Osmundaceae and Dryopteridaceae

Leptopteris superba vs Polystichum vestitum

These two are not on this page because a keyword tool suggested them. They are here because our own identification model genuinely mistook one for the other, on real photographs, 5 times. We publish the rate, and then we tell you what actually separates them.

Confused 5x by our model Method published

Side by sidefigs. a and b

Leptopteris superba, photographed by Zac Sanson
fig. a Zac Sanson, CC BY 4.0

Leptopteris superba

Prince of Wales fern
Polystichum vestitum, photographed by Jon Sullivan
fig. b Jon Sullivan, CC BY 4.0

Polystichum vestitum

Prickly Shield Fern

How often our model gets it wrong measured, not estimated

When the plant was The model said How often
Leptopteris superba Polystichum vestitum 5 of 18 (28%)

The confusion runs one way only. The model mistakes Leptopteris superba for Polystichum vestitum, but not the reverse.

Measured on 38,299 openly licensed, research-grade photographs. Full method and dataset.

What actually separates themon the record

Family Osmundaceae versus Dryopteridaceae. Different families, which is a real separation.
Genus Leptopteris versus Polystichum.

What we do not have yet: the diagnostic morphological character that a botanist would key on, from a source we can cite. We are not going to invent one. Until we have it, this page tells you the two are genuinely confusable, how often, and what the taxonomy and the flowering data do and do not settle.

Both recordsfull pages