slug: solanum-variabile

scientific: Solanum variabile

authorship: Mart.

epithet: variabile

Solanum repandum

authorship: Vell.

Solanum variabile var. angustifolia

authorship: Witasek ex Usteri

codes: BZS BZL PAR

Brazil South

region: Brazil

names: Jurubeba-falsa jurubeba

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Cerdocyon thous
Penelope obscura
Saltator similis
Stephanophorus diadematus
Sturnira lilium

partners:
Carollia perspicillata
Sturnira lilium
Alouatta belzebul
Cerdocyon thous
Penelope obscura
Saltator similis
Stephanophorus diadematus
Alouatta guariba

authors: Mart.

published_in: Flora 21(2, Beibl.): 80

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-vescum

scientific: Solanum vescum

genus: Solanum

epithet: vescum

family: Solanaceae

rank: species

taxonomic_status: accepted

accepted_according_to: World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06

published_in: Trans. Vict. Inst. 1: 69. 1855.

Solanum aviculare var. vescum

authorship: (F.Muell.) Domin

Solanum reclinatum

authorship: L'Hér. ex Pers.

Solanum vescum var. davidii

authorship: Geras.

licences: CC0 CC-BY CC-BY-SA

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

scheme: TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

license: CC BY 3.0

excludes: introduced extinct location_doubtful

codes: NSW QLD TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

continent: AUSTRALASIA

region: Australia

Queensland

code: QLD

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

mean_annual_temp_c: degrees Celsius

min_temp_coldest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)

max_temp_warmest_month_c: degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)

annual_precip_mm: millimetres per year

precip_driest_quarter_mm: millimetres in the driest quarter

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

citation: Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.

occurrences: iNaturalist Research-grade Observations

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 250 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

hardiness_zone_note: min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other.

model: Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)

names:
green kangaroo-apple
gunyang

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

license: CC0 / per-source

label: Growth habit

category: Form and habit

value: shrub

source: GIFT

license: CC-BY 4.0

key: woodiness

label: Woodiness

value: woody

label: Height

category: Size

value: 2 m

label: Life cycle

category: Life cycle

value: perennial

label: Fruit type

category: Flowers and fruit

value: berry

label: Photosynthetic pathway

category: Physiology

USDA PLANTS Database

license: Public domain (US Government work)

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

license: CC BY 4.0

EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)

license: Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

license: per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

published_in: Defin. Austral. Pl

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

note: The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description.

World Flora Online Plant List

note: accepted name, authority, classification

iNaturalist

note: photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only

license: per photograph

note: native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form

field: care

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

field: toxicity

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

data: CC BY 4.0

note: This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew).


slug: solanum-viarum

scientific: Solanum viarum

authorship: Dunal

epithet: viarum

preferred: tropical soda apple

source: wikidata

Solanum chloranthum

authorship: DC.

Solanum khasianum var. chatterjeeanum

authorship: Sengupta

Solanum viridiflorum

authorship: Schltdl.

codes: AGE BOL BZN BZE BZS BZL BZC CLM PAR PER URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

continent: SOUTHERN AMERICA

region: Southern South America

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Paraguay

code: PAR

Peru

code: PER

Uruguay

code: URU

lifeform: annual or shrub

climate: seasonally dry tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1964 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

note: Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim.

iucn_category: LC

label: Least Concern

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

license: CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label

names:
tropical soda apple
tropical soda-apple

names: 喀西茄 毛果茄

names: Joá-bravo arrebenta-cavalo

type: pollinatedBy

label: Pollinated by

type: flowerVisitedBy

label: Flower-visited by

type: eatenBy

label: Eaten by

partners:
Gratiana boliviana
Tapirus terrestris

type: hasParasite

label: Parasites

partners:
Emersonella appendigaster
Emersonella frieirocostai

type: hasPathogen

label: Pathogens

partners:
Alternaria nitrimali
Tropical soda apple mosaic virus

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

license: CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source

note: Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type.

value: subshrub

source: USDA PLANTS

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS

license: Public domain (U.S. Government work)

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)

source: EOL TraitBank / Flora do Brasil

value: herb

label: Life form

value: chamaephyte

Wikidata

note: common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: solanum-vicinum

scientific: Solanum vicinum

epithet: vicinum

codes: NSW QLD

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 51 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

field: phenology

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-villosum

scientific: Solanum villosum

authorship: Mill.

epithet: villosum

preferred: hairy nightshade

Solanum alatum

authorship: Moench

Solanum arenarium

authorship: Schur

Solanum canescens

authorship: Kit. ex Kanitz

Solanum flavum

authorship: Kit. ex Schult.

Solanum flavum var. humile

authorship: Bernh.

Solanum glabrum

authorship: Chiov.

Solanum hildebrandtii

authorship: A.Braun & C.D.Bouché

Solanum humile

authorship: Bernh. ex Willd.

Solanum kitaibelii

authorship: Schult.

Solanum laevigata

authorship: Lowe

Solanum luteum f. miniatibaccatum

authorship: (Blom) Wessely

Solanum luteum subsp. alatum

authorship: (Moench) Dostál

Solanum luteum var. calvum

authorship: Wessely

Solanum luteum var. miniatibaccatum

authorship: (Blom) Hyl.

Solanum morella subsp. luteum

authorship: (Mill.) Rouy

Solanum nigrum f. angulosum

authorship: Döll

authorship: (Döll) Döll

Solanum nigrum f. humile

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) Döll

Solanum nigrum f. robustum

authorship: Pamp.

Solanum nigrum f. villosum

authorship: (Lam.) Döll

Solanum nigrum subsp. alatum

authorship: (Moench) Celak.

Solanum nigrum subsp. humile

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) Hartm.

Solanum nigrum subsp. irano-algiricum

authorship: Filov

Solanum nigrum subsp. luteovirescens

authorship: Kirschl.

Solanum nigrum subsp. luteum

authorship: (Mill.) Kirschl.

Solanum nigrum subsp. miniatum

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) Arcang.

Solanum nigrum subsp. villosum

authorship: (L.) Ehrh.

authorship: (Lam.) Hartm.

authorship: (Lam.) Celak.

Solanum nigrum subvar. miniatum

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) Coss. & Germ.

Solanum nigrum subvar. ochroleucum

authorship: (Bastard) Coss. & Germ.

Solanum nigrum var. alatum

authorship: (Moench) Fiori

Solanum nigrum var. aurantium

authorship: Maire

Solanum nigrum var. croceum

authorship: Neilr.

Solanum nigrum var. elbaensis

authorship: Täckh. & Boulos

Solanum nigrum var. flavum

authorship: (Kit. ex Schult.) Hohen.

Solanum nigrum var. humile

authorship: (Willd.) Lindm.

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) Boiss.

Solanum nigrum var. induratum

authorship: Boiss.

Solanum nigrum var. miniatum

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) Neilr.

authorship: (Bernh. ex Willd.) Fr.

Solanum nigrum var. rubrum

authorship: (Mill.) Aiton

authorship: Schinz & Keller

Solanum nigrum var. suffruticosum

authorship: (Schousb. ex Willd.) Moris

Solanum nigrum var. villosum

authorship: (Lam.) Hohen.

authorship: (L.) Filov

authorship: L.

Solanum ochroleucum

authorship: Bastard

Solanum olgae

authorship: Pojark.

Solanum plebeium var. brachysepalum

authorship: Bitter

Solanum purpureilineatum

authorship: Sabnis & Bhatt

Solanum rubrum

authorship: Murray

Solanum suffruticosum

authorship: Schousb. ex Lange

name: Solanum suffruticosum var. suffruticosum

codes: ALG AZO BUR CNY CVI CHA DJI EGY ERI ETH KEN LBY MDR MLW MOR MOZ NGA SOM SUD TAN TUN UGA WSA ZAM ZIM AFG CHN CYP EAI GST CHI IRN IRQ LBS NCS OMA PAL CHQ SAU SIN CHT TCS TKM TUR CHX YEM ASS EHM IND MYA NEP PAK VIE WHM ALB AUT BAL BUL COR CZE FRA GER GRC HUN ITA KRI KRY YUG POR ROM SAR SIC RUS SPA SWE SWI TUE UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1570 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Erinaceus europaeus
Erithacus rubecula
Genetta genetta
Monticola solitarius
Oriolus oriolus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Sturnus vulgaris


slug: solanum-violaceum

scientific: Solanum violaceum

authorship: Ortega

epithet: violaceum

published_in: Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 56. 1798

preferred: nightshade

source: usda

Solanum agreste

authorship: Roth ex Roem. & Schult.

authorship: Roth

authorship: Brouss. ex Roem. & Schult.

Solanum album

authorship: C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang

Solanum anghivi

authorship: Bojer ex Dunal

Solanum chinense

authorship: Dunal

Solanum ferox

authorship: Jungh. ex Miq.

Solanum heynii

authorship: Roem. & Schult.

Solanum indicum

authorship: Roxb.

Solanum indicum var. inerme

authorship: Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.

Solanum junghuhnii

authorship: Miq.

Solanum kurzii

authorship: Brace ex Prain

Solanum lividum

authorship: Willd. ex Dunal

Solanum nelsonii

authorship: Zipp. ex Span.

Solanum racemosum

authorship: Noronha

Solanum recurvum

authorship: Hoffmanns.

Solanum sanitwongsei

authorship: Craib

Solanum vincentii

authorship: Delile ex Dunal

codes: CHC CHS CHH TAI ASS BAN EHM IND JAW LAO LSI MLY MYA NEP PAK SRL SUM THA VIE WHM

China South-Central

code: CHC

continent: ASIA-TEMPERATE

region: China

China Southeast

code: CHS

Hainan

code: CHH

Taiwan

code: TAI

region: Eastern Asia

Assam

code: ASS

continent: ASIA-TROPICAL

region: Indian Subcontinent

Bangladesh

code: BAN

East Himalaya

code: EHM

India

code: IND

Jawa

code: JAW

region: Malesia

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Lesser Sunda Is.

code: LSI

Malaya

code: MLY

Myanmar

code: MYA

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Sri Lanka

code: SRL

Sumatera

code: SUM

Thailand

code: THA

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

lifeform: shrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 383 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Petite anghive, Bringelle marron, Bringellier marron

partners:
Augochloropsis metallica
Bombus impatiens
Lasioglossum

partners:
Amrasca biguttula
Miltochrista lutara
Spodoptera frugiperda
Spodoptera litura


slug: solanum-virginianum

scientific: Solanum virginianum

authorship: L.

epithet: virginianum

preferred: Surattense nightshade

Solanum armatum

authorship: Forssk.

Solanum diffusum

authorship: Roxb. ex Wall.

Solanum jacquinii

authorship: Willd.

Solanum mccannii

authorship: Santapau

Solanum virginianum

authorship: Jacq.

Solanum xanthocarpum

authorship: Schrad. & J.C.Wendl.

Solanum xanthocarpum var. jacquinii

authorship: (Willd.) Dunal

codes: AFG CHC GST IRN OMA SAU YEM AND ASS BAN EHM IND MYA NEP PAK SRL WHM

Afghanistan

code: AFG

region: Western Asia

China South-Central

code: CHC

Gulf States

code: GST

region: Arabian Peninsula

Iran

code: IRN

Oman

code: OMA

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

Yemen

code: YEM

Andaman Is.

code: AND

lifeform: annual or subshrub

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 732 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Surattense nightshade
yellow-fruit nightshade

names: 丁茄 毛果茄（黄果茄、紫刺花茄）

partners: Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus


slug: solanum-volubile

scientific: Solanum volubile

authorship: Sw.

epithet: volubile

name: Solanum donnellsmithii var. donnellsmithii

Solanum enoplocalyx

authorship: Dunal

Solanum lanceifolium var. scabrum

authorship: (Vahl) M.Gómez

Solanum lanceifolium var. volubile

authorship: (Sw.) Sendtn.

Solanum scabrum

authorship: Kunth

authorship: Vahl

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS AGE BLZ CLM COS ECU FRG GUA GUY HON NIC PER TRT VEN

Mexico Central

code: MXC

continent: NORTHERN AMERICA

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Belize

code: BLZ

region: Central America

Colombia

code: CLM

Costa Rica

code: COS

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

region: Northern South America

Guatemala

code: GUA

Guyana

code: GUY

Honduras

code: HON

Nicaragua

code: NIC

Peru

code: PER

Trinidad-Tobago

code: TRT

region: Caribbean

Venezuela

code: VEN

climate: wet tropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 132 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: EOL TraitBank / NMNH Botany specimens

value: vine

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-wendlandii

scientific: Solanum wendlandii

epithet: wendlandii

preferred: giant potato creeper

english:
giant potato creeper
giant potatocreeper

Solanum mazatenangense

authorship: J.M.Coult. & Donn.Sm.

Solanum tlacotalpense

authorship: Sessé & Moc.

Solanum unguis-cati

authorship: Standl.

codes: MXC MXG MXE MXT MXS CLM COS HON NIC PAN PER VEN VNA

Mexico Central

code: MXC

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Panamá

code: PAN

Venezuelan Antilles

code: VNA

lifeform: scrambling shrub or liana

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 129 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
giant potato creeper
Costa Rican nightshade

names:
Solano de Flor Azul
Volcán

partners:
Eulaema nigrita
Neoxylocopa

value: liana

value: variable

reason: Only 11 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solanum-wrightii

scientific: Solanum wrightii

authorship: Benth.

epithet: wrightii

Solanum macranthum

authorship: Carrière

Solanum setosicalyx

authorship: Rusby

Bolivia

code: BOL

lifeform: tree

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 109 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Brazilian potato-tree
blue potato tree

names: 大花茄 树茄

names: Паслён Райта

partners:
Sturnira giannae
Sturnira lilium

value: tree

authors: Benth.

published_in: Fl. Hongk. 243


slug: soldanella-alpina

scientific: Soldanella alpina

authorship: L.

genus: Soldanella

epithet: alpina

family: Primulaceae

preferred: Alpine snowbell

english:
Alpine snowbell
Blue moonwort

Soldanella alpina f. crenatifolia

authorship: Beck

Soldanella alpina f. elata

authorship: Zenari

Soldanella alpina f. major

authorship: Cristof. & Pignatti

Soldanella alpina f. pyrolifolia

authorship: (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Hayek

Soldanella alpina f. subalpina

authorship: Bamb.

Soldanella alpina var. minor

authorship: Neilr.

Soldanella alpina var. occidentalis

authorship: (Vierh.) Grinț.

Soldanella alpina var. planiflora

authorship: Murr

Soldanella alpina var. pubescens

authorship: Ser.

Soldanella alpina var. pyrolifolia

authorship: (Sch.N.Ky.) Nikolic

Soldanella alpina var. typica

authorship: Fiori

Soldanella montana var. clusii

authorship: (F.W.Schmidt) Thomé

Soldanella occidentalis

authorship: Vierh.

Soldanella pyrolifolia

authorship: Schott, Nyman & Kotschy

codes: ALB AUT FRA GER ITA YUG SPA SWI

Albania

code: ALB

continent: EUROPE

region: Southeastern Europe

Austria

code: AUT

region: Middle Europe

France

code: FRA

region: Southwestern Europe

Germany

code: GER

Italy

code: ITA

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Spain

code: SPA

Switzerland

code: SWI

lifeform: perennial

climate: subalpine or subarctic

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1986 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Alpine snowbell
Blue moonwort

names:
Echtes Alpenglöckchen
Gewöhnliches Alpenglöckchen

names: Alpen-kwastjesbloem alpenkwastjesbloem

partners:
Bombus
Platycheirus manicatus
Bombus hortorum
Bombus jonellus
Bombus monticola
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus soroeensis

partners:
Bombus
Pieris rapae
Bombus hortorum
Bombus jonellus
Bombus monticola
Bombus pascuorum
Bombus pratorum
Bombus soroeensis

partners:
Acanthis flammea
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris graeca
Anas platyrhynchos
Anser anser
Carduelis citrinella
Carpodacus erythrinus
Chloris chloris

source: EOL TraitBank / ECOCROP (FAO)

value: non-woody

value: hemicryptophyte

label: Leaf retention

category: Foliage

value: evergreen


slug: soldanella-carpatica

scientific: Soldanella carpatica

epithet: carpatica

published_in: Festschr. Ascherson 504 (1904)

Soldanella carpatica f. parvifolia

authorship: (Borbás) Vierh.

Soldanella carpatica var. parvifolia

authorship: (Borbás) Niederle

Soldanella montana var. parvifolia

authorship: Borbás

licences: CC-BY CC-BY-SA

source: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)

codes: CZE POL

Czechia-Slovakia

code: CZE

Poland

code: POL

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 344 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Vierh.

published_in: Festschr. Ascherson 504

reason: Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: soldanella-major

scientific: Soldanella major

authorship: (Neilr.) Vierh.

epithet: major

published_in: Festschr. Aschers. : 504 (1904)

Soldanella hungarica subsp. major

authorship: (Neilr.) Pawl.

Soldanella montana var. major

authorship: (Neilr.) Lüdi

codes: ALB AUT BUL CZE ITA YUG POL ROM UKR

Bulgaria

code: BUL

Romania

code: ROM

Ukraine

code: UKR

region: Eastern Europe

source: CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 30 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flowering months

value: May-Jun

authors: (Neilr.) Vierh.

reason: Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: soldanella-montana

scientific: Soldanella montana

authorship: Willd.

epithet: montana

Soldanella affinis

authorship: Cree ex Loudon

Soldanella alpina var. montana

authorship: (Willd.) Bolzon

codes: AUT BUL CZE GER ITA POL ROM UKR

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 439 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Mountain Snowbell
Mountain Tassel-Flower

names: Сольданелла горная

names: Сольданела гірська

source: Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names

authors: Willd.

published_in: Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1: 192


slug: soldanella-pusilla

scientific: Soldanella pusilla

authorship: Baumg.

epithet: pusilla

published_in: Enum. Stirp. Transsilv.  1: 138 (1816)

Soldanella alpina var. pusilla

authorship: (Baumg.) Fiori

Soldanella alpina var. uniflora

authorship: Steinberger

Soldanella armena

authorship: Lipsky

Soldanella clusii var. cylindrica

authorship: (Ser.) Gaudin

Soldanella pusilla f. diversifolia

authorship: Zenari

Soldanella pusilla f. obliqua

authorship: Györffy

Soldanella pusilla subsp. pirinica

authorship: (F.K.Mey.) Chrtek

Soldanella pusilla var. carestiae

authorship: Cristof. & Pignatti

name: Soldanella pusilla var. chrysosplenifolia

Soldanella pusilla var. parviflora

authorship: Freyn

codes: AUT BUL GER ITA YUG ROM SWI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 481 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Сольданелла крохотная

names:
Zwerg-Alpenglöckchen
Kleine Soldanelle

source: GIFT

value: May-Aug

authors: Baumg.

published_in: Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 138


slug: soleirolia-soleirolii

scientific: Soleirolia soleirolii

authorship: (Req.) Dandy

genus: Soleirolia

epithet: soleirolii

family: Urticaceae

published_in: Feddes Repert. 70: 4 (1965)

preferred: mother of thousands

Helxine soleirolii

authorship: Req.

Parietaria repens

authorship: Soleirol ex Mutel

Parietaria soleirolii

authorship: (Req.) Spreng.

Soleirolia corsica

authorship: Gaudich.

Soleirolia repens

authorship: Kuntze

codes: BAL COR ITA SAR

Baleares

code: BAL

Corse

code: COR

Sardegna

code: SAR

lifeform: subshrub

climate: subtropical

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2021 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
mother of thousands
Corsican carpet

names: lágrimas-de-anjo lágrimas-de-bebé

names: Bubikopf Bubiköpfchen

names:
Helxine de Soleirol
Soleirole de Soleirol

partners:
Vanessa atalanta
Cynthia cardui
Vanessa itea

value: Mar-Aug

value: achene

source: USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

reason: Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenanthus-apenninus-l-fisch-c-a-mey

scientific: Solenanthus apenninus

authorship: (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey

genus: Solenanthus

epithet: apenninus

family: Boraginaceae

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 306 1838

Cynoglossum apenninum

authorship: L.

Solenanthus apenninus

authorship: (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 53 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Hohen.

source: IPNI (International Plant Names Index)

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.

reason: Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenanthus-apenninus-hohen

authorship: Hohen.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 306 (1838)

Cynoglossum mollissimum

authorship: Lehm.

Solenanthus mollissimus

authorship: DC. & A.DC.

codes: ITA SIC

Sicilia

code: SIC

lifeform: biennial

climate: temperate


slug: solenanthus-dubius

scientific: Solenanthus dubius

authorship: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

epithet: dubius

Cynoglossum biebersteinii

authorship: (DC.) Greuter & Burdet

Solenanthus biebersteinii

authorship: DC.

codes: NCS KRY

North Caucasus

code: NCS

region: Caucasus

Krym

code: KRY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 355 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Соленантус Биберштейна
Трубкоцвет Биберштейна

names: Трубкоцвіт сумнівний

value: Apr-May

authors: Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

published_in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11(3): 306

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenanthus-stamineus-desf-wettst

scientific: Solenanthus stamineus

authorship: (Desf.) Wettst.

epithet: stamineus

published_in: Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50(2): 88 1885

Cynoglossum stamineum

authorship: Desf.

names: Трубкоцвет тычиночный

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts li. 543 (1916)

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.

reason: Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenanthus-stamineus-j-f-macbr

published_in: Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50(2): 88 (1885)

Mattia staminea

authorship: (Desf.) Roem. & Schult.

Moltkia libanotica

authorship: Zucc.

Solenanthus tchitounyi

authorship: Azn.

codes: AFG IRN IRQ LBS TZK TCS TUR PAK WHM GRC

Afghanistan

code: AFG

Iran

code: IRN

Iraq

code: IRQ

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Tadzhikistan

code: TZK

region: Central Asia

Transcaucasus

code: TCS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Pakistan

code: PAK

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Greece

code: GRC

names: Трубкоцвет тычиночный


slug: solenanthus-tubiflorus

scientific: Solenanthus tubiflorus

authorship: Murb.

epithet: tubiflorus

Cynoglossum tubiflorum

authorship: (Murb.) Greuter & Burdet

Lindelofia tubiflora

authorship: (Murb.) Brand

Pardoglossum tubiflorum

authorship: (Murbeck) Barbier & Mathez

codes: ALG TUN

Algeria

code: ALG

continent: AFRICA

region: Northern Africa

Tunisia

code: TUN

authors: Murb.

published_in: Acta Univ. Lund. xxxiv. Afd. II. no. 14

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenidium-lunatum

scientific: Solenidium lunatum

authorship: (Lindl.) Schltr.

genus: Solenidium

epithet: lunatum

family: Orchidaceae

published_in: Orchideen Beschreib. Kult. Zücht. : 525 (1914)

Leochilus mattogrossensis

authorship: Cogn.

Oncidium lunatum

authorship: Lindl.

Rodriguezia lindmanii

authorship: Kraenzl.

Solenidium mattogrossense

authorship: (Cogn.) Schltr.

codes: BOL BZN BZE BZC CLM ECU FRG GUY PER VEN

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil North

code: BZN

region: Brazil

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Colombia

code: CLM

Ecuador

code: ECU

French Guiana

code: FRG

Guyana

code: GUY

Peru

code: PER

Venezuela

code: VEN

lifeform: pseudobulbous epiphyte

value: epiphyte

authors: Schltr.

published_in: Orchideen (Schlechter) 525

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.

reason: No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon.


slug: solenogyne-bellioides

scientific: Solenogyne bellioides

authorship: Cass.

genus: Solenogyne

epithet: bellioides

family: Asteraceae

Lagenophora bellioides

authorship: (Cass.) Druce

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 154 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: perennial

authors: Cass.

published_in: Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. [F. Cuvier] 56: 175

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.

reason: Only 14 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenogyne-dominii

scientific: Solenogyne dominii

epithet: dominii

Lagenifera gunnii var. glabra

authorship: Domin

codes: NSW SOA TAS VIC

New South Wales

code: NSW

region: Australia

South Australia

code: SOA

Tasmania

code: TAS

Victoria

code: VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 328 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Smooth Solenogyne
Rayless daisy

published_in: Brunonia 2(1): 58

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.

reason: Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenogyne-gunnii

scientific: Solenogyne gunnii

authorship: (Hook.f.) Cabrera

epithet: gunnii

Abrotanella christensenii

authorship: Petrie

Solenogyne bellioides var. gunnii

authorship: (Hook.f.) G.L.Davis

codes: NSW TAS VIC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 143 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: (Hook.f.) Cabrera

published_in: Blumea 14: 307


slug: solenomelus-pedunculatus

scientific: Solenomelus pedunculatus

authorship: (Gillies ex Hook.) Hochr.

genus: Solenomelus

epithet: pedunculatus

family: Iridaceae

published_in: Bull. New York Bot. Gard.  6: 269 (1910)

Cruckshanksia graminea

authorship: Miers

Sisyrinchium flavum

authorship: Miers ex Steud.

Sisyrinchium longistylum

authorship: Lem.

Sisyrinchium pedunculatum

authorship: Gillies ex Hook.

Sisyrinchium scabriusculum

authorship: Steud.

Solenomelus chilensis var. punctatus

authorship: (Miers) Baker

Chile Central

code: CLC

region: Southern South America

lifeform: rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 316 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: geophyte

authors: Hochr.

published_in: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 269


slug: solenomelus-segethi

scientific: Solenomelus segethi

authorship: (Phil.) Kuntze

epithet: segethi

Lechlera sisyrinchium

authorship: Griseb.

Sisyrinchium lechlerii

authorship: Baker

Sisyrinchium segethi

authorship: Phil.

Solenomelus sisyrinchium

authorship: Pax

Susarium segethi

authorship: (Phil.) Phil.

Symphyostemon segethi

authorship: (Phil.) G.Nicholson

codes: AGS CLC

Argentina South

code: AGS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 167 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners: Coleoptera Hymenoptera

value: herb

authors: (Phil.) Kuntze


slug: solenophora-calycosa

scientific: Solenophora calycosa

genus: Solenophora

epithet: calycosa

family: Gesneriaceae

codes: MXT MXS COS ELS GUA HON PAN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mexico Southwest

code: MXS

Costa Rica

code: COS

El Salvador

code: ELS

Guatemala

code: GUA

Honduras

code: HON

Panamá

code: PAN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 54 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: shrub

value: woody

reason: Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenophora-tuxtlensis

scientific: Solenophora tuxtlensis

authorship: Ram.-Roa & Ibarra-Manr.

epithet: tuxtlensis

codes: MXG MXS

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

authors: Ram.-Roa & Ibarra-Manr.

published_in: Novon 7: 281, fig


slug: solenopsis-laurentia

scientific: Solenopsis laurentia

authorship: (L.) C.Presl

genus: Solenopsis

epithet: laurentia

family: Campanulaceae

published_in: Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 32 (1836)

Laurentia canariensis

authorship: (C.Presl) A.DC.

Laurentia commutata

authorship: Tod.

Laurentia gasparrinii

authorship: (Tineo) Strobl

Laurentia gasparrinii f. albiflora

authorship: (Merino) E.Wimm.

Laurentia gasparrinii var. subacaulis

authorship: (Pomel ex Batt.) E.Wimm.

Laurentia michelii f. albiflora

authorship: Merino

Laurentia michelii var. gasparrinii

authorship: (Tineo) Nyman

Laurentia michelii var. integrifolia

authorship: Lange

Laurentia michelii var. perpusilla

authorship: Maire

Laurentia michelii var. subacaulis

authorship: Pomel ex Batt.

Lobelia gasparrinii

authorship: Tineo

Lobelia gracilis

authorship: Salisb.

Lobelia laurentia

authorship: L.

Lobelia laurentia var. nana

authorship: Hoffmanns. & Link

Lobelia michelii

authorship: (A.DC.) Colmeiro

Lobelia michelii var. integrifolia

authorship: (Lange) Colmeiro

Solenopsis salzmanniana

authorship: (C.Presl) C.Presl

codes: ALG CNY MOR TUN EAI LBS TUR ALB COR FRA GRC ITA KRI YUG POR SAR SIC SPA

Algeria

code: ALG

Canary Is.

code: CNY

region: Macaronesia

Morocco

code: MOR

Tunisia

code: TUN

East Aegean Is.

code: EAI

region: Western Asia

Lebanon-Syria

code: LBS

Türkiye

code: TUR

Albania

code: ALB

Corse

code: COR

France

code: FRA

Greece

code: GRC

Italy

code: ITA

Kriti

code: KRI

NW. Balkan Pen.

code: YUG

Portugal

code: POR

Sardegna

code: SAR

Sicilia

code: SIC

Spain

code: SPA

lifeform: annual

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 94 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Lobélie de Laurenti
Solénopside de Laurenti


slug: solenopsis-minuta

scientific: Solenopsis minuta

authorship: (L.) C.Presl

epithet: minuta

published_in: Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. : 32 (1836)

codes: KRI SAR SIC

lifeform: annual or perennial

published_in: Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 32


slug: solenostemma-oleifolium

scientific: Solenostemma oleifolium

authorship: (Nectoux) Bullock & E.A.Bruce ex Maire

genus: Solenostemma

epithet: oleifolium

family: Apocynaceae

published_in: Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 3: 170 (1933)

Argelia delilii

authorship: Decne.

Cynanchum argel

authorship: Delile

Cynanchum oleifolium

authorship: Nectoux

Solenostemma arghel

authorship: (Delile) Hayne

codes: ALG CHA EGY LBY MLI NGR SUD PAL SAU SIN

Algeria

code: ALG

Chad

code: CHA

region: Northeast Tropical Africa

Egypt

code: EGY

Libya

code: LBY

Mali

code: MLI

region: West Tropical Africa

Niger

code: NGR

Sudan-South Sudan

code: SUD

Palestine

code: PAL

Saudi Arabia

code: SAU

region: Arabian Peninsula

Sinai

code: SIN

climate: desert or dry shrubland

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: subshrub

value: chamaephyte

authors: (Nectoux) Bullock & E.A.Bruce

reason: Only 12 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solenostoma-fusiforme

scientific: Solenostoma fusiforme

authorship: (Steph.) R.M.Schust.

genus: Solenostoma

epithet: fusiforme

family: Solenostomataceae

published_in: Hepat. Anthocerotae N. Amer. 2: 944. 1969.

Jungermannia fusiformis

authorship: (Steph.) Steph.

Jungermannia koreana

authorship: (Steph.) Amakawa

Jungermannia kuwaharae

authorship: Amakawa

Nardia fusiformis

authorship: Steph.

Plectocolea aomorensis

authorship: (Steph.) S.Hatt.

Protosolenostoma fusiforme

authorship: (Steph.) Vilnet & Bakalin

Solenostoma kuwaharae

authorship: (Amakawa) R.M.Schust.

Solenostoma yakusimense

authorship: (S.Hatt.) Amakawa


slug: solenostoma-gracillimum

scientific: Solenostoma gracillimum

authorship: (Sm.) R.M.Schust.

epithet: gracillimum

published_in: Hepat. Anthocerotae N. Amer. 2: 972. 1969.

Aplozia cordifolia var. turfosa

authorship: Warnst.

Aplozia crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) Dumort.

Aplozia crenulata f. arvernica

authorship: Douin

Aplozia crenulata f. cristulata

authorship: (Dumort.) Casares-Gil

Aplozia crenulata f. gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Casares-Gil

Aplozia crenulata f. tuberculata

authorship: (Schiffn.) Macvicar

Aplozia crenulata var. cristulata

authorship: (Dumort.) Warnst.

Aplozia crenulata var. exundata

authorship: (Hy ex Schiffn.) C.E.O.Jensen

Aplozia crenulata var. gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Heeg

Aplozia crenulata var. inundata

authorship: (Hy ex Schiffn.) Macvicar

Aplozia crenulata var. subaquatica

authorship: (Schiffn.) C.E.O.Jensen

Aplozia crenulata var. turfosa

authorship: (Warnst.) C.E.O.Jensen

Aplozia cristulata

authorship: Dumort.

Aplozia gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Dumort.

Aplozia hyalina var. heteromorpha

authorship: (Gottsche & Rabenh.) Warnst.

Aplozia sphaerocarpa var. gracilescens

authorship: (Nees) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Aplozia turfosa

authorship: (Warnst.) Warnst.

Eucalyx crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) Loeske

Eucalyx gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Loeske

Jungermannia confervoides

authorship: Krémer

Jungermannia crenulata

authorship: Sm.

Jungermannia crenulata var. cristulata

authorship: (Dumort.) C.Massal.

Jungermannia crenulata var. genthiana

authorship: (Huebener) Limpr.

Jungermannia crenulata var. gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Hook.

Jungermannia crenulata var. minor

authorship: Mart. ex Steud.

Jungermannia crenulata var. tenerrima

authorship: De Not.

Jungermannia cycloselis

authorship: Huebener ex Genth

Jungermannia decurrens

authorship: Desv.

Jungermannia genthiana

authorship: Huebener

Jungermannia genthii

authorship: Lindb.

Jungermannia gracillima f. crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) Váňa

Jungermannia gracillima subsp. arctica

authorship: Damsh.

name: Jungermannia gracillima subsp. gracillima

Jungermannia gracillima var. crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) Damsh.

Jungermannia gracillima var. rubra

authorship: Grognot

Jungermannia hyalina f. colorata

authorship: (Mart.) Nees

Jungermannia hyalina var. heteromorpha

authorship: Gottsche & Rabenh.

Jungermannia nana f. gracillima

authorship: Nees

Jungermannia nana var. gracillima

authorship: (Nees) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees

Jungermannia scalaris var. colorata

authorship: Mart.

name: Jungermannia sphaerocarpa var. gracilescens

Jungermannia subapicalis var. colorata

authorship: (Mart.) Huebener

Jungermannia tenerrima

authorship: Raddi

Mesophylla crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) Corb.

Mesophylla crenulata f. transitoria

authorship: (Schiffn.) Douin

Mesophylla crenulata var. gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Boulay

Mesophylla hyalina var. colorata

authorship: (Mart.) Boulay

Mesophylla hyalina var. gracillima

authorship: (Schiffn.) Boulay

Mesophylla hyalina var. heteromorpha

authorship: (Gottsche & Rabenh.) Boulay

Metasolenostoma gracillimum

authorship: (Sm.) Vilnet & Bakalin

name: Metasolenostoma gracillimum f. crenulatum

authorship: (Mitt.) Vilnet & Bakalin

name: Metasolenostoma gracillimum f. gracillimum

Nardia crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) Lindb.

Nardia crenulata f. rubra

authorship: Schiffn.

Nardia crenulata var. cristulata

authorship: (Dumort.) Schiffn.

Nardia crenulata var. exundata

authorship: Hy ex Schiffn.

Nardia crenulata var. gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Lindb.

Nardia crenulata var. turfosa

authorship: (Warnst.) Schiffn.

Nardia genthiana

authorship: (Huebener) Broth.

Nardia hyalina var. colorata

authorship: (Mart.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.

Nardia hyalina var. heteromorpha

authorship: (Gottsche & Rabenh.) C.Massal. & Carestia

Plectocolea crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) A.Evans

Plectocolea crenulata var. cristulata

authorship: (Dumort.) Frye & L.Clark

Plectocolea crenulata var. gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Frye & L.Clark

Plectocolea crenulata var. inundata

authorship: (Hy ex Schiffn.) S.Hatt.

Solenostoma crenulatum

authorship: Mitt.

Solenostoma crenulatum var. gracillimum

authorship: (Sm.) C.Massal.

Solenostoma gracillimum f. crenulatum

authorship: (Mitt.) Bakalin

name: Solenostoma gracillimum subsp. gracillimum

name: Solenostoma gracillimum var. cristulatum

authorship: (Dumort.) R.M.Schust.

name: Solenostoma gracillimum var. gracillimum

name: Solenostoma gracillimum var. heteromorphum

authorship: (Gottsche & Rabenh.) Bakalin

Southbya crenulata

authorship: (Mitt.) Bernet

Southbya crenulata var. gracillima

authorship: (Sm.) Bernet

Southbya hyalina var. colorata

authorship: (Mart.) Bom. & Broth.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 84 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 厚边叶苔 厚边管口苔

names: Соленостома стройная

names:
trsenka vroubená
ústěnka vroubená


slug: solenostoma-rubrum

scientific: Solenostoma rubrum

authorship: (Gottsche ex Underw.) R.M.Schust.

epithet: rubrum

published_in: Hepat. Anthocerotae N. Amer. 2: 975. 1969.

Jungermannia rubra

authorship: Gottsche ex Underw.

Nardia rubra

authorship: (Gottsche ex Underw.) A.Evans


slug: solidago-albopilosa

scientific: Solidago albopilosa

genus: Solidago

epithet: albopilosa

preferred: whitehair goldenrod

source: wikidata

Kentucky

code: KTY

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 82 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
whitehair goldenrod
white-hair goldenrod

published_in: Rhodora 44: 2


slug: solidago-altissima

scientific: Solidago altissima

authorship: L.

epithet: altissima

preferred: tall goldenrod

english:
tall goldenrod
Canada goldenrod
Great Plains goldenrod
late goldenrod

source: inat

Doria altissima var. procera

authorship: Lunell

Solidago altissima var. gilvocanescens

authorship: (Rydb.) Semple

Solidago altissima var. procera

authorship: Fernald

name: Solidago canadensis subsp. gilvocanescens

authorship: (Rydb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve

Solidago canadensis var. gilvocanescens

authorship: Rydb.

Solidago canadensis var. scabra

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray

Solidago gilvocanescens

authorship: (Rydb.) Smyth

Solidago procera

authorship: Aiton

Solidago scabra

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

codes: ALA ABT ARK BRC COL CNT DEL WDC FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MXC MXG MXE MXN MXT MXS MIC MIN MSI MSO MNT NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS WYO

Alabama

code: ALA

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mexico Central

code: MXC

region: Mexico

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

names: 北美一枝黃花 高大一枝黄花

iNaturalist

note: photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only


slug: solidago-arenicola

scientific: Solidago arenicola

authorship: B.R.Keener & Kral

epithet: arenicola

preferred: sand goldenrod

codes: ALA TEN

Alabama

code: ALA

Tennessee

code: TEN

names:
sand goldenrod
southern racemose goldenrod

authors: B.R.Keener & Kral


slug: solidago-arguta

scientific: Solidago arguta

epithet: arguta

preferred: Atlantic goldenrod

Solidago arguta subsp. boottii

authorship: (Hook.) G.H.Morton

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL KAN KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

region: Eastern Canada

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 252 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: solidago-auriculata

scientific: Solidago auriculata

authorship: Shuttlew. ex S.F.Blake

epithet: auriculata

published_in: J. Washington Acad. Sci. 21: 326 (1931)

preferred: eared goldenrod

Aster amplexicaulis

authorship: Kuntze

Solidago amplexicaulis

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray ex Chapm.

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray ex A.Gray

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Solidago notabilis

authorship: Mack.

codes: ALA ARK FLA GEO LOU MSI SCA TEN TEX

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Tennessee

code: TEN

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 173 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

authors: Shuttlew. ex S.F.Blake

published_in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 326


slug: solidago-bartramiana

scientific: Solidago bartramiana

epithet: bartramiana

Solidago canadensis var. bartramiana

authorship: (Fernald) Beaudry

codes: LAB MAI NFL QUE VER

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Québec

code: QUE

names:
Bartram's goldenrod
Brenda's goldenrod

names:
verge d'or de Bartram
verge d'or de Brenda

authors: Fernald

published_in: Rhodora 17: 10

reason: Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-bicolor

scientific: Solidago bicolor

authorship: L.

epithet: bicolor

preferred: silverrod

english:
silverrod
white goldenrod

Aster bicolor

authorship: (L.) Nees

Aster pubens

authorship: (M.A.Curtis ex Torr. & A.Gray) Kuntze

Solidago alba

authorship: Mill.

Solidago curtisii var. pubens

authorship: (M.A.Curtis ex Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

Solidago pubens

authorship: M.A.Curtis ex Torr. & A.Gray

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL GEO ILL INI KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO WIS

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Rhode I.

code: RHO

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1997 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Золотарник двуцветный

partners:
Augochlora pura
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus capra
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
Atalopedes huron
Augochloropsis viridula
Bombus

partners:
Ancistrocerus campestris
Bombus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Ceropales maculata maculata
Lithobates pipiens
Philanthus gibbosus
Polistes fuscatus


slug: solidago-buckleyi

scientific: Solidago buckleyi

epithet: buckleyi

preferred: Buckley's goldenrod

codes: ARK ILL INI KTY MSO

Arkansas

code: ARK

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 95 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

source: Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)

authors: Torr. & A.Gray

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 198


slug: solidago-caesia

scientific: Solidago caesia

epithet: caesia

preferred: bluestem goldenrod

english:
bluestem goldenrod
wreath goldenrod

Solidago caesia f. axillaris

authorship: (Banks ex Pursh) House

authorship: (Pursh) House

Solidago caesia var. axillaris

authorship: (Pursh) A.Gray

Solidago gracilis

authorship: Hort.Par. ex Poir.

Solidago lateriflora

authorship: Raf. ex DC.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MAI MRY MAS MIC MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL ONT PEN QUE RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Mississippi

code: MSI

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Québec

code: QUE

South Carolina

code: SCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2044 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Золотарник сизый

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Acalymma vittatum
Aedes albopictus
Agnorisma badinodis
Ancistrocerus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena hirticincta

partners:
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus capra
Ancistrocerus unifasciatus
Apis mellifera
Asteromyia carbonifera
Augochlora pura
Augochloropsis viridula

partners:
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Bombus impatiens
Cisseps fulvicollis
Polistes fuscatus
Prescottia lobata
Sphaerophoria contigua
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus capra


slug: solidago-canadensis

scientific: Solidago canadensis

epithet: canadensis

preferred: Canada goldenrod

english:
Canada goldenrod
canadian goldenrod

Aster canadensis

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Aster lepidus

authorship: (DC.) Kuntze

Doria canadensis

authorship: (L.) Lunell

Solidago arizonica

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

Solidago canadensis subsp. altissima

authorship: (L.) O.Bolòs & Vigo

Solidago canadensis var. procera

authorship: (Aiton) Torr. & A.Gray

Solidago canadensis var. subserrata

authorship: (DC.) Cronquist

Solidago lunellii

authorship: Rydb.

Solidago reflexa

authorship: Aiton

codes: ASK ABT ARI ARK BRC CAL COL CNT DEL WDC IDA ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MNT NEB NEV NBR NWH NWJ NWM NWY NCA NDA NSC NUN OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN TEX UTA VER VRG WAS WVA WIS WYO

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

District of Columbia

code: WDC

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Manitoba

code: MAN

Minnesota

code: MIN

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2015 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: Золотарник канадский

names: カナダアキノキリンソウ セイタカアワダチソウ

names:
Kanadische Goldrute
gewöhnliche kanadische Goldrute

names: Solidage du Canada, Gerbe-d'or, Verge-d'or du Canada

names:
Verga d'oro americana
Verga d'oro del Canada

names: Золотушник канадський

names: ดอกสร้อยทอง สร้อยทอง

names:
Canadisk gyldenris
Sibirisk Vinterportulak

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus ternarius
Lucilia sericata
Acanthocephala terminalis
Adelphocoris quadripunctatus
Agapostemon virescens
Aglais milberti
Allograpta obliqua

partners:
Andrena canadensis
Andrena hirticincta
Andrena nubecula
Acalymma vittatum
Agrilus cyanescens
Albuna fraxini
Ancistrocerus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Ancistrocerus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus catskill
Andrena canadensis
Andrena nubecula
Araschnia levana
Atalopedes huron

partners:
Eurosta solidaginis
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Golovinomyces orontii
Nemorimyza posticata


slug: solidago-chilensis

scientific: Solidago chilensis

authorship: Meyen

epithet: chilensis

Aster polyglossa

authorship: Kuntze

Solidago bonariensis

authorship: D.Don ex Baker

Solidago coquimba

authorship: Phil.

Solidago linearifolia

authorship: DC.

Solidago linearifolia var. brachypoda

authorship: Speg.

Solidago microglossa var. linearifolia

authorship: (DC.) Baker

Solidago nitidula

authorship: Mart. ex Baker

Solidago odora

authorship: Hook. & Arn.

codes: AGE AGW AGS BOL BZE BZS BZL BZC CLC CLN CLS JNF PAR URU

Argentina Northeast

code: AGE

Argentina Northwest

code: AGW

Argentina South

code: AGS

Bolivia

code: BOL

region: Western South America

Brazil Northeast

code: BZE

region: Brazil

Brazil South

code: BZS

Brazil Southeast

code: BZL

Brazil West-Central

code: BZC

Chile Central

code: CLC

Chile North

code: CLN

Chile South

code: CLS

Juan Fernández Is.

code: JNF

Paraguay

code: PAR

Uruguay

code: URU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1445 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Anise Goldenrod
Chilean solidago

names: Erva-de-lagarto arnica

partners:
Augochlora iphigenia
Augochlorella ephyra
Bibionidae
Bombyliidae
Cantharidae
Chauliognathus scriptus
Chilicola
Chrysopa

partners:
Arawacus ellida
Calycopis caulonia
Colias lesbia
Phymata chilensis chilensis
Strymon bazochii
Tegosa claudina

partners:
Chlorostrymon simaethis
Melanchroia aterea
Ortilia ithra
Zoniopoda tarsata


slug: solidago-chrysopsis

scientific: Solidago chrysopsis

authorship: Small

epithet: chrysopsis

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(9): 477 (1898)

Florida

code: FLA

authors: Small

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(9): 477


slug: solidago-confinis

scientific: Solidago confinis

epithet: confinis

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 191 (1882)

Solidago confinis var. luxurians

authorship: (H.M.Hall) Jeps.

Solidago guiradonis var. luxurians

authorship: (H.M.Hall) Hoover

Solidago spectabilis var. confinis

authorship: (A.Gray) Cronquist

codes: CAL MXN

California

code: CAL

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

names:
Nevada goldenrod
southern goldenrod

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 191


slug: solidago-curtisii

scientific: Solidago curtisii

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: curtisii

preferred: mountain decumbent goldenrod

Solidago ambigua var. curtisii

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Alph.Wood

Solidago caesia var. curtisii

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) C.E.S.Taylor & R.John Taylor

codes: ALA GEO KTY MSI NCA SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 140 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners: Apoidea Coleoptera Lepidoptera

source: USDA PLANTS

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 200

reason: Only 28 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-decurrens

scientific: Solidago decurrens

authorship: Lour.

epithet: decurrens

Amphirhapis leiocarpa

authorship: Benth.

Dectis decurrens

authorship: Raf.

Solidago decurrens f. paludosa

authorship: (Honda) Kitam.

Solidago pubescens

authorship: Wall.

Solidago virgaurea var. leiocarpa

authorship: (Benth.) A.Gray

Solidago virgaurea var. paludosa

authorship: Honda

Solidago virgaurea var. praeflorens

authorship: Nakai

codes: CHN CHC CHS JAP KAM KOR KUR NNS PRM SAK TAI ASS EHM LAO NEP PAK PHI VIE WHM ALU

China North-Central

code: CHN

region: China

China South-Central

code: CHC

China Southeast

code: CHS

Japan

code: JAP

region: Eastern Asia

Kamchatka

code: KAM

region: Russian Far East

Korea

code: KOR

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Nansei-shoto

code: NNS

Primorye

code: PRM

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Taiwan

code: TAI

Assam

code: ASS

region: Indian Subcontinent

East Himalaya

code: EHM

Laos

code: LAO

region: Indo-China

Nepal

code: NEP

Pakistan

code: PAK

Philippines

code: PHI

region: Malesia

Vietnam

code: VIE

West Himalaya

code: WHM

Aleutian Is.

code: ALU

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 553 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 一枝黄花 一枝蒿

names: Золотарник низбегающий


slug: solidago-drummondii

scientific: Solidago drummondii

epithet: drummondii

Aster torreyi

authorship: Kuntze

codes: ARK ILL MSO

Arkansas

code: ARK

region: Southeastern U.S.A.

Illinois

code: ILL

Missouri

code: MSO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 124 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

value: Sep-Dec

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 217


slug: solidago-elongata

scientific: Solidago elongata

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: elongata

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 327 (1840)

Cineraria hirta

authorship: Vahl ex DC.

Solidago canadensis var. elongata

authorship: (Nutt.) M.Peck

Solidago caurina

authorship: Piper

Solidago elongata var. microcephala

authorship: Kellogg

Solidago lepida var. caurina

authorship: (Piper) M.Peck

codes: ABT ARI BRC COL IDA MAN MNT NEV NWM ORE SAS UTA WAS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

region: Western Canada

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

region: Northwestern U.S.A.

Idaho

code: IDA

Manitoba

code: MAN

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

lifeform: perennial or rhizomatous geophyte

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 413 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cascade Canada goldenrod
west coast goldenrod

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavidus
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus impatiens
Bombus mixtus
Bombus occidentalis
Bombus vancouverensis
Bombus vosnesenskii

value: non-woody

authors: Nutt.

published_in: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 327


slug: solidago-erecta

scientific: Solidago erecta

authorship: Herb.Banks ex Pursh

epithet: erecta

preferred: showy goldenrod

Solidago speciosa var. erecta

authorship: MacMill.

codes: ALA CNT DEL GEO INI KTY MRY MAS MSI NWJ NWY NCA OHI PEN SCA TEN VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

region: Northeastern U.S.A.

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Indiana

code: INI

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Mississippi

code: MSI

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 351 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Vespula maculifrons

source: EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS


slug: solidago-faucibus

scientific: Solidago faucibus

authorship: Wieboldt

epithet: faucibus

preferred: gorge goldenrod

codes: KTY SCA VRG WVA

authors: Wieboldt


slug: solidago-fistulosa

scientific: Solidago fistulosa

authorship: Mill.

epithet: fistulosa

preferred: pine barren goldenrod

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MSI NWJ NCA NSC PEN SCA VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Florida

code: FLA

Louisiana

code: LOU

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 896 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
pine barren goldenrod
Hollow Goldenrod

partners:
Dielis dorsata
Eumenes fraternus
Euodynerus hidalgo
Leptoglossus phyllopus
Leucospis affinis
Myzinum
Pygodasis quadrimaculata
Sphex ichneumoneus

type: visitedBy

label: Visited by

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus impatiens
Celithemis eponina
Euodynerus hidalgo
Leptoglossus phyllopus
Polistes dorsalis
Polistes metricus
Sphex ichneumoneus

label: Growth form

value: Rhizomatous

label: Growth rate

value: moderate

value: 2 m

value: deciduous


slug: solidago-flexicaulis

scientific: Solidago flexicaulis

authorship: L.

epithet: flexicaulis

preferred: broad-leaved goldenrod

english:
broad-leaved goldenrod
Broad-leaved goldenrod
Zigzag goldenrod
zigzag goldenrod

Doria flexicaulis

authorship: Lunell

Solidago flexicaulis var. ciliata

authorship: DC.

Solidago flexicaulis var. latifolia

authorship: (L.) Pursh

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY MAI MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE SDA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

region: North-Central U.S.A.

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

North Dakota

code: NDA

Ontario

code: ONT

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2009 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 弯茎花叶一枝黄花 彎莖一枝黃花

names: Золотарник извилистостебельный

partners:
Bombus borealis
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Ancistrocerus
Andrena hirticincta
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus affinis

partners:
Andrena hirticincta
Allograpta obliqua
Ancistrocerus
Augochlora pura
Bombus affinis
Bombus impatiens
Chrysopilus modestus
Ctenucha virginica

partners:
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Andrena hirticincta
Bombus ashtoni
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Bombus vagans
Cisseps fulvicollis


slug: solidago-gattingeri-chapm-ex-gatt

scientific: Solidago gattingeri

authorship: Chapm. ex Gatt.

epithet: gattingeri

preferred: Gattinger's goldenrod

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 74 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Growth habit

authors: Chapm. ex Gatt.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SOGA

license: public domain

reason: Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon.


slug: solidago-gattingeri-chapm-ex-a-gray

authorship: Chapm. ex A.Gray

Solidago missouriensis var. pumila

authorship: Chapm.

codes: ARK MSO TEN

Arkansas

code: ARK

Tennessee

code: TEN

authors: Chapm. ex A.Gray


slug: solidago-gigantea

scientific: Solidago gigantea

authorship: Aiton

epithet: gigantea

preferred: giant goldenrod

Aster latissimifolius var. serotinus

authorship: Kuntze

Doria dumetorum

authorship: (Lunell) Lunell

Doria pitcheri

authorship: (Nutt.) Lunell

Solidago gigantea subsp. serotina

authorship: (Kuntze) McNeill

Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla

authorship: Fernald

Solidago gigantea var. pitcheri

authorship: (Nutt.) Shinners

Solidago gigantea var. serotina

authorship: (Kuntze) Cronquist

Solidago gigantea var. shinnersii

authorship: Beaudry

Solidago glabra

authorship: Desf.

Solidago pitcheri

authorship: Nutt.

Solidago serotina var. gigantea

authorship: (Aiton) A.Gray

Solidago serotina var. minor

authorship: Hook.

Solidago serotinoides

authorship: Á.Löve & D.Löve

Solidago shinnersii

authorship: (Beaudry) Beaudry

Solidago somesii

authorship: Rydb.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2046 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
giant goldenrod
Early Goldenrod

names:
Золотарник гигантский
Золотарник поздний

names: オオアワダチソウ オオアワダチソウ(広義)

names:
Riesen-Goldrute
Spaetbluehende Goldrute

names:
Solidage géant
solidage glabre

names:
Verga d'oro maggiore
Verga d’oro maggiore

names: Золотушник гігантський (Золотушник пізній)

names: Guldlysing Rödmire

names:
Rød Arve
Sildig gyldenris

names: isopiisku Puna-alpi

names: Nonsblom Ugrasnøkkel

names:
Golema zlatica
Голема златица

partners:
Acalymma vittatum
Ancistrocerus gazella
Andrena amieti
Andrena denticulata
Andrena hesperia
Andrena humilis
Andrena livens
Andrena nigroolivacea

partners:
Abaeis nicippe
Agapostemon sericeus
Aglais io
Ammophila pictipennis
Ancistrocerus
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus capra
Ancistrocerus gazella

partners:
Ammophila procera
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus campestris
Ancistrocerus capra
Andrena canadensis
Andrena miranda
Apis mellifera
Arrenodes minutus

partners:
Ammophila procera
Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis
Metcalfa pruinosa pruinosa
Polistes dominula
Acanthis flammea
Acronicta rumicis
Adscita statices
Aeolothrips intermedius

partners:
Chrysocharis chromatomyiae
Chrysocharis crassiscapus
Chrysocharis oscinidis
Eurytoma gigantea
Eurytoma obtusiventris

type: hasHost

label: Hosts

label: Woodiness

value: hemicryptophyte

value: Bunch

label: Height

value: evergreen


slug: solidago-gillmanii

scientific: Solidago gillmanii

authorship: (A.Gray) E.S.Steele

epithet: gillmanii

codes: INI MIC ONT WIS

Ontario

region: Eastern Canada

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 90 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Deam's Goldenrod
Gillman's goldenrod

authors: (A.Gray) E.S.Steele

published_in: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 367

reason: Only 16 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-glomerata

scientific: Solidago glomerata

authorship: Michx.

epithet: glomerata

preferred: clustered goldenrod

Actipsis glomerata

authorship: Raf.

Aster glomeratus

authorship: (Michx.) Kuntze

codes: NCA TEN

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
clustered goldenrod
skunk goldenrod

label: Life cycle

authors: Michx.

published_in: Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 117

reason: Only 27 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-guiradonis

scientific: Solidago guiradonis

epithet: guiradonis

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 543. 1865

preferred: Guirado goldenrod

Aster guiradonis

authorship: Kuntze

California

code: CAL

names:
Guirado goldenrod
Guirado's goldenrod

partners:
Apodemia mormo
Physocephala texana
Polistes aurifer

published_in: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 543

reason: Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county.


slug: solidago-hispida

scientific: Solidago hispida

authorship: Muhl. ex Willd.

epithet: hispida

preferred: hairy goldenrod

Aster bicolor var. lanatus

authorship: (Hook.) Kuntze

Solidago bicolor var. concolor

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Solidago bicolor var. hispida

authorship: (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

Solidago bicolor var. lanata

authorship: (Hook.) A.Gray

Solidago bicolor var. luteola

authorship: Farw.

Solidago bicolor var. tonsa

authorship: (Fernald) B.Boivin

Solidago earlei

authorship: Small

Solidago hispida var. huronensis

authorship: Semple

Solidago hispida var. lanata

authorship: (Hook.) Fernald

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL GEO ILL INI IOW KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NFL NCA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SAS SCA SDA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Louisiana

code: LOU

Manitoba

code: MAN

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1388 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Bombus flavidus
Bombus ternarius
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Eristalis dimidiata
Helophilus fasciatus
Megacyllene robiniae


slug: solidago-houghtonii

scientific: Solidago houghtonii

epithet: houghtonii

published_in: Manual (Gray) 211. 1848

preferred: Houghton's goldenrod

Oligoneuron houghtonii

authorship: (A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 117 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

iucn_category: NT

label: Near Threatened

source: IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)

published_in: Manual 211

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol OLHO


slug: solidago-juliae

scientific: Solidago juliae

epithet: juliae

preferred: Julia's goldenrod

Solidago altissima var. canescens

authorship: (A.Gray) M.C.Johnst.

codes: MXE TEX

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

region: Mexico

Texas

code: TEX

region: South-Central U.S.A.

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.


slug: solidago-juncea

scientific: Solidago juncea

authorship: Aiton

epithet: juncea

preferred: early goldenrod

Solidago arguta var. juncea

authorship: (Aiton) Torr. & A.Gray

Solidago juncea f. scabrella

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Fernald

Solidago juncea var. neobohemica

authorship: Fernald

Solidago juncea var. ramosa

authorship: Porter & Britton

Solidago juncea var. scabrella

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL GEO ILL INI KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NSC OHI ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA TEN VER VRG WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Kentucky

code: KTY

Maine

code: MAI

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Hampshire

code: NWH

North Carolina

code: NCA

Ohio

code: OHI

Ontario

code: ONT

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2017 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus impatiens
Analeptura lineola
Ancistrocerus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Andrena nubecula
Anthophila
Apis mellifera
Atalopedes huron

partners:
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Eremnophila aureonotata
Eumenes fraternus
Harmonia axyridis
Isodontia mexicana
Megacyllene robiniae
Monobia quadridens
Philanthus gibbosus

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus ternarius
Bombus terricola
Epiblema scudderiana
Eremnophila aureonotata
Exema canadensis


slug: solidago-latissimifolia

scientific: Solidago latissimifolia

authorship: Mill.

epithet: latissimifolia

preferred: Elliott's goldenrod

Aster latissimifolius

authorship: Kuntze

name: Aster latissimifolius var. confertiflorus

name: Aster latissimifolius var. latissimifolius

Dasiorima elliotii

authorship: Raf.

Solidago edisoniana

authorship: Mack.

Solidago elliottii var. edisoniana

authorship: (Mack.) Fernald

Solidago elliptica

authorship: Elliott

codes: ALA CNT DEL FLA GEO MRY MAS NWJ NWY NCA NSC PEN RHO SCA VRG

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 78 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Least Concern

names:
Elliott's goldenrod
coastal swamp goldenrod

names:
Solidage à feuilles très larges
verge d'or d'Elliott

partners:
Andrena nubecula
Augochlora pura
Bombus vosnesenskii
Icaricia acmon
Junonia grisea

partners:
Brumus quadripustulatus
Forficula dentata
Icaricia acmon
Leucospis affinis
Mitoura gryneus
Podabrus pruinosus
Rhagonycha fulva
Stictocephala basalis

partners:
Asteroma solidaginis
Golovinomyces orontii

reason: Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-leavenworthii

scientific: Solidago leavenworthii

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: leavenworthii

preferred: Leavenworth's goldenrod

codes: ALA FLA GEO NCA SCA

Alabama

code: ALA

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 192 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Flower-visited by

partners:
Brueelia antiqua
Spodoptera ornithogalli

name: GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 223

reason: Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted.


slug: solidago-leiocarpa

scientific: Solidago leiocarpa

authorship: DC.

epithet: leiocarpa

preferred: Cutler's alpine goldenrod

codes: MAI NWH NWY QUE VER

Maine

code: MAI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

Québec

code: QUE

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 312 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Cutler's Alpine Goldenrod
Cutler's goldenrod

partners:
Aglais milberti
Apis mellifera
Boloria chariclea
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus terricola
Carsia sororiata
Clossiana montinus
Colias philodice

name: Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides

authors: DC.

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SOCU2


slug: solidago-lepida

scientific: Solidago lepida

epithet: lepida

preferred: Western Canada goldenrod

Solidago canadensis var. fallax

authorship: (Fernald) Beaudry

Solidago elongata var. fallax

authorship: (Fernald) G.N.Jones

codes: ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA MAN MNT NEV NBR NWM NWT NUN ONT ORE QUE SAS WYO YUK

Alaska

code: ASK

region: Subarctic America

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

region: Southwestern U.S.A.

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Manitoba

code: MAN

Montana

code: MNT

Nevada

code: NEV

New Brunswick

code: NBR

New Mexico

code: NWM

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nunavut

code: NUN

Ontario

code: ONT

Oregon

code: ORE

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

Wyoming

code: WYO

Yukon

code: YUK

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 771 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Western Canada goldenrod
Canada goldenrod

partners:
Bombus huntii
Andrena
Apis mellifera
Bombus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus impatiens
Bombus insularis
Bombus melanopygus

name: Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)


slug: solidago-ludoviciana

scientific: Solidago ludoviciana

authorship: Small

epithet: ludoviciana

preferred: Louisiana goldenrod

Solidago arguta var. strigosa

authorship: (Small) Steyerm.

codes: ARK LOU TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

Louisiana

code: LOU

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 34 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Louisiana goldenrod
: Louisiana goldenrod

reason: Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


scientific: Solidago macrophylla

authorship: Herb.Banks ex Pursh

epithet: macrophylla

preferred: largeleaf goldenrod

codes: LAB MAI NBR NWH NWY NFL NSC ONT PEI QUE VER

Labrador

code: LAB

Maine

code: MAI

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New York

code: NWY

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Prince Edward I.

code: PEI

Québec

code: QUE

Vermont

code: VER

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 676 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
largeleaf goldenrod
Large-leaved Goldenrod

names:
solidage à grande feuille
verge d'or à grandes feuilles

partners:
Albuna pyramidalis
Andrena milwaukeensis
Andrena thaspii
Boloria chariclea
Bombus flavifrons
Drasteria hudsonica
Erebia pawloskii
Icaricia saepiolus

partners:
Bombus flavidus
Parnassius smintheus

label: Eaten by

partners:
Andrena milwaukeensis
Andrena thaspii
Bombus impatiens

authors: Banks ex Pursh

published_in: Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 542

reason: Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready.


slug: solidago-macrophylla-bigelow

authorship: Bigelow

names:
Largeleaf Goldenrod
Large-leaved Goldenrod

label: Parasites

authors: Bigelow

published_in: Fl. Boston., ed. 2 305

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol SOMA4

reason: No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page.


slug: solidago-mexicana

scientific: Solidago mexicana

authorship: L.

epithet: mexicana

Aster mexicanus

authorship: (L.) Kuntze

Solidago sempervirens subsp. mexicana

authorship: (L.) Semple

Solidago sempervirens var. mexicana

authorship: (L.) Fernald

Solidago stricta var. angustifolia

authorship: (Elliott) A.Gray

codes: ALA DEL FLA GEO LOU MRY MXG MXE MXT MSI NCA SCA TEX VRG

Alabama

code: ALA

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Maryland

code: MRY

Mexico Gulf

code: MXG

Mexico Northeast

code: MXE

Mexico Southeast

code: MXT

Mississippi

code: MSI

North Carolina

code: NCA

South Carolina

code: SCA

Virginia

code: VRG

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1646 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

label: Pollinated by

partners: Apoidea Coleoptera Lepidoptera

partners:
Agapostemon poeyi
Agapostemon splendens
Allograpta radiata
Apis mellifera
Ascia monuste
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Euodynerus hidalgo

partners:
Agapostemon poeyi
Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus
Dioprosopa clavatus
Eumenes fraternus
Euodynerus hidalgo
Monoceromyia floridensis
Myzinum

partners:
Megachile xylocopoides
Scolia dubia dubia

authors: L.


slug: solidago-minutissima

scientific: Solidago minutissima

authorship: (Makino) Kitam.

epithet: minutissima

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 141 (1934)

Solidago virgaurea var. minutissima

authorship: Makino

Solidago virgaurea var. yakusimensis

authorship: Nakai

Solidago yakusimensis

authorship: (Nakai) Masam.

Japan

code: JAP

names: issun-kinka イッスンキンカ

authors: (Makino) Kitam.

published_in: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3(3): 141

reason: Only 1 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-missouriensis

scientific: Solidago missouriensis

authorship: Nutt.

epithet: missouriensis

published_in: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vii. (1834) 32.

preferred: Missouri goldenrod

Aster marshallii

authorship: Kuntze

Aster missuriensis

authorship: (Nutt.) Kuntze

Doria concinna

authorship: Lunell

Solidago duriuscula

authorship: Greene

Solidago glaberrima var. moritura

authorship: (E.S.Steele) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.

Solidago glaucophylla

authorship: Rydb.

Solidago marshallii

authorship: Rothr.

Solidago missouriensis var. glaberrima

authorship: (M.Martens) Rydb.

name: Solidago missouriensis var. missouriensis

Solidago tenuissima

authorship: Wooton & Standl.

codes: ABT ARI ARK BRC COL IDA ILL INI KAN KTY MAN MXE MXN MIC MIN MSO MNT NEB NEV NWM NDA OKL ONT ORE SAS SDA TEN TEX UTA WAS WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Arizona

code: ARI

Arkansas

code: ARK

British Columbia

code: BRC

Colorado

code: COL

Idaho

code: IDA

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Manitoba

code: MAN

Mexico Northwest

code: MXN

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Missouri

code: MSO

Montana

code: MNT

Nebraska

code: NEB

Nevada

code: NEV

New Mexico

code: NWM

North Dakota

code: NDA

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Ontario

code: ONT

Oregon

code: ORE

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 950 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Ancyloxypha numitor
Andrena carlini
Anthrax halycon
Apallates coxendix
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
Batyle suturalis
Bibio pallipes

partners:
Apis mellifera
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus huntii
Bombus melanopygus
Bombus rufocinctus
Gnophaela vermiculata
Halictus
Lasioglossum

source: EOL TraitBank / Fire Effects Information System (USDA)


slug: solidago-mollis

scientific: Solidago mollis

authorship: Bartl.

epithet: mollis

published_in: Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) (1836) 5

preferred: velvety goldenrod

Doria incana

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) Lunell

Solidago incana

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

Solidago mollis var. angustata

authorship: Shinners

Solidago nemoralis var. incana

authorship: (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

Solidago nemoralis var. mollis

authorship: (Bartl.) A.Gray

codes: ABT COL IOW KAN MAN MIN MNT NEB NWM NDA OKL SAS SDA TEX WIS WYO

Alberta

code: ABT

Colorado

code: COL

Iowa

code: IOW

Saskatchewan

code: SAS

South Dakota

code: SDA

Texas

code: TEX

Wisconsin

code: WIS

Wyoming

code: WYO

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 207 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
velvety goldenrod
Ashly goldenrod

partners:
Lejops bilinearis
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus ternarius
Lejops curvipes
Polydontomyia curvipes

reason: Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-multiradiata

scientific: Solidago multiradiata

authorship: Aiton

epithet: multiradiata

preferred: Rocky Mountain goldenrod

source: usda

Aster multiradiatus

authorship: (Aiton) Kuntze

Solidago algida

authorship: Piper

name: Solidago multiradiata subsp. multiradiata

Solidago multiradiata var. arctica

authorship: (DC.) Fernald

Solidago scopulorum

authorship: (A.Gray) A.Nelson

codes: JAP KAM KUR SAK ASK ABT ARI BRC CAL COL IDA LAB MAN MNT NBR NWM NFL NWT NSC NUN ONT ORE QUE SAS UTA WAS WYO YUK

Japan

code: JAP

Kamchatka

code: KAM

Kuril Is.

code: KUR

Sakhalin

code: SAK

Alaska

code: ASK

Arizona

code: ARI

British Columbia

code: BRC

California

code: CAL

Idaho

code: IDA

Labrador

code: LAB

Manitoba

code: MAN

New Brunswick

code: NBR

Newfoundland

code: NFL

Northwest Territories

code: NWT

Nova Scotia

code: NSC

Nunavut

code: NUN

Québec

code: QUE

Utah

code: UTA

Washington

code: WAS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
Rocky Mountain goldenrod
alpine goldenrod

names:
verge d'or à plusieurs rayons
verge d'or à rayons nombreux

partners:
Bombus appositus
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus frigidus
Bombus mixtus
Bombus nevadensis
Bombus sylvicola
Bombusmixtus

partners:
Bombus bifarius
Bombus flavifrons
Bombus sylvicola
Sericomyia flagrans
Agriades glandon
Albuna pyramidalis
Andrena
Andrena columbiana

reason: Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all.


slug: solidago-nemoralis

scientific: Solidago nemoralis

epithet: nemoralis

preferred: Field goldenrod

english:
Field goldenrod
Grey goldenrod
Grey-stemmed goldenrod
gray goldenrod

Aster hispidus

authorship: Kuntze

Doria pulcherrima

authorship: Lunell

Solidago longipetiolata

authorship: Mack. & Bush

Solidago nemoralis subsp. haleana

authorship: (Fernald) G.W.Douglas

name: Solidago nemoralis subsp. longipetiolata

authorship: (Mack. & Bush) G.W.Douglas

Solidago nemoralis var. decemflora

authorship: Fernald

Solidago nemoralis var. elongata

authorship: Peck

Solidago nemoralis var. longipetiolata

authorship: (Mack. & Bush) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO ILL INI IOW KAN KTY LOU MAI MAN MRY MAS MIC MIN MSI MSO NEB NBR NWH NWJ NWY NCA NDA NSC OHI OKL ONT PEN PEI QUE RHO SCA SDA TEN TEX VER WVA WIS

Alabama

code: ALA

Arkansas

code: ARK

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Iowa

code: IOW

Kansas

code: KAN

Kentucky

code: KTY

Louisiana

code: LOU

Maine

code: MAI

Maryland

code: MRY

Massachusetts

code: MAS

Michigan

code: MIC

Minnesota

code: MIN

Mississippi

code: MSI

Missouri

code: MSO

Nebraska

code: NEB

New Hampshire

code: NWH

New Jersey

code: NWJ

New York

code: NWY

North Carolina

code: NCA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2018 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Andrena miserabilis
Apallates coxendix
Bibio albipennis
Centrinites strigicollis
Ceratoma caminea
Chaetochlorops inquilinus
Chrysogaster antithea
Cordilura munda

partners:
Apis mellifera
Ammophila procera
Ceratina calcarata
Megacyllene robiniae
Philanthus gibbosus
Polistes fuscatus
Ammophila kennedyi
Ammophila pictipennis

partners:
Agrotis venerabilis
Andrena hirticincta
Andrena nubecula
Apis mellifera
Augochloropsis humeralis
Ceropales maculata maculata
Chauliognathus pensylvanicus
Colletes

partners:
Synchlora aerata
Ceratina calcarata
Colletes compactus
Colletes eulophi
Cucullia convexipennis
Epiblema scudderiana
Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis
Lycaena hypophlaeas


slug: solidago-nitida

scientific: Solidago nitida

authorship: Torr. & A.Gray

epithet: nitida

preferred: shiny goldenrod

Oligoneuron nitidum

authorship: Small

codes: ARK LOU MSI OKL TEX

Arkansas

code: ARK

Oklahoma

code: OKL

Texas

code: TEX

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 107 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Bombus fraternus
Bombus pensylvanicus

published_in: Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 210

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol OLNI

reason: Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.


slug: solidago-odora

scientific: Solidago odora

epithet: odora

preferred: anise-scented goldenrod

english:
anise-scented goldenrod
anisescented goldenrod
sweet-scented goldenrod

Solidago odora var. chapmanii

authorship: (A.Gray) Cronquist

Solidago suaveolens

authorship: Schöpf

codes: ALA ARK CNT DEL FLA GEO KTY LOU MRY MAS MSI MSO NWH NWJ NWY NCA OHI OKL PEN RHO SCA TEN TEX VER VRG WVA

Alabama

code: ALA

Connecticut

code: CNT

Delaware

code: DEL

Florida

code: FLA

Georgia

code: GEO

Kentucky

code: KTY

Ohio

code: OHI

Pennsylvania

code: PEN

Rhode I.

code: RHO

South Carolina

code: SCA

Tennessee

code: TEN

Vermont

code: VER

Virginia

code: VRG

West Virginia

code: WVA

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1471 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

partners:
Euodynerus foraminatus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Ancistrocerus campestris
Andrena hirticincta
Apis mellifera
Arge humeralis
Atalopedes huron
Atteva punctella

partners:
Harmostes reflexulus
Phalangium opilio
Ripiphorus
Scolia bicincta
Zethus spinipes

partners:
Agapostemon splendens
Colletes solidaginis
Dielis plumipes
Euodynerus megaera
Heptapsogaster costaricensis


slug: solidago-ohioensis

scientific: Solidago ohioensis

authorship: Riddell

epithet: ohioensis

published_in: Syn. Fl. West. U. St. 57.

preferred: Ohio goldenrod

Aster ohioensis

authorship: (Riddell) Kuntze

Oligoneuron ohioense

authorship: (Riddell) G.N.Jones

codes: ILL INI MIC NWY ONT WIS

Illinois

code: ILL

Indiana

code: INI

Michigan

code: MIC

New York

code: NWY

Ontario

code: ONT

Wisconsin

code: WIS

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 813 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names:
verge d'or d'Ohio
verge d'or de l'Ohio

partners:
Crambus watsonellus
Megacyllene robiniae
Microrhopala vittata

authors: Riddell

USDA PLANTS Database

note: common name, checklist symbol OLOH


slug: solidago-pacifica

scientific: Solidago pacifica

authorship: Juz.

epithet: pacifica

published_in: Fl. URSS xxv. 576.

Solidago coreana

authorship: (Nakai) H.S.Pak

Solidago virgaurea subsp. coreana

authorship: (Nakai) Kitag.

Solidago virgaurea var. gigantea

authorship: Nakai

note: Full per-image metadata (photographer, licence, licence URL, attribution, derivative restrictions and image URLs) is on the per-species JSON at per_image_metadata_url. Each image is licensed individually; this bulk file omits the per-image matrix to stay small and cleanly licensed.

codes: AMU CHN JAP KHA KOR CHM PRM

Amur

code: AMU

China North-Central

code: CHN

Japan

code: JAP

Khabarovsk

code: KHA

Korea

code: KOR

Manchuria

code: CHM

Primorye

code: PRM

method: Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 31 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.

names: 朝鲜一枝黄花 一枝黄花

names: Золотарник тихоокеанский

value: Jul-Sep

authors: Juz.

reason: No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name.


slug: solidago-pallida

scientific: Solidago pallida

authorship: (Porter) Rydb.

epithet: pallida

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 153 (1906)

Solidago speciosa var. pallida

authorship: Porter

codes: COL NWM ONT SDA WYO

Colorado

code: COL

New Mexico

code: NWM

South Dakota

code: SDA

Wyoming

code: WYO

value: perennial

note: Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it.

authors: (Porter) Rydb.

published_in: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 153

reason: Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one.