slug: rhabdadenia-biflora

scientific: Rhabdadenia biflora

authorship: (Jacq.) Müll.Arg.

genus: Rhabdadenia

epithet: biflora

family: Apocynaceae

preferred: mangrovevine

Apocynum cordatum

authorship: Mill.

Dipladenia billbergii

authorship: Beurl.

Echites biflorus

authorship: Jacq.

authorship: Ehrenb. ex Schltdl.

Echites ehrenbergii

authorship: Schltdl.

Echites paludosus

authorship: Vahl

Exothostemon paludosum

authorship: (Vahl) G.Don

Rhabdadenia cordata

authorship: Miers

Rhabdadenia ehrenbergii

authorship: (Schltdl.) Müll.Arg.

authorship: (Schltdl.) Müll.Arg. ex Griseb.

codes: FLA MXG MXT BAH BLZ BZN BZE CAY CLM COS CUB DOM ECU ELS FRG GUA GUY HAI HON JAM LEE NIC PAN PUE SUR TRT VEN WIN

Florida

code: FLA

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Bahamas

code: BAH

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Cayman Is.

code: CAY

Colombia

code: CLM

region: Western South America

Costa Rica

code: COS

Cuba

code: CUB

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Ecuador

code: ECU

El Salvador

code: ELS

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Haiti

code: HAI

Honduras

code: HON

Jamaica

code: JAM

Leeward Is.

code: LEE

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Panamá

code: PAN

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

Suriname

code: SUR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 845 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: rhabdadenia-ragonesei

scientific: Rhabdadenia ragonesei

authorship: Woodson

epithet: ragonesei

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: AGE AGW BZC PAR

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Paraguay

code: PAR

lifeform: climber

climate: subtropical

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: vine

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: non-woody

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: Woodson

published_in: Lilloa 5: 199

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

field: phenology

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: rhabdothamnus-solandri

scientific: Rhabdothamnus solandri

genus: Rhabdothamnus

epithet: solandri

family: Gesneriaceae

preferred: New Zealand gloxinia

source: wikidata

Columnea scabrosa

authorship: Sol. ex DC.

Rhabdothamnus scabrosus

authorship: Steud.

codes: NZN NZS

New Zealand North

code: NZN

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: New Zealand

New Zealand South

code: NZS

lifeform: shrub

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1248 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

names:
New Zealand gloxinia
taurepo

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

value: shrub

value: woody

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

label: Height

category: Size

value: 2 m

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: rhachidosorus-mesosorus

scientific: Rhachidosorus mesosorus

authorship: (Makino) Ching

genus: Rhachidosorus

epithet: mesosorus

family: Rhachidosoraceae

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(1): 74 (1964)

Asplenium mesosorum

authorship: Makino

Athyrium mesosorum

authorship: (Makino) Makino

Diplazium mesosorum

authorship: (Makino) Koidz.

codes: CHC CHS JAP KOR

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Korea

code: KOR

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

climate: temperate

names: シシバヌリワラビ ヌリワラビ

authors: (Makino) Ching

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(1): 74

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: rhacocarpus-purpurascens

scientific: Rhacocarpus purpurascens

authorship: (Brid.) Paris

genus: Rhacocarpus

epithet: purpurascens

family: Hedwigiaceae

published_in: Index Bryol. Suppl.: 292. 1900.

Anictangium humboldtii

authorship: Hook.

Anoectangium humboldtii

authorship: (Hook.) Brid.

Anoectangium humboldtii var. australe

authorship: Hook.f. & Wilson

Braunia humboldtii

authorship: (Hook.) Hook.f.

Harrisonia australis

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Hampe

Harrisonia humboldtii

authorship: (Hook.) Spreng.

Harrisonia humboldtii var. rufipila

authorship: Renauld & Cardot

Harrisonia orbiculata

authorship: (Mitt.) A.Jaeger

Harrisonia purpurascens

authorship: (Brid.) Müll.Hal.

Harrisonia rubrocincta

authorship: Hampe ex Müll.Hal.

Hedwigia humboldtii

authorship: (Hook.) Hook.

Hedwigia humboldtii var. australis

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Wilson

Hedwigia orbiculata

authorship: Mitt.

Hypnum purpurascens

authorship: Brid.

Neckera humboldtii

authorship: (Hook.) Müll.Hal.

Rhacocarpus appendiculatus

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Paris

Rhacocarpus australis

authorship: (Hook.f. & Wilson) Paris

Rhacocarpus cuspidatus

authorship: Paris

Rhacocarpus ecklonianus

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Broth.

Rhacocarpus humboldtii

authorship: (Hook.) Lindb.

name: Rhacocarpus humboldtii var. argentinicus

Rhacocarpus humboldtii var. rufipilus

authorship: (Renauld & Cardot) Paris

Rhacocarpus orbiculatus

authorship: (Mitt.) Paris

name: Rhacocarpus purpurascens var. argentinicus

authorship: (Müll.Hal.) Wijk & Margad.

Rhacocarpus purpurascens var. rufipilus

authorship: (Renauld & Cardot) Wijk & Margad.

Rhacocarpus rubrocinctus

authorship: (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) Paris

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 350 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Purple-tipped Rhacocarp
Royal Rock Moss

value: lithophyte

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: rhacocarpus-rehmannianus

scientific: Rhacocarpus rehmannianus

epithet: rehmannianus


slug: rhadamanthus-ciliatus

scientific: Rhadamanthus ciliatus

authorship: (L.f.) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & M.Á.Alonso

genus: Rhadamanthus

epithet: ciliatus

family: Asparagaceae

Drimia ciliata

authorship: (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

Urginea ciliata

authorship: (L.f.) Baker

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

continent: AFRICA

region: Southern Africa

lifeform: bulbous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 119 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Phytotaxa 610(1): 71


slug: rhadamanthus-convallarioides

scientific: Rhadamanthus convallarioides

authorship: (L.f.) Salisb. ex Baker

epithet: convallarioides

Rhadamanthus convallarioides

authorship: (L.f.) Salisb.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 36 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
African Snowdrop
Sedge Squill

authors: (L.f.) Salisb. ex Baker

published_in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 434


slug: rhadamanthus-rigidifolius

scientific: Rhadamanthus rigidifolius

authorship: (Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & M.Á.Alonso

epithet: rigidifolius

Drimia sclerophylla

authorship: J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

Urginea rigidifolia

authorship: Baker

published_in: Phytotaxa 610(1): 72


slug: rhagadiolus-edulis

scientific: Rhagadiolus edulis

authorship: Gaertn.

genus: Rhagadiolus

epithet: edulis

family: Asteraceae

Cichorium rhagadiolus

authorship: (L.) E.H.L.Krause

Rhagadiolus edulis var. integrifolius

authorship: Bisch.

Rhagadiolus intermedius

authorship: Ten.

Rhagadiolus lampsanifolius

authorship: Mirb.

Rhagadiolus lampsanoides

authorship: Desf.

Rhagadiolus lyratus

authorship: Lam.

Rhagadiolus rigidus

authorship: Pomel

Rhagadiolus stellatus subsp. edulis

authorship: (Gaertn.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Rhagadiolus stellatus var. intermedius

authorship: (Ten.) DC.

codes: ALG MOR CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL TCS TUR BAL BUL COR FRA GRC ITA KRI KRY YUG POR SAR SIC SPA TUE UKR

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

region: Western Asia

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Palestine

code: PAL

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

continent: EUROPE

region: Southwestern Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

region: Southeastern Europe

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

Krym

code: KRY

region: Eastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

Türkiye-in-Europe

code: TUE

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 247 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: رَغَدْيولُس مَأْكول

names: Rhagadiole doux, Rhagadiole comestible, Lampsane rhagadiole

names:
כּוֹכְבָן נֶאֱכָל
כוכבן נאכל

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhagadiolus-stellatus

scientific: Rhagadiolus stellatus

authorship: (L.) Gaertn.

epithet: stellatus

preferred: endive daisy

Lapsana rhagadiolus

authorship: L.

Rhagadiolus hebelaenus

authorship: (DC.) Vassilcz.

Rhagadiolus leiocarpus

authorship: (DC.) A.W.Hill

Rhagadiolus rhagadiolus

authorship: Dörfl.

Rhagadiolus stellatus var. eriocarpus

authorship: Faure & Maire

Rhagadiolus stellatus var. hebelaenus

authorship: DC.

Rhagadiolus stellatus var. indivisus

authorship: Viv.

Rhagadiolus stellatus var. leiolaenus

authorship: Boiss.

codes: ALG CNY EGY LBY MDR MOR TUN CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS NCS PAL SIN TCS TUR ALB BAL BGM BUL COR FRA GER GRB GRC ITA KRI YUG POL POR SAR SIC SPA SWI TUE

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Madeira

code: MDR

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Palestine

code: PAL

Sinai

code: SIN

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Albania

code: ALB

Belgium

code: BGM

region: Middle Europe

Germany

code: GER

Great Britain

code: GRB

region: Northern Europe

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 243 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
إبْرَة العَجوز
رَغَدْيولُس نَـجْمي

names:
Рагадиолюс звездчатый
Рагадиолюс звёздчатый

names:
כּוֹכְבָן מָצוּי
כוכבן מצוי

names: Звездовиден рагадиолус


slug: rhamnidium-elaeocarpum

scientific: Rhamnidium elaeocarpum

authorship: Reissek

genus: Rhamnidium

epithet: elaeocarpum

family: Rhamnaceae

Karwinskia oblongifolia

authorship: Rusby

Rhamnidium oblongifolium

authorship: Britton & P.Wilson

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC ECU PAR PER

Bolivia

code: BOL

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Ecuador

code: ECU

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

lifeform: tree

climate: seasonally dry tropical

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names: Azeitona Cabrito

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Leontopithecus chrysopygus
Leontopithecus rosalia
Piaractus mesopotamicus
Alouatta caraya
Aratinga aurea
Aratinga leucophthalma
Brotogeris versicolurus
Brycon hilarii

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: tree

value: deciduous

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

authors: Reissek


slug: rhamnus-alaternus

scientific: Rhamnus alaternus

genus: Rhamnus

epithet: alaternus

preferred: Mediterranean Buckthorn

english:
Mediterranean Buckthorn
Italian buckthorn

Alaternus angustifolia

authorship: Mill.

Alaternus balearica

authorship: Duhamel ex Steud.

Alaternus hispanicus

authorship: hort. ex Steud.

Alaternus integrifolius

authorship: Raf.

Rhamnus clusii

authorship: Willd.

Rhamnus coriacea

authorship: Buch

Rhamnus hispanica

authorship: hort. ex K.Koch

Rhamnus jacobi-salvadorii

authorship: O.Bolòs & Vigo

Rhamnus pendula

authorship: Pamp.

Rhamnus philyca

authorship: Bubani

Rhamnus picenensis

authorship: Duval-Jouve

Rhamnus racemosa

authorship: Duhamel

Rhamnus tripolitana

authorship: Engl.

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR ALB BAL COR FRA GRC ITA YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2043 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mediterranean Buckthorn
Evergreen buckthorn

names:
مران
نبق متبادل الأوراق

names: Жостер вечнозеленый

names:
Nerprun Alaterne
Nerprun alaterne, Alaterne

names: אשחר רחב-עלים

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Chrysoperla carnea
Harmonia axyridis
Lasioglossum minutulum
Lasioglossum monstrificum
Lasioglossum pygmaeum

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus terrestris lusitanicus
Bombus vosnesenskii
Celastrina argiolus
Colletes cyanescens
Eristalis pertinax

partners:
Asphondylia borzi
Bombus terrestris lusitanicus
Bucculatrix alaternella
Crematogaster scutellaris
Eristalis tenax
Rosetea rosetella
Scaeva selenitica
Trioza kiefferi

partners:
Agrilus roscidus
Synophropsis lauri
Turdus merula
Abraxas sylvata
Acrobasis romanella
Agrilus cyanescens
Agrilus graecus
Alosterna tabacicolor

partners:
Aphytis aonidiae
Cirrospilus vittatus
Torymus erucarum
Trioza kiefferi


slug: rhamnus-alnifolia

scientific: Rhamnus alnifolia

authorship: L'Hér.

epithet: alnifolia

preferred: Alderleaf Buckthorn

english:
Alderleaf Buckthorn
alderleaf buckthorn

Apetlorhamnus alnifolia

authorship: (L'Hér.) Nieuwl.

Endotropis alnifolia

authorship: (L'Hér.) Hauenschild

Girtanneria alnifolia

authorship: (L'Hér.) Raf.

Rhamnus franguloides

authorship: Michx.

codes: ABT BRC CAL CNT IDA ILL INI IOW KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MNT NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NDA NSC OHI ONT ORE PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SDA TEN UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Western Canada

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

New Brunswick

code: NBR

region: Eastern Canada

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

North Dakota

code: NDA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2004 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Hyphantria cunea
Orgyia leucostigma
Ursus americanus
Ursus arctos


slug: rhamnus-alpina

scientific: Rhamnus alpina

authorship: L.

epithet: alpina

Alaternus alpinus

authorship: Moench

Frangula latifolia

authorship: Mill.

Oreoherzogia alpina

authorship: (L.) W.Vent

Rhamnus alpina f. brevifolia

authorship: (Lange) Rivas Mart. & J.M.Pizarro

Rhamnus alpina var. brevifolia

authorship: Lange

Rhamnus imeretia

authorship: hort. ex Dippel

Rhamnus kabylica

authorship: (Maire) Grubov

codes: ALG MOR COR FRA ITA SAR SPA SWI

Algeria

code: ALG

Morocco

code: MOR

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Italy

code: ITA

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 610 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Cryptocephalus
Triphosa dubitata

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: berry

authors: L.


slug: rhamnus-cathartica

scientific: Rhamnus cathartica

epithet: cathartica

preferred: common buckthorn

english:
common buckthorn
purging buckthorn

source: inat

Cervispina cathartica

authorship: (L.) Moench

Rhamnus cadevalli

authorship: Pau

Rhamnus elbursensis

authorship: Gauba & Rech.f.

Rhamnus hydriensis

authorship: Hacq.

Rhamnus wichellii

authorship: hort. ex K.Koch

Rhamnus wihhor

authorship: Luce

Rhamnus willdenowiana

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

codes: ALG MOR ALT IRN KAZ KGZ LBS NCS TZK TCS TUR UZB WSB CHX ALB AUT BLT BLR BGM BUL RUC CZE DEN RUE FIN FRA GER GRB GRC HUN IRE ITA KRY YUG NET RUN NOR POL POR ROM SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

North Caucasus

code: NCS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

Baltic States

code: BLT

Belarus

code: BLR

Belgium

code: BGM

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Denmark

code: DEN

East European Russia

code: RUE

Finland

code: FIN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2036 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Physcion

activities: Antiseptic Calcium-Antagonist Cathartic Pesticide Purgative

Chrysophanic-acid

activities: Antispasmodic Calcium-Antagonist Fungicide Keratitigenic Occuloirritant Pesticide

Ascorbic-acid

activities: Acidulant Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Analgesic Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker AntiAGE AntiCFS AntiCTS AntiCrohn's

Pectin

activities: Antiatheromic Antibacterial Antidiabetic Antidiarrheic Antienteritic Antigallstone Antigastritic Antilithic

source: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database

note: A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant.

names:
Крушина слабительная
Жостер слабительный

names: Жостір проносний

partners:
Andrena chrysosceles
Andrena cineraria
Andrena flavipes
Andrena fucata
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena helvola
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena nitida

partners:
Andrena chrysosceles
Andrena cineraria
Andrena flavipes
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena helvola
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena nitida
Apis mellifera

partners:
Aequsomatus annulatus
Andrena haemorrhoa
Andrena nigroaenea
Andrena scotica
Calligrapha philadelphica
Erysiphe friesii
Eupsilia transversa
Gonepteryx rhamni

partners:
Erithacus rubecula
Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia atricapilla
Turdus iliacus
Turdus merula
Turdus philomelos
Turdus pilaris

partners:
Zygina suavis
Aphis gossypii
Aphis nasturtii
Choristoneura diversana
Eulia ministrana
Exapate congelatella
Hyphantria cunea
Philereme vetulata

partners:
Puccinia coronata
Ageniaspis testaceipes
Cirrospilus lyncus
Cirrospilus vittatus
Coccophagus lycimnia
Erysiphe friesii
Tamarixia pubescens
Torymus rhamni

partners:
Aphis glycines
Drosophila suzukii
Puccinia coronata

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: rhamnus-crenulata

scientific: Rhamnus crenulata

authorship: Aiton

epithet: crenulata

Canary Is.

code: CNY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Espinero
Espino negro

partners:
Cyanistes teneriffae
Erithacus rubecula
Sylvia atricapilla
Sylvia melanocephala
Turdus merula

value: 3 m

label: Flower colour

value: green

label: Flowering months

value: Dec-Apr

authors: Aiton

published_in: Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 1: 263

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-crocea

scientific: Rhamnus crocea

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: crocea

preferred: Redberry Buckthorn

english:
Redberry Buckthorn
redberry buckthorn

Endotropis crocea

authorship: (Nutt.) Hauenschild

Endotropis crocea subsp. ilicifolia

authorship: (Kellogg) Hauenschild

Endotropis crocea subsp. pilosa

authorship: (Trel. ex Curran) Hauenschild

Endotropis crocea subsp. pirifolia

authorship: (Greene) Hauenschild

Rhamnus crocea var. ilicifolia

authorship: (Kellogg) Greene

Rhamnus crocea var. pilosa

authorship: Trel. ex Curran

Rhamnus crocea var. pirifolia

authorship: (Greene) Little

Rhamnus ilicifolia

authorship: Kellogg

Rhamnus pilosa

authorship: (Trel. ex Curran) Abrams

Rhamnus pirifolia

authorship: Greene

codes: ARI CAL MXI MXE MXN NEV ORE

Arizona

code: ARI

California

code: CAL

Mexican Pacific Is.

code: MXI

region: Mexico

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Nevada

code: NEV

Oregon

code: ORE

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2037 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

species: Cercocarpus betuloides

slug: cercocarpus-betuloides

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Dialictus
Eristalis hirta
Halictus tripartitus
Incisalia irioides
Junonia coenia
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossum sisymbrii
Polistes dorsalis

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Chamaea fasciata
Cortodera cubitalis
Eristalis hirta
Icteria virens
Incisalia irioides
Odocoileus hemionus columbianus
Pipilo maculatus
Piranga ludoviciana

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

source: USDA PLANTS

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

label: Growth rate

value: slow

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(2): 261


slug: rhamnus-davurica

scientific: Rhamnus davurica

authorship: Pall.

epithet: davurica

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 721 (1776)

preferred: Dahurian buckthorn

Cornus citrifolia

authorship: Weston

Rhamnus cathartica var. dahurica

authorship: Maxim.

Rhamnus citrifolia var. nipponica

authorship: (Makino) W.J.Hess & Stearn

Rhamnus davurica subsp. nipponica

authorship: (Makino) Kartesz & Gandhi

Rhamnus nipponica

authorship: (Makino) Grubov

Rhamnus sinensis

authorship: Ser. ex Rondot

codes: AMU BRY CHN CTA CHI JAP KHA KOR CHM MON PRM

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

China North-Central

code: CHN

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 176 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 鼠李 臭李子

label: Growth habit

value: May-Jun


slug: rhamnus-diffusa

scientific: Rhamnus diffusa

authorship: Clos

epithet: diffusa

Colletia maytenoides

authorship: Griseb.

Condalia maytenoides

authorship: Miers

Rhamnus maytenoides

authorship: Weberb.

Sciadophila maytenoides

authorship: Phil.

codes: CLC CLS

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 68 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Woodiness

authors: Clos

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-erythroxylum

scientific: Rhamnus erythroxylum

epithet: erythroxylum

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 722 (1776)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 122 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 窄叶鼠李 柳叶鼠李

names: Жостер краснодревесный

authors: Pall.

published_in: Reise Russ. Reich. 3(2): App. 722


slug: rhamnus-fallax

scientific: Rhamnus fallax

authorship: Boiss.

epithet: fallax

Atadinus fallax

authorship: (Boiss.) Hauenschild

Oreoherzogia fallax

authorship: (Boiss.) W.Vent

Rhamnus crini

authorship: Orph. ex Boiss.

codes: LBS TUR ALB AUT BUL GRC ITA YUG

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

region: Western Asia

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 367 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Boiss.

published_in: Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 5: 73

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-formosana

scientific: Rhamnus formosana

authorship: Matsum.

epithet: formosana

Taiwan

code: TAI

lifeform: scrambling shrub or tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 449 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 台湾鼠李 桶鉤藤

label: Life cycle

value: perennial

authors: Matsum.

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12: 22

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-glandulosa

scientific: Rhamnus glandulosa

authorship: Aiton

epithet: glandulosa

Alaternus glandulosus

authorship: (Aiton) Raf.

codes: CNY MDR

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Madeira

code: MDR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 153 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Sanguinho Sanguinho-da-Madeira

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

published_in: Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 1: 265

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-imeretina

scientific: Rhamnus imeretina

authorship: Booth, Petz. & G.Kirchn.

epithet: imeretina

Atadinus imeretinus

authorship: (Booth, Petz. & G.Kirchn.) Hauenschild

Oreoherzogia imeretina

authorship: (Booth, Petz. & G.Kirchn.) W.Vent

Rhamnus colchica

authorship: (Kusnez.) Sommier & Levier

codes: TCS TUR

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

region: Caucasus

value: shrub

label: Height

value: 4 m

authors: Booth, Petz. & G.Kirchn.

published_in: Arbor. Muscav. [Petzold & Kirchner] 344 (1864); cf. W. Vent in Fedde, Repert. lxv. 62 (1962)


slug: rhamnus-kanagusukii

scientific: Rhamnus kanagusukii

authorship: Makino

epithet: kanagusukii

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

names: 变叶鼠李 變葉鼠李

value: woody

authors: Makino

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 221


slug: rhamnus-lanceolata

scientific: Rhamnus lanceolata

authorship: Pursh

epithet: lanceolata

preferred: lanceleaf buckthorn

Cardiolepis nigra

authorship: Raf.

Endotropis lanceolata

authorship: (Pursh) Hauenschild

Endotropis lanceolata subsp. glabrata

authorship: (Gleason) Hauenschild

Rhamnus lanceolata subsp. glabrata

authorship: (Gleason) Kartesz & Gandhi

Rhamnus lanceolata var. glabrata

authorship: Gleason

Rhamnus shortii

authorship: Nutt.

codes: ALA ARK DEL ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MRY MSI MSO NEB NWJ NCA OHI OKL PEN SDA TEN TEX VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Delaware

code: DEL

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maryland

code: MRY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Jersey

code: NWJ

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Dakota

code: SDA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 79 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Acanthoscelides obtectus
Agrothereutes limatus
Andrena aliciae
Andrena carlini
Andrena miserabilis
Anthocomus erichsoni
Atrichopogon websteri
Chaetochlorops inquilinus

partners:
Andrena cressonii
Andrena mandibularis
Agapostemon sericeus
Allograpta obliqua
Ancistrocerus tigris
Andrena erythrogaster
Andrena miserabilis
Andrena nasonii

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-liukiuensis

scientific: Rhamnus liukiuensis

authorship: (E.H.Wilson) Koidz.

epithet: liukiuensis

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 118 (1935)

codes: JAP NNS TAI

Japan

code: JAP

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Taiwan

code: TAI

names: リュウキュウクロウメモドキ

authors: (E.H.Wilson) Koidz.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4(2): 118


slug: rhamnus-ludovici-salvatoris

scientific: Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris

authorship: Chodat

epithet: ludovici-salvatoris

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 1: 243 (1909)

Rhamnus alaternus var. balearica

authorship: DC.

Rhamnus balearica

authorship: Willk.

codes: BAL SPA

Baleares

code: BAL

region: Southwestern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

iucn_category: EN

label: Endangered

label: Life form

value: phanerophyte

authors: Chodat

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève Ser. II, i. 243 (1909)


slug: rhamnus-lycioides

scientific: Rhamnus lycioides

authorship: L.

epithet: lycioides

preferred: European buckthorn

english:
European buckthorn
black hawthorn
mediterranean buckthorn

Rhamnus amasiensis

authorship: Bornm.

Rhamnus graeca

authorship: Boiss. & Reut.

Rhamnus heldreichii

authorship: Boiss.

Rhamnus hispanorum

authorship: Gand.

Rhamnus illyrica

authorship: Griseb. ex Pant.

Verlangia sicula

authorship: Neck. ex Raf.

codes: ALG MOR CYP EAI LBS PAL TUR BAL GRC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Morocco

code: MOR

Cyprus

code: CYP

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Palestine

code: PAL

Türkiye

code: TUR

Greece

code: GRC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1370 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
European buckthorn
black hawthorn

published_in: Fl. Ross. (Pallas) 1(2): 26

reason: Only 20 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-myrtifolia

scientific: Rhamnus myrtifolia

epithet: myrtifolia

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN SPA

Libya

code: LBY

Tunisia

code: TUN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 156 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Italian buckthorn
Mediterranean buckthorn

names: Жостер миртолистный

names: Nerprun à feuilles de myrte, Nerprun cassant

type: dispersedBy

label: Dispersed by

partners:
Phoenicurus ochruros
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Turdus merula

authors: Willk.

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-nakaharae

scientific: Rhamnus nakaharae

authorship: (Hayata) Hayata

epithet: nakaharae

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 61 (1911)

Rhamnus arguta var. nakaharae

authorship: Hayata

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 中原氏鼠李 台中鼠李

authors: Hayata

published_in: J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(Art. 1):  61

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: rhamnus-oleoides

scientific: Rhamnus oleoides

epithet: oleoides

Rhamnus amygdalina

authorship: Desf.

Rhamnus cuneifolia

authorship: Poir.

Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides

authorship: (L.) Jahand. & Maire

Rhamnus lycioides var. libyca

authorship: (Asch. & Schweinf.) Täckh. & Boulos

Rhamnus oleoides subsp. amygdalina

authorship: (Desf.) Stübing, Peris & Figuerola

Rhamnus oleoides subsp. libyca

authorship: (Asch. & Schweinf.) Brullo & Furnari

Rhamnus oleoides var. angustifolia

authorship: Lange

codes: ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN EAI IRN SAU TUR BAL FRA GRC KRI POR SAR SIC SPA

Egypt

code: EGY

Iran

code: IRN

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

France

code: FRA

Kriti

code: KRI

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 599 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: chamaephyte

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: rhamnus-parvifolia

scientific: Rhamnus parvifolia

authorship: Bunge

epithet: parvifolia

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. : 14 (1833)

Rhamnus parvifolia var. tumetica

authorship: (Grub.) E.W.Ma

Rhamnus polymorpha

authorship: Turcz.

Rhamnus tumetica

authorship: Grubov

codes: BRY CHN CHS CTA CHI KOR CHM MON TAI THA

Buryatiya

code: BRY

region: Siberia

China North-Central

code: CHN

China Southeast

code: CHS

Chita

code: CTA

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

Taiwan

code: TAI

Thailand

code: THA

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indo-China

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 85 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 小叶鼠李 小葉鼠李

label: Eaten by

partners:
Eurema hecabe
Leptosia nina

value: 2 m

label: Photosynthetic pathway

authors: Bunge

published_in: Enum. Pl. China Bor. [A.A. von Bunge] 14

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-pichleri

scientific: Rhamnus pichleri

authorship: C.K.Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.

epithet: pichleri

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 36 (1931)

codes: EAI TUR

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

Türkiye

code: TUR

lifeform: subshrub

authors: C.K.Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 36, in adnot

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: rhamnus-pilushanensis

scientific: Rhamnus pilushanensis

authorship: Y.C.Liu & C.M.Wang

epithet: pilushanensis

published_in: Bull. Exp. Forest Natl. Taiwan Univ. 12: 20 (1990)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 59 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 畢祿山鼠李 毕禄山鼠李

authors: Y.C.Liu & C.M.Wang

published_in: Bull. Exp. Forest Natl. Taiwan Univ. 12(1): 20 (-21; fig.14)

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-prinoides

scientific: Rhamnus prinoides

authorship: L'Hér.

epithet: prinoides

Alaternus prinoides

authorship: (L'Hér.) Raf.

Rhamnus celtifolia

authorship: Thunb.

Rhamnus pauciflora

authorship: Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Ziziphus lucida

authorship: Moench

authorship: Moon ex Thwaites

codes: ANG CMN CPP ZAI ERI SWZ ETH OFS KEN NAT LES MLW MOZ TVL RWA SUD TAN UGA ZAM ZIM YEM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Cameroon

code: CMN

region: West-Central Tropical Africa

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eritrea

code: ERI

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Free State

code: OFS

Kenya

code: KEN

region: East Tropical Africa

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Lesotho

code: LES

Malawi

code: MLW

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Rwanda

code: RWA

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

Uganda

code: UGA

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

Yemen

code: YEM

climate: montane tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Glossy Leaf
Glossy-Leaf

names: Blinkblaar Camdeboo

names: munanira umunanira

names: muguru murima

names: inyenye liNyenye

names: ulunyenye umGlindi

names:
Amaswidi ezinyoni
Unyenye

partners:
Nigrita canicapillus
Ploceus ocularis
Pogoniulus bilineatus
Pycnonotus barbatus
Sylvia atricapilla
Zosterops senegalensis

partners:
Anthoscopus caroli
Apalis rufogularis
Arizelocichla fusciceps
Arizelocichla masukuensis
Arizelocichla milanjensis
Atimastillas flavicollis
Baeopogon indicator
Bathmocercus rufus


slug: rhamnus-pumila

scientific: Rhamnus pumila

authorship: Turra

epithet: pumila

published_in: Giorn. Italia Sci. Nat. 1(15): 120. 1764 [13 Oct 1764] (as pumilus)

Alaternus pumilus

authorship: Raf.

Atadinus pumilus

authorship: (Turra) Hauenschild

Frangula rotundifolia

authorship: Mill.

Oreoherzogia pumila

authorship: (Turra) W.Vent

Rhamnus alpina var. valentina

authorship: (Willd.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Rhamnus neapolitana

authorship: (DC.) Link

Rhamnus pusilla

authorship: Ten.

Rhamnus repens

authorship: Page

Rhamnus subsempervirens

authorship: hort. ex K.Koch

Rhamnus valentina

authorship: Willd.

Rhamnus villarsii

authorship: Link

codes: MOR ALB AUT FRA GER GRC ITA YUG SAR SPA SWI

Morocco

code: MOR

Albania

code: ALB

Austria

code: AUT

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Sardegna

code: SAR

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 582 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Leaf retention

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jul


slug: rhamnus-purandharensis

scientific: Rhamnus purandharensis

authorship: Bhandari & Bhansali

epithet: purandharensis

authors: Bhandari & Bhansali

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: rhamnus-saxatilis

scientific: Rhamnus saxatilis

authorship: Jacq.

epithet: saxatilis

published_in: Enum. Stirp. Vindob. : 39 (1762)

preferred: rock buckthorn

Cervispina saxatilis

authorship: Fourr.

Frangula saxatilis

authorship: Cramer

Girtanneria saxatilis

authorship: Neck.

Rhamnus baphicoccus

authorship: Rothm.

Rhamnus cardiocarpa

authorship: Willd. ex Schult.

Rhamnus carniolica

authorship: Kern.

Rhamnus dumosa

authorship: hort. ex Dippel

Rhamnus tinctoria

authorship: Waldst. & Kit.

Rhamnus transsilvanica

authorship: Schur

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA YUG ROM SPA SWI

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Hungary

code: HUN

Romania

code: ROM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 402 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Avignonkorn
Franska gulbär

label: Visited by

partners:
Euphydryas aurinia
Jalla dumosa
Pseudophilotes baton

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhamnus-ussuriensis

scientific: Rhamnus ussuriensis

epithet: ussuriensis

published_in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 115 (-119; fig. 1). 1940

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 40 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 乌苏里鼠李 乌苏里鼠李树皮

names:
Жестер уссурийский
Жостер уссурийский


slug: rhamnus-utilis

scientific: Rhamnus utilis

authorship: Decne.

epithet: utilis

published_in: Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 44: 1141 (1857)

preferred: Chinese buckthorn

Rhamnus cathartica var. intermedia

authorship: Maxim.

Rhamnus chingshuiensis var. tashanensis

authorship: Y.C.Liu & C.M.Wang

Rhamnus macrophylla

authorship: Carrière

Rhamnus shozyoensis

authorship: Nakai

Rhamnus sieboldiana

authorship: Makino

Rhamnus utilis f. glabra

authorship: Rehder

Rhamnus utilis var. multinervis

authorship: Y.Q.Zhu & D.K.Zang

codes: AMU CHN CHC CHS CHI KHA KOR CHM MON PRM TAI VIE

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

region: Eastern Asia

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Taiwan

code: TAI

Vietnam

code: VIE

names:
Chinese buckthorn
frozen green buckthorn

names: 鼠李 冻绿

label: Flower-visited by

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

value: 5 m

published_in: Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. xliv. (1857) 1141


slug: rhamnus-wightii

scientific: Rhamnus wightii

authorship: Wight & Arn.

epithet: wightii

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. : 164 (1834)

Ceanothus wightianus

authorship: Wall.

codes: IND NEP SRL

India

code: IND

region: Indian Subcontinent

Nepal

code: NEP

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

authors: Wight & Arn.

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 164


slug: rhamphicarpa-fistulosa

scientific: Rhamphicarpa fistulosa

authorship: (Hochst.) Benth.

genus: Rhamphicarpa

epithet: fistulosa

family: Orobanchaceae

Buchnera longiflora

authorship: Arn.

Macrosiphon fistulosus

authorship: Hochst.

Rhamphicarpa longiflora

authorship: Benth.

codes: ANG BEN BOT BKN CMN CAF CHA CON ZAI SWZ ETH GAB GAM GHA GUI GNB IVO KEN MDG MLW MLI MTN MOZ NGR NGA TVL SEN SUD TAN TOG UGA ZAM ZIM IND

Angola

code: ANG

Benin

code: BEN

region: West Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Burkina

code: BKN

Cameroon

code: CMN

Central African Republic

code: CAF

Chad

code: CHA

Congo

code: CON

DR Congo

code: ZAI

Eswatini

code: SWZ

Ethiopia

code: ETH

Gabon

code: GAB

Gambia

code: GAM

Ghana

code: GHA

Guinea

code: GUI

Guinea-Bissau

code: GNB

Ivory Coast

code: IVO

Kenya

code: KEN

Madagascar

code: MDG

region: Western Indian Ocean

Malawi

code: MLW

Mali

code: MLI

Mauritania

code: MTN

Mozambique

code: MOZ

Niger

code: NGR

Nigeria

code: NGA

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Senegal

code: SEN

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Tanzania

code: TAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

reason: Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhaphidophora-australasica

scientific: Rhaphidophora australasica

genus: Rhaphidophora

epithet: australasica

family: Araceae

published_in: Queensland Agric. J.  1: 453 (1897)

preferred: needle berry

Rhaphidophora hollrungii

authorship: Engl.

codes: NWG NTA QLD

New Guinea

code: NWG

region: Papuasia

Northern Territory

code: NTA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 61 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Рафидофора австралазийская

value: herb

value: non-woody

published_in: Queensland Agric. J. i. 452


slug: rhaphidophora-decursiva

scientific: Rhaphidophora decursiva

authorship: (Roxb.) Schott

epithet: decursiva

published_in: Bonplandia (Hannover)  5: 45 (1857)

Monstera multijuga

authorship: K.Koch ex Ender

Pothos decursivus

authorship: Roxb.

Raphidophora decursiva

authorship: (Roxb.) A.Schott

Rhaphidophora affinis

authorship: Schott

codes: CHC CHS CHH CHT AND ASS BAN CBD EHM IND LAO MYA NEP NCB SRL THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Tibet

code: CHT

Andaman Is.

code: AND

Assam

code: ASS

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Nicobar Is.

code: NCB

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 137 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 爬樹龍 崖角藤/过山龙

names: guaimbê-sulcado rafidófora

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhaphidophora-hayi

scientific: Rhaphidophora hayi

authorship: P.C.Boyce & Bogner

epithet: hayi

published_in: Gard. Bull. Singapore  52: 91 (2000)

codes: BIS NWG SOL QLD

Bismarck Archipelago

code: BIS

New Guinea

code: NWG

Solomon Is.

code: SOL

Queensland

code: QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 208 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: P.C.Boyce & Bogner

published_in: Gard. Bull. Singapore 52(1): 91


slug: rhaphidophora-korthalsii

scientific: Rhaphidophora korthalsii

epithet: korthalsii

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi  1: 129 (1863)

Epipremnum multicephalum

authorship: Elmer

authorship: Elmer ex Merr.

Pothos bifarius

authorship: Wall. ex Hook.f.

Rhaphidophora celatocaulis

authorship: (N.E.Br.) Alderw.

Rhaphidophora grandis

authorship: Ridl.

Rhaphidophora latifolia

authorship: Alderw.

Rhaphidophora palawanensis

authorship: Merr.

Rhaphidophora trukensis

authorship: Hosok.

Scindapsus anomalus

authorship: Carrière

codes: NNS BIS BOR EHM JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SOL SUL SUM THA CRL VAN

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Borneo

code: BOR

region: Malesia

Jawa

code: JAW

Malaya

code: MLY

Maluku

code: MOL

Philippines

code: PHI

Sulawesi

code: SUL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Caroline Is.

code: CRL

continent: PACIFIC

region: Northwestern Pacific

Vanuatu

code: VAN

region: Southwestern Pacific

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 221 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Рафидофора Кортхалса

names: แนบอุราเขียวใหญ่

value: liana

authors: Schott

published_in: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 129

reason: Only 0 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhaphiodon-echinus

scientific: Rhaphiodon echinus

authorship: (Nees & Mart.) Schauer

genus: Rhaphiodon

epithet: echinus

family: Lamiaceae

Hyptis sideritis

authorship: Mart. ex Benth.

Mesosphaerum sideritis

authorship: (Mart. ex Benth.) Kuntze

codes: BZE BZL

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Falsa-menta Hortelã-bravo

partners:
Apis mellifera
Polybia sericea

authors: (Nees & Mart.) Schauer


slug: rhaphiolepis-indica

scientific: Rhaphiolepis indica

authorship: (L.) Lindl.

genus: Rhaphiolepis

epithet: indica

family: Rosaceae

Crataegus chinensis

authorship: Steud.

Crataegus indica

authorship: L.

Crataegus rubra

authorship: Lour.

Crataegus sieboldii

authorship: (Blume) Steud.

Crataegus sinensis

authorship: Loisel.

Mespilus indica

authorship: (L.) Poir.

Mespilus rubra

authorship: Stokes

Mespilus sieboldii

authorship: Blume

Mespilus sinensis

authorship: Poir.

Opa japonica

authorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Seem.

Opa spiralis

authorship: (Blume) Seem.

Pyrus mekongensis

authorship: (Cardot) M.F.Fay & Christenh.

Pyrus rhaphiolepis

authorship: M.F.Fay & Christenh.

Rhaphiolepis delacourii

authorship: André

Rhaphiolepis gracilis

authorship: Nakai

Rhaphiolepis hiiranensis

authorship: Kaneh.

Rhaphiolepis impressivena

authorship: Masam.

Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata

authorship: (Thunb. ex Murray) H.Ohashi

Rhaphiolepis indica var. hiiranensis

authorship: (Kaneh.) H.L.Li

Rhaphiolepis indica var. insularis

authorship: Hatus.

Rhaphiolepis indica var. latifolia

authorship: Cardot

Rhaphiolepis indica var. minor

authorship: (Makino) Kitam.

Rhaphiolepis japonica

authorship: Siebold & Zucc.

Rhaphiolepis loureiroi

authorship: Spreng.

Rhaphiolepis mekongensis

authorship: (Cardot) Tagane & H.Toyama

Rhaphiolepis minor

authorship: (Makino) Koidz.

Rhaphiolepis pheostemon

authorship: Lindl.

Rhaphiolepis rubra

authorship: (Lour.) Lindl.

Rhaphiolepis rubra var. minor

authorship: (Makino) Nakai

Rhaphiolepis sieboldii

authorship: (Blume) Hassk.

Rhaphiolepis sinensis

authorship: (Poir.) M.Roem.

Rhaphiolepis spiralis

authorship: (Blume) G.Don

Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. hiiranensis

authorship: (Kaneh.) Hatus.

Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. minor

authorship: Makino

codes: CHC CHS CHH JAP NNS OGA TAI CBD JAW LAO THA VIE

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Japan

code: JAP

Ogasawara-shoto

code: OGA

Taiwan

code: TAI

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

Laos

code: LAO

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1758 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Рафиолепис индийский

names: アツバシャリンバイ(旧名) シャリンバイ(旧名)

names: ไทรปัตตาเวีย

names: בן עוזרר הודי

partners:
Oxythyrea
Ancistrocladus
Andrena
Andrena crataegi
Andrena prunorum
Apis mellifera
Battus philenor hirsuta
Bombus melanopygus

partners:
Acroceuthes metaxanthana
Argiope keyserlingi
Danaus plexippus
Dielis plumipes
Euphoria sepulcralis
Exaireta spinigera
Habropoda depressa
Lyramorpha rosea

partners:
Etmaria ryukyuensis
Aphis spiraecola
Apis mellifera
Bombus melanopygus
Bombycilla cedrorum
Calypte anna
Columba janthina
Danaus plexippus


slug: rhaphiolepis-umbellata

scientific: Rhaphiolepis umbellata

authorship: (Thunb.) Makino

epithet: umbellata

preferred: Sexton's bride

Laurus umbellata

authorship: Thunb.

Pyrus umbellularia

authorship: M.F.Fay & Christenh.

Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata

authorship: (Thunb.) Hatus.

Rhaphiolepis indica var. liukiuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) Kitam.

Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata

authorship: (Thunb.) H.Ohashi

Rhaphiolepis liukiuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) Nakai

Rhaphiolepis mertensii var. ovata

authorship: (Standish ex J.Dix) Nakai

Rhaphiolepis ovata

authorship: Standish ex J.Dix

Rhaphiolepis umbellata

authorship: (Thumb.) C.K.Schneid.

Rhaphiolepis umbellata f. ovata

authorship: (Standish ex J.Dix) C.K.Schneid.

name: Rhaphiolepis umbellata subsp. liukiuensis

authorship: (Koidz.) Masam. & Yanagih.

Rhaphiolepis umbellata var. ovata

authorship: (Standish ex J.Dix) Asch. & Graebn.

codes: CHS JAP KOR NNS TAI

Korea

code: KOR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 694 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Sexton's bride
Japanese-hawthorn

names: 厚叶石斑木 石斑木叶

partners:
Acytolepis puspa
Archips peratratus
Callophrys ferrea
Celastrina albocoeruleus

value: evergreen

published_in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 13


slug: rhaphithamnus-spinosus

scientific: Rhaphithamnus spinosus

authorship: (Juss.) Moldenke

genus: Rhaphithamnus

epithet: spinosus

family: Verbenaceae

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.  42: 69 (1937)

Citharexylum cyanocarpum

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

authorship: Gay

Citharexylum ovatum

authorship: Turcz.

Citharexylum verticillatum

authorship: Klotzsch ex Walp.

Duranta umbilicata

authorship: Miers

Poeppigia cyanea

authorship: Bert. ex Moldenke

Poeppigia cyanocarpa

authorship: Bertero ex Hook. & Arn.

Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpum

authorship: (Hook. & Arn.) Miers

Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus var. moorei

authorship: Espinosa

Rhaphithamnus macracanthus

authorship: Gand.

Rhaphithamnus myrtifolius

authorship: Miers ex Moldenke

Volkameria spinosa

authorship: Juss.

Volkameria verticillata

authorship: Ruiz & Pav. ex Walp.

codes: AGS CLC CLS

Argentina South

code: AGS

region: Southern South America

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile South

code: CLS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 839 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus dahlbomii
Cadeguala albopilosa
Chrysomelidae
Colletidae
Corynura patagonica
Halictidae
Manettia

partners:
Apis mellifera
Sephanoides sephaniodes
Vanessa
Bombus dahlbomii
Cadeguala albopilosa
Chrysomelidae
Colletidae
Corynura patagonica

authors: (Juss.) Moldenke

published_in: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 69


slug: rhapidophyllum-hystrix

scientific: Rhapidophyllum hystrix

authorship: (Fraser ex Thouin) H.Wendl. & Drude

genus: Rhapidophyllum

epithet: hystrix

family: Arecaceae

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 34: 803 (1876)

preferred: needle palm

Chamaerops hystrix

authorship: (Fraser ex Thouin) Pursh

Corypha hystrix

authorship: Frazer ex Thouin

Rhapis caroliniana

authorship: Kunth

Sabal hystrix

authorship: (Fraser ex Thouin) Nutt.

codes: ALA FLA GEO MSI SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Mississippi

code: MSI

South Carolina

code: SCA

lifeform: subshrub or shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 862 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
needle palm
blue-palmetto

names:
palmier a aiguilles
palmier à aiguilles

partners:
Cephrenes trichopepla
Magia subocellata

value: tree

source: EOL TraitBank / Palm Traits 1.0

authors: (Frazer ex Thouin) H.Wendl. & Drude

published_in: Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 34: 803


slug: rhapis-excelsa

scientific: Rhapis excelsa

authorship: (Thunb.) A.Henry

genus: Rhapis

epithet: excelsa

preferred: bamboo palm

source: usda

Chamaerops excelsa

authorship: Thunb.

Chamaerops excelsa var. gracilis

authorship: Carrière

Chamaerops kwanwortsik

authorship: Siebold ex H.Wendl.

Rhapis divaricata

authorship: Gagnep.

Rhapis flabelliformis

authorship: L'Hér.

name: Rhapis flabelliformis var. foliis-variegatis

authorship: Rothsch.

Rhapis javanica

authorship: Blume

Rhapis kwamwonzick

authorship: Siebold ex Linden

Trachycarpus excelsus

authorship: (Thunb.) H.Wendl.

Trachycarpus excelsus var. fortunei

authorship: Makino

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: CHS CHH VIE

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 396 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Broadleaf Lady Palm
Lady Palm

names: 大叶南苏 棕竹

names: Ráfia palmeira-ráfia

names: Рапис высокий

partners:
Elymnias hypermnestra
Cephrenes trichopepla
Suastus gremius

authors: (Thunb.) A.Henry

published_in: J. Arnold Arbor. 11(3): 153

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol RHEX4

license: public domain


slug: rhaponticoides-africana

scientific: Rhaponticoides africana

authorship: (Lam.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter

genus: Rhaponticoides

epithet: africana

Centaurea africana

authorship: Lam.

Centaurea africana var. tagana

authorship: (Brot.) Maire

Centaurea eriosiphon

authorship: Emb. & Maire

Centaurea simplex

authorship: Cav.

Centaurea tagana

authorship: Brot.

Centaurea tagana var. africana

authorship: (Lam.) Batt.

Rhaponticoides eriosiphon

authorship: (Emb. & Maire) M.V.Agab. & Greuter

codes: ALG LBY MOR TUN POR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

region: Northern Africa

Libya

code: LBY

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

Portugal

code: POR

region: Southwestern Europe

Sicilia

code: SIC

region: Southeastern Europe

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: perennial

value: hemicryptophyte

source: GIFT

authors: (Lam.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter


slug: rhaponticoides-kasakorum

scientific: Rhaponticoides kasakorum

authorship: (Iljin) M.V.Agab. & Greuter

epithet: kasakorum

Centaurea kasakorum

authorship: Iljin

codes: KAZ TKM CHX RUE

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

Xinjiang

code: CHX

region: China

East European Russia

code: RUE

region: Eastern Europe

names: Василёк казахский

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: (Iljin) M.V.Agab. & Greuter


slug: rhaponticoides-ruthenica

scientific: Rhaponticoides ruthenica

epithet: ruthenica

Bielzia schwarzenbergiana

authorship: (Schur) Schur

Centaurea schwarzenbergiana

authorship: Schur

Centaurium ruthenicum

authorship: (Lam.) Cass.

codes: AFG ALT IRN KAZ KGZ NCS TZK TCS UZB CHX PAK RUC RUE ROM RUS UKR

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Iran

code: IRN

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

Pakistan

code: PAK

region: Indian Subcontinent

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Romania

code: ROM

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 616 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 朴树叶 欧亚金矢车菊

names: Василёк русский

names: Волошка руська

label: Parasites

value: May-Aug

reason: Only 23 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhazya-stricta

scientific: Rhazya stricta

authorship: Decne.

genus: Rhazya

epithet: stricta

preferred: Harmal

codes: AFG GST IRN IRQ OMA SAU YEM IND PAK WHM

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iraq

code: IRQ

Oman

code: OMA

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

India

code: IND

West Himalaya

code: WHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 229 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Decne.

published_in: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 4: 80

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)


slug: rheum-alexandrae

scientific: Rheum alexandrae

authorship: Batalin

genus: Rheum

epithet: alexandrae

family: Polygonaceae

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 384 (1894)

codes: CHC CHT

China South-Central

code: CHC

Tibet

code: CHT

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 37 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 水黄 苞叶大黄

names: Ревень Александры

authors: Batalin

published_in: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada xiii. (1894) 384


slug: rheum-australe

scientific: Rheum australe

epithet: australe

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 75 (1825)

Rheum emodii

authorship: Wall. ex Meisn.

codes: CHT EHM MYA NEP PAK WHM

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

names:
Himalayan Rhubarb
Indian rhubarb

names: 水黄 白牛尾七

names: Archu Dohu

published_in: Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 75


slug: rheum-compactum

scientific: Rheum compactum

authorship: L.

epithet: compactum

Rheum nutans

authorship: Pall.

Rheum orientale

authorship: Losinsk.

codes: ALT AMU BRY CTA IRK KAM KAZ KHA KRA MAG MON PRM TVA CHX YAK

Altay

code: ALT

Amur

code: AMU

region: Russian Far East

Buryatiya

code: BRY

Chita

code: CTA

Irkutsk

code: IRK

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Krasnoyarsk

code: KRA

Magadan

code: MAG

Mongolia

code: MON

region: Mongolia

Primorye

code: PRM

Tuva

code: TVA

Xinjiang

code: CHX

Yakutiya

code: YAK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 400 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
密序大黄
a er tai da huang

names:
Ревень алтайский
Ревень компактный

names: Нягт гишүүнэ

value: 1 m

value: Jun

authors: L.


slug: rheum-nanum

scientific: Rheum nanum

authorship: Siev. ex Pall.

epithet: nanum

published_in: Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 10: 381 (1797)

Rheum cruentum

authorship: Siev.

codes: ALT CHN CHI KAZ MON CHX

China North-Central

code: CHN

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 155 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
矮大黄
ai da huang

names: Ревень низкий

names: Намхан Гишүүнэ

value: perennial

authors: Siev. ex Pall.


slug: rheum-rhabarbarum

scientific: Rheum rhabarbarum

epithet: rhabarbarum

preferred: Rhubarb

english:
Rhubarb
garden rhubarb
rhubarb

source: wikidata

Rhabarbarum verum

authorship: Garsault

Rheum franzenbachii

authorship: Münter

Rheum undulatum var. longifolium

authorship: C.Y.Cheng & T.C.Kao

codes: BRY CHN CHC CTA CHI IRK CHM MON

China South-Central

code: CHC

Manchuria

code: CHM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1390 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

Rutin

activities: 5-HT-Inhibitor Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelochemic AntiCVI Antiaggregant Antiallergic Antiapoplectic

Oxalic-acid

activities: Acaricide Antiseptic CNS-Paralytic Fatal Hemostatic Irritant Pesticide Renotoxic

Alpha-tocopherol

activities: Antialzheimeran Antianginal Antiarthritic Antiasthmatic Antiatherosclerotic Anticancer Anticataract Anticonvulsant

Gallic-acid

activities: ACE-Inhibitor Analgesic AntiHIV AntiMRSA Antiadenovirus Antiallergenic Antianaphylactic Antiangiogenic

P-coumaric-acid

activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticlastogen Antifertility Antihepatotoxic Antileukemic Antinitrosaminic

Lutein

activities:
Antiatherosclerotic
Anticancer (Breast)
Antimaculitic
Antinyctalopic
Antioxidant
Antiproliferant
Antiradicular
Antiretinitic Optometry

names:
rhubarb
garden rhubarb

names: ruibarbo wineplant

names: 华北大黄 小大黄

names:
Ревень волнистый
Ревень обыкновенный

names:
Gemüse-Rhabarber
Gewöhnlicher Rhabarber

names:
Rhubarbe
Rhubarbe des jardins

names:
Rabarbaro
rabarbaro commune

names: daehwang 대황

names:
Tuinrabarber
Gegolfde rabarber

names:
Rabarbar kędzierzawy
Rzewień kędzierzawy

names: rabarber Matrabarber

names: hagerabarbra rabarbra

partners:
Bombus
Lasioglossum semilucens

partners:
Anthrenus verbasci
Bibio albipennis
Bombus impatiens
Cycnia tenera
Lasioglossum semilucens
Malachius aeneus
Pieris rapae
Polygonia comma

partners:
Agrotis exclamationis
Cetonia aurata
Coreus marginatus
Cornu aspersum
Mordellochroa abdominalis
Vanessa atalanta

partners:
Ostrinia nubilalis
Acronicta rumicis
Ametastegia equiseti
Ametastegia glabrata
Andrena haemorrhoa
Anthrenus pimpinellae
Aphis acetosae
Aphis fabae

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Cherry leaf roll virus
Puccinia otagensis

value: geophyte

value: 4 m


slug: rheum-tataricum

scientific: Rheum tataricum

epithet: tataricum

Rheum songaricum

authorship: Schrenk.

codes: KAZ UZB CHX RUE RUS UKR

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

Ukraine

code: UKR

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 519 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
圆叶大黄
yuan ye da huang

names: Ревень татарский

label: Growth habit

value: Apr-May

published_in: Suppl. Pl. 229


slug: rheum-turkestanicum

scientific: Rheum turkestanicum

authorship: Janischew.

epithet: turkestanicum

published_in: Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Rossiisk. Akad. Nauk 8: 92 (1922)

Rheum megalophyllum

authorship: Sumnev.

Rheum rupestre

authorship: Litv. ex Losinsk.

Rheum turanicum

authorship: Litv.

codes: IRN KAZ TZK TCS TKM UZB

Iran

code: IRN

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Turkmenistan

code: TKM

names: Ревень туркестанский

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

label: Woodiness

value: Apr

authors: Janischew.

published_in: Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. viii. 92 (1922)


slug: rheum-webbianum

scientific: Rheum webbianum

authorship: Royle

epithet: webbianum

codes: CHT NEP PAK WHM

Tibet

code: CHT

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 喜马拉雅大黄 小大黄

label: Life cycle

value: Aug

authors: Royle

published_in: Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] pt. 9: 318


slug: rhexia-alifanus

scientific: Rhexia alifanus

authorship: Walter

genus: Rhexia

epithet: alifanus

family: Melastomataceae

preferred: savannah meadowbeauty

Rhexia glabella

authorship: Michx.

Rhexia glabella var. alifanus

authorship: (Walter) Pursh

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1945 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
savannah meadowbeauty
savannah meadow-beauty

label: Pollinated by

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens

authors: Walter

published_in: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 130


slug: rhexia-aristosa

scientific: Rhexia aristosa

authorship: Britton

epithet: aristosa

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 14 (1890)

preferred: awnpetal meadowbeauty

codes: ALA DEL GEO NWJ NCA SCA VRG

Delaware

code: DEL

New Jersey

code: NWJ

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
awnpetal meadowbeauty
awned meadow beauty

authors: Britton

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17(1): 14, t. 99

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhexia-cubensis

scientific: Rhexia cubensis

authorship: Griseb.

epithet: cubensis

preferred: West Indian meadowbeauty

Rhexia floridana

authorship: Nash

Rhexia mariana var. portoricensis

authorship: Cogn.

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA CUB DOM PUE

Cuba

code: CUB

region: Caribbean

Dominican Republic

code: DOM

Puerto Rico

code: PUE

lifeform: perennial or tuberous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 415 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Odontocorynus larvatus
Odontocorynus salebrosus

authors: Griseb.

published_in: Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 104

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: rhexia-lutea

scientific: Rhexia lutea

epithet: lutea

preferred: yellow meadowbeauty

Alabama

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 885 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
yellow meadowbeauty
golden meadow-beauty

partners:
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus fraternus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens


slug: rhexia-mariana

scientific: Rhexia mariana

authorship: L.

epithet: mariana

preferred: Maryland meadowbeauty

Rhexia angustifolia

authorship: Nutt.

Rhexia delicatula

authorship: Small

Rhexia mariana f. albiflora

authorship: Moldenke

Rhexia mariana var. lanceolata

authorship: (Walter) T.F.Wood & G.J.P.McCarthy

Rhexia mariana var. leiosperma

authorship: Fernald & Griscom

Rhexia trichotoma var. exalbida

authorship: (Michx.) Pers.

codes: ALA ARK DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN SCA TEN TEX VRG WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Missouri

code: MSO

New York

code: NWY

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Tennessee

code: TEN

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1949 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Maryland meadowbeauty
Maryland meadow-beauty

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Augochloropsis anonyma
Bombus fraternus
Bombus pensylvanicus
Colias eurytheme
Typocerus velutinus

quote: an upright (up to 2.5 feet), hairy perennial that frequently spreads to form large colonies.

quote: The pink to lavender or occasionally white flowers are produced from May to October in small clusters near the top of the plant.


slug: rhexia-nashii

scientific: Rhexia nashii

epithet: nashii

preferred: maid Marian

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 526 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
maid Marian
Hairy meadowbeauty

partners:
Plebeia frontalis
Tetragona perangulata
Tetragona ziegleri
Trigonisca schulthessi

authors: Small


slug: rhexia-nuttallii

scientific: Rhexia nuttallii

epithet: nuttallii

preferred: Nuttall's meadowbeauty

codes: FLA GEO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 518 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

published_in: Brittonia 8: 214


slug: rhexia-petiolata

scientific: Rhexia petiolata

epithet: petiolata

preferred: fringed meadowbeauty

codes: ALA FLA GEO LOU MSI NCA SCA TEX VRG

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1017 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
fringed meadowbeauty
ciliate meadow-beauty


slug: rhexia-virginica

scientific: Rhexia virginica

epithet: virginica

preferred: handsome Harry

Rhexia purshii

authorship: Spreng.

Rhexia stricta

authorship: Pursh

Rhexia virginica var. purshii

authorship: (Spreng.) C.W.James

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

region: Eastern Canada

Ontario

code: ONT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2027 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

names: Рексия вирджинская

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Eupithecia miserulata
Tyloderma caseyi


slug: rhigiophyllum-squarrosum

scientific: Rhigiophyllum squarrosum

authorship: Hochst.

genus: Rhigiophyllum

epithet: squarrosum

family: Campanulaceae

Cape Provinces

code: CPP

region: Southern Africa

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: woody

value: chamaephyte

label: Height

authors: Hochst.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhigozum-brevispinosum

scientific: Rhigozum brevispinosum

authorship: Kuntze

genus: Rhigozum

epithet: brevispinosum

family: Bignoniaceae

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin  4: 270 (1886)

Rhigozum spinosum

authorship: Burch. ex Sprague

codes: ANG BOT CPP CPV NAM TVL ZAM ZIM

Angola

code: ANG

region: South Tropical Africa

Botswana

code: BOT

Caprivi Strip

code: CPV

Namibia

code: NAM

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

Zambia

code: ZAM

Zimbabwe

code: ZIM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 120 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Kalahari Gold
Kalahari Yellowthorn

names: granaatbos kalaharigeeldoring

names: omukumahėnė omunditi

names: lebuta mfefamaeba

value: shrub

value: nanophanerophyte

authors: Kuntze

published_in: Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 270

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhigozum-obovatum

scientific: Rhigozum obovatum

authorship: Burch.

epithet: obovatum

Catha rigida

authorship: (Thunb.) G.Don

Celastrus rigidus

authorship: Thunb.

codes: CPP OFS NAM TVL ZIM

Free State

code: OFS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 746 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Karoo Gold
Karoo Rhigozum

names: 刺钟木 金筒木

names: Geelberggranaat Geelberggranaatbos

authors: Burch.

published_in: Trav. S. Africa i. 389

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: rhigozum-trichotomum

scientific: Rhigozum trichotomum

epithet: trichotomum

codes: ANG BOT CPP OFS NAM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 258 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Three-Thorned Rhigozum
Three-thorn

names: Driedoringgranaat korumbos

names: lekhubare mohurokwane

partners:
Ceratina rhodura
Metaphycus troas

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

label: Growth form

value: Multiple Stem

value: deciduous

published_in: Trav. S. Africa i. 299

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: rhigozum-zambesiacum

scientific: Rhigozum zambesiacum

authorship: Baker

epithet: zambesiacum

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew  1894: 32 (1894)

codes: BOT SWZ NAT MOZ TVL ZIM

Eswatini

code: SWZ

KwaZulu-Natal

code: NAT

Mozambique

code: MOZ

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 97 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Eastern Rhigozum
Mopane Rhigozum

names: mopaniegeeldoring mopaniegranaat

label: Life form

value: 7 m

authors: Baker

published_in: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894(85): 32


slug: rhinacanthus-flavovirens

scientific: Rhinacanthus flavovirens

authorship: Amaras. & Wijes.

genus: Rhinacanthus

epithet: flavovirens

family: Acanthaceae

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

authors: Amaras. & Wijes.

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhinacanthus-gracilis

scientific: Rhinacanthus gracilis

authorship: Klotzsch

epithet: gracilis

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique  6(Bot., 1): 218 (1861)

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 110 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: herb

value: non-woody

authors: Klotzsch

published_in: Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot., 1): 218


slug: rhinacanthus-nasutus

scientific: Rhinacanthus nasutus

authorship: (L.) Kurz

epithet: nasutus

published_in: J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist.  39: 79 (1870)

Dianthera paniculata

authorship: Lour.

Justicia dichotoma

authorship: Rottler

Justicia gendarussa

authorship: Macrae ex Nees

Justicia nasuta

authorship: L.

Justicia rottleriana

authorship: Wall.

Justicia silvatica

authorship: Nees

Justicia sylvatica

authorship: Vahl

Pseuderanthemum connatum

authorship: Lindau

codes: BAN CBD IND LAO MLY MYA PHI SRL THA VIE

Bangladesh

code: BAN

Cambodia

code: CBD

region: Indo-China

India

code: IND

Laos

code: LAO

Malaya

code: MLY

region: Malesia

Myanmar

code: MYA

Philippines

code: PHI

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 460 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 灵枝草 白鹤灵芝

partners:
Pareronia hippia
Pieris rapae crucivora

partners:
Celaenorrhinus ambareesa
Celaenorrhinus leucocera
Emrahia acanthis
Kallima paralekta
Macrourus holotrachys

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: variable

value: 2 m

published_in: J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39(2): 79


slug: rhinacanthus-xerophilus

scientific: Rhinacanthus xerophilus

epithet: xerophilus

codes: BOT MOZ TVL ZIM

Botswana

code: BOT

Northern Provinces

code: TVL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 93 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

published_in: Bothalia vii. 410 (1960)


slug: rhinanthus-alectorolophus

scientific: Rhinanthus alectorolophus

authorship: (Scop.) Pollich

genus: Rhinanthus

epithet: alectorolophus

preferred: European yellow rattle

english:
European yellow rattle
European yellowrattle
greater yellow-rattle

Alectorolophus arvensis

authorship: Semler

Alectorolophus ellipticus

authorship: (Hausskn.) Sterneck

Alectorolophus facchinii

authorship: (Chabert) Sterneck

name: Alectorolophus grandiflorus var. hirsutus

authorship: (Lam.) Rouy

name: Alectorolophus grandiflorus var. modestus

authorship: (Chabert) Rouy

Alectorolophus grandiflorus var. pubens

authorship: Wallr.

name: Alectorolophus grandiflorus var. wallrothii

authorship: Rouy

Alectorolophus hirsutus

authorship: (Lam.) All.

Alectorolophus kerneri

authorship: Sterneck

Mimulus alectorolophus

authorship: Scop.

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. arvensis

authorship: (Semler) Schinz & Thell.

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. buccalis

authorship: (Wallr.) Schinz & Thell.

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. facchinii

authorship: (Chabert) P.Fourn.

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. kerneri

authorship: (Sterneck) Soó

Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. medius

authorship: Schinz & Thell.

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. modestus

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. patulus

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subvar. patulus

authorship: (v.Sterneck) Hartl

Rhinanthus alectorolophus var. modestus

authorship: Chabert

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus var. wallrothii

authorship: (Rouy) Lambinon

Rhinanthus crista-galli subsp. humilior

authorship: Ehrh.

name: Rhinanthus crista-galli var. angustifolius

authorship: Gaudin

Rhinanthus ellipticus

authorship: Hausskn.

Rhinanthus hirsutus

authorship: Lam.

Rhinanthus major subsp. hirsutus

authorship: (Lam.) Čelak.

authorship: Nyman

Rhinanthus major var. hirsutus

authorship: (Lam.) Velen.

Rhinanthus patulus

authorship: (Sterneck) Schinz & Thell.

codes: AUT BLR BGM RUC CZE FIN FRA GER HUN ITA YUG NET POL ROM SWI UKR

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

Belarus

code: BLR

region: Eastern Europe

Belgium

code: BGM

Central European Russia

code: RUC

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Finland

code: FIN

region: Northern Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Hungary

code: HUN

Italy

code: ITA

region: Southeastern Europe

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Netherlands

code: NET

Poland

code: POL

Romania

code: ROM

Switzerland

code: SWI

Ukraine

code: UKR

lifeform: hemiparasitic annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1935 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Погремок большой

names:
harige ratelaar
Rhinantus alectorolophus

partners:
Bombus terrestris
Andrena ovatula
Andrena subopaca
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis
Bombus hypnorum

partners:
Bombus sylvarum
Bombus terrestris
Andrena ovatula
Andrena subopaca
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus humilis

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Adomerus biguttatus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Alloeonotus egregius
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphelia paleana


slug: rhinanthus-borbasii

scientific: Rhinanthus borbasii

authorship: (Dörfl.) Soó

epithet: borbasii

Alectorolophus borbasii

authorship: Dörfl.

Alectorolophus goniotrichus

authorship: Borbás ex Sterneck

Alectorolophus songaricus

authorship: Sterneck

Fistularia goniotricha

authorship: (Borbás ex Sterneck) Borbás

name: Fistularia goniotricha var. interfoliata

authorship: Borbás

Rhinanthus borbasii var. rapaicsianus

authorship: (Soó) E.Mayer

Rhinanthus ferganensis

authorship: Vassilcz.

Rhinanthus major subsp. rapaicsianus

authorship: Soó

codes: ALT CHI KAZ KGZ CHM MON NCS TZK UZB WSB CHX AUT CZE RUE HUN YUG POL ROM RUS UKR

Altay

code: ALT

region: Siberia

Inner Mongolia

code: CHI

region: China

Kazakhstan

code: KAZ

region: Central Asia

Kirgizstan

code: KGZ

Manchuria

code: CHM

Mongolia

code: MON

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

Uzbekistan

code: UZB

West Siberia

code: WSB

Xinjiang

code: CHX

East European Russia

code: RUE

South European Russia

code: RUS

names: Погремок Борбаша

names: Дзвінець Борбаша

value: therophyte

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: rhinanthus-freynii

scientific: Rhinanthus freynii

authorship: (A.Kern. ex Sterneck) Fiori

epithet: freynii

published_in: Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 19: 576 (1912)

Alectorolophus contrinensis

authorship: Semler

Alectorolophus freynii

authorship: A.Kern. ex Sterneck

Alectorolophus helenae

authorship: (Chabert ex Pamp.) Behrendsen

Alectorolophus sterneckii

authorship: Wettst.

name: Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. freynii

authorship: (v.Sterneck) Hartl

Rhinanthus alectorolophus var. freynii

authorship: (A.Kern. ex Sterneck) Chabert

Rhinanthus bellunensis

authorship: Chabert

Rhinanthus contrinensis

authorship: (Semler) Fiori

Rhinanthus freynii var. sterneckii

authorship: (Wettst.) E.Mayer

Rhinanthus helenae

authorship: Chabert ex Pamp.

Rhinanthus sterneckii

authorship: (Wettst.) E.P.Perrier

codes: ITA YUG

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 113 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus barbutellus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius
Bombus lucorum
Bombus mesomelas
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum

value: annual

value: Jun-Jul

authors: Fiori

published_in: Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s., 19: 576


slug: rhinanthus-glacialis

scientific: Rhinanthus glacialis

authorship: Personnat

epithet: glacialis

published_in: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 745 (1863)

Alectorolophus glacialis

authorship: (Personnat) Fritsch

Alectorolophus gracilis

authorship: Sterneck

Alectorolophus lanceolatus

authorship: (Kováts ex Neilr.) Sterneck

name: Alectorolophus lanceolatus var. subalpinus

Alectorolophus subalpinus

authorship: (Sterneck) Behrendsen

Alectorolophus vollmannii

authorship: Poeverl.

Rhinanthus alpinus var. lanceolatus

authorship: Kováts ex Neilr.

authorship: Neilr.

name: Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. aristatus

authorship: (Čelak.) Nyman

name: Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. gracilis

authorship: (Chabert) Soó

Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. humilis

authorship: (Braun-Blanq.) Soó

name: Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. lanceolatus

authorship: (Kováts ex Neilr.) Briq. & Cavill.

name: Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. subalpinus

authorship: (Sterneck) P.Fourn.

Rhinanthus aristatus

authorship: Hausskn.

authorship: Čelak.

Rhinanthus aristatus f. gracilis

authorship: (Chabert) Hartl

Rhinanthus aristatus subsp. gracilis

authorship: (Chabert) O.Schwarz

Rhinanthus aristatus subsp. humilis

authorship: (Braun-Blanq.) O.Schwarz

Rhinanthus aristatus subsp. subalpinus

authorship: (Sterneck) O.Schwarz

name: Rhinanthus aristatus subvar. pseudolanceolatus

authorship: (Semler) Hartl

name: Rhinanthus aristatus subvar. velebiticus

authorship: (v.Soó) Hartl

Rhinanthus aristatus subvar. vollmannii

authorship: (Poeverlein) Hartl

Rhinanthus glacialis subsp. aristatus

authorship: (Čelak.) Rauschert

Rhinanthus glacialis subsp. gracilis

authorship: (Chabert) Rauschert

Rhinanthus glacialis subsp. humilis

authorship: (Braun-Blanq.) Rauschert

Rhinanthus glacialis subsp. lanceolatus

authorship: (Kováts ex Neilr.) Dostál

Rhinanthus glacialis subsp. simplex

authorship: (Sterneck) Rauschert

Rhinanthus lanceolatus

authorship: Pamp. ex Fiori & Bég.

Rhinanthus subalpinus

authorship: (Sterneck) Schinz & Thell.

Rhinanthus vollmannii

authorship: (Poeverl.) Bech.

codes: AUT CZE FRA GER ITA YUG SWI

Austria

code: AUT

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

France

code: FRA

Germany

code: GER

Switzerland

code: SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1160 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: خرخاشة جليدية

names: Погремок ледниковый

names:
Begrannter Klappertopf
Artengruppe Grannen-Klappertopf

names:
Rhinanthe ariste
Rhinanthe aristé

names: Дзвінець вузьколистий

partners:
Bombus lucorum
Bombus terrestris
Meliscaeva cinctella
Autographa gamma
Bombus
Bombus gerstaeckeri
Bombus hortorum
Bombus lapidarius

partners:
Bombus lucorum
Bombus pascuorum
Autographa gamma
Bombus monticola
Bombus pratorum
Bombus terrestris
Pieris rapae
Bombus

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Adomerus biguttatus
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Aphelia paleana
Apteropeda orbiculata