Engl.

Ekebergia meyeri

authorship: C.Presl ex C.DC.

name: Ekebergia senegalensis var. parvifoliola

Polyscias lepidota

authorship: Chiov.

Sorindeia doeringii

authorship: Engl. & K.Krause

Trichilia capensis

authorship: (Sparrm.) Pers.

Trichilia ekebergia

authorship: E.Mey. ex Sond.

Trichilia rueppelliana

authorship: Fresen.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN BUR CMN CPP CPV CAF ZAI ERI SWZ ETH GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN NAT LBR MLW MLI MOZ NGA TVL RWA SEN SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Burundi

code: BUR

Cameroon

code: CMN

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Eritrea

code: ERI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Liberia

code: LBR

Mali

code: MLI

Nigeria

code: NGA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 656 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andropadus importunus
Buccanodon leucotis
Bycanistes buccinator
Chlorocichla flaviventris
Lumprocolius corruscus
Pogoniulus bilineatus
Pycnonotus barbatus
Tauraco porphyrocephalus

partners:
Amblyospiza albifrons
Andropadus importunus
Arizelocichla fusciceps
Arizelocichla milanjensis
Bycanistes brevis
Bycanistes bucinator
Cercopithecidae
Cercopithecus mitis

partners:
Ablerus separaspidis
Psyllaephagus capeneri

published_in: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. (1779) 282. t. 9

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ekebergia-pterophylla

scientific: Ekebergia pterophylla

authorship: (C.DC.) Hofmeyr

epithet: pterophylla

codes: CPP SWZ NAT TVL

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cape Ash
Dog Plum

names: baster-essenhout basteressenhout

value: 7 m

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

authors: Hofmeyr

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: ekmanianthe-longiflora

scientific: Ekmanianthe longiflora

authorship: (Griseb.) Urb.

genus: Ekmanianthe

epithet: longiflora

family: Bignoniaceae

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.  20: 309 (1924)

Tabebuia grisebachii

authorship: Urb.

Tabebuia longiflora

authorship: (Griseb.) Greenm.

authorship: Mart. ex DC.

Tecoma longiflora

authorship: Griseb.

codes: CUB DOM HAI

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Haiti

code: HAI

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

names:
Roble real
Roblillo

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Griseb.) Urb.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 309


slug: elaeagia-auriculata

scientific: Elaeagia auriculata

authorship: Hemsl.

genus: Elaeagia

epithet: auriculata

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. : 32 (1879)

codes: COS NIC PAN

Costa Rica

code: COS

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

value: phanerophyte

authors: Hemsl.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 2: 32

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: elaeagnus-angustifolia

scientific: Elaeagnus angustifolia

authorship: L.

genus: Elaeagnus

epithet: angustifolia

family: Elaeagnaceae

preferred: Russian olive

english:
Russian olive
Russian silverberry
Russian-olive
oleaster

name: Elaeagnus angustifolia subsp. orientalis

authorship: (L.) Soják

name: Elaeagnus angustifolia var. angustifolia

name: Elaeagnus angustifolia var. biebersteiniana

authorship: Kuntze

Elaeagnus angustifolia var. caspica

authorship: Sosn.

Elaeagnus angustifolia var. iliensis

authorship: Musch.

Elaeagnus angustifolia var. orientalis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Elaeagnus angustifolia var. turcica

authorship: Yıld.

Elaeagnus argentea

authorship: Moench

Elaeagnus caspica

authorship: (Sosn.) Grossh.

Elaeagnus dactyliformis

authorship: Schltdl.

Elaeagnus erivanensis

authorship: Fisch. ex Schltdl.

name: Elaeagnus hortensis subsp. continentalis

authorship: Servett.

Elaeagnus hortensis subsp. moorcroftii

authorship: (Wall. ex Schltdl.) Servett.

Elaeagnus hortensis subsp. songarica

authorship: (Bernh. ex Schltdl.) Servett.

Elaeagnus hortensis var. dactyliformis

authorship: Loudon

Elaeagnus hortensis var. orientalis

authorship: (L.) Loudon

Elaeagnus hortensis var. songarica

authorship: Bernh. ex Schltdl.

Elaeagnus igda

authorship: (Servett.) Tzvelev

Elaeagnus iliensis

authorship: (Musch.) Musch.

Elaeagnus incana

authorship: Lam.

Elaeagnus inermis

authorship: Mill.

Elaeagnus litoralis

authorship: (Servett.) Kozlowsk.

Elaeagnus longipes var. hortensis

authorship: Maxim.

Elaeagnus moorcroftii

authorship: Wall. ex Schltdl.

Elaeagnus multiflora var. hortensis

authorship: (M.Bieb.) Servett.

Elaeagnus songarica

authorship: (Bernh. ex Schltdl.) Schltdl.

Elaeagnus songarica var. kozlovskajae

authorship: Tzvelev

Elaeagnus songorica

authorship: Fisch. ex Trautv.

Elaeagnus tifliensis

authorship: Vis.

Elaeagnus turcomanica

authorship: Kozlowsk.

codes: AFG ALT CHN CHS EAI CHI IRN KAZ KGZ LBS CHM MON NCS PAL CHQ TZK TCS TKM TUR UZB WSB CHX ASS MYA PAK WHM RUC RUE RUS UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Qinghai

code: CHQ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1927 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Oleanolic-acid

activities: Abortifacient AntiHIV AntiPGE2 AntiTGF-beta Antiallergic Antiarrhythmic Antiatherosclerotic Antibacterial

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Tocopherol

activities: 5-HETE-Inhibitor Allergenic Analgesic AntiMD AntiMS AntiPMS Antiaggregant Antiaging

Palmitic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antifibrinolytic Antioxidant FLavor Hemolytic Hypercholesterolemic

Stearic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Cosmetic FLavor Hypocholesterolemic Lubricant Perfumery Propecic Suppository

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
armuelle de fruto carnoso
azufaifo blanco

names:
Schmalblättrige Ölweide
Schmalblaettrige Oelweide

names: Chalef à feuilles étroites, Olivier de Bohème, Arbre d'argent, Arbre de paradis

names: Маслинка вузьколиста

partners:
Apis
Apoidea
Hylaeus
Hylaeus communis
Lasioglossum
Megachile
Polistes dominula
Streptopelia decaocto

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Vanessa atalanta
Atrytonopsis hianna hianna
Papilio troilus
Xylocopa virginica virginica
Apis

partners:
Agallia consobrina
Bombus melanopygus
Celastrina ladon
Eristalinus aeneus
Harmonia axyridis
Issus coleoptratus
Macropsis elaeagni
Orientus ishidae

partners:
Alectoris chukar
Apis mellifera
Cacopsylla fulguralis
Capitophorus
Capitophorus elaeagni
Capitophorus hippophaes
Capitophorus similis
Cedusa sarmatica

partners:
Ablerus
Diaspiniphagus moeris
Eurytoma elistae
Psyllaephagus
Psyllaephagus elaeagni
Psyllaephagus georgicus
Sympiesis elaeagni
Sympiesis myartsevai

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

quote: a large, thorny, perennial deciduous tree or small shrub

quote: The flowers have four yellow sepals that resemble petals


slug: elaeagnus-commutata

scientific: Elaeagnus commutata

authorship: Bernh. ex Rydb.

epithet: commutata

preferred: Wolf-willow

english: Wolf-willow silverberry

Elaeagnus argentea

authorship: Pursh

authorship: Nutt.

Elaeagnus argentea subsp. eu-argentea

authorship: Servett.

Elaeagnus veteris-castelli

authorship: Lepage

Shepherdia argentea

authorship: Schltdl.

codes: ASK ABT BRC CAL COL IDA MAN MIN MNT NDA NWT NUN ONT QUE SAS SDA TEX UTA WAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Manitoba

code: MAN

Minnesota

code: MIN

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Montana

code: MNT

North Dakota

code: NDA

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Québec

code: QUE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1954 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Niacin

activities: Allergenic AntiLyme AntiMeniere's AntiRaynaud's Antiacrodynic Antiallergic Antialzheimeran Antiamblyopic

Beta-carotene

activities: Allergenic Androgenic? AntiPMS Antiacne Antiaging Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Anticancer

Thiamin

activities: Analgesic AntiLyme Antialcoholic Antialzheimeran Antianorectic Antibackache Antiberiberi Anticanker

Riboflavin

activities: AntiLyme Antiarabiflavinotic Anticarpal-Tunnel Anticataract Anticephalagic Anticervicaldysplasic Anticheilitic Antidecubitic

names: silverberry Wolf-willow

names: Silber-Ölweide Silber-Öweide

names:
Chalef argenté
chalef changeant

partners:
Aglais milberti
Andrena carlini
Andrena dunningi
Apamea inordinata
Apis mellifera
Bombus huntii
Bombus insularis
Bombus nevadensis

partners:
Adalia bipunctata
Apis mellifera
Bombus rufocinctus
Bombus terricola
Coccinella septempunctata
Epargyreus clarus
Papilio canadensis

partners:
Bombycilla cedrorum
Cacopsylla fulguralis
Erethizon dorsatus

quote: Long-lived shrubs, growing 1-4 m tall, rarely small trees


slug: elaeagnus-formosana

scientific: Elaeagnus formosana

authorship: Nakai

epithet: formosana

Elaeagnus kotoensis

authorship: Hayata

Elaeagnus macrophylla var. kotoensis

authorship: (Hayata) S.S.Ying

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

lifeform: scrambling shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 139 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾胡颓子 臺灣胡頹子

authors: Nakai

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 74

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: elaeagnus-glabra

scientific: Elaeagnus glabra

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: glabra

Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla

authorship: (Servett.) W.Lee

Elaeagnus glabra subsp. tenuiflora

authorship: (Benth.) Servett.

Elaeagnus glabra var. cupressa

authorship: Lecomte

Elaeagnus glabra var. jotanii

authorship: Honda

Elaeagnus glabra var. ovalifolia

authorship: Araki

Elaeagnus glabra var. oxyphylla

authorship: (Servett.) Nakai

Elaeagnus tenuiflora

authorship: Benth.

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP KOR TAI

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 蔓胡颓子 蔓胡颓子根

value: vine

published_in: Fl. Jap. (Lipsiae) 67


slug: elaeagnus-latifolia

scientific: Elaeagnus latifolia

authorship: L.

epithet: latifolia

codes: ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP SRL THA VIE

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Myanmar

code: MYA

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

lifeform: scrambling shrub or tree

names:
oleaster
wild olive

names: Chalef à feuilles larges, Chalef à larges feuilles

value: liana

value: deciduous

authors: L.


slug: elaeagnus-loureiroi

scientific: Elaeagnus loureiroi

authorship: Champ.

epithet: loureiroi

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc.  5: 196 (1853)

Elaeagnus latifolia

authorship: Lour.

codes: CHC CHS VIE

lifeform: climbing shrub or tree

names: 铺山燕 鸡柏紫藤

partners:
Acronicta pruinosa
Cinnyris asiaticus
Dysphania percota
Elephas maximus

authors: Champ.

published_in: Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 196

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: elaeagnus-macrophylla

scientific: Elaeagnus macrophylla

epithet: macrophylla

codes: CHN CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI

China North-Central

code: CHN

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 42 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Broad-leaf oleaster
Broad-leaved Elaeagnus

names: 大叶胡颓子 圆叶胡颓子

names: Лох крупнолистный

names: maruba-gumi マルバグミ

names:
Chalef à grosses feuilles
Oléastre

label: Parasites


slug: elaeagnus-multiflora

scientific: Elaeagnus multiflora

epithet: multiflora

preferred: cherry silverberry

Elaeagnus edulis

authorship: Siebold ex Carrière

authorship: Siebold ex E.May

Elaeagnus isensis

authorship: Makino

Elaeagnus jucundicocca

authorship: Koidz.

Elaeagnus longipes var. multflora

authorship: (Thunb.) Maxim.

Elaeagnus longipes var. orbiculata

authorship: (Makino) Honda

Elaeagnus multiflora f. jucundicocca

authorship: (Koidz.) Araki

Elaeagnus multiflora f. orbiculata

authorship: (Makino) Araki

Elaeagnus multiflora var. angustifolia

authorship: (Nakai) Makino & Nemoto

Elaeagnus multiflora var. edulis

authorship: (Siebold ex Carrière) C.K.Schneid.

Elaeagnus multiflora var. parvifolia

authorship: Servett.

Elaeagnus multiflora var. siphonantha

authorship: (Nakai) C.Y.Chang

Elaeagnus odoratiedulis

authorship: Lavallée

Elaeagnus rotundifolia

authorship: Gagnaire

Elaeagnus sativa

authorship: Dippel

Elaeagnus umbellata var. siphonantha

authorship: (Nakai) Hand.-Mazz.

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR KUR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

region: Russian Far East

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 32 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
cherry silverberry
Cherry Elaeagnus

names: 羊奶子 木半夏

names: Лох многоцветковый

names:
Chalef à fleurs nombreuses
Goumi du Japon

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Anthophora pacifica
Apis mellifera
Tetralonia nipponens
Xylocopa appendiculata

partners:
Vespa velutina
Xylocopa appendiculata
Anthophora pacifica
Apis mellifera
Bombus flavifrons

label: Visited by

partners:
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus mixtus
Bombus vancouverensis

source: USDA PLANTS


slug: elaeagnus-oldhamii

scientific: Elaeagnus oldhamii

authorship: Maxim.

epithet: oldhamii

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 15: 377 (1870)

codes: CHS TAI

Taiwan

code: TAI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 504 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 宜梧 宜梧叶

partners:
Zosterops japonicus simplex
Zosterops simplex

authors: Maxim.

published_in: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg xv. (1871) 377

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: elaeagnus-pungens

scientific: Elaeagnus pungens

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: pungens

english:
Russian olive
thorny olive

Elaeagnus frederici-variegata

authorship: Ilsemann

Elaeagnus pungens f. angustifolia

authorship: (Araki) Sugim.

Elaeagnus pungens f. aurea

authorship: (Servett.) Rehder

Elaeagnus pungens f. frederici

authorship: (Bean) Rehder

Elaeagnus pungens f. maculata

authorship: (H.J.Veitch) Rehder

Elaeagnus pungens f. rotundifolia

authorship: (Servett.) H.Hara

Elaeagnus pungens f. variegata

authorship: (Bean) P.D.Sell

Elaeagnus pungens subsp. simonii

authorship: (Carrière) Servett.

Elaeagnus pungens var. angustifolia

authorship: Araki

Elaeagnus pungens var. aureovariegata

authorship: Bean

name: Elaeagnus pungens var. frederici-variegata

authorship: (Ilsemann) Rehder

Elaeagnus pungens var. latifolia

authorship: Honda

Elaeagnus pungens var. simonii

authorship: (Carrière) G.Nicholson

Elaeagnus pungens var. variegata

authorship: Rehder

Elaeagnus simonii

authorship: Carrière

Elaeagnus sinensis

authorship: Koehne

Elaeagnus variegata

authorship: J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR TZK

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1980 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

Ursolic-acid

activities: Analgesic AntiEBV AntiHIV AntiTGF-beta Antialzheimeran Antiarrhythmic Antiarthritic Antibacterial

Beta-sitosterol

activities:
Androgenic
Angiogenic
Anorexic
Antiadenomic
Antiandrogenic
Antibacterial
Anticancer (Breast)
Anticancer (Cervix)

Vanillic-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Anthelmintic Antibacterial Anticancer Antifatigue Antiinflammatory Antileukemic

Lupeol

activities: AntiEBV Antiangiogenic Antiedemic Antiflu Antihyperglycemic Antiinflammatory Antilithic Antimalarial

names:
Russian olive
thorny olive

names: 胡颓子 胡颓子叶

names: eleagno oleagno

names:
Dornige Ölweide
Stechende Oelweide

names:
Chalef piquant
Chalef piquant, Oléastre épineux

partners:
Apis mellifera
Danaus plexippus

label: Eaten by

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anarsia protensa
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Cacopsylla fulguralis
Capitophorus elaeagni

value: nanophanerophyte


slug: elaeagnus-thunbergii

scientific: Elaeagnus thunbergii

authorship: Servett.

epithet: thunbergii

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 384 (1908)

Elaeagnus daibuensis

authorship: Hayata

lifeform: climbing shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 231 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鄧氏胡頹子 阿里胡颓子

partners:
Agrilus fongmuorum
Aporia hippia

authors: Serv.

published_in: Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. II. viii. 384 (1908)


slug: elaeagnus-triflora

scientific: Elaeagnus triflora

authorship: Roxb.

epithet: triflora

preferred: Milla Milla vine

source: wikidata

Elaeagnus alingaro

authorship: Schltdl.

Elaeagnus angustifolia

authorship: Blanco

Elaeagnus cumingii subsp. philippensis

authorship: (Perr.) Servett.

Elaeagnus ferruginea

authorship: Rich.

Elaeagnus latifolia var. triflora

authorship: (Roxb.) Schltdl.

Elaeagnus philippensis

authorship: Perr.

Elaeagnus rigida

authorship: Blume

codes: TAI BIS BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SOL SUL SUM QLD

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Queensland

code: QLD

region: Australia

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 146 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Milla Milla vine
Millaa-Millaa Vine

names: 菲律宾胡颓子 菲律賓胡頹子

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: elaeagnus-umbellata

scientific: Elaeagnus umbellata

authorship: Thunb.

epithet: umbellata

preferred: autumn olive

source: inat

Elaeagnus crispa var. coreana

authorship: (H.Lév.) Nakai

Elaeagnus crispa var. longicarpa

authorship: Uyeki

Elaeagnus crispa var. macrocarpa

authorship: Sugim.

Elaeagnus crispa var. parvifolia

authorship: (Wall. ex Royle) Nakai

Elaeagnus crispa var. praematura

authorship: Koidz.

Elaeagnus crispa var. rotundifolia

authorship: (Makino) Masam.

Elaeagnus crispa var. subcoriacea

authorship: Nakai & Masam.

Elaeagnus crocea

authorship: Nakai

Elaeagnus ghuwacen

authorship: Royle

Elaeagnus longipes var. crispa

authorship: (Thunb.) K.Koch

Elaeagnus multiflora var. crispa

authorship: (Thunb.) Maxim. ex Makino & Nemoto

Elaeagnus oldhamii var. obovata

authorship: (H.L.Li) F.Y.Lu & C.H.Ou

Elaeagnus parvifolia

authorship: Wall. ex Royle

Elaeagnus parvifolia var. nuda

authorship: (Servett.) D.Basu

Elaeagnus praematura

authorship: (Koidz.) Araki

Elaeagnus salicifolia

authorship: D.Don ex Loudon

Elaeagnus thunbergii var. coreana

authorship: Lecomte

Elaeagnus umbellata f. argyrea

authorship: Araki

Elaeagnus umbellata f. higuchiana

authorship: (Honda) H.Hara

Elaeagnus umbellata f. macrocarpa

authorship: (Sugim.) H.Hara

Elaeagnus umbellata f. nakaiana

authorship: (Araki) H.Ohba

Elaeagnus umbellata f. parvifolia

authorship: (Wall. ex Royle) Kitam.

Elaeagnus umbellata f. rotundifolia

authorship: (Makino) Kitam.

Elaeagnus umbellata subsp. parvifolia

authorship: (Wall. ex Royle) Servett.

Elaeagnus umbellata var. borealis

authorship: Ohwi

Elaeagnus umbellata var. coreana

authorship: (H.Lév.) H.Lév.

Elaeagnus umbellata var. longicarpa

authorship: (Uyeki) T.B.Lee

Elaeagnus umbellata var. macrocarpa

authorship: (Sugim.) Araki

Elaeagnus umbellata var. parvifolia

authorship: (Wall. ex Royle) C.K.Schneid.

Elaeagnus umbellata var. praematura

authorship: (Koidz.) T.B.Lee

codes: AFG CHN CHC CHS JAP KOR CHM CHT NEP PAK WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

Japan

code: JAP

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Tibet

code: CHT

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1968 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
autumn olive
Autumn Elaeagnus

names: Лох зонтичный

names:
Chalef en ombelle, Oléastre en ombelle
Oléastre réfléchi

names: 보리수나무 왕보리수나무

partners:
Amphion floridensis
Anthocharis midea
Apis mellifera
Archilochus colubris
Atalantycha bilineata
Battus philenor
Bombus
Bombus auricomus

partners:
Acanalonia bivittata
Andrena carlini
Banasa dimidiata
Chinavia hilaris
Chrysopilus thoracicus
Cladura flavoferruginea
Dicyrtomina ornata
Harmonia axyridis

partners:
Andrena milwaukeensis
Apis mellifera
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus perplexus
Catharus guttatus
Cervidae

partners:
Asaphes suspensus
Chrysocharis laomedon
Copidosoma komabae
Pachyneuron aphidis
Trechnites viridiscutellatus


slug: elaeis-guineensis

scientific: Elaeis guineensis

authorship: Jacq.

genus: Elaeis

epithet: guineensis

family: Arecaceae

published_in: Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. : 280 (1763)

preferred: African Oil Palm

english:
African Oil Palm
African oil palm

Elaeis cirrhosa

authorship: Thouin

Elaeis dybowskii

authorship: Hua

Elaeis guineensis f. caryolitica

authorship: Becc.

Elaeis guineensis var. macrosperma

authorship: Welw.

Elaeis guineensis var. madagascariensis

authorship: Jum. & H.Perrier

Elaeis madagascariensis

authorship: (Jum. & H.Perrier) Becc.

Elaeis melanococca

authorship: Gaertn.

Elaeis nigrescens

authorship: (A.Chev.) Prain

Palma oleosa

authorship: Mill.

codes: ANG BEN CMN CAF CHA CON ZAI GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB GGI IVO KEN LBR MLW MOZ NGA SEN SIE SUD TAN TOG UGA

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Gulf of Guinea Is.

code: GGI

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

Liberia

code: LBR

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Nigeria

code: NGA

Senegal

code: SEN

Sierra Leone

code: SIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 636 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Linoleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor AntiMS Antiacne Antialopecic Antianaphylactic Antiandrogenic Antiarteriosclerotic Antiarthritic

Oleic-acid

activities: 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Allergenic Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor Anemiagenic Antialopecic Antiandrogenic Antiinflammatory Antileukotriene-D4

Myristic-acid

activities: Antioxidant Cancer-Preventive Cosmetic Hypercholesterolemic Lubricant Nematicide

Alpha-tocopherol

activities: Antialzheimeran Antianginal Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Antiatherosclerotic Anticancer Anticataract Anticonvulsant

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: Африканская масличная пальма

partners:
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Elaeidobius kamerunicus
Elaeidobius subvittatus
Nitudilidae

partners:
Braunsapis bouyssoui
Coleoptera
Lasioglossum albobarbatum
Lasioglossum diversum
Lasioglossum duponti
Lipotriches digitata
Lipotriches tridentata
Mesopolobus brevinervis

partners:
Cercopithecus cephus
Cercopithecus nictitans
Cercopithecus pogonias
Lophocebus albigena
Mandrillus sphinx
Pan troglodytes

partners:
Lophocebus albigena
Caracara plancus
Cercopithecus nictitans
Civettictis civetta
Coragyps atratus
Eidolon helvum
Gorilla gorilla
Gypohierax angolensis

partners:
Asecodes
Brachymeria
Brachymeria carinata
Brachymeria deesensis
Brachymeria lasus
Brachymeria lugubris
Brachymeria mnestor
Brachymeria subconica

partners:
African oil palm ringspot virus
Fusarium incarnatum
Fusarium sacchari
Ganoderma boninense
Phytophthora palmivora
Thielaviopsis paradoxa

partners:
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis
Schizophyllum commune

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: elaeis-oleifera

scientific: Elaeis oleifera

authorship: (Kunth) Cortés

epithet: oleifera

preferred: American Oil Palm

english:
American Oil Palm
American oil palm

Alfonsia oleifera

authorship: Kunth

Corozo oleifera

authorship: (Kunth) L.H.Bailey

Elaeis melanococca

authorship: Mart.

Elaeis melanococca var. semicircularis

authorship: Oerst.

codes: BZN CLM COS ECU FRG HON NIC PAN PER SUR

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

region: Central America

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Peru

code: PER

Suriname

code: SUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Palmera aceitera americana
coquito

names: Caiaué Dendê-americano

names: ปาล์มน้ำมันอเมริกัน

partners:
Coleoptera
Elaeidobius subvittatus
Grasidius hybridus

partners:
Aratinga pertinax
Campylorhynchus griseus
Caracara plancus
Crotophaga major
Cyanocorax affinis
Cyclopoliarus nigelwatsoni
Didelphis
Grasidius hybridus

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

value: herb

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

label: Life form

value: Single Stem

value: 5 m


slug: elaeocarpus-angustifolius

scientific: Elaeocarpus angustifolius

authorship: Blume

genus: Elaeocarpus

epithet: angustifolius

family: Elaeocarpaceae

preferred: quandong

source: usda

Aceratium ganitrum

authorship: (Roxb. ex G.Don) Bosse

Ayparia crenata

authorship: Raf.

Elaeocarpus baclayanensis

authorship: Elmer

Elaeocarpus crenatus

authorship: (Raf.) Merr.

Elaeocarpus cyanocarpus

authorship: Maingay ex Mast.

Elaeocarpus dolichopetalus

authorship: Merr.

Elaeocarpus fauroensis

authorship: Hemsl.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus

authorship: Roxb. ex G.Don

Elaeocarpus maior

authorship: (Hochr.) R.Knuth

Elaeocarpus muellerianus

authorship: Schltr.

Elaeocarpus novoguineensis

authorship: Warb.

Elaeocarpus sphaericus

authorship: (Gaertn.) Heer

Elaeocarpus sphaericus var. major

authorship: Hochr.

codes: CHC CHS CHH ASS BAN BIS BOR CBD EHM JAW LSI MLY MOL MYA NEP NWG PHI SOL SUL SUM THA VIE WHM NTA QLD NWC SCZ VAN WAL

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

Borneo

code: BOR

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Jawa

code: JAW

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

New Guinea

code: NWG

Philippines

code: PHI

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Anonychomyrma gilberti
Bemisia gigantea
Columba leucomela
Deudorix diovis
Ducula bicolor
Lopholaimus antarcticus
Macropygia phasianella
Oecophylla smaragdina


slug: elaeocarpus-argenteus

scientific: Elaeocarpus argenteus

epithet: argenteus

published_in: Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab.  29: 26 (1905)

Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. argenteus

authorship: (Merr.) Y.C.Liu

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: TAI PHI

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

names: 腺叶杜英 腺葉杜英

authors: Merr.

published_in: Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29: 26

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: elaeocarpus-bancroftii

scientific: Elaeocarpus bancroftii

authorship: F.Muell. & F.M.Bailey

epithet: bancroftii

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland  2: 2 (1885)

preferred: Johnstone River almond

english:
Johnstone River almond
Kuranda quandong
ebony heart

Queensland

code: QLD

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

names:
ebony heart
Johnstone River almond

label: Leaf retention

value: evergreen

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: F.Muell. & F.M.Bailey

published_in: Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 2: 142

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: elaeocarpus-chinensis

scientific: Elaeocarpus chinensis

authorship: (Gardner & Champ.) Hook.f. ex Benth.

epithet: chinensis

Friesia chinensis

authorship: Gardner & Champ.

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Vietnam

region: Indo-China

names: 中华杜英 华杜英

label: Growth habit

authors: Hook.f. ex Benth.

published_in: Fl. Hongk. 43

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: elaeocarpus-culminicola

scientific: Elaeocarpus culminicola

epithet: culminicola

preferred: Michael's Quandong

Elaeocarpus gjellerupii

authorship: Pulle

Elaeocarpus sogerensis

authorship: Baker f.

codes: BIS MOL NWG PHI SUL NTA QLD

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

region: Papuasia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

label: Woodiness

authors: Warb.

published_in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16(1): 23

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.