Fabaceae and Zygophyllaceae

Senna lindheimeriana vs Tribulus terrestris

These two are not on this page because a keyword tool suggested them. They are here because our own identification model genuinely mistook one for the other, on real photographs, 3 times. We publish the rate, and then we tell you what actually separates them.

Confused 3x by our model Method published

Side by sidefigs. a and b

Senna lindheimeriana, photographed by Reid Hardin
fig. a Reid Hardin, CC BY 4.0

Senna lindheimeriana

Lindheimer's Senna
Tribulus terrestris, photographed by Daniel S.
fig. b Daniel S., CC BY 4.0

Tribulus terrestris

puncture vine

How often our model gets it wrong measured, not estimated

When the plant was The model said How often
Senna lindheimeriana Tribulus terrestris 3 of 19 (16%)

The confusion runs one way only. The model mistakes Senna lindheimeriana for Tribulus terrestris, but not the reverse.

Measured on 38,949 openly licensed, research-grade photographs. Full method and dataset.

What actually separates themon the record

Family Fabaceae versus Zygophyllaceae. Different families, which is a real separation.
Genus Senna versus Tribulus.
Flowering Peaks in September versus May. If the plant is in flower, timing helps. (n = 317 and 1,890.)

What we do not have yet: the diagnostic morphological character that a botanist would key on, from a source we can cite. We are not going to invent one. Until we have it, this page tells you the two are genuinely confusable, how often, and what the taxonomy and the flowering data do and do not settle.

Both recordsfull pages